Publications

Menzies, R & Menzies, R 2021, Mortals How the Fear of Death Shaped Human Society.
View description>>

Human society is shaped by many things, but underlying them all is one fundamental force - our fear of death. This is the ground-breaking theory explored in Mortals.

De Rubis, G & Bebawy, M 2021, 'Extracellular Vesicles in Chemoresistance' in Subcellular Biochemistry, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, pp. 211-245.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Chemotherapy represents the current mainstay therapeutic approach for most types of cancer. Despite the development of targeted chemotherapeutic strategies, the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs is severely limited by the development of drug resistance. Multidrug resistance (MDR) consists of the simultaneous resistance to various unrelated cytotoxic drugs and is one of the main causes of anticancer treatment failure. One of the principal mechanisms by which cancer cells become MDR involves the overexpression of ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), mediating the active efflux of cytotoxic molecules from the cytoplasm. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are submicron lipid-enclosed vesicles that are released by all cells and which play a fundamental role in intercellular communication in physiological and pathological contexts. EVs have fundamental function at each step of cancer development and progression. They mediate the transmission of MDR through the transfer of vesicle cargo including functional ABC transporters as well as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. Furthermore, EVs mediate MDR by sequestering anticancer drugs and stimulate cancer cell migration and invasion. EVs also mediate the communication with the tumour microenvironment and the immune system, resulting in increased angiogenesis, metastasis and immune evasion. All these actions contribute directly and indirectly to the development of chemoresistance and treatment failure. In this chapter, we describe the many roles EVs play in the acquisition and spread of chemoresistance in cancer. We also discuss possible uses of EVs as pharmacological targets to overcome EV-mediated drug resistance and the potential that the analysis of tumour-derived EVs offers as chemoresistance biomarkers.

Hronis, A & Dixon, P 2021, 'COVID-19 and the impact on gambling, sex, and pornography use and addictions' in Mental Health Effects of COVID-19, Elsevier, pp. 3-18.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Hronis, A, Moses, C & Moustafa, AA 2021, 'The relationship between gambling and depression' in The Nature of Depression, Elsevier, UK, pp. 135-150.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This chapter discusses the relationship between depression and gambling behavior. We show that depression is in fact prevalent and even a risk factor for problem gambling. We discuss factors underlying the development of comorbid depression and problem gambling. This review builds on Blaszczynski and Nower (2002)‘s model on the role of existing mood disorders and depression as risk factor for problem gambling, as has been corroborated by several studies. Finally, we discuss implications for the treatment of depression in reducing problem gambling.

Moses, K & Wootton, BM 2021, 'Cognitive behavior therapy for COVID-19 related distress' in Mental Health Effects of COVID-19, Elsevier, pp. 301-318.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Ng, SW, Chan, Y, Ng, XY, Dua, K & Chellappan, DK 2021, 'Chapter 23 Neuroblastoma: Current advancements and future therapeutics' in Advanced Drug Delivery Systems in the Management of Cancer, pp. 281-297.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Okan, C, Weidemann, G & Bailey, PE 2021, '“Alone, but not lonely”: The impact of COVID-19 on older persons and the role of technology in staying connected' in Mental Health Effects of COVID-19, Elsevier, pp. 117-131.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

During the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults face high rates of social isolation compared to other age groups. This is due to the strict physical distancing rules applied to older adults as a result of their vulnerability to coronavirus. Social isolation is known to have negative impacts on the mental health of older adults as a result of loneliness. This includes increased risk of depression and suicidal ideation. This review explores the possible exacerbation of mental health issues among older adults due to social isolation experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also present data demonstrating no difference in distress, and reduced loneliness, among older (N = 101, M age = 20.6 years; 51 female) Australians during early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. With a globally aging population, resources are required to promote social engagement among older adults who may otherwise lead isolated lives. This review article highlights a need for studies examining the validity of online communication tools for ameliorating the ill effects of physical distancing among older adults.

Pollock, GA, Hodge, C, Sutton, G & Machin, HM 2021, 'Human Material for Research: Eye Banking, Biobanking and Ethical Access' in Essentials in Ophthalmology, Springer Singapore, pp. 51-60.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Pont, LG, Dua, K, Cutler, RL, Benson, H, Hagi, M, Cardenas, VG, Smit, CCH, Ao, A & Williams, KA 2021, 'Current practice in cancer pharmacotherapy' in Advanced Drug Delivery Systems in the Management of Cancer, `Elsevier, The Netherlands, pp. 9-15.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally and with worldwide increases in life expectancy, the incidence and mortality for most cancers is expected to increase. While surgery and radiation therapy remain the first-line treatment for many cancers, pharmacotherapy has always been an important therapeutic option, especially in the management of locally advanced or metastatic disease. Traditionally, chemotherapy has been the primary pharmacotherapeutic approach used in the treatment of cancer; however, as our knowledge and understanding of cancer pathophysiology have advanced, new treatment options have been developed. Identification of tumor biomarkers and other molecular targets has driven the development of new pharmacotherapeutic options, namely immune- and biological pharmacotherapies, which are now used either in combination with chemotherapy or as monotherapy in the current practice for cancer treatment. In this chapter, we consider and explore the pharmacotherapies currently used worldwide in clinical practice for the treatment of the five most common cancers: lung, female (breast), prostate, colon, and skin.

Pont, LG, Dua, K, Cutler, RL, Benson, H, Hagi, M, Cardenas, VG, Smit, CCH, Ao, A & Williams, KA 2021, 'Current practice in cancer pharmacotherapy' in Advanced Drug Delivery Systems in the Management of Cancer, Elsevier, pp. 9-15.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Quel De Oliveira, C 2021, 'The shifting paradigm' in Reznik, J & Simmons, J (eds), Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injuries, Elsevier, Australia, pp. 47-62.

Abdel Shaheed, C, Ferreira, GE, Dmitritchenko, A, McLachlan, AJ, Day, RO, Saragiotto, B, Lin, C, Langendyk, V, Stanaway, F, Latimer, J, Kamper, S, McLachlan, H, Ahedi, H & Maher, CG 2021, 'The efficacy and safety of paracetamol for pain relief: an overview of systematic reviews', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 214, no. 7, pp. 324-331.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Actkins, KV, Srinivasan, S, Spees, LP, Turbitt, E, Allen, CG & Roberts, MC 2021, 'Uptake of Genetic Testing Among Patients with Cancer At Risk for Lynch Syndrome in the National Health Interview Survey', Cancer Prevention Research, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 927-932.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Lynch syndrome is the most common inherited cancer syndrome that increases the risk of developing colorectal and endometrial cancer. Universal screening guidelines were first recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2009 and are updated annually by multiple societies. Therefore, one would expect genetic testing rates to increase over time. But testing remains underutilized among those with colorectal or endometrial cancer, even though early detection can improve prognosis and survival rates. In this study, we aimed to understand differences in genetic testing uptake among those with colorectal cancer or endometrial cancer from 2005, 2010, 2015, using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). We examined genetic testing uptake across cancer-type, age (≤50 or ≥51), sex, race, insurance, and education using a χ2 statistical analysis. Despite an upward genetic testing trend in 2010, we found no significant differences in genetic testing uptake over time. In 2010, non-White individuals experienced the highest increase from 2005 in comparison with White individuals. However, genetic testing rates declined for both groups by 2015. Our findings show that genetic testing for colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer did not increase over a 10-year period in spite of guidelines that recommend testing. Prevention Relevance: Genetic testing uptake for colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer has not increased over a 10-year period in spite of universal screening guidelines. More genetic testing education is needed at the provider and patient level to improve screening strategies for cancer patients who are most at risk for Lynch syndrome.

Ahumada-Canale, A, Vargas, C, Balmaceda, C, Martinez-Mardones, F, Plaza-Plaza, JC, Benrimoj, S & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2021, 'Medication review with follow-up for cardiovascular outcomes: a trial based cost–utility analysis', Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 229-242.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Aim: To assess the trial-based cost–effectiveness of medication review with follow-up compared with usual care in primary care. Materials & methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial included patients if they were independent older adults, receiving five or more prescriptions, with moderate or high cardiovascular risk. Costs were estimated from the public healthcare sector perspective, and health benefits were measured as quality-adjusted life years. Both of which were used to calculate the incremental cost–effectiveness ratio. Results: Twelve centers completed the study, six (146 patients) in the intervention group and six (145 patients) in the control group. The base-case analysis showed an incremental cost–effectiveness ratio of US$ (2019) 434.4/quality-adjusted life year (95% CI 64.20–996.03). Conclusion: The intervention was cost-effective in the public primary care setting.

Ahumada-Canale, A, Vargas, C, Martinez-Mardones, F, Plaza-Plaza, JC, Benrimoj, S & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2021, 'Cost-utility analysis of medication review with follow-up for cardiovascular outcomes: A microsimulation model', Health Policy, vol. 125, no. 11, pp. 1406-1414.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. Pharmacist-led medication review with follow-up might be cost-effective preventing cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To undertake a cost–utility analysis of the addition of pharmacist-led medication review with follow-up to usual care compared to usual care alone for cardiovascular outpatients. Materials and methods: A state-transition microsimulation model was built to project outcomes over a lifetime time horizon. Inputs from a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in primary health care centers in Chile with full-time pharmacists were used. Probabilities were estimated using patient-level data. Utilities and costs associated with each health state were obtained from the literature, whereas the intervention costs were retrieved from the trial. The public third-party payer perspective was used. Uncertainty was evaluated through one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Results: For the base case analysis, an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $963 per quality-adjusted life-year was observed which was considered cost-effective. The results were robust to sensitivity analyses and were driven by decreased cardiovascular events resulting in lower mortality. Conclusions: Medication review with follow-up was deemed a cost-effective addition to usual care with low uncertainty.

Alaiti, RK, Saragiotto, BT, Fukusawa, L, D.A. Rabelo, N & de Oliveira, AS 2021, 'Choosing what works for whom: towards a better use of mechanistic knowledge in clinical practice', Archives of Physiotherapy, vol. 11, no. 1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Background Clinicians commonly try to use mechanism-based knowledge to make sense of the complexity and uncertainty of chronic pain treatments to create a rationale for their clinical decision-making. Although this seems intuitive, there are some problems with this approach. Discussion The widespread use of mechanism-based knowledge in clinical practice can be a source of confusion for clinicians, especially when complex interventions with different proposed mechanisms of action are equally effective. Although the available mechanistic evidence is still of very poor quality, in choosing from various treatment options for people with chronic pain, an approach that correctly incorporates mechanistic reasoning might aid clinical thinking and practice. Conclusion By explaining that not all evidence of mechanism is the same and by making a proposal to start using mechanism-based knowledge in clinical practice properly, we hope to help clinicians to incorporate mechanistic reasoning to prioritize and start choosing what may best work for whom.

Alemao, CA, Budden, KF, Gomez, HM, Rehman, SF, Marshall, JE, Shukla, SD, Donovan, C, Forster, SC, Yang, IA, Keely, S, Mann, ER, El Omar, EM, Belz, GT & Hansbro, PM 2021, 'Impact of diet and the bacterial microbiome on the mucous barrier and immune disorders', Allergy, vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 714-734.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractThe prevalence of chronic immune and metabolic disorders is increasing rapidly. In particular, inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, diabetes, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have become major healthcare and economic burdens worldwide. Recent advances in microbiome research have led to significant discoveries of associative links between alterations in the microbiome and health, as well as these chronic supposedly noncommunicable, immune/metabolic disorders. Importantly, the interplay between diet, microbiome and the mucous barrier in these diseases has gained significant attention. Diet modulates the mucous barrier via alterations in gut microbiota, resulting in either disease onset/exacerbation due to a “poor” diet or protection against disease with a “healthy” diet. In addition, many mucosa‐associated disorders possess a specific gut microbiome fingerprint associated with the composition of the mucous barrier, which is further influenced by host‐microbiome and inter‐microbial interactions, dietary choices, microbe immigration and antimicrobials. Our review focuses on the interactions of diet (macronutrients and micronutrients), gut microbiota and mucous barriers (gastrointestinal and respiratory tract) and their importance in the onset and/or progression of major immune/metabolic disorders. We also highlight the key mechanisms that could be targeted therapeutically to prevent and/or treat these disorders.

Almeida Silva, HJ, Barbosa, GM, Scattone Silva, R, Saragiotto, BT, Oliveira, JMP, Pinheiro, YT, Lins, CAA & de Souza, MC 2021, 'Dry cupping therapy is not superior to sham cupping to improve clinical outcomes in people with non-specific chronic low back pain: a randomised trial', Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 132-139.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Alonso Debreczeni, F & Bailey, PE 2021, 'A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Subjective Age and the Association With Cognition, Subjective Well-Being, and Depression', The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 471-482.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Objectives A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to quantify the degree to which subjective age is associated with cognition, subjective well-being, and depression. Method A systematic search was performed in three electronic social scientific databases, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science in May 2018. A manual forward and backward citation search of articles meeting the criteria for inclusion, including a mean participant age of 40+ years, was conducted in November 2019. Twenty-four independent data sets were included in the meta-analysis. Results Overall, a younger subjective age was related to enhanced subjective well-being and cognitive performance, and reduced depressive symptoms (r = .18). This association was stronger among collectivist (r = .24) than individualist (r = .16) cultures. Mean chronological age across samples (ranging from 55 to 83 years), type of subjective age scoring, and gender did not influence the strength of the overall association. Further analysis revealed that subjective age was individually associated with depressive symptoms (r = .20), subjective well-being (r = .17), and cognition (r = .14), and none had a stronger association with subjective age than the other. Discussion The results indicate a small yet significant association between subjective age and important developmental outcomes.

Amador-Fernández, N, Benrimoj, SI, García-Mochón, L, García-Cárdenas, V, Dineen-Griffin, S, Gastelurrutia, MÁ, Gómez-Martínez, JC, Colomer-Molina, V & Martínez-Martínez, F 2021, 'A cost utility analysis alongside a cluster-randomised trial evaluating a minor ailment service compared to usual care in community pharmacy', BMC Health Services Research, vol. 21, no. 1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Background Minor ailments are “self-limiting conditions which may be diagnosed and managed without a medical intervention”. A cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) was designed to evaluate the clinical, humanistic and economic outcomes of a Minor Ailment Service (MAS) in community pharmacy (CP) compared with usual care (UC). Methods The cRCT was conducted for 6 months from December 2017. The pharmacist-patient intervention consisted of a standardised face-to-face consultation on a web-based program using co-developed protocols, pharmacists’ training, practice change facilitators and patients’ educational material. Patients requesting a non-prescription medication (direct product request) or presenting minor ailments received MAS or UC and were followed-up by telephone 10-days after the consultation. The primary economic outcomes were incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) of the service and health related quality of life (HRQoL). Total costs included health system, CPs and patient direct costs: health professionals’ consultation time, medication costs, pharmacists’ training costs, investment of the pharmacy and consultation costs within the 10 days following the initial consultation. The HRQoL was obtained using the EuroQoL 5D-5L at the time of the consultation and at 10-days follow up. A sensitivity analysis was carried out using bootstrapping. There were two sub-group analyses undertaken, for symptom presentation and direct product requests, to evaluate possible differences. Results A total of 808 patients (323 MAS and 485 UC) were recruited in 27 CPs with 42 pharmacists (20 MAS and 22 UC). 6...

Andrews, S & Veldre, A 2021, 'Wrapping up Sentence Comprehension: The Role of Task Demands and Individual Differences', Scientific Studies of Reading, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 123-140.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Angel Gastelurrutiau, M, Isaac Benrimoj, S, Goyenechea, E, Garcia-Cardenas, V, Aizpurua, X & Martinez-Martinez, F 2021, 'Stakeholder views of the integration of community pharmacy and primary health care teams', PHARMACEUTICAL CARE ESPANA, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 33-44.

Arsenakis, S, Chatton, A, Penzenstadler, L, Billieux, J, Berle, D, Starcevic, V, Viswasam, K & Khazaal, Y 2021, 'Unveiling the relationships between cyberchondria and psychopathological symptoms', Journal of Psychiatric Research, vol. 143, pp. 254-261.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Cyberchondria is a clinical entity of excessive and repetitive online health-related searches, associated with health anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and intolerance of uncertainty. Its relationships with depressive and somatic symptoms have not yet received much attention. The purpose of this study was to examine the individual and comparative effects of several psychopathology constructs on the severity of cyberchondria. Through an online platform, participants (N = 749) completed specific self-report measures assessing the severity of cyberchondria, anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, depressive, somatic, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Standard and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to assess how well the independent variables influenced the levels of cyberchondria, before and after controlling for age, education, and sex. When measures of all constructs were included in the analysis, all were significant predictors of cyberchondria levels, except for anxiety. Health anxiety made the strongest contribution. When age, education and sex were controlled for, all measures except for anxiety were also significant predictors of cyberchondria severity. Our study confirms that health anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and intolerance of uncertainty are all associated with cyberchondria severity, with health anxiety making the strongest unique contribution. Depression and somatic symptoms also predicted cyberchondria severity. These findings have important implications for research and clinical practice.

Badawi, A, Steel, Z, Mahoney, C & Berle, D 2021, 'Feasibility of an adjunctive cognitive task in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder', Discover Psychology, vol. 1, no. 1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractVisuospatial cognitive tasks that influence memory reconsolidation may be of benefit in reducing intrusive memories for traumatic events when used as an adjunct to trauma-focused psychotherapy. We conducted a feasibility assessment of a protocol that involved the use of a visuospatial cognitive task, the Tetris intervention, alongside routine exposure-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants were inpatients attending for PTSD treatment at a psychiatric hospital. The Tetris intervention was administered on three occasions when imaginal exposure had formed part of the treatment session. Using a phone app, participants also monitored intrusive memories over a 3-week period. Feasibility outcomes were fully met for the demand, implementation, practicality and adaptability criteria. Only a single criterion was not met for each of the acceptability and implementation criteria. Limited-efficacy testing outcomes are also discussed. Overall, the findings from our feasibility study indicated viability of the protocol, which involved implementation of the Tetris intervention alongside routine exposure-based treatment for PTSD, in a clinical inpatient setting.

Bailey, PE, Ebner, NC & Stine-Morrow, EAL 2021, 'Introduction to the special issue on prosociality in adult development and aging: Advancing theory within a multilevel framework.', Psychology and Aging, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 1-9.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Prosociality refers to a broad set of behavioral, motivational, cognitive, affective, and social processes that contribute to, and/or are focused on, the welfare of others. This overview summarizes 10 articles included in the special issue on this topic. In discussing this research relative to existing theories, we situate this work within Penner et al.'s (Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 2005, 365-392) multilevel framework that recognizes distinct yet integrated levels of analysis to characterize micro- (i.e., intraindividual), meso- (i.e., interpersonal), and macro- (i.e., sociocultural and organizational contexts) level effects. While there is some evidence for lifespan continuity in prosocial dispositions at the micro level, the influences of long-term learning and socialization processes at the meso and macro levels are likely to be maximized in older age. Aside from formal voluteering, the adult lifespan development of prosociality has only recently received attention, especially with respect to influences beyond the micro level. This special issue encompasses research examining developmental change and stability in prosociality that collectively cuts across levels of analysis to inform theories in both adult development and aging and prosociality more generally. We propose future directions that take an integrative approach to understanding the development of prosociality by considering interactions among micro, meso, and macro levels. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Bailey, PE, Ebner, NC, Moustafa, AA, Phillips, JR, Leon, T & Weidemann, G 2021, 'The weight of advice in older age.', Decision, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 123-132.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Seeking advice from others may improve decision-making, particularly in older adults when cognitive decline can impair decision-making. This study measured the extent to which older adults rated the value of advice and used that advice in their decisions. Young (aged 18–37 years; n = 57) and older (aged 62–84 years; n = 56) adults completed a judge-advisor task incorporating advice from an expert and a novice. To capture interindividual differences in ratings of advice value and advice use (i.e., weight of advice), desire for autonomy, working memory, and fluid intelligence were assessed. Relative to young adults, older adults rated novice advice as being more valuable and were more likely to adjust their estimates based on expert and especially novice advice. Among older adults, poorer working memory and reduced preference for autonomous decision-making were associated with greater ratings of the value of novice advice, while better fluid intelligence was associated with increased ratings of the value of expert advice. Overall, older adults give more weight to advice and cognitive decline appears to compromise discrimination of the quality of that advice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

Baker, C, Rose, ML, Ryan, B & Worrall, L 2021, 'Barriers and facilitators to implementing stepped psychological care for people with aphasia: Perspectives of stroke health professionals', Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 581-593.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Background Concomitant aphasia and depression after stroke is highly prevalent, but there is a lack of psychological care in stroke rehabilitation for people with aphasia and family members. Evidence-based frameworks such as stepped psychological care may be viable, but the barriers and facilitators to translating this framework into aphasia rehabilitation practice are unknown. Aim The aim of this study was to identify, from the perspective of stroke health professionals, the barriers and facilitators to implementing stepped psychological care for depression after post-stroke aphasia. Method Five semi-structured focus groups of stroke health professionals were conducted (n = 39) across the stroke care continuum. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using Interpretive Description. Results Barriers and facilitators were identified within three core themes: knowledge, skills, and attitudes have the most impact on implementing stepped psychological care; the physical environment impacts on managing depression and communication disability for people with aphasia; and the support and leadership of the health organization influence change in any implementation of a stepped psychological care approach. Barriers included: no experience with stepped psychological care; limited understanding of aphasia and communication support; lack of adequate physical space and resources; lack of psychologists. Facilitators included: specialist training; enhancement of physical spaces; communication tools; leadership; funding; specialized staff. Conclusion Addressing the identified barriers and facilitators to stepped psychological care will improve the viability of implementing this evidence-based framework after post-stroke aphasia. Change may be driven through specialist training for health professionals in communication support; mood assessment and treatments; modification of physical space; and accessible resources.

Baker, C, Worrall, L, Rose, M & Ryan, B 2021, 'Stroke health professionals’ management of depression after post-stroke aphasia: a qualitative study', Disability and Rehabilitation, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 217-228.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Background: People with post-stroke aphasia commonly experience mental health conditions, with depression having a high prevalence. An understanding of current practice may inform ways to improve psychological care for people with aphasia.Aim: To explore current practice for managing depression after post-stroke aphasia from the perspective of stroke health professionals.Method: Five semi-structured focus groups were conducted with 39 stroke health professionals across the care continuum. Focus groups were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the method of Interpretive Description.Results: Analysis of verbatim transcripts revealed four core themes: (1) concomitant aphasia and depression after stroke is a challenging area of rehabilitation, (2) mood difficulties and depression are not always a high stroke rehabilitation priority, (3) approaches to identification and management are ad hoc, and (4) stroke health professionals are trying to bridge the gap between clients' psychological care needs and limited services. Sub-themes were also identified.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that health professionals are challenged by and limited in managing depression after post-stroke aphasia. Health professionals have the opportunity to improve services through the translation of evidence-based interventions. The integration of mental health care into stroke rehabilitation may be achieved through policy development, leadership and specialist training.Implications for rehabilitationPeople with aphasia need routine mood screening using aphasia-specific clinical tools and communication support.Stroke health professionals report a need for communication partner training to facilitate mental healthcare for people with aphasia.Family members need to be involved in aphasia rehabilitation to gain psychological care for themselves and the person with aphasia.

Baker, J, Barnett, C, Cavalli, L, Dietrich, M, Dixon, L, Duffy, JR, Elias, A, Fraser, DE, Freeburn, JL, Gregory, C, McKenzie, K, Miller, N, Patterson, J, Roth, C, Roy, N, Short, J, Utianski, R, van Mersbergen, M, Vertigan, A, Carson, A, Stone, J & McWhirter, L 2021, 'Management of functional communication, swallowing, cough and related disorders: consensus recommendations for speech and language therapy', Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, vol. 92, no. 10, pp. 1112-1125.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Communication problems (eg, dysphonia, dysfluency and language and articulation disorders), swallowing disorders (dysphagia and globus), cough and upper airway symptoms, resulting from functional neurological disorder (FND), are commonly encountered by speech and language professionals. However, there are few descriptions in the literature of the most effective practical management approaches. This consensus document aims to provide recommendations for assessment and intervention that are relevant to both adults and young people. An international panel of speech and language professionals with expertise in FND were approached to take part. Participants responded individually by email to a set of key questions regarding best practice for assessment and interventions. Next, a video conference was held in which participants discussed and debated the answers to these key questions, aiming to achieve consensus on each issue. Drafts of the collated consensus recommendations were circulated until consensus was achieved. FND should be diagnosed on the basis of positive clinical features. Speech and language therapy for FND should address illness beliefs, self-directed attention and abnormal movement patterns through a process of education, symptomatic treatment and cognitive behavioural therapy within a supportive therapeutic environment. We provide specific examples of these strategies for different symptoms. Speech and language professionals have a key role in the management of people with communication and related symptoms of FND. It is intended that these expert recommendations serve as both a practical toolkit and a starting point for further research into evidence-based treatments.

Bancroft, EK, Page, EC, Brook, MN, Thomas, S, Taylor, N, Pope, J, McHugh, J, Jones, A-B, Karlsson, Q, Merson, S, Ong, KR, Hoffman, J, Huber, C, Maehle, L, Grindedal, EM, Stormorken, A, Evans, DG, Rothwell, J, Lalloo, F, Brady, AF, Bartlett, M, Snape, K, Hanson, H, James, P, McKinley, J, Mascarenhas, L, Syngal, S, Ukaegbu, C, Side, L, Thomas, T, Barwell, J, Teixeira, MR, Izatt, L, Suri, M, Macrae, FA, Poplawski, N, Chen-Shtoyerman, R, Ahmed, M, Musgrave, H, Nicolai, N, Greenhalgh, L, Brewer, C, Pachter, N, Spigelman, AD, Azzabi, A, Helfand, BT, Halliday, D, Buys, S, Ramon y Cajal, T, Donaldson, A, Cooney, KA, Harris, M, McGrath, J, Davidson, R, Taylor, A, Cooke, P, Myhill, K, Hogben, M, Aaronson, NK, Ardern-Jones, A, Bangma, CH, Castro, E, Dearnaley, D, Dias, A, Dudderidge, T, Eccles, DM, Green, K, Eyfjord, J, Falconer, A, Foster, CS, Gronberg, H, Hamdy, FC, Johannsson, O, Khoo, V, Lilja, H, Lindeman, GJ, Lubinski, J, Axcrona, K, Mikropoulos, C, Mitra, AV, Moynihan, C, Ni Raghallaigh, H, Rennert, G, Collier, R, Offman, J, Kote-Jarai, Z, Eeles, RA, Adams, L, Adlard, J, Alfonso, R, Ali, S, Andrew, A, Araújo, L, Azam, N, Ball, D, Barker, Q, Basevitch, A, Benton, B, Berlin, C, Bermingham, N, Biller, L, Bloss, A, Bradford, M, Bradshaw, N, Branson, A, Brendler, C, Brennan, M, Bulman, B, Burgess, L, Cahill, D, Callard, A, Calvo Verges, N, Cardoso, M, Carter, V, Catanzaro, M, Chamberlain, A, Chapman, C, Chong, M, Clark, C, Clowes, V, Cogley, L, Cole, T, Compton, C, Conner, T, Cookson, S, Cornford, P, Costello, P, Coulier, L, Davies, M, Dechet, C, DeSouza, B, Devlin, G, Douglas, F, Douglas, E, Dudakia, D, Duncan, A, Ellery, N, Everest, S, Freemantle, S, Frydenberg, M, Fuller, D, Gabriel, C, Gale, M, Garcia, L, Gay, S, Genova, E, George, A, Georgiou, D, Gisbert, A, Gleeson, M, Glover, W, Gnanapragasam, V, Goff, S, Goldgar, D, Gonçalves, N, Goodman, S, Gorrie, J, Gott, H, Grant, A, Gray, C, Griffiths, J, Gupwell, K, Gurasashvili, J, Hanslien, E, Haraldsdottir, S, Hart, R, Hartigan, C, Hawkes, L, Heaton, T, Henderson, A, Henrique, R, Hilario, K, Hill, K, Hulick, P, Hunt, C, Hutchings, M, Ibitoye, R, Inglehearn, T, Ireland, J, Islam, F, Ismail, S, Jacobs, C, James, D, Jenkins, S, Jobson, I, Johnstone, A, Jones, O, Josefsberg Ben-Yehoshua, S, Kaemba, B, Kaul, K, Kemp, Z, Kinsella, N, Klehm, M, Kockelbergh, R, Kohut, K, Kosicka-Slawinska, M, Kulkarni, A & et al. 2021, 'A prospective prostate cancer screening programme for men with pathogenic variants in mismatch repair genes (IMPACT): initial results from an international prospective study', The Lancet Oncology, vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 1618-1631.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

BACKGROUND: Lynch syndrome is a rare familial cancer syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in the mismatch repair genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2, that cause predisposition to various cancers, predominantly colorectal and endometrial cancer. Data are emerging that pathogenic variants in mismatch repair genes increase the risk of early-onset aggressive prostate cancer. The IMPACT study is prospectively assessing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in men with germline mismatch repair pathogenic variants. Here, we report the usefulness of PSA screening, prostate cancer incidence, and tumour characteristics after the first screening round in men with and without these germline pathogenic variants. METHODS: The IMPACT study is an international, prospective study. Men aged 40-69 years without a previous prostate cancer diagnosis and with a known germline pathogenic variant in the MLH1, MSH2, or MSH6 gene, and age-matched male controls who tested negative for a familial pathogenic variant in these genes were recruited from 34 genetic and urology clinics in eight countries, and underwent a baseline PSA screening. Men who had a PSA level higher than 3·0 ng/mL were offered a transrectal, ultrasound-guided, prostate biopsy and a histopathological analysis was done. All participants are undergoing a minimum of 5 years' annual screening. The primary endpoint was to determine the incidence, stage, and pathology of screening-detected prostate cancer in carriers of pathogenic variants compared with non-carrier controls. We used Fisher's exact test to compare the number of cases, cancer incidence, and positive predictive values of the PSA cutoff and biopsy between carriers and non-carriers and the differences between disease types (ie, cancer vs no cancer, clinically significant cancer vs no cancer). We assessed screening outcomes and tumour characteristics by pathogenic variant status. Here we present results from the first round of PSA screening in the IMPACT ...

Bier, JD, Kuijer, MR, de Jong, A & Verhagen, A 2021, 'Improving the Predictive Validity of the Dutch STarT Back Tool', Physical Therapy, vol. 101, no. 11.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the predictive validity of the Dutch version of the STarT Back Tool (SBT) can be improved by (1) using other cut-off values, (2) changing the items, or (3) adding prognostic factors to the SBT. Design This was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study (PRINS study: Prevalence of Risk groups in Neck- and back pain patients according to the STarT back screening tool) in patients with low back or neck pain. Methods The predictive validity was calculated with a relative risk ratio and a Spearman correlation. The new cut-off values were calculated with receiver operating characteristic curves. Replacing items of the SBT and adding new items were assessed with logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 150 patients were included; 51% were categorized as having low risk, 39% as moderate risk, and 11% as high risk. Changing the cut-off total score to ≤2 and the subscore to ≥5 led to an improvement of the Spearman correlation and RR. Adding the item “duration of the complaints” improved the RR for moderate risk (3.6) (95% CI = 1.6–7.9) and for high risk (9.0) (95% CI = 4.2–19.1) compared with low risk. The new Spearman correlation was improved to rs = 0.37. Conclusion The predictive validity was improved by adding the item “duration of the complain...

Blake, HL, Verdon, S & McLeod, S 2021, 'Exploring multilingual speakers’ perspectives on their intelligibility in English', Speech, Language and Hearing, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 133-144.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Multilingual speakers’ ability to communicate effectively and intelligibly in the language of their country of residence is crucial to their participation. This study explored multilingual speakers’ motivations for improving their intelligibility in English and their perceptions of potential barriers and facilitators to enhancing intelligibility. Participants were multilingual students and staff at 14 Australian universities. Extended response data from 137 survey responses were combined with seven semi-structured interviews, thematically analyzed using the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a conceptual framework, and coded using NVivo software. Three overarching themes were: motivations, barriers, and facilitators. Themes that emerged under motivations were meeting their own and others’ expectations and career aspirations. Themes that emerged under barriers to intelligibility were lack of self-awareness of reduced English intelligibility, use of ineffective strategies (e.g., fast speech rate to disguise pronunciation difficulties), language differences, lack of opportunity to practise English, participants’ perceptions of others’ negative attitudes to their English skills, and challenging conversational partners. Facilitators to intelligibility were emotional support from others, beneficial strategies (e.g., confirming listener understanding), and opportunities to practice. The results highlight the importance of supporting multilingual speakers’ efforts to improve their English intelligibility. An environment with barriers such as lack of opportunity to practise English may restrict an individuals’ performance and participation, while facilitators such as support from others may increase participation. This study will inform the understanding of speech-language pathologists engaged in intelligibility enhancement, as well as SLPs working with multilingual speakers in any context.

Blake, HL, Verdon, S & McLeod, S 2021, 'Multilingual university students’ perceived English proficiency, intelligibility and participation', Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 145-169.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This paper reports on 137 multilingual students enrolled at 14 English-speaking Australian universities who completed a 27-item online survey investigating the relationship between perceived English proficiency, intelligibility, and their academic, social and vocational participation. Open-ended responses described strategies used to enhance spoken English. Participants came from 44 countries and spoke 49 home languages. Self-ratings of English communication skills were significantly affected by age, English experience, number of languages spoken and home language. Participants reported spoken English proficiency impacted participation; however, results highlighted lack of awareness of intelligibility as an essential component of spoken language proficiency. Although environmental factors (e.g. more time using English in conversations) were associated with higher self-ratings of proficiency, participants preferred using individual strategies (e.g. listening/repeating) to support English intelligibility rather than social interactions with native speakers. The results demonstrate the importance of conversation practice in language learning to increase proficiency and confidence, as well as participation. 

Bowman, SJ, Casey, LJ, McAloon, J & Wootton, BM 2021, 'Assessing gender dysphoria: A systematic review of patient-reported outcome measures.', Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 398-409.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Over the last decade the manner in which gender dysphoria is defined has changed significantly, as have the presentations of transgender clients to specialist gender services. While the use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to assess gender dysphoria is widespread, there is a lack of literature that assesses the methodological quality of these measures. To address the limits of the existing literature, the aim of the current study was to conduct a systematic review of PROMs that assess gender dysphoria. The systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA and COSMIN methodologies. Five measurement studies met inclusion criteria. Results suggested that none of the measures could be recommended for use without further development. Poor content validity was evident across all measures and internal validity and construct validity were mixed, ranging from ‘inadequate’ to ‘very good’. Measures that show promise for the future include the Gender Congruence and Life Satisfaction Scale, Gender Identity Reflection and Rumination Scale, Gender Pre-occupation and Stability Questionnaire, and Transgender Adaptation and Integration Measure. A need to develop reliable and valid measures that are appropriate for use with adolescent samples experiencing gender dysphoria was also identified.

Boyce, MJ, McCambridge, AB, Bradnam, LV, Canning, CG, Mahant, N, Chang, FCF, Fung, VSC & Verhagen, AP 2021, 'A cross-sectional study of walking, balance and upper limb assessment scales in people with cervical dystonia', Journal of Neural Transmission, vol. 128, no. 11, pp. 1663-1675.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Cervical dystonia (CD) is a neurological movement disorder causing the neck to move involuntarily away from the neutral position. CD is a network disorder, involving multiple brain areas and, therefore, may impair movement in parts of the body other than the neck. This study used clinical assessments to investigate walking, balance and upper limb function (UL) in people with CD; the reliability of scoring these assessments and examined for relationship between CD severity, usual exercise and clinical assessments. We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of participants with isolated, focal, idiopathic CD. Participants were assessed by experienced physiotherapists and completed three questionnaires and eight clinical assessments of fear of falling, balance confidence, walking, balance, UL function and usual exercise. Results were compared to published data from healthy adults and other neurological populations. Twenty-two people with mild to moderate CD participated. Fear of falling, gross UL function and usual exercise were worse in people with CD compared with healthy adults, while walking, balance and distal UL function were similar to healthy populations. All assessments were reliably performed by physiotherapists, and we found no correlations between the severity of dystonia or usual exercise and performance on the physical assessments. Routine performance of clinical assessment of walking and balance are likely not required in people with mild to moderate CD; however, fear of falling and gross upper limb function should be assessed to determine any problems which may be amenable to therapy.

Brady, B, Gonsalvez, C, Kneebone, II, Wufong, E & Bailey, PE 2021, 'Age-related differences in instructed positive reappraisal and mindful attention', Mindfulness, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 646-658.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The present study assessed age-related differences in the success of instructed mindful attention and positive reappraisal, as well as trait affect and emotion regulation. Methods: Young and older adults were instructed to regulate their emotions while viewing frightening and amusing films using three separate instructions (just watch, positive reappraisal, or mindful attention). Participants rated the strength of their experience of the target emotion (fear or amusement) and success in following the instruction to regulate. Electrodermal activity was recorded continuously, and facial electromyography measured positive and negative facial expression. Trait measures of affect and emotion regulation were also administered. Results: Electrodermal activity provided strong evidence that young adults successfully regulate fear using mindful attention and positive reappraisal relative to a just watch condition. Older adults’ electrodermal activity is was constant across conditions, and lower than young adults’ in the just watch condition, suggesting general hyporeactivity to fear. Subjective data suggest that young, but not older, adults successfully downregulate amusement using mindful attention. Conclusion: These findings provide some evidence for emotion regulation benefits in young relative to older age. However, these youthful benefits may reflect reduced initial reactivity among older adults.

Brassel, S, Power, E, Campbell, A, Brunner, M & Togher, L 2021, 'Recommendations for the Design and Implementation of Virtual Reality for Acquired Brain Injury Rehabilitation: Systematic Review', Journal of Medical Internet Research, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. e26344-e26344.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Background Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly being used for the assessment and treatment of impairments arising from acquired brain injuries (ABIs) due to perceived benefits over traditional methods. However, no tailored options exist for the design and implementation of VR for ABI rehabilitation and, more specifically, traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation. In addition, the evidence base lacks systematic reviews of immersive VR use for TBI rehabilitation. Recommendations for this population are important because of the many complex and diverse impairments that individuals can experience. Objective This study aims to conduct a two-part systematic review to identify and synthesize existing recommendations for designing and implementing therapeutic VR for ABI rehabilitation, including TBI, and to identify current evidence for using immersive VR for TBI assessment and treatment and to map the degree to which this literature includes recommendations for VR design and implementation. Methods This review was guided by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). A comprehensive search of 11 databases and gray literature was conducted in August 2019 and repeated in June 2020. Studies were included if they met relevant search terms, were peer-reviewed, were written in English, and were published between 2009 and 2020. Studies were reviewed to determine the level of evidence and methodological quality. For the first part, qualitative data were synthesized and categorized via meta-synthesis. For the second part, findings were analyzed and synthesized descriptively owing to the heterogeneity of data extracted from the included studies.

Brizuela Rodicio, L, Molinero, A, Amador Fernández, N, Escribano-Molinero, R, Prats Mas, R, Eyaralar Riera, T & Salar Ibáñez, L 2021, 'Servicio profesional farmacéutico de indicación farmacéutica en sequedad ocular utilizando el programa ‘I-VALOR’', Farmacéuticos Comunitarios, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 17-23.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Brodsky, MB, Freeman‐Sanderson, A & Brenner, MJ 2021, 'Voice, Swallow, and Airway Impairment After Late Tracheostomy: Defining Features of COVID‐19 Survivorship', The Laryngoscope, vol. 131, no. 7.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Brunner, M, Hemsley, B, Togher, L, Dann, S & Palmer, S 2021, 'Social Media and People With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Metasynthesis of Research Informing a Framework for Rehabilitation Clinical Practice, Policy, and Training', American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 19-33.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the experiences of people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and rehabilitation professionals in use of social media after TBI. Design Metasynthesis of a multilevel mixed-methods research design was used in the study. Method A qualitative metasynthesis of (a) evidence in the literature regarding the use of communication technologies and social media after TBI, (b) Twitter data and network analysis, (c) interviews with people with TBI ( n = 13), (d) focus groups with TBI rehabilitation professionals ( n = 11), and (e) a review of current guidance on safe use of social media was conducted. Results People with TBI adopt a trial-and-error approach to using social media. Their meaningful use and a sense of connection enable them to develop social media mastery. TBI rehabilitation professionals' concerns regarding potential risks associated with using social media might lead them to restrict social media use during rehabilitation. Conclusions Access to proactive training in social media use and a supportive network of rehabilitation professionals, family, and friends can enable people with TBI to develop social media mastery through working collaboratively on social media goals. This metasynthesis of research culminates in an evidence-based protocol for assessing and supporting a per...

Brunner, M, Togher, L, Palmer, S, Dann, S & Hemsley, B 2021, 'Rehabilitation professionals’ views on social media use in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: gatekeepers to participation', Disability and Rehabilitation, vol. 43, no. 14, pp. 1955-1964.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Purpose: Rehabilitation professionals support people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to return to meaningful participation in life and society - which now includes the use of social media. However, the role of health professionals in supporting the use of social media by adults with TBI is not yet known. This study aimed to investigate the experiences and views of rehabilitation professionals on the use of social media by people with TBI during rehabilitation.Method: Two focus groups were conducted and analysed qualitatively for content themes.Results: Eleven rehabilitation professionals, including allied health, recreational therapy, and service management, took part in this study. Participants identified potential benefits to people with TBI using social media, including reduced social isolation. However, they expressed concerns about social media risks relating to the vulnerability, exploitation, and reputation management for people with TBI. Rehabilitation professionals viewed their role as being to protect people from these risks of harm, either through imposing restrictions on social media use or responding to problems after these occurred.Conclusion: A knowledge translation approach might help guide and support rehabilitation professionals in enabling adults with TBI to safely access and experience the benefits of meaningful engagement in social media during rehabilitation.Implications for rehabilitationRehabilitation professionals can start addressing social media use during collaborative goal setting, in order to support people with traumatic brain injury to use social media successfully during rehabilitation and beyond. To do this, professionals can inquire as to the person's previous social media use and identify priority areas for the person for short- and long-term goals.Rehabilitation targeting social media use should include instruction for participation in social media platforms, providing education and feedback that is positive and co...

Bryant, L, Brunner, M, Power, E & Hemsley, B 2021, 'Content and network analysis of tweets tagged with #aphasia: an emergent community of practice', Aphasiology, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 1084-1102.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020, © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Background: A reduced quality of life for people with aphasia is in part associated with their loss of friendships and social networks. Twitter offers people with communication disability a way to exchange information, develop and maintain their social networks and connections, and participate in society online. However, little is known about how Twitter is used to exchange information about aphasia or to build communities online that might support people with aphasia in their communication goals. Aims: To examine the network data and content of tweets tagged with #aphasia to understand more about how Twitter is used by people with aphasia, aphasia organisations, aphasiologists, clinicians, and the public. Method: A Twitter hashtag study was conducted to locate tweets highly relevant to aphasia. A daily tweet capture using the Twitter search bar was conducted for one month, November 2018, searching for publicly available tweets tagged with aphasia-related hashtags. The tweets collected were analysed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Results: A sample of 2,519 tweets were included in the analysis. The sample comprised 865 original tweets and 1,654 retweets which included “quote tweets”, sent by 839 unique Twitter @Users. Tweet content reflected users discussing aphasia research, exchanging health information, advice and inspiration, providing personal stories, raising awareness about aphasia, and an emergent aphasia community online. Conclusion: The aphasia community in Twitter is relatively small compared to other communities focused on communication disability and is emergent in terms of its size and the strength of connections. The majority of people or organisations tweeting about aphasia, and hence influencing the network, were health professionals working in the field of aphasia. There was minimal conversational interaction evident. These results demonstrate that...

Bulsara, SM, Wainberg, ML, Rogers, K, McAloon, J, Grove, R & Newton-John, TRO 2021, 'The Role of Comorbidity on Retention in HIV Care', AIDS and Behavior, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 1532-1541.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Retention is a central component of the Cascade, facilitating monitoring of comorbidity. Country-specific definitions differ and may suit stable and functioning clients, while not appropriately classifying complex clinical presentations characterized by comorbidity. A retrospective file review of 363 people living with HIV attending a Sydney HIV clinic was conducted. Retention was compared with Australian (attendance once/12-months) and World Health Organization (attendance 'appropriate to need') recommendations to identify those attending according to the Australian definition, but not clinician recommendations (AUnotWHO). Multivariable logistic regression analyses determined the impact of age/sex and clinician-assessed comorbidity on retention. Most (97%) participants were considered retained according to the Australian definition, but only 56.7% according to clinician recommendations. Those with psychosocial comorbidity alone were less likely to be in the AUnotWHO group (OR 0.51, 95%CI 0.27-0.96, p = 0.04). The interaction of physical and psychosocial comorbidity was predictive of poor retention (Wald test: χ2 = 6.39, OR 2.39 [95% CI 1.15-4.97], p = 0.01), suggesting a syndemic relationship.

Butow, P, Müller, F, Napier, CE, Bartley, N, Ballinger, ML, Biesecker, B, Juraskova, I, Meiser, B, Schlub, TE, Thomas, DM, Goldstein, D & Best, MC 2021, 'Longitudinal patterns in fear of cancer progression in patients with rare, advanced cancers undergoing comprehensive tumour genomic profiling', Psycho-Oncology, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 1920-1929.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractIntroductionFear of cancer progression (FCP) impacts quality of life and is a prevalent unmet need in patients diagnosed with advanced cancer, particularly as treatment options are reduced. We aimed to identify longitudinal patterns in FCP over 6 months in patients with advanced cancer receiving comprehensive tumour genomic profiling (CTGP) results, and their correlates.MethodsPatients with pathologically confirmed metastatic disease (∼70% rare cancers) receiving or post their last line of standard therapy completed questionnaires at T0 (prior to CTGP), T1 (immediately post CTGP results) and T2 (2 months later).ResultsHigh stable (N = 52; 7.3%) and low/moderate stable (N = 56; 7.8%) FCP patterns over time typified the largest participant groups (N = 721). Those with an immediately actionable variant versus a non‐actionable variant (p = 0.045), with higher FCP (p < 0.001), and lower Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Spiritual Well‐being (FACIT‐Sp) scores (p = 0.006) at T0, had higher FCP at T1. Those with higher FCP at T0 (p < 0.001) and at T1 (p < 0.001), lower FACIT‐Sp scores at T1 (p = 0.001), lower education (p = 0.031) and female gender (p = 0.027) had higher FCP at T2.DiscussionRoutine screening for psychological/spiritual characteristics in those about to undergo CTGP may help to identify patients who may benefit from closer monitoring and provision of psychosocial support...

Carey, B, Onslow, M & O’Brian, S 2021, 'Natural recovery from stuttering for a clinical cohort of pre-school children who received no treatment', International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 48-56.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Purpose: The natural stuttering recovery rate by adulthood is high. Community cohort studies suggest a much lower rate during the first 18 months after onset, but this may be different for clinical cohorts of pre-school aged children. The present research and case presentations add to data reported by Franken et al. by investigating early natural recovery for a clinical cohort. Method: Participants were 16 pre-school children presenting to a clinic with stuttering onset 1–15 months earlier. The children were studied for a mean of 19.4 months (84.3 weeks) using parent report and clinician identification of stuttering from recorded conversations. The children received no treatment during the study. Data were obtained for each participant and are presented graphically. Result: Experienced speech-language pathologists detected stuttering in the recordings of 3 of 4 children identified as recovered by their parents. Only 1 of the 16 children (6.3%) was confirmed as recovered. Conclusion: There is no reason to believe that the early natural recovery rate for clinically presenting children is different from community cohorts. Parent report of natural recovery during the pre-school years needs to be confirmed by clinician observation of the child’s speech; otherwise, there is risk of harmful false negative identification. The present data support the Yairi et al. different recovery pathways for children who stutter.

Cartwright, C, Hayes, JA, Yang, Y & Shires, A 2021, '“Thinking it through”: toward a model of reflective practice for trainee psychologists’ countertransference reactions', Australian Psychologist, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 168-180.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Objective: Understanding and managing countertransference (CT) is challenging for therapists and more so for trainees. This study aimed to understand more about trainees’ experiences of CT; and to consider the usefulness for reflective practice of a five component model of CT (origins, triggers, manifestations, effects, and management) and the importance of feedback. Method: Trainee psychologists in Australia and New Zealand took part in a CT training and were invited to take part in the study. Trainees were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 conditions in which they received regular feedback or feedback at the end of the study. Nineteen trainees completed 93 reflective logs. Data from the logs were analysed using thematic analyses. Results: Most trainees perceived their CT originated from formative experiences and personality qualities and were triggered by client concerns and behaviours. They described a wide range of CT manifestations; and perceived the effects of CT as mainly negative. More trainees in the regular feedback condition, compared to post-completion, engaged with the activity. However, there was no difference in themes that emerged in the two groups. Conclusions: The five-component model of CT provides a method for reflecting on CT and could be used to enhance trainees’ reflective practice. Key Points What is already known about this topic: (1)Little is known about trainee psychologists’ experiences of countertransference although there is evidence that trainees experience difficulties understanding and managing their countertransference reactions. (2)Understanding and managing countertransference supports positive therapy outcomes. (3)Hayes’ (1995) model of countertransference proposes five components–origins, triggers, manifestations, effects, and management. What this paper adds: (1)The study provides greater insight into trainees’ views of the five components of countertransference. (2)Hayes’ (1995) model of countertransference appears to p...

Caruana, N & Seymour, K 2021, 'Bottom-up processing of fearful and angry facial expressions is intact in schizophrenia', Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 183-198.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Casey, LJ, Bowman, SJ, Power, E, McAloon, J & Wootton, BM 2021, 'A cognitive-behavioral exploration of the psychological impact of the Australian Marriage Law postal survey: A reflexive thematic analysis.', Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 91-102.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Caynes, K, Rose, TA, Burmester, D, Ware, RS & Johnston, LM 2021, 'Reproducibility and validity of the Functional Communication Classification System for young children with cerebral palsy', Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, vol. 63, no. 7, pp. 866-873.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AimTo examine interrater agreement and validity of the Functional Communication Classification System (FCCS) for young children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 2 or 3 years.MethodSpeech‐language pathologist (SLP) and parent FCCS ratings for 31 children with CP (aged 2y, n=16; aged 3y, n=15; 18 males, 13 females) were examined for interrater agreement using a weighted Cohen’s kappa statistic. Relationships between FCCS (SLP) ratings and: (1) concurrent validity with the Language Use Inventory, a standardized pragmatic assessment for children aged 18 to 47 months, (2) gross motor and fine motor function, (3) associated impairments (visual and intellectual), and (4) primary expressive communication mode were examined using Spearman’s correlation coefficients.ResultsAlmost perfect interrater agreement between SLP and parent FCCS ratings were found (kw=0.94). Correlations with FCCS (SLP) were excellent for pragmatic function (rs=−0.83, p<0.001), intellectual function (rs=0.89, p<0.001), and primary expressive communication mode (rs=0.92, p<0.001). Correlations were good for gross motor function (rs=0.72, p<0.001) and visual impairment (rs=0.70, p<0.001) and fair for fine motor function (rs=0.53, p<0.002). Analysis was unwarranted for e...

Chan, PA, Lewis, KL, Biesecker, BB, Erby, LH, Fasaye, G, Epps, S, Biesecker, LG & Turbitt, E 2021, 'Preferences for and acceptability of receiving pharmacogenomic results by mail: A focus group study with a primarily African‐American cohort', Journal of Genetic Counseling, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 1582-1590.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractAlthough genetic counseling is traditionally done through in‐person, one‐on‐one visits, workforce shortages call for efficient result return mechanisms. Studies have shown that telephone and in‐person return of cancer genetic results are equivalent for patient outcomes. Few studies have been conducted with other modes, result types or racially diverse participants. This study explored participants’ perspectives on receiving pharmacogenomic results by mail. Two experienced moderators facilitated six focus groups with 49 individuals who self‐identified primarily as African‐American and consented to participate in a genome sequencing cohort study. Participants were given a hypothetical pharmacogenomic result report (positive for c.521T>C in SLCO1B1). An accompanying letter explained that the result was associated with statin intolerance along with a recommendation to share it with one's doctor and immediate relatives. Participants reacted to the idea of receiving this type of result by mail, discussing whether the letter's information was sufficient and what they predicted they would do with the result. Two researchers coded the focus group transcripts and identified themes. Many participants thought that it was appropriate to receive the result through the mail, but some suggested a phone call alerting the recipient to the letter. Others emphasized that although a letter was acceptable for disclosing pharmacogenomic results, it would be insufficient for what they perceived as life‐threatening results. Most participants found the content sufficient. Some participants suggested resources about statin intolerance and warning signs be added. Most claimed they would share the result with their doctor, yet few participants offered they would share the result with their relatives. This exploratory study advances the evidence that African‐American research participants are receptive to return ...

Chang, K-YJ, Rogers, K, Lung, T, Shih, S, Huang-Lung, J & Keay, L 2021, 'Population-Based Projection of Vision-Related Disability in Australia 2020 – 2060: Prevalence, Causes, Associated Factors and Demand for Orientation and Mobility Services', Ophthalmic Epidemiology, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 516-525.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

PURPOSE: To project the prevalence, causes, associated factors of vision-related disability and demand for orientation and mobility (O&M) services in Australia from 2020 to 2060. METHODS: The age-specific prevalence and main causes of vision-related disability were estimated based on primary data of 74,862 participants in 2015 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors for the outcome variables including vision-related disability, cataract, macular degeneration and glaucoma. Future prevalence of vision-related disability and demand for O&M services were forecasted using the population projections by the Australian Bureau of Statistics through 2060. RESULTS: The main causes of vision-related disability are non-specific sight loss, cataracts, macular degeneration and glaucoma. Health-related associations for vision-related disability are older age, having a history of stroke, having diabetes, depression, heart disease and hearing impairment. The number of Australians with vision-related disability (283,650, 1.10%) and demand for O&M services (123,317, 0.48%) in 2020 will increase to 559,161 (1.38%) and 237,694 (0.59%) respectively in 2060. CONCLUSIONS: The number of people with vision-related disability and in need of O&M services in Australia will grow exponentially over the coming decades. General health promotion and specific strategies of early detection and timely treatments of the major eye diseases may ameliorate the trend in vision-related disability.

Charters, E, Wu, R, Milross, C, Bogaardt, H, Freeman‐Sanderson, A, Ballard, K, Davies, S, Oates, J & Clark, J 2021, 'Swallowing and communication outcomes following primary transoral robotic surgery', Head & Neck, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 2013-2023.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractBackgroundHeterogeneity within studies examining transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) has made it challenging to make clear conclusions on functional outcomes. Infrequent use of instrumental swallow examinations compounds uncertainty surrounding the proposed functional advantage to TORS.MethodsA prospective cohort of 49 patients underwent speech and swallowing assessment 12 months following treatment for OPC. Patients were assessed using fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), clinician‐ and patient‐reported outcomes. Participants were matched according to tumor site, T category, and age. Speech and swallowing outcomes were compared for those receiving TORS versus chemoradiation.ResultsWhen adjuvant radiotherapy to the primary site could be avoided, TORS demonstrated an advantage for feeding tube duration, secretion severity, penetration/aspiration, M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), and airway protection.ConclusionThis explorative study suggests that a treatment philosophy of selecting patients for TORS where adjuvant therapy can be omitted or confined to the neck warrants further evaluation.

Charters, EK, Bogaardt, H, Freeman‐Sanderson, AL, Ballard, KJ, Davies, S, Oates, J & Clark, J 2021, 'Early fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallow in transoral robotic surgery: Description of swallow function and recovery in the acute postoperative period for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma', Head & Neck, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 116-127.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractBackgroundTransoral robotic surgery (TORS) is a minimally invasive approach for the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer. The effects on swallowing and speech need to be comprehensively evaluated to understand the associated morbidity.MethodsA prospective cohort of 21 patients was recruited to undergo pre‐TORS and post‐TORS swallowing and communication assessment. Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) was used in the first postoperative week.ResultsSixteen participants (76.2%) had penetration‐aspiration scores ≥3 or higher, seven (33.3%) aspirated on thin liquids, three (14.3%) did so silently. Prolonged recovery trajectory occurred for the majority of the cohort, particularly if TORS was followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Swallowing and communication scores were significantly worse in base of tongue primary tumors and with advanced age.ConclusionEarly FEES demonstrates a significant decline in swallowing function, including increased secretion load, pharyngeal residue, laryngeal penetration, and aspiration. Silent aspiration occurred in 14% and thus highlights the necessity for instrumental assessment to ascertain aspiration risk.

Chong, WC, Shastri, MD, Peterson, GM, Patel, RP, Pathinayake, PS, Dua, K, Hansbro, NG, Hsu, AC, Wark, PA, Shukla, SD, Johansen, MD, Schroder, K & Hansbro, PM 2021, 'The complex interplay between endoplasmic reticulum stress and the NLRP3 inflammasome: a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory disorders', Clinical & Translational Immunology, vol. 10, no. 2, p. e1247.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractInflammation is the result of a complex network of cellular and molecular interactions and mechanisms that facilitate immune protection against intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, particularly pathogens, to maintain homeostasis and promote tissue healing. However, dysregulation in the immune system elicits excess/abnormal inflammation resulting in unintended tissue damage and causes major inflammatory diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, sarcoidosis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is now widely accepted that both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammasomes play critical roles in activating inflammatory signalling cascades. Notably, evidence is mounting for the involvement of ER stress in exacerbating inflammasome‐induced inflammatory cascades, which may provide a new axis for therapeutic targeting in a range of inflammatory disorders. Here, we comprehensively review the roles, mechanisms and interactions of both ER stress and inflammasomes, as well as their interconnected relationships in inflammatory signalling cascades. We also discuss novel therapeutic strategies that are being developed to treat ER stress‐ and inflammasome‐related inflammatory disorders.

Chow, CK, Atkins, ER, Hillis, GS, Nelson, MR, Reid, CM, Schlaich, MP, Hay, P, Rogers, K, Billot, L, Burke, M, Chalmers, J, Neal, B, Patel, A, Usherwood, T, Webster, R, Rodgers, A, Hung, A, Edison, A, Abraham, AE, Xu, D, Bloch, MT, Figtree, G, Nolde, JM, Black, A, Jansen, S, Biswas, S, Ajani, AE, Carnagarin, R, Wynne, D, Altman, M, Thakkar, J, Thiagalingam, A & Klimis, H 2021, 'Initial treatment with a single pill containing quadruple combination of quarter doses of blood pressure medicines versus standard dose monotherapy in patients with hypertension (QUARTET): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled trial', The Lancet, vol. 398, no. 10305, pp. 1043-1052.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

BACKGROUND: Treatment inertia is a recognised barrier to blood pressure control, and simpler, more effective treatment strategies are needed. We hypothesised that a hypertension management strategy starting with a single pill containing ultra-low-dose quadruple combination therapy would be more effective than a strategy of starting with monotherapy. METHODS: QUARTET was a multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group, randomised, phase 3 trial among Australian adults (≥18 years) with hypertension, who were untreated or receiving monotherapy. Participants were randomly assigned to either treatment, that started with the quadpill (containing irbesartan at 37·5 mg, amlodipine at 1·25 mg, indapamide at 0·625 mg, and bisoprolol at 2·5 mg) or an indistinguishable monotherapy control (irbesartan 150 mg). If blood pressure was not at target, additional medications could be added in both groups, starting with amlodipine at 5 mg. Participants were randomly assigned using an online central randomisation service. There was a 1:1 allocation, stratified by site. Allocation was masked to all participants and study team members (including investigators and those assessing outcomes) except the manufacturer of the investigational product and one unmasked statistician. The primary outcome was difference in unattended office systolic blood pressure at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included blood pressure control (standard office blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg), safety, and tolerability. A subgroup continued randomly assigned allocation to 12 months to assess long-term effects. Analyses were per intention to treat. This trial was prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12616001144404, and is now complete. FINDINGS: From June 8, 2017, to Aug 31, 2020, 591 participants were recruited, with 743 assessed for eligibility, 152 ineligible or declined, 300 participants randomly assigned to intervention of initial quadpill treatment, and 291 ...

Ciria, LF, Watson, P, Vadillo, MA & Luque, D 2021, 'Is the habit system altered in individuals with obesity? A systematic review', Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, vol. 128, pp. 621-632.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Clarke, A, Meredith, PJ & Rose, TA 2021, 'Interpersonal Trust Reported by Adolescents Living with Mental Illness: A Scoping Review', Adolescent Research Review, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 165-198.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Cochran, BJ, Ong, K-L, Manandhar, B & Rye, K-A 2021, 'APOA1: a Protein with Multiple Therapeutic Functions', Current Atherosclerosis Reports, vol. 23, no. 3, p. 11.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Apolipoprotein (APO) A1, the main apolipoprotein of plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), has several well documented cardioprotective functions. A number of additional potentially beneficial functions of APOA1 have recently been identified. This review is concerned with the therapeutic potential of all of these functions in multiple disease states. RECENT FINDINGS: Knowledge of the beneficial functions of APOA1 in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, diabetes, cancer, and neurological disorders is increasing exponentially. These insights have led to the development of clinically relevant peptides and APOA1-containing, synthetic reconstituted HDL (rHDL) preparations that mimic the functions of full-length APOA1. APOA1 is a multifunctional apolipoprotein that has therapeutic potential in several diseases. Translation of this knowledge into the clinic is likely to be dependent on the efficacy and bioavailability of small peptides and synthetic rHDL preparations that are currently under investigation, or in development.

Cohen, R, Newton-John, T & Slater, A 2021, 'The case for body positivity on social media: Perspectives on current advances and future directions', Journal of Health Psychology, vol. 26, no. 13, pp. 2365-2373.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In recent years, the body-positive movement has emerged on social media and has generated both support and criticism in pop-cultural discourse. We review the potential benefits and disadvantages of ‘body positivity’ on social media in light of theory and the available research. Based on the early evidence showing potential benefits of engaging with body-positive content on social media for positive body image, a case is made in support of this emerging content. Nevertheless, recommendations are made for future research with an emphasis on experimental and longitudinal investigations of actual health outcomes of engaging with body positivity on social media and clarification of the potential relationship between body positivity and objectification.

Cousens, NE, Tiller, J, Meiser, B, Barlow-Stewart, K, Rowley, S, Ko, Y-A, Mahale, S, Campbell, IG, Kaur, R, Bankier, A, Burnett, L, Jacobs, C, James, PA, Trainer, A, Neil, S, Delatycki, MB & Andrews, L 2021, 'Evaluation of two population screening programmes for BRCA1/2 founder mutations in the Australian Jewish community: a protocol paper', BMJ Open, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. e041186-e041186.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

IntroductionPeople of Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) ancestry are more likely than unselected populations to have a BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant, which cause a significantly increased risk of breast, ovarian and prostate cancer. Three specific BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants, referred to as BRCA-Jewish founder mutations (B-JFM), account for >90% of BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants in people of AJ ancestry. Current practice of identifying eligible individuals for BRCA testing based on personal and/or family history has been shown to miss at least 50% of people who have one of these variants. Here we describe the protocol of the JeneScreen study—a study established to develop and evaluate two different population-based B-JFM screening programmes, offered to people of Jewish ancestry in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia.Methods and analysisTo rmeasure the acceptability of population-based B-JFM screening in Australia, two screening programmes using different methodologies have been developed. The Sydney JeneScreen programme provides information and obtains informed consent by way of an online tool. The Melbourne JeneScreen programme does this by way of community sessions attended in person. Participants complete questionnaires to measure clinical and psychosocial outcomes at baseline, and for those who have testing, 2 weeks postresult. Participants who decline testing are sent a questionnaire regarding reasons for declining. Participants with a B-JFM are sent questionnaires 12-month and 24-month post-testing. The questionnaires incorporate validated scales, which measure anxiety, decisional conflict and regret, and test-related distress and positive experiences, and other items specifically developed or adapted for the study. These measur...

Crespo-Gonzalez, C, Benrimoj, SI, Scerri, M & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2021, 'Community pharmacists’ perspectives about the sustainability of professional pharmacy services: A qualitative study', Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 181-190.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Objective

Pharmacists have been increasing patient-focused care through the implementation and provision of professional services. However, there is a lack of evidence on how to achieve long-term sustainability of the service once it is implemented. A framework identifying the factors affecting the sustainability of professional pharmacy services was developed. The objectives of this study were to explore the experiences of community pharmacists providing professional services to contextualize and assess the applicability in practice of the sustainability framework.

Methods

A qualitative study was undertaken across Australia. Community pharmacists were identified using snowball sampling. Data were collected through semistructured interviews. Eighteen interviews were conducted and analyzed using framework methodology in NVivo 12 (QSR International).

Results

A range of major sustainability factors was identified and organized in social, economic, and environmental domains. In the social domain, most of the interviewees stated the importance of motivating staff to increase service promotion and patients' demand. Most of the participants emphasized that having an adequate number of trained staff is required to enhance and maintain services over time. The perceived reluctance of some patients to spend more time than usual at the community pharmacy was another factor highlighted as affecting service sustainability. In the economic domain, the concern about lack of remuneration for service provision was highlighted by most of the interviewees. Having economic support was seen as essential for achieving sustainable services. In the environmental domain, the necessity of government recognition of the pharmacists' role and value to the health care system was identified as a new key sustainability driver.

Conclusion

The applicability of the framework for the sustainability of professional services was evaluated in practice. The identif...

Crook, A, Jacobs, C, Newton-John, T, Richardson, E & McEwen, A 2021, 'Patient and Relative Experiences and Decision-making About Genetic Testing and Counseling for Familial ALS and FTD', Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 374-385.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Genetic testing and counseling is an emerging part of care for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and their families. This scoping review aimed to map patients’ and relatives’ experiences of genetic testing and counseling for familial ALS and FTD and the factors influencing their decision to proceed with testing or counseling. Informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, 5 databases were systematically searched. Thirty studies from 39 references were included. A descriptive numerical summary analysis and narrative synthesis was conducted. Mostly positive diagnostic testing experiences were reported, but issues arose due to progressive disease and discordant results. Predictive testing impacted at-risk relatives, regardless of the result received, and psychosocial sequelae ranged from relief to guilt, worry or contemplating suicide. Four reproductive testing experiences were reported. Personal, familial and practical factors, and the lived experience of disease, informed decision-making. Greater uncertainty and complexity may be faced in familial ALS/FTD than in other late-onset neurodegenerative diseases due to clinical and genetic heterogeneity, and testing limitations. Genetic counseling models of care should consider this difference to ensure that individuals with, or at risk of, ALS/FTD are effectively managed. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Crothers, E, Kennedy, DS, Emmanuel, S, Molan, N, Scott, S, Rogers, K, Glanville, AR & Ntoumenopoulos, G 2021, 'Incidence of early diaphragmatic dysfunction after lung transplantation: results of a prospective observational study', Clinical Transplantation, vol. 35, no. 9, p. e14409.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractBackgroundDiaphragmatic dysfunction is common after cardiothoracic surgery, but few studies report its incidence and consequences after lung transplantation. We aimed to estimate the incidence of diaphragmatic dysfunction using ultrasound in lung transplant patients up to 3 months postoperatively and evaluated the impact on clinical outcomes.MethodsThis was a single‐center prospective observational cohort study of 27 lung transplant recipients using diaphragmatic ultrasound preoperatively, at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Diaphragmatic dysfunction was defined as excursion < 10 mm in men and < 9 mm in women during quiet breathing. Clinical outcomes measured included duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay (LOS) in Intensive Care (ICU), and hospital LOS.ResultsSixty‐two percentage of recipients experienced new, postoperative diaphragmatic dysfunction, but the prevalence fell to 22% at 3 months. No differences in clinical outcomes were found between those with diaphragmatic dysfunction compared to those without. Patients who experienced diaphragmatic dysfunction at 1 day postoperatively were younger and had a lower BMI than those who did not.ConclusionsDiaphragmatic dysfunction is common after lung transplant, improves significantly within 3 months, and did not impact negatively on duration of mechanical ventilation, LOS in ICU or hospital, or discharge destination.

Cullen, P, Möller, H, Woodward, M, Senserrick, T, Boufous, S, Rogers, K, Brown, J & Ivers, R 2021, 'Are there sex differences in crash and crash-related injury between men and women? A 13-year cohort study of young drivers in Australia', SSM - Population Health, vol. 14, pp. 100816-100816.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Dahm, MR, Georgiou, A, Balandin, S, Hill, S & Hemsley, B 2021, 'Health Information and the Quality and Safety of Care for People With Disability: An Analysis of Australian Reports of Reviewable Deaths in Residential Care', Journal of Patient Safety, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. e1559-e1575.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Objective Many Australians with disability live in residential care and require assistance to manage their health information across hybrid care settings encompassing residential care, primary and tertiary care, and allied health. In this study, we examined case study reports on people with disability living in residential care in New South Wales, Australia to (a) identify threats to the quality of care and safety for this vulnerable patient group in relation to health documentation and information infrastructure and (b) evaluate the applicability of a conceptual health information infrastructure model. Methods All 99 case studies were extracted from eight New South Wales Ombudsmen reports of reviewable deaths for a directed content analysis applying a conceptual model of health information infrastructure in residential care. Results Ninety-one percent of case studies (n = 90) contained information relation to documentation. Forty-seven percent of case studies (n = 47) linked failures in documentation to risk of death, and 12% (n = 12) described best practice use of documentation. Threats to quality of care and safety related to poor “coordination” of information, including information not being implemented, poor “communication” across services, and discrepancies between “policy and practice” in health management. Conclusions The conceptual model demonstrated how “coordination” and “communication” of health information relate to tensions between “policy and practice,” influencing the saf...

Daniels, B, Luckett, T, Holliday, S, Liauw, W, Lovell, M, Phillips, J, Rowett, D, John, TN, Tervonen, H & Pearson, S 2021, 'Patterns of oxycodone controlled release use in older people with cancer following public subsidy of oxycodone/naloxone formulations: An Australian population‐based study', Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 68-78.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractAimPublic subsidy of the oxycodone/naloxone controlled release (CR) combination in December 2011 expanded the overall market for oxycodone CR in the general public in Australia; we evaluate its impact in people with cancer.MethodsWe used Repatriation Pharmaceutical Benefits dispensing data linked with the NSW Cancer Registry for Department of Veterans’ Affairs (DVA) healthcare card holders 65 years and older residing in NSW between 2004 and 2013 to identify clients with cancer and their opioid dispensings. We used interrupted time series analysis to model changes in monthly rates of oxycodone CR tablets dispensed and initiations. We performed a retrospective cohort study to examine changes in client characteristics and opioid utilization over time by comparing clients initiating oxycodone CR before and after subsidy.ResultsThe rate of oxycodone CR tablets dispensed/month increased by 20% from December 2011, due to uptake of the oxycodone/naloxone CR combination; monthly initiations increased immediately by 17%. Initiations of buprenorphine, fentanyl, and morphine declined from December 2011. DVA healthcare card holders were significantly more likely to initiate the 5 mg oxycodone CR formulation; more likely to use immediate release oxycodone in the 90 days following initiation; and less likely to use a weak opioid in the 90 days preceding oxycodone CR initiation following December 2011 than they were prior to that time.ConclusionsThe public subsidy of the oxycodone/naloxone CR formulation expanded the overall oxycodone CR market for DVA healthcare card holders with cancer. Our findings highlight the need for updated guidelines around risk management for opioid treatment in patients with cancer...

Dawoud, D, Chen, AMH, Rossing, CV, Garcia-Cardenas, V, Law, AV, Aslani, P, Bates, I, Babar, Z-U-D & Desselle, S 2021, 'Pharmacy practice research priorities during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations of a panel of experts convened by FIP Pharmacy Practice Research Special Interest Group', Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1903-1907.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Across the globe, pharmacists on the frontline continue to fight COVID-19 and its continuously evolving physical, mental, and economic consequences armed by their knowledge, professionalism, and dedication. Their need for credible scientific evidence to inform their practice has never been more urgent. Despite the exponentially increasing number of publications since the start of the pandemic, questions remain unanswered, and more are created, than have been resolved by the increasing number of publications. A panel of leading journal editors was convened by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Pharmacy Practice Research Special Interest Group to discuss the current status of COVID-19 related research, provide their recommendations, and identify focal points for pharmacy practice, social pharmacy, and education research moving forward. Key priorities identified spanned a wide range of topics, reflecting the need for good quality research to inform practice and education. The panel insisted that a foundation in theory and use of rigorous methods should continue forming the basis of inquiry and its resultant papers, regardless of topic area. From assessing the clinical and cost effectiveness of COVID-19 therapies and vaccines to assessing different models of pharmaceutical services and education delivery, these priorities will ensure that our practice is informed by the best quality scientific evidence at this very challenging time.

de Oliveira Lima, L, Saragiotto, BT, Costa, LOP, Nogueira, LC, Meziat-Filho, N & Reis, FJJ 2021, 'Self-Guided Web-Based Pain Education for People With Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis', Physical Therapy, vol. 101, no. 10.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of web-based pain education programs without clinical support in patients with musculoskeletal pain. Methods PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to February 2020. Included studies were randomized clinical trials in which people with musculoskeletal pain were allocated to an experimental group that received web-based pain education as a standalone approach. Three review authors performed data extraction. The PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. The primary outcomes were pain intensity and disability. Results Six trials with a total of 1664 participants were included. There is moderate-quality evidence with a small effect size that web-based pain education programs, as a standalone approach, are better than minimal intervention (no intervention or booklets) for pain intensity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.23; 95% CI = −0.43 to −0.04) in the short term and intermediate term (SMD = −0.26; 95% CI = −0.42 to −0.10). Regarding disability, there is low-quality evidence that web-based pain education programs are better than minimal intervention (SMD = −0.36; 95% CI = −0.64 to −0.07) in the short term. Web-based pain education added to usual care was no better than usual care alone in the intermediate or long term for primary outcomes. Conclusions ...

Dedousis-Wallace, A, Drysdale, SA, McAloon, J & Ollendick, TH 2021, 'Parental and Familial Predictors and Moderators of Parent Management Treatment Programs for Conduct Problems in Youth', Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 92-119.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Despite the established efficacy of Parent Management Training (PMT) for conduct problems in youth, evidence suggests that up to half of all treated youth still display clinical levels of disruptive behavior post-treatment. The reasons for these unsatisfactory outcomes are poorly understood. The aim of the present review was to provide an updated analysis of studies from the past 15 years that examined parental and familial predictors and moderators of improvement in PMT for conduct problems. A systematic literature review of indicated prevention (children with conduct problem symptoms) and intervention (children with clinical diagnoses) studies published between 2004 and 2019 was conducted. This 15-year time period was examined since the last systematic reviews were reported in 2006 and summarized studies completed through mid-2004 (see Lundahl et al. in Clin Psychol Rev 26(1):86-104, 2006; Reyno and McGrath in J Child Psychol Psychiatry 47(1):99-111, 2006). Risk of bias indices was also computed (see Higgins et al. in Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0), University of Bristol, Bristol, 2016) in our review. A total of 21 studies met inclusion criteria. Results indicated that a positive parent-child relationship was most strongly associated with better outcomes; however, little additional consistency in findings was evident. Future PMT research should routinely examine predictors and moderators that are both conceptually and empirically associated with treatment outcomes. This would further our understanding of factors that are associated with poorer treatment outcome and inform the development of treatment components or modes of delivery that might likely enhance evidence-based treatments and our clinical science. Protocol Registration Number: PROSPERO CRD42017058996.

Dineen-Griffin, S, Benrimoj, SI, Williams, KA & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2021, 'Co-design and feasibility of a pharmacist-led minor ailment service', BMC Health Services Research, vol. 21, no. 1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Background Community pharmacies provide an appropriate setting to deliver minor ailment services (MASs). Many community pharmacy services have been developed previously without stakeholder involvement. As a result, implementation of services may fail to produce the expected impact. The aim of this research was to co-design and test the feasibility of an Australian MAS for minor ailment presentations. Methods This study used co-design methodology which included two phases: (1) a focus group with stakeholders to allow the conceptualization of the service and agreement on service elements; (2) a literature review of clinical guidelines and three working meetings with a team of editors and general practitioners for the development of treatment pathways. Following this, a study evaluating the feasibility of the co-designed service was undertaken. The qualitative part of the methodology associated with the feasibility study comprised semi-structured interviews with MAS pharmacists, observation and completion of a tool by change facilitators identifying barriers and facilitators to service delivery. Qualitative data obtained for all phases were analysed using thematic analysis. Results The developed service included the following components: (i) an in-pharmacy consultation between the patient and pharmacist, (ii) treatment pathways accessible to pharmacists on the internet to guide consultations, (iii) existing digital communication systems used by general practice to exchange patient information, (iv) training, and (v) change facilitation. As a result of feasibility testing, twenty-six implementation factors were identified for practice...

Dive, L 2021, 'From a Right to a Preference: Rethinking the Right to Genomic Ignorance', The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 605-629.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractThe “right not to know” has generated significant discussion, especially regarding genetic information. In this paper, I argue that this purported right is better understood as a preference and that treating it as a substantive right has led to confusion. To support this claim, I present three critiques of the way the right not to know has been characterized. First, I demonstrate that the many conceptualizations of this right have hampered debate. Second, I show that the way autonomy is conceptualized in this literature is also problematic. Third, I examine the notion of a right in more detail, to support my third critique: that the right to know and the right not to know genetic information are often erroneously treated as having equivalent status. On my understanding, the claim being made is better thought of as a preference, not a right, and a preference not to know certain information becomes only one of several considerations relevant to medical decision making.

Dive, L & Newson, AJ 2021, 'Ethical issues in reproductive genetic carrier screening', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 214, no. 4, pp. 165-165.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Dive, L & Newson, AJ 2021, 'Ethics of Reproductive Genetic Carrier Screening: From the Clinic to the Population', Public Health Ethics, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 202-217.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractReproductive genetic carrier screening (RCS) is increasingly being offered more widely, including to people with no family history or otherwise elevated chance of having a baby with a genetic condition. There are valid reasons to reject a prevention-focused public health ethics approach to such screening programs. Rejecting the prevention paradigm in this context has led to an emphasis on more individually-focused values of freedom of choice and fostering reproductive autonomy in RCS. We argue, however, that population-wide RCS has sufficient features in common with other public health screening programs that it becomes important also to attend to its public health implications. Not doing so constitutes a failure to address the social conditions that significantly affect people’s capacity to exercise their reproductive autonomy. We discuss how a public health ethics approach to RCS is broader in focus than prevention. We also show that additional values inherent to ethical public health—such as equity and solidarity—are essential to underpin and inform the aims and implementation of reproductive carrier screening programs.

Donohue, HE, Rapee, RM, Modini, M, Norton, AR & Abbott, MJ 2021, 'Measuring state pre-event and post-event rumination in Social Anxiety Disorder: Psychometric properties of the Socially Anxious Rumination Questionnaire (SARQ)', Journal of Anxiety Disorders, vol. 82, pp. 102452-102452.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Cognitive models have consistently recognised pre-event and post-event rumination as maintaining factors in Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of a state-based measure of pre-event and post-event rumination in SAD: The Socially Anxious Rumination Questionnaire (SARQ), which was formerly known as the Thoughts Questionnaire. In particular, we examined the factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, sensitivity to treatment response, clinical cut-off scores (relative to non-clinical participants), and associated test performance indicators of the SARQ. The sample comprised 505 adults with a principal diagnosis of SAD and 130 non-clinical controls. Pre-event and post-event rumination were assessed in relation to a three-minute impromptu speech. Results indicated single factors for the SARQ: Pre-event and SARQ: Post-event scales, along with excellent internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, sound sensitivity to cognitive-behavioural treatment response, and a clear ability to discriminate between individuals with a principal diagnosis of SAD and non-clinical controls. The findings justify the SARQ's use as a robust and reliable measure of state rumination for individuals with SAD that can be used both before and after encountering a social threat.

Duijn, EAHD, Pouliart, N, Verhagen, AP, Karel, YHJM, Thoomes-de Graaf, M, Koes, BW & Scholten-Peeters, GGM 2021, 'Diagnostic ultrasound in patients with shoulder pain: An inter-examiner agreement and reliability study among Dutch physical therapists', Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, vol. 51, pp. 102283-102283.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Study design:A cross-sectional inter-examiner agreement and reliability study among physical therapists in primary care. Background: musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSU) is frequently used by physical therapists to improve specific diagnosis in patients with shoulder pain, especially for the diagnosis rotator cuff tendinopathy (RCT) including tears. Objectives: To estimate the inter-examiner agreement and reliability in physical therapists using MSU for patients with shoulder pain. Methods: Physical therapists performed diagnostic MSU in 62 patients with shoulder pain. Both physical therapists were blinded to each other's results and patients were not informed about the test results. We calculated the overall inter-examiner agreement, specific positive and negative inter-examiner agreement, and inter-examiner reliability (Cohen's Kappa's). Results: Overall agreement for detecting RC ruptures ranged from 61.7% to 85.5% and from 43.9% to 91.4% for specific positive agreement. The specific negative agreement was lower with values ranging from 44.4% to 79.1% for RC ruptures. Overall agreement for other pathology than ruptures related to SAPS, ranged from 72.6% to 93.6% and from 77.3% to 96% for specific positive agreement. The specific negative agreement was lower with values ranging from 44.4% to 79.1% for RC ruptures and 52.5%–83.3% for other pathology than ruptures related to SAPS. Reliability values varied from substantial for any thickness ruptures to moderate for partial thickness ruptures and fair for full thickness tears. Moreover, reliability was fair for cuff tendinopathy. The reliability for AC arthritis and no pathology found was fair and moderate. There was substantial agreement for the calcifying tendinopathy. Conclusions: Physical therapists using MSU agree on the diagnosis of cuff tendinopathy and on the presence of RCT in primary care, but agree less on the absence of pathology.

Efron, G & Wootton, BM 2021, 'Remote cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder: A meta-analysis', Journal of Anxiety Disorders, vol. 79, pp. 102385-102385.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an established treatment for panic disorder (PD). Remote CBT (RCBT) is becoming increasingly popular and has the potential to enhance access to this treatment. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of RCBT for PD using a meta-analytic approach. An electronic database search was used to identify relevant articles and the references of previously completed reviews. Twenty-one studies (n = 1,604; mean age range: 31.9-43.9; mean female representation = 71 %) were included in the meta-analysis. 14/21 (67 %; n = 817 of the included studies were randomised controlled trials and 7/21 (33 %; n = 787) were open trials or non-randomised controlled trials. Pooled within-group effect sizes across all remote treatments for PD symptoms were large from pre-treatment to post-treatment (Hedges' g = 1.18; 95 % CI: 0.99-1.36) and pre-treatment to follow-up (Hedges' g = 1.51; 95 % CI: 1.22-1.79). Pooled between-group findings indicate that remote CBT treatments are more effective than passive control (Hedges' g = 1.17; 95 % CI: 0.85-1.50), but are similar to other active treatments on measures of PD symptoms (e.g., face-to-face CBT) (Hedges' g = 0.02; 95 % CI: -0.43 to 0.48). Internet-delivered CBT (Hedges' g = 1.10, 95 % CI: 0.91-1.30), videoconferencing-delivered CBT (Hedges' g = 1.40, 95 % CI: 0.85-1.95) and bibliotherapy-delivered CBT (Hedges' g = 1.51, 95 % CI: 0.95-2.06) each produce large effect sizes on measures of PD symptoms. The results have important implications for the dissemination of entirely remote stepped-care treatments for PD.

Eickhoff, C, Griese-Mammen, N, Mueller, U, Said, A & Schulz, M 2021, 'Primary healthcare policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Germany', Pharmacy Practice, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 2248-2248.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Germany is the highest populated country in Europe with a population of 82.3 million in 2019. As in many other developed countries, it has an aging population. Approximately 10% of the gross domestic product is spent on healthcare. The healthcare system is characterized by its accessibility. Patients are generally free to choose their primary care physicians, both family doctors and specialists, pharmacy, dentist, or emergency service. Up to a certain income, health insurance is mandatory with the statutory health insurance (SHI) system, covering 88% of the population. Major challenges are the lack of cooperation and integration between the different sectors and healthcare providers. This is expected to change with the introduction of a telematic infrastructure that is currently being implemented. It will not only connect all providers in primary and secondary care in a secure network but will also enable access to patients’ electronic record/medical data and at the same time switch from paper to electronic prescriptions. Approximately 52,000 of the 67,000 pharmacists are working in approximately 19,000 community pharmacies. These pharmacies are owner-operated by a pharmacist. Pharmacists may own up to three subsidiaries nearby to their main pharmacy. Community pharmacy practice mainly consists of dispensing drugs, counselling patients on drug therapy and safety, and giving advice on lifestyle and healthy living. Many cognitive pharmaceutical services have been developed and evaluated in the past 20 years. Discussions within the profession and with stakeholders on the national level on the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists have resulted in nationally agreed guidelines, curricula, and services. However, cognitive services remunerated by the SHI funds on the national level remain to be negotiated and sustainably implemented. A law passed in November 2020 by parliament will regulate the remuneration of pharmaceutical services by the SHI fun...

Enners, S, Gradl, G, Kieble, M, Böhm, M, Laufs, U & Schulz, M 2021, 'Utilization of drugs with reports on potential efficacy or harm on COVID‐19 before, during, and after the first pandemic wave', Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 1493-1503.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractPurposeConflicting information on potential benefits of drugs as well as reports on hypothetical harm of commonly used drugs in COVID‐19 treatment have challenged clinicians and healthcare systems. We analyzed the change in ambulatory drug utilization before, during, and after the first wave of the pandemic in 2020.MethodsWe explored dispensing data of nearly 19 000 pharmacies at the expense of the statutory health insurance funds covering 88% of Germany's population. We analyzed utilization of publicly discussed drugs with conflicting information. Drug utilization as number of packages dispensed per week from January to June 2020, reflecting 314 million claims, was compared with 2019.ResultsUtilization of hydroxychloroquine increased +110% during March 2020 and then slightly decreased until week April 13–19. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors and simvastatin/atorvastatin increased, +78% and +74%, respectively, and subsequently decreased below 2019 levels. Utilization of azithromycin and all systemic antibiotics decreased continuously from March 2–8 until June to levels considerably lower compared to 2019 (June 22–28: azithromycin: −55%, all systemic antibiotics: −27%). Pneumococcal vaccines utilization initially increased +373%, followed by supply shortages. Paracetamol utilization showed an initial increase of +111%, mainly caused by an increase of over‐the‐counter dispensings.ConclusionsApart from the pandemic itself, the data suggest that dissemination of misinformation and unsound speculations as well as supply shortages influenced drug prescribing, utilization, and purchasing behavior. The findings can inform post‐pandemic policy to prevent unfounded over‐ and underprescribi...

Fandim, JV, Nitzsche, R, Michaleff, ZA, Pena Costa, LO & Saragiotto, B 2021, 'The contemporary management of neck pain in adults', Pain Management, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 75-87.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Neck pain is a common condition with a high prevalence worldwide. Neck pain is associated with significant levels of disability and is widely considered an important public health problem. Neck pain is defined as pain perceived between the superior nuchal line and the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra. In some types of neck conditions, the pain can be referred to the head, trunk and upper limbs. This article aims to provide an overview of the available evidence on prevalence, costs, diagnosis, prognosis, risk factors, prevention and management of patients with neck pain.

Fandim, JV, Saragiotto, BT, Porfírio, GJM & Santana, RF 2021, 'Effectiveness of virtual reality in children and young adults with cerebral palsy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trial', Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 369-386.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Fernandes, LG & Saragiotto, BT 2021, 'Clinimetrics: eHealth Literacy Scale', Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 67-67.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Fernandes, LG & Saragiotto, BT 2021, 'To what extent can telerehabilitation help patients in low- and middle-income countries?', Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 481-483.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Ferrari, M, Speight, J, Beath, A, Browne, JL & Mosely, K 2021, 'The information-motivation-behavioral skills model explains physical activity levels for adults with type 2 diabetes across all weight classes', Psychology, Health & Medicine, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 381-394.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Ferreira, GE, Saragiotto, BT & Maher, CG 2021, 'Strategies to minimise concerns with selection bias in systematic reviews of interventions', Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, vol. 52, pp. 102296-102296.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Finch, E, Ward, EC, Brown, B, Cornwell, P, Hill, AE, Hill, A, Hobson, T, Rose, T, Scarinci, N, Marshall, J, Cameron, A & Shrubsole, K 2021, 'Setting a prioritized agenda to drive speech–language therapy research in health', International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 768-783.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractBackgroundPrioritized research agendas are viewed internationally as an important method for ensuring that health research meets actual areas of clinical need. There is growing evidence for speech–language therapy‐prioritized research agendas, particularly in disorder‐specific areas. However, there are few general research priority agendas to guide speech–language therapy research.AimsTo collaboratively develop a prioritized research agenda for an Australian public health context with clinical speech–language therapists (SLTs), academic SLTs and consumers of speech–language therapy services.Methods & ProceduresAn initial stimulus list of potential research areas for prioritization was collected from SLTs via an online survey. Two categories (service delivery and expanded scope of practice) were selected from this list for prioritization due to their relevance across multiple health services. The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) was used to develop a prioritized research agenda for each of the two categories. One NGT session was conducted with each of the three participant groups (clinical SLTs, academic SLTs, consumers) for each category (total NGT sessions = six). The prioritization data for each group within each category were summed to give a single, ranked prioritized research agenda for each category.Outcomes & ResultsTwo prioritized research agendas were developed. Within each agenda, SLTs and consumers prioritized a need for more research in areas related to specific practice areas (e.g., Alternative and Augmentative Communication, Communication Partner Training), as well as broader professional issues (e.g., telehealth, working with culturally and linguistically diverse families)....

Fioratti, I, Fernandes, LG, Reis, FJ & Saragiotto, BT 2021, 'Strategies for a safe and assertive telerehabilitation practice', Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 113-116.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Frank-Podlech, S, Watson, P, Verhoeven, AAC, Stegmaier, S, Preissl, H & de Wit, S 2021, 'Competing influences on healthy food choices: Mindsetting versus contextual food cues', Appetite, vol. 166, pp. 105476-105476.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Freeman-Sanderson, A, Ward, EC, Miles, A, de Pedro Netto, I, Duncan, S, Inamoto, Y, McRae, J, Pillay, N, Skoretz, SA, Walshe, M, Brodsky, MB, Archer, SK, Baker, S, Bergström, L, Burns, CL, Cameron, T, Cimoli, M, Clayton, NA, Clunie, G, Cole, T, Dawson, C, Dikeman, K, Duggan, B, Engelbrecht, L, Langton-Frost, N, Hemsley, B, Kalf, H, Kazandjian, M, Lakha, S, Marvin, S, McIntyre, M, Puntil-Sheltman, J, do Nascimento Junior, JR, Suiter, DM, Sutt, A-L, Wallace, S & Zaga, CJ 2021, 'A Consensus Statement for the Management and Rehabilitation of Communication and Swallowing Function in the ICU: A Global Response to COVID-19', Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol. 102, no. 5, pp. 835-842.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

OBJECTIVE:To identify core practices for workforce management of communication and swallowing functions in COVID-19 positive patients within the ICU. DESIGN:A modified Delphi methodology was utilized, with 3 electronic voting rounds. AGREE II and an adapted COVID-19 survey framework from physiotherapy were used to develop survey statements. Sixty-six statements pertaining to workforce planning and management of communication and swallowing function in the ICU were included. SETTING:Electronic modified Delphi process. PARTICIPANTS:35 speech-language pathologists (SLPs) from 6 continents representing 12 countries. INTERVENTIONS:Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The main outcome was consensus agreement, defined a priori as ≥70% of participants with a mean Likert score ≥7.0 (11-point scale: '0' = strongly disagree, '10' strongly agree). Prioritization rank order of statements in a 4th round was also conducted. RESULTS:SLPs with a median of 15 years ICU experience, working primarily in clinical (54%), in academic (29%) or managerial (17%) positions, completed all voting rounds. After the third round, 64 statements (97%) met criteria. Rank ordering identified issues of high importance. CONCLUSIONS:A set of global consensus statements to facilitate planning and delivery of rehabilitative care for patients admitted to the ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic were agreed by an international expert SLP group. Statements focus on considerations for workforce preparation, resourcing and training, and the management of communication and swallowing functions. These statements support and provide direction for all members of the rehabilitation team to use for patients admitted to the ICU during a global pandemic.

Gheisari, S, Shariflou, S, Phu, J, Kennedy, PJ, Agar, A, Kalloniatis, M & Golzan, SM 2021, 'A combined convolutional and recurrent neural network for enhanced glaucoma detection', Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 1945.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractGlaucoma, a leading cause of blindness, is a multifaceted disease with several patho-physiological features manifesting in single fundus images (e.g., optic nerve cupping) as well as fundus videos (e.g., vascular pulsatility index). Current convolutional neural networks (CNNs) developed to detect glaucoma are all based on spatial features embedded in an image. We developed a combined CNN and recurrent neural network (RNN) that not only extracts the spatial features in a fundus image but also the temporal features embedded in a fundus video (i.e., sequential images). A total of 1810 fundus images and 295 fundus videos were used to train a CNN and a combined CNN and Long Short-Term Memory RNN. The combined CNN/RNN model reached an average F-measure of 96.2% in separating glaucoma from healthy eyes. In contrast, the base CNN model reached an average F-measure of only 79.2%. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that extracting spatial and temporal features from fundus videos using a combined CNN and RNN, can markedly enhance the accuracy of glaucoma detection.

Girgis, M, Paparo, J & Kneebone, I 2021, 'A systematic review of emotion regulation measurement in children and adolescents diagnosed with intellectual disabilities', Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 90-99.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 Australasian Society for Intellectual Disability, Inc. Background: Emotion regulation is a challenge for many, in particular children with intellectual disabilities. To support understanding and the development of interventions in this area it is essential to identify valid and reliable measures. Method: This systematic review aimed to identify measures that assess all five emotion regulation domains as described by the process model of emotion regulation; situation selection, situation modification, attention deployment, cognitive control, and response modulation. The validity and reliability of these measures was determined by the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist. Results: Of the 10 measures identified, only the Anxiety, Depression, and Mood Scale possessed moderate levels of evidence. However, this measure does not assess all five domains of emotion regulation. Conclusions: Future research would benefit from the development of both informant and self-report measures for children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities, that assess all the five domains of emotion regulation.

Godbole, G, Bolitho, R & Pont, L 2021, 'Key concepts in medication management in older persons for pharmacists practicing in non‐geriatric specialties', Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 427-434.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractMedication management for older persons can be complex. With over 50% of all hospital admissions being for people aged over 65 years, understanding age‐related functional, cognitive and social factor changes and their impact on medication use is critical for pharmacists working in most adult medicine areas. This paper provides an overview of critical elements of medication management for older persons for pharmacists. Key elements include age‐related changes impacting medication effectiveness and safety, frailty, geriatric syndromes, polypharmacy and deprescribing, minimising medication‐related harm at transitions of care, dose administration aids and other strategies to support individuals in medication management and multidisciplinary comprehensive geriatric assessment.

Gonsalvez, CJ, Deane, FP, Terry, J, Nasstasia, Y & Shires, A 2021, 'Innovations in competence assessment: Design and initial validation of the Vignette Matching Assessment Tool (VMAT).', Training and Education in Professional Psychology, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 106-116.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

This study responds to an urgent need for innovative approaches to competence assessment in the face of strong evidence that several current instruments may be vulnerable to systematic rating biases. Building on previous research, the current study aimed to (a) design a full catalogue of vignettes for the Vignette Matching Assessment Tool (VMAT); (b) establish a matrix of calibration scores for the catalogue of vignettes by having experts rate each of the vignettes; (c) evaluate its psychometric properties by comparing competence ratings derived from the VMAT with those from a conventional instrument, the Clinical Psychology Practicum Competencies Rating Scale (CΨPRS); and (d) assess whether the VMAT reduced halo and leniency biases. An initial catalogue of 52 vignettes was recalibrated by a large sample of experts (N = 45) to establish a final catalogue of 41 standardized vignettes across 10 domains and multiple stages of competence. The VMAT used the matrix of calibrated vignettes to help supervisors anchor competence trajectories attained by trainees for each of 10 competency domains. The results provide initial support for the validation of the VMAT. The VMAT attenuated halo effects, and most supervisors endorsed the VMAT as their preferred instrument. Compared to the C±PRS, cutoff scores on the VMAT identified a larger number of trainees with serious competence problems (n = 3 vs. n = 1). The current study has important implications for competence assessments and benchmarking within psychology and valuable cross-disciplinary applications.

Hayden, JA, Ellis, J, Ogilvie, R, Stewart, SA, Bagg, MK, Stanojevic, S, Yamato, TP & Saragiotto, BT 2021, 'Some types of exercise are more effective than others in people with chronic low back pain: a network meta-analysis', Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 252-262.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Hearne, A, Miles, A, Douglas, J, Carr, B, Nicholls, JR, Bullock, MS, Pang, V & Southwood, H 2021, 'Exploring teachers’ attitudes: knowledge and classroom strategies for children who stutter in New Zealand', Speech, Language and Hearing, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 28-37.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Heidenreich, T, Noyon, A, Worrell, M & Menzies, R 2021, 'Existential Approaches and Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Challenges and Potential', International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 209-234.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractExistential concerns such as death, responsibility, meaninglessness, and isolation not only are the hallmark of existential psychotherapy but also are frequently encountered by CBT therapists—nevertheless, due to epistemological and ideological differences, existential and CBT approaches to psychotherapy had little overlap historically. During recent years, existential issues are increasingly discussed in empirical clinical psychology, e.g., the potential role of the fear of death for a variety of mental disorders by Iverach et al. (Clinical Psychology Review, 34(7), 580–593, 2014), and there is increasing experimental evidence for a causal rather than correlational role of death anxiety discussed by Menzies and Dar-Nimrod (Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(4), 367–377, 2017). Further, existential concerns are common themes in CBT discussed by Grober et al. (Psychotherapeut, 61(3), 229–236, 2016) and may play an important role in the training of CBT therapists discussed by Worrell et al. (Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling Psychology Reflections, 3(1), 9–16, 2018) as well as in personal therapy and supervision.

Hermes, A, Wiersma, M, Kerridge, I, Easteal, S, Light, E, Dive, L & Lipworth, W 2021, 'Beyond platitudes: a qualitative study of Australian Aboriginal people's perspectives on biobanking', Internal Medicine Journal, vol. 51, no. 9, pp. 1426-1432.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractBackgroundBiobanks are vital resources for genetics and genomics, and it is broadly recognised that for maximal benefit it is essential that they include samples and data from diverse ancestral groups. The inclusion of First Nations people, in particular, is important to prevent biobanking research from exacerbating existing health inequities, and to ensure that these communities share in the benefits arising from research.AimsTo explore the perspectives of Australian Aboriginal people whose tissue – or that of their family members – has been stored in the biobank of the National Centre for Indigenous Genomics (NCIG).MethodsSemi‐structured interviews with 42 Aboriginal people from the Titjikala, Galiwinku, Tiwi Islands, Yarrabah, Fitzroy Crossing, Derby, One Arm Point and Mulan communities, as well as a formal discussion with A. Hermes, an Indigenous Community Engagement Coordinator at the NCIG who had conducted the interviews. The interviews and the structured discussion were double coded using a procedure informed by Charmaz's outline of grounded theory analysis and Morse's outline of the cognitive basis of qualitative research.ResultsIn this article, we report on A. Hermes' interviews with members from the above Aboriginal communities, as well as on her personal views, experiences, and interpretations of the interviews she conducted with other community members. We found that participation in the NCIG biobank raised issues around broken trust, grief and loss, but also – somewhat unexpectedly – was perceived as a source of empowerment, hope and reconnection.ConclusionsThis research reminds us (again) of the need to engage deeply ...

Hopf, SC, Crowe, K, Verdon, S, Blake, HL & McLeod, S 2021, 'Advancing Workplace Diversity Through the Culturally Responsive Teamwork Framework', American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 1949-1961.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Purpose Diversification of the profession is an important element of combating racism, bias, and prejudice in the speech-language pathology workforce at national and systemic levels. However, national and systemic change needs to be combined with equipping individual speech-language pathologists to adapt to the challenges that they face to engaging in culturally responsive practice. This paper presents four interacting levels of practice within the Culturally Responsive Teamwork Framework (CRTF): (a) intrapersonal practices, (b) interpersonal practices, (c) intraprofessional practices, and (d) the interprofessional practices. Conclusion CRTF is a practical, strengths-based framework that draws on international research and expertise to expand personal and professional practice and describe critical behaviors within the workplace that can be used to promote principles of evidence-based practice and social justice, especially when working with people from nondominant cultural or linguistic groups.

Hoppen, LM, Kuck, N, Bürkner, P-C, Karin, E, Wootton, BM & Buhlmann, U 2021, 'Low intensity technology-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis', BMC Psychiatry, vol. 21, no. 1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Background Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a well-established treatment for people suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and technology-based CBT applications are an emerging treatment option for people with OCD. These applications involve treatment protocols with automated content delivery and relatively low clinical contact. Whilst such CBT applications are promising, however, further investigation is needed to establish the efficacy of this treatment approach for individuals with OCD. The aim of the present study was to review the efficacy of technology-delivered CBT with minimal clinician support for OCD using a meta-analytic approach. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCT) were identified through PsycINFO, Medline and Scopus resulting in 18 eligible studies (n = 1707). Control conditions comprised both passive (namely no treatment, other treatments and waitlist controls) and active. Measurement of OCD symptoms improvement was the outcome in each study. Results Participants in the technology-delivered CBT group scored lower on Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) (g = − 0.59, 95% CI = [− 0.99, − 0.18], p = 0.01), Y-BOCS and Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) combined (g = − 0.55, 95% CI = [− 0.87, − 0.24], p = 0.003) and Obsessive-Compulsive-Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) (g = − 0.36, 95% CI = [− 0.62, − 0.09], p = 0.02) at post-treatment than passive control groups. There were no significant findings w...

Hoskins, C, Gaff, C, McEwen, A, Macciocca, I, Pearn, A, Shalhoub, C, Salvemini, H, Berkman, J, Riley, KE, Williams, R, Milward, M & Young, M 2021, 'Professional regulation for Australasian genetic counselors', Journal of Genetic Counseling, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 361-369.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractAs a result of the ongoing global expansion of genetic counseling, the need to formalize a system of professional regulation for genetic counselors was identified in Australasia. In June 2017, under the auspices of the Human Genetics Society of Australasia (HGSA), a working party was convened. The purpose of the working party was to provide strategic leadership for the profession of Australasian genetic counselors with a goal to formalize a national regulatory framework for genetic counselors across both Australian and New Zealand jurisdictions. This was ultimately achieved in Australia through full membership with the National Alliance of Self‐Regulating Health Professions (NASRHP) while the profession of genetic counseling in New Zealand is utilizing this framework to establish their regulation pathway. Regulation has a number of implications for genetic counselors, their employers, and the wider community, with the primary purpose of regulation being protection of the public from harm. This paper details the process of formalizing self‐regulation for genetic counselors in Australasia, by defining professional regulation; outlining the purpose of regulation and the status of regulation for genetic counselors in Australasia and internationally, as well as health professionals more broadly; exploring the challenges of establishing regulation in Australasia; and the next steps for regulation in Australasia. Through detailing this process, the intention is to provide a framework to support genetic counseling colleagues internationally as well as other health professions in Australasia to explore and achieve regulation through their respective jurisdiction.

Howard, A, Agathos, JA, Phelps, A, Cowlishaw, S, Terhaag, S, Arjmand, H-A, Armstrong, R, Berle, D, Steel, Z, Brewer, D, Human, B, Herwig, A, Wigg, C, Kemp, P, Wellauer, R & O’Donnell, ML 2021, 'Prevalence and treatment implications of ICD-11 complex PTSD in Australian treatment-seeking current and ex-serving military members', European Journal of Psychotraumatology, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1844441-1844441.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Hronis, A 2021, 'Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for People with Intellectual Disabilities—How Far Have We Come?', International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 114-132.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. This review paper reflects on the existing literature on cognitive behaviour therapy for adults, adolescents and children with intellectual disabilities. People with intellectual disabilities have high rates of comorbid mental health disorders, but low rates of accessing treatments with limited treatment options available to them. Historically, they have been excluded from cognitive-based therapies such as cognitive behaviour therapy. However, recent research has shown that people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities do have the capacity to engage in cognitive-based interventions. The review highlights the progress that has been made in the field of adapting CBT for people with intellectual disabilities, as well as the current gaps in the literature and suggestions for future research.

Huelsnitz, CO, Turbitt, E, Taber, JM, Lewis, KL, Biesecker, LG, Biesecker, BB & Klein, WMP 2021, 'Dyadic concordance and associations of beliefs with intentions to learn carrier results from genomic sequencing', Journal of Behavioral Medicine, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 860-866.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractAlthough romantic couple concordance has been demonstrated across a wide array of health behaviors, little research has examined dyadic concordance in health beliefs. This study examined the extent to which cohabitating romantic dyads’ attitudes and beliefs coincide (i.e., dyadic concordance) in addition to how well they predict intentions to learn genomic sequencing results. The actor-partner interdependence model was applied to cross-sectional data from 81 dyads in an exome sequencing study who were surveyed about their risk perceptions, worry, information avoidance, attitudes, and intentions toward learning carrier results. Information avoidance tendencies were positively correlated between partners, but there was low concordance on other beliefs. Individuals’ attitudes and information avoidance predicted their own intentions to learn results. Additionally, partners’ information avoidance tendencies predicted their partner’s intentions to learn results. Future research should explore mechanisms through which one’s partner’s information avoidance may affect one’s own intentions and behaviors.

Hutchings, E, Loomes, M, Butow, P & Boyle, FM 2021, 'A systematic literature review of attitudes towards secondary use and sharing of health administrative and clinical trial data: a focus on consent', Systematic Reviews, vol. 10, no. 1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Background We aimed to synthesise data on issues related to stakeholder perceptions of consent for the use of secondary data. To better understand the current literature available, we conducted a systematic literature review of healthcare consumer attitudes towards the secondary use and sharing of health administrative and clinical trial data. Methods EMBASE/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, Informit Health Collection, PROSPERO Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO and ProQuest databases were searched. Eligible articles included those reporting qualitative or quantitative original research and published in English. No restrictions were placed on publication dates, study design or disease setting. One author screened articles for eligibility and two authors were involved in the full-text review process. Conflicts were resolved by consensus. Quality and bias were assessed using the QualSyst criteria for qualitative studies. Results This paper focuses on a subset of 47 articles identified from the wider search and focuses on the issue of consent. Issues related to privacy, trust and transparency, and attitudes of healthcare professionals and researchers to secondary use and sharing of data have been dealt with in previous publications. Studies included a total of 216,149 respondents. Results indicate that respondents are generally supportive of using health data for research, particularly if the data is de-identified or anonymised. The requirement by participants to obtain consent prior to the use of health data for research was not universal, nor is the requirement for this always supported by legislation. Many responden...

Ilkhani, Z, Karimi, H, Farazi, M, O’Brian, S & Onslow, M 2021, 'Validity of telephone calls to assess percentage of syllables stuttered with adolescents in clinical research', Journal of Communication Disorders, vol. 91, pp. 106103-106103.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Purpose:Karimi, O’Brian, Onslow, and Jones (2013) reported, for adults, no systematic differences between percentage of syllables stuttered (%SS) scores during a 12-hour day and 10-minute phone calls. The present study replicated that finding with adolescents, using valid methods for the age group. The present study also extended that initial report by determining whether the gender of the caller influenced %SS scores.Method:Participants were 17 adolescents with stuttering. Percentage of syllables stuttered scores were obtained from a 12-hour day of the adolescents’ lives, and two 10-minute unscheduled phone calls made before and after that day. One phone call was from a male caller and the other from a female caller.Results:For adolescents, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and intraclass correlations (ICC) replicated the overall Karimi, O’Brian, Onslow, and Jones (2013) finding. No significant differences were found between the %SS scores of the three speech samples, and these %SS scores were found to be highly correlated. However, in contrast to the Karimi, O’Brian, Onslow, and Jones (2013) finding with adults, Bland-Altman plot results revealed a caveat to this finding when applied to individual adolescents. Additionally, there was no effect due to the gender of the caller.Conclusion:A 10-minute phone call can be used confidently to assess group mean %SS scores during stuttering research with adolescents. However, a 10-minute phone call cannot be used confidently to assess %SS scores of individual adolescent participants. For the latter context, such as with data-based case studies and single-subject experimentation, we recommend supplementing %SS scores with self-reported severity scores.

Jacobs, C & McEwen, A 2021, 'Adapting to the challenges of the global pandemic on genetic counselor education: Evaluating students’ satisfaction with virtual clinical experiences', Journal of Genetic Counseling, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1074-1083.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractTravel restrictions, physical distancing, and limits to clinical placements due to the global pandemic raised enormous challenges for genetic counseling education in 2020. In response, we created authentic virtual clinical experiences in our Master of Genetic Counseling program, mimicking clinical practice: virtual simulation with standardized clients, and virtual clinical placements, including intake calls, triage, consultations, teamwork and time management, and genetic counseling with standardized clients. The virtual clinical experiences involved online pre‐brief, simulation, and debrief. We aimed to evaluate students’ satisfaction with this learning method. Between April and November 2020, we distributed an anonymous online survey to all participating students using a modified version of a validated satisfaction with simulation scale. We analyzed the combined responses from first‐ and second‐year virtual clinical experiences using descriptive statistics and content analysis. The total number of possible responses was 120. The mean response rate was 68.36% (n = 82.03), with a mean of 16.41 participants responding to each survey from each year group. Of the first‐year participants, 53% (n = 10) had not observed a genetic counseling consultation before attending the virtual clinical placement. Overall, 92.5% of responses indicated that students were satisfied with the virtual clinical experiences (SD = 0.05). 100% (n = 82) of responses indicated that working with standardized clients was beneficial to learning, encouraged reflection on clinical ability and was a valuable learning experience overall. However, 37.78% (n = 17) of those who participated in the virtual simulation found that the use of Zoom detracted from their clinical learning. The virtual clinical experiences incre...

Jacobs, C & Rahman, B 2021, 'One size does not fit all: The case for targeted education in genetics and genomics for cancer nurses', European Journal of Cancer Care, vol. 30, no. 4, p. e13480.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Jagnoor, J, Gupta, M, Christou, A, Ivers, RQ, Bhaumik, S, Baset, KU, Rogers, K & Rahman, A 2021, 'Challenges in Documenting Non-Fatal Drowning Disability in Bangladesh: A Community-Based Survey', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 18, no. 18, pp. 9738-9738.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Limited access to health care and the lack of robust data systems means non-fatal drownings are largely missed in low-and middle-income countries. We report morbidity among individuals who experienced non-fatal drowning in the Barishal Division, Bangladesh. A representative household survey was conducted in the Barishal Division in southern Bangladesh between September 2016 and February 2017, covering a population of 386,016. The burden of non-fatal drowning was assessed using the WHODAS 2.0 disability assessment tool, a generic assessment instrument for health and disability. A total of 5164 non-fatal drowning events occurred in the one year preceding the survey. Among these 18% were multiple events. From these, 4235 people were administered the WHODAS 2.0 questionnaire. Non-fatal drowning incidence rates were highest in children aged 1–4 years at 5810 per 100,000 population, and among males. Non-fatal drowning was associated with lower socio-economic status and larger family sizes. Few respondents (6.5%; 95% CI: 4.5–8.4%) reported some level of disability (WHODAS-12 score > 8). Incidence of non-fatal drowning is high in the population, however limited impact on morbidity was found. There is a need to develop tools and methodologies for reliable and comparable data for non-fatal drowning, especially to capture post-event disability in children.

Jayes, M, Moulam, L, Meredith, S, Whittle, H, Lynch, Y, Goldbart, J, Judge, S, Webb, E, Meads, D, Hemsley, B & Murray, J 2021, 'Making Public Involvement in Research More Inclusive of People With Complex Speech and Motor Disorders: The I-ASC Project', Qualitative Health Research, vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 1260-1274.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

In this study, we aimed to identify processes that enabled the involvement of a person with complex speech and motor disorders and the parent of a young person with these disorders as co-researchers in a U.K. research project. Semi-structured individual and focus group interviews explored participants’ experiences and perceptions of public involvement (PI). Sixteen participants were recruited, with representation from (a) the interdisciplinary project team; (b) academics engaged in discrete project activities; (c) individuals providing organizational and operational project support; and (d) the project’s two advisory groups. Data were analyzed using Framework Analysis. Five themes were generated: (a) the challenge of defining the co-researcher role; (b) power relations in PI; (c) resources used to enable PI; (d) perceived benefits of PI; and (e) facilitators of successful PI. Our findings provide new evidence about how inclusive research teams can support people with complex speech and motor disorders to contribute meaningfully to co-produced research.

Jha, NK, Ojha, S, Jha, SK, Dureja, H, Singh, SK, Shukla, SD, Chellappan, DK, Gupta, G, Bhardwaj, S, Kumar, N, Jeyaraman, M, Jain, R, Muthu, S, Kar, R, Kumar, D, Goswami, VK, Ruokolainen, J, Kesari, KK, Singh, SK & Dua, K 2021, 'Evidence of Coronavirus (CoV) Pathogenesis and Emerging Pathogen SARS-CoV-2 in the Nervous System: A Review on Neurological Impairments and Manifestations', Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, vol. 71, no. 11, pp. 2192-2209.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an issue of global significance that has taken the lives of many across the world. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for its pathogenesis. The pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 have been well described in the literature. Initially, it was thought to be limited to the respiratory system; however, we now recognize that COVID-19 also affects several other organs, including the nervous system. Two similar human coronaviruses (CoV) that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) are also known to cause disease in the nervous system. The neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection are growing rapidly, as evidenced by several reports. There are several mechanisms responsible for such manifestations in the nervous system. For instance, post-infectious immune-mediated processes, direct virus infection of the central nervous system (CNS), and virus-induced hyperinflammatory and hypercoagulable states are commonly involved. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and its variants, dysfunction of taste and smell, and muscle injury are numerous examples of COVID-19 PNS (peripheral nervous system) disease. Likewise, hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, encephalitis, meningitis, encephalopathy acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, endothelialitis, and venous sinus thrombosis are some instances of COVID-19 CNS disease. Due to multifactorial and complicated pathogenic mechanisms, COVID-19 poses a large-scale threat to the whole nervous system. A complete understanding of SARS-CoV-2 neurological impairments is still lacking, but our knowledge base is rapidly expanding. Therefore, we anticipate that this comprehensive review will provide valuable insights and facilitate the work of neuroscientists in unfolding different neurological dimensions of COVID-19 and other CoV associated abnormalities.

Johnson, N, Maguire, S, Morra, A, Kapoor, PM, Tomczyk, K, Jones, ME, Schoemaker, MJ, Gilham, C, Bolla, MK, Wang, Q, Dennis, J, Ahearn, TU, Andrulis, IL, Anton-Culver, H, Antonenkova, NN, Arndt, V, Aronson, KJ, Augustinsson, A, Baynes, C, Freeman, LEB, Beckmann, MW, Benitez, J, Bermisheva, M, Blomqvist, C, Boeckx, B, Bogdanova, NV, Bojesen, SE, Brauch, H, Brenner, H, Burwinkel, B, Campa, D, Canzian, F, Castelao, JE, Chanock, SJ, Chenevix-Trench, G, Clarke, CL, Conroy, DM, Couch, FJ, Cox, A, Cross, SS, Czene, K, Dörk, T, Eliassen, AH, Engel, C, Evans, DG, Fasching, PA, Figueroa, J, Floris, G, Flyger, H, Gago-Dominguez, M, Gapstur, SM, García-Closas, M, Gaudet, MM, Giles, GG, Goldberg, MS, González-Neira, A, Guénel, P, Hahnen, E, Haiman, CA, Håkansson, N, Hall, P, Hamann, U, Harrington, PA, Hart, SN, Hooning, MJ, Hopper, JL, Howell, A, Hunter, DJ, Jager, A, Jakubowska, A, John, EM, Kaaks, R, Keeman, R, Khusnutdinova, E, Kitahara, CM, Kosma, V-M, Koutros, S, Kraft, P, Kristensen, VN, Kurian, AW, Lambrechts, D, Le Marchand, L, Linet, M, Lubiński, J, Mannermaa, A, Manoukian, S, Margolin, S, Martens, JWM, Mavroudis, D, Mayes, R, Meindl, A, Milne, RL, Neuhausen, SL, Nevanlinna, H, Newman, WG, Nielsen, SF, Nordestgaard, BG, Obi, N, Olshan, AF, Olson, JE, Olsson, H, Orban, E, Park-Simon, T-W, Peterlongo, P, Plaseska-Karanfilska, D, Pylkäs, K, Rennert, G, Rennert, HS, Ruddy, KJ, Saloustros, E, Sandler, DP, Sawyer, EJ, Schmutzler, RK, Scott, C, Shu, X-O, Simard, J, Smichkoska, S, Sohn, C, Southey, MC, Spinelli, JJ, Stone, J, Tamimi, RM, Taylor, JA, Tollenaar, RAEM, Tomlinson, I, Troester, MA, Truong, T, Vachon, CM, van Veen, EM, Wang, SS, Weinberg, CR, Wendt, C, Wildiers, H, Winqvist, R, Wolk, A, Zheng, W, Ziogas, A, Dunning, AM, Pharoah, PDP, Easton, DF, Howie, AF, Peto, J, dos-Santos-Silva, I, Swerdlow, AJ, Chang-Claude, J, Schmidt, MK, Orr, N & Fletcher, O 2021, 'CYP3A7*1C allele: linking premenopausal oestrone and progesterone levels with risk of hormone receptor-positive breast cancers', British Journal of Cancer, vol. 124, no. 4, pp. 842-854.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Background Epidemiological studies provide strong evidence for a role of endogenous sex hormones in the aetiology of breast cancer. The aim of this analysis was to identify genetic variants that are associated with urinary sex-hormone levels and breast cancer risk. Methods We carried out a genome-wide association study of urinary oestrone-3-glucuronide and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide levels in 560 premenopausal women, with additional analysis of progesterone levels in 298 premenopausal women. To test for the association with breast cancer risk, we carried out follow-up genotyping in 90,916 cases and 89,893 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. All women were of European ancestry. Results For pregnanediol-3-glucuronide, there were no genome-wide significant associations; for oestrone-3-glucuronide, we identified a single peak mapping to the CYP3A locus, annotated by rs45446698. The minor rs45446698-C allele was associated with lower oestrone-3-glucuronide (−49.2%, 95% CI −56.1% to −41.1%, P = 3.1 × 10–18); in follow-up analyses, rs45446698-C was also associated with lower progesterone (−26.7%, 95% CI −39.4% to −11.6%, P = 0.001) and reduced risk of oestrogen and progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer (OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.82–0.91, P = 6.9 × 10–8). Conclusions The CYP3A7*1C allele is associated with reduced risk of hormone recept...

Johnson, R, Purcell, A, Power, E & Cumming, S 2021, 'A scoping review of predictors of speech-language pathology student success', Speech, Language and Hearing, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 78-86.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Jones, ML, Menzies, RG, Onslow, M, Lowe, R, O'Brian, S & Packman, A 2021, 'Measures of Psychological Impacts of Stuttering in Young School-Age Children: A Systematic Review', Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 1918-1928.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

PurposeRecent research has shown that some school-age children who stutter may have speech-related anxiety. Given this, speech-language pathologists require robust measures to assess the psychological effects of stuttering during the school-age years. Accordingly, this systematic review aimed to explore available measures for assessing the psychological impacts of stuttering in young school-age children and to examine their measurement properties.MethodThe systematic search protocol was registered with PROSPERO (ID: 163181). Seven online databases, in addition to manual searching and screening of reference lists, were used to identify appropriate measures for the population of children who stutter aged 7–12 years. The first two authors independently assessed the measures using the quality appraisal tool described by Terwee et al. (2007).ResultsDespite the comprehensive search strategy, only six measures were identified for quality appraisal. No assessment tool was found to possess adequate measurement properties for the eight assessed domains: content validity, internal consistency, construct validity, reproducibility, reliability, responsiveness, floor and ceiling effects, and interpretability. No measure had clear evidence of responsiveness to clinical change. Based on the criterion defined by the Terwee et al. (2007) appraisal tool, the Communication Attitude Test and the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering for School-Age Children received the highest number of ratings in support of their measurement properties.ConclusionsThe results highlight a lack of available measures in this domain and poor practices in developing and testing measurement instruments. To ensure that clinicians and researchers a...

Kang, A, Arnold, R, Gallagher, M, Snelling, P, Green, J, Fernando, M, Kiernan, MC, Hand, S, Grimley, K, Burman, J, Heath, A, Rogers, K, Bhattacharya, A, Smyth, B, Bradbury, T, Hawley, C, Perkovic, V, Krishnan, AV & Jardine, MJ 2021, 'Effect of Hemodiafiltration on the Progression of Neuropathy with Kidney Failure', Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 1365-1375.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Background and objectives Neuropathy is a common complication of kidney disease that lacks proven disease-modifying treatments. Hemodiafiltration improves clearance of uremic toxins and is associated with better nerve function than hemodialysis. We aimed to determine whether hemodiafiltration reduces the progression of neuropathy in people receiving hemodialysis. Design, setting, participants, & measurements The Filtration in the Neuropathy of End-Stage Kidney Disease Symptom Evolution (FINESSE) study was an open-label, blinded end point assessment, controlled trial that randomized maintenance hemodialysis recipients to hemodiafiltration or high-flux hemodialysis for 48 months or until death or cessation of dialysis at four study centers. The primary outcome was the mean change in the yearly modified total neuropathy score from baseline, with time points weighted equally. Results A total of 124 participants were randomized and followed for a mean of 41 months. At baseline, neuropathy was present in 91 (73%) participants (modified total neuropathy score greater than or equal to two), and 38 (31%) had moderate to severe neuropathy (modified total neuropathy score 9–28). Convection volume in the hemodiafiltration arm was a median of 24.7 (interquartile range, 22.4–26.5) L. The mean modified total neuropathy score (SEM) worsened by 1.7 (0.4)/28 and 1.2 (0.4)/28 in the hemodiafiltration and hemodialysis groups, respectively, with a mean difference of 0.5 (95% confidence interval, −0.7 to 1.7; P=0.37). There was no difference in survival (hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.61 to 2.51; log rank P

Kar, R, Jha, SK, Ojha, S, Sharma, A, Dholpuria, S, Raju, VSR, Prasher, P, Chellappan, DK, Gupta, G, Kumar Singh, S, Paudel, KR, Hansbro, PM, Kumar Singh, S, Ruokolainen, J, Kesari, KK, Dua, K & Jha, NK 2021, 'The FBXW7‐NOTCH interactome: A ubiquitin proteasomal system‐induced crosstalk modulating oncogenic transformation in human tissues', Cancer Reports, vol. 4, no. 4.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractBackgroundUbiquitin ligases or E3 ligases are well programmed to regulate molecular interactions that operate at a post‐translational level. Skp, Cullin, F‐box containing complex (or SCF complex) is a multidomain E3 ligase known to mediate the degradation of a wide range of proteins through the proteasomal pathway. The three‐dimensional domain architecture of SCF family proteins suggests that it operates through a novel and adaptable “super‐enzymatic” process that might respond to targeted therapeutic modalities in cancer.Recent findingsSeveral F‐box containing proteins have been characterized either as tumor suppressors (FBXW8, FBXL3, FBXW8, FBXL3, FBXO1, FBXO4, and FBXO18) or as oncogenes (FBXO5, FBXO9, and SKP2). Besides, F‐box members like βTrcP1 and βTrcP2, the ones with context‐dependent functionality, have also been studied and reported. FBXW7 is a well‐studied F‐box protein and is a tumor suppressor. FBXW7 regulates the activity of a range of substrates, such as c‐Myc, cyclin E, mTOR, c‐Jun, NOTCH, myeloid cell leukemia sequence‐1 (MCL1), AURKA, NOTCH through the well‐known ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS)‐mediated degradation pathway. NOTCH signaling is a primitive pathway that plays a crucial role in maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. FBXW7 regulates NOTCH protein activity by controlling its half‐life, thereby maintaining optimum protein levels in tissue. However, aberrations in the FBXW7 or NOTCH expression levels can lead to poor prognosis and detrimental outcomes in patients. Therefore, the FBXW7‐NOTCH axis has been a subject of intense study and research over the years, especially around the interactome's role in driving cancer development and progression. Several studies have reported the effect of FBXW7 and NOTCH mutations on normal tissue behavior. The current review attempts to critically analy...

Karimi, H, Onslow, M, Jones, M, O’Brian, S, Packman, A, Menzies, R, Reilly, S, Sommer, M & Jelčić-Jakšić, S 2021, 'Corrigendum to “The Satisfaction with Communication in Everyday Speaking Situations (SCESS) scale: An overarching outcome measure of treatment effect” [J. Fluency Disord. (2018), 58, 77–85]', Journal of Fluency Disorders, vol. 67, pp. 105831-105831.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Katz, H, Newton-John, TRO & Shires, A 2021, 'Sexual Difficulties in the Population with Musculoskeletal Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review', Pain Medicine, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1982-1992.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Objective To review the current literature on the nature and prevalence of sexual difficulties in the population with chronic musculoskeletal pain, as well as to identify the biopsychosocial factors that maintain these difficulties. Design Systematic review. Methods Studies were found by using multiple electronic databases and examining reference lists. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 studies were eligible for review. Data were extracted and characteristics were described for outcomes of interest (i.e., sexual dysfunction, pain condition, pain intensity, psychosocial factors, gender differences). Cochrane Risk of Bias was assessed for all included studies. Results Ten studies (2,941 participants) were included in the review. Musculoskeletal conditions included low back pain and fibromyalgia. All studies examining sexual functioning found evidence of sexual difficulty among patients with chronic pain. Three studies demonstrated that sexual dysfunction was significantly greater in patients than in healthy matched controls. Nine studies found that greater pain levels significantly correlated with greater sexual dysfunction. Eight studies noted an increased prevalence of sexual difficulties in those with comorbid psychological problems. Heterogeneity between studies was identified, particularly with regard to gender outcomes. The risk-of-bias assessment also highlighted limitations in approximately half of studies.

Khanuja, HK, Awasthi, R, Mehta, M, Satija, S, Aljabali, AAA, Tambuwala, MM, Chellappan, DK, Dua, K & Dureja, H 2021, 'Nanosuspensions - An Update on Recent Patents, Methods of Preparation, and Evaluation Parameters', Recent Patents on Nanotechnology, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 351-366.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Background:Nanosuspensions are colloidal systems consisting of pure drug and stabilizers,without matrix or lyophilized into a solid matrix. Nanosuspensions improve the solubility ofthe drug both in the aqueous and organic phases. Nanosuspensions are also known as brick dust molecules,as they increase the dissolution of a system and improve absorption.Methods:Extensive information related to nanosuspensions and its associated patents were collectedusing Pub Med and Google Scholar.Results:Over the last decade nanosuspensions have attracted tremendous interest in pharmaceuticalresearch. It provides unique features including, improved solubility, high drug loading capacity, andpassive targeting. These particles are cost-effective, simple, and have lesser side effects with minimaldose requirements. However, the stability of nanosuspensions still warrants attention.Conclusion:Nanosuspensions play a vital role in handling the numerous drug entities with difficultphysico-chemical characteristics such as solubility and can further aid with a range of routes thatinclude nasal, transdermal, ocular, parenteral, pulmonary etc. This review highlights the relevance ofnanosuspensions in achieving safe, effective and targeted drug delivery.

Khazaal, Y, Chatton, A, Rochat, L, Hede, V, Viswasam, K, Penzenstadler, L, Berle, D & Starcevic, V 2021, 'Compulsive Health-Related Internet Use and Cyberchondria', European Addiction Research, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 58-66.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Cyberchondria denotes excessive and repeated online health-related searches associated with an increase in health anxiety. Such searches persist in those with cyberchondria, despite the negative consequences, resembling a pattern of compulsive Internet use. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of the present study was to assess compulsive health-related Internet use in relation to cyberchondria while controlling for related variables. <b><i>Method:</i></b> Adult participants (<i>N</i> = 749) were recruited from an online platform. They completed questionnaires assessing the severity of cyberchondria (via the Cyberchondria Severity Scale [CSS]), compulsive Internet use adapted for online health-related seeking (via the adapted Compulsive Internet Use Scale [CIUS]), and levels of intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety, as well as depressive, somatic, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. A logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify predictors of scores above a cutoff value on the CIUS, indicating compulsive health-related Internet use. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The regression output showed that only the CSS total score and sex made a unique, statistically significant contribution to the model, leading to the correct classification of 78.6% of the cases. Of the CSS subscales, compulsion and distress were the most strongly associated with compulsive health-related Internet use. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The finding that the adapted CIUS scores are associated with cyberchondria indicates that cyberchondria has a compulsive component, at least in terms of health-related Internet use. It also suggests that compulsive health-related Internet use persists despite the distress associated with this activity. Males may engage in cyberchondria more compulsively than females. These findings have im...

Knoop, J, Rutten, G, Lever, C, Leemeijer, J, de Jong, LJ, Verhagen, AP, van Lankveld, W & Staal, JB 2021, 'Lack of Consensus Across Clinical Guidelines Regarding the Role of Psychosocial Factors Within Low Back Pain Care: A Systematic Review', The Journal of Pain, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 1545-1559.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Koenig-Robert, R & Pearson, J 2021, 'Why do imagery and perception look and feel so different?', Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 376, no. 1817, pp. 20190703-20190703.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Despite the past few decades of research providing convincing evidence of the similarities in function and neural mechanisms between imagery and perception, for most of us, the experience of the two are undeniably different, why? Here, we review and discuss the differences between imagery and perception and the possible underlying causes of these differences, from function to neural mechanisms. Specifically, we discuss the directional flow of information (top-down versus bottom-up), the differences in targeted cortical layers in primary visual cortex and possible different neural mechanisms of modulation versus excitation. For the first time in history, neuroscience is beginning to shed light on this long-held mystery of why imagery and perception look and feel so different. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Offline perception: voluntary and spontaneous perceptual experiences without matching external stimulation'.

Komalla, V, Mehta, M, Achi, F, Dua, K & Haghi, M 2021, 'The Potential for Phospholipids in the Treatment of Airway Inflammation: An Unexplored Solution', Current Molecular Pharmacology, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 333-349.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

:Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF) are major inflammatory respiratory diseases. Current mainstay therapy for asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are corticosteroids, which have well-established side effect profiles. Phospholipids (PLs) are ubiquitous, diverse compounds with varying functions such as their structural role in the cell membrane, energy storage, and cell signaling. Recent advances in understanding PLs role as inflammatory mediators in the body as well as their widespread long-standing use as carrier molecules in drug delivery demonstrate the potential application of PLs in modulating inflammatory conditions.:This review briefly explains the main mechanisms of inflammation in chronic respiratory diseases, current anti-inflammatory treatments and areas of unmet need. The structural features, roles of endogenous and exogenous phospholipids, including their use as pharmaceutical excipients, are reviewed. Current research on the immunomodulatory properties of PLs and their potential application in inflammatory diseases is the major section of this review.:Considering the roles of PLs as inflammatory mediators and their safety profile established in pharmaceutical formulations, these small molecules demonstrate great potential as candidates in respiratory inflammation. Future studies need to focus on the immunomodulatory properties and the underlying mechanisms of PLs in respiratory inflammatory diseases.

Langerak, AJ, McCambridge, AB, Stubbs, PW, Fabricius, J, Rogers, K, Quel de Oliveira, C, Nielsen, JF & Verhagen, AP 2021, 'Externally validated model predicting gait independence after stroke showed fair performance and improved after updating', Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol. 137, pp. 73-82.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Objective To externally validate recent prognostic models that predict independent gait following stroke. Study Design and Setting A systematic search identified recent models (<10 years) that predicted independent gait in adult stroke patients, using easily obtainable predictors. Predictors from the original models were assigned proxies when required, and model performance was evaluated in the validation cohort (n = 957). Models were updated to determine if performance could be improved. Results Three prognostic models met our criteria, all with high Risk of Bias. Validation data was only available for the Australian model. This model used National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and age to predict independent gait, using Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) walking item. For validation, Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) was a proxy for NIHSS, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) locomotion item was a proxy for MAS. The Area Under the Curve was 0.77 (0.74–0.80) and had good calibration in the validation dataset. Adjustment of the intercept and regression coefficients slightly improved discrimination. By adding paretic leg strength, the model further improved (AUC 0.82). Conclusion External validation of the Australian model with proxies showed fair discrimination and good calibration. Updating the model by adding paretic leg strength further improved model performance.

Langley, EL, Clark, G, Murray, C & Wootton, BM 2021, 'The utility of the health belief model variables in predicting help-seeking intention for depressive symptoms', Australian Psychologist, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 233-244.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Lawless, M, Hodge, C, Sutton, G & Barrett, G 2021, 'Total keratometry in intraocular lens power calculations in eyes with previous laser refractive surgery: Response', Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 88-89.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Le, JT, Watson, P, Begg, D, Albertella, L & Le Pelley, ME 2021, 'Physiological and subjective validation of a novel stress procedure: The Simple Singing Stress Procedure', Behavior Research Methods, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1478-1487.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Lee, L-Y, Hew, GSY, Mehta, M, Shukla, SD, Satija, S, Khurana, N, Anand, K, Dureja, H, Singh, SK, Mishra, V, Singh, PK, Gulati, M, Prasher, P, Aljabali, AAA, Tambuwala, MM, Thangavelu, L, Panneerselvam, J, Gupta, G, Zacconi, FC, Shastri, M, Jha, NK, Xenaki, D, MacLoughlin, R, Oliver, BG, Chellappan, DK & Dua, K 2021, 'Targeting eosinophils in respiratory diseases: Biological axis, emerging therapeutics and treatment modalities', Life Sciences, vol. 267, pp. 118973-118973.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Eosinophils are bi-lobed, multi-functional innate immune cells with diverse cell surface receptors that regulate local immune and inflammatory responses. Several inflammatory and infectious diseases are triggered with their build up in the blood and tissues. The mobilization of eosinophils into the lungs is regulated by a cascade of processes guided by Th2 cytokine generating T-cells. Recruitment of eosinophils essentially leads to a characteristic immune response followed by airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling, which are hallmarks of chronic respiratory diseases. By analysing the dynamic interactions of eosinophils with their extracellular environment, which also involve signaling molecules and tissues, various therapies have been invented and developed to target respiratory diseases. Having entered clinical testing, several eosinophil targeting therapeutic agents have shown much promise and have further bridged the gap between theory and practice. Moreover, researchers now have a clearer understanding of the roles and mechanisms of eosinophils. These factors have successfully assisted molecular biologists to block specific pathways in the growth, migration and activation of eosinophils. The primary purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the eosinophil biology with a special emphasis on potential pharmacotherapeutic targets. The review also summarizes promising eosinophil-targeting agents, along with their mechanisms and rationale for use, including those in developmental pipeline, in clinical trials, or approved for other respiratory disorders.

Levitz, LM, Dick, HB, Scott, W, Hodge, C & Reich, JA 2021, 'The Latest Evidence with Regards to Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery and Its Use Post 2020', Clinical Ophthalmology, vol. Volume 15, pp. 1357-1363.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Levy, HC, Poppe, A, Hiser, J, Wootton, BM, Hallion, LS, Tolin, DF & Stevens, MC 2021, 'An Examination of the Association Between Subjective Distress and Functional Connectivity During Discarding Decisions in Hoarding Disorder', Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 1013-1022.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Background: Individuals with hoarding disorder (HD) demonstrate exaggerated subjective distress and hyperactivation of cingulate and insular cortex regions when discarding personal possessions. No prior study has sought to determine whether this subjective distress is associated with specific profiles of abnormal brain function in individuals with HD. Methods: We used multimodal canonical correlation analysis plus joint independent component analysis to test whether five hoarding-relevant domains of subjective distress when deciding to discard possessions (anxiety, sadness, monetary value, importance, and sentimental attachment) are associated with functional magnetic resonance imaging–measured whole-brain functional connectivity in 72 participants with HD and 44 healthy controls. Results: Three extracted components differed between HD participants and healthy control subjects. Each of these components depicted an abnormal profile of functional connectivity in HD participants relative to control subjects during discarding decisions, and a specific distress response profile. One component pair showed a relationship between anxiety ratings during discarding decisions and connectivity among the pallidum, perirhinal ectorhinal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Another component comprised sadness ratings during discarding decisions and connectivity in the pallidum, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The third component linked HD brain connectivity in several dorsolateral prefrontal cortex regions with perceived importance ratings during discarding decisions. Conclusions: The findings indicate that in patients with HD, the subjective intensity of anxiety, sadness, and perceived possession importance is related to abnormal functional connectivity in key frontal and emotional processing brain regions. The findings are discussed in terms of emerging neurobiological models of HD.

Lewis, KL, Turbitt, E, Chan, PA, Epps, S, Biesecker, BB, Erby, LAH, Fasaye, G-A & Biesecker, LG 2021, 'Engagement and return of results preferences among a primarily African American genomic sequencing research cohort', The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 108, no. 5, pp. 894-902.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Genomics researchers are increasingly interested in what constitutes effective engagement of individuals from underrepresented groups. This is critical for longitudinal projects needed to inform the implementation of precision medicine. Return of results is one opportunity for engagement. The aims of this study were to determine participant perspectives on optimal engagement strategies and priorities for return of results and the extent to which focus groups were an effective modality for gathering input on these topics. We conducted six professionally moderated focus groups with 49 participants in a genomics research study. Transcripts from audio-recorded sessions were coded by two researchers and themes were discussed with the wider research team. All groups raised the issue of mistrust. Individuals participated nonetheless to contribute their perspectives and benefit their community. Many group members preferred engagement modalities that are offered to all participants and allow them to share the nuances of their perspectives over the use of participant representatives and surveys. All groups created a consensus ranking for result return priorities. Results for life-threatening conditions were the highest priority to return, followed by those related to treatable conditions that affect physical or mental health. We advocate for engagement strategies that reach as many participants as possible and allow them to share their perspectives in detail. Such strategies are valued by participants, can be effective for developing return of results policies, and may help institutions become more trustworthy.

Light, E, Wiersma, M, Dive, L, Kerridge, I, Lipworth, W, Stewart, C, Kowal, E, Marlton, P & Critchley, C 2021, 'Biobank networking and globalisation: perspectives and practices of Australian biobanks', Australian Health Review, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 214-222.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Objective This study examined the practices and attitudes of Australian biobanks regarding access to samples and data, as well as local and global networking with other biobanks. Methods This was a mixed-methods study, including an online survey of Australian biobank administrators and qualitative interviews with survey participants. The survey examined the criteria applied when considering requests to share or network. The interviews explored attitudes and practices regarding sharing and networking. Results Most (90.9%; 30/33) biobanks offered access to their samples and data to others, principally for research (90.6%; 29/32). The most common criteria used to evaluate access requests included ethical oversight (84.8%; 28/33), scientific merit (84.8%; 28/33) and intended use (81.8%; 27/33). Just over two-thirds (69.7%; 23/33) of biobanks participated in Australian networks, and 39.1% (9/23) participated in global networks. Networking took the form of both sharing standardised operating procedures and policies (60.9%) and sharing samples and data (43.5%). Thirteen of the 16 interviewees participated in networks. Motivations for sharing included scientific necessity, sharing expertise and standardising operations and governance. Significant barriers to networking remain, including insufficient resources, inconsistent regulations and procedures, and cultural and political issues to do with the conduct of research. Conclusions Many Australian biobanks are already active participants in various types of global biobanking. If biobanks are to expand and make the most of their involvement in global networks, then important barriers need to be overcome. What is known about the topic? Biobanks that store human tissue and associated data are increasingly forming local, national and global networks. These networks create opportunities for enhancing the utility and sustainability of biobanks, but also raise considerable technical, legal and ethi...

Lo, SY, Reeve, E, Page, AT, Zaidi, STR, Hilmer, SN, Etherton-Beer, C, McLachlan, A, Pont, L & Naganathan, V 2021, 'Attitudes to Drug Use in Residential Aged Care Facilities: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Nurses and Care Staff', Drugs & Aging, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 697-711.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

BACKGROUND: Residential aged care facility (RACF) staff are well placed to identify opportunities for more appropriate prescribing. However, little is known about their views of polypharmacy, deprescribing and specific medications. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to establish the beliefs and attitudes of RACF staff towards polypharmacy and medication use in residents. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on RACF staff in metropolitan New South Wales, Australia using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was drafted based on the available literature and research team expertise and then piloted by a mixed group of 13 RACF staff. The final version of the questionnaire consisted of 28 questions. A total of 38 RACFs were contacted about the study. The questionnaire was distributed to eligible RACF staff between October 2017 and October 2019. The RACF staff were eligible if they provided direct patient care to residents or worked as a facility manager. Participants were excluded if they had insufficient English language skills. The results were presented in two groups, the nursing and care staff, using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total of 176 individuals from nine RACFs completed the questionnaire of whom 160 were eligible for study inclusion. Most considered polypharmacy to be five or more different tablets and capsules per day (95% nursing and 82% care staff respectively). A wide range of beliefs about medication use and deprescribing that centred on what constitutes appropriate polypharmacy was identified. Most thought that preventive medications were essential for residents. Most nurses agreed that sleeping tablets and pharmacological management of verbal aggression and wandering behaviours should be used less frequently whilst most care staff agreed that medications should be used more frequently to manage physical aggression. CONCLUSIONS: To successfully and sustainably optimise medication use in RACF resident...

Lowe, R, Jelčić Jakšić, S, Onslow, M, O’Brian, S, Vanryckeghem, M, Millard, S, Kelman, E, Block, S, Franken, M-C, Van Eerdenbrugh, S, Menzies, R, Shenker, R, Byrd, C, Bosshardt, H-G, del Gado, F & Lim, V 2021, 'Contemporary issues with stuttering: The Fourth Croatia Stuttering Symposium', Journal of Fluency Disorders, vol. 70, pp. 105844-105844.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Purpose: During the 2019 Fourth Croatia Clinical Symposium, speech-language pathologists (SLPs), scholars, and researchers from 29 countries discussed speech-language pathology and psychological practices for the management of early and persistent stuttering. This paper documents what those at the Symposium considered to be the key contemporary clinical issues for early and persistent stuttering.Methods: The authors prepared a written record of the discussion of Symposium topics, taking care to ensure that the content of the Symposium was faithfully reproduced in written form.Results: Seven contemporary issues for our field emerged from the Symposium.Conclusion: Effective early intervention is fundamental to proper health care for the disorder. However, as yet, there is no consensus about the timing of early intervention and how it should be managed. Currently, clinical translation is a barrier to evidence-based practice with early stuttering, and proactive strategies were suggested for junior SLPs. Apprehension emerged among some discussants that treatment of early stuttering may cause anxiety. For persistent stuttering, assessment procedures were recommended, as were strategies for dealing with childhood bullying. There was agreement that SLPs are the ideal professionals to provide basic cognitive-behavior therapy for clients with persistent stuttering. Questions were raised about our discipline standards for basic professional preparation programs for stuttering management.

Lowe, R, Menzies, R, Onslow, M, Packman, A & O'Brian, S 2021, 'Speech and Anxiety Management With Persistent Stuttering: Current Status and Essential Research', Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 59-74.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

PurposeThe purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of the current evidence base for the behavioral management of stuttering and associated social anxiety.MethodWe overview recent research about stuttering and social anxiety in the context of contemporary cognitive models of social anxiety disorder. That emerging evidence for self-focused attention and safety behavior use with those who stutter is considered in relation to current treatment approaches for stuttering: speech restructuring and social anxiety management.ResultsThe emerging information about social anxiety and stuttering suggests a conflict between the two clinical approaches. For those clients who wish to control their stuttering and where speech restructuring is deemed the most suitable approach, it is possible that speech restructuring may (a) induce or increase self-focused attention, (b) promote the use of safety behaviors, and (c) become a safety behavior itself. This conflict needs to be explored further within clinical and research contexts.ConclusionsThe issues raised in this review article are complex. It appears that evidence-based speech treatment procedures are in conflict with current best-practice treatment procedures that deal with social anxiety. In this review article, we propose directions for future research to inform the development of improved treatments for those who stutter and recommendations for interim clinical management of stuttering.

Luo, A & McAloon, J 2021, 'Potential mechanisms of change in cognitive behavioral therapy for childhood anxiety: A meta‐analysis', Depression and Anxiety, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 220-232.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is regarded as an effective treatment for anxiety disorders in childhood. Researchers have begun to investigate potential mechanisms of change that drive these positive outcomes, including shifts in cognitions, behavior, and affect. However, few studies have established the mediational effects of these factors as a proxy for establishing mechanistic change. This meta-analysis attempts to synthesize the literature on potential mechanisms of change in CBT for childhood anxiety and investigates the mediational effects of these factors on treatment outcomes. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. Across studies, five potential mediators were identified: externalizing difficulties, negative self-talk, coping, fear, and depression. Results indicated that CBT was effective in improving outcomes on all potential mediators, except for fear. Mediational analyses showed that externalizing difficulties, negative self-talk, coping, and depression mediated anxiety following treatment. Fear did not mediate the relationship. Implications for future mechanisms of change research are proposed.

Maas, ET, Juch, JNS, Ostelo, RWJG, Groeneweg, JG, Kallewaard, J-W, Koes, BW, Verhagen, AP, van Dongen, JM, van Tulder, MW & Huygen, FJPM 2021, 'Author Reply', Value in Health, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 1235-1236.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Macniven, R, Coombes, J, Wilson, R, Simon, A, Mackean, T, Hunter, K, Ma, T, Gwynn, J, Sherrington, C, Tiedemann, A, Hill, A-M, Delbaere, K, Lewis, C, Bennett-Brook, K, Howie, A, Stewart, G, Shakespeare, M, Rogers, K, Ivers, RQ & Clapham, K 2021, 'Understanding implementation factors and participant experiences of a cluster randomised controlled trial to prevent falls among older Aboriginal people: a process evaluation protocol', Injury Prevention, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 293-298.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Introduction Process evaluations examining programme implementation are often conducted in conjunction with effectiveness studies. Their inclusion in studies with Aboriginal participants can give an understanding of programme delivery in Aboriginal community contexts. The Ironbark: Standing Strong and Tall programme was codesigned with Aboriginal communities and includes exercise and facilitated ‘yarning’ discussion about fall risk and prevention strategies. The programme pilot showed favourable outcomes and acceptability for Aboriginal people aged 45 years and over. The Ironbark: Standing Strong and Tall programme is now being compared with a ‘Healthy Community’ programme in a cluster randomised controlled trial within Aboriginal health and community services. An embedded process evaluation aims to explore relationships between participation and programme outcomes and the quality of programme implementation. Methods and analysis The process evaluation will use a mixed methods design, guided by Indigenous research methodology. It will evaluate quantitative data (number of completed sessions, site coaching checklist tool, participant ...

Maher, CG, Hayden, JA, Saragiotto, BT, Yamato, TP & Bagg, MK 2021, 'Letter in response to: ‘Which specific modes of exercise training are most effective for treating low back pain? Network meta-analysis’ by Owen et al', British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 285-286.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Marsh, HW, Parker, PD, Guo, J, Basarkod, G, Niepel, C & Van Zanden, B 2021, 'Illusory gender-equality paradox, math self-concept, and frame-of-reference effects: New integrative explanations for multiple paradoxes.', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 121, no. 1, pp. 168-183.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Gender-equality paradoxes (GEPs) posit that gender gaps in math self-concepts (MSCs) are larger-not smaller-in countries with greater gender equality. These paradoxical results suggest that efforts to improve gender equality might be counterproductive. However, we show that this currently popular explanation of gender differences is an illusory, epi-phenomenon (485,490 students, 18,292 schools, 68 countries/regions). Between-country (absolute) measures of gender equality are confounded with achievement and socioeconomic-status; tiny GEPs disappear when controlling achievement and socioeconomic-status. Critically, even without controls GEPs are not supported when using true gender-gap measures-within-country (relative) female-male differences, that hold many confounds constant. This absolute/relative-gap distinction is more important than the composite/domain-specific distinction for understanding why even tiny GEPs are illusory. Recent developments in academic self-concept theory are relevant to GEPs and gender differences, but also explain other, related paradoxes. The big-fish little pond effect posits that attending schools with high school-average math achievements leads to lower MSCs. Extending this theoretical model to the country-level, we show that countries with high country-average math achievements also have lower MSCs. Dimensional comparison theory predicts that MSCs are positively predicted by math achievements but negatively predicted by verbal achievements. Extending this theoretical model, we show that girls' low MSCs are due more to girls' high verbal achievements that detract from their MSCs than to their low math achievements. In support of the pan-human wide generalizability of our findings, our cross-national results generalize over 68 country/regions as well as multiple math self-belief constructs (self-efficacy, anxiety, interest, utility, future plans) and multiple gender-equality measures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA,...

Marshall, AP, Austin, DE, Chamberlain, D, Chapple, L-AS, Cree, M, Fetterplace, K, Foster, M, Freeman–Sanderson, A, Fyfe, R, Grealy, BA, Hodak, A, Holley, A, Kruger, P, Kucharski, G, Pollock, W, Ridley, E, Stewart, P, Thomas, P, Torresi, K & Williams, L 2021, 'A critical care pandemic staffing framework in Australia', Australian Critical Care, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 123-131.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Background

Pandemics and the large-scale outbreak of infectious disease can significantly impact morbidity and mortality worldwide. The impact on intensive care resources can be significant and often require modification of service delivery, a key element which includes rapid expansion of the critical care workforce. Pandemics are also unpredictable, which necessitates rapid decision-making and action which, in the lack of experience and guidance, may be extremely challenging. Recognising the potential strain on intensive care units (ICUs), particularly on staffing, a working group was formed for the purpose of developing recommendations to support decision-making during rapid service expansion.

Methods

The Critical Care Pandemic Staffing Working Party (n = 21), representing nursing, allied health, and medical disciplines, has used a modified consensus approach to provide recommendations to inform multidisciplinary workforce capacity expansion planning in critical care.

Results

A total of 60 recommendations have been proposed which reflect general recommendations as well as those specific to maintaining the critical care workforce, expanding the critical care workforce, rostering and allocation of the critical care workforce, nurse-specific recommendations for staffing the ICU, education support and training during ICU surge situations, workforce support, models of care, and de-escalation.

Conclusion

These recommendations are provided with the intent that they be used to guide interdisciplinary decision-making, and we suggest that careful consideration is given to the local context to determine which recommendations are most appropriate to implement and how they are prioritised. Ongoing evaluation of recommendation implementation and impact will be necessary, particularly in rapidly changing clinical contexts.

McAloon, J 2021, 'The Impact of Maternal HPA Activity on Postnatal Outcomes, A Narrative Review', Academic Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1-6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The purpose of this review is to describe the relationship between prenatal overexposure to maternal HPA activity and adverse postnatal effects in human offspring. First, we will discuss the function of the HPA axis during pregnancy and the theory underpinning its role in offspring outcomes will be described. Following this, research examining the relationship between maternal HPA activity and offspring birth and development will be outlined. We will conclude with a discussion of the implications for future research.

McCambridge, AB, Nasser, AM, Mehta, P, Stubbs, PW & Verhagen, AP 2021, 'Has Reporting on Physical Therapy Interventions Improved in 2 Decades? An Analysis of 140 Trials Reporting on 225 Interventions', Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, vol. 51, no. 10, pp. 503-509.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Objectives To investigate the completeness of reporting of physical therapy interventions in randomized controlled trials before and after publication of the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist (a reporting guideline for interventions). Design Meta-research. Methods We searched 6 journals for trials using physical therapy interventions that were published in 2000 and 2018. Two independent assessors scored the TIDieR checklist and extracted descriptive information, including Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale scores. We identified control or treatment interventions, exercise-based interventions, and area of physical therapy. We performed a descriptive analysis and defined a priori a 20% difference between studies published in 2000 and 2018 as meaningful. We assessed correlations between TIDieR and PEDro scale scores for all interventions. Results In total, 140 articles that met selection criteria evaluated 225 interventions (2000, n = 61; 2018, n = 164). Mean ± SD TIDieR score (2000, 7.52 ± 2.62; 2018, 8.26 ± 2.26) did not show a meaningful difference between years for all interventions (+5%), controls (+6%), treatment interventions (+6%), exercise-based interventions (+9%), or musculoskeletal (+4%) or neurological (+7%) physical therapy. For exercise interventions, number of sessions was reported more (+21%) in 2018 than in 2000. For musculoskeletal trials, 2 items were reported more completely in 2018 than in 2000 (materials, +29%; individual versus group, +22%) and 3 items were reported more completely in neurological trials (mode of delivery, +20%, [item 8.1] when +45%, and assessment of fidelity, +20%). The item “Who delivered the intervention?” was reported less completely (−23%) in 2018 than in 2000 in neurological trials. We found no correlation (r = 0.12) between PEDro scale score and TIDieR score. Conclusion There were few meaningful improvements in how physical therapy interventions were described after pu...

McCausland, J, Paparo, J & Wootton, BM 2021, 'Treatment barriers, preferences and histories of individuals with symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder', Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 582-595.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractBackground:Individuals with mental health concerns face many barriers when accessing psychological treatment. Even when patients overcome these barriers, they often do not receive an evidence-based treatment. Although the current literature highlights these issues clearly across psychological disorders, the research is limited in relation to body dysmorphic disorder (BDD).Aim:The aim of this study was to examine psychological treatment barriers, treatment delivery preferences and treatment histories of individuals with symptoms of BDD.Method:A total of 122 participants with clinically significant BDD symptoms (94% female; mean age = 34.19 years, SD = 10.86) completed the cross-sectional study.Results:The most frequently reported barriers to accessing psychological treatment for individuals with BDD symptoms were the cost of treatment (41%) and the belief that the symptoms did not warrant treatment (36%). Although 69% of treatment-seeking participants reported previously receiving cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for BDD, only 13% of participants appeared to receive best-practice CBT. The preferred modality of future psychological treatment delivery was face-to-face treatment with a therapist once a week (63%), rather than accelerated or remote treatment approaches.Conclusions:The study suggests that there are significant barriers to accessing CBT for BDD. Reducing these barriers, as well as increasing consumer mental health literacy, is required to improve treatment acc...

McDonald, S, Sharpe, L, MacCann, C & Blaszczynski, A 2021, 'The Role of Body Image on Psychosocial Outcomes in People With Diabetes and People With an Amputation', Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 11, p. 614369.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

IntroductionResearch indicates that body image disturbance is associated with poorer psychosocial outcomes for individuals with physical health conditions, with poorest body image reported for individuals with visible bodily changes. Using White’s (2000) theoretical model of body image the present paper aimed to examine the nature of these relationships in two distinct groups: individuals with an amputation and individuals with diabetes. It was hypothesized that body image disturbance would be associated with psychosocial outcomes and would mediate the relationships between self-ideal discrepancy and personal investment in psychosocial outcomes.MethodsIndividuals with diabetes (N = 212) and individuals with an amputation (N = 227) provided details regarding their medical condition, and completed measures assessing body image, investment, self-ideal discrepancy, depression, anxiety, and quality of life. Structural equation and invariance modeling were used to test the model paths and the invariance of the model.ResultsAs hypothesized, body image disturbance was found to mediate the relationships between personal investment and psychosocial outcome, and between self-ideal discrepancy and psychosocial outcome. The predicted paths were invariant across groups, although the model accounted for more variance in people with an amputation than people with diabetes.ConclusionBody image disturbance, personal investment, and self-ideal discrepancy are important factors contributing to psychosocial outcome for individuals with diabetes and individuals with an amputation. These findings not only confirm the validity of the model in these two groups, but they emphasize the importance of...

McEwen, A & Jacobs, C 2021, 'Preparing the genetic counseling workforce for the future in Australasia', Journal of Genetic Counseling, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 55-60.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractCurrent genetic counseling students will graduate into a workforce involving more opportunities, diversity, and uncertainty than any previous generation. Preparing the future genetic counseling workforce is a dynamic challenge, both for the profession and for educators. The dominance of the medical model in the state funded Australian healthcare system creates a power imbalance between doctors and other health professionals. As a result, professional regulation to protect the public from harm in line with the United States, the UK, and Canada only became mandatory in 2019. Professional regulation has the additional benefit of enhancing professional standing and autonomy, enabling genetic counselors to help shape the future of genetic health care in Australia and New Zealand. Within this rapidly evolving environment, we are establishing a new Masters’ program and building a discipline of genetic counseling, working alongside other allied health professionals. Our program involves synchronous and asynchronous learning, greater accessibility, flexibility and, as we have learned in 2020, reduction in disruption during a global pandemic. In this program, we foreground the inherent knowledge, skills, and values of genetic counseling, shifting the focus from provision of genetic and genomic tests, to educating competent, person‐centered, research enabled and culturally safe genetic counselors. As educators, we have a responsibility to prepare students to embrace the uncertainties, challenges, and potential of the genomic era, to seize the many possibilities that lie ahead, and to expand their thinking and vision. We ask our students to be courageous, to step into a deep exploration of their own identity, beliefs, understanding, and experiences of oppression, power, and privilege. We are pushing boundaries, and challenging ourselves and our students to remain always open to possibilities. Equipping students with open eye...

McEwen, A & Jacobs, C 2021, 'Who we are, what we do, and how we add value: The role of the genetic counseling ‘philosophy of practice’ statement in a changing time', Journal of Genetic Counseling, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 114-120.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractAs genetics and genomics are integrated into health care and non‐genetic health professionals deliver aspects of genetic counseling, it is increasingly important for genetic counselors to be able to define who we are, what we do, and how we add value to client interactions, both on an individual and professional basis. In this paper, we argue that to understand ourselves as individual practitioners and as a profession, we each need to reflect on, write, and constantly review our own philosophy of practice. A philosophy of practice is a dynamic, personal, and reflective statement or narrative that captures the core ideas, values, and beliefs of the individual about their chosen profession, including concrete examples of what this involves in practice. Here, we consider the nature, purpose, and relevance of a philosophy of genetic counseling practice, drawing on examples from professions such as teaching and nursing, where the exercise of writing a philosophy of practice is more established. We demonstrate how and why we have introduced writing a philosophy of practice into our Master of Genetic Counseling program at University of Technology Sydney and consider the possibilities for introducing such practice into professional registration or certification processes. Finally, we offer our own philosophy of genetic counseling practice as an example. As the roles and scope of practice for genetic counselors expand and diversify, it is increasingly important to understand, own, and retain our core values and principles as individual practitioners and as a profession. Ensuring client‐centered practice remains at the heart of genetic health care is vital. We encourage all genetic counselors to write, publish, and share their philosophy of practice, adding to our collective professional identity in this time of change and opportunity.

McEwen, A, Patch, C & Biesecker, B 2021, 'Second World Congress on Genetic Counseling: An introduction to the special issue', Journal of Genetic Counseling, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 5-6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

McGrath, M, Low, MA, Power, E, McCluskey, A & Lever, S 2021, 'Addressing Sexuality Among People Living With Chronic Disease and Disability: A Systematic Mixed Methods Review of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Health Care Professionals', Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol. 102, no. 5, pp. 999-1010.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Objective To systematically review health care professionals’ practices and attitudes toward addressing sexuality with people who are living with chronic disease and disability. Data Sources Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and MEDLINE were searched to August 2020 for English language publications. Reference lists of relevant publications were also searched. Study Selection Eligible studies reported on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of health care professionals about addressing sexuality in the context of chronic disease and disability. The search yielded 2492 records; 187 full texts were assessed for eligibility and 114 documents were included (103 unique studies). Study quality was rated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data Extraction Characteristics of included studies were recorded independently by 2 authors. Differences were resolved through discussion or by a third author. Data Synthesis A sequential, exploratory mixed studies approach was used for synthesis. Pooled analysis showed that 14.2% (95% CI, 10.6-18.9 [I2=94.8%, P<.001]) of health professionals report routinely asking questions or providing information about sexuality. Professionals reported limited confidence, competence, and/or comfort when initiating conversations about sexuality or responding to patient questions. Sexual rehabilitation typically focused on the effect of disease, disability, and medication on sexual function. Broader dimensions of sexuality were rarely addressed. Conclusion Despite recognizing the value of sexuality to health and well-being, most health professionals regardless of clinical context fail to routinely include assessment of sexuality in their practice. Professionals have limited knowledge and confidence when addressing sexuality and experience significant discomfort when raising this topic with people living with chronic disease and disability. Multicomponent implementa...

Mehta, M, Paudel, KR, Shukla, SD, Allam, VSRR, Kannaujiya, VK, Panth, N, Das, A, Parihar, VK, Chakraborty, A, Ali, MK, Jha, NK, Xenaki, D, Su, QP, Wich, PR, Adams, J, Hansbro, PM, Chellappan, DK, Oliver, BGG & Dua, K 2021, 'Recent trends of NFκB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide-based nanotherapeutics in lung diseases', Journal of Controlled Release, vol. 337, pp. 629-644.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Mehta, M, Paudel, KR, Shukla, SD, Shastri, MD, Satija, S, Singh, SK, Gulati, M, Dureja, H, Zacconi, FC, Hansbro, PM, Chellappan, DK & Dua, K 2021, 'Rutin-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles attenuate oxidative stress in bronchial epithelial cells: a PCR validation', Future Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 543-549.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Aim: In the present study, the inhibitory potential of rutin-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNs) on oxidative stress was determined in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) by analysing the expression levels of different antioxidant (NADPH quinine oxidoreductase-1 ( NQO1); γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase catalytic subunit ( GCLC)) and pro-oxidant (NADPH oxidase (Nox)-4; Nox2B) genes. Results: Our findings revealed that the rutin-loaded LCNs inhibited the genes, namely  Nox2B and Nox4, which caused oxidative stress. In addition, these nanoparticles demonstrated an upregulation in the expression of the antioxidant genes  Gclc and Nqo-1 in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: The study indicates the promising potential of rutin-loaded LCNs as an effective treatment strategy in patients with high oxidant loads in various respiratory diseases.

Merson, F, Newby, J, Shires, A, Millard, M & Mahoney, A 2021, 'The temporal stability of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale', Australian Psychologist, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 38-45.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Objective: The ten-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was designed as a screening tool to identify mental illness in epidemiological surveys. In recent years, it has also been employed in treatment studies and clinical settings to measure changes in psychological distress. However, no study to date has validated this extended use of the K10 by examining its temporal stability. This was the aim of the current study.Method: The K10 was administered on two occasions to a treatment-seeking sample (n = 289) and a non-treatment seeking sample (n = 129). To investigate the K10’s temporal stability over a range of clinically relevant time periods, test-retest reliability estimates were computed for multiple time intervals from 1–2 weeks to 8–13 weeks in the treatment-seeking sample.Results: For the testing interval of 1–2 weeks, the K10 demonstrated sound test-retest reliability in the treatment-seeking sample (ICC = .89; r = .80) and in the non-treatment-seeking sample (ICC = .86; r = .76). Comparable estimates were observed for the longer testing intervals in the treatment-seeking sample (ICCs = .84–.90; rs = .72–.81).Conclusion: This study provides evidence demonstrating the temporal stability of the K10, and supports its continued implementation as an outcome measure in mental health research and treatment.Key PointsWhat is already known about this topic: The Kessler-10 (K10) is widely used measure of psychological distress. It is a well-validated screener for mental illness used in epidemiological surveys. Although the K10 was not designed for assessing psychotherapy outcomes, it is now routinely used in this way.What this topic adds: To support the use of the K10 in psychotherapy evaluation, its test re-test reliability needs to be examined. The K10 demonstrated temporal stability over a variety of clinically relevant time intervals in treatment and non-treatment seeking samples.Our data support the use ...

Miao, M, Power, E, Rietdijk, R, Brunner, M & Togher, L 2021, 'Implementation of online psychosocial interventions for people with neurological conditions and their caregivers: A systematic review protocol', DIGITAL HEALTH, vol. 7, pp. 205520762110359-205520762110359.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Background As the burden of neurological conditions increases globally, online psychosocial interventions offer a potentially scalable solution to enabling healthcare access. However, their successful development and implementation require research into electronic healthcare implementation specifically. Methods Using a search strategy combining the concepts of implementation, electronic healthcare, psychosocial interventions and neurological conditions, we will conduct comprehensive electronic searches for primary implementation evidence in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, SpeechBITE and NeuroBITE databases. Included studies will be analysed according to the Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-Up, Spread, and Sustainability framework, appraised using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool and evaluated for theoretical underpinning in implementation science, with hybrid studies of effectiveness-implementation research classified according to the type of hybrid design. Discussion This review will be the first to use a theoretical underpinning in the Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-Up, Spread, and Sustainability framework to evaluate strengths and gaps in existing implementation research into online psychosocial interventions for people with neurological conditions and/or their caregivers. The results may be useful to provide direction and recommendations for future clinical implementation and research into online psychosocial interventions for people with neurological conditions and/or their caregivers. Systematic review registration PROSPERO 2020: CRD42020186387.

Miao, M, Power, E, Rietdijk, R, Brunner, M, Debono, D & Togher, L 2021, 'A Web-Based Service Delivery Model for Communication Training After Brain Injury: Protocol for a Mixed Methods, Prospective, Hybrid Type 2 Implementation-Effectiveness Study', JMIR Research Protocols, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. e31995-e31995.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Background Acquired brain injuries (ABIs) commonly cause cognitive-communication disorders, which can have a pervasive psychosocial impact on a person’s life. More than 135 million people worldwide currently live with ABI, and this large and growing burden is increasingly surpassing global rehabilitation service capacity. A web-based service delivery model may offer a scalable solution. The Social Brain Toolkit is an evidence-based suite of 3 web-based communication training interventions for people with ABI and their communication partners. Successful real-world delivery of web-based interventions such as the Social Brain Toolkit requires investigation of intervention implementation in addition to efficacy and effectiveness. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the implementation and effectiveness of the Social Brain Toolkit as a web-based service delivery model. Methods This is a mixed methods, prospective, hybrid type 2 implementation-effectiveness study, theoretically underpinned by the Nonadoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) framework of digital health implementation. We will document implementation strategies preemptively deployed to support the launch of the Social Brain Toolkit interventions, as well as implementation strategies identified by end users through formative evaluation of the Social Brain Toolkit. We will prospectively observe implementation outcomes, selected on the basis of the NASSS framework, through quantitative web analytics of intervention use, qualitative and quantitative pre- and postintervention survey data from all users within a specified sample frame, and qualitative interviews with a subset of us...

Miao, M, Power, E, Rietdijk, R, Brunner, M, Togher, L & Debono, D 2021, 'The Social Brain Toolkit: Implementation Considerations from the Development of a Suite of Novel Online Social Communication Training Programs for Adults With Acquired Brain Injury and Their Communication Partners', Journal of Clinical Practice in Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 74-79.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Modini, M, Burton, A & Abbott, MJ 2021, 'Factors influencing inpatients perception of psychiatric hospitals: A meta-review of the literature', Journal of Psychiatric Research, vol. 136, pp. 492-500.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Inpatient psychiatric hospitals have remained a standard aspect of mental health treatment for many centuries. While numerous treatments have been empirically validated to assist inpatients, less is known about how inpatients perceive psychiatric hospitals. A meta-review, which is a systematic review of systematic reviews, was conducted to examine the factors reported by inpatients which affect their perception of psychiatric hospitals. MEDLINE, PsycINFO and EMBASE were systematically searched. Reviews that considered the perception of adults with mental illness admitted to an inpatient psychiatric hospital were eligible for inclusion. The AMSTAR-2 was used to assess for methodological quality and bias of eligible reviews, with reviews judged to have critical issues excluded. Thematic synthesis was used to detect key overarching factors that generalised across multiple reviews. Twelve systematic reviews were included of which seven key factors were extracted. These were; relationships on the ward, the ward environment, coercive measures, legal status, autonomy, feeling deserving of care, and expectations of care at admission and discharge. Inpatients report several factors that need to be considered when creating a therapeutic environment in a psychiatric hospital. While the importance of therapeutic rapport was the most consistently referenced factor in the included reviews, all factors are likely interwoven and modifiable. Limitations of this meta-review and directions for future research are discussed.

Möller, H, Ivers, R, Cullen, P, Rogers, K, Boufous, S, Patton, G & Senserrick, T 2021, 'Risky youth to risky adults: Sustained increased risk of crash in the DRIVE study 13 years on', Preventive Medicine, vol. 153, pp. 106786-106786.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Mőller, H, Rogers, K, Cullen, P, Senserrick, T, Boufous, S & Ivers, R 2021, 'Socioeconomic status during youth and risk of car crash during adulthood. Findings from the DRIVE cohort study', Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, vol. 75, no. 8, pp. 755-763.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

BackgroundYoung drivers of low socioeconomic status (SES) have a disproportionally high risk of crashing compared with their more affluent counterparts. Little is known if this risk persists into adulthood and if it differs between men and women.MethodsWe used data from a 2003/2004 Australian survey of young drivers (n=20 806), which included measures of drivers’ demographics and established crash risk factors. These data were linked to police-reported crash, hospital and death data up to 2016. We used negative binomial regression models to estimate the association between participants’ SES, with car crash.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding, drivers of lowest SES had 1.30 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.42), 1.90 (95% CI 1.25 to 2.88), 3.09 (95% CI 2.41 to 3.95) and 2.28 (95% CI 1.85 to 2.82) times higher rate of crash, crash-related hospitalisation, crash in country areas and crash on streets with a speed limit of 80 km/hour or above compared with drivers of highest SES, respectively. For single-vehicle crashes, women in the lowest SES groups had 2.88 (95% CI 1.83 to 4.54) times higher rate of crash compared with those in the highest SES group, but no differences were observed for men from different SES groups.ConclusionYoung drivers who lived in areas of low SES at the time of the survey had a sustained increased risk of crash over the following 13 years compared with drivers from the most affluent areas. Our findings suggest that in addition to traditional measures, road transport injury prevention needs to consider the wider social determinants of health.

Morgan, IG, Wu, P-C, Ostrin, LA, Tideman, JWL, Yam, JC, Lan, W, Baraas, RC, He, X, Sankaridurg, P, Saw, S-M, French, AN, Rose, KA & Guggenheim, JA 2021, 'IMI Risk Factors for Myopia', Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 3-3.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Risk factor analysis provides an important basis for developing interventions for any condition. In the case of myopia, evidence for a large number of risk factors has been presented, but they have not been systematically tested for confounding. To be useful for designing preventive interventions, risk factor analysis ideally needs to be carried through to demonstration of a causal connection, with a defined mechanism. Statistical analysis is often complicated by covariation of variables, and demonstration of a causal relationship between a factor and myopia using Mendelian randomization or in a randomized clinical trial should be aimed for. When strict analysis of this kind is applied, associations between various measures of educational pressure and myopia are consistently observed. However, associations between more nearwork and more myopia are generally weak and inconsistent, but have been supported by meta-analysis. Associations between time outdoors and less myopia are stronger and more consistently observed, including by meta-analysis. Measurement of nearwork and time outdoors has traditionally been performed with questionnaires, but is increasingly being pursued with wearable objective devices. A causal link between increased years of education and more myopia has been confirmed by Mendelian randomization, whereas the protective effect of increased time outdoors from the development of myopia has been confirmed in randomized clinical trials. Other proposed risk factors need to be tested to see if they modulate these variables. The evidence linking increased screen time to myopia is weak and inconsistent, although limitations on screen time are increasingly under consideration as interventions to control the epidemic of myopia.

Moussa, L, Benrimoj, S, Musial, K, Kocbek, S & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2021, 'Data-driven approach for tailoring facilitation strategies to overcome implementation barriers in community pharmacy', Implementation Science, vol. 16, no. 1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Background Implementation research has delved into barriers to implementing change and interventions for the implementation of innovation in practice. There remains a gap, however, that fails to connect implementation barriers to the most effective implementation strategies and provide a more tailored approach during implementation. This study aimed to explore barriers for the implementation of professional services in community pharmacies and to predict the effectiveness of facilitation strategies to overcome implementation barriers using machine learning techniques. Methods Six change facilitators facilitated a 2-year change programme aimed at implementing professional services across community pharmacies in Australia. A mixed methods approach was used where barriers were identified by change facilitators during the implementation study. Change facilitators trialled and recorded tailored facilitation strategies delivered to overcome identified barriers. Barriers were coded according to implementation factors derived from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and the Theoretical Domains Framework. Tailored facilitation strategies were coded into 16 facilitation categories. To predict the effectiveness of these strategies, data mining with random forest was used to provide the highest level of accuracy. A predictive resolution percentage was established for each implementation strategy in relation to the barriers that were resolved by that particular strategy. Results During the 2-year programme, 1131 barriers and facilitation strategies were recorded by change facilitators. The most frequently identified barriers...

Nesbitt, H, Burke, C & Haghi, M 2021, 'Manipulation of the Upper Respiratory Microbiota to Reduce Incidence and Severity of Upper Respiratory Viral Infections: A Literature Review', Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 12, p. 713703.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

There is a high incidence of upper respiratory viral infections in the human population, with infection severity being unique to each individual. Upper respiratory viruses have been associated previously with secondary bacterial infection, however, several cross-sectional studies analyzed in the literature indicate that an inverse relationship can also occur. Pathobiont abundance and/or bacterial dysbiosis can impair epithelial integrity and predispose an individual to viral infection. In this review we describe common commensal microorganisms that have the capacity to reduce the abundance of pathobionts and maintain bacterial symbiosis in the upper respiratory tract and discuss the potential and limitations of localized probiotic formulations of commensal bacteria to reduce the incidence and severity of viral infections.

Nisselle, A, Janinski, M, Martyn, M, McClaren, B, Kaunein, N, Maguire, J, Riggs, ER, Barlow-Stewart, K, Belcher, A, Bernat, JA, Best, S, Bishop, M, Carroll, JC, Cornel, M, Dissanayake, VHW, Dodds, A, Dunlop, K, Garg, G, Gear, R, Graves, D, Knight, K, Korf, B, Kumar, D, Laurino, M, Ma, A, Maguire, J, Mallett, A, McCarthy, M, McEwen, A, Mulder, N, Patel, C, Quinlan, C, Reed, K, Riggs, ER, Sinnerbrink, I, Slavotinek, A, Suppiah, V, Terrill, B, Tobias, ES, Tonkin, E, Trumble, S, Wessels, T-M, Metcalfe, S, Jordan, H & Gaff, C 2021, 'Ensuring best practice in genomics education and evaluation: reporting item standards for education and its evaluation in genomics (RISE2 Genomics)', Genetics in Medicine, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 1356-1365.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Purpose

Widespread, quality genomics education for health professionals is required to create a competent genomic workforce. A lack of standards for reporting genomics education and evaluation limits the evidence base for replication and comparison. We therefore undertook a consensus process to develop a recommended minimum set of information to support consistent reporting of design, development, delivery, and evaluation of genomics education interventions.

Methods

Draft standards were derived from literature (25 items from 21 publications). Thirty-six international experts were purposively recruited for three rounds of a modified Delphi process to reach consensus on relevance, clarity, comprehensiveness, utility, and design.

Results

The final standards include 18 items relating to development and delivery of genomics education interventions, 12 relating to evaluation, and 1 on stakeholder engagement.

Conclusion

These Reporting Item Standards for Education and its Evaluation in Genomics (RISE2 Genomics) are intended to be widely applicable across settings and health professions. Their use by those involved in reporting genomics education interventions and evaluation, as well as adoption by journals and policy makers as the expected standard, will support greater transparency, consistency, and comprehensiveness of reporting. Consequently, the genomics education evidence base will be more robust, enabling high-quality education and evaluation across diverse settings.

Norton, AR, Abbott, MJ, Dobinson, KA, Pepper, KL & Guastella, AJ 2021, 'Rescripting Social Trauma: A Pilot Study Investigating Imagery Rescripting as an Adjunct to Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder', Cognitive Therapy and Research, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 1180-1192.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

O’Shea, R, Taylor, N, Crook, A, Jacobs, C, Jung Kang, Y, Lewis, S & Rankin, NM 2021, 'Health system interventions to integrate genetic testing in routine oncology services: A systematic review', PLOS ONE, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. e0250379-e0250379.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

BackgroundIntegration of genetic testing into routine oncology care could improve access to testing. This systematic review investigated interventions and the tailored implementation strategies aimed at increasing access to genetic counselling and testing and identifying hereditary cancer in oncology.MethodsThe search strategy results were reported using the PRISMA statement and four electronic databases were searched. Eligible studies included routine genetic testing for breast and ovarian cancer or uptake after universal tumour screening for colorectal or endometrial cancer. The titles and abstracts were reviewed and the full text articles screened for eligibility. Data extraction was preformed using a designed template and study appraisal was assessed using an adapted Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Extracted data were mapped to Proctor’s et al outcomes and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and qualitatively synthesised.ResultsTwenty-seven studies, published up to May 2020, met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-five studies ranged from poor (72%), fair to good (28%) quality. Most interventions identified were complex (multiple components) such as; patient or health professional education, interdisciplinary practice and a documentation or system change. Forty-eight percent of studies with complex interventions demonstrated on average a 35% increase in access to genetic counselling and a 15% increase in testing completion.Mapping of study outcomes showed that 70% and 32% of the studies aligned with either the service and client or the implementation level outcome and 96% to the process or inner setting domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Park, HA, Neumeyer, S, Michailidou, K, Bolla, MK, Wang, Q, Dennis, J, Ahearn, TU, Andrulis, IL, Anton-Culver, H, Antonenkova, NN, Arndt, V, Aronson, KJ, Augustinsson, A, Baten, A, Beane Freeman, LE, Becher, H, Beckmann, MW, Behrens, S, Benitez, J, Bermisheva, M, Bogdanova, NV, Bojesen, SE, Brauch, H, Brenner, H, Brucker, SY, Burwinkel, B, Campa, D, Canzian, F, Castelao, JE, Chanock, SJ, Chenevix-Trench, G, Clarke, CL, Børresen-Dale, A-L, Grenaker Alnæs, GI, Sahlberg, KK, Ottestad, L, Kåresen, R, Schlichting, E, Holmen, MM, Sauer, T, Haakensen, V, Engebråten, O, Naume, B, Fosså, A, Kiserud, CE, Reinertsen, KV, Helland, Å, Riis, M, Geisler, J, Conroy, DM, Couch, FJ, Cox, A, Cross, SS, Czene, K, Daly, MB, Devilee, P, Dörk, T, dos-Santos-Silva, I, Dwek, M, Eccles, DM, Eliassen, AH, Engel, C, Eriksson, M, Evans, DG, Fasching, PA, Flyger, H, Fritschi, L, García-Closas, M, García-Sáenz, JA, Gaudet, MM, Giles, GG, Glendon, G, Goldberg, MS, Goldgar, DE, González-Neira, A, Grip, M, Guénel, P, Hahnen, E, Haiman, CA, Håkansson, N, Hall, P, Hamann, U, Han, S, Harkness, EF, Hart, SN, He, W, Heemskerk-Gerritsen, BAM, Hopper, JL, Hunter, DJ, Clarke, C, Marsh, D, Scott, R, Baxter, R, Yip, D, Carpenter, J, Davis, A, Pathmanathan, N, Simpson, P, Graham, D, Sachchithananthan, M, Amor, D, Andrews, L, Antill, Y, Balleine, R, Beesley, J, Bennett, I, Bogwitz, M, Botes, L, Brennan, M, Brown, M, Buckley, M, Burke, J, Butow, P, Caldon, L, Campbell, I, Chauhan, D, Chauhan, M, Chenevix-Trench, G, Christian, A, Cohen, P, Colley, A, Crook, A, Cui, J, Cummings, M, Dawson, S-J, DeFazio, A, Delatycki, M, Dickson, R, Dixon, J, Edkins, T, Edwards, S, Farshid, G, Fellows, A, Fenton, G, Field, M, Flanagan, J, Fong, P, Forrest, L, Fox, S, French, J, Friedlander, M, Gaff, C, Gattas, M, George, P, Greening, S, Harris, M, Hart, S, Hayward, N, Hopper, J, Hoskins, C, Hunt, C, James, P, Jenkins, M, Kidd, A, Kirk, J, Koehler, J, Kollias, J, Lakhani, S, Lawrence, M, Lindeman, G, Lipton, L, Lobb, L, Mann, G, Marsh, D, McLachlan, SA, Meiser, B, Milne, R, Nightingale, S, O’Connell, S, O’Sullivan, S, Ortega, DG, Pachter, N, Patterson, B, Pearn, A, Phillips, K, Pieper, E, Rickard, E, Robinson, B, Saleh, M, Salisbury, E, Saunders, C, Saunus, J, Scott, R, Scott, C, Sexton, A, Shelling, A, Simpson, P, Southey, M, Spurdle, A, Taylor, J, Taylor, R, Thorne, H, Trainer, A, Tucker, K & et al. 2021, 'Mendelian randomisation study of smoking exposure in relation to breast cancer risk', British Journal of Cancer, vol. 125, no. 8, pp. 1135-1145.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Background Despite a modest association between tobacco smoking and breast cancer risk reported by recent epidemiological studies, it is still equivocal whether smoking is causally related to breast cancer risk. Methods We applied Mendelian randomisation (MR) to evaluate a potential causal effect of cigarette smoking on breast cancer risk. Both individual-level data as well as summary statistics for 164 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reported in genome-wide association studies of lifetime smoking index (LSI) or cigarette per day (CPD) were used to obtain MR effect estimates. Data from 108,420 invasive breast cancer cases and 87,681 controls were used for the LSI analysis and for the CPD analysis conducted among ever-smokers from 26,147 cancer cases and 26,072 controls. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to address pleiotropy. Results Genetically predicted LSI was associated with increased breast cancer risk (OR 1.18 per SD, 95% CI: 1.07–1.30, P = 0.11 × 10–2), but there was no evidence of association for genetically predicted CPD (OR 1.02, 95% CI: 0.78–1.19, P = 0.85). The sensitivity analyses yielded similar results and showed no strong evidence of pleiotropic effect. Conclusion Our MR study provides supportive evidence for a potential causal association with breast cancer risk for lifetime smoking exposure but not cigarettes per day among smokers.

Park, V, Onslow, M, Lowe, R, Jones, M, O’Brian, S, Packman, A, Menzies, RG, Block, S, Wilson, L, Harrison, E & Hewat, S 2021, 'Psychological characteristics of early stuttering', International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 622-631.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to use psychological measures of pre-schoolers who stutter and their parents to inform causal theory development and influence clinical practices. This was done using data from a substantive clinical cohort of children who received early stuttering treatment.Method: The cohort (N = 427) comprised parents and their children who were treated with the Lidcombe Program, the Westmead Program, and the Oakville Program. The study incorporated demographic information, stuttering severity, and child and parent psychological measures prior to treatment.Result: The cohort revealed nothing unusual about behavioural and emotional functioning, or the temperaments, of pre-school children that would influence treatment, be targeted during treatment, or influence causal theory development. However, a third of parents were experiencing moderate to high life stressors at the time of seeking treatment, and half the parents failed first-stage screening for Anankastic Personality Disorder.Conclusion: The present results are consistent with a number of previous reports that showed that the population of pre-schoolers who stutter have no unusual psychological profiles. Hence, these results suggest that the association between mental health and stuttering later in life is a consequence of the disorder rather than being a part of its cause. The finding of the life stress of parents who seek stuttering treatment for pre-school children has potential clinical importance and warrants further investigation. Further psychological research is required about parents of pre-school children who stutter, because half the parents in the cohort failed the screener for Anankastic Personality Disorder. This is of interest because a previous study associated screening failure for another personality disorder (Impulsive Personality Disorder) with treatment dropout for early childhood stuttering.

Park, V, Onslow, M, Lowe, R, Jones, M, O'Brian, S, Packman, A, Menzies, R, Block, S, Wilson, L, Harrison, E & Hewat, S 2021, 'Predictors of Lidcombe Program treatment dropout and outcome for early stuttering', International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 102-115.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractBackgroundInformation is available about what predicts Lidcombe Program treatment time, but nothing is known about what predicts treatment prognosis.AimsTo investigate the predictors of treatment dropout and treatment outcome for children who were treated for early stuttering with the Lidcombe Program (N = 277).Methods & ProceduresA total of 32 variables were used as predictors in regression analyses of short‐ and medium‐term Lidcombe Program outcome, and of treatment dropout.Outcomes & ResultsRegression analyses associated children who have better language skills and easy temperament with better treatment outcome, although only a small portion of the variance of treatment outcome was accounted for by these variables. There was an association between treatment dropout and parental scores on a personality screening tool relating to their impulsivity.Conclusions & ImplicationsVariables identified as predictors of Lidcombe Program treatment outcome were statistically significant, but not clinically significant. They did not account for a clinically substantive portion of treatment outcomes. Findings about parental impulsivity and their relationship with intervention drop‐out require replication with prospective methods and comprehensive assessment of parent psychological status. This is particularly important because parents are involved in conducting all early interventions.What this paper addsWhat is already known on the subject

Pate, JW & McCambridge, AB 2021, 'Single Case Experimental Design: A New Approach for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Research?', Frontiers in Neuroergonomics, vol. 2, p. 678579.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Pate, JW, Simons, LE, Rush, G, Hancock, MJ, Hush, JM, Verhagen, A & Pacey, V 2021, 'The Concept of Pain Inventory for Adults (COPI-Adult)', The Clinical Journal of Pain, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 32-40.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Objectives: Assessing knowledge and beliefs regarding pain science can identify gaps and misconceptions. The Concept of Pain Inventory (COPI) was recently developed in children with the intent to guide targeted pain science education. We utilized the original COPI item pool to (1) develop a tool to assess an adult’s concept of pain in a cohort who had not received pain science education, (2) evaluate its psychometric properties, (3) examine distribution of scores in a cohort of adults who had received pain science education, and (4) examine associations between scores and clinical variables. Materials and Methods: A total cohort of 627 adults were recruited through social media for an online survey. Initial development was conducted on those who had not received prior pain science education (n=125), then the COPI-Adult tool was tested in those who had received prior pain science education (n=502). Results: The resulting unidimensional 13-item COPI-Adult had acceptable internal consistency (α=0.78) and good test-retest reliability at 1 week (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient3,1=0.84 (95% confidence interval: 0.71-0.91). Higher COPI-Adult scores reflect greater alignment with contemporary pain science. COPI-Adult scores were correlated with revised Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (rNPQ) scores and inversely correlated with average and current pain intensity, and pain interference. Adults who reported having received pain science education had significantly higher mean COPI-Adult scores than those who had not, and this difference exceeded the smallest detectable change. Dis...

Pate, JW, Tran, E, Radhakrishnan, S & Leaver, AM 2021, 'The Importance of Perceived Relevance: A Qualitative Evaluation of Patient’s Perceptions of Value and Impact Following a Low-Intensity Group-Based Pain Management Program', Medicina, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 46-46.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Background and objectives: Limited evidence exists exploring perceptions of which aspects of a pain management program are perceived as valuable and impactful. The aim of this study was to explore patient beliefs about which aspects of a pain management program were valued and/or had perceived impact. Materials and Methods: One-on-one structured interviews were conducted with 11 adults three months after their completion of the Spark Pain Program at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Concepts in the transcripts were inductively identified and explored, utilizing thematic analysis to better understand their relevance to the study aim. Results: Four themes emerged: (1) “The program overall was positive, but…”; (2) “I valued my improved knowledge and understanding of pain, but…”; (3) “I valued the stretching/relaxation/pacing/activity monitoring”; and (4) “I valued being part of a supportive and understanding group”. Participants reported that they liked being treated as an individual within the group. A lack of perceived personal relevance of key messages was identified in some participants; it appears that patients in pain programs must determine that changes in knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes are personally relevant in order for the changes to have a significant impact on them. Conclusions: This study provides new insights into aspects of a pain management program that were perceived as valuable and impactful, areas that “missed the mark”, and hypotheses to guide the implementation of service delivery and program redesign.

Patel, VK, Williams, H, Li, SCH, Fletcher, JP & Medbury, HJ 2021, 'Monocyte Subset Recruitment Marker Profile Is Inversely Associated With Blood ApoA1 Levels', Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 12, pp. 1-11.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Dyslipidemia promotes development of the atherosclerotic plaques that characterise cardiovascular disease. Plaque progression requires the influx of monocytes into the vessel wall, but whether dyslipidemia is associated with an increased potential of monocytes to extravasate is largely unknown. Here (using flow cytometry) we examined recruitment marker expression on monocytes from generally healthy individuals who differed in lipid profile. Comparisons were made between monocyte subsets, participants and relative to participants’ lipid levels. Monocyte subsets differed significantly in their expression of recruitment markers, with highest expression being on either the classical or non-classical subsets. However, these inter-subset differences were largely overshadowed by considerable inter-participant differences with some participants having higher levels of recruitment markers on all three monocyte subsets. Furthermore, when the expression of one recruitment marker was high, so too was that of most of the other markers, with substantial correlations evident between the markers. The inter-participant differences were explained by lipid levels. Most notably, there was a significant inverse correlation for most markers with ApoA1 levels. Our results indicate that dyslipidemia, in particular low levels of ApoA1, is associated with an increased potential of all monocyte subsets to extravasate, and to do so using a wider repertoire of recruitment markers than currently appreciated.

Paudel, KR, Wadhwa, R, Tew, XN, Lau, NJX, Madheswaran, T, Panneerselvam, J, Zeeshan, F, Kumar, P, Gupta, G, Anand, K, Singh, SK, Jha, NK, MacLoughlin, R, Hansbro, NG, Liu, G, Shukla, SD, Mehta, M, Hansbro, PM, Chellappan, DK & Dua, K 2021, 'Rutin loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles inhibit non-small cell lung cancer proliferation and migration in vitro', Life Sciences, vol. 276, pp. 119436-119436.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Pearson, D, Watson, P & Le Pelley, ME 2021, 'How do competing influences of selection history interact? A commentary on Luck et al. (2021)', Visual Cognition, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 552-555.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Phillips, JR, Matar, E, Ehgoetz Martens, KA, Moustafa, AA, Halliday, GM & Lewis, SJG 2021, 'Evaluating a novel behavioral paradigm for visual hallucinations in Dementia with Lewy bodies', Aging Brain, vol. 1, pp. 100011-100011.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Pollens, R, Chahda, L, Freeman-Sanderson, A, Lalonde Myers, E & Mathison, B 2021, 'Supporting Crucial Conversations: Speech–Language Pathology Intervention in Palliative End-of-Life Care', Journal of Palliative Medicine, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 969-970.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Pool, J, Schmitt, M & Verhagen, A 2021, 'De rol van manuele therapie bij aspecifieke lagerugklachten', Huisarts en wetenschap, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 28-29.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Porykali, B, Cullen, P, Hunter, K, Rogers, K, Kang, M, Young, N, Senserrick, T, Clapham, K & Ivers, R 2021, 'The road beyond licensing: the impact of a driver licensing support program on employment outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians', BMC Public Health, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1-7.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Background With increasingly tough graduated driver licensing laws in all Australian States and Territories, driver licensing support programs are recognised as being important to support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to obtain a driver licence. Such programs appear to improve licensing attainment rates, but few studies have examined the broader impact that these programs can have. This research aims to 1) examine the impact of a New South Wales (NSW) based driver licensing support program (Driving Change) on client employment outcomes; 2) assess the influence of geographical area of program delivery on driver licence attainment. Methods Driving Change was delivered from February 2013 to August 2016 in 4 urban and 7 regional Aboriginal communities of NSW. Clients were followed-up at 6 months or more following contact with the program as part of routine program operations. Descriptive statistics and regression models were used to analyse data. Results From 933 clients contacted 254 agreed to provide feedback, a response rate of 27%. Those that responded were mostly female (57%), aged 24 years and under (72%), unemployed (85%) with secondary education or less (71%) and from a regional area (74%). Adjusted logistic regression indicated that clients who achieved an independent licence were more likely (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.22–5.24, p = 0.011) of reporting a new job or change in job than those who did not attain a licence. Clients from regional areas were more likely (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.27–2.33, p < 0.001) to gain an independent lic...

Poulos, RG, Boon, MY, George, A, Liu, KPY, Mak, M, Maurice, C, Palesy, D, Pont, LG, Poulos, CJ, Ramsey, S, Simpson, P, Steiner, GZ, Villarosa, AR, Watson, K & Parker, D 2021, 'Preparing for an aging Australia: The development of multidisciplinary core competencies for the Australian health and aged care workforce', Gerontology & Geriatrics Education, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 399-422.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Appropriately skilled staff are required to meet the health and care needs of aging populations yet, shared competencies for the workforce are lacking. This study aimed to develop multidisciplinary core competencies for health and aged care workers in Australia through a scoping review and Delphi survey. The scoping review identified 28 records which were synthesized through thematic analysis into draft domains and measurable competencies. Consensus was sought from experts over two Delphi rounds (n = 111 invited; n = 59 round one; n = 42 round two). Ten domains with 66 core competencies, to be interpreted and applied according to the worker's scope of practice were finalized. Consensus on multidisciplinary core competencies which are inclusive of a broad range of registered health professionals and unregistered aged care workers was achieved. Shared knowledge, attitudes, and skills across the workforce may improve the standard and coordination of person-centered, integrated care for older Australians from diverse backgrounds.

Prnjak, K & Jukic, I 2021, 'Development and validation of the Croatian version of the Eating DisorderExamination Questionnaire in a community sample', Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 859-868.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Pysar, R, Wallingford, CK, Boyle, J, Campbell, SB, Eckstein, L, McWhirter, R, Terrill, B, Jacobs, C & McInerney-Leo, AM 2021, 'Australian human research ethics committee members’ confidence in reviewing genomic research applications', European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 1811-1818.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Human research ethics committees (HRECs) are evaluating increasing quantities of genomic research applications with complex ethical considerations. Genomic confidence is reportedly low amongst many non-genetics-experts; however, no studies have evaluated genomic confidence levels in HREC members specifically. This study used online surveys to explore genomic confidence levels, predictors of confidence, and genomics resource needs of members from 185 HRECs across Australia. Surveys were fully or partially completed by 145 members. All reported having postgraduate 94 (86%) and/or bachelor 15 (14%) degrees. Participants consisted mainly of researchers (n = 45, 33%) and lay members (n = 41, 30%), affiliated with either public health services (n = 73, 51%) or public universities (n = 31, 22%). Over half had served their HREC [Formula: see text]3 years. Fifty (44%) reviewed genomic studies [Formula: see text]3 times annually. Seventy (60%) had undertaken some form of genomic education. While most (94/103, 91%) had high genomic literacy based on familiarity with genomic terms, average genomic confidence scores (GCS) were moderate (5.7/10, n = 119). Simple linear regression showed that GCS was positively associated with years of HREC service, frequency of reviewing genomic applications, undertaking self-reported genomic education, and familiarity with genomic terms (p < 0.05 for all). Conversely, lay members and/or those relying on others when reviewing genomic studies had lower GCSs (p < 0.05 for both). Most members (n = 83, 76%) agreed further resources would be valuable when reviewing genomic research applications, and online courses and printed materials were preferred. In conclusion, even well-educated HREC members familiar with genomic terms lack genomic confidence, which could be enhanced with additional genomic education and/or resources.

Rafiei, A, Rezaee, A, Hajati, F, Gheisari, S & Golzan, M 2021, 'SSP: Early prediction of sepsis using fully connected LSTM-CNN model', Computers in Biology and Medicine, vol. 128, pp. 104110-104110.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that occurs due to the body's reaction to infections, and it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitals. Early prediction of sepsis onset facilitates early interventions that promote the survival of suspected patients. However, reliable and intelligent systems for predicting sepsis are scarce.

Methods: This paper presents a novel technique called Smart Sepsis Predictor (SSP) to predict sepsis onset in patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). SSP is a deep neural network architecture that encompasses long short-term memory (LSTM), convolutional, and fully connected layers to achieve early prediction of sepsis. SSP can work in two modes; Mode 1 uses demographic data and vital signs, and Mode 2 uses laboratory test results in addition to demographic data and vital signs. To evaluate SSP, we have used the 2019 PhysioNet/CinC Challenge dataset, which includes the records of 40,366 patients admitted to the ICU.

Results: To compare SSP with existing state-of-the-art methods, we have measured the accuracy of the SSP in 4-, 8-, and 12-h prediction windows using publicly available data. Our results show that the SSP performance in Mode 1 and Mode 2 is much higher than existing methods, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.89 and 0.92, 0.88 and 0.87, and 0.86 and 0.84 for 4 h, 8 h, and 12 h before sepsis onset, respectively.

Conclusions: Using ICU data, sepsis onset can be predicted up to 12 h in advance. Our findings offer an early solution for mitigating the risk of sepsis onset.

Read, JR, Sharpe, L, Burton, AL, Areán, PA, Raue, PJ, McDonald, S, Titov, N, Gandy, M & Dear, BF 2021, 'Preventing depression in older people with multimorbidity: 24-month follow-up of a trial of internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy', Age and Ageing, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 2254-2258.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Background older people coping with the impacts of living with multimorbidity are at increased risk of developing a depressive disorder. Objective this article reports the 24-month results of a randomised controlled trial of an internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy, which aimed to test whether depressive disorders could be prevented in this population. Participants community-based participants aged 65 years and over, who had two or more chronic physical health conditions and were assessed as having no current depressive disorder. Methods in total, 302 participants were randomised to an 8-week, five-lesson, internet-delivered intervention program (n = 150) or treatment as usual (TAU, n = 152). The primary outcomes were cases of depressive disorder, assessed post-intervention and at 3-month intervals throughout the trial, and depressive symptoms, assessed at pre-intervention, post-intervention, 6, 12 and 24 months following the intervention. Results there were significantly fewer cases of depressive disorder in the intervention group (n = 23, 15%) compared with the TAU group (n = 41, 27%) during the 24 months after the intervention (χ2(1, N = 302) = 6.13, P = 0.013, odds ratio = 0.490 [95% confidence interval: 0.277, 0.867]), representing a 44% reduction in cases of depressive disorder. No differences were...

Reali, S, Lee, T, Bishop, J, Mirkov, S, Johnson, J, McCourt, E, Hughes, J, Pont, L, Page, AT & Penm, J 2021, 'Attitudes, barriers and facilitators of hospital pharmacists conducting practice‐based research: a systematic review', Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 192-202.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractIntroductionPractice‐based research is essential in enhancing medication knowledge, quality use of medicines, the scope of the pharmacy profession and improving patient outcomes. This systematic review aims to uncover the attitudes of hospital pharmacists towards practice‐based research and their perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to undertaking practice‐based research.MethodsA systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases from 1 January 2000 to 11 March 2021 was conducted. Peer‐reviewed empirical studies exploring hospital pharmacists’ perceptions of – as well as barriers and facilitators to – practice‐based research were included and a descriptive synthesis used to identify common themes.ResultsNine studies were included in this review. Barriers and facilitators across four broad themes were related to pharmacist capacity and capability, workplace environment, research resources, and research culture. Hospital pharmacists had a high interest in conducting research, but limited research experience. Common barriers identified were lack of time, workplace support, funding, research culture, and competing priorities. Having a post‐graduate qualification and a positive attitude towards research facilitated research participation. Departmental support, designated research time and creation of research networks and forums were seen as facilitators for practice‐based research.ConclusionHospital pharmacists recognise the importance of practice‐based research in improving knowledge, patient care and advancing pharmacy practice. However, large variation has been reported for their confidence ...

Reis, FJJ, Fernandes, LG & Saragiotto, BT 2021, 'Telehealth in low- and middle-income countries: Bridging the gap or exposing health disparities?', Health Policy and Technology, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 100577-100577.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Richardson, E, McEwen, A, Newton-John, T, Manera, K & Jacobs, C 2021, 'The Core Outcome DEvelopment for Carrier Screening (CODECS) study: protocol for development of a core outcome set', Trials, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 480-11.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Background Reproductive genetic carrier screening is a type of genetic testing available to those planning a pregnancy, or during their first trimester, to understand their risk of having a child with a severe genetic condition. There is a lack of consensus for ‘what to measure’ in studies on this intervention, leading to heterogeneity in choice of outcomes and methods of measurement. Such outcome heterogeneity has implications for the quality and comparability of these studies and has led to a lack of robust research evidence in the literature to inform policy and decision-making around the offer of this screening. As reproductive genetic carrier screening becomes increasingly accessible within the general population, it is timely to investigate the outcomes of this intervention. Objectives The development of a core outcome set is an established methodology to address issues with outcome heterogeneity in research. We aim to develop a core outcome set for reproductive genetic carrier screening to clarify and standardise outcomes for research and practice. Methods In accordance with guidance from the COMET (Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials) Initiative, this study will consist of five steps: (i) a systematic review of quantitative studies, using narrative synthesis to identify previously reported outcomes, their definitions, and methods of measurement; (ii) a systematic review of qualitative studies using content analysis to identify excerpts related to patient experience and perspectives that can be interpreted as outcomes; (iii) semi-structured focus groups and interviews with patients who have undertaken reproductive...

Ridley, EJ, Freeman-Sanderson, A & Haines, KJ 2021, 'Surge capacity for critical care specialised allied health professionals in Australia during COVID-19', Australian Critical Care, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 191-193.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Significant investment in planning and training has occurred across the Australian healthcare sector in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, with a primary focus on the medical and nursing workforce. We provide a short summary of a recently published article titled 'Surge capacity of Australian intensive care units associated with COVID-19 admissions' in the Medical Journal of Australia and, importantly, highlight a knowledge gap regarding critical care specialised allied health professional (AHP) workforce planning in Australia. The unique skill set provided by critical care specialised AHPs contributes to patient recovery long after the patient leaves the intensive care unit, with management targeted at reducing disability and improving function, activities of daily living, and quality of life. Allied health workforce planning and preparation during COVID-19 must be considered when planning comprehensive and evidence-based patient care. The work by Litton et al. has highlighted the significant lack of available data in relation to staffing of critical care specialised AHPs in Australia, and this needs to be urgently addressed.

Roberts, MC, Fohner, AE, Landry, L, Olstad, DL, Smit, AK, Turbitt, E & Allen, CG 2021, 'Advancing precision public health using human genomics: examples from the field and future research opportunities', Genome Medicine, vol. 13, no. 1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractPrecision public health is a relatively new field that integrates components of precision medicine, such as human genomics research, with public health concepts to help improve population health. Despite interest in advancing precision public health initiatives using human genomics research, current and future opportunities in this emerging field remain largely undescribed. To that end, we provide examples of promising opportunities and current applications of genomics research within precision public health and outline future directions within five major domains of public health: biostatistics, environmental health, epidemiology, health policy and health services, and social and behavioral science. To further extend applications of genomics within precision public health research, three key cross-cutting challenges will need to be addressed: developing policies that implement precision public health initiatives at multiple levels, improving data integration and developing more rigorous methodologies, and incorporating initiatives that address health equity. Realizing the potential to better integrate human genomics within precision public health will require transdisciplinary efforts that leverage the strengths of both precision medicine and public health.

Rodgers, N, McDonald, S & Wootton, BM 2021, 'Cognitive behavioral therapy for hoarding disorder: An updated meta-analysis', Journal of Affective Disorders, vol. 290, pp. 128-135.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Background: Hoarding disorder (HD) is a new disorder in DSM-5. While cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is seen as the gold standard approach to treatment, the literature in this field is still emerging. Methods: The aim of the present study is to synthesize the current treatment outcome literature on CBT for HD, as well as secondary depressive symptoms, using a meta-analytic approach. Due to a lack of controlled trials only within-group effect sizes were calculated. Results: Sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis (n = 505; mean age = 56 years; mean percentage female participants = 72%). Large effect sizes were found from pre-treatment to post-treatment (g = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.92-1.29) and from pre-treatment to follow-up (g = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.94-1.56) on HD symptoms. The gender distribution of the sample moderated treatment outcome, with larger effects seen in studies that included a larger proportion of female patients. Treatment modality (individual vs group), therapist training, use of home visits, trial type (efficacy vs effectiveness), number of treatment weeks, participant age, and study quality did not moderate treatment outcome. Small effect sizes were found from pre-treatment to post-treatment (g = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.28-0.61) for depressive symptoms and baseline depression severity, treatment modality, use of home visits, and assessment tool used did not moderate outcome. Limitations: The study is limited by the small number of studies available in this field. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that CBT for HD is an effective treatment, however, controlled trials are needed, as are trials examining the long-term efficacy of CBT for HD.

Rogers, HT, Shires, AG & Cayoun, BA 2021, 'Development and Validation of the Equanimity Scale-16', Mindfulness, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 107-120.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractObjectives Equanimity is a non-reactive attitude that is increasingly recognized as a central component of mindfulness practiceand a key mechanism of mindfulness-based interventions that is currently lacking means of measurement. The present studyaimed to develop a self-report measure of equanimity, explore its underlying factor structure, validity and reliability.Methods An initial pool of 42 items was selected from existing mindfulness questionnaires and measures of related constructs,and subsequently reviewed by researchers and selected based on majority agreement on their construct validity. The Qualtricsonline platform was used to administer these items and other questionnaires used to assess validity and collect demographicinformation in 223 adults from the general community (66.8% females and 33.2% males, age range = 18–75). Questionnaireswere then re-administered to assess test-retest reliability.Results In agreement with past research, exploratory factor analysis revealed two underlying factors, Experiential Acceptanceand Non-reactivity. A final 16-itemmeasure showed good internal consistency (⍺ = .88), test-retest reliability (n = 73; r = .87, p <.001) over 2–6 weeks and convergent and divergent validity, illustrated by significant correlations in the expected direction withthe Nonattachment Scale, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale and Distress Tolerance Scale.Conclusions Based on this initial study, the Equanimity Scale-16 appears to be a valid and reliable self-report measure to assesstrait equanimity, and may be further explored in future studies as a tool to assess progress during mindfulness-based interventions,and to assist in the investigation of their underlying mechanisms.

Rudolph, UM, Enners, S, Kieble, M, Mahfoud, F, Böhm, M, Laufs, U & Schulz, M 2021, 'Impact of angiotensin receptor blocker product recalls on antihypertensive prescribing in Germany', Journal of Human Hypertension, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 903-911.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractIn Germany, ~8 million patients take angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and 2.25 million of them valsartan. In 2018, contamination of generic ARBs with probable carcinogenic nitrosamines resulted in more than 30 recalls. The impact of such a huge recall has never been explored in Europe. We analyzed the utilization of valsartan, all ARBs, and other alternative antihypertensive drugs in Germany. We used our database of anonymized dispensing data from >80% of community pharmacies at the expense of the statutory health insurance (SHI) funds from January 2017 to December 2019. We analyzed 290.8 million prescriptions, including all oral mono- and fixed-dose combinations of ARBs and plausible alternatives, i.e. ACE inhibitors (ACEi), beta-blockers (BB), and calcium channel blockers (CCB). Utilization was calculated by defined daily doses per 1000 SHI-insured persons per day (DID). Valsartan use decreased substantially after the recalls in July 2018 from 39.0 to 14.2 DID (−64%) in the second quarter of 2019 and to 16.9 DID (−57%) in the fourth quarter of 2019. Simultaneously, the use of alternative ARBs increased from 77.7 DID in the second quarter of 2018 to 121.9 DID (+57%) in the fourth quarter of 2019, mainly due to an increase of candesartan dispensing to 99.8 DID (+73%). There were no changes in the utilization of ACEi, BB, or CCB. The majority of recalled generic valsartan products were replaced by other ARBs, predominantly candesartan, despite documented drug shortages. In contrast to previous safety warnings/recalls, our data do not suggest an under-prescription of antihypertensives during this period.

Rüsenberg, R, Baumgarten, A, Mauss, S, Gradl, G, Schulz, M, Bartmeyer, B, Kollan, C & Schmidt, D 2021, 'Wie wirken Generikaquoten? Eine Analyse am Beispiel der HIV-Infektion', Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz, vol. 64, no. 5, pp. 625-634.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Steuerungsinstrumente der Arzneimittelversorgung in der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV) sind schon länger Bestandteil der gesundheitspolitischen Reformdebatte. Über die Jahre hat sich eine Gemengelage sehr verschiedener Werkzeuge herausgebildet, die zumeist auf eine Kontrolle der Arzneimittelausgaben zielen. Die Instrumente der regionalen Verordnungssteuerung fokussieren vor allem auf eine Verhaltenssteuerung des verordnenden Arztes. Zu erwähnen ist nicht zuletzt der verstärkte Einsatz von indikationsbezogenen Quoten, vorrangig Leitsubstanzen und/oder Generika/Biosimilars. Diese gibt es mittlerweile auch im Bereich des Humanen Immundefizienz-Virus (HIV), etwa die seit 2020 in Bayern und Berlin eingeführten Generikaquoten für HIV-Therapeutika. Zielstellung Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrages ist es, auf Grundlage von GKV-Apothekenabrechnungsdaten das Potenzial sowie Grenzen von Generikaquotenlösungen in der HIV-Versorgung zu analysieren und Handlungsempfehlungen zu skizzieren. Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich, dass das Quotenpotenzial für Generika im patentfreien Bereich in der HIV-Versorgung bereits weitgehend ausgeschöpft wird. Dieser Umstand ist vor allem darauf zurückzuführen, dass die HIV-Verordner den Austausch durch Verzicht auf Aut-idem-Kreuze auf dem Kassenrezept unterstützen. Diskussion Das steuerungspolitische Optimum ist fast erreicht. Dies ist auf das geeignete Instrumentarium zurückzuführen, das aus dem Rahmenvertrag zur Arzneimittelversorgung und einer leitliniengerechten Wirkstoffverordnun...

Ryder, C, Mackean, T, Coombes, J, Hunter, K, Ullad, S, Rogers, K, Essue, B, Holland, AJA & Ivers, R 2021, 'Developing economic measures for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families on out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure', Australian Health Review, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 265-273.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Objective Out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure (OOPHE) has a significant impact on marginalised households. The purpose of this study was to modify a pre-existing OOPHE survey for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander households with children. Methods The OOPHE survey was derived through a scoping review, face and content validity, including judgement quantification with content experts. Exploratory factor analyses determined factor numbers for construct validity. Repeatability through test–retest processes and reliability was assessed through internal consistency. Results The OOPHE survey had 168 items and was piloted on 67 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander parents. Construct validity assessment generated a 62-item correlation matrix with a three-factor model. Across these factors, item loadings varied, 10 items with high correlations (>0.70) and 20 with low correlations (<0.40). OOPHE survey retest was conducted with 47 families, where 43 items reached slight to fair levels of agreement. Conclusion The low level of item loadings to factors in the OOPHE survey indicates interconnectedness across the three-factor model, and reliability results suggest systemic differences. Impeding factors may include cohort homogeneity and survey length. It is unknown how cultural and social nuances specific to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander households impacts on results. Further work is warranted. What is known about the topic? Out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure (OOPHE) are expenses not covered by universal taxpayer-funded health insurance. In elderly Australians or those with chronic conditions, OOPHE can cause substantial burden and financial hardship and, in the most extreme cases, induce bankruptcy. Despite higher hospital admissions and disease burden, little is known about how OOPHE impacts Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families. Additionally, in Australia, no OOPHE survey tools have been appropriately assessed; th...

Ryder, C, Mackean, T, Hunter, K, Rogers, K, Holland, AJA & Ivers, R 2021, 'Burn Injuries in Hospitalized Australian Children—An Epidemiological Profile', Journal of Burn Care & Research, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 381-389.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Globally, First Nations children sustain burns at a higher rate than other children. Little is understood about how health inequities contribute, especially from an Indigenous viewpoint. We analyzed data from the Burns Registry of Australian and New Zealand (BRANZ) for acute burns in children (&lt;16 years) admitted to hospital between October 2009 and July 2018. Descriptive statistics examined equity variables in patient and injury characteristics. Poisson regression was used to describe factors associated with bacterial infection. Indigenous research methods were used throughout. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children represented 10.4% of the study population. Health inequities were present for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children with longer hospital length of stay (9.5 vs 4.6 days), rural residency (61.3% vs 13.9%), lower socioeconomic status (72.2% vs 34.9%), and more flame burns (19.5% vs 10.6%) compared to other Australian children. Streptococcus sp. infection risk was four times greater in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children compared to other Australian children. Flame burns and high percentage total body surface area burns were a risk for Staphylococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp. infection in all children. The epidemiological profile for burn injuries managed in Australian burns centers differs between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and other children, indicating persistent health inequities. These differences should be considered in the development of injury prevention strategies and the clinical management of burn injuries for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and their families.

Said, A, Freudewald, L, Parrau, N, Ganso, M & Schulz, M 2021, 'Pharmacists’ perception of educational material to improve patient safety', Medicine, vol. 100, no. 11, pp. e25144-e25144.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Educational material (EM) addresses particular safety information of medicinal products to healthcare professionals and patients. Since 2016, German national competent authorities label approved EM with a Blue Hand symbol. However, data is scarce regarding its usability as a safety communication tool in pharmacies to improve patient safety. The purpose of this study is to investigate for the first time pharmacists’ awareness and perception of EM in the setting of community and hospital pharmacies in Germany. The Drug Commission of German Pharmacists surveyed its nationwide network of 677 community and 51 hospital reference pharmacies, to investigate their awareness and perception of EM. The survey was conducted between January 16 and February 10, 2020 using SurveyMonkey. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. A total of 373 community and 32 hospital pharmacists participated; response rates were 55.1% and 62.8%, respectively. Overall, 320 (85.8%) community and all hospital pharmacists confirmed awareness of EM. Community and hospital pharmacists fully (n = 172, 46.9% and n = 9, 28.1%) or rather (n = 109, 29.7% and n = 10, 31.3%) agreed that EM for healthcare professionals is suitable to reduce risks of medicinal products. Moreover, 237 (64.7%) community and 17 (53.1%) hospital pharmacists confirmed to inform patients or care facilities about EM. Asking pharmacists on their personal perception of EM, the refinement of readability and accessibility was indicated. Pharmacists confirm awareness of EM and its suitability as a safety communication tool. However, from a pharmacists’ perspective, the applicability and readability of EM still needs further adjustment to improve patient safety.

Satija, S, Kaur, H, Tambuwala, MM, Sharma, P, Vyas, M, Khurana, N, Sharma, N, Bakshi, HA, Charbe, NB, Zacconi, FC, Aljabali, AA, Nammi, S, Dureja, H, Singh, TG, Gupta, G, Dhanjal, DS, Dua, K, Chellappan, DK & Mehta, M 2021, 'Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF): Fuel for Cancer Progression', Current Molecular Pharmacology, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 321-332.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Hypoxia is an integral part of the tumor microenvironment, caused primarily due to rapidly multiplying tumor cells and a lack of proper blood supply. Among the major hypoxic pathways, HIF-1 transcription factor activation is one of the widely investigated pathways in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME). HIF-1 is known to activate several adaptive reactions in response to oxygen deficiency in tumor cells. HIF-1 has two subunits, HIF-1β (constitutive) and HIF-1&#945; (inducible). The HIF-1&#945; expression is largely regulated via various cytokines (through PI3K-ACT-mTOR signals), which involves the cascading of several growth factors and oncogenic cascades. These events lead to the loss of cellular tumor suppressant activity through changes in the level of oxygen via oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent pathways. The significant and crucial role of HIF in cancer progression and its underlying mechanisms have gained much attention lately among the translational researchers in the fields of cancer and biological sciences, which have enabled them to correlate these mechanisms with various other disease modalities. In the present review, we have summarized the key findings related to the role of HIF in the progression of tumors.

Schlub, GM, Crook, A, Barlow‐Stewart, K, Fleming, J, Kirk, J, Tucker, K & Greening, S 2021, 'Helping young children understand inherited cancer predisposition syndromes using bibliotherapy', Journal of Genetic Counseling, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1119-1132.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractCommunication with children about hereditary conditions in the family can be difficult for parents. Yet, good communication strategies are leading determinants of adaptation and resilience. With inherited cancer predisposition syndromes that can affect young children such as Li‐Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) and hereditary pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma syndrome (HPPS), genetic testing and subsequent surveillance in at‐risk children is the optimal intervention. Given testing often commences early, providing children and their parents with appropriate genetic counseling and communication strategies is important for informed decision making. To inform such communication strategies, we used a bibliotherapeutic framework, where stories are delivered prescriptively (i.e., ‘bibliotherapy’), to develop a psycho‐educational resource for children aged 5–10 years old at risk of either LFS or HPPS. Illustrated storybooks for children were created based on models of developmental comprehension. To ascertain their experience, parents were invited to read a storybook to their child/ren and participate in semi‐structured qualitative interviews. Transcripts were analyzed thematically using a general inductive approach. The bibliotherapeutic resource reportedly supported parents with communication about these issues without raising emotional distress in either themselves or their children. The key stages of a bibliotherapeutic interaction were facilitated by the use of this resource, and all parents reported that it would have been useful when their children were first tested and/or diagnosed. This study lays the foundation for the application of bibliotherapy as a psycho‐educational intervention in genetic counseling and demonstrates that bibliotherapy may improve the process of communication between parents and children regarding pediatric‐inherited cancer syndromes.

Schulz, M, Schumacher, PM, Schneider, J, Said, A & Laufs, U 2021, 'Explosive drug information in the time of COVID-19', Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada, vol. 154, no. 4, pp. 232-233.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Schumacher, PM, Becker, N, Tsuyuki, RT, Griese‐Mammen, N, Koshman, SL, McDonald, MA, Bouvy, M, Rutten, FH, Laufs, U, Böhm, M & Schulz, M 2021, 'The evidence for pharmacist care in outpatients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta‐analysis', ESC Heart Failure, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 3566-3576.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractAimsPatients with heart failure (HF) have poor outcomes, including poor quality of life, and high morbidity and mortality. In addition, they have a high medication burden due to the multiple drug therapies now recommended by guidelines. Previous reviews, including studies in hospital settings, provided evidence that pharmacist care improves outcomes in patients with HF. Because most HF is managed outside of hospitals, we aimed to synthesize the evidence for pharmacist care in outpatients with HF.Methods and resultsWe conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and integrated the evidence on patient outcomes in a meta‐analysis. We found 24 RCTs performed in 10 countries, including 8029 patients. The data revealed consistent improvements in medication adherence (independent of the measuring instrument) and knowledge, physical function, and disease and medication management. Sixteen RCTs were included in meta‐analyses. Differences in all‐cause mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 0.97 [95% CI, 0.84–1.12], Q‐statistic, P = 0.49, I2 = 0%), all‐cause hospitalizations (OR = 0.86 [0.73–1.03], Q‐statistic, P = 0.01, I2 = 45.5%), and HF hospitalizations (OR = 0.89 [0.77–1.02], Q‐statistic, P = 0.11, I2 = 0%) were not statistically significant. We also observed an improvement in the standardized mean difference for generic quality of life of 0.75 ([0.49–1.01], P < 0.01), with no indication of heterogeneity (Q‐statistic, P...

Senserrick, T, Möller, H, Rogers, K, Cullen, P & Ivers, R 2021, 'Youth Resilience Education and 13-Year Motor Vehicle Crash Risk', Pediatrics, vol. 148, no. 6.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Shastri, MD, Chong, WC, Dua, K, Peterson, GM, Patel, RP, Mahmood, MQ, Tambuwala, M, Chellappan, DK, Hansbro, NG, Shukla, SD & Hansbro, PM 2021, 'Emerging concepts and directed therapeutics for the management of asthma: regulating the regulators', Inflammopharmacology, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 15-33.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Asthma is a common, heterogeneous and serious disease, its prevalence has steadily risen in most parts of the world, and the condition is often inadequately controlled in many patients. Hence, there is a major need for new therapeutic approaches. Mild-to-moderate asthma is considered a T-helper cell type-2-mediated inflammatory disorder that develops due to abnormal immune responses to otherwise innocuous allergens. Prolonged exposure to allergens and persistent inflammation results in myofibroblast infiltration and airway remodelling with mucus hypersecretion, airway smooth muscle hypertrophy, and excess collagen deposition. The airways become hyper-responsive to provocation resulting in the characteristic wheezing and obstructed airflow experienced by patients. Extensive research has progressed the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the development of new treatments for the management of asthma. Here, we review the basis of the disease, covering new areas such as the role of vascularisation and microRNAs, as well as associated potential therapeutic interventions utilising reports from animal and human studies. We also cover novel drug delivery strategies that are being developed to enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. Potential avenues to explore to improve the future of asthma management are highlighted.

Shires, A 2021, 'Mindfulness Focussed Yoga: The Role of Interoceptive Awareness in Mindfulness and Yoga Interventions for Trauma and Pain', Journal of Yoga and Physiotherapy, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1-3.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Contemplative traditions such as Mindfulness and Yoga have both been explored in relation to the treatment of trauma. Both promote the increased awareness of the body and mind via meditative practices that include body scanning and yoga asana. It is hypothesised that although both may be effective in increasing interoceptive awareness and the ability to observe sensations in the body, Mindfulness focussed yoga programs may assist to unlearn patterns of reactions that fuel distress associated with trauma, pain and associated mental health problems. There has been considerable development in evidence-based therapies in the treatment of trauma such as cognitive behavioural therapy, eye movement desensitisation, reprocessing and prolonged exposure. Prolonged exposure therapy has been developed as a treatment in the reduction of PTSD symptoms and has been found to be more efficacious in the reduction of PTSD symptoms than usual treatment and waitlist control [1]. However,msome of these psychological treatments have been found to have high dropout rates and some worsening of symptoms and residual symptoms after treatment. As a result of these limitations there is growth in alternative treatment approaches that are more feasible including yoga as an adjunct treatment for trauma populations. So far, these studies seem to yield promising results [2,3]

Shrubsole, K, Pitt, R, Till, K, Finch, E & Ryan, B 2021, 'Speech language pathologists’ practice with children of parents with an acquired communication disability: A preliminary study', Brain Impairment, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 135-151.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractBackground:Parental acquired communication disability has long-lasting impacts on children, including increased child stress and behavioural problems. However, speech-language pathologists’ (SLPs) current practice in providing information, education and counselling support to these children is unknown. Therefore, we explored SLPs’ perceived needs, current practices and barriers and facilitators to working with children of people with acquired communication disability (PwCD).Methods:An online survey sought information on Australian SLPs’ current practices in providing education and counselling to children of PwCD. Perceived barriers and facilitators were mapped to the COM-B, a model that considers Capability, Opportunity and Motivation as domains that influence behaviour.Results:75% of participants (n = 76) perceived a need to provide both information and counselling, but ‘never’ or ‘rarely’ provided either aspect of care. Barriers relating to ‘Opportunity’ were most frequently identified, such as not having access to children in therapy and lack of parental support/engagement. Capability (e.g., knowledge and skills) and Motivation (e.g., confidence) barriers were also identified.Conclusions:There is potential for SLPs to provide services to children of PwCD either directly through information and/or counselling-type interactions or indirectly through referral to other services. This study highlights the need for more research into these areas of practice.

Sleijser-Koehorst, MLS, Coppieters, MW, Epping, R, Rooker, S, Verhagen, AP & Scholten-Peeters, GGM 2021, 'Diagnostic accuracy of patient interview items and clinical tests for cervical radiculopathy', Physiotherapy, vol. 111, pp. 74-82.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Objective

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of patient interview items and clinical tests to diagnose cervical radiculopathy.

Design

A prospective diagnostic accuracy study.

Participants

Consecutive patients (N=134) with a suspicion of cervical radiculopathy were included. A medical specialist made the diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy based on the patient's clinical presentation and corresponding Magnetic Resonance Imaging findings. Participants completed a list of patient interview items and the clinical tests were performed by a physiotherapist.

Main outcome measures

Diagnostic accuracy was determined in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and positive (+LR) and negative likelihood ratios (-LR). Sensitivity and specificity values ≥0.80 were considered high. We considered +LR≥5 and -LR≤0.20 moderate, and +LR≥10 and -LR≤0.10 high.

Results

The history items 'arm pain worse than neck pain', 'provocation of symptoms when ironing', 'reduction of symptoms by walking with your hand in your pocket', the Spurling test and the presence of reduced reflexes showed high specificity and are therefore useful to increase the probability of cervical radiculopathy when positive. The presence of 'paraesthesia' and 'paraesthesia and/or numbness' showed high sensitivity, indicating that the absence of these patient interview items decreases the probability of cervical radiculopathy. Although most of these items had potentially relevant likelihood ratios, none showed moderate or high likelihood ratios.

Conclusions

Several patient interview items, the Spurling test and reduced reflexes are useful to assist in the diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy. Because there is no gold standard for cervical radiculopathy, caution is required to not over-interpret diagnostic accuracy values.

Smit, AK, Bartley, N, Best, MC, Napier, CE, Butow, P, Newson, AJ, Tucker, K, Ballinger, ML, Thomas, DM, Jacobs, C, Meiser, B, Goldstein, D, Savard, J & Juraskova, I 2021, 'Family communication about genomic sequencing: A qualitative study with cancer patients and relatives', Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 104, no. 5, pp. 944-952.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

ObjectiveThis study explored family communication about undertaking genomic sequencing, and intentions to communicate pertinent heritable results to family members.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with cancer patients (n = 53) and their relatives (n = 20) who underwent germline genome sequencing or molecular tumor testing. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsKey themes relevant to family communication about undertaking sequencing included: perceiving family member interest, delaying discussion until results were received, having shared capacity to understand and cope, and having open communication in the family. Intended communication subsequent to receiving results was affected by: disease severity, risk management options, degree of closeness in the family, sense of responsibility, and potential adverse impacts on family. Resource and support needs varied based on the complexity of test results, health professionals’ availability, and disease severity. Unique subthemes were identified for specific subgroups.ConclusionCurrent findings support the need to assess the impact and resource needs specific to each clinical application of genomic sequencing.Practice implicationsIncreasingly sophisticated and complex clinical genomic sequencing warrants development of family-centered interventions and resources to facilitate preference-sensitive communication about genomic sequencing, including disseminating relevant information to family members.

Smith, S, Paparo, J & Wootton, BM 2021, 'Understanding psychological treatment barriers, preferences and histories of individuals with clinically significant depressive symptoms in Australia: a preliminary study', Clinical Psychologist, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 223-233.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Smith-Merry, J, O'Donovan, M-A, Dew, A, Hemsley, B, Imms, C, Carey, G, Darcy, S, Ellem, K, Gallego, G, Gilroy, J, Guastella, A, Marella, M, McVilly, K & Plumb, J 2021, 'The Future of Disability Research in Australia: Protocol for a Multiphase Research Agenda–Setting Study', JMIR Research Protocols, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. e31126-e31126.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Background For people with disabilities to live a good life, it is essential that funded research in health and social care addresses their interests, meets their needs, and fills gaps in our understanding of the impact that services, systems, and policies may have on them. Decisions about research funding should be based on an understanding of the research priorities of people with disabilities, their supporters and allies, disability researchers, service providers, and policy makers working in the field. Objective The aim of this protocol is to describe the research design and methods of a large-scale, disability research agenda–setting exercise conducted in 2021 in Australia. Methods The research agenda–setting exercise involves 3 integrated phases of work. In the first phase, a previous audit of disability research in Australia is updated to understand previous research and continuing gaps in the research. Building on this, the second phase involves consultation with stakeholders—people with disabilities and their supporters and family members, the disability workforce, and people working within services and connected sectors (eg, aging, employment, education, and housing), academia, and public policy. Data for the second phase will be gathered as follows: a national web-based survey; a consultation process undertaken through the government and nongovernment sector; and targeted consultation with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, children with disabilities and their families, people with cognitive disability, and people with complex communication needs. The third phase involves a web-based survey to develop a research agenda based on the outcomes of all pha...

Smolders, EJ, Benoist, GE, Smit, CCH & ter Horst, P 2021, 'An update on extravasation: basic knowledge for clinical pharmacists', European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 165-167.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Starcevic, V, Schimmenti, A, Billieux, J & Berle, D 2021, 'Cyberchondria in the time of the COVID ‐19 pandemic', Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 53-62.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Stark, BC, Dutta, M, Murray, LL, Bryant, L, Fromm, D, MacWhinney, B, Ramage, AE, Roberts, A, den Ouden, DB, Brock, K, McKinney-Bock, K, Paek, EJ, Harmon, TG, Yoon, SO, Themistocleous, C, Yoo, H, Aveni, K, Gutierrez, S & Sharma, S 2021, 'Standardizing Assessment of Spoken Discourse in Aphasia: A Working Group With Deliverables', American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 30, no. 1S, pp. 491-502.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Purpose The heterogeneous nature of measures, methods, and analyses reported in the aphasia spoken discourse literature precludes comparison of outcomes across studies (e.g., meta-analyses) and inhibits replication. Furthermore, funding and time constraints significantly hinder collecting test–retest data on spoken discourse outcomes. This research note describes the development and structure of a working group, designed to address major gaps in the spoken discourse aphasia literature, including a lack of standardization in methodology, analysis, and reporting, as well as nominal data regarding the psychometric properties of spoken discourse outcomes. Method The initial initiatives for this working group are to (a) propose recommendations regarding standardization of spoken discourse collection, analysis, and reporting in aphasia, based on the results of an international survey and a systematic literature review and (b) create a database of test–retest spoken discourse data from individuals with and without aphasia. The survey of spoken discourse collection, analysis, and interpretation procedures was distributed to clinicians and researchers involved in aphasia assessment and rehabilitation from September to November 2019. We will publish survey results and recommend standards for collecting, analyzing, and reporting spoken discourse in aphasia. A multisite endeavor to collect test–retest spoken discourse data from individuals with and without aphasia will be initiated. This test–retest information will be contributed to a central site for transcription and analysis, and data will be subsequently openly curated. Conclusion The goal of the working group is to create recomm...

Stark, BC, Dutta, M, Murray, LL, Fromm, D, Bryant, L, Harmon, TG, Ramage, AE & Roberts, AC 2021, 'Spoken Discourse Assessment and Analysis in Aphasia: An International Survey of Current Practices', Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, vol. 64, no. 11, pp. 4366-4389.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Purpose Spoken discourse analysis is commonly employed in the assessment and treatment of people living with aphasia, yet there is no standardization in assessment, analysis, or reporting procedures, thereby precluding comparison/meta-analyses of data and hindering replication of findings. An important first step is to identify current practices in collecting and analyzing spoken discourse in aphasia. Thus, this study surveyed current practices, with the goal of working toward standardizing spoken discourse assessment first in research settings with subsequent implementation into clinical settings. Method A mixed-methods (quantitative and qualitative) survey was publicized to researchers and clinicians around the globe who have collected and/or analyzed spoken discourse data in aphasia. The survey data were collected between September and November 2019. Results Of the 201 individuals who consented to participate, 189 completed all mandatory questions in the survey (with fewer completing nonmandatory response questions). The majority of respondents reported barriers to utilizing discourse including transcription, coding, and analysis. The most common barrier was time (e.g., lack of time). Respondents also indicated that there was a lack of, and a need for, psychometric properties and normative data for spoken discourse use in the assessment and treatment of persons with aphasia. Quantitative and qualitative results are described in detail. Conclusions The current survey study evaluated spoken discourse methods in aphasia across research and clinical settings. Finding...

Stubbs, PW, Mehta, P, Bryant, L, Pinto, RZ, Verhagen, AP & McCambridge, AB 2021, 'Abstract spin in physiotherapy interventions using virtual reality or robotics: protocol for two Meta-research reviews', Physical Therapy Reviews, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 102-108.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

© 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Background: Emerging technologies such as robotics and virtual reality (VR) are being trialled and implemented into physiotherapy practice. As emerging technologies compete for market share, trials on emerging technologies are at risk of spin. For consumers to make informed decisions about whether to use a new technology, trials should accurately portray the results. If spin is present, outcomes may not be comparable to the results reported when interventions are implemented clinically. Objectives: To determine the amount and type of spin in abstracts of physiotherapy clinical trials that use robotic or VR interventions. A secondary objective is to determine the agreement between raters, both experienced and inexperienced, using an existing 7-item checklist with updated item definitions. Methods: We will perform two meta-research reviews on a random set of 100 robotics (study 1) and 100 VR (study 2) trials, from any year, indexed in the PEDro database. Using the updated spin checklist, the abstract of each trial will be assessed in corroboration with full-text. The total spin score and proportion of studies with spin for each item will be reported. Agreement between experienced and inexperienced raters will be determined using kappa statistics. Rater confidence in rating each item will be collected. Discussion: We will identify if spin is present in robotics and VR literature and evaluate if the spin checklist can be confidently and consistently used by raters. We hope this research will facilitate best-practice reporting of research findings so emerging technologies will be implemented with realistic expectation of clinical outcome.

Stubbs, PW, Stabel, HH, Andersen, N-BDV, Smith, HR & Næss-Schmidt, ET 2021, 'Therapist perceptions of the Danish Physiotherapy Research Database for assessing patients with chronic disease', PLOS ONE, vol. 16, no. 11, pp. e0259355-e0259355.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

BackgroundThe Danish Physiotherapy Research Database for chronic patients receiving Free of Charge Physiotherapy (PhysDB-FCP) was piloted over a 1-year period. The purpose of the PhysDB-FCP is to provide a user friendly digital online structured tool that standardizes initial and follow up clinical assessments generating data that can be used for clinical decision making and support future research in physiotherapy for patients with chronic disease. Although initial assessments were completed, the attrition rate was 73% and 90% at 3- and 6- months, respectively, which suggests problems with the current tool.ObjectiveTo evaluate the perspectives of the physiotherapists that used the PhysDB-FCP and propose changes to the tool based on this feedback.Materials and methodsFifty of the 103 physiotherapists introduced to the PhysDB-FCP completed an anonymous online survey. Physiotherapists were asked Likert/categorical and yes/no questions on experiences with the PhysDB-FCP within their practice, perceptions of patient experiences, suitability of the resources and support provided by the PhysDB-FCP working group and the ideal administration frequency of the assessments within the PhysDB-FCP. Open ended feedback on possible improvements to the PhysDB-FCP was also collected.ResultsPhysiotherapists agreed that the PhysDB-FCP was useful for taking a physiotherapy assessment (74%) and the patient survey was useful for goal setting (72%). Although physiotherapists felt the PhysDB-FCP was well-defined (82%), only 36% would like to use a similar tool again. Generally, the PhysDB-FCP was too time-consuming, administered too frequently and included irrelevant items. For example, 72...

Taylor, J, Patio, K, De Rubis, G, Morris, MB, Evenhuis, C, Johnson, M & Bebawy, M 2021, 'Membrane to cytosol redistribution of αII‐spectrin drives extracellular vesicle biogenesis in malignant breast cells', PROTEOMICS, vol. 21, no. 13-14, pp. 1-13.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractSpectrin is a ubiquitous cytoskeletal protein that provides structural stability and supports membrane integrity. In erythrocytes, spectrin proteolysis leads to the biogenesis of plasma membrane extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, its role in non‐erythroid or cancer‐derived plasma membrane EVs biogenesis is unknown. This study aims to examine the role of αII‐spectrin in malignant and non‐malignant plasma membrane vesiculation. We developed a custom, automated cell segmentation plugin for the image processor, Fiji, that provides an unbiased assessment of high resolution confocal microscopy images of the subcellular distribution of αII‐spectrin. We show that, in low vesiculating non‐malignant MBE‐F breast cells, prominent cortical spectrin localises to the cell periphery at rest. In comparison, cortical spectrin is diminished in high vesiculating malignant MCF‐7 breast cells at rest. A cortical distribution of spectrin correlates with increased biomechanical stiffness as measured by Atomic Force Microscopy. Furthermore, cortical spectrin can be induced in malignant MCF‐7 cells by treatment with known vesiculation modulators including the calcium chelator, BAPTA‐AM or the calpain inhibitor II (ALLM). These results demonstrate that the subcellular localisation of spectrin is distinctly different in malignant and non‐malignant cells at rest and shows that the redistribution of cortical αII‐spectrin to the cytoplasm supports plasma membrane‐derived EV biogenesis in malignant cells.

Thogesan, M, Berle, D, Hilbrink, D, Kiely, R, Russell-Williams, C, Garwood, N & Steel, Z 2021, 'The Inter-Rater Consistency of Clinician Ratings of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Therapy Content', Psychiatric Quarterly, vol. 92, no. 2, pp. 537-548.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Effective communication between clinicians is essential for the success of mental health interventions in multidisciplinary contexts. This relies on a shared understanding of concepts, diagnoses and treatments. A major assumption of clinicians when discussing psychological treatments with each other is that both parties have a shared understanding of the theory, rationale and application of the respective technique. We aimed to determine to what extent there is inter-rater agreement between clinicians in describing the content of group therapy sessions. Pairs of clinicians, drawn from a large multidisciplinary team (13), were asked to provide ratings of the therapeutic content and emphasis of N = 154 group therapy sessions conducted during an intensive residential treatment program for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In most therapeutic content domains there was a moderate level of agreement between clinicians regarding session content (Cohen's Kappa 0.4 to 0.6), suggesting that clinicians have a broad shared understanding of therapeutic content, but that there are also frequent discordant understandings. The implications of these findings on multidisciplinary team communication, patient care and clinical handovers are discussed and directions for further research are outlined.

Tudini, E, Davidson, AL, Dressel, U, Andrews, L, Antill, Y, Crook, A, Field, M, Gattas, M, Harris, R, Kirk, J, Pachter, N, Salmon, L, Susman, R, Townshend, S, Trainer, AH, Tucker, KM, Mitchell, G, James, PA, Ward, RL, Mar Fan, H, Poplawski, NK & Spurdle, AB 2021, 'Implementing gene curation for hereditary cancer susceptibility in Australia: achieving consensus on genes with clinical utility', Journal of Medical Genetics, vol. 58, no. 12, pp. 853-858.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

BackgroundThe strength of evidence supporting the validity of gene-disease relationships is variable. Hereditary cancer has the additional complexity of low or moderate penetrance for some confirmed disease-associated alleles.MethodsTo promote national consistency in interpretation of hereditary cancer/tumour gene test results, we requested opinions of representatives from Australian Family Cancer Clinics regarding the clinical utility of 157 genes initially collated for a national research project. Viewpoints were sought by initial survey, face-to-face workshop and follow-up survey. Subsequent review was undertaken by the eviQ Cancer Genetics Reference Committee, a national resource providing evidence-based and consensus-driven cancer treatment protocols.ResultsGenes were categorised by clinical actionability as: relevant for testing on presentation of common cancer/tumour types (n=45); relevant for testing in the context of specific rare phenotypes (n=74); insufficient clinical utility (n=34) or contentious clinical utility (n=3). Opinions for several genes altered during the study time frame, due to new information.ConclusionThrough an iterative process, consensus was achieved on genes with clinical utility for hereditary cancer/tumour conditions in the Australian setting. This study highlighted need for regular review of gene-disease lists, a role assumed in Australia for hereditary cancer/tumour predisposition genes by the eviQ Cancer Genetics Reference Committee.

Turbitt, E, D’Amanda, C, Hyman, S, Weber, JD, Bridges, JFP, Peay, HL & Biesecker, BB 2021, 'Parent clinical trial priorities for fragile X syndrome: a best–worst scaling', European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 1245-1251.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

An expansion in the availability of clinical drug trials for genetic neurodevelopmental conditions is underway. Delineating patient priorities is key to the success of drug development and clinical trial design. There is a lack of evidence about parent decision-making in the context of clinical drug trials for genetic neurodevelopmental conditions. We assessed parents' priorities when making a decision whether to enroll their child with fragile X syndrome (FXS) in a clinical drug trial. An online survey included a best-worst scaling method for parents to prioritize motivating and discouraging factors for child enrollment. Parents were recruited through the National Fragile X Foundation and FRAXA. Sequential best-worst with conditional logit analysis was used to determine how parents prioritize motivating and discouraging factors about trial enrollment decisions. Respondents (N = 354) were largely biological mothers (83%) of an individual with FXS who ranged in age from under 5 to over 21 years. The highest motivating factor was a trial to test a drug targeting the underlying FXS mechanism (coeff = 3.28, p < 0.001), followed by the potential of the drug to help many people (coeff = 3.03, p < 0.001). Respondents rated requirement of blood draws (coeff = -3.09, p < 0.001), loss of access to the drug post trial (coeff = -3.01, p < 0.001), and drug side effects (coeff = -2.96, p < 0.001) as most discouraging. The priorities defined by parents can be incorporated into evidence-based trial design and execution to enhance the enrollment process.

Turbitt, E, Newson, AJ, Biesecker, BB & Wilfond, BS 2021, 'Enrolling Children in Clinical Trials for Genetic Neurodevelopmental Conditions: Ethics, Parental Decisions, and Children's Identities', Ethics & Human Research, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 27-36.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

AbstractKnowledge of genetic mechanisms contributing to neurodevelopmental conditions is advancing. This is informing development of new drugs to treat or ameliorate these conditions, through targeting underlying genetic pathways. Drugs are tested in clinical trials, necessitating parents to engage with decisions about whether to enroll their child. In this article, we consider important ethical issues to anticipate as clinical research opportunities in genetic neurodevelopmental conditions arise. For example, genetic pathways targeted by the drugs may interact with valued character and personality traits. It is essential that recruitment and consent processes are optimized for families who will grapple with whether these novel drug treatments interact with their child's personality and authentic identity. We call for focused social science research and further normative analysis so that parents are better supported to make informed choices. Additionally, clinical research regulators should have a sound understanding of the contextual experiences regarding how this population of parents engages with decisions.

Valverde-Merino, M-I, Martinez-Martinez, F, Garcia-Mochon, L, Benrimoj, SI, Malet-Larrea, A, Perez-Escamilla, B, Zarzuelo, MJ, Torres-Robles, A, Gastelurrutia, MA, Varas-Doval, R, Peiro Zorrilla, T & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2021, 'Cost–Utility Analysis of a Medication Adherence Management Service Alongside a Cluster Randomized Control Trial in Community Pharmacy', Patient Preference and Adherence, vol. Volume 15, pp. 2363-2376.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Background: It is necessary to determine the cost utility of adherence interventions in chronic diseases due to humanistic and economic burden of non-adherence.Purpose: To evaluate, alongside a cluster-randomized controlled trial, the cost-utility of a pharmacist-led medication adherence management service (MAMS) compared with usual care in community pharmacies.Materials and Methods: The trial was conducted over six months. Patients with treatments for hypertension, asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were included. Patients in the intervention group (IG) received a MAMS based on a brief complex intervention, whilst patients in the control group (CG) received usual care. The cost–utility analysis adopted a health system perspective. Costs related to medications, healthcare resources and adherence intervention were included. The effectiveness was estimated as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), using a multiple imputation missing data model. The incremental cost–utility ratio (ICUR) was calculated on the total sample of patients.Results: A total of 1186 patients were enrolled (IG: 633; CG: 553). The total intervention cost was estimated to be € 27.33 ± 0.43 per patient for six months. There was no statistically significant difference in total cost of medications and healthcare resources per patient between IG and CG. The values of EQ-5D-5L at 6 months were significantly higher in the IG [IG: 0.881 ± 0.005 vs CG: 0.833 ± 0.006; p = 0.000]. In the base case, the service was more expensive and more effective than usual care, resulting in an ICUR of € 1,494.82/QALY. In the complete case, the service resulted in an ICUR of € 2,086.30/QALY, positioned between the north-east and south-east quadrants of the cost–utility plane. Using a threshold value of € 20,000/QALY gained, there is a 99% probability that the intervention is cost-effective.Conclusion: The medication adherence management service resulted in an improvement in the quali...

van Poppel, D, van der Worp, M, Slabbekoorn, A, van den Heuvel, SSP, van Middelkoop, M, Koes, BW, Verhagen, AP & Scholten-Peeters, GGM 2021, 'Risk factors for overuse injuries in short- and long-distance running: A systematic review', Journal of Sport and Health Science, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 14-28.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to review information about risk factors for lower extremity running injuries in both short-distance (mean running distance ≤20 km/week and ≤10 km/session) and long-distance runners (mean running distance >20 km/week and >10 km/session). METHODS:Electronic databases were searched for articles published up to February 2019. Prospective cohort studies using multivariable analysis for the assessment of individual risk factors or risk models for the occurrence of lower extremity running injuries were included. Two reviewers independently selected studies for eligibility and assessed risk of bias with the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool. The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of the evidence. RESULTS:A total of 29 studies were included; 17 studies focused on short-distance runners, 11 studies focused on long-distance runners, and 1 study focused on both types of runners. A previous running-related injury was the strongest risk factor for an injury for long-distance runners, with moderate-quality evidence. Previous injuries not attributed to running was the strongest risk factor for an injury for short-distance runners, with high-quality evidence. Higher body mass index, higher age, sex (male), having no previous running experience, and lower running volume were strong risk factors, with moderate quality evidence, for short-distance runners. Low-quality evidence was found for all risk models as predictors of running-related injuries among short- and long-distance runners. CONCLUSION:Several risk factors for lower extremity injuries have been identified among short- and long-distance runners, but the quality of evidence for these risk factors for running-related injuries is limited. Running injuries seem to have a multifactorial origin both in short- and long-distance runners.

van Ravesteyn, LM, Skinner, IW, Newton-John, T, Ferreira, ML & Verhagen, AP 2021, 'Think twice before starting a new trial; what is the impact of recommendations to stop doing new trials?', Scandinavian Journal of Pain, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 152-162.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Objectives In evidence-based medicine, we base our conclusions on the effectiveness of interventions on the results of high-quality meta-analysis. If a new randomized controlled trial (RCT) is unlikely to change the pooled effect estimate, conducting the new trial is a waste of resources. We evaluated whether recommendations not to conduct further RCTs reduced the number of trials registered for two scenarios. Methods Analysis of registered trials on the World Health Organisation (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). We regarded trial protocols relevant if they evaluated the effectiveness of (1) exercise for chronic low back pain (LBP) and (2) cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for chronic pain. We calculated absolute and relative numbers and change of registered trials in a pre-set time window before and after publication of the recommendations, both published in 2012. Results We found 1,574 trials registered in the WHO trial registry for exercise in LBP (459 before 2012; 1,115 after) and 5,037 trials on chronic pain (1,564 before 2012; 3,473 after). Before 2012, 13 trials on exercise for LBP (out of 459) fit the selection criteria, compared to 42 trials (out of 1,115) after, which represents a relative increase of 33%. Twelve trials (out of 1,564) regarding CBT for chronic pain, fit the selection criteria before 2012 and 18 trials (out of 3,473) after, representing a relative decrease of 32%. We found that visibility, media exposure and strength of the r...

Van Zanden, B & Bliokas, V 2021, 'Taking the next step: A qualitative study examining processes of change in a suicide prevention program incorporating peer-workers.', Psychological Services, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 508-518.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Suicide is a leading preventable cause of death (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018). Recent research identifies the time following hospital discharge after a suicide attempt as a critical window whereby suicide risk is heightened. As a result, suicide aftercare services that emphasize timely follow-up intervention are increasingly popular. There is a lack of research exploring the role of peer-workers in the context of suicide prevention aftercare. This is surprising given that peer-work has been hypothesized to promote belongingness, engagement, and hope; all factors theorized as critical to suicide ideation and behavior. This project aimed to address this research gap by exploring the perspectives of six peer-workers and five clinicians (n = 11) employed in a suicide prevention aftercare program. Qualitative data were collected via an online survey and telephone interviews. Interviews explored what processes were perceived by peer-workers and clinicians as critical in facilitating change within the context of a suicide prevention service. Thematic analysis identified four themes encapsulating factors that promote change: (1) utilizing lived experience; (2) emotional availability of peers; (3) building lives worth living; and (4) consumer driven care. Our analysis also identified an additional, but less direct, mechanism of change: Consultation in the context of risk. Our findings show that peer-work in suicide prevention is regarded as largely positive by both peer-workers and clinicians. Peer-workers and clinicians highlighted the importance of collaboration and consultation to facilitate effective management of risk and supervision given the complex nature of suicide prevention work. Finally, workers emphasized the importance of promoting agency amongst service-users, which they viewed as particularly important within the context of suicide prevention. Implications for suicide prevention services are discussed. (PsycInfo Databa...

Varas-Doval, R, Saéz-Benito, L, Gastelurrutia, MA, Benrimoj, SI, Garcia-Cardenas, V & Martinez-Martínez, F 2021, 'Systematic review of pragmatic randomised control trials assessing the effectiveness of professional pharmacy services in community pharmacies', BMC Health Services Research, vol. 21, no. 1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Background Implementation of Professional Pharmacy Services (PPSs) requires a demonstration of the service’s impact (efficacy) and its effectiveness. Several systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials (RCT) have shown the efficacy of PPSs in patient’s outcomes in community pharmacy. There is, however, a need to determine the level of evidence on the effectiveness of PPSs in daily practice by means of pragmatic trials. To identify and analyse pragmatic RCTs that measure the effectiveness of PPSs in clinical, economic and humanistic outcomes in the community pharmacy setting. Methods A systematic search was undertaken in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and SCIELO. The search was performed on January 31, 2020. Papers were assessed against the following inclusion criteria (1) The intervention could be defined as a PPS; (2) Undertaken in a community pharmacy setting; (3) Was an original paper; (4) Reported quantitative measures of at least one health outcome indicator (ECHO model); (5) The design was considered as a pragmatic RCT, that is, it fulfilled 3 predefined attributes. External validity was analyzed with PRECIS- 2 tool. Results The search strategy retrieved 1,587 papers. A total of 12 pragmatic RCTs assessing 5 different types of PPSs were included. Nine out of the 12 papers showed positive statistically significant differences in one or more of the primary outcomes (clinical, economic or humanistic) that could be associated with the following PPS: Smoking cessation, Dispensing/Adherence service, Independent prescribing and MTM. No paper reported on cost-effectiveness outcomes.

Vassallo, S & Douglas, J 2021, 'A novel combined visual scanning and verbal cuing intervention improves facial affect recognition after chronic severe traumatic brain injury: A single case design', Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 863-888.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

A single case design (AB with follow up) was used to determine the effect of a combined visual scanning and verbal cuing intervention technique in improving facial affect recognition after traumatic brain injury (TBI). A 35-year-old male (BR) with impaired ability to recognize facial emotions as a result of severe TBI participated in the study over a 3-month duration. BR's mean accuracy across six universal static facial expressions of emotion improved significantly during intervention and was maintained at follow up. BR was most impaired in labelling negative (sad, angry, disgusted, anxious) versus positive facial expressions (surprised, happy). BR's accuracy to negative facial affect significantly improved during intervention. No further improvement was possible for positive expressions because a ceiling effect was observed at baseline. Overall BR's mean response times across emotions was reduced at baseline but increased significantly during intervention. This was also recorded for both positive and negative expressions, respectively. This novel combined intervention has potential to improve facial affect recognition after TBI. Further evaluation using a multiple-baseline design is recommended. Additional research is needed to determine whether improved facial affect recognition following training translates to improvements in social function and communication in people with TBI.

Vassallo, S & Douglas, J 2021, 'Visual scanpath training to emotional faces following severe traumatic brain injury: A single case design', Journal of Eye Movement Research, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1-16.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The visual scanpath to emotional facial expressions was recorded in BR, a 35-year-old male with chronic severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), both before and after he underwent intervention. The novel intervention paradigm combined visual scanpath training with verbal feedback and was implemented over a 3-month period using a single case design (AB) with one follow up session. At baseline BR’s scanpath was restricted, characterised by gaze allocation primarily to salient facial features on the right side of the face stimulus. Following intervention his visual scanpath became more lateralised, although he continued to demonstrate an attentional bias to the right side of the face stimulus. This study is the first to demonstrate change in both the pattern and the position of the visual scanpath to emotional faces following intervention in a person with chronic severe TBI. In addition, these findings extend upon our previous work to suggest that modification of the visual scanpath through targeted facial feature training can support improved facial recognition performance in a person with severe TBI.

Vatter, S, Bartley, N, Best, M, Juraskova, I, Jacobs, C, Ballinger, ML, Thomas, DM & Butow, P 2021, 'Does undertaking genome sequencing prompt actual and planned lifestyle-related behavior change in cancer patients and survivors? A qualitative study', Journal of Psychosocial Oncology Research & Practice, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. e059-e059.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Background: In order for genomic testing to fulfil its promise of helping cancer patients and survivors to prevent future disease, it is important to consider its behavioral impact and outcomes. This study explored the factors that participants perceived would impact lifestyle-related behavioral intentions following genome sequencing (GS). Methods: Individual semistructured interviews were conducted to explore behavioral intentions with a purposive subsample of 24 adults with a past or current cancer of likely heritable aetiology who undertook germline GS as part of a larger genetic study (RisC). Participants were interviewed 12 months following their consent to a longitudinal psychosocial sub-study of RisC (PiGeOn study), before receipt of results. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Analysis revealed 3 main themes: past prompts, barriers, and motivators to behavior change. The primary goal for behavioral change was to be healthy for oneself and one's family. Past experience of cancer facilitated positive modifications to lifestyle, such as increased exercise and healthy diet, higher prioritization of mental health and well-being, and regular health check-ups and tests. Maintaining these changes, however, was difficult for some due to daily commitments and lack of self-control. Limited knowledge and perceived inevitability of developing cancer due to genetic predisposition were recognized as barriers to making lifestyle changes. Concurrently, future receipt of actionable results was perceived as a powerful driver of behavior change. Conc...

Veldre, A, Wong, R & Andrews, S 2021, 'Reading proficiency predicts the extent of the right, but not left, perceptual span in older readers', Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 18-26.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Verhagen, A 2021, 'Please refrain from presenting p-values!', Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, vol. 52, pp. 102351-102351.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Verhagen, A & Hancock, M 2021, 'Research Note: Diagnostic test accuracy studies', Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 69-71.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Verhagen, A & Yu, L-M 2021, 'Editorial: What about sample size?', Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, vol. 54, pp. 102405-102405.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Verhagen, AP 2021, 'Physiotherapy management of neck pain', Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 5-11.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Viswasam, K, Berle, D, Milicevic, D & Starcevic, V 2021, 'Prevalence and onset of anxiety and related disorders throughout pregnancy: A prospective study in an Australian sample', Psychiatry Research, vol. 297, pp. 113721-113721.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and related disorders (e.g., obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD]) and major depressive disorder (MDD) at any time during pregnancy and during each pregnancy trimester and ascertain the proportions of women with an onset of these disorders during pregnancy. Several questionnaires and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview were administered to 200 women at each pregnancy trimester. Complete data were obtained from 148 participants. The most prevalent anxiety disorder at any time during pregnancy was panic disorder (PD), followed by generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and OCD. Unlike all the other disorders, the prevalence rates of OCD increased steadily from the first to the third trimester. Approximately one half of women with OCD and about one third of women with PD, GAD and MDD at any time during pregnancy had an onset of these disorders during pregnancy. Pregnancy may be a risk factor for an onset of OCD and to a lesser extent, for an onset of PD, GAD and MDD. Absence of remission of OCD during pregnancy despite treatment may suggest treatment resistance of OCD at this time. These findings have implications for recognition, prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders during pregnancy.

Wallace, SJ, Sullivan, B, Rose, TA, Worrall, L, Le Dorze, G & Shrubsole, K 2021, 'Core Outcome Set Use in Poststroke Aphasia Treatment Research: Examining Barriers and Facilitators to Implementation Using the Theoretical Domains Framework', Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, vol. 64, no. 10, pp. 3969-3982.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

PurposeA core outcome set (COS; an agreed minimum set of outcomes) was developed to address the heterogeneous measurement of outcomes in poststroke aphasia treatment research. Successful implementation of a COS requires change in individual and collective research behavior. We used the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to understand the factors influencing researchers' use and nonuse of the Research Outcome Measurement in Aphasia (ROMA) COS.MethodAphasia trialists and highly published treatment researchers were identified from the Cochrane review of speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke and through database searches. Participants completed a theory-informed online survey that explored factors influencing COS use. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis.ResultsSixty-four aphasia researchers from 13 countries participated. Most participants (81%) were aware of the ROMA COS, and participants identified more facilitators than barriers to its use. The TDF domain with the highest agreement (i.e., facilitator) was “knowledge” (84% agree/strongly agree). Participants had knowledge of the measures included in the ROMA COS, their associated benefits, and the existing recommendations. The TDF domains with the least agreement (i.e., barriers) were “reinforcement” (34% agree/strongly agree); “social influences” (41% agree/strongly agree); “memory, attention, and decision processes” (45% agree/strongly agree); and “behavioral regulation” (49% agree/strongly agree). Hence, participants identified a lack of external incentives, collegial encouragement, and monitoring systems as barriers to using the ROMA COS. The suitability and availability of individual measurement instruments, as well as burden associated with collecting the COS, were also...

Walsh, L, Hemsley, B, Allan, M, Dahm, MR, Balandin, S, Georgiou, A, Higgins, I, McCarthy, S & Hill, S 2021, 'Assessing the information quality and usability of My Health Record within a health literacy framework: What’s changed since 2016?', Health Information Management Journal, vol. 50, no. 1-2, pp. 13-25.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Background: This study examined the health literacy demands of My Health Record (MyHR) in the context of preparing for a government-announced opt-out system by repeating two studies of health information and usability conducted in 2016. Objective: To examine whether Australia’s MyHR meets the information and usability needs of people at risk of low health literacy and changes since 2016. Method: Content analysis: Informed by the 2016 methods and findings, measures of information quality, themes and target audiences were recorded and reported for each online consumer-facing health information resource. Heuristic evaluation: An evaluation of the MyHR and supporting information website was conducted using a predetermined checklist of usability criteria. A list of usability violations for both websites was identified. Results: Total number of resources grew from 80 in 2016 to 233 in 2018. There was little change since 2016 to average readability levels, target audiences, presentation style, links between resources and usability of MyHR. Compared to 2016, this study demonstrated increases in resources from non-government organisations; video resources; translated resources; and resources with themes of privacy, security and post-registration use. Conclusion: This study identified some improvements in information quality since 2016, but gaps remain in information quality and usability which may negatively impact the ability for people with low health literacy to access and use MyHR. Implications: This study provides a framework for ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the suitability of MyHR for people at ri...

Wang, DY, Eccles, R, Bell, J, Chua, AH, Salvi, S, Schellack, N, Marks, P & Wong, YC 2021, 'Management of acute upper respiratory tract infection: the role of early intervention', Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 1517-1523.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Introduction: Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is an illness caused by an acute infection by viruses or bacteria of the nose, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. Most URTIs are short, mild, and self-limiting, but some can lead to serious complications, resulting in heavy social and economic burden on individuals and society. Areas covered: This article presents the management guidelines and consensus established through the Delphi method during an expert roundtable conducted in November 2020 and results of a targeted literature review. Expert opinion: The current acute URTI management strategies aim toward symptom alleviation and prevention of URTI virus transmission. The effectiveness of these strategies is highly increased with early intervention, administered prior to the peaking of viral shedding. This reduces the chances of developing a full-blown acute URTI, decreases symptom severity, and reduces viral transmission. Mucoadhesive gel nasal sprays have shown promising results for early intervention of acute URTI. They act by creating a barrier that can trap virus particles, thereby preventing invasion of the mucosa by the virus. Additionally, they deliver broad spectrum activity that is effective against a wide variety of pathogens that cause acute URTI. Acute URTI warrants greater attention and proactive management in reducing its burden.

Wang, X, Moullaali, TJ, Ouyang, M, Billot, L, Sandset, EC, Song, L, Delcourt, C, Hackett, ML, Watkins, CL, Robinson, TG, Yang, J, Lavados, PM, Brunser, A, Olavarría, VV, Muñoz-Venturelli, P, Arima, H, Middleton, S, Pontes-Neto, OM, Pandian, JD, Rogers, K & Anderson, CS 2021, 'Influence of Including Patients with Premorbid Disability in Acute Stroke Trials: The HeadPoST Experience', Cerebrovascular Diseases, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 78-87.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Patients with premorbid functional impairment are generally excluded from acute stroke trials. We aimed to determine the impact of including such patients in the Head Positioning in acute Stroke Trial (HeadPoST) and early additional impairment on outcomes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Post hoc analyses of HeadPoST, an international, cluster-randomized crossover trial of lying-flat versus sitting-up head positioning in acute stroke. Associations of early additional impairment, defined as change in modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores from premorbid levels (estimated at baseline) to Day 7 (“early ΔmRS”), and poor outcome (mRS score 3–6) at Day 90 were determined with generalized linear mixed model. Heterogeneity of the trial treatment effect was tested according to premorbid mRS scores 0–1 versus 2–5. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 8,285 patients (38.9% female, mean age 68 ± 13 years) with complete data, there were 1,984 (23.9%) with premorbid functional impairment (mRS 2–5). A significant linear association was evident for early ∆mRS and poor outcome (per 1-point increase in ΔmRS, adjusted odds ratio 1.20, 95% confidence interval 1.14–1.27; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001). Patients with greater premorbid functional impairment were less likely to develop additional impairment, but their risk of poor 90-day outcome significantly increased with increasing (worse) premorbid mRS scores (linear trend <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001). There was no heterogeneity of the trial treatment effect by level of premorbid function. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Early poststroke functional impairment that exceeded premorbid levels was associated with worse 90-day outcome, and this association increased with greater premorbid functional impairment. Yet, including premorbid impaired patients in the HeadPoST did not materially affect the subsequent...

Watson, P & Le Pelley, ME 2021, 'A meta-analysis of the relationship between eating restraint, impaired cognitive control and cognitive bias to food in non-clinical samples', Clinical Psychology Review, vol. 89, pp. 102082-102082.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Watson, P, Vasudevan, A, Pearson, D & Le Pelley, ME 2021, 'Eating restraint is associated with reduced attentional capture by signals of valuable food reward', Appetite, vol. 159, pp. 105050-105050.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

White, D, Sutherland, CAM & Burton, AL 2021, 'Correction to: Choosing face: The curse of self in profile image selection', Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, vol. 6, no. 1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Wingbermühle, RW, Chiarotto, A, van Trijffel, E, Koes, B, Verhagen, AP & Heymans, MW 2021, 'Development and internal validation of prognostic models for recovery in patients with non-specific neck pain presenting in primary care', Physiotherapy, vol. 113, pp. 61-72.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Objectives: Development and internal validation of prognostic models for post-treatment and 1-year recovery in patients with neck pain in primary care. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Primary care manual therapy practices. Participants: Patients with non-specific neck pain of any duration (n = 1193). Intervention: Usual care manual therapy. Outcome measures: Recovery defined in terms of pain intensity, disability, and global perceived improvement directly post-treatment and at 1-year follow-up. Results: All post-treatment models exhibited acceptable discriminative performance after derivation (AUC ≥ 0.7). The developed post-treatment disability model exhibited the best overall performance (R2 = 0.24; IQR, 0.22–0.26), discrimination (AUC = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.63–0.84), and calibration (slope 0.92; IQR, 0.91–0.93). After internal validation and penalization, this model retained acceptable discriminative performance (AUC = 0.74). The five other models, including those predicting 1-year recovery, did not reach acceptable discriminative performance after internal validation. Baseline pain duration, disability, and pain intensity were consistent predictors across models. Conclusion: A post-treatment prognostic model for disability was successfully developed and internally validated. This model has potential to inform primary care clinicians about a patient’s individual prognosis after treatment, but external validation is required before clinical use can be recommended.

Wingbermühle, RW, Heymans, MW, van Trijffel, E, Chiarotto, A, Koes, B & Verhagen, AP 2021, 'External validation of prognostic models for recovery in patients with neck pain', Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 775-784.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Wong, QJJ, Gregory, B, Norton, AR, Shikatani, B, Boulton, KA, Torok, M, Porter, MA, Peters, L, Abbott, MJ & Antony, MM 2021, 'Psychometric properties of the Self-Beliefs related to Social Anxiety (SBSA) scale in a sample of individuals with social anxiety disorder', Journal of Anxiety Disorders, vol. 78, pp. 102365-102365.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Wootton, BM, Bragdon, LB, Worden, BL, Diefenbach, GJ, Stevens, MC & Tolin, DF 2021, 'Measuring Within-Session and Between-Session Compliance in Hoarding Disorder: A Preliminary Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the CBT Compliance Measure (CCM) and Patient Exposure/Response Prevention Adherence Scale for Hoarding (PEAS-H)', Assessment, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 1694-1707.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Hoarding disorder (HD) is a new psychiatric diagnosis in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth edition and preliminary evidence suggests that cognitive-behavioral treatments are effective in treating this condition. However, it has been demonstrated that individuals with HD generally display poor compliance during treatment, which may lead to poor outcomes. Treatment compliance can be conceptualized as either within-session or between-session compliance, but currently there are no validated measures of within-session or between-session compliance specifically for HD. The aim of this study was to provide an initial validation of the CBT Compliance Measure and the Patient Exposure/Response Prevention Adherence Scale for Hoarding in a sample of participants with HD who were undergoing group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for HD ( N = 70). Both measures, which were administered at each relevant treatment session, demonstrated a unidimensional structure, good reliability, as well as predictive validity, and are thus promising in the measurement of within-session and between-session compliance with CBT for HD.

Wootton, BM, Karin, E, Dear, BF, Staples, L, Nielssen, O, Kayrouz, R & Titov, N 2021, 'Internet-delivered cognitive-behaviour therapy (ICBT) for obsessive-compulsive disorder when delivered as routine clinical care: A phase IV clinical trial', Journal of Anxiety Disorders, vol. 82, pp. 102444-102444.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Yeates, L, Gardner, K, Do, J, Van Den Heuvel, L, Fleming, G, Semsarian, C, Mcewen, A, Adlard, L & Ingles, J 2021, 'Using co-design to develop an online intervention for families after a sudden cardiac death in the young', European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, vol. 20, no. Supplement_1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): National Heart Foundation of Australia / NHMRC Co-funded Post Graduate Scholarship Introduction Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a devastating complication of many genetic heart diseases. The psychological impact on surviving family members is significant and lifelong. Previous needs analysis found medical and psychological needs are of high importance but remain unmet in some cases. Co-design is an increasingly popular research method for the development of interventions and services that include users as contributing members of the research team. Previous research has shown co-design leads to innovative ideas that better address user needs. Purpose To use co-design to develop an online support intervention for families after SCD. Methods Semi-structured moderated online focus groups were held with key stakeholders, including family members who had experienced young SCD, healthcare professionals and researchers. Guided discussions were used to co-design an online support intervention. Thematic analysis of discussions and iterative feedback on draft materials guided content development. Results Four focus groups were held (average 11 participants per group). Stakeholder involvement facilitated development of high-level ideas and pr...

You, J, Corley, SM, Wen, L, Hodge, C, Höllhumer, R, Madigan, MC, Wilkins, MR & Sutton, G 2021, 'Author Correction: RNA-Seq analysis and comparison of corneal epithelium in keratoconus and myopia patients', Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 1.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Zarzuelo, MJ, Valverde-Merino, MI, Fernandez-Rodriguez, M, Amador-Fernandez, N, Uribe-Sanchez, A, Gomez-Guzman, M & Martinez-Martinez, F 2021, 'Results of Development and Application of an Objective Structured Clinical Examination: A Pioneering Experience in Pharmaceutical Care', Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 621-628.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Objectives: Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a tool to assess skills and competencies and it can be relevant in Pharmacy studies and more specifically in Pharmaceutical Care (PC) to develop more practical and useful skills in the working life of a healthcare professional. Design and Methods: A prospective study was performed by students of the subject of PC in the Bachelor of Pharmacy and by students from the Master in PC, at the end of their classes. Five stations with standardized patients and written records were designed. A checklist was prepared in each station with various components to evaluate competencies and a questionnaire to explore students´ opinion was designed. Results: The mean of the global punctuation was 65.17±11.30/100, being higher for the Master student than Bachelor. 85.10% of students passed the exam. The best scored station by the students was the one of “Adherence” and the worst were both the written stations (“Dispensing Record” and “Medication Review Follow-up”). The best competency was technique. The activity was valued very positively according to the global score of the opinion questionnaire (4.50±0.50/5). Conclusion: Pharmacists must boost their skills and abilities required to perform pharmacy services. The use of OSCE represents a new tool to encourage and evaluate these PC skills.

Bogdanovych, A, Moses, K, Wootton, B & Trescak, T 1970, 'Dealing with a Panic Attack: a Virtual Reality Training Module for Postgraduate Psychology Students', Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, VRST '21: 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, ACM.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Burton, A & Hamilton, B 1970, 'Prevalence of disordered eating in a cohort of young Australians presenting for treatment at a community youth mental health service', JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, BMC.

Carbonell-Duacastella, C, Aznar-Lou, I, Marques-Ercilla, S, Penarrubia-Maria, M, Gil-Girbau, M, Garcia-Cardenas, V, Pasarin, MI & Rubio-Valera, M 1970, 'Prevalence and explanatory factors of medication non-initiation in the pediatric population', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY, SPRINGER, pp. 287-287.

Pommerich, U, Stubbs, P, Eggertsen, P, Fabricius, J & Nielsen, J 1970, 'Multivariable prognostic prediction models for functional independence at discharge from post-acute inpatient rehabilitation following acquired brain injury – conference abstract for a systematic review and meta-analysis (Oral presentation)', European Congress of NeuroRehabilitation 2021, Digitally.

Reisel, D, Burnell, M, Side, L, Loggenberg, K, Gessler, S, Desai, R, Sanderson, S, Brady, A, Dorkins, H, Wallis, Y, Jacobs, C, Legood, R, Beller, U, Tomlinson, I, Menon, U, Jacobs, I & Manchanda, R 1970, '874 Uptake of population based BRCA-testing across Jewish denominations and affect of cultural and religious factors: a cohort study', Prevention of gynaecologic cancer, ESGO 2021 Congress, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, pp. A316-A316.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Steel, Z, Berle, D & Hilbrink, D 1970, 'USING OUTCOME EFFECTIVENESS MONITORING TO INFORM TREATMENT PLANNING FOR VETERANS AND FIRST RESPONDERS PRESENTING WITH COMPLEX PTSD', AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY, SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, pp. 32-33.

Sullivan, R, Harding, K, Skinner, I & Hemsley, B 1970, '1C.001 A systematic review and meta-analysis of hospital falls in people with stroke', Abstracts, Virtual Pre-Conference Global Injury Prevention Showcase 2021 – Abstract Book, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Baird, K, Fry, M & McAloon, J Faculty of Health, UTS 2021, Evidence based, trauma informed/focused psychological treatment outcomes for women who have experienced and survived domestic violence: A scoping review., The Women's Resilience Centre, University of Technology Sydney.

Debono, D, O'Connor, J, Taylor, N, Carnemolla, P, Svejkar, D, Travaglia, J, Robertson, H, Hemsley, B, Darcy, S & Saunders, C UTS 2021, Embedding evaluation as part of core business: A customised, co-designed evaluation framework to improve outcomes for people with disabilities, their families and carers. Phase One: Co-design of an initial prototype Evaluation Framework to guide evaluation at Onemda Sydney, Centre for Health Services Management, University of Technology Sydney., Sydney.

Hall, C, Amor, D, Cohen, J, Davis, R, Durvasula, S, Franklin, C, Hemsley, B, Karve, A, Kyrkou, M, Lennox, N, Leonard, H, Marraffa, C, McVilly, K, Ng, R, Palmer, H, Shek, A, Siegel-Brown, N, Small, J, Sommerville, E, Tracey, J, Wilson, NJ, Wishart, J & Zimmett, M 2021, Developmental Disability, at eTG online.

Smith-Merry, J, Plumb, J, Gallego, G, Yen, I, Imms, C, Carey, G, O'Donovan, M-A, Dew, A, Gilroy, J, Darcy, S & Hemsley, B University of Sydney 2021, Setting an agenda for disability research in Australia. Survey results, Sydney.
View description>>

This report presents the results of a survey completed by 973 people with involvement or interest inAustralian disability research. It is part of multi-phase research agenda setting exercise that has beenconducted to understand existing disability research in Australia and consult with the disability sector tounderstand their priorities for disability research over the next decade. This research was funded by theNational Disability Research Partnership (NDRP) to underpin their development of an agenda forAustralian disability research over the next decade. The research was conducted by a consortium of nongovernment organisations (NGOs), academics and research partners, including people with livedexperience of disability.The online survey, ethically approved and conducted in early 2021, aimed to gather quantitative andqualitative data on the following questions: How is disability research currently being used? What areas should disability research focus on over the next 10 years? How can we create better access to disability research for people who wish to use it?The survey forms part of a larger consultation process conducted in partnership with NGOs, the results ofwhich will be reported separately.

Canales-Johnson, A, Beerendonk, L, Chennu, S, Davidson, MJ, Ince, RAA & van Gaal, S 2021, 'Feedback information sharing in the human brain reflects bistable perception in the absence of report', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Chen, L, Debono, D & Hemsley, B 2021, 'A Scoping Review of Research on Food Design Interventions to Improve Nutrition in Adults: A Focus on Food Shaping with Implications for Older Adults with Swallowing Disorders', Center for Open Science.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Davidson, MJ, Macdonald, JSP & Yeung, N 2021, 'Alpha oscillations and stimulus-evoked activity dissociate metacognitive reports of attention, visibility and confidence in a rapid visual detection task', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Dua, K, Löbenberg, R, Luzo, ACM, Shukla, S & Satija, S 2021, 'Targeting Cellular Signalling Pathways in Lung Diseases', Springer.
View description>>

The book comprehensively reviews and provides detailed insight into the cellular and molecular signalling mechanisms involved in pathophysiology of various respiratory diseases, towards developing effective therapeutic strategies in the ...

Dua, K, Mehta, M, Pinto, TDJA, Pont, LG, Williams, KA & Rathbone, M 2021, 'Advanced Drug Delivery Systems in the Management of Cancer', Elsevier.
View description>>

This book begins with a brief introduction to cancer biology. This is followed by an overview of the current landscape in pharmacotherapy for the cancer management.

Fioratti, I, Miyamoto, GC, Fandim, JV, Ribeiro, CPP, Batista, GD, Freitas, GE, Palomo, AS, Reis, FJJD, Costa, LOP, Maher, CG & Saragiotto, BT 2021, 'Feasibility, Usability and Implementation Context of an Internet-Based Pain Education and Exercise Program for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: a pilot trial of the REABILITADOR program (Preprint)', JMIR Publications Inc..
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Hatoum, AH, Burton, AL & Abbott, MJ 2021, 'Assessing Negative Core Beliefs in Eating Disorders: Revision of the Eating Disorder Core Beliefs Questionnaire', Research Square Platform LLC.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Jenkins, LC, Chang, W-J, Buscemi, V, Liston, M, Humburg, P, Nicholas, M, Graven-Nielsen, T, Hodges, PW, McAuley, JH & Schabrun, SM 2021, 'Cortical function and sensorimotor plasticity predict future low back pain after an acute episode: the UPWaRD prospective cohort study', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Jenkins, LC, Chang, W-J, Buscemi, V, Liston, M, Nicholas, M, Graven-Nielsen, T, Hodges, PW, Wasinger, VC, Stone, LS, Dorsey, SG, McAuley, JH & Schabrun, SM 2021, 'The Understanding persistent Pain Where it ResiDes study of low back pain cohort profile', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Lambert, M, Smit, C, Vos, SD, Benko, R, Llor, C, Paget, J, Briant, K, Pont, L, Dijk, LV & Taxis, K 2021, 'A systematic literature review of community pharmacist-led interventions to optimize the use of antibiotics', Authorea, Inc..
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Leung, KFC, Golzan, M, Egodage, C, Rodda, S, Cracknell, R, Macken, P & Kaushik, S 2021, 'Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Ophthalmic Presentations to an Australian Outer Metropolitan and Rural Emergency Department: A Retrospective Comparative Study', Research Square Platform LLC.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Mughal, F, Raffe, W, Stubbs, P, Kneebone, I & Garcia, J 2021, 'Fitbits for monitoring depressive tendencies in older aged persons: Qualitative outcomes of a feasibility study (Preprint)', JMIR Publications Inc..
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Munday, I, Kneebone, I & Newton-John, T 2021, 'The language of chronic pain'.
View description>>

Background and Aims: Pain is a universal phenomenon, but it is also inherently private and subjective – there is no objective test for its existence. Sufferers rely primarily on language to render their pain public, to describe and qualify their pain experience. It has been suggested that pain language may thus provide the best tool to assess and measure pain (1). The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ; 2) paved the way for incorporating language into pain research. However, more recent research has gone further and explored aspects of pain language such as metaphors (3) and linguistic and grammatical patterns (4). The objective of this study was to explore the ways in which those with chronic pain use language to speak about and describe their pain experience.Methods: Three focus groups were conducted with a total of 16 participants (age range = 22 – 74 years, mean age = 46.6 years) who were attending an outpatient chronic pain management program (average pain duration = 6.6 years). Participants were asked to describe aspects of their pain experience such as how their pain feels and how pain affects their lives. These focus groups were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analysed via thematic analysis. Results: The key themes and subthemes identified were: Isolation (Invisibility of Pain, Difficulty of Pain Expression, Suffering Alone, Separation from Others, Shame), Physical Sensations of Pain (Size and Weight, Strange Sensations, Temperature, Piercing, Aching, Making Pain Relatable), Pain Personified (As an Adversary, As External to Self), Pain as Overwhelming (Unrelenting Nature of Pain, Loss and Ruin), and Coping with Pain (Holding on and Moving Forward, Finding Positives). Across themes, participants utilised metaphorical language and spoke of their pain in an externalizing fashion, personifying it as an adversary and as outside of their self. The physical, sensory aspects of pain were subsumed by a personal narrative of pain and its effect on th...

Paudel, KR, Mehta, M, Yin, GHS, Yen, LL, Malyla, V, Patel, VK, Panneerselvam, J, Madheswaran, T, MacLoughlin, R, Jha, NK, Gupta, PK, Singh, SK, Gupta, G, Kumar, P, Oliver, BG, Hansbro, PM, Chellappan, DK & Dua, K 2021, 'Berberine-Loaded Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles Inhibit Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Proliferation and Migration in Vitro', Research Square Platform LLC.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>

Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is reported to have a high incidence rate and is one of the most prevalent types of lung cancer contributing towards 85 percent of all incidences of lung cancer. Berberine is a potent isoquinoline alkaloid which offers a broad range of therapeutical and pharmacological actions against cancer. However, extremely low water solubility and poor oral bioavailability have largely restricted its therapeutic applications. To overcome these limitations, we synthesized Berberine-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNs) and investigated them in vitro for their antiproliferative and antimigratory properties in human lung epithelial cancer cell line (A549). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Trypan blue staining, and colony forming assays were used to evaluate the anti-proliferative activity, while scratch wound healing assay and a modified Boyden chamber assay were employed to determine the anti-migratory activity. We also investigated critical proteins associated with lung cancer. The developed nanoparticles (NPs) were found to have an average particle size of 181.3 nm with spherical shape, high entrapment efficiency (75.35 %) and have shown sustained release behaviour. The most remarkable findings reported with Berberine-loaded LCNs were significant suppression of proliferation, inhibition of colony formation, inhibition of invasion or migration via Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) related proteins associated with cancer progression. Further in-depth investigations into anti-cancer mechanistic research will expand and strengthen the current findings of Berberine-LCNs as a potential NSCLC treatment option.

Porykali, B, Cullen, P, Hunter, K, Rogers, K, Kang, M, Young, N, Senserrick, T, Clapham, K & Ivers, R 2021, 'The road beyond licensing: The impact of a driver licensing support program on employment outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians', Research Square Platform LLC.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Sanchez-Molina, AI, Benrimoj, SI, Ferri-Garcia, R, Martinez-Martinez, F, Gastelurrutia, MA & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2021, 'Development and Validation of a Tool to Measure Collaborative Practice Between Community Pharmacists and Physicians From the Perspective of Community Pharmacists: The Professional Collaborative Practice Tool', Research Square Platform LLC.
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Smith, R, Bryant, L & Hemsley, B 2021, 'A review of food design for people on texture-modified diets: The shape of things to come'.

Smith, R, Bryant, L & Hemsley, B 2021, 'Can the personal cost of dysphagia on quality of life, participation, and inclusion be reduced through improved food design and 3D food printing? Views of adults with swallowing disability'.

Smith, R, Bryant, L & Hemsley, B 2021, 'Mealtimes are a balancing act: Health professionals’ views on the quality of life impacts of dysphagia and potential for improvements through 3D food printing'.

Smith, R, Bryant, L & Hemsley, B 2021, 'The impacts of dysphagia on quality of life, participation, and inclusion for adults and children with dysphagia: A systematic review'.

Smith-Merry, J, O'Donovan, M-A, Dew, A, Hemsley, B, Imms, C, Carey, G, Darcy, S, Ellem, K, Gallego, G, Gilroy, J, Guastella, A, Marella, M, McVilly, K & Plumb, J 2021, 'The Future of Disability Research in Australia: Protocol for a Multiphase Research Agenda–Setting Study (Preprint)', JMIR Publications Inc..
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Tully, P, Cosh, S & Wootton, B 2021, 'Hoarding to the heart’s content: a case series and detailed case report of hoarding treatment in heart failure', Authorea, Inc..
View/Download from: Publisher's site

Veldre, A, Wong, R & Andrews, S 2021, 'Predictability effects and parafoveal processing in older readers', Center for Open Science.
View/Download from: Publisher's site