Publications

Dive, LL 2005, 'Resolving the skolem paradox' in Mistakes of Reason: Essays in Honour of John Woods, pp. 64-77.

Freeman, AW, Nguyen, VA & Alais, D 2005, 'The nature and depth of binocular rivalry suppression' in Blake, R & Alais, D (eds), Binocular Rivalry and Perceptual Ambiguity.

Newton-John, T 2005, 'Psychological management of chronic pain' in Core Topics in Pain, Cambridge University Press, pp. 293-298.
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© Cambridge University Press 2005 and Cambridge University Press, 2009. Introduction It is axiomatic to state that patients experiencing chronic pain often experience significant psychological dysfunction. Any clinician who has spent any time in a pain clinic will be aware of the high levels of emotional and behavioural disturbance that can occur in this patient group. Depression, anxiety and anger are common emotional states associated with chronic pain. Moreover, pain patients may show unusual gait patterns, with guarding and bracing of affected areas of the body, and other physical behaviours. The psychological perspective from which one addresses these difficulties depends very much upon the model of pain, implicit or explicit, that one holds. The first section of this chapter will therefore discuss pain models and their relationship to treatment. Key psychological theories will then be laid out (as they apply to chronic pain) and the various components of the theories discussed. Finally, a number of relevant issues in the application of psychological treatments for chronic pain will be discussed. Chronic pain and psychology: separation or integration? The publication of the gate control theory of pain in 1965 marked a shift in thinking, in relation to psychological processes in pain. Up to that point, the experience of pain was largely a biomedical phenomenon. How much you were hurt was dependent upon where you were injured, and the extent to which your tissues were damaged.

Bax, L, Staes, F & Verhagen, A 2005, 'Does Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Strengthen the Quadriceps Femoris?', Sports Medicine, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 191-212.
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Berger, K, Eickhoff, C & Schulz, M 2005, 'Counselling quality in community pharmacies: implementation of the pseudo customer methodology in Germany', Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 45-57.
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Berle, D & Starcevic, V 2005, 'Thought–action fusion: Review of the literature and future directions', Clinical Psychology Review, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 263-284.
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Block, S, Onslow, M, Packman, A, Gray, B & Dacakis, G 2005, 'Treatment of chronic stuttering: outcomes from a student training clinic', International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 455-466.
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Background: It has been suggested that one way to increase speech pathologists' confidence in working with people who stutter is to provide them with relevant and stimulating clinical experiences during their professional preparation. This paper describes a treatment programme for adults who stutter that is conducted by speech pathology students, under supervision, in an Australian university setting. The aim of the research presented here was to establish speech outcomes for this programme, and to determine whether the programme meets benchmarks set by reports of similar programmes, in addition to providing mentorship for student clinicians. Methods & Procedure: Participants were 78 adults who were treated in one of five consecutive treatment programmes during a 3-year period. The treatment was a traditional intensive speech restructuring treatment known as Smooth Speech, conducted over a 5-day period. Speech assessments were conducted 1 week and 1 day before the start of the treatment programme. Post-treatment assessments were conducted immediately following the intensive component of the programme, and 3 months, 12 months and 3.5-5 years post-treatment. The student clinic treatment model in this report produced objective speech data for more subjects in one outcome study than has ever been reported before. Data for 87% (68/78) of participants were available at 3.5-5-year follow-up. Results showed that outcomes for stuttering, speech naturalness, and client self-reports were all comparable with existing reports of similar programmes. The present results were attained with a student/supervisor ratio of around 8:1. Conclusions: We conclude that a clinician-supervised student clinic has the potential to supply services for those with chronic stuttering, as well as providing effective clinical education for student clinicians during their professional preparation. The student clinic treatment model produced varied, objective speech data for more subjects than has e...

Brouwer, RW, Jakma, TSC, Bierma-Zeinstra, SMA, Verhagen, AP & Verhaar, J 2005, 'Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis', COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS, no. 1.
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Brouwer, RW, van Raaij, TM, Jakma, TTSC, Verhagen, AP, Verhaar, JAN & Bierma-Zeinstra, SMA 2005, 'Braces and orthoses for treating osteoarthritis of the knee', COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS, no. 1.
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Damen, L, Bruijn, JKJ, Verhagen, AP, Berger, MY, Passchier, J & Koes, BW 2005, 'Symptomatic Treatment of Migraine in Children: A Systematic Review of Medication Trials', Pediatrics, vol. 116, no. 2, pp. e295-e302.
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Objective. Treatment of pediatric migraine includes an individually tailored regimen of both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic measures. The mainstay of symptomatic treatment in children with migraine is intermittent oral or suppository analgesics, but there is no coherent body of evidence on symptomatic treatment of childhood migraine available. The objective of this review is to describe and assess the evidence from randomized and clinical controlled trials concerning the efficacy and tolerability of symptomatic treatment of migraine in children. Design. Systematic review according to the standards of the Cochrane Collaboration. Methods. Databases were searched from inception to June 2004. Additional reference checking was performed. Two authors independently selected randomized and controlled trials evaluating the effects of symptomatic treatment in children (<18 years old) with migraine, using headache (HA) clinical improvement as an outcome measure. Two authors assessed trial quality independently by using the Delphi list, and data were extracted from the original reports by using standardized forms. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was conducted according to type of intervention. Results. A total of 10 trials were included in this review, of which 6 studies were considered to be of high quality. The number of included participants in each trial ranged from 14 to 653, with a total of 1575 patients included in this review. Mean dropout rate was 19.8% (range: 0–39.1%), and the mean age of participants was 11.7 ± 2.2 years (range: 4–18 years). All studies used HA diaries to assess outcomes. In most studies, a measure of clinical improvement was calculated by using these diaries. Improvement often was regarded as being clinically relevant when the patients' HA declined by ≥50%.

de Vet, HCW, Verhagen, AP, Logghe, I & Ostelo, RWJG 2005, 'Erratum: Literature research: Aims and design of systematic reviews. (Australian Journal of Physiotherapy (2005) vol. 51 (2))', Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 51, no. 3, p. 187.

de Vet, HCW, Verhagen, AP, Logghe, I & Ostelo, RWJG 2005, 'Literature research: Aims and design of systematic reviews*', Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 125-128.
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Evans, AW, Leeson, RMA, Newton John, TRO & Petrie, A 2005, 'The influence of self-deception and impression management upon self-assessment in oral surgery', British Dental Journal, vol. 198, no. 12, pp. 765-769.
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Objective: To see if poor self-assessment of surgical performance during removal of mandibular third molars is influenced by self-deception (lack of insight) and impression management (trying to convey a favourable impression). Design: A prospective study of 50 surgeons, surgically removing a lower third molar tooth. Setting: One UK dental school over a two year period. Methods: The surgeons' surgical skills were assessed (by two assessors) and self-assessed using check-list and global rating scales. Post-operatively, surgeons completed validated deception questionnaires which measured both self-deception enhancement (lack of insight), and impression management (the tendency to deliberately convey a favourable impression). Main outcome measures: Reliability between assessors, and between assessors' and surgeons' self-assessments were calculated. Discrepancies between assessors' and surgeons' scores were correlated with surgeons' deception scores. Results: Reliability between assessors was excellent for checklist (0.96) and global rating scales (0.89) and better than the reliability between assessors and surgeons (0.51 and 0.49). There was a statistically significant correlation (r=0.45 p=0.001 checklist, r= 0.48 p<0.001 global) between over/ under-rating of their surgical performance by surgeons and their impression management scores. No statistically significant correlation was found between this inaccuracy in self-assessment and surgeons' individual self-deception scores. Conclusion: The majority of surgeons scored themselves higher than their assessors did for surgical skill in removing a single mandibular third molar tooth. Impression management (the tendency to deliberately convey a favourable impression) may contribute to a surgeon's inaccurate self-reporting of performance. Lack of insight appears to be much less important as a contributing factor. The authors speculate that pressure to provide evidence of good performance may be encouraging surgeons to ma...

Hendriks, EJM, Scholten-Peeters, GGM, van der Windt, DAWM, Neeleman-van der Steen, CWM, Oostendorp, RAB & Verhagen, AP 2005, 'Comment on Hendriks et al.: Prognostic factors for poor recovery in acute whiplash patients. Pain 2005;114:408–416', Pain, vol. 119, no. 1-3, pp. 248-249.
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Hendriks, EJM, Scholten-Peeters, GGM, van der Windt, DAWM, Neeleman-van der Steen, CWM, Oostendorp, RAB & Verhagen, AP 2005, 'Prognostic factors for poor recovery in acute whiplash patients', Pain, vol. 114, no. 3, pp. 408-416.
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Jones, M, Onslow, M, Packman, A, Williams, S, Ormond, T, Schwarz, I & Gebski, V 2005, 'Randomised controlled trial of the Lidcombe programme of early stuttering intervention', BMJ, vol. 331, no. 7518, pp. 659-659.
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Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of the Lidcombe programme of early stuttering intervention by comparison to a control group. Design: A pragmatic, open plan, parallel group, randomised controlled trial with blinded outcome assessment. Setting: Two public speech clinics in New Zealand. Participants: Stuttering preschool children who presented to the speech clinics for treatment. Inclusion criteria were age 3-6 years and frequency of stuttering of at least 2% syllables stuttered. Exclusion criteria were onset of stuttering during the six months before recruitment and treatment for stuttering during the previous 12 months. 54 participants were randomised: 29 to the Lidcombe programme arm and 25 to the control arm. 12 of the participants were girls. Intervention: Lidcombe programme of early stuttering intervention. Main outcome measures: Frequency of stuttering was measured as the proportion of syllables stuttered, from audiotaped recordings of participants' conversational speech outside the clinic. Parents in both arms of the trial collected speech samples in three different speaking situations before randomisation and at three, six, and nine months after randomisation. Results: Analysis showed a highly significant difference (P = 0.003) at nine months after randomisation. The mean proportion of syllables stuttered at nine months after randomisation was 1.5% (SD 1.4) for the treatment arm and 3.9% (SD 3.5) for the control arm, giving an effect size of 2.3% of syllables stuttered (95% confidence interval 0.8 to 3.9). This effect size was more than double the minimum clinically worthwhile difference specified in the trial protocol. Conclusions: The results provide evidence from a randomised controlled trial to support early intervention for stuttering. The Lidcombe programme is an efficacious treatment for stuttering in children of preschool age.

Kim, P, Briganti, EM, Sutton, GL, Lawless, MA, Rogers, CM & Hodge, C 2005, 'Laser in situ keratomileusis for refractive error after cataract surgery', Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 979-986.
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Lawless, MA & Hodge, C 2005, 'Wavefront's role in corneal refractive surgery', Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 199-209.
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AbstractIn the 5 years since the first wavefront‐based LASIK treatment on normal eyes, the ophthalmology profession has had to confront a new language based on astronomy, optics and mathematics. Over this time wavefront technology has been used for diagnosis and treatment, and its application has made the profession define what is meant by good vision, and determine whether, with psychophysical and psychometric tests, it is possible understand how an individual perceives the world. The clinical application of wavefront technology has forced ophthalmologists and vision scientists with an engineering bias to talk to those with a biological bias, and to appreciate that if you try and change the corneal shape, its biological, anatomical and optical properties exist within a complex external eye environment. This perspective article demonstrates that wave­front analysis is a useful diagnostic tool, and that wavefront‐based corneal refractive surgery is an improvement over conventional techniques. Its use by an ophthalmologist is a clinical decision specific to an individual patient.

Lenssinck, M-LB, Frijlink, AC, Berger, MY, Bierma-Zeinstra, SMA, Verkerk, K & Verhagen, AP 2005, 'Effect of Bracing and Other Conservative Interventions in the Treatment of Idiopathic Scoliosis in Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials', Physical Therapy, vol. 85, no. 12, pp. 1329-1339.
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Abstract Background and Purpose. Many conservative treatments are available for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis, but the evidence for their accepted use is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of braces and other conservative treatments of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents by systematically reviewing the literature. Methods. The literature was searched in the PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, and PEDro databases. Studies were selected if the design was a randomized clinical trial or a controlled clinical trial, if all patients had an idiopathic scoliosis, if all patients were less than 18 years of age during the intervention, and if the type of intervention was a conservative one. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological qualityusing the Delphi list and performed data extraction. Analysis was based on the levels of evidence. Results. Thirteen studies met the final inclusion criteria, showing a wide range of interventions such as bracing, electrical surface stimulation, and exercises. Discussion and Conclusion. The authors conclude that the effectiveness of bracing and exercises is not yet established, but might be promising. They found no evidence of the effectiveness of electrical stimulation.

Luijsterburg, PAJ, Schreuder, HK, Verhagen, AP, Avezaat, CJJ & Koes, BW 2005, '[High level of satisfaction among patients despite persistent symptoms in the mid-long-term following surgery for lumbosacral radicular syndrome].', Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, vol. 149, no. 27, pp. 1516-1520.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the mid-long-term outcomes after surgery in patients with lumbosacral radicular syndrome (LRS) and to identify prognostic factors for persisting LRS symptoms. DESIGN: Descriptive retrospective and prospective. METHOD: A total of 250 consecutive patients operated on by 7 neurosurgeons in four hospitals between May and December 2001 were selected from medical records. They were asked to take part in a telephone questionnaire at 6 and 19 months after operation. They had all undergone discectomy for LRS at L4-L5 or L5-S1 and were aged from 18 to 65. RESULTS: Of the 250 patients, 163 participated in the study: 63% reported that they still had LRS-related symptoms 19 months after surgery. However, severe leg pain had decreased in 83% of the patients. In general the patients were satisfied with their treatment. Female gender and an age of 51-65 were prognostic factors for persistent LRS symptoms. CONCLUSION: More than half of the patients reported LRS symptoms 19 months after surgery.

Luijsterburg, PAJ, Verhagen, AP, Braak, S, Oemraw, A, Avezaat, CJJ & Koes, BW 2005, 'General practitioners' management of Lumbosacral Radicular Syndrome compared with a clinical guideline', European Journal of General Practice, vol. 11, no. 3-4, pp. 113-118.
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Objective: To investigate the current treatment policy of general practitioners (GPs) in patients with a lumbosacral radicular syndrome (LRS) compared with their clinical guideline. Design: A cross sectional survey. Methods: Sixty-three GPs completed questionnaires about their treatment policy in individual LRS patients at baseline and at six months follow-up. Simultaneously, 136 LRS patients of these GPs were interviewed at baseline, and at three and six month's follow-up. Results: Of the 12 recommendations in the guideline related to history taking, four were not adhered to by the GPs in about 25% of the patients. Of the ten recommended physical examinations, three are not frequently carried out by the GPs. Almost 40% of the patients were referred to physiotherapy and 27% received muscle relaxants. Conclusion: The majority of the GPs support the content of the LRS guideline. Overall, there was a good adherence with the guideline for history taking and physical examination, and a moderate adherence for treatment policy.

Mangiapane, S, Schulz, M, Mühlig, S, Ihle, P, Schubert, I & Waldmann, H-C 2005, 'Community Pharmacy–Based Pharmaceutical Care for Asthma Patients', Annals of Pharmacotherapy, vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 1817-1822.
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BACKGROUND Despite significant progress in asthma drug therapy in recent years, there has been no major change in asthma morbidity and mortality. It is still important to determine whether pharmaceutical care (PC) influences health outcomes. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of PC with regard to clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes in adults with asthma. METHODS An intervention study was conducted over 12 months. At baseline, 39 community/retail pharmacies, 84 primary care physicians (general practitioners, internal specialists, chest physicians), and 183 patients (aged 18–65 y) diagnosed with asthma were included. To evaluate economic outcomes, 2 German statutory health insurance funds provided 2 years of claims data for their insured patients (n = 55). A 1:10 matching was carried out to compare the data of this intervention subgroup with those of a control group (n = 550). RESULTS Significant improvements were found for all humanistic outcomes (eg, asthma-specific quality of life, self-efficacy, knowledge, medication adherence). In addition, asthma severity, self-reported symptoms, peak expiratory flow, and patients’ inhalation technique improved. Increases in forced expiratory volume in 1 second and vital capacity were not significant over time. Evaluation of the insurance claims data revealed a shift toward better adherence to evidence-based therapy. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that PC for people with asthma has a positive impact on humanistic and, to some extent, on clinical outcomes. To determine potential economic benefits, future research should focus on patients with more severe asthma.

Newton-John, TR 2005, 'The family impact of pain scale: Preliminary validation', JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN MEDICAL SETTINGS, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 349-358.
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Nguyen, VA, Howard, IP & Allison, RS 2005, 'Detection of the depth order of defocused images', Vision Research, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 1003-1011.
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O'Brian, S, Onslow, M, Cream, A & Packman, A 2005, 'Reviewing the Literature? A Response to Prins and Ingham (2005)', Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 1029-1032.
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Overton, SM & Menzies, RG 2005, 'Cognitive Change During Treatment of Compulsive Checking', Behaviour Change, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 172-184.
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AbstractCognitive variables hypothesised to be mediating obsessive—compulsive behaviour include an overestimation of the probability and consequences of danger, a sense of overinflated personal responsibility for harm to oneself or others, a belief in the overimportance of thoughts, a lack of confidence in memory, an intolerance of uncertainty and a need to control thoughts. In the present study, the relationship between these variables and improvement in OCD symptoms was examined. Fourteen obsessive—compulsives with checking concerns completed a 12-session treatment program of exposure and response prevention (ERP). Before and after treatment, subjects completed the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) and a self-rating of severity (SER), and each week they completed the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) and answered seven questions that were used to rate their beliefs in the six cognitive domains outlined above. Changes in perception of danger, intolerance of uncertainty and need to control thoughts all correlated significantly with improvement in symptoms. Moreover, significant changes in these variables occurred immediately prior to or concurrent with major symptom improvement, supporting the possibility that they are mediators of the disorder. Changes in ratings of responsibility, overimportance of thoughts and confidence in memory were not related to improvements in compulsive checking on any scale and, in the case of responsibility, ratings actually increased (i.e., worsened) in the week prior to major improvement in symptoms. For most subjects, major reductions in responsibility ratings only took place after symptom reduction. The implications of these findings for the role of these variables in mediating obsessive—compulsive checking are discussed.

Port, KE, Mountain, H, Nelson, J & Bittles, AH 2005, 'Changing profile of couples seeking genetic counseling for consanguinity in Australia', American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, vol. 132A, no. 2, pp. 159-163.
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AbstractConsanguineous marriage is rare in most Western countries and, for example, in the USA it may be subject to regulation by both civil legislation and religious proscription. This is not the case in many regions of Asia and Africa where marriage within the family is strongly favored. Since the 1970s there has been widespread migration to North America, Western Europe, and Australasia from communities which encourage consanguineous marriage. To assess the effect of this trend on a genetic counseling program, the records of 302 couples referred to Genetic Services of Western Australia for consanguinity counseling were abstracted for the period 1975–2001. Overall, a family history of genetic disease or a previously affected child was reported in 28.8% of cases. Premarital or prepregnancy counseling on grounds of consanguinity was sought by 41.0% of couples, and a further 18.2% of consanguineous couples had been referred because of a consanguineous pregnancy. In 7.6% of cases a relationship closer than first cousin was involved. Through time there was a significant increase in the numbers of consanguineous consultands, and their patterns of religious affiliation and ethnic origin widened markedly. Although effectively excluded from entry to Australia prior to 1975, couples of Asian origin accounted for 25.5% of all consanguineous consultands. With ongoing migration, changes in the ethnic profiles and the specific counseling requirements of consanguineous couples can be expected to continue and probably accelerate. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Roberts, A, Benrimoj, SI, Chen, TF, Williams, K & Aslani, P 2005, 'Implementation of Home Medicines Review (HMR) in Community Pharmacy', Australian Pharmacist, vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 808-813.

Roberts, AS, Benrimoj, SIC, Chen, TF, Williams, KA, Hopp, TR & Aslani, P 2005, 'Understanding practice change in community pharmacy: A qualitative study in Australia', Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 546-564.
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Background: Much of the research on cognitive pharmaceutical services has focused on understanding or changing community pharmacist behaviour, with few studies focusing on the pharmacy as the unit of analysis or considering the whole profession as an org

Schulz, M 2005, 'Comment: when does pharmaceutical care impact health outcomes? A comparison of community pharmacy-based studies of pharmaceutical care for patients with asthma', Annals of Pharmacotherapy, vol. 39, no. 7-8, pp. 1371-1371.
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Sercombe, JK, Liu‐Brennan, D, Garcia, ML & Tovey, ER 2005, 'Evaluation of home allergen sampling devices', Allergy, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 515-520.
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Background:  Simple, inexpensive methods of sampling from allergen reservoirs are necessary for large‐scale studies or low‐cost householder‐operated allergen measurement.Methods:  We tested two commercial devices: the Indoor Biotechnologies Mitest Dust Collector and the Dräger Bio‐Check Allergen Control; two devices of our own design: the Electrostatic Cloth Sampler (ECS) and the Press Tape Sampler (PTS); and a Vacuum Sampler as used in many allergen studies (our Reference Method). Devices were used to collect dust mite allergen samples from 16 domestic carpets. Results were examined for correlations between the sampling methods.Results:  With mite allergen concentration expressed as μg/g, the Mitest, the ECS and the PTS correlated with the Reference Method but not with each other. When mite allergen concentration was expressed as μg/m2 the Mitest and the ECS correlated with the Reference Method but the PTS did not. In the high allergen conditions of this study, the Dräger Bio‐Check did not relate to any methods.Conclusions:  The Mitest Dust Collector, the ECS and the PTS show performance consistent with the Reference Method. Many techniques can be used to collect dust mite allergen samples. More investigation is needed to prove any method as superior for estimating allergen exposure.

Smidt, N, de Vet, HCW, Bouter, LM & Dekker, J 2005, 'Effectiveness of exercise therapy: A best-evidence summary of systematic reviews', Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 71-85.
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Spencer, E, Packman, A, Onslow, M & Ferguson, A 2005, 'A preliminary investigation of the impact of stuttering on language use', Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 191-201.
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This paper reflects on the application of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to the field of stuttering. It is argued that the SFL theory may offer insight into the impact that stuttering has on language use. Two case studies are presented to illustrate the application of SFL theory. The two SFL analyses found to be of most use in this pilot study were the analysis of how language is modulated in response to interpersonal aspects of communication (modality) and the analysis of how information is foregrounded (theme). The implications of applying the SFL model to consideration of the utilisation of language resources in people who stutter are discussed. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Ltd.

Spencer, E, Packman, A, Onslow, M & Ferguson, A 2005, 'A preliminary investigation of the impact of stuttering on language use', Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, vol. 19, no. 3 SPEC. ISS., pp. 191-201.
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This paper reflects on the application of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to the field of stuttering. It is argued that the SFL theory may offer insight into the impact that stuttering has on language use. Two case studies are presented to illustrate the application of SFL theory. The two SFL analyses found to be of most use in this pilot study were the analysis of how language is modulated in response to interpersonal aspects of communication (modality) and the analysis of how information is foregrounded (theme). The implications of applying the SFL model to consideration of the utilisation of language resources in people who stutter are discussed. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Ltd.

van Os, AG, Bierma-Zeinstra, SMA, Verhagen, AP, de Bie, RA, Luijsterburg, PAJ & Koes, BW 2005, 'Comparison of Conventional Treatment and Supervised Rehabilitation for Treatment of Acute Lateral Ankle Sprains: A Systematic Review of the Literature', Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 95-105.
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Verhagen, AP, Damen, L, Berger, MY, Passchier, J, Merlijn, V & Koes, BW 2005, 'Conservative treatments of children with episodic tension–type headache', Journal of Neurology, vol. 252, no. 10, pp. 1147-1154.
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Veugelers, R, Calis, EAC, Penning, C, Verhagen, A, Bernsen, R, Bouquet, J, Benninga, MA, Merkus, PJFM, Arets, HGM, Tibboel, D & Evenhuis, HM 2005, 'A population-based nested case control study on recurrent pneumonias in children with severe generalized cerebral palsy: ethical considerations of the design and representativeness of the study sample', BMC Pediatrics, vol. 5, no. 1.
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AbstractBackgroundIn children with severe generalized cerebral palsy, pneumonias are a major health issue. Malnutrition, dysphagia, gastro-oesophageal reflux, impaired respiratory function and constipation are hypothesized risk factors. Still, no data are available on the relative contribution of these possible risk factors in the described population. This paper describes the initiation of a study in 194 children with severe generalized cerebral palsy, on the prevalence and on the impact of these hypothesized risk factors of recurrent pneumonias.Methods/DesignA nested case-control design with 18 months follow-up was chosen. Dysphagia, respiratory function and constipation will be assessed at baseline, malnutrition and gastro-oesophageal reflux at the end of the follow-up. The study population consists of a representative population sample of children with severe generalized cerebral palsy. Inclusion was done through care-centres in a predefined geographical area and not through hospitals. All measurements will be done on-site which sets high demands on all measurements. If these demands were not met in 'gold standard' methods, other methods were chosen. Although the inclusion period was prolonged, the desired sample size of 300 children was not met. With a consent rate of 33%, nearly 10% of all eligible children in the Netherlands are included (n = 194). The study population is subtly different from the non-participants with regard to severity of dysphagia and prevalence rates of pneumonias and gastro-oesophageal reflux.DiscussionEthical issues complicated the study design. Assessment of malnutrition and gastro-oesophageal reflux at baseline was considered unethical, since these conditions can be easily treated. Therefore, we postponed these diagnostics until th...

Worrall, L, Rose, T, Howe, T, Brennan, A, Egan, J, Oxenham, D & McKenna, K 2005, 'Access to written information for people with aphasia', Aphasiology, vol. 19, no. 10-11, pp. 923-929.
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