Abdin, A, Schulz, M, Riemer, U, Hadëri, B, Wachter, R, Laufs, U, Bauersachs, J, Kindermann, I, Vukadinović, D & Böhm, M 2022, 'Sacubitril/valsartan in heart failure: efficacy and safety in and outside clinical trials', ESC Heart Failure, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 3737-3750.
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AbstractHeart failure (HF) treatment has changed substantially over the last 30 years, leading to significant reductions in mortality and hospital admissions in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Currently, the optimization of guideline‐directed chronic HF therapy remains the mainstay to further improve quality of life, mortality, and HF hospitalizations for patients with HFrEF. The angiotensin receptor‐neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) has an important role in the treatment of patients with HFrEF. The PARADIGM‐HF (Prospective Comparison of ARNI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure) randomized controlled trial has established solid evidence for the treatment of HFrEF in various subgroups. Apart from HFrEF, several studies have been conducted using S/V in various indications: patients hospitalized with acute decompensated HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction, acute myocardial infarction with reduced ejection fraction, uncontrolled and resistant hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Data from the German Institute for Drug Use Evaluation reveal that implementation of S/V has increased steadily over time and, by the end of 2021, an estimated 266 000 patients were treated with S/V in Germany. The estimated cumulative real‐world patient exposure is >5.5 million patient‐treatment years worldwide. The number of patients treated with S/V largely exceeds the number of patients treated in clinical trials, and the current indication for S/V is larger than the strict inclusion/exclusion criteria of the randomized trials. Especially elderly patients, women, and patients with more and more severe comorbidities are underrepresented in the clinical trials. We therefore aimed to summarize the importance of S/V in HF in terms of efficacy and safety in clinical trials and daily clinical practice.
Allam, VSRR, Chellappan, DK, Jha, NK, Shastri, MD, Gupta, G, Shukla, SD, Singh, SK, Sunkara, K, Chitranshi, N, Gupta, V, Wich, PR, MacLoughlin, R, Oliver, BGG, Wernersson, S, Pejler, G & Dua, K 2022, 'Treatment of chronic airway diseases using nutraceuticals: Mechanistic insight', Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, vol. 62, no. 27, pp. 7576-7590.
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Respiratory diseases, both acute and chronic, are reported to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting millions of people globally, leading to high socio-economic burden for the society in the recent decades. Chronic inflammation and decline in lung function are the common symptoms of respiratory diseases. The current treatment strategies revolve around using appropriate anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators. A range of anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators are currently available in the market; however, the usage of such medications is limited due to the potential for various adverse effects. To cope with this issue, researchers have been exploring various novel, alternative therapeutic strategies that are safe and effective to treat respiratory diseases. Several studies have been reported on the possible links between food and food-derived products in combating various chronic inflammatory diseases. Nutraceuticals are examples of such food-derived products which are gaining much interest in terms of its usage for the well-being and better human health. As a consequence, intensive research is currently aimed at identifying novel nutraceuticals, and there is an emerging notion that nutraceuticals can have a positive impact in various respiratory diseases. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of nutraceuticals in altering the various cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in mitigating the symptoms of respiratory diseases.
Allam, VSRR, Paudel, KR, Gupta, G, Singh, SK, Vishwas, S, Gulati, M, Gupta, S, Chaitanya, MVNL, Jha, NK, Gupta, PK, Patel, VK, Liu, G, Kamal, MA, Hansbro, PM, Oliver, BGG, Chellappan, DK & Dua, K 2022, 'Nutraceuticals and mitochondrial oxidative stress: bridging the gap in the management of bronchial asthma', Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 29, no. 42, pp. 62733-62754.
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AbstractAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily characterized by inflammation and reversible bronchoconstriction. It is currently one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Oxidative stress further complicates the pathology of the disease. The current treatment strategies for asthma mainly involve the use of anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators. However, long-term usage of such medications is associated with severe adverse effects and complications. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop newer, novel, and safe treatment modalities for the management of asthma. This has therefore prompted further investigations and detailed research to identify and develop novel therapeutic interventions from potent untapped resources. This review focuses on the significance of oxidative stressors that are primarily derived from both mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial sources in initiating the clinical features of asthma. The review also discusses the biological scavenging system of the body and factors that may lead to its malfunction which could result in altered states. Furthermore, the review provides a detailed insight into the therapeutic role of nutraceuticals as an effective strategy to attenuate the deleterious effects of oxidative stress and may be used in the mitigation of the cardinal features of bronchial asthma.
Allen, CG, Turbitt, E, Smit, AK, Passero, LE, Olstad, DL, Hatch, A, Landry, L & Roberts, MC 2022, 'Precision Public Health Initiatives in Cancer: Proceedings from the Transdisciplinary Conference for Future Leaders in Precision Public Health', BMC Proceedings, vol. 16, no. S4.
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Abstract Background Precision public health is an emergent field that requires transdisciplinary collaborations and leverages innovative approaches to improve population health. These opportunities have inspired a new generation of precision public health researchers. Despite burgeoning interest in precision public health, there are limited opportunities for researchers to convene and continue the momentum of this field. Methods The Transdisciplinary Conference for Future Leaders in Precision Public Health was the among the first events to bring together international researchers and practitioners to learn, network, and agenda set for the future of the field. The conference took place virtually on October 14 and 15, 2021. Results The conference spanned two days and featured a keynote address, speakers from public health disciplines who are international leaders in precision-based research, networking opportunities, a poster session, and research agenda setting activities. Conclusion The conference was a critical first step to creating a shared international conversation about precision public health, especially among early-stage investigators. This allowed attendees to continue building their individual skills and international collaborations to support the growth of the field of precision public health.
Apaydin Cirik, V, Bulut, E, Aksoy, B, Yalçin Cömert, HS & Pate, JW 2022, 'The concept of pain inventory for children: The reliability and validity study of the Turkish version', Journal of Pediatric Nursing, vol. 66, pp. 111-119.
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Archibald, AD, McClaren, BJ, Caruana, J, Tutty, E, King, EA, Halliday, JL, Best, S, Kanga-Parabia, A, Bennetts, BH, Cliffe, CC, Madelli, EO, Ho, G, Liebelt, J, Long, JC, Braithwaite, J, Kennedy, J, Massie, J, Emery, JD, McGaughran, J, Marum, JE, Boggs, K, Barlow-Stewart, K, Burnett, L, Dive, L, Freeman, L, Davis, MR, Downes, MJ, Wallis, M, Ferrie, MM, Pachter, N, Scuffham, PA, Casella, R, Allcock, RJN, Ong, R, Edwards, S, Righetti, S, Lunke, S, Lewis, S, Walker, SP, Boughtwood, TF, Hardy, T, Newson, AJ, Kirk, EP, Laing, NG & Delatycki, MB 2022, 'The Australian Reproductive Genetic Carrier Screening Project (Mackenzie’s Mission): Design and Implementation', Journal of Personalized Medicine, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 1781-1781.
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Reproductive genetic carrier screening (RGCS) provides people with information about their chance of having children with autosomal recessive or X-linked genetic conditions, enabling informed reproductive decision-making. RGCS is recommended to be offered to all couples during preconception or in early pregnancy. However, cost and a lack of awareness may prevent access. To address this, the Australian Government funded Mackenzie’s Mission—the Australian Reproductive Genetic Carrier Screening Project. Mackenzie’s Mission aims to assess the acceptability and feasibility of an easily accessible RGCS program, provided free of charge to the participant. In study Phase 1, implementation needs were mapped, and key study elements were developed. In Phase 2, RGCS is being offered by healthcare providers educated by the study team. Reproductive couples who provide consent are screened for over 1200 genes associated with >750 serious, childhood-onset genetic conditions. Those with an increased chance result are provided comprehensive genetic counseling support. Reproductive couples, recruiting healthcare providers, and study team members are also invited to complete surveys and/or interviews. In Phase 3, a mixed-methods analysis will be undertaken to assess the program outcomes, psychosocial implications and implementation considerations alongside an ongoing bioethical analysis and a health economic evaluation. Findings will inform the implementation of an ethically robust RGCS program.
Ashique, S, De Rubis, G, Sirohi, E, Mishra, N, Rihan, M, Garg, A, Reyes, R-J, Manandhar, B, Bhatt, S, Jha, NK, Singh, TG, Gupta, G, Singh, SK, Chellappan, DK, Paudel, KR, Hansbro, PM, Oliver, BG & Dua, K 2022, 'Short Chain Fatty Acids: Fundamental mediators of the gut-lung axis and their involvement in pulmonary diseases', Chemico-Biological Interactions, vol. 368, pp. 110231-110231.
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Badawi, A, Steel, Z, Harb, M, Mahoney, C & Berle, D 2022, 'Changes in intolerance of uncertainty over the course of treatment predict posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in an inpatient sample', Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 230-239.
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AbstractIntolerance of uncertainty (IU) is the inability to tolerate distress that arises in response to the absence of important information. The level of IU has been investigated across various psychological disorders; however, few studies have examined IU in trauma‐affected samples. We aimed to investigate the relationship between IU and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) across the course of treatment. Participants (n = 106) had a diagnosis of PTSD and were from first responder, military, and occupational injury backgrounds. Participants completed self‐report questionnaires pre‐ and post‐engagement in an inpatient group trauma‐informed psychoeducation and skills (TIPS) intervention. Regression analyses indicated that decreases in overall and inhibitory IU were associated with decreases in PTSD severity overall and at the symptom cluster level. However, prospective IU was only associated with changes in the re‐experiencing, avoidance, and arousal PTSD symptom clusters. Our findings are congruent with the nascent literature indicating that IU may be a maintaining factor for PTSD, suggesting clinical relevance for attendance to IU within the course of treatment.
Badawi, A, Steel, Z, Wijesinghe, N & Berle, D 2022, 'Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Influence on Stress and Early Responsiveness Outcomes for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress', Psychiatric Quarterly, vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 385-391.
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The present study investigated whether rTMS treatment for depression reduced stress and whether early responsiveness of rTMS predicted outcomes for depression, anxiety, and stress at the conclusion of treatment. Participants (n = 109) were inpatients at a psychiatric hospital referred for rTMS for depression. Linear mixed models were used to analyse data across time and regression analyses were used to assess early responsiveness. Effect sizes, and clinically significant and reliable change were also analysed. Decreases in scores for depression, anxiety, and stress were evident from pre- to mid-treatment, and from mid- to post-treatment. Large effect sizes were reported from pre- to post-treatment for depression and stress. Changes in depression from pre- to mid-treatment predicted post-treatment depression and stress scores. Clinically significant change was most common for stress and reliable change was most common for depression. Standard rTMS treatment for depression appears to have non-specific benefits in that participant anxiety and stress ratings also improve significantly. Early improvements in depressive symptoms may be indicative of later depression and stress outcomes, suggesting clinical benefit in assessing outcomes during rTMS treatment.
Baggio, S, Starcevic, V, Billieux, J, King, DL, Gainsbury, SM, Eslick, GD & Berle, D 2022, 'Testing the spectrum hypothesis of problematic online behaviors: A network analysis approach', Addictive Behaviors, vol. 135, pp. 107451-107451.
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Bailey, B, Bryant, L & Hemsley, B 2022, 'Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality for Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Communication Disability and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: a Systematic Review', Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 160-183.
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Baker, C, Foster, AM, D’Souza, S, Godecke, E, Shiggins, C, Lamborn, E, Lanyon, L, Kneebone, I & Rose, ML 2022, 'Management of communication disability in the first 90 days after stroke: a scoping review', Disability and Rehabilitation, vol. 44, no. 26, pp. 8524-8538.
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INTRODUCTION: People with communication disability after stroke need interventions to optimise healthcare communication and rehabilitation outcomes. Current evidence syntheses do not adequately inform the management of communication disability during the first 90 days post-stroke. PURPOSE: To explore the scope of literature for the management of communication disability in the first 90 days after stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A scoping review was conducted using a systematic keyword search of six databases. A descriptive synthesis was generated using communication-related domains related to the biopsychosocial framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). RESULTS: A total of 129 studies met eligibility criteria. Aphasia was the most frequently addressed communication disability after stroke (76/129 studies) with a paucity of evidence investigating other acquired neurogenic communication impairments. Management predominantly focused on communication-related: body functions and structures (62 studies) (e.g., linguistic-behavioural therapies), followed by environmental factors (39 studies) (e.g., communication partner training/support); activities and participation (15 studies) (e.g., augmentative and alternative communication); and personal factors (13 studies) (e.g., assessment of depression after aphasia). CONCLUSION: A coordinated, integrated approach to developing and testing acute and subacute interventions for all communication disabilities across all communication-related domains is required.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONInterdisciplinary stroke clinicians need to manage communication disabilities in the first 90 days after stroke to optimise healthcare communication and rehabilitation outcomes.There is some evidence to guide clinicians in aphasia management but less in other disabilities of speech and cognitive functioning.Most interventions to inform clinical practice address communication-related b...
Barnden, R, Cadilhac, DA, Lannin, NA, Kneebone, I, Hersh, D, Godecke, E, Stolwyk, R, Purvis, T, Nicks, R, Farquhar, M, Gleeson, S, Gore, C, Herrmann, K & Andrew, NE 2022, 'Development and field testing of a standardised goal setting package for person-centred discharge care planning in stroke', PEC Innovation, vol. 1, pp. 100008-100008.
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Bastani Viarsagh, S, Zhang, ME, Shariflou, S, Agar, A & Golzan, SM 2022, 'Cognitive Performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test and Retinal Structural and Functional Measures in Glaucoma', Journal of Clinical Medicine, vol. 11, no. 17, pp. 5097-5097.
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Background: Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness, is classified as a neurodegenerative disease, and its incidence increases with age. Pathophysiological changes, such as the deposition of amyloid-beta plaques in the retinal ganglion cell layer, as well as neuropsychological changes, including cognitive decline, have been reported in glaucoma. However, the association between cognitive ability and retinal functional and structural measures in glaucoma, particularly glaucoma subtypes, has not been studied. We studied the association between cognitive ability and the visual field reliability indices as well as the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) count estimates in a cohort of glaucoma patients. Methods: A total of 95 eyes from 61 glaucoma patients were included. From these, 20 were normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), 25 were primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and 16 were glaucoma suspects. All the participants had a computerised Humphrey visual field (HVF) assessment and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan and were administered the written Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. RGC count estimates were derived based on established formulas using the HVF and OCT results. A MoCA cut-off score of 25 and less was designated as cognitive impairment. Student’s t-test was used to assess differences between the groups. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the association between MoCA scores and retinal structural and functional measures. Results: Significant associations were found between MoCA scores and the false-negative and pattern standard deviation indices recorded on the HVF (r = −0.19, r = −0.22, p < 0.05). The mean IOP was significantly lower in the cognitively impaired group (i.e., MOCA ≤ 25) (13.7 ± 3.6 vs. 15.7 ± 4.5, p < 0.05). No significant association was found between RGC count estimates and MoCA scores. Analysis of these parameters in individual glaucoma subtypes did not reveal any group-specific s...
Bell, J, Chua, A, Eccles, R, Salvi, S, Schellack, N & Wang, DY 2022, 'Early intervention in acute upper respiratory tract infections', SA Pharmaceutical Journal, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 30-33.
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Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are one of the most common diagnoses in the primary care setting across the world,1 with more than 18.8 billion cases2 occurring worldwide every year. Most adults will have 2–4 episodes of acute URTI each year, while children have an average of 6–10 episodes.3-6
Most URTIs are of short duration and with mild symptoms, but some can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia, rhinosinusitis, otitis media, and exacerbation of asthma and COPD among high-risk individuals. It not only affects an individual’s health, but also his/her social life, sleep, school, and/or work performance representing an important burden to society. However, for most URTIs neither cure nor wide-scale prevention through immunisation is yet available – so appropriate treatment requires early intervention. During the pandemic of an acute URTI, early intervention is even more important to prevent viral transmission and infection in susceptible or at-risk populations.
The consensus collated in this paper is an important step to help everyone better understand the impact of URTI and the definition, benefits, and impact of early intervention. This would go a long way towards its advocacy among healthcare professionals as well as the public.
Best, MC, Butow, P, Savard, J, Jacobs, C, Bartley, N, Davies, G, Napier, CE, Ballinger, ML, Thomas, DM, Biesecker, B, Tucker, KM, Juraskova, I, Meiser, B, Schlub, T & Newson, AJ 2022, 'Preferences for return of germline genome sequencing results for cancer patients and their genetic relatives in a research setting', European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 930-937.
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AbstractGermline genome sequencing (GS) holds great promise for cancer prevention by identifying cancer risk and guiding prevention strategies, however research evidence is mixed regarding patient preferences for receiving GS results. The aim of this study was to discern preferences for return of results by cancer patients who have actually undergone GS. We conducted a mixed methods study with a cohort of cancer probands (n = 335) and their genetic relatives (n = 199) undergoing GS in a research setting. Both groups completed surveys when giving consent. A subset of participants (n = 40) completed semi-structured interviews. A significantly higher percentage of probands thought people would like to be informed about genetic conditions for which there is prevention or treatment that can change cancer risk compared to conditions for which there is no prevention or treatment (93% [311] versus 65% [216]; p < 0.001). Similar results were obtained for relatives (91% [180] versus 61% [121]; p < 0.001). Themes identified in the analysis of interviews were: (1) Recognised benefits of GS, (2) Balancing benefits with risks, (3) Uncertain results are perceived as unhelpful and (4) Competing obligations. While utility was an important discriminator in what was seen as valuable for this cohort, there was a variety of responses. In view of varied participant preferences regarding return of results, it is important to ensure patient understanding of test validity and identify individual choices at the time of consent to GS. The nature and value of the information, and a contextual understanding of researcher obligations should guide result return.
Binasis, T, Groves, D, Wootton, BM & Moses, K 2022, 'Psychometric properties of the DSM‐5 social anxiety disorder dimensional scale in an Australian community sample', Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 78, no. 5, pp. 938-950.
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AbstractObjectiveThe Social Anxiety Disorder Dimensional Scale (SAD‐D) is a 10‐item scale developed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (Fifth Edition) Anxiety, Obsessive‐Compulsive Spectrum, Posttraumatic, and Dissociative Disorder work group to supplement current dichotomous approaches to assessment of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the SAD‐D in an Australian community sample.MethodsTwo‐hundred and ninety‐one participants (72.9% female) aged 18‐76 years (M =28.46; SD = 12.30) completed the study.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis indicated support for the unidimensional structure of the SAD‐D (root mean square error of approximation [RMSE] = 0.08; comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.97). The measure demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = 0.94), as well as good divergent validity. The SAD‐D showed excellent test‐retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.93).ConclusionsOverall, the SAD‐D appears to be a brief and reliable measure of SAD symptomatology. Limitations, including the use of a predominantly female convenience sample, and failure to include the mental health and background of the sample, are discussed.
Boyce, MJ, McCambridge, AB, Bradnam, LV, Canning, CG & Verhagen, AP 2022, 'The barriers and facilitators to satisfaction with botulinum neurotoxin treatment in people with cervical dystonia: a systematic review', Neurological Sciences, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 4663-4670.
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Abstract Background Cervical dystonia (CD) is an isolated, focal, idiopathic dystonia affecting the neck and upper back. CD is usually treated by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections into the dystonic muscles; however, about 20% of people will discontinue BoNT therapy. This systematic review aimed to determine the barriers to satisfaction and facilitators that could improve satisfaction with BoNT therapy for people with CD. Methods A database search for journal articles investigating satisfaction with BoNT treatment in CD identified seven qualitative studies and one randomised controlled trial. Results were grouped into “direct” and “indirect” barriers and facilitators. Results The most reported direct barrier to satisfaction with BoNT was treatment non-response, reported by up to 66% of participants. Other direct barriers included negative side effects, early wearing-off of treatment effect and inexperience of the treating physician. Indirect barriers included limited accessibility to treatment (including cost) and personal choice. Direct facilitators of satisfaction with BoNT included relief of symptoms and flexible re-treatment intervals. Indirect facilitators included easy accessibility to treatment. Conclusions Despite BoNT having a discontinuation rate of only 20%, it appears a much greater proportion of people with CD are dissatisfied with this treatment. As BoNT is currently the main treatment offered to people with CD, efforts to improve treatment response rates, reduce side effects and make treatment more flexible and ...
Brown, L, Wilson, L, Packman, A, Halaki, M, Andrews, C, O’Brian, S, Onslow, M & Menzies, RG 2022, 'Conversational speech of school-age children after syllable-timed speech treatment for stuttering', International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 42-52.
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Purpose: The purpose of this laboratory study was to investigate whether rhythmic speech was primarily responsible for stuttering reductions in four school-aged children after the instatement stage of the Westmead Program of syllable-timed speech (STS) intervention. The study was designed to inform further development of the program. Reduction in variability of vowel duration is a marker of STS, and it was predicted that this would be present in the children's conversational speech after Stage 1 of the program if they were using STS. To strengthen such a finding, it was also predicted that there would be no reduction in articulation rate, sentence complexity, and utterance length after treatment, as there is evidence that reductions in these can reduce stuttering. Perceptual judgments of speech quality after treatment were also made by independent listeners.Method: Participants were four children, ages 8-11 years, who completed Stage 1 of an STS program and whose stuttering had reduced significantly. Pre-treatment (PRE) and post-treatment (POST) within-clinic audio-visual recordings of conversational speech were analysed for percentage of syllables stuttered, variability of vowel duration, articulation rate, and length and complexity of utterance. Four blinded listeners made perceptual judgments of speech quality in the POST recordings.Result: Recordings of all children showed that variability of vowel duration clearly reduced from the PRE to POST speech samples. Importantly, articulation rate and language use were not compromised. Some possible indicators of rhythmicity were identified in one child in the perceptual study.Conclusion: The findings suggest that STS was primarily responsible for the clinically significant reductions in stuttering after Stage 1 of the program. There is an urgent need for more evidence-based interventions for stuttering in this age group and further development of STS interventions is warranted.
Brown, RJ, Burton, AL & Abbott, MJ 2022, 'The relationship between distress tolerance and symptoms of depression: Validation of the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) and short‐form (DTS‐SF)', Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 78, no. 12, pp. 2609-2630.
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AbstractObjective: Distress tolerance (DT) has been found to be implicated in the development and maintenance of depressive symptomatology and various other significant psychological conditions. As such, it is critical to have measures of DT that are effective and easy to administer. This study aimed to examine the factor structure, psychometric properties, and clinical utility of the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) and the short‐form version, the Distress Tolerance Scale Short‐form (DTS‐SF), in a large population of individuals with varying levels of self‐reported depressive symptoms. Method: A total of 959 participants completed an online battery of questionnaires which included an assessment of depressive symptoms as well as the DTS and related measures. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses validated the four‐factor structure of the DTS and the one‐factor structure of the DTS‐SF. Good construct validity and good internal consistency were observed across both the DTS and DTS‐SF. Conclusion: Overall, this paper provides new evidence for the validity, reliability and discriminative ability of the DTS and the brief version of the questionnaire, the DTS‐SF.
Brunner, M, Bryant, L, Turnbull, H & Hemsley, B 2022, 'Developing and sustaining a social media ecosystem in speech-language pathology: Using innovative qualitative methods to visualise and cultivate a social media garden', International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 558-569.
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Purpose: Qualitative research methods, grounded in an inductive analytic paradigm, increasingly inform clinical practice in the field of speech-language pathology. Social media research, often including qualitative methods, provides a valuable way to connect and listen to the voices of people with communication disabilities. With growing empirical evidence on the ways that people with communication disabilities use social media, and recognition of both benefits and limitations of its use, it is important to consider what will support clinicians to translate this work conceptually and safely into clinical practice.Method: In this paper, we use the tools of metaphor and arts-based knowledge translation to promote the translation of evidence into social media practice.Results: With social media being an important ecosystem to grow and nurture in speech-language pathology, a 'picturing a social media garden' metaphor is proposed to further research translation. The metaphor will be used to frame strategies for applying qualitative techniques for speech-language pathologists to consider how to use social media in clinical and professional practice, as well as citing supporting literature to guide further reading.Conclusion: The suggested approaches could augment existing methods of assessment and intervention for people with communication disabilities and provide support for clinicians who want to develop their own strategy for using social media, build a vibrant social media ecosystem, and integrate social media interventions into their clinical services.
Bui, NH, Cruickshank, M, McAloon, J & Maguire, J 2022, 'Handheld Devices: The Barrier for Parents with Mental Health Difficulties in Child Outcomes', Journal of Child and Family Studies, vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 2027-2038.
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Bulsara, SM, Sansom-Daly, UM, Begley, K, Forsythe, L, Livermore, N & Riashi, M 2022, 'Navigating the scientist-practitioner continuum: strategies to enhance Australian psychologists’ capacity to be research leaders', Australian Psychologist, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 1-7.
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Burnell, M, Gaba, F, Sobocan, M, Desai, R, Sanderson, S, Loggenberg, K, Gessler, S, Side, L, Brady, AF, Dorkins, H, Wallis, Y, Jacobs, C, Legood, R, Beller, U, Tomlinson, I, Wardle, J, Menon, U, Jacobs, I & Manchanda, R 2022, 'Randomised trial of population‐based BRCA testing in Ashkenazi Jews: long‐term secondary lifestyle behavioural outcomes', BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, vol. 129, no. 12, pp. 1970-1980.
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AbstractObjectiveAshkenazi‐Jewish (AJ) population‐based BRCA testing is acceptable, cost‐effective and amplifies primary prevention for breast & ovarian cancer. However, data describing lifestyle impact are lacking. We report long‐term results of population‐based BRCA testing on lifestyle behaviour and cancer risk perception.DesignTwo‐arm randomised controlled trials (ISRCTN73338115, GCaPPS): (a) population‐screening (PS); (b) family history (FH)/clinical criteria testing.SettingNorth London AJ‐population.Population/SampleAJ women/men >18 years. Exclusions: prior BRCA testing or first‐degree relatives of BRCA‐carriers.MethodsParticipants were recruited through self‐referral. All participants received informed pre‐test genetic counselling. The intervention included genetic testing for three AJ BRCA‐mutations: 185delAG(c.68_69delAG), 5382insC(c.5266dupC) and 6174delT(c.5946delT). This was undertaken for all participants in the PS arm and participants fulfilling FH/clinical criteria in the FH arm. Patients filled out customised/validated questionnaires at baseline/1‐year/2‐year/3‐year follow‐ups. Generalised linear‐mixed models adjusted for covariates and appropriate contrast tests were used for between‐group/within‐group analysis of lifestyle and behavioural outcomes along with evaluating factors associated with these outcomes. Outcomes are adjusted for multiple testing (Bonferroni method), with P < 0.0039 considered significant.Ou...
Burton, AL, Brown, R & Abbott, MJ 2022, 'Overcoming difficulties in measuring emotional regulation: Assessing and comparing the psychometric properties of the DERS long and short forms', Cogent Psychology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-17.
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Difficulties with emotion regulation have been found to be implicated in the development and maintenance of depression and symptoms of low mood, as well as various other significant psychological conditions including mood disorders, anxiety disorders and personality disorders. Thus, it is important to have valid and reliable measures of difficulties with emotional regulation that are easy to administer and interpret. There are presently four available measures for this construct: the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and the three short-form versions, the DERS-16, the DERS-18 and the DERS-SF. There remains inconsistency in the literature about which short-form version of the DERS is best. The present study aimed to extend the literature by examining and comparing the psychometric properties and clinical utility of the well-known self-report measure the DERS, and the three short-form versions, the DERS-16, the DERS-18 and the DERS-SF, in a large convenience sample. A sample of 1049 first-year university students completed an online test battery of self-report questionnaires and a series of questions regarding demographic information. The DERS and the three short-form versions demonstrated good construct validity, good internal consistency, and good discriminative ability. The mean scores and standard deviations of the DERS subscales and DERS short-forms organized by depressive symptom severity are presented. Overall, this paper provides new evidence of the validity and clinical utility of the four versions of the DERS.
Burton, AL, Hamilton, B, Iorfino, F, La Monica, HM, Scott, EM & Hickie, IB 2022, 'Examining the prevalence of disordered eating in a cohort of young Australians presenting for mental health care at a headspace centre: results from a cross-sectional clinical survey study', BMJ Open, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. e061734-e061734.
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ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of disordered eating in young people attending a headspace centre, an enhanced primary care centre providing early intervention services for mental health disorders for young people aged 12–25 years, in metropolitan Sydney.DesignCross-sectional assessment of disordered eating symptoms and behaviours.SettingAn enhanced primary care youth mental health service in inner urban Sydney, Australia.ParticipantsA sequential cohort of 530 young people aged 14–26 years presenting to headspace Camperdown for support with mental health concerns.Outcome measuresParticipants completed a series of questionnaires online which included items assessing the presence of eating disorder symptoms and behaviours.ResultsOver one-third of young people aged 14–26 years presenting to headspace Camperdown in a 22-month period reported symptoms of disordered eating. Of these, 32% endorsed overeating behaviours, 25% endorsed dietary restriction and 8% reported purging behaviours. In total, 44% reported engaging in one of more of these behaviours on a regular basis. Almost half reported experiencing significant shape and weight concerns. Eating disorder behaviours were particularly prevalent among female and gender-diverse participants (48% of females and 46% of gender-diverse participants compared with 35% of males) and overall scores across all of the eating disorder and body image items assessed were significantly higher for female participants compared with males.ConclusionsDisordered eating behaviours an...
Cadilhac, DA, Cameron, J, Kilkenny, MF, Andrew, NE, Harris, D, Ellery, F, Thrift, AG, Purvis, T, Kneebone, I, Dewey, H, Drummond, A, Hackett, M, Grimley, R, Middleton, S, Thijs, V, Cloud, G, Carey, M, Butler, E, Ma, H, Churilov, L, Hankey, GJ, English, C & Lannin, NA 2022, 'Protocol of a randomized controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of Recovery-focused Community support to Avoid readmissions and improve Participation after Stroke (ReCAPS)', International Journal of Stroke, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 236-241.
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Rationale To address unmet needs, electronic messages to support person-centered goal attainment and secondary prevention may avoid hospital presentations/readmissions after stroke, but evidence is limited. Hypothesis Compared to control participants, there will be a 10% lower proportion of intervention participants who represent to hospital (emergency/admission) within 90 days of randomization. Methods and design Multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial with intention-to-treat analysis. The intervention group receives 12 weeks of personalized, goal-centered, and administrative electronic messages, while the control group only receive administrative messages. The trial includes a process evaluation, assessment of treatment fidelity, and an economic evaluation. Participants: Confirmed stroke (modified Rankin Score: 0-4), aged ≥18 years with internet/mobile phone access, discharged directly home from hospital. Randomization: 1:1 computer-generated, stratified by age and baseline disability. Outcomes assessments: Collected at 90 days and 12 months following randomization. Outcomes Primary outcomes include hospital emergency presentations/admissions within 90 days of randomization. Secondary outcomes include goal attainment, self-efficacy, mood, unmet needs, disability, quality-of-life, recurrent stroke/cardiovascular events/deaths at 90 days and 12 months, and death and cost-effectiveness at 12 months. Sample size: To test our primary hypothesis, we estimated a sample size of 890 participants (445 per group) with 80% power and two-tailed significance threshold of α = 0.05. Given uncertainty for the effect size of this novel intervention, the sample size will be adaptively re-estimated when outcomes for n = 668 are ...
Cameron, J, Lannin, NA, Harris, D, Andrew, NE, Kilkenny, MF, Purvis, T, Thrift, AG, Thayabaranathan, T, Ellery, F, Sookram, G, Hackett, M, Kneebone, I, Drummond, A, Cadilhac, DA, Cadilhac, D, Lannin, N, Dewey, H, Kilkenny, M, Andrew, N, Cameron, J, Thrift, A, Levi, C, Carey, M, Cloud, G, Grimley, R, Middleton, S, Thijs, V, Aslett, T, Li, J, Butler, E, Ma, H, Coulton, B, Lagma, K, Matanas, M, Danton, R, Bonanno, N, Thomas, G, Pachini, N, Liu, J, Thrift, A, Kilkenny, M, Li, J, Barnden, R, Elston, A, Hankey, G, Churilov, L, Donnan, G, English, C, Coleman, L, Cameron, J, Schadewaldt, V, Withiel, T, Aslett, T, Horton, E, Booth, B & Dempsey, I 2022, 'A mixed-methods feasibility study of a new digital health support package for people after stroke: the Recovery-focused Community support to Avoid readmissions and improve Participation after Stroke (ReCAPS) intervention', Pilot and Feasibility Studies, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1-13.
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Abstract Background Evidence for digital health programmes to support people living with stroke is growing. We assessed the feasibility of a protocol and procedures for the Recovery-focused Community support to Avoid readmissions and improve Participation after Stroke (ReCAPS) trial. Methods We conducted a mixed-method feasibility study. Participants with acute stroke were recruited from three hospitals (Melbourne, Australia). Eligibility: Adults with stroke discharged from hospital to home within 10 days, modified Rankin Score 0–4 and prior use of Short Message System (SMS)/email. While in hospital, recruited participants contributed to structured person-centred goal setting and completed baseline surveys including self-management skills and health-related quality of life. Participants were randomised 7–14 days after discharge via REDCap® (1:1 allocation). Following randomisation, the intervention group received a 12-week programme of personalised electronic support messages (average 66 messages sent by SMS or email) aligned with their goals. The control group received six electronic administrative messages. Feasibility outcomes included the following: number of patients screened and recruited, study retainment, completion of outcome measures and acceptability of the ReCAPS intervention and trial procedures (e.g. participant satisfaction survey, clinician interviews). Protocol fidelity outcomes included number of goals developed (and quality), electronic messages delivered, stop messages received and engagement with messages. We undertook inductive thematic analysis of interview/open-text survey data and descripti...
Carbonell-Duacastella, C, Rubio-Valera, M, Marqués-Ercilla, S, Peñarrubia-María, MT, Gil-Girbau, M, Garcia-Cardenas, V, Pasarín, MI, Parody-Rúa, E & Aznar-Lou, I 2022, 'Pediatric Medication Noninitiation in Spain', Pediatrics, vol. 149, no. 1.
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OBJECTIVES To estimate medication noninitiation prevalence in the pediatric population and identify the explanatory factors underlying this behavior. METHODS Observational study of patients (<18 years old) receiving at least 1 new prescription (28 pharmaceutical subgroups; July 2017 to June 2018) in Catalonia, Spain. A prescription was considered new when there was no prescription for the same pharmaceutical subgroup in the previous 6 months. Noninitiation occurred when a prescription was not filled within 1 month or 6 months (sensitivity analysis). Prevalence was estimated as the proportion of total prescriptions not initiated. To identify explanatory factors, a multivariable multilevel logistic regression model was used, and adjusted odds ratios were reported. RESULTS Overall, 1 539 003 new prescriptions were issued to 715 895 children. The overall prevalence of 1-month noninitiation was 9.0% (ranging from 2.6% [oral antibiotics] to 21.5% [proton pump inhibitors]), and the prevalence of 6-month noninitiation was 8.5%. Noninitiation was higher in the youngest and oldest population groups, in children from families with a 0% copayment rate (vulnerable populations) and those with conditions from external causes. Out-of-pocket costs of drugs increased the odds of noninitiation. The odds of noninitiation were lower when the prescription was issued by a pediatrician (compared with a primary or secondary care clinician). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of noninitiation of medical treatments i...
Caruana, N & Seymour, K 2022, 'Objects that induce face pareidolia are prioritized by the visual system', British Journal of Psychology, vol. 113, no. 2, pp. 496-507.
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AbstractThe human visual system has evolved specialized neural mechanisms to rapidly detect faces. Its broad tuning for facial features is thought to underlie the illusory perception of faces in inanimate objects, a phenomenon called face pareidolia. Recent studies on face pareidolia suggest that the mechanisms underlying face processing, at least at the early stages of visual encoding, may treat objects that resemble faces as real faces; prioritizing their detection. In our study, we used breaking continuous flash suppression (b‐CFS) to examine whether the human visual system prioritizes the detection of objects that induce face pareidolia over stimuli matched for object content. Similar to previous b‐CFS results using real face stimuli, we found that participants detected the objects with pareidolia faces faster than object‐matched control stimuli. Given that face pareidolia has been more frequently reported amongst individuals prone to hallucinations, we also explored whether this rapid prioritization is intact in individuals with schizophrenia, and found evidence suggesting that it was. Our findings suggest that face pareidolia engages a broadly tuned mechanism that facilitates rapid face detection. This may involve the proposed fast subcortical pathway that operates outside of visual awareness.
Chan, Y, Singh, SK, Gulati, M, Wadhwa, S, Prasher, P, Kumar, D, Kumar, AP, Gupta, G, Kuppusamy, G, Haghi, M, George Oliver, BG, Adams, J, Chellappan, DK & Dua, K 2022, 'Advances and applications of monoolein as a novel nanomaterial in mitigating chronic lung diseases', Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, vol. 74, pp. 103541-103541.
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Chronic lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and the recently emerged COVID-19, are a huge threat to human health, and among the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality every year. Despite availability of various conventional therapeutics, many patients remain poorly controlled and have a poor quality of life. Furthermore, the treatment and diagnosis of these diseases are becoming increasingly challenging. In the recent years, the application of nanomedicine has become increasingly popular as a novel strategy for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, as well as follow-up of chronic lung diseases. This is attributed to the ability of nanoscale drug carriers to achieve targeted delivery of therapeutic moieties with specificity to diseased site within the lung, thereby enhancing therapeutic outcomes of conventional therapies whilst minimizing the risks of adverse reactions. For this instance, monoolein is a polar lipid nanomaterial best known for its versatility, thermodynamic stability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. As such, it is commonly employed in liquid crystalline systems for various drug delivery applications. In this review, we present the applications of monoolein as a novel nanomaterial-based strategy for targeted drug delivery with the potential to revolutionize therapeutic approaches in chronic lung diseases.
Charters, E, Bogaardt, H, Clark, J, Milross, C, Freeman‐Sanderson, A, Ballard, K, Britton, R, McCabe, N, Davis, H, Sullivan, T & Wu, R 2022, 'Functional swallowing outcomes related to radiation exposure to dysphagia and aspiration‐related structures in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing definitive and postoperative intensity‐modulated radiotherapy', Head & Neck, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 399-411.
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AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between swallowing outcomes and radiotherapy dose to dysphagia and aspiration‐related structures (DARS) may be different following definitive versus postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) for mucosal head and neck cancer (HNC) and has not been well‐studied.MethodPatient‐ and clinician‐reported swallowing measures were prospectively collected at six time points from baseline to 24 months postradiotherapy HNC. Radiotherapy plans were retrospectively analyzed to assess dose delivered to DARS. The association between swallowing outcomes and participant demographics, tumor characteristics, and radiotherapy dose in definitive and postoperative treatment cohorts was assessed.ResultsNinety‐three participants who received radiotherapy for HNC were included in the analysis (n = 49 definitive radiotherapy for laryngeal/pharyngeal primary tumors and n = 44 postoperative PORT for predominantly oral cavity/salivary gland tumors). Participants undergoing PORT had lower doses to DARS than those undergoing definitive RT. High dose to the pharyngeal constrictors and base of tongue for definitive RT and the esophageal inlet, supraglottic larynx and cervical esophagus for the PORT group were associated with worse swallowing function.ConclusionRadiation dose to DARS is associated with post‐treatment swallowing outcomes. These dose/outcome relationships may vary between the definitive and postoperative settings.
Charters, E, Bogaardt, H, Freeman-Sanderson, A, Ballard, K, Davies, S, Oates, J & Clark, J 2022, 'Swallowing and communication outcomes following primary transoral robotic surgery for advanced or recurrent oropharyngeal cancer: Case series', International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 407-416.
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Chawla, S, Menzies, RE & Menzies, RG 2022, 'Existential concerns in OCD with aggressive and sexual obsessions', Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, vol. 32, pp. 100710-100710.
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Previous research has highlighted the potential role of existential concerns (ECs) in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). However, empirical research has thus far only demonstrated the role of one existential issue in this disorder: namely, death anxiety. The present study explored the relationships between OCD symptoms and five ECs: Death anxiety, meaninglessness, isolation, identity, and guilt. In particular, the associations between these concerns and sexual and aggressive obsessions were examined. The sample consisted of 48 treatment-seeking individuals diagnosed with OCD. The results revealed that the five ECs were significantly associated with overall OCD severity. In addition, as hypothesised, death anxiety was significantly associated with aggressive obsessions, but not with sexual obsessions. Further, the ECs of identity, meaninglessness, and guilt were uniquely associated with sexual obsessions. The majority of these relationships remained significant after controlling for neuroticism. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Chellappan, DK, Paudel, KR, Tan, NW, Cheong, KS, Khoo, SSQ, Seow, SM, Chellian, J, Candasamy, M, Patel, VK, Arora, P, Singh, PK, Singh, SK, Gupta, G, Oliver, BG, Hansbro, PM & Dua, K 2022, 'Targeting the mitochondria in chronic respiratory diseases', Mitochondrion, vol. 67, pp. 15-37.
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Chen, S & Hodge, C 2022, 'Comment on: ‘Acute macular neuroretinopathy following COVID-19 vaccination’', Eye, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 1513-1514.
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Chen, SD & Hodge, C 2022, 'Response to “Bilateral Retinal Detachments in a Healthy 22-Year-Old Woman After Moderna SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination”R', The Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 423-424.
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Cheng, BBY, Ryan, B, Copland, DA & Wallace, SJ 2022, 'Prognostication in post-stroke aphasia: speech pathologists’ clinical insights on formulating and delivering information about recovery', Disability and Rehabilitation, vol. 44, no. 18, pp. 5046-5059.
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PURPOSE: For people with post-stroke aphasia, 'Will I get better?' is a question often asked, but one that is intellectually and emotionally demanding for speech pathologists to answer. Speech pathologists' formulation and delivery of aphasia prognoses is varied and there is limited evidence for optimising practice. We aimed to understand speech pathologists' clinical experiences, reasoning, and support needs in aphasia prognostication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five Australian speech pathologists working with people with aphasia participated in individual, semi-structured interviews. Their age, level of experience, work setting, and location were maximally varied. Interview responses were analysed qualitatively using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Five themes were drawn from the interviews: (1) prognostic challenges are shared but not voiced; (2) truth is there's no quick fix; (3) recovery is more than words; (4) the power of words; and, (5) prognostic competence is implicit. CONCLUSIONS: Speech pathologists use implicit competencies to formulate and deliver aphasia prognoses. A patient-centred, holistic contextualisation of aphasia recovery may enable realistic, optimistic, and constructive conversations about prognosis. These conversations may have therapeutic potential if prognostic uncertainty, emotional adjustment, and conditional outcomes are carefully addressed. Future research should seek to understand the perceptions and preferences of people with aphasia and their significant others.Implications for RehabilitationAphasia prognostication in clinical practice is complex and nuanced, thus increased clinical and research focus is warranted to ensure key stakeholder needs are met.Conversations about prognosis may be more meaningful to people with aphasia if recovery is conceptualised as encompassing impairment, activity, and participation outcomes.Given the implicit competencies required for prognostication, a structured approach to reflective pr...
Cheng, BBY, Ryan, BJ, Copland, DA & Wallace, SJ 2022, 'Prognostication in Poststroke Aphasia: Perspectives of Significant Others of People With Aphasia on Receiving Information About Recovery', American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 896-911.
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Purpose:Knowing what to expect poststroke is important for many significant others of people with aphasia, yet an understanding of their perceptions and preferences in receiving prognostic information is limited. This knowledge is needed to inform the formulation and delivery of aphasia prognoses as conversations about prognosis can be harmful or helpful depending on their alignment with key stakeholder perspectives. Our preliminary study sought insight into the perspectives of significant others of people with aphasia on receiving prognostic information, with an aim toward informing evidence-based practice in aphasia prognostication.Method:We interviewed seven significant others of people with aphasia, 3–12 months poststroke. The interviews were semistructured, conducted one-to-one, and analyzed qualitatively using reflexive thematic analysis.Results:Five themes were drawn from the interviews: (a) You don't know what you don't know. (b) Having them alive is the best you can ask for. (c) Recovery in the eye of the beholder. (d) Outcomes don't matter unless they help me help them. (e) It's my prognosis too if I'm living with aphasia.Conclusions:A significant other's prognosis-related perceptions and preferences are products of their poststroke reality and may inadvertently shape that of the person with aphasia. In order to facilitate recovery, prognostication practices need to consider the needs of significant others both as providers of care and as requiring care themselves for their first-hand experiences of third-party disability.
Chisholm, AK, Haebich, KM, Pride, NA, Walsh, KS, Lami, F, Ure, A, Maloof, T, Brignell, A, Rouel, M, Granader, Y, Maier, A, Barton, B, Darke, H, Dabscheck, G, Anderson, VA, Williams, K, North, KN & Payne, JM 2022, 'Delineating the autistic phenotype in children with neurofibromatosis type 1', Molecular Autism, vol. 13, no. 1.
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Abstract Background Existing research has demonstrated elevated autistic behaviours in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), but the autistic phenotype and its relationship to other neurodevelopmental manifestations of NF1 remains unclear. To address this gap, we performed detailed characterisation of autistic behaviours in children with NF1 and investigated their association with other common NF1 child characteristics. Methods Participants were drawn from a larger cross-sectional study examining autism in children with NF1. The population analysed in this study scored above threshold on the Social Responsiveness Scale-Second Edition (T-score ≥ 60; 51% larger cohort) and completed the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and/or the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2). All participants underwent evaluation of their intellectual function, and behavioural data were collected via parent questionnaires. Results The study cohort comprised 68 children (3–15 years). Sixty-three per cent met the ADOS-2 ‘autism spectrum’ cut-off, and 34% exceeded the more stringent threshold for ‘autistic disorder’ on the ADI-R. Social communication symptoms were common and wide-ranging, while restricted and repetitive behaviours (RRBs) were most commonly characterised by ‘insistence on sameness’ (IS) behaviours such as circumscribed interests and difficulties with minor changes. Autistic behaviours were weakly correlated with hyperactive/impulsive attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms but not with inattentive ADHD or other behavioural characteristics. Language and verbal IQ were weakly related to social c...
Choy, WJ, Chen, L, Quel De Oliveira, C, Verhagen, AP, Damodaran, O & Anderson, DB 2022, 'Gait assessment tools for degenerative cervical myelopathy: a systematic review', Journal of Spine Surgery, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 149-162.
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Cochran, BJ, Manandhar, B & Rye, K-A 2022, 'HDL and Diabetes', pp. 119-127.
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Courtney-Harris, M, Jolly, N, Rowe, F & Rose, K 2022, 'Validation of a vision-screening tool for use by nurses and other non-eye care health practitioners on stroke survivors', Contemporary Nurse, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 276-284.
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Crippa, J, Flaherty, M & Silveira, S 2022, 'Towards a national pre‐school vision screening programme', Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 948-952.
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The aim of the study is to examine common approaches to pre‐school vision screening, including the current New South Wales model which is known as Statewide Eyesight Preschooler Screening (StEPS) to determine whether the criteria set by the World Health Organization are fulfilled by StEPS, and therefore, whether there is sufficient justification to deploy a similar model nationally. A literature review was conducted to answer four key questions related to vision screening. The authors sought to review (i) the justification for vision screening of a pre‐school population; (ii) the principles and best approaches to vision screening such as how, where and who should conduct vision screening; (iii) the conditions that are targeted in vision screening; and (iv) the acceptable pass/fail vision screening criteria. The StEPS vision screening model is an accurate, reliable and economical way of screening for reduced vision at a time when neural plasticity allows improvement in vision following intervention. It fulfils World Health Organization criteria for a successful screening programme. StEPS has very high participation rates compared to other screening methods in Australia due to its unique model whereby screeners utilise early childhood settings to recruit and screen 4‐year‐old children. Due consideration should be given to deploying the StEPS vision screening model nationally.
Crook, A & McEwen, A 2022, 'Genetic counselling and testing for neurodegenerative disorders using a proposed standard of practice for ALS/MND: diagnostic testing comes first', European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 394-395.
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Crook, A, Jacobs, C, Newton-John, T & McEwen, A 2022, 'Toward genetic counseling practice standards for diagnostic testing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia', Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, vol. 23, no. 7-8, pp. 562-574.
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Objective: Genetic counseling and diagnostic genetic testing are considered part of the multidisciplinary care of individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We aimed to investigate the ideal components of genetic counseling for ALS/FTD diagnostic testing amongst various stakeholders using an online, modified Delphi survey. Methods: Experts in genetic counseling and testing for ALS/FTD were purposively then snowball recruited and included genetic health professionals, health professionals outside of genetics and consumer experts (patients, relatives, and staff representatives from ALS/FTD support organizations). First-round items were informed by two systematic literature reviews and qualitative interviews with patients and families who had experienced diagnostic testing. Analysis of each round informed the development of the subsequent round and the final results. Results: Forty-six experts participated in the study, 95.65% completed both rounds. After round one, items were updated based on participant responses and were presented again for consensus in round two. After round two, a high level of consensus (≥80% agreement) was achieved on 16 items covering various topics related to genetic counseling service delivery, before and after diagnostic testing is facilitated. Conclusions: Genetic counseling for individuals with ALS/FTD and their families should include the provision of client-centered counseling, education and support throughout. The items developed are adaptable to varied healthcare settings and may inform a standard of genetic counseling practice for health professionals who facilitate testing and counseling discussions. This area of work is timely, given demand for testing is likely to increase as more genotype-driven clinical trials become available.
Crook, A, Jacobs, C, Newton‐John, T & McEwen, A 2022, 'Genetic counseling and diagnostic genetic testing for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and/or frontotemporal dementia: A qualitative study of client experiences', Journal of Genetic Counseling, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 1206-1218.
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AbstractGenetic counseling and diagnostic genetic testing is part of the multidisciplinary care of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, commonly called motor neurone disease, MND) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We explored client experiences of genetic counseling and diagnostic testing to inform the care of future families. Semi‐structured interviews with individuals with ALS/MND/FTD or their relatives were conducted. The study was designed to include a wide variety of participants with varying disease status and abilities. Genetic counseling and diagnostic testing experiences were explored using interpretive description methodology. Bioecological theory was used as the framework for the reflexive thematic analysis. Eighteen individuals with ALS/MND/FTD or their relatives from 13 Australian families participated. Three themes were identified: sharing knowledge, (un)supportive care, and ‘circumstance is everything’. Consistent with bioecological theory, one’s genetic counseling experience was informed by individual circumstances, time, and proximal factors. These informed the level of information and support required in the genetic counseling process. Although some client circumstances cannot be changed, efforts could be made to enhance genetic counseling experiences by improving interactions between the client and their care team. Some clients may benefit from further discussions regarding the familial implications of genetic testing, and greater support with family communication. Clients’ needs were derived from the data and will contribute to genetic counseling consensus guidelines.
Crook, A, Jacobs, C, Newton-John, T, O’Shea, R & McEwen, A 2022, 'Genetic counseling and testing practices for late-onset neurodegenerative disease: a systematic review', Journal of Neurology, vol. 269, no. 2, pp. 676-692.
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Objective
To understand contemporary genetic counseling and testing practices for late-onset neurodegenerative diseases (LONDs), and identify whether practices address the internationally accepted goals of genetic counseling: interpretation, counseling, education, and support.
Methods
Four databases were systematically searched for articles published from 2009 to 2020. Peer-reviewed research articles in English that reported research and clinical genetic counseling and testing practices for LONDs were included. A narrative synthesis was conducted to describe different practices and map genetic counseling activities to the goals. Risk of bias was assessed using the Qualsyst tool. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019121421).
Results
Sixty-one studies from 68 papers were included. Most papers focused on predictive testing (58/68) and Huntington's disease (41/68). There was variation between papers in study design, study population, outcomes, interventions, and settings. Although there were commonalities, novel and inconsistent genetic counseling practices were identified. Eighteen papers addressed all four goals of genetic counseling.
Conclusion
Contemporary genetic counseling and testing practices for LONDs are varied and informed by regional differences and the presence of different health providers. A flexible, multidisciplinary, client- and family-centered care continues to emerge. As genetic testing becomes a routine part of care for patients (and their relatives), health providers must balance their limited time and resources with ensuring clients are safely and effectively counseled, and all four genetic counseling goals are addressed. Areas of further research include diagnostic and reproductive genetic counseling/testing practices, evaluations of novel approaches to care, and the role and use of different health providers in practice.
Crook, A, Kwa, R, Ephraums, S, Wilding, M, Thiyagarajan, L, Fleming, J, Moore, K & Berman, Y 2022, 'The psychological impact and experience of breast cancer screening in young women with an increased risk of breast cancer due to neurofibromatosis type 1', Familial Cancer, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 241-253.
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Women with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have an increased risk of developing early breast cancer with a poorer prognosis compared to the general population. Therefore, international management guidelines recommend regular screening in women with NF1 starting from 30 to 35 years. As the psychological impacts of breast cancer screening in other high-risk populations cannot be extended to women with NF1, due to increased incidence of cognitive and mental health issues, the psychological harms of breast screening in women with NF1 are unknown. Consequently, the aim of this study was to assess the psychological impact of breast cancer screening in women with NF1 attending an established risk management clinic. Twenty-eight women with NF1 (30-50 years) completed psychological well-being and patient experience questionnaires, administered across five time points, before and after their initial and second round annual breast screening visits. Preliminary findings demonstrated the screening regimen was well-tolerated, with most participants reporting high satisfaction with the screening process. Overall, no significant increase in psychological distress related to the breast screening process was identified, with mean cancer worry and anxiety scores decreasing over time. However, some women did experience negative aspects of screening and barriers to re-attendance at annual breast screening appointments. As some women with NF1 exhibited clinical levels of psychological distress prior to screening, efforts to identify those at risk and additional support to address concerns and expectations throughout the breast screening process may be beneficial.
da Silva Rocha Paz, T, Reis, FJJ, Costa, LOP & Saragiotto, BT 2022, '25 years of Brazilian physical therapy postgraduate education: Where we are and where we need to go.', Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 100361-100361.
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Dann, KM, Veldre, A, Hay, P, Touyz, S & Andrews, S 2022, 'Assessing cognitive flexibility in anorexia nervosa using eye tracking: A registered report', International Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 1411-1417.
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AbstractObjectiveCognitive flexibility research in anorexia nervosa (AN) has primarily focused on group differences between clinical and control participants, but research in the general population utilizing the mixed pro‐ anti‐saccade flexibility task has demonstrated individual differences in trait anxiety are a determinant of switching performance, and switching impairments are more pronounced for keypress than saccadic (eye‐movement) responses. The aim of the current research is to explore trait anxiety and differences in saccadic and keypress responding as potential determinants of performance on flexibility tasks in AN.MethodWe will compare performance on the mixed pro‐ anti‐saccade paradigm between female adult participants with a current diagnosis of AN and matched control participants, observing both saccadic and keypress responses while controlling for trait anxiety (State ‐ Trait Anxiety Inventory) and spatial working memory (Corsi Block Tapping Test). Associations with eating disorder‐related symptoms (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire), flexibility in everyday life (Eating Disorder Flexibility Index), and the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire will also be assessed.ResultsData which controls for individual differences in trait anxiety and assesses flexibility at both the task‐ and response‐set level may be used to more accurately understand differences in performance on cognitive flexibility tasks by participants with AN.DiscussionClarifying the effects of trait anxiety on flexibility, and differences between task‐ and response‐set switching may advance our understanding of how cognitive flexibility relates to flexibility in everyday life and improve translation to therapeutic a...
Darmody, T, O’Brian, S, Rogers, K, Onslow, M, Jacobs, C, McEwen, A, Lowe, R, Packman, A & Menzies, R 2022, 'Stuttering, family history and counselling: A contemporary database', Journal of Fluency Disorders, vol. 73, pp. 105925-105925.
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Davidoff, DF, Benn, DE, Field, M, Crook, A, Robinson, BG, Tucker, K, De Abreu Lourenco, R, Burgess, JR & Clifton-Bligh, RJ 2022, 'Surveillance Improves Outcomes for Carriers of SDHB Pathogenic Variants: A Multicenter Study', The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 107, no. 5, pp. e1907-e1916.
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Abstract Context Carriers of succinate dehydrogenase type B (SDHB) pathogenic variants (PVs) are at risk of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) from a young age. It is widely recommended carriers enter a surveillance program to detect tumors, but there are limited studies addressing outcomes of surveillance protocols for SDHB PV carriers. Objective The purpose of this study was to describe surveillance-detected (s-d) tumors in SDHB PV carriers enrolled in a surveillance program and to compare their outcomes to probands. Methods This was a multicenter study of SDHB PV carriers with at least 1 surveillance episode (clinical, biochemical, imaging) in Australian genetics clinics. Data were collected by both retrospective and ongoing prospective follow-up. Median duration of follow-up was 6.0 years. Results 181 SDHB PV carriers (33 probands and 148 nonprobands) were assessed. Tumors were detected in 20% of nonprobands undergoing surveillance (age range 9-76 years). Estimated 10-year metastasis-free survival was 66% for probands and 84% for nonprobands with s-d tumors (P = .027). S-d tumors were smaller than those in probands (median 27 mm vs 45 mm respectively, P = .001). Tumor size ≥40 mm was associated with progression to metastatic disease (OR 16.9, 95% CI 2.3-187.9, P = .001). Patients with s-d tumors had lower mortality compared to probands: 10-year overall survival was 79% for probands and 100% for nonprobands (P = .029). ...
Davidson, MJ, Macdonald, JSP & Yeung, N 2022, 'Alpha oscillations and stimulus-evoked activity dissociate metacognitive reports of attention, visibility, and confidence in a rapid visual detection task', Journal of Vision, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 20-20.
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Davies, KL, Hanley, SM, Bhullar, N & Wootton, BM 2022, 'A psychometric validation of the Dysmorphic Concerns Questionnaire (DCQ) in adolescents and young adults', Australian Psychologist, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 280-289.
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Dear, BF, Scott, AJ, Fogliati, R, Gandy, M, Karin, E, Dudeney, J, Nielssen, O, McDonald, S, Heriseanu, AI, Bisby, MA, Sharpe, L, Jones, MP, Ali, S & Titov, N 2022, 'The Chronic Conditions Course: A Randomised Controlled Trial of an Internet-Delivered Transdiagnostic Psychological Intervention for People with Chronic Health Conditions', Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, vol. 91, no. 4, pp. 265-276.
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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Psychological adjustment to chronic health conditions is important, as poor adjustment predicts a range of adverse medical and psychosocial outcomes. Psychological treatments demonstrate efficacy for people with chronic health conditions, but existing research takes a disorder-specific approach and they are predominately delivered in face-to-face contexts. The internet and remotely delivered treatments have the potential to overcome barriers to accessing traditional face-to-face treatment. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The current study examined the efficacy and acceptability of an internet-delivered transdiagnostic psychological intervention to promote adjustment to illness, based on cognitive behaviour therapy principles. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In a two-arm randomised controlled trial, participants (<i>n</i> = 676) were randomly allocated to the 8-week intervention or a waitlist control. Treatment included five core lessons, homework tasks, additional resources, and weekly contact with a psychologist. Primary outcomes included depression, anxiety, and disability, assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, 3-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The treatment group reported significantly greater improvements in depression (between-groups <i>d =</i> 0.47), anxiety (<i>d</i> = 0.32), and disability (<i>d</i> = 0.17) at post-treatment (all <i>ps</i> <0.001). Improvements were sustained over the 3-month and 12-month follow-ups. High treatment completion rates (69%) and levels of satisfaction (86%) were reported by participants in treatment. The intervention required a mean clinician time of 56.70 min per participant. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The findings provide preliminary and tentative support for the potential...
Dedousis-Wallace, A, Drysdale, SAO, McAloon, J, Murrihy, RC, Greene, RW & Ollendick, TH 2022, 'Predictors and Moderators Two Treatments of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Children', Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, pp. 1-16.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine predictors and moderators of behavioral improvement in children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) following treatment with Parent Management Training (PMT) and Collaborative and Proactive Solutions (CPS). Initial problem severity, inconsistent discipline, parental attributions of child misbehavior, and child lagging cognitive skills were examined. METHOD: One hundred and forty-five children aged between 7 and 14 (103 males, M = 8.88 years, ethnicity representative of the wider Australian population) were randomly assigned to PMT and CPS. Assessment was conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and at 6-month follow-up, using independently rated semi-structured diagnostic interviews and parent-ratings of ODD symptoms. Using an intent-to-treat sample in this secondary analysis (Murrihy et al., 2022), linear regressions and PROCESS (Hayes, 2017) were used to examine these predictors and possible moderators of treatment. RESULTS: Higher pre-treatment levels of conduct problems, lagging skills, and inconsistent discipline predicted poorer behavioral outcomes following both treatments. The only characteristic that moderated treatment outcome was child-responsible attributions - mothers who were more likely to attribute their child's problematic behaviors to factors in the child had significantly poorer outcomes in PMT than CPS at 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: CPS may be a more beneficial treatment than PMT for families who have been identified as having higher levels of child-responsible attributions before commencing treatment for ODD. While tentative, this provides promising insights as to how treatment outcomes for children with ODD may be improved.
Dhanjal, DS, Sharma, P, Mehta, M, Tambuwala, MM, Prasher, P, Paudel, KR, Liu, G, Shukla, SD, Hansbro, PM, Chellappan, DK, Dua, K & Satija, S 2022, 'Concepts of advanced therapeutic delivery systems for the management of remodeling and inflammation in airway diseases', Future Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 271-288.
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Chronic respiratory disorders affect millions of people worldwide. Pathophysiological changes to the normal airway wall structure, including changes in the composition and organization of its cellular and molecular constituents, are referred to as airway remodeling. The inadequacy of effective treatment strategies and scarcity of novel therapies available for the treatment and management of chronic respiratory diseases have given rise to a serious impediment in the clinical management of such diseases. The progress made in advanced drug delivery, has offered additional advantages to fight against the emerging complications of airway remodeling. This review aims to address the gaps in current knowledge about airway remodeling, the relationships between remodeling, inflammation, clinical phenotypes and the significance of using novel drug delivery methods.
Diniz, LM, Oliveira, CB, Machado, GC, Maher, CG, Verhagen, AP, Fernandes, DAM, Franco, MR, Souza, TR & Pinto, RZ 2022, 'Effectiveness of brief patient information materials for promoting correct beliefs about imaging and inevitable consequences of low back pain: A randomised controlled trial', Clinical Rehabilitation, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 527-537.
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Objective To investigate what format for providing patient information (i.e. written summary, infographic or video animation) is most effective for promoting correct beliefs about imaging and inevitable consequences of low back pain (LBP). Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting/Patients One hundred and fifty-nine patients with non-specific LBP were recruited from outpatient physiotherapy clinics. Intervention Participants were randomised to receive patient information in one of three formats: video animation, infographic or written summary. Patients were allowed to read or watch the materials for up to 20 min. Measurements Outcome were assessed before and immediately after the intervention. The primary outcome was the Back Beliefs Questionnaire. The secondary outcome was beliefs about imaging for LBP assessed by two questions. Results All 159 patients completed the study. Our findings revealed no difference between groups for the Back Beliefs Questionnaire. Correct beliefs about imaging were more likely with the infographic than the video animation (Question 1- Odds Ratio [OR] = 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7, 8.7; Question 2- OR = 6.8, 95%CI: 2.7, 17.2) and more likely with the written summary than the video animation (Question 1- OR = 3.3, 95%CI: 1.5, 7.4; Question 2- OR = 3.7, 95%CI: 1.6, 8.5). No difference between infographic and written summary formats were reported for the questions assessing LBP imaging beliefs. Conclusion The three materials were equally effective in improving patient's general beliefs about LBP care. ...
Dive, L & Newson, AJ 2022, 'Ethically robust reproductive genetic carrier screening needs to measure outcomes that matter to patients', European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 754-755.
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Dive, L & Newson, AJ 2022, 'Reproductive carrier screening: responding to the eugenics critique', Journal of Medical Ethics, vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 1060-1067.
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Reproductive genetic carrier screening (RCS), when offered to anyone regardless of their family history or ancestry, has been subject to the critique that it is a form of eugenics. Eugenics describes a range of practices that seek to use the science of heredity to improve the genetic composition of a population group. The term is associated with a range of unethical programmes that were taken up in various countries during the 20th century. Contemporary practice in medical genetics has, understandably, distanced itself from such programmes. However, as RCS becomes more widespread, gains public funding and uses expanded gene panels, there are concerns that such programmes could be perceived as eugenic either in intent or outcome. The typical response to the eugenics critique of RCS is to emphasise the voluntary nature of both participating in screening and making subsequent reproductive choices. While safeguarding individuals’ freedom to choose in relation to screening is essential, we consider this response inadequate. By examining the specific ethical wrongs committed by eugenics in the past, we argue that to avoid the perception of RCS being a form of eugenics it is essential to attend to the broader normative context in which reproductive decisions occur. Furthermore, ethical RCS programmes must recognise and respond to their potential to shift societal norms that shape individual reproductive choices.
Dive, L, Archibald, AD & Newson, AJ 2022, 'Ethical considerations in gene selection for reproductive carrier screening', Human Genetics, vol. 141, no. 5, pp. 1003-1012.
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AbstractGenetic carrier screening for reproductive purposes has existed for half a century. It was originally offered to particular ethnic groups with a higher prevalence of certain severe recessive or X-linked genetic conditions, or (as carrier testing) to those with a family history of a particular genetic condition. Commercial providers are increasingly offering carrier screening on a user-pays basis. Some countries are also trialing or offering public reproductive genetic carrier screening with whole populations, rather than only to those known to have a higher chance of having a child with an inherited genetic condition. Such programs broaden the ethical and practical challenges that arise in clinical carrier testing. In this paper we consider three aspects of selecting genes for population reproductive genetic carrier screening panels that give rise to important ethical considerations: severity, variable penetrance and expressivity, and scalability; we also draw on three exemplar genes to illustrate the ethical issues raised: CFTR, GALT and SERPINA1. We argue that such issues are important to attend to at the point of gene selection for RGCS. These factors warrant a cautious approach to screening panel design, one that takes into account the likely value of the information generated by screening and the feasibility of implementation in large and diverse populations. Given the highly complex and uncertain nature of some genetic variants, careful consideration needs to be given to the balance between delivering potentially burdensome or harmful information, and providing valuable information to inform reproductive decisions.
Dive, L, Newson, AJ, Holmes, I, Deans, Z & MacKay, K 2022, 'Intertwined Interests in Expanded Prenatal Genetic Testing: The State’s Role in Facilitating Equitable Access', The American Journal of Bioethics, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 45-47.
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Dorstyn, D, Oxlad, M, Roberts, R, Murphy, G, Potter, E, Kneebone, I & Craig, A 2022, 'MS JobSeek: A pilot randomized controlled trial of an online peer discussion forum for job-seekers with multiple sclerosis', Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 81-91.
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BACKGROUND: Peer-facilitated interventions have been successfully used in chronic disease management. Less is known about their application in vocational rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: To pilot-test an online peer discussion forum to improve exploration of employment options in job-seekers with long-term multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: Twenty-nine persons with relapsing/progressive MS (4–27 years since diagnosis) were recruited online and randomly assigned to an 8-week discussion forum led by peers and a moderator, MS JobSeek (n = 14), or an active control group (n = 15). Forum engagement and user satisfaction were examined, as were pre-post self-evaluations of job search behaviour, efficacy, and quality of life. RESULTS: A high (43%) attrition rate was noted, although intervention completers acknowledged and valued online mentors’ guidance and expertise. Group and time effects were not significant (p < 0.05), with both MS JobSeek and control participants reporting positive (e.g., increase in job search activities) and negative (e.g., lowered self-efficacy) change. CONCLUSIONS: The pilot findings suggest that online peer support is feasible, however more can be done to promote peer-to-peer communication. Recommendations for improving forum engagement and satisfaction in a future controlled trial, including strategies to better support mentees’ individualised needs, are offered.
Dowling, G, Tiller, J, McInerney-Leo, A, Belcher, A, Haining, C, Barlow-Stewart, K, Boughtwood, T, Gleeson, P, Delatycki, MB, Winship, I, Otlowski, M, Jacobs, C, Keogh, L & Lacaze, P 2022, 'Health professionals’ views and experiences of the Australian moratorium on genetic testing and life insurance: A qualitative study', European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 1262-1268.
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AbstractAustralian life insurance companies can legally use genetic test results in underwriting, which can lead to genetic discrimination. In 2019, the Financial Services Council (Australian life insurance industry governing body) introduced a partial moratorium restricting the use of genetic testing in underwriting policies ≤ $500,000 (active 2019–2024). Health professionals (HPs), especially clinical geneticists and genetic counsellors, often discuss the implications of genetic testing with patients, and provide critical insights into the effectiveness of the moratorium. Using a sequential explanatory mixed methods design, we interviewed 23 Australian HPs, who regularly discuss genetic testing with patients and had previously completed an online survey about genetic testing and life insurance. Interviews explored views and experiences about the moratorium, and regulation, in greater depth. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Two key themes emerged from views expressed by HPs during interviews (about matters reported to or observed by them): 1) benefits of the moratorium, and 2) concerns about the moratorium. While HPs reported that the moratorium reassures some consumers, concerns include industry self-regulation, uncertainty created by the temporary time period, and the inadequacy of the moratorium’s financial limits for patients’ financial needs. Although a minority of HPs felt the current industry self-regulated moratorium is an adequate solution to genetic discrimination, the vast majority (19/23) expressed concern with industry self-regulation and most felt government regulation is required to adequately protect consumers. HPs in Australia are concerned about the adequacy of the FSC moratorium with regards to consumer protections, and suggest government regulation is required.
Dudeney, J, Sharpe, L, McDonald, S, Menzies, RE & McGuire, B 2022, 'Are psychological interventions efficacious for adults with migraine? A systematic review and meta‐analysis', Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 405-419.
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AbstractObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of psychological interventions in studies of adults with migraine, in reducing pain, and functional and psychosocial difficulties.BackgroundA recently published Cochrane Review showed no strong evidence for psychological intervention for adults with migraine. However, this review was limited by stringent inclusion criteria, potentially resulting in low power. The current review examines the stability of these findings.MethodsCENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were systematically searched from inception to July 31, 2021. Reviewers independently conducted the search and extraction process. Risk of bias was conducted, and we provide GRADE ratings of our confidence in the evidence. We included 39 randomized controlled trials in the meta‐analyses (n = 3155); 31 included data on migraine only and eight combined data from adults with migraine or tension‐type headache (TTH).ResultsIn contrast to the Cochrane Review, for studies including adults with migraine only, we found psychological interventions had a small to medium beneficial effect on improving migraine frequency, pain intensity, and disability post‐treatment, compared to controls (Cohen’s d range 0.23 to 0.33), and disability at follow‐up (d = 0.44). We found no evidence of a beneficial effect on quality‐of‐life post‐treatment, or mood at post‐treatment or follow‐up. Our sensitivity analyses on studies with mixed headache populations (migraine and combined migraine/TTH) found a similar magnitude of effects for most outcomes (d range 0.25 to 0.36), except for mood, which produced a...
Ehgoetz Martens, KA, Matar, E, Phillips, JR, Shine, JM, Grunstein, RR, Halliday, GM & Lewis, SJG 2022, 'Narrow doorways alter brain connectivity and step patterns in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder', NeuroImage: Clinical, vol. 33, pp. 102958-102958.
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BACKGROUND: Motor impairments in those with isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) significantly increases the likelihood of developing Lewy body disease (e.g. Parkinson's disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies). OBJECTIVE: This study sought to explore the prodromal process of neurodegeneration by examining the neural signature underlying motor deficits in iRBD patients. METHODS: A virtual reality (VR) gait paradigm (which has previously been shown to elicit adaptive changes in gait performance whilst navigating doorways in Parkinson's Disease - PD) was paired with fMRI to investigate whether iRBD patients demonstrated worsened motor performance and altered connectivity across frontoparietal, motor and basal ganglia networks compared to healthy controls. Forty participants (23 iRBD and 17 healthy controls) completed the virtual reality gait task whilst in the MRI scanner, and an additional cohort of 19 Early PD patients completed the behavioural virtual reality gait task. RESULTS: As predicted, iRBD patients demonstrated slower and more variable stepping compared to healthy control participants and demonstrated an exaggerated response when navigating narrow compared to wide doorways, a phenomenon characteristically seen in PD. The iRBD patients also demonstrated less BOLD signal change in the left posterior putamen and right mesencephalic locomotor region, as well as reduced functional connectivity between the frontoparietal network and the motor network, when navigating narrow versus wide doorways compared to healthy control participants. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, this study demonstrates that iRBD patients have altered task-related brain connectivity, which may represent the neural underpinnings of early motor impairments that are evident in iRBD.
Eickhoff, C, Müller, U, Seidling, HM, Lampert, A, Botermann, L, Strunz, AK & Schulz, M 2022, 'Patients’ perception on generating medication plans in an interprofessional medication management program: a mixed-methods study', Journal of Interprofessional Care, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 770-775.
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Eitivipart, AC, Arora, M, Quel de Oliveira, C, Heard, R, Middleton, JW & Davis, GM 2022, 'Assessing physical activity and health-related quality of life in individuals with spinal cord injury: a national survey in Thailand', Disability and Rehabilitation, vol. 44, no. 23, pp. 7048-7058.
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Purpose: This study sought to; (i) investigate the proportion of Thai individuals with spinal cord injury (Thai-SCI) who met SCI-specific physical activity (PA) guidelines, (ii) describe PA and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of Thai-SCI across different sociodemographic strata, and, (iii) measure the variance in HRQOL associated with the intensity and volume of leisure-time physical activities (LTPA). Methods: Two surveys, measuring PA and HRQOL, were used in this study. Descriptive analysis, parametric and non-parametric tests for comparing two or more groups were used to analyse the data. The relationship between PA levels and HRQOL scores was investigated using Spearman’s correlation coefficients. All statistical significance level in this study were set to alpha < 0.05. Results: From the 200 participants, 14.5% met aerobic, 20.5% met strength training and 13.5% met both aerobic and strength training SCI-specific PA guidelines. Sedentary Thai-SCI accounted for 49% of the study sample. Thai-SCI spent 132.0 ± 254.3 (mean ± SD) minutes per week on moderate-to-heavy intensity LTPA. Average Physical and Mental Component Summary (PCS and MCS scores) of Thai-SCI were 42.3 ± 7.6 and 49.3 ± 8.4 (mean ± SD), respectively. Increases in average LTPA of moderate-to-heavy intensities were weakly correlated with increases in PCS scores and its sub-domains (r = 0.1–0.3, n = 200, all p < 0.05). Conclusion: The average time spent on moderate-to-heavy intensity ADLs and LTPA were below SCI-specific PA guidelines and the WHO global recommendations for PA. The proportion of Thai-SCI who were sedentary was high, suggesting immediate action and implementation of strategies to promote PA for Thai-SCI.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION The proportion of Thai people with spinal cord injury with a sedentary lifestyle was high. Healthcare providers in Thailand must engage to a greater degree in health-related physical activity promotion to effectively deliver physical activity and e...
Eitivipart, AC, Arora, M, Quel de Oliveira, C, Heard, R, Middleton, JW & Davis, GM 2022, 'Physical activity recall assessment for people with spinal cord injury: Thai translation and cross-cultural adaptation', Disability and Rehabilitation, vol. 44, no. 17, pp. 4831-4840.
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Elkins, MR, Pinto, RZ, Verhagen, A, Grygorowicz, M, Söderlund, A, Guemann, M, Gómez-Conesa, A, Blanton, S, Brismée, J-M, Agarwal, S, Jette, A, Harms, M, Verheyden, G & Sheikh, U 2022, 'Correspondence: Response to Lakens', Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 214-214.
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Elkins, MR, Pinto, RZ, Verhagen, A, Grygorowicz, M, Söderlund, A, Guemann, M, Gómez-Conesa, A, Blanton, S, Brismée, J-M, Agarwal, S, Jette, A, Karstens, S, Harms, M, Verheyden, G & Sheikh, U 2022, 'Correction to: Elkins MR, Pinto RZ, Verhagen A, et al. Statistical inference through estimation: recommendations from the International Society of Physiotherapy Journal Editors. Phys Ther. 2022;102:pzac066. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzac066', Physical Therapy, vol. 102, no. 8.
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Elkins, MR, Pinto, RZ, Verhagen, A, Grygorowicz, M, Söderlund, A, Guemann, M, Gómez-Conesa, A, Blanton, S, Brismée, J-M, Agarwal, S, Jette, A, Karstens, S, Harms, M, Verheyden, G & Sheikh, U 2022, 'Corrigendum to ‘Statistical inference through estimation: recommendations from the International Society of Physiotherapy Journal Editors’ [J Physiother 2022;68:1–4]', Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 89-89.
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Elkins, MR, Pinto, RZ, Verhagen, A, Grygorowicz, M, Söderlund, A, Guemann, M, Gómez-Conesa, A, Blanton, S, Brismée, J-M, Agarwal, S, Jette, A, Karstens, S, Harms, M, Verheyden, G & Sheikh, U 2022, 'Statistical inference through estimation: recommendations from the International Society of Physiotherapy Journal Editors', European Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 129-133.
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Elkins, MR, Pinto, RZ, Verhagen, A, Grygorowicz, M, Söderlund, A, Guemann, M, Gómez-Conesa, A, Blanton, S, Brismée, J-M, Agarwal, S, Jette, A, Karstens, S, Harms, M, Verheyden, G & Sheikh, U 2022, 'Statistical inference through estimation: recommendations from the International Society of Physiotherapy Journal Editors', Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 133-138.
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Elkins, MR, Pinto, RZ, Verhagen, A, Grygorowicz, M, Söderlund, A, Guemann, M, Gómez-Conesa, A, Blanton, S, Brismée, J-M, Agarwal, S, Jette, A, Karstens, S, Harms, M, Verheyden, G & Sheikh, U 2022, 'Statistical inference through estimation: Recommendations from the International Society of Physiotherapy Journal Editors', Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 100387-100387.
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Elkins, MR, Pinto, RZ, Verhagen, A, Grygorowicz, M, Söderlund, A, Guemann, M, Gómez-Conesa, A, Blanton, S, Brismée, J-M, Ardern, C, Agarwal, S, Jette, A, Karstens, S, Harms, M, Verheyden, G & Sheikh, U 2022, 'Statistical inference through estimation: recommendations from the International Society of Physiotherapy Journal Editors', Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 1-4.
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Elkins, MR, Zambelli Pinto, R, Verhagen, A, Grygorowicz, M, Söderlund, A, Guemann, M, Gómez-Conesa, A, Blanton, S, Brismée, J-M, Agarwal, S, Jette, A, Karstens, S, Harms, M, Verheyden, G & Sheikh, U 2022, 'Statistical inference through estimation: recommendations from the International Society of Physiotherapy Journal Editors', Fisioterapia, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 131-136.
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Elliott, R & Freeman-Sanderson, A 2022, 'Provision of care in critical care: A multifaceted gem of an issue', Australian Critical Care, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 613-615.
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Elston, A, Barnden, R, Hersh, D, Godecke, E, Cadilhac, DA, Lannin, NA, Kneebone, I & Andrew, NE 2022, 'Developing person-centred goal setting resources with and for people with aphasia: a multi-phase qualitative study', Aphasiology, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 761-780.
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Introduction: Stroke patients with aphasia are often excluded from person-centred goal setting as part of their clinical care, despite a recommendation for person-centred goal setting in national clinical guidelines. Aim: To develop and field test an aphasia supplement to a person-centred goal setting package for stroke to better meet the needs of patients with aphasia. Methods: A multi-phase, qualitative study design was employed building on prior work in a non-aphasia stroke population. Initial materials, including clinician training, were developed into an aphasia goal setting supplement with input from an expert working group. In phase one, feedback was sought from consumers with aphasia (n=5) on the layout and format of the patient-facing components. In phase two, six clinicians from one Australian healthcare network (occupational therapy: n=2, physiotherapy: n=1 and speech pathology: n=3) were observed using the goal setting package with eight inpatients with aphasia (2 mild, 3 moderate, 3 severe). In phase three, post field testing feedback was sought from clinicians (n=5) and patients with aphasia (n=3). Content analysis of interview data was carried out. Results: The consumer feedback session in phase one indicated that the supplement layout was helpful for including people with aphasia to participate actively in person-centred goal setting. Adaptations were made for the aphasia supplement including language, graphic, and format changes based on the feedback. During the field testing in phase two, 18 person-centred goals were set with eight patients with aphasia (median two goals) and included: secondary prevention (8%), functional recovery (31%), community participation (28%), everyday activities (28%), and environment (6%). Based on observations by members of the research team during field testing, clinicians across the multidisciplinary team were able to facilitate goal setting effectively. In phase three, clinicians and patients reported th...
Fernandes, LG, Devan, H, Fioratti, I, Kamper, SJ, Williams, CM & Saragiotto, BT 2022, 'At my own pace, space, and place: a systematic review of qualitative studies of enablers and barriers to telehealth interventions for people with chronic pain', Pain, vol. 163, no. 2, pp. e165-e181.
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Abstract Telehealth is a promising approach to support self-management with the potential to overcome geographical barriers. Understanding patient perspectives will identify practical challenges to delivering self-management strategies by telehealth. The aim of this study was to synthesize the perceptions of people with chronic musculoskeletal pain for engaging in interventions delivered using telehealth. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS, and PsycINFO databases. We included qualitative studies that explored perceptions or experiences or attitudes of people with chronic musculoskeletal pain engaging with telehealth. We assessed the methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Meta-synthesis was guided by a thematic synthesis approach. The level of confidence of review findings was assessed using the Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Studies (GRADE-CERQual). Twenty-one studies were included (n = 429). Telehealth comprised web-based, videoconference-based, telephone-based, video-based, and smartphone app–based programs delivered solely or combined. Chronic musculoskeletal conditions included people with knee or hip osteoarthritis, chronic low back pain, persistent pain (chronic joint pain or nonspecific chronic musculoskeletal pain), rheumatoid arthritis, and functional fatigue syndrome. The enablers for engaging in telehealth interventions were as follows: (1) “at my own pace, space, and place” and (2) empowered patient. Barriers to engaging in telehealth interventions were as follows: (1) impersonal, (2) technological challenges, (3) irrelevant content, and (4) limited digital (health) literacy. Telehealth interventions with well-designed interactive platforms, flexibility to fit patients' routine, and the broad availability of material may favor better engagement. Encouragement of self-efficacy is linked to successful telehealth-delivered self-m...
Fernandes, LG, Oliveira, RFF, Barros, PM, Fagundes, FRC, Soares, RJ & Saragiotto, BT 2022, 'Physical therapists and public perceptions of telerehabilitation: An online open survey on acceptability, preferences, and needs', Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 100464-100464.
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Field, MA, Yadav, S, Dudchenko, O, Esvaran, M, Rosen, BD, Skvortsova, K, Edwards, RJ, Keilwagen, J, Cochran, BJ, Manandhar, B, Bustamante, S, Rasmussen, JA, Melvin, RG, Chernoff, B, Omer, A, Colaric, Z, Chan, EKF, Minoche, AE, Smith, TPL, Gilbert, MTP, Bogdanovic, O, Zammit, RA, Thomas, T, Aiden, EL & Ballard, JWO 2022, 'The Australian dingo is an early offshoot of modern breed dogs', Science Advances, vol. 8, no. 16, pp. 1-14.
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Dogs are uniquely associated with human dispersal and bring transformational insight into the domestication process. Dingoes represent an intriguing case within canine evolution being geographically isolated for thousands of years. Here, we present a high-quality de novo assembly of a pure dingo (CanFam_DDS). We identified large chromosomal differences relative to the current dog reference (CanFam3.1) and confirmed no expanded pancreatic amylase gene as found in breed dogs. Phylogenetic analyses using variant pairwise matrices show that the dingo is distinct from five breed dogs with 100% bootstrap support when using Greenland wolf as the outgroup. Functionally, we observe differences in methylation patterns between the dingo and German shepherd dog genomes and differences in serum biochemistry and microbiome makeup. Our results suggest that distinct demographic and environmental conditions have shaped the dingo genome. In contrast, artificial human selection has likely shaped the genomes of domestic breed dogs after divergence from the dingo.
Fioratti, I, Miyamoto, GC, Fandim, JV, Ribeiro, CPP, Batista, GD, Freitas, GE, Palomo, AS, Reis, FJJD, Costa, LOP, Maher, CG & Saragiotto, BT 2022, 'Feasibility, Usability, and Implementation Context of an Internet-Based Pain Education and Exercise Program for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Pilot Trial of the ReabilitaDOR Program', JMIR Formative Research, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. e35743-e35743.
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Background Internet-based self-management programs and telerehabilitation initiatives have increased and have been extensively used for delivering health care in many areas. These programs overcome common barriers that patients face with traditional face-to-face health care, such as travel expenditures, lack of time, and high demand on the public health system. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this mode of web-based health care delivery had become more popular. However, there is still a lack of studies testing this mode of delivery in low- and middle-income countries. To gain a better understanding of the context, feasibility, and factors involved in the implementation of a web-based program, pilot and implementation studies are necessary. These studies can better inform whether a strategy is feasible, acceptable, and adequate for its purposes and for optimizing resource allocation. Objective This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, usability, and implementation context of a self-management internet-based program based on exercises and pain education (ReabilitaDOR) in people with chronic musculoskeletal pain and to compare this program with a program using only a web-based self-management booklet. Methods The study design was a parallel pilot study of a prospectively registered, assessor-blinded, 2-arm randomized controlled trial with economic evaluation. This study was performed using waiting lists of physiotherapy and rehabilitation centers and advertisements on social media networks. The participants were 65 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain aged between 18 and 60 years. The effects of an 8-week telerehabilitation program based on exercises and pain education ...
Freeman-Sanderson, A, Hemsley, B, Thompson, K, Rogers, K, Knowles, S & Hammond, N 2022, 'Communication status in adult intensive care patients: A multicentre, binational point prevalence study', Australian Critical Care, vol. 35, pp. S9-S9.
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Freeman-Sanderson, A, Thompson, K, Rogers, K, Elliott, D, Elkins, M, Brodsky, M, Bass, F, Leung, QK, Goodman, F, Grattan, S & Hammond, N 2022, 'Swallowing and communication recovery following severe sepsis: Scores study', Australian Critical Care, vol. 35, pp. S20-S20.
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French, AN, Murphy, E, Martin, F, de Mello, N & Rose, KA 2022, 'Vision Screening in Children: The New South Wales Statewide Eyesight Preschooler Screening Program', Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 425-433.
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Purpose: The aim was to investigate universality of access, screening rate, and outcomes from the New South Wales (NSW) Statewide Eyesight Preschooler Screening (StEPS) over the period of 2009 to 2016. Design: Cross-sectional, observational study. Methods: The StEPS program provides vision screening to 4-year-old children residing in NSW and is administered within Local Health Districts (LHDs). Visual acuity (VA) was examined by trained lay and nurse screeners using HOTV logMAR. Children who had VA <6/9−2 were referred to local practitioners while those with VA <6/18 were referred to public hospital pediatric ophthalmic outpatient clinics where available. Activity data were collected by NSW Health and screening rates determined from population projections of 4-year-olds per LHD based on adjusted 2014 Census data. To determine factors impacting screening and referral rates, a random effects panel analysis was undertaken. Results: A total of 719,686 (96.4%) NSW 4-year-old children were offered StEPS vision screening between 2009 and 2016, 84% accepted and 564,825 children (75.6%) were screened. The screening rate increased from 67.3% in 2009 to 74.5% in 2016, with an 80% target reached for 3 consecutive years from 2013 to 2015. Of those screened, 19.2% were referred to an eye health professional or advised to have a vision retest in 12 months. This referral rate remained steady over the period studied, with little variation between metropolitan, and rural and regional LHDs.
Garton, A, Rogers, K & Berle, D 2022, 'Reciprocal relationships between employment status and psychological symptoms: findings from the Building a New Life in Australia study', Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 1085-1095.
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Background
Finding work is an important priority for many refugees in the initial years following settlement in a host country. Difficulties in finding work could conceivably both contribute to and be a consequence of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychological distress commonly reported by refugees.Purpose
We sought to determine the direction of these relationships and the possibility of a reciprocal association between employment status on one hand, and symptoms of PTSD and psychological distress on the other, in a large refugee sample.Methods
A secondary analysis of three face-to-face interview assessments conducted across 5 years with 894 adult refugee participants (M = 39.9 years, SD = 12.8) from the Building a New Life in Australia study was conducted. Symptoms of psychological distress, posttraumatic stress, and employment status were assessed on each occasion. Preliminary analysis identified the cross-sectional relationships between psychological distress, PTSD symptoms, and employment status, while cross-lagged models were used to identify the longitudinal relationships between these respective symptoms.Results
Symptoms of psychological distress and not being in paid work were significantly correlated with each other at each time point (ranging 0.09-0.25) and they reciprocally influenced each other over time. Likewise, PTSD symptoms and not being in paid work were correlated with each other after 3 years and 5 years (r = 0.21 and 0.23 respectively), and a reciprocal relationship between these was found over time.Conclusion
The current findings indicate that interventions which target either mental health or work opportunities could have multiple downstream benefits for refugees.
Hatoum, AH, Burton, AL & Abbott, MJ 2022, 'Assessing negative core beliefs in eating disorders: revision of the Eating Disorder Core Beliefs Questionnaire', Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 18-14.
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Abstract Background Increased theoretical and empirical attention has been given to examining the role of core beliefs in both the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs). The Eating Disorder Core Beliefs Questionnaire (ED-CBQ) is self-report measure designed to assess five dimensions of core beliefs relating to eating disorders; self-loathing, unassertive/inhibited, demanding/needing help and support, abandoned/deprived, and high standards for the self. The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the ED-CBQ and to develop a revised and improved version of the original measure after evaluating its factor structure and related properties. Methods A sample of undergraduate university students (N = 763) completed an online test battery of questionnaires. Putative ED-symptomatic (n = 384) and non-ED (n = 379) subgroups were created from self-reported responses from the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were performed, and internal consistency, construct validity, group differences and clinical utility was examined. Results An initial CFA did not support the original five-factor 40-item ED-CBQ. A revised version was developed that possessed equal or superior psychometric properties to the original 40-item measure. The ED-CBQ-R demonstrated superior model fit, similar levels of reliability and construct validity, and the ability to discriminate between putative ED diagnostic groups. Conclusions...
Hayden, JA, Hayden, JA, Ogilvie, R, Singh, S, Kashif, S, Hartvigsen, J, Maher, CG, Furlan, AD, Lasserson, T, Tugwell, P, van Tulder, M, Qaseem, A, Ferreira, ML, Buchbinder, R, Wieland, LS, de Jesus-Moraleida, FR, Saragiotto, BT, Yamato, TP, de Zoete, A, Bülow, K, de Oliveira, LA, Bejarano, G & Cancelliere, C 2022, 'Commentary: collaborative systematic review may produce and share high-quality, comparative evidence more efficiently', Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol. 152, pp. 288-294.
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Systematic reviews are necessary to synthesize available evidence and inform clinical practice and health policy decisions. There has been an explosion of evidence available in many fields; this makes it challenging to keep evidence syntheses up to date and useful. Comparative effectiveness systematic reviews are informative; however, producing these often-large reviews bring intense time and resource demands. This commentary describes the implementation of a systematic review using a collaborative model of evidence synthesis. We are implementing the collaborative review model to update a large Cochrane review investigating the efficacy and comparative effectiveness of the design, delivery, and type of exercise treatment for people with chronic low-back pain. Three key benefits of the collaborative review model for evidence synthesis are (1) team coordination and collaboration, (2) quality control measures, and (3) advanced comparative and other analyses. This new collaborative review model is developed and implemented to produce and share high-quality, comparative evidence more efficiently while building capacity and community within a research field.
Hayes, C, Power, T, Forrest, G, Ferguson, C, Kennedy, D, Freeman-Sanderson, A, Courtney-Harris, M, Hemsley, B & Lucas, C 2022, 'Bouncing off Each Other: Experiencing Interprofessional Collaboration Through Simulation', Clinical Simulation in Nursing, vol. 65, pp. 26-34.
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Background: Effective communication and collaboration in interprofessional teams are fundamental to the provision of high quality and safe healthcare. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of interprofessional, pre–qualifying health professional students engaged in a simulated patient care scenario. Methods: Students from five healthcare disciplines were immersed in a collaborative simulation experience of managing a patient with stroke, from admission to discharge. Three focus groups were used to evaluate students’ experiences. Results: Three key themes emerged from participant narratives: (a) Learning to Speak the Same language: Working Together to Understand the Healthcare Team, (b) Progressing from Uncertainty to Collaborative Practice: Reflecting on Practice and Transition, and (c) Lessons Learned in Developing the Simulation: Barriers and Enablers to Learning. Conclusions: Immersion of healthcare students in interprofessional simulation experiences enhances role understanding, collaborative decision making, and communication skills.
Hemsley, B & Debono, D 2022, 'Recognising complexity: Foregrounding vulnerable and diverse populations for inclusive health information management research', Health Information Management Journal, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 113-117.
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Hemsley, B & Gregory, C 2022, 'People with Parkinson’s disease who succeed in the LSVT LOUD® treatment also report significant improvement in communication effectiveness, vocal disability, and communicative participation1', Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 17-23.
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Hesam‐Shariati, N, Chang, W, Wewege, MA, McAuley, JH, Booth, A, Trost, Z, Lin, C, Newton‐John, T & Gustin, SM 2022, 'The analgesic effect of electroencephalographic neurofeedback for people with chronic pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis', European Journal of Neurology, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 921-936.
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AbstractBackgroundElectroencephalographic (EEG) neurofeedback has been utilized to regulate abnormal brain activity associated with chronic pain.MethodsIn this systematic review, we synthesized the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effect of EEG neurofeedback on chronic pain using random effects meta‐analyses. Additionally, we performed a narrative review to explore the results of non‐randomized studies. The quality of included studies was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias tools, and the GRADE system was used to rate the certainty of evidence.ResultsTen RCTs and 13 non‐randomized studies were included. The primary meta‐analysis on nine eligible RCTs indicated that although there is low confidence, EEG neurofeedback may have a clinically meaningful effect on pain intensity in short‐term. Removing the studies with high risk of bias from the primary meta‐analysis resulted in moderate confidence that there remained a clinically meaningful effect on pain intensity. We could not draw any conclusion from the findings of non‐randomized studies, as they were mostly non‐comparative trials or explorative case series. However, the extracted data indicated that the neurofeedback protocols in both RCTs and non‐randomized studies mainly involved the conventional EEG neurofeedback approach, which targeted reinforcing either alpha or sensorimotor rhythms and suppressing theta and/or beta bands on one brain region at a time. A posthoc analysis of RCTs utilizing the conventional approach resulted in a clinically meaningful effect estimate for pain intensity.ConclusionAlthough there is promising evidence on the analgesic effect of EEG neurofeedback, further studies with larger sample si...
Hinton, E, Steel, Z, Hilbrink, D & Berle, D 2022, 'Anger and predictors of drop-out from PTSD treatment of veterans and first responders', Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 237-251.
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AbstractBackground:Drop-out is an important barrier in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with consequences that negatively impact clients, clinicians and mental health services as a whole. Anger is a common experience in people with PTSD and is more prevalent in military veterans. To date, no research has examined if anger may predict drop-out in military veterans or first responders.Aims:The present study aimed to determine the variables that predict drop-out among individuals receiving residential treatment for PTSD.Method:Ninety-five military veterans and first responders completed pre-treatment measures of PTSD symptom severity, depression, anxiety, anger, and demographic variables. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine if these variables predicted drop-out from treatment or patterns of attendance.Results:Female gender was predictive of drop-out. However, when analysed by occupation female gender was predictive of drop-out among first responders and younger age was predictive of drop-out in military participants. Anger, depression, anxiety and PTSD symptom severity were not predictive of drop-out in any of the analyses. No variables were found to predict attendance patterns (consistent or inconsistent) or early versus late drop-out from the programme.Conclusion:These results suggest that although anger is a relevant issue for treating PTSD, other factors may be more pertinent to drop-out, particularly in this sample. In contrast with other findings, female gender was predictiv...
Hoang Bui, N, Cruickshank, M, McAloon, J & Maguire, J 2022, 'A Longitudinal Study on the Effects of Parental Mental Health and Handheld Devices on Child Outcomes', Humanities and Social Sciences, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 157-157.
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Hronis, A, Roberts, R, Roberts, L & Kneebone, I 2022, 'Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for children and adolescents with intellectual disability and anxiety: a therapist manual', Discover Psychology, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 24.
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AbstractUp to 50% of children with intellectual disability (ID) have a comorbid mental illness, yet to date, there has been a lack of evidence-based treatments for this population. This paper discusses the development and application of the Fearless Me! © treatment program, a multimodal Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) intervention for children with mild to moderate ID and anxiety. The program development involved a review of the literature to identify the neuropsychological deficits present for children with ID and suggested ways in which therapy could be adapted for their needs. This was followed by gathering feedback from parents and mental health practitioners. From this, the Fearless Me! © program was developed, involving face-to-face sessions and an online component to support the practice of CBT skills. The program has been trialed among children and adolescents with ID, and shows promise in reducing anxiety in children with mild to moderate ID.
Huynh, T, Kairouz, S & Hodge, C 2022, 'Congenital nystagmus in small incision lenticule extraction surgery', Clinical and Experimental Optometry, vol. 105, no. 4, pp. 450-451.
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Jenkins, LC, Chang, W-J, Buscemi, V, Liston, M, Skippen, P, Cashin, AG, McAuley, JH & Schabrun, SM 2022, 'Low Somatosensory Cortex Excitability in the Acute Stage of Low Back Pain Causes Chronic Pain', The Journal of Pain, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 289-304.
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Jericho, B, Luo, A & Berle, D 2022, 'Trauma‐focused psychotherapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis', Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, vol. 145, no. 2, pp. 132-155.
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AbstractIntroductionMeta‐analytic reviews suggest similar outcomes across trauma‐focused psychotherapies for adults with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, this conclusion may be premature due to suboptimal statistical‐review methodologies. Network meta‐analysis (NMA) allows a detailed rank‐ordering of the efficacy of established psychotherapy interventions derived from indirect evidence as well as results from direct head‐to‐head comparisons.ObjectiveWe sought to determine the efficacy and attrition rates of psychotherapy interventions for PTSD by applying NMA.MethodsWe searched EMBASE, PsychINFO, PTSDPubs and PubMed for randomised controlled trials that compared psychotherapies either head‐to‐head or against controls for adults with PTSD. A frequentist NMA was used to compare direct and indirect effects to determine the efficacy and attrition rates of psychotherapy interventions.ResultsOf the 5649 papers identified, 82 trials comprising of 5838 patients were included. The network comprised 17 psychotherapies and four control conditions. Network estimates indicated superior efficacy of meta‐cognitive therapy and cognitive processing therapy over other psychotherapies (ESs between = 0.26 and 2.32). Written exposure therapy and narrative exposure therapy were associated with lower risk of drop out when considered alongside other psychotherapies. Confidence in the network meta‐analytic estimates was considered moderate for both outcomes.ConclusionsIn broad terms, therapeutic commensurability was evident. Nevertheless, with additional studies and larger sample sizes, meta‐cognitive and written exposure therapies could indeed diff...
Kang, A, Sukkar, L, Hockham, C, Jun, M, Young, T, Scaria, A, Foote, C, Neuen, BL, Cass, A, Pollock, C, Comino, E, Lung, T, Pecoits‐Filho, R, Rogers, K & Jardine, MJ 2022, 'Risk factors for incident kidney disease in older adults: an Australian prospective population‐based study', Internal Medicine Journal, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 808-817.
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AbstractBackground and AimTo determine risk factors for incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a large population‐based cohort.MethodsThis prospective opt‐in population‐based cohort study is based on the 45 and Up Study, where New South Wales residents aged ≥45 years were randomly sampled from the Services Australia database and agreed to complete the 45 and Up Study baseline questionnaire and have their responses linked to their health data in routinely collected databases. The primary outcome was the development of incident CKD, defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. CKD incidence was calculated using Poisson regression. Risk factors for incident CKD were assessed using Cox regression in multivariable models.ResultsIn 39 574 participants who did not have CKD at enrolment, independent factors associated with developing CKD included: older age, regional residence (HR 1.38 (1.27–1.50) for outer regional vs major city), smoking (1.13 (1.00–1.27) for current smoker vs non‐smoker), obesity (1.25 (1.16–1.35) for obese vs normal body mass index), diabetes mellitus (1.41 (1.33–1.50)), hypertension (1.53 (1.44–1.62)), coronary heart disease (1.13 (1.07–1.20)), depression/anxiety (1.16 (1.09–1.24)) and cancer (1.29 (1.20–1.39)). Migrants were less likely to develop CKD compared with people born in Australia (0.88 (0.83–0.94)). Gender, partner status and socioeconomic factors were not independently associated with developing CKD.ConclusionsThis large population‐based study found multiple modifiable and non‐modifiable factors were independently associated with developing CKD. In the Australian setting, the risk of CKD was higher with regional residence. Differences according to socioecono...
Keay, L, Ho, KC, Rogers, K, McCluskey, P, White, AJR, Morlet, N, Ng, JQ, Lamoureux, E, Pesudovs, K, Stapleton, FJ, Boufous, S, Huang‐Lung, J & Palagyi, A 2022, 'The incidence of falls after first and second eye cataract surgery: a longitudinal cohort study', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 217, no. 2, pp. 94-99.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare fall incidence, and visual acuity and refractive status, before surgery and after first and second eye cataract surgery. DESIGN, SETTING: Prospective observational study in eight tertiary referral ophthalmology clinics in public hospitals in Sydney, Melbourne, and Perth. PARTICIPANTS: People aged 65 years or more referred for bilateral age-related cataract surgery during 2013-16, followed for maximum of 24 months after study entry or until six months after second eye surgery, whichever was shorter. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome: age- and sex-adjusted incidence of falls. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: visual acuity and refractive error. RESULTS: The mean age of the 409 included participants was 75.4 years (SD, 5.4 years); 220 were women (54%). Age- and sex-adjusted fall incidence prior to surgery was 1.17 (95% CI, 0.95-1.43) per year, 0.81 (95% CI, 0.63-1.04) per year after first eye surgery, and 0.41 (95% CI, 0.29-0.57) per year after second eye surgery. For the 118 participants who underwent second eye surgery and participated in all follow-up visits, age- and sex-adjusted incidence before (0.80 [95% CI, 0.55-1.15] falls per year) and after first eye surgery (0.81 [95% CI, 0.57-1.15] falls per year) was similar, but was lower after second eye surgery (0.32 [95% CI 0.21-0.50] falls per year). Mean habitual binocular visual acuity (logMAR) was 0.32 (SD, 0.21) before surgery, 0.15 (SD, 0.17) after first eye surgery, and 0.07 (SD, 0.15) after second eye surgery. CONCLUSIONS: First eye surgery substantially improves vision in older people with cataract, but second eye surgery is required to minimise fall incidence. Timely cataract surgery for both eyes not only optimises vision in older people with cataract, but also reduces their risk of injury from falls.
Khursheed, R, Singh, SK, Kumar, B, Wadhwa, S, Gulati, M, A, A, Awasthi, A, Vishwas, S, Kaur, J, Corrie, L, K.R., A, Kumar, R, Jha, NK, Gupta, PK, Zacconi, F, Dua, K, Chitranshi, N, Mustafa, G & Kumar, A 2022, 'Self-nanoemulsifying composition containing curcumin, quercetin, Ganoderma lucidum extract powder and probiotics for effective treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in streptozotocin induced rats', International Journal of Pharmaceutics, vol. 612, pp. 121306-121306.
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Liquid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (L-SNEDDS) of curcumin and quercetin were prepared by dissolving them in isotropic mixture of Labrafil M1944CS®, Capmul MCM®, Tween-80® and Transcutol P®. The prepared L-SNEDDS were solidified using Ganoderma lucidum extract, probiotics and Aerosil-200® using spray drying. These were further converted into pellets using extrusion-spheronization. The mean droplet size and zeta potential of L-SNEDDS were found to be 63.46 ± 2.12 nm and - 14.8 ± 3.11 mV while for solid SNEDDS pellets, these were 72.46 ± 2.16 nm and -38.7 ± 1.34 mV, respectively. The dissolution rate for curcumin and quercetin each was enhanced by 4.5 folds while permeability was enhanced by 5.28 folds (curcumin) and 3.35 folds (quercetin) when loaded into SNEDDS pellets. The Cmax for curcumin and quercetin containing SNEDDS pellets was found 532.34 ± 5.64 ng/mL and 4280 ± 65.67 ng/mL, respectively. This was 17.55 and 3.48 folds higher as compared to their naïve forms. About 50.23- and 5.57-folds increase in bioavailability was observed for curcumin and quercetin respectively, upon loading into SNEDDS pellets. SNEDDS pellets were found stable at accelerated storage conditions. The developed formulation were able to normalize the levels of blood glucose, lipids, antioxidant biomarkers, and tissue architecture of pancreas and liver in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats as compared to their naïve forms.
Kjeldsen, SS, Næss-Schmidt, ET, Lee, M, de Oliveira, CQ, Nielsen, JF & Stubbs, PW 2022, 'Blood flow restriction exercise of the tibialis anterior in people with stroke: a preliminary study', Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 053-053.
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Kneebone, II, Van Zanden, BE, Dorstyn, DS, Roberts, RM, Lord, SR, Querstret, D, Theadom, A, Kennedy, DS, Raman, J & Nair, RD 2022, 'Relaxation and related therapies for people with multiple sclerosis (MS): A systematic review', Clinical Rehabilitation, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 883-899.
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Objective To establish the effectiveness of relaxation and related therapies in treating Multiple Sclerosis related symptoms and sequelae. Data Sources PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global databases were searched. Methods We included studies from database inception until 31 December 2021 involving adult participants diagnosed with multiple sclerosis or disseminated sclerosis, which featured quantitative data regarding the impact of relaxation interventions on multiple sclerosis-related symptoms and sequelae. Studies which examined multi-modal therapies - relaxation delivered in combination with non-relaxation interventions - were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Risk of Bias tool for randomised trials – ROB2, Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies of Interventions ROBINS-I), and within and between-group effects were calculated (Hedges’ g). Results Twenty-eight studies met inclusion criteria. Twenty-three of these were randomised controlled trials, with 1246 total participants. This review reports on this data, with non-randomised study data reported in supplemental material. Post –intervention relaxation was associated with medium to large effect-size improvement for depression, anxiety, stress and fatigue. The effects of relaxation were superior to wait-list or no treatment control conditions; however, comparisons with established psychological or physical therapies were mixed. Individual studies reported sustained effects (≤ 6 months) with relaxation for stress, pain and quality of life. Most studies were rated as having a high/serious risk of bias. Conclusion There is emerging evidence that relaxation t...
Koehler, F & Schulz, M 2022, 'The AMULET ménage à trois: nurse, telemedicine support, and remote cardiologist', European Journal of Heart Failure, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 578-580.
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Lam, KN, Heneghan, NR, Mistry, J, Ojoawo, AO, Peolsson, A, Verhagen, AP, Tampin, B, Thoomes, E, Jull, G, Scholten -Peeters, GGM, Slater, H, Moloney, N, Hall, T, Dedering, Å, Rushton, A & Falla, D 2022, 'Classification criteria for cervical radiculopathy: An international e-Delphi study', Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, vol. 61, pp. 102596-102596.
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Lambert, M, Smit, CCH, De Vos, S, Benko, R, Llor, C, Paget, WJ, Briant, K, Pont, L, Van Dijk, L & Taxis, K 2022, 'A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis of community pharmacist‐led interventions to optimise the use of antibiotics', British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 88, no. 6, pp. 2617-2641.
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AimsThe aim of this systematic review is to assess the effects of community pharmacist‐led interventions to optimise the use of antibiotics and identify which interventions are most effective.MethodsThis review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42020188552). PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for (randomised) controlled trials. Included interventions were required to target antibiotic use, be set in the community pharmacy context, and be pharmacist‐led. Primary outcomes were quality of antibiotic supply and adverse effects while secondary outcomes included patient‐reported outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the ‘Cochrane suggested risk of bias criteria’ and narrative synthesis of primary outcomes conducted.ResultsSeventeen studies were included covering in total 3822 patients (mean age 45.6 years, 61.9% female). Most studies used educational interventions. Three studies reported on primary outcomes, 12 on secondary outcomes and two on both. Three studies reported improvements in quality of dispensing, interventions led to more intensive symptom assessment (up to 30% more advice given) and a reduction of over‐the‐counter supply up to 53%. Three studies led to higher consumer satisfaction, effects on adherence from nine studies were mixed (risk difference 0.04 [−0.02, 0.10]). All studies had unclear or high risks of bias across at least one domain, with large heterogeneity between studies.ConclusionsOur review suggests some positive results from pharmacist‐led interventions, but the interventions do not seem sufficiently effective as currently implemented. This review should be interpreted as exploratory research, as more high‐quality research ...
Law, WK, Yaremych, HE, Ferrer, RA, Richardson, E, Wu, YP & Turbitt, E 2022, 'Decision-making about genetic health information among family dyads: a systematic literature review', Health Psychology Review, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 412-429.
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Decisions involving two individuals (i.e., dyadic decision making)have been increasingly studied in healthcare research.There is evidence of bi-directional influences in decision-making processes among spousal, provider-patient and parent-child dyads. Genetic information can directly impact biologically related individuals. Thus, it is important to understand dyadic decisionmaking about genetic health information among family members. This systematic literature review aimed to identifyliterature examining decision making among family dyads. Peer-reviewed publications were included if they reported quantitative empirical research on dyadic decisionmaking about genetic information, published between January 1998 - August2020 and written in English.The search was conducted in 6 databases and returned 3167 articles, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were in the context of cancer genetic testing (n=8) or reproductive testing or screening (n=5). Studies reported two broad categories of decisions with dyadic influence: undergoing screening or testing (n=10)and sharing information with family (n=5). Factors were correlated between dyads such as attitudes, knowledge, behaviors and psychological wellbeing.Emerging evidence shows that dyad members influence each other when making decisions aboutreceiving or sharing genetic information. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering both members of a dyad in intervention design and clinical interactions.
Le Pelley, ME, Ung, R, Mine, C, Most, SB, Watson, P, Pearson, D & Theeuwes, J 2022, 'Reward learning and statistical learning independently influence attentional priority of salient distractors in visual search', Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, vol. 84, no. 5, pp. 1446-1459.
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AbstractExisting research demonstrates different ways in which attentional prioritization of salient nontarget stimuli is shaped by prior experience: Reward learning renders signals of high-value outcomes more likely to capture attention than signals of low-value outcomes, whereas statistical learning can produce attentional suppression of the location in which salient distractor items are likely to appear. The current study combined manipulations of the value and location associated with salient distractors in visual search to investigate whether these different effects of selection history operate independently or interact to determine overall attentional prioritization of salient distractors. In Experiment 1, high-value and low-value distractors most frequently appeared in the same location; in Experiment 2, high-value and low-value distractors typically appeared in distinct locations. In both experiments, effects of distractor value and location were additive, suggesting that attention-promoting effects of value and attention-suppressing effects of statistical location-learning independently modulate overall attentional priority. Our findings are consistent with a view that sees attention as mediated by a common priority map that receives and integrates separate signals relating to physical salience and value, with signal suppression based on statistical learning determined by physical salience, but not incentive salience.
Lemke, AA, Esplin, ED, Goldenberg, AJ, Gonzaga-Jauregui, C, Hanchard, NA, Harris-Wai, J, Ideozu, JE, Isasi, R, Landstrom, AP, Prince, AER, Turbitt, E, Sabatello, M, Schrier Vergano, SA, Taylor, MRG, Yu, J-H, Brothers, KB & Garrison, NA 2022, 'Addressing underrepresentation in genomics research through community engagement', The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 109, no. 9, pp. 1563-1571.
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Leung, KFC, Golzan, M, Egodage, C, Rodda, S, Cracknell, R, Macken, P & Kaushik, S 2022, 'Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ophthalmic presentations to an Australian outer metropolitan and rural emergency department: a retrospective comparative study', BMC Ophthalmology, vol. 22, no. 1.
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Abstract Background To analyse ophthalmic presentations to an outer metropolitan and a rural emergency department (ED) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Methods A retrospective comparative study of ophthalmic emergency presentations to Campbelltown Hospital (fifth busiest NSW metropolitan ED; population 310,000) and Bowral and District Hospital (rural ED; population 48,000) before and during COVID-19 was conducted. Patient demographics, triage category, referral source, diagnosis, length of stay, departure status, and follow-up location were assessed from coding data between March 1st to May 31st in 2019 and 2020, corresponding to the peak case numbers and restrictions during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in NSW. Differences before and during COVID-19 were analysed using chi-squared tests or independent sample t-tests. Results There was no change in ophthalmic presentations at Campbelltown (n = 228 in 2019 vs. n = 232 in 2020; + 1.75%, p = 0.12) and an increase at Bowral (n = 100 in 2019 vs. n = 111 in 2020; + 11%, p < 0.01) during COVID-19. Urgent ophthalmic presentations (Triage Category 3) decreased at Bowral (p = 0.0075), while non-urgent ophthalmic presentations (Triage Category 5) increased at both hospitals (Campbelltown p < 0.05, Bowral p < 0.01). Conclu...
Loveday, C, Garrett, A, Law, P, Hanks, S, Poyastro-Pearson, E, Adlard, JW, Barwell, J, Berg, J, Brady, AF, Brewer, C, Chapman, C, Cook, J, Davidson, R, Donaldson, A, Douglas, F, Greenhalgh, L, Henderson, A, Izatt, L, Kumar, A, Lalloo, F, Miedzybrodzka, Z, Morrison, PJ, Paterson, J, Porteous, M, Rogers, MT, Walker, L, Eccles, D, Evans, DG, Snape, K, Hanson, H, Houlston, RS, Turnbull, C, Ardern-Jones, A, Adlard, J, Ahmed, M, Attard, G, Bailey, K, Bancroft, E, Bardsley, C, Barton, D, Bartlett, M, Barwell, J, Baxter, L, Belk, R, Berg, J, Bernhard, B, Bishop, T, Boyes, L, Bradshaw, N, Brady, AF, Brant, S, Brewer, C, Brice, G, Bromilow, G, Brooks, C, Bruce, A, Bulman, B, Burgess, L, Campbell, J, Canham, N, Castle, B, Cetnarskyj, R, Chapman, C, Claber, O, Coates, N, Cole, T, Collins, A, Cook, J, Coulson, S, Crawford, G, Cruger, D, Cummings, C, D’Mello, L, Davidson, R, Day, L, Dell, B, Dolling, C, Donaldson, A, Dorkins, H, Douglas, F, Downing, S, Drummond, S, Dubras, C, Dunlop, J, Durrell, S, Eccles, D, Eddy, C, Edwards, M, Edwards, E, Edwardson, J, Eeles, R, Ellis, I, Elmslie, F, Evans, G, Gibbons, B, Gardiner, C, Ghali, N, Giblin, C, Gibson, S, Goff, S, Goodman, S, Goudie, D, Greenhalgh, L, Grier, J, Gregory, H, Halliday, S, Hardy, R, Hartigan, C, Heaton, T, Henderson, A, Higgins, C, Hodgson, S, Homfray, T, Horrigan, D, Houghton, C, Houlston, RS, Hughes, L, Hunt, V, Irvine, L, Izatt, L, Jacobs, C, James, S, James, M, Jeffers, L, Jobson, I, Jones, W, Kennedy, MJ, Kenwrick, S, Kightley, C, Kirk, C, Kirk, E, Kivuva, E, Kohut, K, Kosicka-Slawinska, M, Kulkarni, A, Kumar, A, Lalloo, F, Lambord, N, Langman, C, Leonard, P, Levene, S, Locker, S, Logan, P, Longmuir, M, Lucassen, A, Lyus, V, Magee, A, Male, A, Mansour, S, McBride, D, McCann, E, McConnell, V, McEntagart, M, McKeown, C, McLeish, L, McLeod, D, Melville, A, Mercer, L, Mercer, C, Miedzybrodzka, Z, Mitra, A, Morrison, PJ, Murday, V, Murray, A, Myhill, K, Myring, J, O'Hara, E, Paterson, J, Pearson, P, Pichert, G, Platt, K, Porteous, M, Pottinger, C, Price, S, Protheroe, L, Pugh, S, Quarrell, O, Randhawa, K, Riddick, C, Robertson, L, Robinson, A, Roffey-Johnson, V, Rogers, M, Rose, S, Rowe, S, Schofield, A, Rahman, N, Saya, S, Scott, G, Scott, J, Searle, A, Shanley, S, Sharif, S, Shaw, A, Shaw, J, Shea-Simonds, J, Side, L, Sillibourne, J, Simon, K, Simpson, S, Slater, S, Smalley, S, Smith, K, Snadden, L & et al. 2022, 'Analysis of rare disruptive germline mutations in 2135 enriched BRCA-negative breast cancers excludes additional high-impact susceptibility genes', Annals of Oncology, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 1318-1327.
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BACKGROUND: Breast cancer has a significant heritable basis, of which ∼60% remains unexplained. Testing for BRCA1/BRCA2 offers useful discrimination of breast cancer risk within families, and identification of additional breast cancer susceptibility genes could offer clinical utility. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included 2135 invasive breast cancer cases recruited via the Breast and Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility study, a retrospective UK study of familial breast cancer. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: female, BRCA-negative, white European ethnicity, and one of: (i) breast cancer family history, (ii) bilateral disease, (iii) young age of onset (<30 years), and (iv) concomitant ovarian cancer. We undertook exome sequencing of cases and carried out gene-level burden testing of rare damaging variants against those from 51 377 ethnicity-matched population controls from gnomAD. RESULTS: 159/2135 (7.4%) cases had a qualifying variant in an established breast cancer susceptibility gene, with minimal evidence of signal in other cancer susceptibility genes. Known breast cancer susceptibility genes PALB2, CHEK2, and ATM were the only genes to retain statistical significance after correcting for multiple testing. Due to the enrichment of hereditary cases in the series, we had good power (>80%) to detect a gene of BRCA1-like risk [odds ratio (OR) = 10.6] down to a population minor allele frequency of 4.6 × 10-5 (1 in 10 799, less than one-tenth that of BRCA1)and of PALB2-like risk (OR = 5.0) down to a population minor allele frequency of 2.8 × 10-4 (1 in 1779, less than half that of PALB2). Power was lower for identification of novel moderate penetrance genes (OR = 2-3) like CHEK2 and ATM. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest case-control whole-exome analysis of enriched breast cancer published to date. Whilst additional breast cancer susceptibility genes likely exist, those of high penetrance are likely to be of very low mutational frequency. Contention exists regarding the clinica...
Low, MA, Power, E & McGrath, M 2022, 'Sexuality after stroke: Exploring knowledge, attitudes, comfort and behaviours of rehabilitation professionals', Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 101547-101547.
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Lu, JYT, McKinn, S, Freeman, L, Turbitt, E & Bonner, C 2022, 'Do online decision aids reflect new prenatal screening and testing options? An environmental scan and content analysis', PEC Innovation, vol. 1, pp. 100038-100038.
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Lucas, C & Nguyen, V 2022, 'Visual limitations do not indicate poor quality of life: reflections by future eye care professionals', Reflective Practice, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 17-29.
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Lv, J, Wong, MG, Hladunewich, MA, Jha, V, Hooi, LS, Monaghan, H, Zhao, M, Barbour, S, Jardine, MJ, Reich, HN, Cattran, D, Glassock, R, Levin, A, Wheeler, DC, Woodward, M, Billot, L, Stepien, S, Rogers, K, Chan, TM, Liu, Z-H, Johnson, DW, Cass, A, Feehally, J, Floege, J, Remuzzi, G, Wu, Y, Agarwal, R, Zhang, H, Perkovic, V, Razavian, M, Gallagher, M, Daley, F, Hand, S, Knight, H, Gallagher, S, Bose, B, Lawlor, C, McCourt, J, Peh, CA, Scott, E, Carroll, R, Coates, T, Hockley, B, Hockley, M, Latte, J, Nicholls, K, Cai, M, Champion de Crespigny, P, Cronin, T, Farrell, M, Hughes, P, Masterson, R, Sepe, G, Tan, S-J, Toussaint, N, Wollstencroft, R, Cooper, B, Chang, M, Clayton, H, Tan, S, Tsang, H, Sudak, J, Laurin, LP, Pichette, V, Chausse, K, Comeau, M, Lepine, L, Soliel, M, Beauchemin, S, René, E, Quach, M, Daoust, K, Lessard, A, Bachand-Fournier, M, Bétournay, M, Paradis, M-S, Mikye Castor, M, Huang, S, Moist, L, Gallo, K, VanWesenbeeck, R, Longfield, T, Norris, F, Moyer, A, Bailey Lozon, Z, Miller, M, Clase, C, Rabbat, C, Salisbury, M, Mazzetti Vieira, A, Lalji, F, Moreau, C, Pannu, N, Hildebrand, A, Ruholl, N, Ahmad, N, Muneer, M, Girard, L, Mann, MC, Hemmelgarn, B, Manns, B, Ravani, P, Li, S, Mackay, J, Gulewich, S, Sheriff, Z, Ferera, J, Vela, K, Gonzalez, A, Bhasin, A, Lam, P, Haji, F, Shi, S, Liu, L, Bao, Y, Sui, G, Wang, C, Li, Z, Lv, L, Yang, L, Li, H, Liu, Z, Zhang, J, Huang, B, Yang, Y, Fu, S, Li, S, Pei, H, Zhang, L, Lu, N, Xu, J, Xu, L, Yang, Q, Jin, J, Chen, N, Wang, W, Xu, L, Xia, Z, Xu, H, Huang, W, Mo, Y, Chen, W, Wang, L, Li, R, Yao, S, Li, X, Ni, Z, Wang, L, Gu, L, Pang, H, Zhou, Y, Jin, Y, Zhang, H, Wang, X, Le, W, Hou, J, Song, X, Zhu, L, Zhao, J, Hou, W, Wu, J, Shi, Y, Liu, J, Zhang, C, Wan, C, Chen, S, Zhu, H, Tang, F, Li, H, Jiang, X, Wang, M, Zuo, L, Yan, Y, Dong, B, Wang, Y, Zhang, X, Bai, L, Li, P, Qi, D, Cai, Z, Li, G, Wang, L, Peng, K, Hong, D, Yao, D, Jiang, A, Luo, Q, Hou, S, Zhang, F, Zheng, L, Luo, Y, Cai, G, Duan, S, Zhang, Y, Liang, S, Shao, X, Wang, R, Liu, X, Xu, Y, Zhang, J, Chen, J, Cheng, J, Zhao, L, Du, X, Chen, H, Zhu, B, Pan, W, Ma, Y, Cui, C, Zhang, Q, Zhang, J, Fu, P, Tang, X, Qin, W, Liang, Y, Li, D, Sun, G, Su, X, Zhao, B, He, Q, Shen, X, Zheng, D, Sun, Y, Zheng, H, Zheng, W, Lu, F, Lai, L, Zhang, M, Xu, N, Shi, H, Chen, W, Liang, X, Ye, Z, Xu, L, Zhang, R, Tao, Y, Xu, D, Tang, L, Lian, X, Ding, G, Wang, H, Yang, L, Li, Z, Hu, Z, Jiang, B, Guo, Z, Chang, J, Wang, Q, Li, N, Zhang, A, Shi, S, Li, Z, Xu, H & et al. 2022, 'Effect of Oral Methylprednisolone on Decline in Kidney Function or Kidney Failure in Patients With IgA Nephropathy', JAMA, vol. 327, no. 19, pp. 1888-1888.
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Importance: The effect of glucocorticoids on major kidney outcomes and adverse events in IgA nephropathy has been uncertain. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of methylprednisolone in patients with IgA nephropathy at high risk of kidney function decline. Design, Setting, and Participants: An international, multicenter, double-blind, randomized clinical trial that enrolled 503 participants with IgA nephropathy, proteinuria greater than or equal to 1 g per day, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to 120 mL/min/1.73 m2 after at least 3 months of optimized background care from 67 centers in Australia, Canada, China, India, and Malaysia between May 2012 and November 2019, with follow-up until June 2021. Interventions: Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive oral methylprednisolone (initially 0.6-0.8 mg/kg/d, maximum 48 mg/d, weaning by 8 mg/d/mo; n = 136) or placebo (n = 126). After 262 participants were randomized, an excess of serious infections was identified, leading to dose reduction (0.4 mg/kg/d, maximum 32 mg/d, weaning by 4 mg/d/mo) and addition of antibiotic prophylaxis for pneumocystis pneumonia for subsequent participants (121 in the oral methylprednisolone group and 120 in the placebo group). Main Outcomes And Measures: The primary end point was a composite of 40% decline in eGFR, kidney failure (dialysis, transplant), or death due to kidney disease. There were 11 secondary outcomes, including kidney failure. Results: Among 503 randomized patients (mean age, 38 years; 198 [39%] women; mean eGFR, 61.5 mL/min/1.73 m2; mean proteinuria, 2.46 g/d), 493 (98%) completed the trial. Over a mean of 4.2 years of follow-up, the primary outcome occurred in 74 participants (28.8%) in the methylprednisolone group compared with 106 (43.1%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.53 [95% CI, 0.39-0.72]; P < .001; absolute annual event rate difference, -4.8% per year [95% CI, -8.0% to -1.6%]). The effect o...
Manandhar, B, Paudel, KR, Panth, N, Hansbro, P, Oliver, BG & Dua, K 2022, 'Applications of extracellular vesicles as a drug-delivery system for chronic respiratory diseases', Nanomedicine, vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 817-820.
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McCarthy, S, Hemsley, B, Given, F, Williams, H & Balandin, S 2022, 'Death by Choking or Dysphagia: A Review of Coronial Findings (Australia and Canada): A Picture of Preventable Death, Non-adherence to Written Recommendations, and Lack of Appropriate Supervision.', J Law Med, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 400-405.
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Choking and aspiration pneumonia are a leading cause of preventable death for people in residential care in Australia. In Victoria, in 2018-2019, 59% of deaths of persons in residential care that were referred to the coroner were from aspiration pneumonia. In 2016-2017, in New South Wales, the leading cause of death in people with disability living in residential care was pneumonitis caused by solids and fluids in the lungs. Such deaths are closely linked with swallowing problems (dysphagia) and people with cognitive impairments and multiple health issues, including mental health issues, are most at risk. This commentary focuses on coronial inquests where coroners' findings have identified dysphagia or aspiration pneumonia as a cause of death or a contributor to a person's death. It also includes a summary of the recommendations by coroners which highlight processes that should be implemented to improve the safety of people with dysphagia.
McKay, C, Pate, J, Mirabito, T & Anaza, E 2022, 'Engaging with wheelchair basketball: analyzing viewer attitudes and actions toward ‘the rebound: a wheelchair basketball documentary’', Sport in Society, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 963-981.
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McNeill, A, Amador, M-D-M, Bekker, H, Clarke, A, Crook, A, Cummings, C, McEwen, A, McDermott, C, Quarrell, O, Renieri, A, Roggenbuck, J, Salmon, K, Volk, A & Weishaupt, J 2022, 'Predictive genetic testing for Motor neuron disease: time for a guideline?', European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 635-636.
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Meiser, B, Butow, P, Davies, G, Napier, CE, Schlub, TE, Bartley, N, Juraskova, I, Ballinger, ML, Thomas, DM & Best, MC 2022, 'Psychological predictors of cancer patients' and their relatives’ attitudes towards the return of genomic sequencing results', European Journal of Medical Genetics, vol. 65, no. 6, pp. 104516-104516.
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This study assessed the psychological predictors of attitudes toward the return of germline genomic sequencing results in cancer patients and their biological relatives with a likely genetic basis for their cancer diagnosis, who completed a questionnaire prior to undergoing genomic sequencing. Of 602 probands and relatives, 94% of probands and 89% of relatives thought people would like to be informed about single-gene conditions for which there is prevention or treatment. Amongst relatives, this view was associated with higher perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy. Probands (66%) and relatives (59%) thought people would be interested in learning about single-gene conditions for which there is no prevention or treatment. Amongst probands, this view was associated with lower tolerance of uncertainty and amongst relatives with higher self-efficacy. Probands (92%) and relatives (90%) thought people would like to be informed about polygenic conditions that can have a major impact on health. Amongst probands this view was associated with lower perceived susceptibility of cancer recurrence, and amongst relatives, with higher perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy. Probands (86%) and relatives (86%) thought that people would like to be informed about polygenic conditions that can have a lower impact on health, and this view was associated with a lower perceived susceptibility of recurrence amongst probands. In conclusion, these findings show that individuals' attitudes about the return of results depend on the perceived utility of different types of tests. Therefore, individuals need to gain a clear understanding of test utility, and appropriate consent processes are required to achieve informed choices.
Meiser, B, Butow, P, Davies, G, Napier, CE, Schlub, TE, Bartley, N, Juraskova, I, Ballinger, ML, Thomas, DM, Tucker, K, Goldstein, D, Biesecker, BB & Best, MC 2022, 'Psychological predictors of advanced cancer patients’ preferences for return of results from comprehensive tumor genomic profiling', American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, vol. 188, no. 3, pp. 725-734.
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AbstractThis study assessed the psychological predictors of preferences for return of comprehensive tumor genomic profiling (CTGP) results in patients with advanced cancers, enrolled in the Molecular Screening and Therapeutics Program. Patients completed a questionnaire prior to undergoing CTGP. Of the 1434 who completed a questionnaire, 96% would like to receive results that can guide treatment for their cancer, and preference for receiving this type of result was associated with lower tolerance of uncertainty. Sixty‐four percent would like to receive results that cannot guide treatment, and lower tolerance of uncertainty, self‐efficacy, and perceived importance were associated with this preference. Fifty‐nine percent would like to receive variants of unknown significance, which was associated with lower tolerance of uncertainty, higher self‐efficacy, and perceived importance. Eighty‐six percent wanted to receive germline results that could inform family risk. This was associated with higher self‐efficacy, perceived importance, and perceived susceptibility. Although most patients wanted to receive all types of results, given the differing patient preferences regarding the return of results depending on the utility of the different types of results, it appears critical to safeguard patient understanding of result utility to achieve informed patient choices. This should be accompanied by appropriate consent processes.
Melkonian, M, McDonald, S, Scott, A, Karin, E, Dear, BF & Wootton, BM 2022, 'Symptom improvement and remission in untreated adults seeking treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Journal of Affective Disorders, vol. 318, pp. 175-184.
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric condition that results in significant distress and impairment, and high societal costs. OCD is widely considered to be a chronic condition, however, our understanding of the chronicity of the disorder, and the incidence of spontaneous remission, has largely relied on longitudinal studies of individuals who have received treatment. The aim of the current study is to examine symptom improvement and rate of spontaneous remission in individuals with OCD who were assigned to a no-treatment control group within a randomized controlled trial using a meta-analytic approach. Twelve studies (n = 282; mean age = 35.52; 60.03 % female) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled within-group effect size was negligible (g = -0.14; 95 % CI [-0.25, -0.04]) and only 4 % of participants demonstrated spontaneous remission across an average of 10.92 weeks (event rate = 0.04; [95 % CI: 0.01, 0.11]). Sample size and duration of OCD symptoms significantly moderated the effect size for symptom change. No moderators were found for symptom remission. The findings add to the small body of literature demonstrating that OCD has a chronic and unremitting course without treatment.
Mendonca, CJ, Newton-John, TRO & Bulsara, SM 2022, 'Psychosocial factors and quality of life in HIV', Australian Psychologist, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 167-173.
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Miao, M, Power, E, Rietdijk, R, Debono, D, Brunner, M, Salomon, A, Mcculloch, B, Wright, MR, Welsh, M, Tremblay, B, Rixon, C, Williams, L, Morrow, R, Evain, J-C & Togher, L 2022, 'Coproducing Knowledge of the Implementation of Complex Digital Health Interventions for Adults with Acquired Brain Injury and their Communication Partners: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study', JMIR Research Protocols, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. e35080-e35080.
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Background The Social Brain Toolkit, conceived and developed in partnership with stakeholders, is a novel suite of web-based communication interventions for people with brain injury and their communication partners. To support effective implementation, the developers of the Social Brain Toolkit have collaborated with people with brain injury, communication partners, clinicians, and individuals with digital health implementation experience to coproduce new implementation knowledge. In recognition of the equal value of experiential and academic knowledge, both types of knowledge are included in this study protocol, with input from stakeholder coauthors. Objective This study aims to collaborate with stakeholders to prioritize theoretically based implementation targets for the Social Brain Toolkit, understand the nature of these priorities, and develop targeted implementation strategies to address these priorities, in order to support the Social Brain Toolkit’s implementation. Methods Theoretically underpinned by the Nonadoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) framework of digital health implementation, a maximum variation sample (N=35) of stakeholders coproduced knowledge of the implementation of the Social Brain Toolkit. People with brain injury (n=10), communication partners (n=11), and clinicians (n=5) participated in an initial web-based prioritization survey based on the NASSS framework. Survey completion was facilitated by plain English explanations and accessible captioned videos developed through 3 rounds of piloting. A speech-language pathologist also assisted stakeholders with brain injury to participate in the survey via video teleconfere...
Miao, M, Rietdijk, R, Brunner, M, Debono, D, Togher, L & Power, E 2022, 'Implementation of Web-Based Psychosocial Interventions for Adults With Acquired Brain Injury and Their Caregivers: Systematic Review', Journal of Medical Internet Research, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. e38100-e38100.
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Background More than 135 million people worldwide live with acquired brain injury (ABI) and its many psychosocial sequelae. This growing global burden necessitates scalable rehabilitation services. Despite demonstrated potential to increase the accessibility and scalability of psychosocial supports, digital health interventions are challenging to implement and sustain. The Nonadoption, Abandonment, Scale-Up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) framework can offer developers and researchers a comprehensive overview of considerations to implement, scale, and sustain digital health interventions. Objective This systematic review identified published, peer-reviewed primary evidence of implementation outcomes, strategies, and factors for web-based psychosocial interventions targeting either adults with ABI or their formal or informal caregivers; evaluated and summarized this evidence; synthesized qualitative and quantitative implementation data according to the NASSS framework; and provided recommendations for future implementation. Results were compared with 3 hypotheses which state that complexity (dynamic, unpredictable, and poorly characterized factors) in most or all NASSS domains increases likelihood of implementation failure; success is achievable, but difficult with many complicated domains (containing multiple interacting factors); and simplicity (straightforward, predictable, and few factors) in most or all domains increases the likelihood of success. Methods From a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, speechBITE, and neuroBITE, we reviewed primary implementation evidence from January 2008 to June 2020. For web-based psychosocial intervent...
Miller, H, Lawson, D, Power, E, das Nair, R, Sathananthan, N & Wong, D 2022, 'How do people with acquired brain injury interpret the Valued Living Questionnaire? A cognitive interviewing study', Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, vol. 23, pp. 125-136.
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Möller, H, Cullen, P, Senserrick, T, Rogers, K, Boufous, S & Ivers, RQ 2022, 'Driving offences and risk of subsequent crash in novice drivers: the DRIVE cohort study 12-year follow-up', Injury Prevention, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 396-404.
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BackgroundPenalties are a key component to improve road user safety, but previous studies suggested that they might not be successful in reducing crashing in offending drivers. However, these studies were not able to consider important crash risk factors in the analysis that might confound the results. Using data from a large prospective cohort study of young drivers in New South Wales, Australia, we explored if novice drivers with driving offences have a higher rates of car crash and if these differences are explained by established crash risk factors.MethodsWe used data from a 2003/2004 Australian survey of young drivers, linked to police reported offence and crash data, hospital data and deaths data up to 2016. We used Poisson regression models adjusted for confounders to estimate the association between driving offences during 2003–2006 with car crash during 2007–2016.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 20 781 young drivers of whom 7860 drivers (37.8%) had at least one driving offence and 2487 (12.0%) were involved in at least one crash. After adjusting for confounders in the regression model, drivers with three or more driving offences had 2.25 (95% CI 1.98 to 2.57), 2.87 (95% CI 1.60 to 5.17) and 3.28 (95% CI 2.28 to 4.72) times higher rates of any crash, crashes that resulted in hospital admission or death and single vehicle crashes compared with drivers with no driving offences.ConclusionMeasures that successfully mitigate the underlying risk factors for both, crashes and offences, have the potential to improve road safety.
Moseley, AM, Fernández Hernando, D, Saragiotto, BT, Sharma, S, Maharjan, E & Elkins, MR 2022, 'The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) has better free full-text access than PubMed: An observational study', Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 100392-100392.
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Moser, CH, Freeman-Sanderson, A, Keeven, E, Higley, KA, Ward, E, Brenner, MJ & Pandian, V 2022, 'Tracheostomy care and communication during COVID-19: Global interprofessional perspectives', American Journal of Otolaryngology, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 103354-103354.
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Moses, K & Wootton, B 2022, 'A preliminary evaluation of the CBT Decision Making Questionnaire for Anxiety and Related Disorders (CDMQ-A)', Clinical Psychologist, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 34-43.
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Mughal, F, Raffe, W, Stubbs, P, Kneebone, I & Garcia, J 2022, 'Fitbits for Monitoring Depressive Symptoms in Older Aged Persons: Qualitative Feasibility Study', JMIR Formative Research, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. e33952-e33952.
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Background In 2022, an estimated 1.105 billion people used smart wearables and 31 million used Fitbit devices worldwide. Although there is growing evidence for the use of smart wearables to benefit physical health, more research is required on the feasibility of using these devices for mental health and well-being. In studies focusing on emotion recognition, emotions are often inferred and dependent on external cues, which may not be representative of true emotional states. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of using consumer-grade activity trackers for apps in the remote mental health monitoring of older aged people. Methods Older adults were recruited using criterion sampling. Participants were provided an activity tracker (Fitbit Alta HR) and completed weekly online questionnaires, including the Geriatric Depression Scale, for 4 weeks. Before and after the study period, semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted to provide insight into the acceptance and feasibility of performing the protocol over a 4-week period. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a hybrid inductive-deductive thematic analysis. Results In total, 12 participants enrolled in the study, and 9 returned for interviews after the study period. Participants had positive attitudes toward being remotely monitored, with 78% (7/9) of participants experiencing no inconvenience throughout the study period. Moreover, 67% (6/9) were interested in trialing our prototype when it is implemented. Participants stated they would feel more comfortable if ...
Munday, I, Kneebone, I, Rogers, K & Newton-John, T 2022, 'The Language of Pain: Is There a Relationship Between Metaphor Use and Adjustment to Chronic Pain?', Pain Medicine, vol. 23, no. 12, pp. 2073-2084.
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Abstract Objective Metaphor, frequently used in chronic pain, can function as a communicative tool, facilitating understanding and empathy from others. Previous research has demonstrated that specific linguistic markers exist for areas such as pain catastrophizing, mood, as well as diagnostic categories. The current study sought to examine potential associations between the types of pain metaphors used and diagnostic category, disability, and mood. Design Online cross-sectional survey in Sydney, Australia. Subjects People with chronic pain (n = 247, age 19–78 years, M = 43.69). Methods The data collected included demographics, pain metaphors, the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21). Associations between metaphor source domains, obtained via Systematic Metaphor Analysis, and scores on the BPI, DASS-21, as well as diagnostic group were considered using binary logistic analysis. Results Use of different pain metaphors was not associated with pain intensity, however the extent to which pain interfered with daily life did have a relationship with use of metaphorical language. Preliminary support was found for an association between the use of certain pain metaphors and self-reported diagnostic categories, notably Endometriosis, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, and Neuropathic pain...
Naeli, A, Skentzos, M & Hronis, A 2022, 'The influence of members’ attachment style on group cohesion in substance use therapy groups', Discover Psychology, vol. 2, no. 1.
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AbstractGroup cohesion is an important factor in group therapy as it influences treatment outcomes and group processes. One’s attachment style has been found to impact experiences of group cohesion, however research into this relationship in substance use disorder (SUD) group treatment is lacking. This is of particular concern as insecure attachment presentations are more prevalent in this clinical population and group therapy is often treatment of choice. The current study sought to determine whether attachment style significantly predicted group cohesion. It also provided a qualitative exploration of factors that promote group cohesion in SUD group treatment. Participants (N = 38) attending a SUD therapy program completed self-report measures. Attachment avoidance was a significant negative predictor of positive bonding and positive working, and a significant positive predictor of negative relationships. Attachment anxiety was a significant negative predictor of negative relationships, however, unexpectedly did not significantly predict positive bonding or positive working. The current findings highlight the importance of group therapists tailoring group treatment to meet the attachment needs of individuals to promote a group therapy environment conducive to recovery.
Nery, LC, Junior, CCP, Saragiotto, BT, Scoz, RD, Marson, RA, Baltazar Mendes, JJ, Alves Ferreira, LM & Amorim, CF 2022, 'Prevalence and Profile of Musculoskeletal Injuries in High-Performance Professional Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Athletes', The Open Sports Sciences Journal, vol. 15, no. 1.
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Background Brazilian Jiu-jitsu (BJJ) has become popular over the past years; however, few studies investigated the prevalence of injuries in this martial art modality. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in BJJ competitors along with their profile and characteristics. Methods One-hundred fifteen athletes were included in this cross-sectional study. A hundred fifteen professional high-performance athletes were selected from twenty-five BJJ gyms in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Descriptive analyses were used to demonstrate the athlete’s individual characteristics, and the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test was used to assess the significant differences between the number of injuries categorized by athlete’s belt or performance level category. Additionally, the Fisher’s exact test was used to assess possible differences between frequency of total injuries and injuries per affected site among the belts. Results We observed an injury prevalence of 85.2%, in which knee (32.6%), shoulder (11.2%) and elbow (8.4%) were the most affected regions. We did not find any significant differences between the number of injuries and belt classification (p=0.093) or for the frequency of total injuries per anatomical region among belt classification (p=0.121). Most injuries occurred during training (74%), and the main reason for time loss from training activities was due to trau...
Newson, AJ & Dive, L 2022, 'Taking seriousness seriously in genomic health', European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 140-141.
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Newson, AJ, Dive, L, Cini, J, Hurley, E & Farrar, MA 2022, 'Ethical aspects of the changing landscape for spinal muscular atrophy management in Australia', Australian Journal of General Practice, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 131-135.
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BACKGROUND: New methods of detecting and treating spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are now available, and the Australian SMA landscape is rapidly changing. These various interventions can be increasingly complex to navigate for both healthcare professionals and at-risk families. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to describe how recent developments in SMA testing and treatment give rise to ethical considerations. DISCUSSION: Ethical issues in SMA detection and treatment arise for both individual interventions and how they integrate. A patient-centred approach can help general practitioners to navigate these issues.
Newton-John, T 2022, 'Extending the biopsychosocial conceptualisation of chronic post surgical pain in children and adolescents: The family systems perspective', Canadian Journal of Pain, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 142-151.
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Nic Giolla Easpaig, B, Tran, Y, Winata, T, Lamprell, K, Fajardo Pulido, D, Arnolda, G, Delaney, GP, Liauw, W, Smith, K, Avery, S, Rigg, K, Westbrook, J, Olver, I, Currow, D, Karnon, J, Ward, RL & Braithwaite, J 2022, 'The complexities, coordination, culture and capacities that characterise the delivery of oncology services in the common areas of ambulatory settings', BMC Health Services Research, vol. 22, no. 1.
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AbstractBackgroundRelatively little is understood about real-world provision of oncology care in ambulatory outpatient clinics (OPCs). This study aimed to: 1) develop an understanding of behaviours and practices inherent in the delivery of cancer services in OPC common areas by characterising the organisation and implementation of this care; and 2) identify barriers to, and facilitators of, the delivery of this care in OPC common areas.MethodsA purpose-designed ethnographic study was employed in four public hospital OPCs. Informal field scoping activities were followed by in-situ observations, key informant interviews and document review. A view of OPCs as complex adaptive systems was used as a scaffold for the data collection and interpretation, with the intent of understanding ‘work as done’. Data were analysed using an adapted “Qualitative Rapid Appraisal, Rigorous Analysis” approach.ResultsField observations were conducted over 135 h, interviews over 6.5 h and documents were reviewed. Analysis found six themes. Staff working in OPCs see themselves as part of small local teams and as part of a broader multidisciplinary care team. Professional role boundaries could be unclear in practice, as duties expanded to meet demand or to stop patients “falling through the cracks.” Formal care processes in OPCs were supported by relationships, social capital and informal, but invaluable, institutional expertise. Features of the clinic layout, such as the proximity of departments, affected professional interactions. Staff were aware of inter- and intra-service communication difficulties and employed strategies to minimise negative impacts on patients. We found that complexity, coordination, culture and capacity underpin the themes that characterise this care provision.
O'Brian, S, Jones, M, Packman, A, Onslow, M, Menzies, R, Lowe, R, Cream, A, Hearne, A, Hewat, S, Harrison, E, Block, S & Briem, A 2022, 'The Complexity of Stuttering Behavior in Adults and Adolescents: Relationship to Age, Severity, Mental Health, Impact of Stuttering, and Behavioral Treatment Outcome', Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, vol. 65, no. 7, pp. 2446-2458.
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Purpose:This study investigated the complexity of stuttering behavior. It described and classified the complexity of stuttering behavior in relation to age, behavioral treatment outcomes, stuttering severity, anxiety-related mental health, impact of stuttering, and gender.Method:For this study, a taxonomy was developed—LBDL-C7—which was based on the Lidcombe Behavioral Data Language of stuttering. It was used by five experienced judges to analyze the complexity of stuttering behavior for 84 adults and adolescents before and after speech restructuring treatment. Data were 3,100 stuttering moments, which were analyzed with nominal logistic regression.Results:The complexity of stuttering behavior appears not to change as a result of treatment, but it does appear to change with advancing age. Complexity of stuttering behavior was found to be independently associated with clinician stuttering severity scores but not with percentage of syllables stuttered or self-reported stuttering severity. Complexity of stuttering behavior was not associated with gender, anxiety, or impact of stuttering.Conclusion:Clinical and research applications of these findings are discussed.
O'Brian, S, Onslow, M, Jones, M, Lowe, R, Packman, A & Menzies, R 2022, 'Comparison of Stuttering Severity and Anxiety During Standard and Challenge Phone Calls', Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 982-990.
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Purpose: This study was designed to answer three questions. (a) Does percentage of syllables stuttered (%SS) differ between standard and challenge phone calls. (b) Does anxiety differ between standard and challenge phone calls. (c) Is there a relationship between %SS and anxiety during standard and challenge phone calls? Method: Participants were 230 adults diagnosed with stuttering, who were participants from five clinical trials. Each participant received two 10-min phone calls at pretreatment and a further two phone calls 6 months or 20 weeks postrandomization. One phone call was standard, and the other presented challenge: occasionally disagreeing with, interrupting, and talking over participants, or asking for clarification of their views. Results: Statistically significant, but clinically minor, increases of %SS and anxiety occurred during the challenge phone calls. There was a statistically significant association between %SS and anxiety. Conclusions: Variable phone call procedures to assess stuttering severity in clinical trials are not likely to spuriously inflate or deflate treatment outcomes to a clinically important extent. Regardless, the present results suggest that there is statistical merit in controlling the nature of phone calls during clinical trials with the simple and replicable method developed in this report. Additionally, there is procedural merit in the challenge phone call procedure; it is a more valid representation of the challenges of everyday speech than the standard procedure. However, a disadvantage of the challenge phone call procedu...
Ong, K-L, Cochran, BJ, Manandhar, B, Thomas, S & Rye, K-A 2022, 'HDL maturation and remodelling', Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, vol. 1867, no. 4, pp. 159119-159119.
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Cholesterol in the circulation is mostly transported in an esterified form as a component of lipoproteins. The majority of these cholesteryl esters are produced in nascent, discoidal high density lipoproteins (HDLs) by the enzyme, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). Discoidal HDLs are discrete populations of particles that consist of a phospholipid bilayer, the hydrophobic acyl chains of which are shielded from the aqueous environment by apolipoproteins that also confer water solubility on the particles. The progressive LCAT-mediated accumulation of cholesteryl esters in discoidal HDLs generates the spherical HDLs that predominate in normal human plasma. Spherical HDLs contain a core of water insoluble, neutral lipids (cholesteryl esters and triglycerides) that is surrounded by a surface monolayer of phospholipids with which apolipoproteins associate. Although spherical HDLs all have the same basic structure, they are extremely diverse in size, composition, and function. This review is concerned with how the biogenesis of discoidal and spherical HDLs is regulated and the mechanistic basis of their size and compositional heterogeneity. Current understanding of the impact of this heterogeneity on the therapeutic potential of HDLs of varying size and composition is also addressed in the context of several disease states.
Paap, D, Karel, YHJM, Verhagen, AP, Dijkstra, PU, Geertzen, JHB & Pool, G 2022, 'The Working Alliance Inventory's Measurement Properties: A Systematic Review', Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 13, pp. 1-19.
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Measurement properties of the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) and its various translations and adaptations for specific target groups have been investigated for over 30 years. No systematic review analyzing studies on measurement properties of the WAI has been conducted to date. COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurements INstruments (COSMIN) were developed for conducting high-quality systematic reviews on measurement properties in a transparent and standardized way. Aim of this study was to systematically review studies on measurement properties of the WAI, and its adapted versions, within psychotherapy, and other healthcare contexts using COSMIN criteria. PsycINFO, Medline, and EMBASE were searched (1989–2021). In all phases of the review procedure, study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, rating of the quality of measurement properties, and rating of the quality of evidence for measurement properties, disagreement between reviewers was resolved by discussion. Results on validity, internal structure, reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness were analyzed. In total 66 studies were included. In most studies, evidence for measurement properties was according to COSMIN criteria, insufficient, lacking, or conflicting. Content validity was rated insufficient because neither patients nor healthcare professionals were involved in the development and validation process. Hence evidence for content validity of the WAI is unknown. Conflicting evidence was found for structural validity. Evidence for internal consistency could not be established. Limited evidence was found for inter-rater reliability and convergent validity. Conflicting evidence was also found for test-retest reliability and divergent validity. COSMIN criteria exposed persistent problems in validation studies of the WAI. These findings may indicate that measurement properties of the WAI are not up to current standards, or that COSMIN crit...
Packman, A, Onslow, M, Lagopoulos, J, Shan, ZY, Lowe, R, Jones, M, O'Brian, S & Sommer, M 2022, 'White matter connectivity in neonates at risk of stuttering: Preliminary data', Neuroscience Letters, vol. 781, pp. 136655-136655.
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BACKGROUND: Developmental stuttering is thought to be underpinned by structural impairments in the brain. The only way to support the claim that these are causal is to determine if they are present before onset. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted on 18 neonates, aged 8-18 weeks, 6 of whom were determined to be genetically at risk of stuttering. RESULTS: With tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis, no statistically significant differences were found between the at-risk group and the control group. However, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and radial diffusivity (RD) in the corpus callosum of the at-risk group were lower (uncorrected) than in the control group. Automated Fiber Quantification (AFQ) yielded lower FA in the at-risk group than in the control group in the medial section of the callosum forceps minor. DISCUSSION: The findings, albeit with a small number of participants, support the proposition that reduced integrity of white matter in the corpus callosum has a causal role in developmental stuttering. Longitudinal research to determine if children with this impairment at birth later start to stutter is needed to confirm this. The left arcuate fasciculus is thought to develop as speech develops, which likely explains why there were no abnormal findings in this area in our at-risk neonates so soon after birth. This is the first study to investigate the brains of children before the onset of stuttering, and the findings warrant further research.
Pandian, V, Hopkins, BS, Yang, CJ, Ward, E, Sperry, ED, Khalil, O, Gregson, P, Bonakdar, L, Messer, J, Messer, S, Chessels, G, Bosworth, B, Randall, DM, Freeman-Sanderson, A, McGrath, BA & Brenner, MJ 2022, 'Amplifying patient voices amid pandemic: Perspectives on tracheostomy care, communication, and connection', American Journal of Otolaryngology, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 103525-103525.
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Pate, JW, Joslin, R, Hurtubise, K & Anderson, DB 2022, 'Assessing a child or adolescent with low back pain is different to assessing an adult with low back pain', Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 566-571.
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In contrast to an assessment of an adult presenting with low back pain (LBP), clinicians should utilise different approaches when assessing children and adolescents presenting with LBP. Children are not ‘little adults’. There are some unique pathologies that only occur in this age group: (i) serious pathologies include infection, fracture, child abuse and malignancy; (ii) growth‐related pathologies include scoliosis, Scheuermann's disease, pars fracture and spondylolysis; and (iii) rheumatological conditions include juvenile idiopathic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. With changes in each child occurring physically, emotionally and socially, a clinician's knowledge of typical developmental milestones is essential to identify regression or delayed development. When listening to a child discuss their pain experience, a flexible structure should be implemented that gives the capacity to actively listen to a child's narrative (and that of their guardian) and to conduct an effective physical examination. This viewpoint also summarises the relationship between potential clinical diagnoses and key elements of a physical examination. Deciding on the type and timing of paediatric‐specific physical examination tests requires unique child‐centred considerations. Paediatric‐specific outcome measures should be used but implemented pragmatically, with consideration regarding the time, complexity and pathology suspected. Systematic and rigorous approaches to both treatment planning and re‐assessment are then proposed for the assessment of children and adolescents presenting with LBP.
Patel, VK, Paudel, KR, Shukla, SD, Liu, G, Oliver, BG, Hansbro, PM & Dua, K 2022, 'Toll-like receptors, innate immune system, and lung diseases: a vital trilateral association.', EXCLI J, vol. 21, pp. 519-523.
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Paudel, KR, De Rubis, G, Panth, N, Singh, SK, Chellappan, DK, Hansbro, PM & Dua, K 2022, 'Nanomedicine and medicinal plants: Emerging symbiosis in managing lung diseases and associated infections.', EXCLI J, vol. 21, pp. 1299-1303.
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Paudel, KR, Mehta, M, Shukla, SD, Panth, N, Chellappan, DK, Dua, K & Hansbro, P 2022, 'Advancements in nanotherapeutics targeting senescence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', Nanomedicine, vol. 17, no. 23, pp. 1757-1760.
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Paudel, KR, Mehta, M, Yin, GHS, Yen, LL, Malyla, V, Patel, VK, Panneerselvam, J, Madheswaran, T, MacLoughlin, R, Jha, NK, Gupta, PK, Singh, SK, Gupta, G, Kumar, P, Oliver, BG, Hansbro, PM, Chellappan, DK & Dua, K 2022, 'Berberine-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles inhibit non-small cell lung cancer proliferation and migration in vitro', Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 29, no. 31, pp. 46830-46847.
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AbstractNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is reported to have a high incidence rate and is one of the most prevalent types of cancer contributing towards 85% of all incidences of lung cancer. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid which offers a broad range of therapeutical and pharmacological actions against cancer. However, extremely low water solubility and poor oral bioavailability have largely restricted its therapeutic applications. To overcome these limitations, we formulated berberine-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNs) and investigated their in vitro antiproliferative and antimigratory activity in human lung epithelial cancer cell line (A549). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), trypan blue staining, and colony forming assays were used to evaluate the anti-proliferative activity, while scratch wound healing assay and a modified Boyden chamber assay were carried out to determine the anti-migratory activity. We also investigated major proteins associated with lung cancer progression. The developed nanoparticles were found to have an average particle size of 181.3 nm with spherical shape, high entrapment efficiency (75.35%) and have shown sustained release behaviour. The most remarkable findings reported with berberine-loaded LCNs were significant suppression of proliferation, inhibition of colony formation, inhibition of invasion or migration via epithelial mesenchymal transition, and proliferation related proteins associated with cancer progression. Our findings suggest that anti-cancer compounds with the problem of poor solubility and bioavailability can be overcome by formulating them into nanotechnology-based delivery systems for better efficacy. Further in-depth investigations into anti-cancer mechanistic research will expand and strengthen the current findings of berberine-LCNs as a potential NSCLC treatment option.
Paudel, KR, Patel, V, Vishwas, S, Gupta, S, Sharma, S, Chan, Y, Jha, NK, Shrestha, J, Imran, M, Panth, N, Shukla, SD, Jha, SK, Devkota, HP, Warkiani, ME, Singh, SK, Ali, MK, Gupta, G, Chellappan, DK, Hansbro, PM & Dua, K 2022, 'Nutraceuticals and COVID‐19: A mechanistic approach toward attenuating the disease complications', Journal of Food Biochemistry, vol. 46, no. 12, p. e14445.
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Nutraceuticals have emerged as potential compounds to attenuate the COVID-19 complications. Precisely, these food additives strengthen the overall COVID treatment and enhance the immunity of a person. Such compounds have been used at a large scale, in almost every household due to their better affordability and easy access. Therefore, current research is focused on developing newer advanced formulations from potential drug candidates including nutraceuticals with desirable properties viz, affordability, ease of availability, ease of administration, stability under room temperature, and potentially longer shelf-lives. As such, various nutraceutical-based products such as compounds could be promising agents for effectively managing COVID-19 symptoms and complications. Most importantly, regular consumption of such nutraceuticals has been shown to boost the immune system and prevent viral infections. Nutraceuticals such as vitamins, amino acids, flavonoids like curcumin, and probiotics have been studied for their role in the prevention of COVID-19 symptoms such as fever, pain, malaise, and dry cough. In this review, we have critically reviewed the potential of various nutraceutical-based therapeutics for the management of COVID-19. We searched the information relevant to our topic from search engines such as PubMed and Scopus using COVID-19, nutraceuticals, probiotics, and vitamins as a keyword. Any scientific literature published in a language other than English was excluded. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Nutraceuticals possess both nutritional values and medicinal properties. They can aid in the prevention and treatment of diseases, as well as promote physical health and the immune system, normalizing body functions, and improving longevity. Recently, nutraceuticals such as probiotics, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, trace minerals, and medicinal plants have attracted considerable attention and are widely regarded as potential alternatives to current the...
Peñarrubia‐María, MT, Gil‐Girbau, M, Gallardo‐González, MC, Aznar‐Lou, I, Serrano‐Blanco, A, Mendive Arbeloa, JM, Garcia‐Cardenas, V, Sánchez‐Viñas, A & Rubio‐Valera, M 2022, 'Non‐initiation of prescribed medication from a Spanish health professionals' perspective: A qualitative exploration based on Grounded Theory', Health & Social Care in the Community, vol. 30, no. 1.
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Penm, J, Narayan, S, Alffenaar, J, Johnson, JL, Mirkov, S, Page, AT, Pont, LG & Patanwala, AE 2022, 'A benchmarking scoping review of research output from hospital pharmacy departments in Australia', Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 275-282.
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AbstractAimTo benchmark annual research output from hospital pharmacy departments in Australian principal referral hospitals.Data sourcesEmbase, Medline, and Scopus.Study selectionAll 29 principal referral hospitals listed by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare were searched using the institution field from 2018–2020. Articles were included if an author was affiliated with a hospital pharmacy department. Conference abstracts, letters, narrative reviews, opinions, commentaries, or editorials were excluded.ResultsA total of 261 research articles were identified from 27 principal referral hospital pharmacy departments from 2018–2020. Median research output over 3 years was five (interquartile range, 3–9) articles. In terms of annual research, hospital pharmacy departments in the 50th and 90th percentile for total publication output published two and ten original research articles every year, respectively. Overall, 56% (n = 145) of the published studies were observational, 35% (n = 90) had a first author with a pharmacy department affiliation, 97% (n = 252) had at least one author with a university affiliation, and in 5% (n = 12) of the articles there was more than one hospital pharmacy department affiliation.ConclusionOn average, hospital pharmacy departments in Australian principal referral hospitals publish two original research articles every year. Nearly all of these articles are published in collaborations with universities.
Penm, J, Narayan, S, Alffenaar, J, Johnson, JL, Mirkov, S, Page, AT, Pont, LG & Patanwala, AE 2022, 'Response from Authors: a benchmarking scoping review of research output from hospital pharmacy departments in Australia', Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 406-407.
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Penney, E, Reynolds, J, Knott, V & Green, H 2022, 'Lessons from 2020: practical and clinical aspects of rapid telepsychology adoption in clinical psychology postgraduate programs', Australian Psychologist, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 161-166.
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Penney, ES & Norton, AR 2022, 'A Novel Application of the Schema Therapy Mode Model for Social Anxiety Disorder: A Naturalistic Case Study', Clinical Case Studies, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 34-47.
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Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a condition defined by an excessive and persistent fear of negative evaluation in social or performance situations. Whilst Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is the gold standard treatment, not all individuals with SAD respond to CBT. The Schema Therapy Mode Model is frequently applied to chronic and hard-to-treat conditions and therefore may be applicable for SAD individuals who are non-responders to CBT. This case study describes how the Mode Model was successfully used to treat a woman in her 20s who presented with excessive fears of negative evaluation and pervasive social avoidance. Experiential techniques, such as chair dialogues and imagery rescripting, resulted in cognitive modification of negative core beliefs, reduced experiential discomfort and increased engagement in social and relational activities. This case offers a preliminary indication that the Schema Therapy Mode Model may be an effective treatment for socially anxious individuals and that further theoretical and empirical study in this area is warranted.
Pérez-Escamilla, B, Benrimoj, SI, Martínez-Martínez, F, Gastelurrutia, MÁ, Varas-Doval, R, Musial-Gabrys, K & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2022, 'Using network analysis to explore factors moderating the implementation of a medication review service in community pharmacy', Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 2432-2443.
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Background
Implementation factors are hypothesised to moderate the implementation of innovations. Although individual barriers and facilitators have been identified for the implementation of different evidence-based services in pharmacy, relationships between implementation factors are usually not considered.Objectives
To examine how a network of implementation factors and the position of each factor within this network structure influences the implementation of a medication review service in community pharmacy.Methods
A mixed methods approach was used. Medication review with follow-up service was the innovation to be implemented over 12 months in community pharmacies. A network analysis to model relationships between implementation factors was undertaken. Two networks were created.Results
Implementation factors hindering the service implementation with the highest centrality measures were time, motivation, recruitment, individual identification with the organization and personal characteristics of the pharmacists. Three hundred and sixty-nine different interrelationships between implementation factors were identified. Important causal relationships between implementation factors included: workflow-time; characteristics of the pharmacy-time; personal characteristics of the pharmacists-motivation. Implementation factors facilitating the implementation of the service with highest centrality scores were motivation, individual identification with the organization, beliefs, adaptability, recruitment, external support and leadership. Four hundred and fifty-six different interrelationships were identified. The important causal relationships included: motivation-external support; structure-characteristics of the pharmacy; demographics-location of the pharmacy.Conclusion
Network analysis has proven to be a useful technique to explore networks of factors moderating the implementation of a pharmacy service. Relationships were complex ...
Peters, R, van Trijffel, E, van Rosmalen, J, Mutsaers, B, Pool-Goudzwaard, A, Verhagen, A & Koes, B 2022, 'Non-serious adverse events do not influence recovery in patients with neck pain treated with manual therapy; an observational study', Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, vol. 61, pp. 102607-102607.
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Phillips, JR, Matar, E, Ehgoetz Martens, KA, Moustafa, AA, Halliday, GM & Lewis, SJG 2022, 'An Adaptive Measure of Visuospatial Impairment in Dementia with Lewy Bodies', Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 619-627.
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ABSTRACTBackgroundDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common cause of dementia with poor prognosis and high hospitalization rates. DLB is frequently misdiagnosed, with clinical features that overlap significantly with other diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinical instruments that discriminate and track the progression of cognitive impairment in DLB are needed.ObjectivesThe current study was designed to assess the utility of a mental rotation (MR) task for assessing visuospatial impairments in early DLB.MethodsAccuracy of 22 DLB patients, 22 PD patients and 22 age‐matched healthy controls in the MR task were compared at comparing shapes with 0°, 45° and 90° rotations.ResultsHealthy controls and PD patients performed at similar levels while the DLB group were significantly impaired. Further, impairment in the visuospatial and executive function measures correlated with MR poor outcomes.ConclusionThese findings support the MR task as an objective measure of visuospatial impairment with the ability to adjust difficulty to suit impairments in a DLB population. This would be a useful tool within clinical trials.
Phillips, JR, Matar, E, Ehgoetz Martens, KA, Moustafa, AA, Halliday, GM & Lewis, SJG 2022, 'Exploring the Sensitivity of Prodromal Dementia with Lewy Bodies Research Criteria', Brain Sciences, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 1594-1594.
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Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is an insidious neurodegenerative disease characterised by a precipitous decline in cognition, sleep disturbances, motor impairment and psychiatric features. Recently, criteria for prodromal DLB (pDLB) including clinical features and biomarkers have been put forward to aid the classification and research of this ambiguous cohort of patients. Researchers can use these criteria to classify patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) as either possible (either one core clinical feature or one biomarker are present) or probable pDLB (at least two core clinical features, or one core clinical feature and at least one biomarker present). However, as isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) confirmed with polysomnography (PSG) can be included as both a clinical and a biomarker feature, potentially reducing the specificity of these diagnostic criteria. To address this issue, the current study classified a cohort of 47 PSG-confirmed iRBD patients as probable prodromal DLB only in the presence of an additional core feature or if there was an additional non-PSG biomarker. Thirteen iRBD patients demonstrated MCI (iRBD-MCI). In the iRBD-MCI group, one presented with parkinsonism and was thus classified as probable pDLB, whilst the remaining 12 were classified as only possible pDLB. All patients performed three tasks designed to measure attentional deficits, visual hallucinations and visuospatial impairment. Patients also attended clinical follow-ups to monitor for transition to DLB or another synucleinopathy. Findings indicated that the only patient categorised by virtue of having two core clinical features as probable pDLB transitioned over 28 months to a diagnosis of DLB. The performance of this probable pDLB patient was also ranked second-highest for their hallucinatory behaviours and had comparatively lower visuospatial accuracy. These findings highlight the need for more stringent diagnostic...
Piquer-Martinez, C, Urionagüena, A, Benrimoj, SI, Calvo, B, Martinez-Martinez, F, Fernandez-Llimos, F, Garcia-Cardenas, V & Gastelurrutia, MA 2022, 'Integration of community pharmacy in primary health care: The challenge', Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 3444-3447.
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Prasher, P, Sharma, M, Singh, SK, Haghi, M, MacLoughlin, R, Chellappan, DK, Gupta, G, Paudel, KR, Hansbro, PM, George Oliver, BG, Wich, PR & Dua, K 2022, 'Advances and applications of dextran-based nanomaterials targeting inflammatory respiratory diseases', Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, vol. 74, pp. 103598-103598.
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Purvis, T, Busingye, D, Andrew, NE, Kilkenny, MF, Thrift, AG, Li, JC, Cameron, J, Thijs, V, Hackett, ML, Kneebone, I, Lannin, NA & Cadilhac, DA 2022, 'Mixed methods evaluation to explore participant experiences of a pilot randomized trial to facilitate self‐management of people living with stroke: Inspiring virtual enabled resources following vascular events (iVERVE)', Health Expectations, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 2570-2581.
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AbstractIntroductionDespite digital health tools being popular for supporting self‐management of chronic diseases, little research has been undertaken on stroke. We developed and pilot tested, using a randomized controlled design, a multicomponent digital health programme, known as Inspiring Virtual Enabled Resources following Vascular Events (iVERVE), to improve self‐management after stroke. The 4‐week trial incorporated facilitated person‐centred goal setting, with those in the intervention group receiving electronic messages aligned to their goals, versus limited administrative messages for the control group. In this paper, we describe the participant experience of the various components involved with the iVERVE trial.MethodsMixed method design: satisfaction surveys (control and intervention) and a focus group interview (purposively selected intervention participants). Experiences relating to goal setting and overall trial satisfaction were obtained from intervention and control participants, with feedback on the electronic message component from intervention participants. Inductive thematic analysis was used for interview data and open‐text responses, and closed questions were summarized descriptively. Triangulation of data allowed participants' perceptions to be explored in depth.ResultsOverall, 27/54 trial participants completed the survey (13 intervention: 52%; 14 control: 48%); and 5/8 invited participants in the intervention group attended the focus group. Goal setting: The approach was considered comprehensive, with the involvement of health professionals in the process helpful in developing realistic, meaningful and person‐centred goals. Electronic messages (intervention): Messages were perceived as...
Quetglas-Llabrés, MM, Quispe, C, Herrera-Bravo, J, Catarino, MD, Pereira, OR, Cardoso, SM, Dua, K, Chellappan, DK, Pabreja, K, Satija, S, Mehta, M, Sureda, A, Martorell, M, Satmbekova, D, Yeskaliyeva, B, Sharifi-Rad, J, Rasool, N, Butnariu, M, Bagiu, IC, Bagiu, RV, Calina, D & Cho, WC 2022, 'Pharmacological Properties of Bergapten: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Aspects', Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, vol. 2022, pp. 1-10.
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Bergapten (BP) or 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) is a furocoumarin compound mainly found in bergamot essential oil but also in other citrus essential oils and grapefruit juice. This compound presents antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hypolipemic, and anticancer effects and is successfully used as a photosensitizing agent. The present review focuses on the research evidence related to the therapeutic properties of bergapten collected in recent years. Many preclinical and in vitro studies have been evidenced the therapeutic action of BP; however, few clinical trials have been carried out to evaluate its efficacy. These clinical trials with BP are mainly focused on patients suffering from skin disorders such as psoriasis or vitiligo. In these trials, the administration of BP (oral or topical) combined with UV irradiation induces relevant lesion clearance rates. In addition, beneficial effects of bergamot extract were also observed in patients with altered serum lipid profiles and in people with nonalcoholic fatty liver. On the contrary, there are no clinical trials that investigate the possible effects on cancer. Although the bioavailability of BP is lower than that of its 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) isomer, it has fewer side effects allowing higher concentrations to be administered. In conclusion, although the use of BP has therapeutic applications on skin disorders as a sensitizing agent and as components of bergamot extract as hypolipemic therapy, more trials are necessary to define the doses and treatment guidelines and its usefulness against other pathologies such as cancer or bacterial infections.
Rahman, B, McEwen, A, Phillips, JL, Tucker, K, Goldstein, D & Jacobs, C 2022, 'Genetic and genomic learning needs of oncologists and oncology nurses in the era of precision medicine: a scoping review', Personalized Medicine, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 139-153.
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Genetic and genomic data are increasingly guiding clinical care for cancer patients. To meet the growing demand for precision medicine, patient-facing oncology staff will be a part of leading the provision of genomic testing. A scoping review was undertaken to identify the range of genetic and genomic learning needs of oncologists and oncology nurses. Learning needs were reported relating to interpretation of genomic data, clinical decision-making, patient communication and counseling, and fundamentals of genetics and genomics. There was a lack of empirical research specific to oncology nurses and their learning needs in tumor sequencing. Our findings suggest that oncologists and oncology nurses need tailored support, education and training to improve their confidence and skills in adopting genomic testing into clinical practice.
Reddacliff, C, Hemsley, B, Smith, R, Dalton, S, Jones, S, Fitzpatrick, A, Given, F, Kelly, J, Lawson, X, Darcy, S, Debono, D, Benfer, K & Balandin, S 2022, 'Examining the Content and Outcomes of Training in Dysphagia and Mealtime Management: A Systematic Review Informing Co-Design of New Training', American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 1535-1552.
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Purpose: Dysphagia (swallowing difficulty) impacts physical health, quality of life, and mealtime enjoyment. Staff who provide mealtime assistance to people with dysphagia require adequate training to help ensure that the mealtimes are safe and enjoyable. This systematic review examined literature relating to training in dysphagia (e.g., recognizing signs and symptoms) and mealtime assistance, its components, and benefits for people with dysphagia. Method: In July 2020, five scientific databases were searched for papers meeting the inclusion criteria relating to mealtime assistance training. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies of Diverse Design, with scores ranging from 38.1% to 83.3%. We completed a qualitative synthesis using the data extracted from the included studies. Results: Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Participants in these studies benefited from both group training and one-on-one training. Training programs had many formats including computer-based, face-to-face, individual training, and group training. Each included study demonstrated some level of positive impact to the learners, such as improved knowledge and skills in mealtime management for people with dysphagia. No studies reported negative outcomes. Training duration ranged from 30 min to 5 days. Conclusions: The benefits of different components of mealtime training (e.g., group training, or face-to-face training) for mealtime assistance for people with dysphagia were reviewed. Further research is needed to compare the effectivenes...
Reisel, D, Burnell, M, Side, L, Loggenberg, K, Gessler, S, Desai, R, Sanderson, S, Brady, AF, Dorkins, H, Wallis, Y, Jacobs, C, Legood, R, Beller, U, Tomlinson, I, Wardle, J, Menon, U, Jacobs, I & Manchanda, R 2022, 'Jewish cultural and religious factors and uptake of population‐based BRCA testing across denominations: a cohort study', BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, vol. 129, no. 6, pp. 959-968.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of Jewish cultural and religious identity and denominational affiliation with interest in, intention to undertake and uptake of population‐based BRCA (Breast Cancer Gene)‐testing.DesignCohort‐study set within recruitment to GCaPPS‐trial (ISRCTN73338115).SettingLondon Ashkenazi‐Jewish (AJ) population.Population or sampleAJ men and women, >18 years.MethodsParticipants were self‐referred, and attended recruitment clinics (clusters) for pre‐test counselling. Subsequently consenting individuals underwent BRCA testing. Participants self‐identified to one Jewish denomination: Conservative/Liberal/Reform/Traditional/Orthodox/Unaffiliated. Validated scales measured Jewish Cultural‐Identity (JI) and Jewish Religious‐identity (JR). Four‐item Likert‐scales analysed initial ‘interest’ and ‘intention to test’ pre‐counselling. Item‐Response‐Theory and graded‐response models, modelled responses to JI and JR scales. Ordered/multinomial logistic regression modelling evaluated association of JI‐scale, JR‐scale and Jewish Denominational affiliation on interest, intention and uptake of BRCA testing.Main outcome measuresInterest, intention, uptake of BRCA testing.ResultsIn all, 935 AJ women/men of mean age = 53.8 (S.D = 15.02) years, received pre‐test education and counselling through 256 recruitment clinic clusters (median cluster size = 3). Denominational affiliations included Conservative/Masorti = 91 (10.2%); Lib...
Rheel, E, Heathcote, LC, van der Werff ten Bosch, J, Schulte, F & Pate, JW 2022, 'Pain science education for children living with and beyond cancer: Challenges and research agenda', Pediatric Blood & Cancer, vol. 69, no. 8.
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AbstractPain in children living with and beyond cancer is understudied and undertreated. Pain science education (PSE) is a conceptual change strategy facilitating patients’ understanding of the biopsychosocial aspects of pain. Preliminary studies on the adaptation of PSE interventions to adults with and beyond cancer provide a foundation for pediatric research. PSE could help childhood cancer survivors experiencing persistent pain and pain‐related worry after active treatment. PSE may also help children receiving cancer treatment, providing them with a foundation of adaptive pain beliefs and cognitions, and preparing them for procedural and treatment‐related pain. We direct this paper toward pediatric oncology clinicians, policy makers, and researchers working with children living with and beyond cancer. We aim to (a) identify challenges in adapting PSE for children living with and beyond cancer, (b) offer possible solutions, and (c) propose research questions to guide the implementation of PSE for children living with and beyond cancer.
Richardson, E, McEwen, A, Newton-John, T, Crook, A & Jacobs, C 2022, 'Correction: Incorporating patient perspectives in the development of a core outcome set for reproductive genetic carrier screening: a sequential systematic review', European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 866-867.
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In Fig. 2 of this article, there is no references included; the figure should have appeared as shown below.
Richardson, E, McEwen, A, Newton-John, T, Crook, A & Jacobs, C 2022, 'Incorporating patient perspectives in the development of a core outcome set for reproductive genetic carrier screening: a sequential systematic review', European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 756-765.
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AbstractThere is currently no consensus on the key outcomes of reproductive genetic carrier screening (RGCS). This has led to a large amount of variability in approaches to research, limiting direct comparison and synthesis of findings. In a recently published systematic review of quantitative studies on RGCS, we found that few studies incorporated patient-reported outcomes. In response to this gap, we conducted a sequential systematic review of qualitative studies to identify outcomes exploring the patient experience of RGCS. In conjunction with the review of quantitative studies, these outcomes will be used to inform the development of a core outcome set. Text excerpts relevant to outcomes, including quotes and themes, were extracted verbatim and deductively coded as outcomes. We conducted a narrative synthesis to group outcomes within domains previously defined in our review of quantitative studies, and identify any new domains that were unique to qualitative studies. Seventy-eight outcomes were derived from qualitative studies and grouped into 19 outcome domains. Three new outcome domains were identified; ‘goals of pre- and post-test genetic counselling’, ‘acceptability of further testing and alternative reproductive options’, and ‘perceived utility of RGCS’. The identification of outcome domains that were not identified in quantitative studies indicates that outcomes reflecting the patient perspective may be under-represented in the quantitative literature on this topic. Further work should focus on ensuring that outcomes reflect the real world needs and concerns of patients in order to maximise translation of research findings into clinical practice.
Richardson, E, McEwen, A, Newton-John, T, Crook, A & Jacobs, C 2022, 'Outcomes of Importance to Patients in Reproductive Genetic Carrier Screening: A Qualitative Study to Inform a Core Outcome Set', Journal of Personalized Medicine, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 1310-1310.
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There is significant heterogeneity in the outcomes assessed across studies of reproductive genetic carrier screening (RGCS). Only a small number of studies have measured patient-reported outcomes or included patients in the selection of outcomes that are meaningful to them. This study was a cross-sectional, qualitative study of 15 patient participants conducted to inform a core outcome set. A core outcome set is an approach to facilitate standardisation in outcome reporting, allowing direct comparison of outcomes across studies to enhance understanding of impacts and potential harms. The aim of this study was to incorporate the patient perspective in the development of a core outcome set by eliciting a detailed understanding of outcomes of importance to patients. Data were collected via online, semi-structured interviews using a novel method informed by co-design and the nominal group technique. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Outcomes elicited from patient stakeholder interviews highlighted several under-explored areas for future research. This includes the role of grief and loss in increased risk couples, the role of empowerment in conceptualising the utility of RGCS, the impact of societal context and barriers that contribute to negative experiences, and the role of genetic counselling in ensuring that information needs are met and informed choice facilitated as RGCS becomes increasingly routine. Future research should focus on incorporating outcomes that accurately reflect patient needs and experience.
Richardson, E, McEwen, A, Newton-John, T, Crook, A & Jacobs, C 2022, 'Systematic review of outcomes in studies of reproductive genetic carrier screening: Towards development of a core outcome set', Genetics in Medicine, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1-14.
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PURPOSE: Current practice recommendations support the widespread implementation of reproductive genetic carrier screening (RGCS). These consensus-based recommendations highlight a research gap, with findings from current studies being insufficient to meet the standard required for more rigorous evidence-based recommendations. This systematic review assessed methodological aspects of studies on RGCS to inform the need for a core outcome set. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search to identify peer-reviewed published studies offering population-based RGCS. Study designs, outcomes, and measurement methods were extracted. A narrative synthesis was conducting using an existing outcome taxonomy and criteria used in the evaluation of genetic screening programs as frameworks. RESULTS: Sixty-five publications were included. We extracted 120 outcomes representing 24 outcome domains. Heterogeneity in outcome selection, measurement methods and time points of assessment was extensive. Quality appraisal raised concerns for bias. We found that reported outcomes had limited applicability to criteria used to evaluate genetic screening programs. CONCLUSION: Despite a large body of literature, diverse approaches to research have limited the conclusions that can be cumulatively drawn from this body of evidence. Consensus regarding meaningful outcomes for evaluation of RGCS would be a valuable first step in working towards evidence-based practice recommendations, supporting the development of a core outcome set.
Rietdijk, R, Power, E, Attard, M & Togher, L 2022, 'Acceptability of telehealth-delivered rehabilitation: Experiences and perspectives of people with traumatic brain injury and their carers', Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 122-134.
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Introduction Communication skills training for people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their carers is recommended best practice. Delivery via telehealth could improve access to this training. This paper focuses on the acceptability of telehealth delivery of communication skills training. Methods A mixed-methods investigation of acceptability of telehealth to people with TBI and their carers was incorporated into a clinical trial. Thirty-six people with TBI (23 metropolitan and 13 regional) and their carers were recruited. Metropolitan participants were randomly allocated to telehealth or in-person intervention at a 1:3 ratio. Regional participants were allocated to telehealth. Telehealth and in-person participants were compared on retention, time to complete the programme, home practice completion and therapeutic alliance ratings. Participants completed semi-structured interviews regarding their views on telehealth, which were analysed using thematic analysis. Results There were no significant differences between telehealth and in-person participants in retention rate, time to complete the programme, degree of home practice completion or therapeutic alliance ratings. Three themes were identified: ‘telehealth delivery opens a window for access to rehabilitation in the context of my daily life’, ‘in-person delivery offers rehabilitation based on natural human interaction’ and ‘weighing telehealth against in-person delivery’. Discussion Participants found telehealth delivery acceptable, as indicated by the similarity between groups in the quantitative process measures, and as reported in interviews. Some reported a preference for in-person delivery if there had been a choice of delivery mode. Participants described charact...
Righetti, S, Dive, L, Archibald, AD, Freeman, L, McClaren, B, Kanga-Parabia, A, Delatycki, MB, Laing, NG, Kirk, EP, Newson, AJ, Barlow-Stewart, K, Best, S, Boggs, K, Ebzery, C, Edwards, S, Fehlberg, Z, Fitzgerald, L, Halliday, J, Harrison, K, Kennedy, J, Long, J, Massie, J, Tutty, E, Allcock, R, Boggs, K, Caruana, J, Casella, R, Davis, M, Edwards, S, Hardy, T, Jelenich, S, Kennedy, J, Lunke, S, McGaughran, J & Ravenscroft, G 2022, 'Correspondence on “Screening for autosomal recessive and X-linked conditions during pregnancy and preconception: a practice resource of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG)” by Gregg et al', Genetics in Medicine, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 1158-1161.
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Rostami, R, Wells, R, Solaimani, J, Berle, D, Hadzi-Pavlovic, D, Silove, D, Nickerson, A, O'Donnell, M, Bryant, R, McFarlane, A & Steel, Z 2022, 'The mental health of Farsi-Dari speaking asylum-seeking children and parents facing insecure residency in Australia', The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, vol. 27, pp. 100548-100548.
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BACKGROUND: This research examined the mental health of a cohort of asylum-seeking children, adolescents and their primary caregiver affected by insecure residency while living in the community, compared to refugees and immigrants. METHODS: The project investigated the prevalence of psychosocial problems among Iranian and Afghani asylum seeker, refugee and immigrant children and adolescents, and their caregivers who arrived in Australia from 2010. In total, n=196 children and adolescents aged 5-18 years, and their primary caregiver were asked about family visa status, country of origin, level of education, parent symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire) and child wellbeing (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). An additional n=362 Farsi and Dari speaking children, recruited through the Building a New Life in Australia (BNLA) study, a national comparison sample of families with permanent refugee visas, were included. FINDINGS: Asylum seeker children and adolescents displayed significantly more psychosocial problems compared to those with full refugee protection and immigrant background within the current sample and when benchmarked against a national sample of Farsi-Dari speaking refugee children. Higher parental posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms was associated with poorer child and adolescent psychosocial functioning. This effect was more marked in families with insecure residency. INTERPRETATION: Insecure visa status is associated with higher rates of children's mental health problems and a stronger association with parental PTSD symptoms compared to children with secure residency. This raises important questions about Australia's restrictive immigration policies. FUNDING: This project was supported by an Australian Rotary Health Research Fund / Mental Health of Young Australians Research Grant and by the Australian Research Council (DP160104378).
Roux, L, Gustin, SM & Newton-John, TRO 2022, 'To persist or not to persist? The dilemma of goal adjustment in chronic pain', Pain, vol. 163, no. 5, pp. 820-823.
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Ryan, BJ, Clunne, SM, Baker, CJ, Shiggins, C, Rose, ML & Kneebone, II 2022, 'A systematic review of non-drug interventions to prevent and treat anxiety in people with aphasia after stroke', Disability and Rehabilitation, vol. 44, no. 18, pp. 4997-5006.
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Purpose
To investigate the effectiveness of non-drug interventions for people with aphasia in the prevention and/or treatment of anxiety post-stroke as either a primary or secondary outcome.
Materials and methods
A systematic search of Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library up to March 2021 was carried out. Studies of stroke populations were included if people with aphasia represented 25% or more of the enrolled participants. Quality of the evidence was assessed. A narrative synthesis of results is presented. The PROSPERO record ID for this study is 106451.
Results
Ten studies were included: five randomised controlled trials (RCTs), a single case experimental design, and four pre-post studies. The quality of the RCT trials was at least adequate but none demonstrated a benefit to anxiety outcomes. Those studies that reported benefit were of lower-level evidence with respect to National Health and Medical Research Classifications. No studies were found that evaluated the prevention of anxiety after stroke for people with aphasia.
Conclusion
Definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of non-drug interventions for the prevention and/or treatment of anxiety in people with aphasia post-stroke cannot be made. Interventions that may show promise for those with aphasia and symptoms of anxiety include mindfulness meditation, modified cognitive behaviour therapy, unilateral nostril breathing, and the 'Enhance Psychological Coping after Stroke' programme. Further high-quality research with better reporting of the inclusion of participants with aphasia and their specific sub-group results are required.Implications for RehabilitationIt is important for rehabilitation professionals to consider prevention of anxiety post-stroke as well as treatment.Mindfulness meditation, modified cognitive behavioural therapy, unilateral nostril breathing, and the and the 'Enhance Psychological Coping after Stroke' programme may be of benefit t...
Ryder, C, Holland, AJA, Mackean, T, Hunter, K, Rogers, K & Ivers, R 2022, 'In response to “Driving improved burns care and patient outcomes through clinical registry data: A review of quality indicators in the Burns Registry of Australia and New Zealand”', Burns, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 477-479.
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Sabet, T, Anderson, D, Stubbs, P, Buchbinder, R, Terwee, C, Chiarotto, A, Gagnier, J & Verhagen, A 2022, 'Identifying common core outcome domainsfrom core outcome sets of musculoskeletal conditions: protocol for a systematic review', Systematic Reviews, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-5.
Sabet, TS, Anderson, DB, Stubbs, PW, Buchbinder, R, Terwee, CB, Chiarotto, A, Gagnier, J & Verhagen, AP 2022, 'Identifying common core outcome domains from core outcome sets of musculoskeletal conditions: protocol for a systematic review', Systematic Reviews, vol. 11, no. 1.
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Abstract Background Core outcome sets (COSs) aim to reduce outcome heterogeneity in clinical practice and research by suggesting a minimum number of agreed-upon outcomes in clinical trials. Most COSs in the musculoskeletal field are developed for specific conditions. We propose that there are likely to be common core domains within existing musculoskeletal COSs that may be used as a starting point in the development of future COSs. We aim to identify common core domains from existing COSs and to facilitate the development of new COSs for musculoskeletal conditions. As a secondary aim, we will assess the development quality of these COSs. Methods A systematic review including musculoskeletal COSs. We will search Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) database, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Methodology Register and International Consortium for Health Outcome Measurement (ICHOM). Studies will be included if related to the development of a COS in adults with musculoskeletal conditions and for any type of intervention. Quality will be assessed using the Core Outcome Set-Standards for Development (COS-STAD) recommendations. Data extracted will include scope of the COS, health condition, interventions and outcome domains. Primary outcomes will be all core domains recommended within each COS. We define a common core outcome domain as one present in at least 67% of all COSs. All findings will be summarized and presented using descriptive statistics. Discussion This systematic review of COSs will describe the core domains recommended within each musculoskeletal COS. Common domains found may be used in the initial stages of develop...
Sanchez-Molina, AI, Benrimoj, SI, Ferri-Garcia, R, Martinez-Martinez, F, Gastelurrutia, MA & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2022, 'Development and validation of a tool to measure collaborative practice between community pharmacists and physicians from the perspective of community pharmacists: the professional collaborative practice tool', BMC Health Services Research, vol. 22, no. 1.
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AbstractBackgroundCollaborative practice between community pharmacists and physicians is becoming increasingly common. Although tools and models to explore collaborative practice between both health care professionals have been developed, very few have been validated for their use in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a tool for measuring collaborative practice between community pharmacists and physicians from the perspective of community pharmacists.MethodsThe DeVellis method was used to develop and validate the Professional Collaborative Practice Tool. A pool of 40 items with Likert frequency scales was generated based on previous literature and expert opinion. This study was undertaken in Spain. A sample of community pharmacists providing medication reviews with follow-up and a random sample of pharmacists providing usual care were invited to participate. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the tool’s reliability and content validity.ResultsThree hundred thirty-six pharmacists were invited with an overall response rate of 84.8%. The initial 40 items selected were reduced to 14 items. Exploratory Factor Analysis provided a 3-factor solution explaining 62% of the variance. Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed the three factors “Activation for collaborative professional practice,” the “Integration in collaborative professional practice,” and the “Professional acceptance in collaborative professional practice.” The tool demonstrated an adequate fit (X2/df = 1.657, GFI = 0.889 and RMSEA = 0.069) and good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.924).ConclusionsThe Professional Collaborative Practice Tool has sho...
Santos, VS, Kamper, SJ, Camargo, BIA, Leite, MN, Saragiotto, BT, Costa, LOP & Yamato, TP 2022, 'Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and measurement properties of the psychosomatic questionnaire for children and adolescents with musculoskeletal pain into Brazilian-Portuguese', Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 100399-100399.
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Santos, VS, Leite, MN, Camargo, BIA, Saragiotto, BT, Kamper, SJ & Yamato, TP 2022, 'Three in Every 10 School-aged Children in Brazil Report Back Pain in Any Given Year: 12-Month Prospective Cohort Study of Prevalence, Incidence, and Prognosis', Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 554-562.
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Saragiotto, BT, Sandal, LF & Hartvigsen, J 2022, 'Can you be a manual therapist without using your hands?', Chiropractic & Manual Therapies, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 48-48.
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Abstract Background To align with current best practices, manual therapists have refined their treatment options to include exercise and pain education for people with chronic musculoskeletal pain. In this commentary, we suggest that manual therapists should also add telehealth to their toolbox. Thus, we aim to discuss the use of telehealth by manual therapists caring for patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Main body Telehealth can be delivered to the patient in different modes, such as real-time clinical contact or asynchronously. Platforms vary from websites and smartphone apps to virtual reality systems. Telehealth may be an effective approach, especially for improving pain and function in people with musculoskeletal pain, and it has the potential to reduce the individual and socioeconomic burden of musculoskeletal conditions. However, the certainty of evidence reported in systematic reviews is often low. Factors such as convenience, flexibility, undivided attention from the clinician, user-friendly platforms, goal setting, and use of evidence-based information are all enablers for telehealth use and improving patients’ knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-management. Barriers to widening the use of telehealth in musculoskeletal care include the reliability of technology, data privacy issues, difficult to build therapeutic alliance, one-size-fits-all approaches, digital health literacy, and payment models. Conclusion We suggest that practitioners of manual medicine make telehealth part of their clinical toolbox where it makes sense and where there is evidence that it is beneficial for people who seek their care.
Sargison, H, Fernandez, Y, Marsh, B, Ferguson, J, Foley, W, Askew, D, Tyson, C, Rose, T, Scarinci, N & Copley, J 2022, 'Maximising allied health accessibility for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children: exploring experiences and perceptions of a family-centred consultation model', Speech, Language and Hearing, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 166-176.
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Seah, R & Berle, D 2022, 'Shame mediates the relationship between negative trauma attributions and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a trauma exposed sample', Clinical Psychology in Europe, vol. 4, no. 3, p. e7801.
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Background Theoretical models of self-conscious emotions indicate that shame is elicited through internal, stable, and global causal attributions of the precipitating event. The current study aimed to investigate whether these negative attributions are related to trauma-related shame and PTSD symptom severity.
Method A total of 658 participants aged 18 to 89 (M = 33.42; SD = 12.17) with a history of trauma exposure completed a range of self-report measures assessing trauma exposure, negative trauma-related attributions, shame, and PTSD symptoms.
Results Higher levels of internal, stable, and global trauma-related attributions were significantly associated with shame and PTSD. Shame mediated the association between trauma-related attributions and PTSD symptom severity, even after controlling for the effects of number of trauma exposures, worst index trauma and depression.
Conclusions The present results suggest that negative attributions are a critical cognitive component related to shame and in turn, PTSD symptom severity. Future research should aim to replicate these findings in a clinical sample and extend these findings using prospective designs.
Seymour, K, Sterzer, P & Soto, N 2022, 'Believing is seeing: The link between paranormal beliefs and perceiving signal in noise', Consciousness and Cognition, vol. 106, pp. 103418-103418.
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Sheikholeslami, B, Lam, NW, Dua, K & Haghi, M 2022, 'Exploring the impact of physicochemical properties of liposomal formulations on their in vivo fate', Life Sciences, vol. 300, pp. 120574-120574.
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Shiggins, C, Ryan, B, O'Halloran, R, Power, E, Bernhardt, J, Lindley, RI, McGurk, G, Hankey, GJ & Rose, ML 2022, 'Towards the Consistent Inclusion of People With Aphasia in Stroke Research Irrespective of Discipline', Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol. 103, no. 11, pp. 2256-2263.
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People with aphasia have been systematically excluded from stroke research or included without the necessary modifications, threatening external study validity. In this paper, we propose that 1) the inclusion of people with aphasia should be considered as standard in stroke research irrespective of discipline and that 2) modifications should be made to stroke research procedures to support people with aphasia to achieve meaningful and valid inclusion. We argue that outright exclusion of this heterogenous population from stroke research based purely on a diagnosis of aphasia is rarely required and present a rationale for deliberate inclusion of people with aphasia in stroke research. The purpose of this paper is fourfold: 1) to highlight the issue and implications of excluding people with aphasia from stroke research; 2) to acknowledge the current barriers to including people with aphasia in stroke research; 3) to provide stroke researchers with methods to enable inclusion, including recommendations, resources, and guidance; and 4) to consider research needed to develop aphasia inclusive practices in stroke research.
Shnier, NL, Burton, AL, Rapee, RM, Modini, M & Abbott, MJ 2022, 'Psychometric properties of the state Probability and Consequences Questionnaire for social anxiety disorder', Journal of Anxiety Disorders, vol. 92, pp. 102636-102636.
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Cognitive models of social anxiety propose that overestimation of the probability and cost of negative evaluation plays a central role in maintaining the disorder. However, there are currently no self-report state-based measures of probability and cost appraisals. The current paper examines the psychometric properties of the Probability and Consequences Questionnaire for social anxiety (PCQ-SA), which measures probability and consequence appraisals both in anticipation of, and in response to, an impromptu speech task. A total of 532 participants were recruited for the present study, consisting of 409 participants with a principal diagnosis of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), and 123 non-clinical controls. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor solution for the PCQ-SA. The PCQ-SA demonstrated excellent internal consistency, excellent test-retest reliability, good convergent validity at both time points (i.e., pre and post speech task), and sensitivity to treatment. Finally, using Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analysis, clinical cut-off scores were calculated for probability and consequences at both time points, with the PCQ-SA scales showing good sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Overall, the results provide evidence that the PCQ-SA possesses excellent psychometric properties. The PCQ-SA is suitable for use in clinical and research settings to assess key cognitive maintaining factors for SAD.
Shrubsole, K, Rogers, K & Power, E 2022, 'Sustaining acute speech–language therapists’ implementation of recommended aphasia practices: A mixed methods follow‐up evaluation of a cluster RCT', International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 152-171.
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AbstractBackgroundWhile implementation studies in aphasia management have shown promising improvements to clinical practice, it is currently unknown if aphasia implementation outcomes are sustained and what factors may influence clinical sustainability.AimsTo evaluate the sustainment (i.e., sustained improvement of aphasia management practices and domains influencing clinicians’ practice) and sustainability (i.e., factors influencing sustainability) outcomes of the Acute Aphasia IMplementation Study (AAIMS).Methods & ProceduresA convergent interactive mixed‐methods sustainability evaluation was conducted on two previously delivered implementation interventions (AAIMS). The AAIMS interventions were targeted at improving either written aphasia‐friendly information provision (Intervention A) or collaborative goal‐setting (Intervention B). Outcomes were collected 2 and 3 years post‐implementation, addressing the research questions of sustainment (e.g., medical record audits and behavioural constructs questionnaires) and sustainability (e.g., post‐study focus groups and organizational readiness surveys). Quantitative sustainability data were compared with post‐implementation data, allowing for sustainment to be determined. Clinicians’ perspectives on sustainability outcomes and challenges were analysed using framework analysis and integrated with the quantitative findings.Outcomes & ResultsA total of 35 speech–language therapists (SLTs) from four hospitals participated. The medical records of 79 patients were audited in the sustainability period compared with the 107 medical records audited during AAIMS. Overall, there was variable sustainment of the target behaviours; implementation for Interventi...
Sigurðardóttir, S, Helgadóttir, FD, Menzies, RE, Sighvatsson, MB & Menzies, RG 2022, 'Improving adherence to a web-based cognitive-behavioural therapy program for social anxiety with group sessions: A randomised control trial', Internet Interventions, vol. 28, pp. 100535-100535.
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Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) commonly receive non-evidence based, ineffective treatments. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been demonstrated to be the gold standard treatment for treating SAD. Scalable web-based CBT programs ensure evidence-based treatment procedures, but low treatment adherence remains problematic. This study aimed to test whether adding group sessions to a fully automated web-based CBT program, Overcome Social Anxiety (OSA), would increase treatment adherence. A total of 69 participants were provided access to a web-based program, and randomly allocated to three conditions: 1) An experimental condition involving an addition of three online group psychoeducation sessions; 2) a placebo condition involving an addition of three online progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) group sessions, or 3) a control condition where participants did not receive group sessions. Adherence was operationalised as number of OSA modules completed. Treatment adherence significantly differed between the conditions. On average, participants assigned to the placebo condition completed significantly more of the program compared to those in the control condition. Further, all conditions produced a significant improvement in BFNE and QOLS. No significant difference in treatment efficacy was found between groups on the SIAS, BFNE or QOLS. The current results indicate PMR can improve treatment adherence for scalable social anxiety interventions.
Simpson, S, Azam, F, Brown, S, Hronis, A & Brockman, R 2022, 'The impact of personality disorders and personality traits on psychotherapy treatment outcome of eating disorders: A systematic review', Personality and Mental Health, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 217-234.
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AbstractA significant proportion of those with eating disorders (EDs) do not respond to first‐line treatments. This systematic review was conducted to identify whether personality disorders (PDs)/traits predict or moderate ED treatment outcomes and whether these outcomes were differentially influenced by ED or PD diagnostic subtypes, or treatment approach. A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. A total of seven randomised controlled trials (RCTs) plus four follow‐up studies were reviewed investigating the impact of PD and PD traits on treatment outcomes for EDs. The majority indicated that PD had some impact on treatment outcomes. Outcome measures and time‐point measurements varied across studies. Included studies suggested that bulimia nervosa treatment outcomes were not hindered by co‐morbidity of borderline PD; however, psychiatric impairment remained high at post‐treatment and follow‐up. Cluster C PDs were found to negatively impact treatment outcomes for binge ED and attrition rates for anorexia nervosa. Included studies suggested that interventions that addressed aspects of personality pathology showed greater main effects for ED treatment outcomes. There is an urgent need for future RCTs on ED treatments to include routine measures of core personality features to allow their impacts to be more thoroughly examined and for psychotherapies to be tailored accordingly.
Skentzos, M, Naeli, A & Hronis, A 2022, 'The influence of attachment style on interpersonal learning in substance use psychotherapy groups', Discover Psychology, vol. 2, no. 1.
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AbstractSubstance Use Disorders (SUDs) are prevalent, long-term conditions, commonly treated via group intervention. Additionally, interpersonal learning (IL) is a therapeutic factor unique to group treatment programs, which has been associated with successful group therapy outcomes. While previous research has suggested attachment styles may predict experiences of IL within groups, research in this area is limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate if attachment style impacts IL, within SUD group treatment programs and specifically, if anxious and avoidant attachment styles influence IL. Participants (N = 38) were recruited voluntarily from an outpatient SUD open group therapy program at a private mental health hospital in Sydney. All participants completed paper-based self-report questionnaires to assess attachment style and IL. Two separate Multiple Linear Regressions (MLRs) revealed anxious attachment was not a significant predictor of IL and avoidant attachment was a significant, negative predictor of IL. Additionally, thematic analysis of qualitative data revealed themes and behaviours which may improve IL. Thus, future directions and implications of the study’s findings indicate the need to conduct additional research into members attachment-based needs to enhance SUD group treatment outcomes.
Smit, AK, Espinoza, D, Fenton, GL, Kirk, J, Innes, JS, McGovern, M, Limb, S, Turbitt, E & Cust, AE 2022, 'Communicating Personal Melanoma Polygenic Risk Information: Participants’ Experiences of Genetic Counseling in a Community-Based Study', Journal of Personalized Medicine, vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 1581-1581.
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Personalized polygenic risk information may be used to guide risk-based melanoma prevention and early detection at a population scale, but research on communicating this information is limited. This mixed-methods study aimed to assess the acceptability of a genetic counselor (GC) phone call in communicating polygenic risk information in the Melanoma Genomics Managing Your Risk randomized controlled trial. Participants (n = 509) received personalized melanoma polygenic risk information, an educational booklet on melanoma prevention, and a GC phone call, which was audio-recorded. Participants completed the Genetic Counseling Satisfaction Survey 1-month after receiving their risk information (n = 346). A subgroup took part in a qualitative interview post-study completion (n = 20). Survey data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS, and thematic analysis of the qualitative data was conducted using NVivo 12.0 software. The survey showed a high level of acceptability for the GC phone call (mean satisfaction score overall: 4.3 out of 5, standard deviation (SD): 0.6) with differences according to gender (mean score for women: 4.4, SD: 0.6 vs. men: 4.2, SD: 0.7; p = 0.005), health literacy (lower literacy: 4.1, SD: 0.8; average: 4.3, SD: 0.6; higher: 4.4, SD: 0.6: p = 0.02) and polygenic risk group (low risk: 4.5, SD: 0.5, SD: average: 4.3, SD: 0.7, high: 4.3, SD: 0.7; p = 0.03). During the GC phone calls, the discussion predominately related to the impact of past sun exposure on personal melanoma risk. Together our findings point to the importance of further exploring educational and support needs and preferences for communicating personalized melanoma risk among population subgroups, including diverse literacy levels.
Smith, R, Bryant, L & Hemsley, B 2022, '“Know the risks but balance that with their enjoyment”: Impacts of dysphagia on quality of life from the perspectives of allied health professionals', Advances in Communication and Swallowing, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 83-95.
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BACKGROUND: Numerous quantitative and descriptive studies show that dysphagia impacts on quality of life. However, there is little in-depth qualitative research exploring the nature of quality of life impacts of dysphagia from the perspectives of people with chronic or lifelong dysphagia or allied health professionals. OBJECTIVE: To determine the views of allied health professionals who work with people with dysphagia on (a) the impacts of dysphagia on a person’s quality of life, participation, and inclusion; and (b) barriers and facilitators to mealtime-related quality of life for people with dysphagia. METHODS: 15 allied health professionals (12 speech and language therapists and three occupational therapists) each attended one of four 2-hour focus groups. Their discussions were recorded, de-identified, and analysed for content themes. Summaries of the researchers’ interpretations were sent to participants for verification. RESULTS: Allied health professionals view that dysphagia impacts negatively on a person’s quality of life, affecting choice and control, engagement in social activities, physical health, and positive food experiences. Barriers and facilitators to improved quality of life include: the opinions of others towards the person’s texture-modified food, implementation of dysphagia interventions, knowledge of and education on dysphagia, and the person’s control over mealtime design components. CONCLUSIONS: The impacts of dysphagia on quality of life extend beyond enjoyment of the food itself and into the person’s social activities and inclusion. Further research should examine the impacts of dysphagia on quality of life from the perspective of people with dysphagia and their supporters and identify ways to reduce this impact.
Smith, R, Bryant, L & Hemsley, B 2022, 'Allied Health Professionals' Views on the Use of 3D Food Printing to Improve the Mealtime Quality of Life for People With Dysphagia: Impact, Cost, Practicality, and Potential', American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 1868-1877.
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Purpose: Much is promised in relation to the use of three-dimensional (3D) food printing to create visually appealing texture-modified foods for people with dysphagia, but little is known of its feasibility. This study aimed to explore the perspective of allied health professionals on the feasibility of using 3D food printing to improve quality of life for people with dysphagia. Method: Fifteen allied health professionals engaged in one of four 2-hr online focus groups to discuss 3D food printing for people with dysphagia. They discussed the need to address the visual appeal of texture-modified foods and watched a video of 3D food printing to inform their discussions on its feasibility. Focus group data were transcribed verbatim, de-identified, and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Participants verified summaries of the researchers' interpretation of the themes in the data. Results: Participants suggested that 3D food printing could improve the mealtime experience for people with dysphagia but noted several barriers to its feasibility, including the time and effort involved in printing the food and in cleaning the printer. They were not convinced that 3D-printed food held higher visual appeal or looked enough like the “real food” it represented. Conclusions: Allied health professionals considered that 3D food printing could benefit people with dysphagia by reducing the negative impacts of poorly presented texture-modified foods. However, they also considered that feasibility barriers could impede uptake and use of 3D food printers. Further research should co...
Smith, R, Bryant, L & Hemsley, B 2022, 'Dysphagia and Quality of Life, Participation, and Inclusion Experiences and Outcomes for Adults and Children With Dysphagia: A Scoping Review', Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 181-196.
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Purpose: Research shows that dysphagia impacts quality of life negatively, but the nature of these impacts is not well understood. This review article aims to examine the impacts of dysphagia and its interventions on mealtime-related quality of life, participation, and inclusion for people with dysphagia. Method: The protocol for this scoping review was published in July 2019 and involved a search of five scientific databases using dysphagia and quality of life–related terms. Results: In total, 106 studies were included in this review article. A qualitative metasynthesis demonstrated that dysphagia had various negative impacts on quality of life, particularly in populations with severe dysphagia. Dysphagia interventions had a range of positive impacts on quality of life; however, modifying food texture also had negative impacts. Most studies ( n = 95) included adults with acquired dysphagia. Only seven studies included people with lifelong conditions, including cerebral palsy or intellectual disability, and only four studies included children. Almost half of the studies ( n = 44) used quantitative instruments, including the Swallowing Quality of Life questionnaire or the Eating Assessment Tool, to measure the impact of dysphagia on quality of life, and few studies used qualitative approaches. Conclusions: There are both positive and negative impacts of dysphagia and dysphagia-related interventions on quality of life, participation...
Smith, R, Bryant, L, Reddacliff, C & Hemsley, B 2022, 'A review of the impact of food design on the mealtimes of people with swallowing disability who require texture-modified food', International Journal of Food Design, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 7-28.
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Texture-modified foods are a common component of interventions provided to people with dysphagia (swallowing disorders) to maintain their respiratory health, nutritional health and to reduce the risk of aspiration-related illness or choking on food. However, the unsightly and unappetizing appearance of texture-modified foods may negatively impact on the mealtime experience and acceptance of texture-modified foods of persons with dysphagia. The aim of this review was to determine what is known about the impact of specific elements of food design – food structure and visual appeal – on the mealtime experiences of people with dysphagia. This review of 35 studies presents evidence on how the physical characteristics of texture-modified foods for people with dysphagia can be considered during food production, formulation or service to improve their mealtime experience. Overall, the visual appeal, texture, taste, aroma, temperature, mealtime environment and mealtime assistance all impact upon mealtime experiences and should be considered carefully in the design of a person’s mealtime plan and food-related dysphagia interventions to improve their mealtime-related quality of life. Further research needs to include the views of people with dysphagia, particularly those with lifelong conditions, who might require texture-modified food for an extended period over their lifespan.
Smith, VM, Watson, P & Most, SB 2022, 'Enhanced recognition of emotional images is not affected by post-exposure exercise-induced arousal', Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, vol. 75, no. 6, pp. 1056-1066.
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Research suggests that aerobic exercise (i.e., exercise aiming to improve cardiovascular fitness) promotes cognition, but the impact on memory specifically, is unclear. There is some evidence to suggest that as little as one session of post-learning exercise benefits memory consolidation. Furthermore, memory may be particularly facilitated by exercise when the individual is emotionally aroused while encoding stimuli. The current study tested whether exercise after exposure to neutral and emotional images improved memory consolidation of the items among university students. Ninety-nine students were randomly instructed to either exercise or not exercise after viewing a set of images that were positive, neutral, and negative in valence, and they were later tested on their memory. Although emotional images were remembered better than non-emotional images, the results suggested that exercise did not influence this effect or enhance consolidation of the items overall. Explanations and implications for these findings are discussed.
Speers, AJH, Bhullar, N, Cosh, S & Wootton, BM 2022, 'Correlates of therapist drift in psychological practice: A systematic review of therapist characteristics', Clinical Psychology Review, vol. 93, pp. 102132-102132.
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Spronk, PE, Spronk, LEJ, Egerod, I, McGaughey, J, McRae, J, Rose, L, Brodsky, MB, Brodsky, MB, Rose, L, Lut, J, Clavé, P, Nanchal, R, Inamoto, Y, van der Hoeven, JI, Spronk, PE, Freeman-Sanderson, A, Hiesmayr, M, Veraar, C, Hickmann, CE, Gosselink, R, Gershman, S, Skoretz, S, Martino, R, Mpouzika, M, Cerny, M, Chrobok, V, Zeinerova, L, Egerod, I, Kaldan, G, McRae, J, Bäcklund, M, Ramos, T, Nydahl, P, Kalafati, M, Andrews, T, Sperlinga, R, Katsukawa, H, Kasai, F, Spronk, LEJ, Miles, A, McGaughey, J, Duncan, S, Fossum, M, Ágústdóttir, V, Senneset, T, Larsson, M, Hammond, G, Owczuk, R, Mestre, S, Merriweather, J, Tedla, M, Frajkova, Z, Velasco, M, Akerman, E, Sibilla, A, Kertscher, B, Gaechter, B, Arslan, SS, Demir, N & Jones, G 2022, 'Dysphagia in Intensive Care Evaluation (DICE): An International Cross-Sectional Survey', Dysphagia, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 1451-1460.
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Dysphagia occurs commonly in the intensive care unit (ICU). Despite the clinical relevance, there is little worldwide research on prevention, assessment, evaluation, and/or treatment of dysphagia for ICU patients. We aimed to gain insight into this international knowledge gap. We conducted a multi-center, international online cross-sectional survey of adult ICUs. Local survey distribution champions were recruited through professional and personal networks. The survey was administered from November 2017 to June 2019 with three emails and a final telephone reminder. Responses were received from 746 ICUs (26 countries). In patients intubated > 48 h, 17% expected a > 50% chance that dysphagia would develop. This proportion increased to 43% in patients intubated > 7 days, and to 52% in tracheotomized patients. Speech-language pathologist (SLP) consultation was available in 66% of ICUs, only 4% reported a dedicated SLP. Although 66% considered a routine post-extubation dysphagia protocol important, most (67%) did not have a protocol. Few ICUs routinely assessed for dysphagia after 48 h of intubation (30%) or tracheostomy (41%). A large proportion (46%) used water swallow screening tests to determine aspiration, few (8%) used instrumental assessments (i.e., flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing). Swallowing exercises were used for dysphagia management by 30% of ICUs. There seems to be limited awareness among ICU practitioners that patients are at risk of dysphagia, particularly as ventilation persists, protocols, routine assessment, and instrumental assessments are generally not used. We recommend the development of a research agenda to increase the quality of evidence and ameliorate the implementation of evidence-based dysphagia protocols by dedicated SLPs.
Stavropoulos, A, Brockman, R & Berle, D 2022, 'The application of imagery rescripting to intrusive autobiographical memories in depression', The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, vol. 15.
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Abstract Intrusive autobiographical memories are a prominent feature of depression implicated in the onset and course of the disorder. Current cognitive behavioural treatment of depression does not specify techniques to address intrusive memories. Imagery rescripting has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of trauma-related intrusive memories. This paper illustrates the application of imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for two patients experiencing a current major depressive episode. The two cases are described in detail and follow-up data are reported. Both patients experienced clinically significant and reliable change in their depression scores and no longer met criteria for a current major depressive episode at post-assessment, with gains maintained at 3-month follow-up. Implications are discussed for the theoretical mechanisms of change of this intervention as well as methods to overcome common treatment obstacles that arise in depression. Key learning aims (1) To learn how intrusive autobiographical memories are implicated in the onset and maintenance of depression. (2) To learn the limitations that may present clinically when applying verbal-linguistic techniques such as cognitive restructuring to intrusive memories. (3) To learn when imagery rescripting may be required to treat intrusive memories and how to implement this technique to overcome traditional treatment obstacles in depression.
Stubbs, PW, Verhagen, AP & McCambridge, AB 2022, 'Letter to the editor regarding “Does vitamin C supplementation improve rotator cuff healing? A preliminary study”', European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 785-786.
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Sullivan, R, Skinner, I, Harding, K & Hemsley, B 2022, 'Circumstances and outcomes of falls in hospital for adults with communication disability secondary to stroke: A qualitative synthesis', Advances in Communication and Swallowing, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 99-110.
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BACKGROUND: Falls are a significant patient safety concern in hospital. Adult patients with stroke, and those with communication disability, are at an increased risk of falls during their hospital admission compared to patients without stroke or communication disability. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to determine the circumstances and outcomes of falls in hospitalised patients with communication disability following stroke. METHOD: A qualitative synthesis of 16 papers according to the Generic Reference Model of patient safety. This is a secondary analysis of studies in a systematic review of the association between communication disability after stroke and falls in hospitalised patients. RESULTS: In studies including participants with communication disability, falls commonly occurred at the patient bedside, during the day, and in transfers. However, no studies provided individual or group data specifically detailing the circumstances and outcomes of falls of the included participants with communication disability. CONCLUSION: Research to date provides scant evidence on the circumstances and outcomes of falls in hospital patients with communication disability after stroke. This review performs a useful function in highlighting a glaring gap in the literature and the urgent need to enrich hospital falls prevention research that includes patients with communication disability following stroke. Findings of this review are discussed in relation to providing a framework for analysis of for future research.
Tan, CL, Chan, Y, Candasamy, M, Chellian, J, Madheswaran, T, Sakthivel, LP, Patel, VK, Chakraborty, A, MacLoughlin, R, Kumar, D, Verma, N, Malyla, V, Gupta, PK, Jha, NK, Thangavelu, L, Devkota, HP, Bhatt, S, Prasher, P, Gupta, G, Gulati, M, Singh, SK, Paudel, KR, Hansbro, PM, Oliver, BG, Dua, K & Chellappan, DK 2022, 'Unravelling the molecular mechanisms underlying chronic respiratory diseases for the development of novel therapeutics via in vitro experimental models', European Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 919, pp. 174821-174821.
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Tolin, D, Levy, H, Hallion, L, Wootton, B, Jaccard, J, Diefenbach, G & Stevens, M 2022, 'P465. The Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Hoarding Disorder Brain Activity', Biological Psychiatry, vol. 91, no. 9, pp. S276-S277.
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Torres-Robles, A, Benrimoj, SI, Gastelurrutia, MA, Martinez-Martinez, F, Peiro, T, Perez-Escamilla, B, Rogers, K, Valverde-Merino, I, Varas-Doval, R & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2022, 'Effectiveness of a medication adherence management intervention in a community pharmacy setting: a cluster randomised controlled trial', BMJ Quality & Safety, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 105-115.
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BackgroundNon-adherence to medications continues to be a burden worldwide, with significant negative consequences. Community pharmacist interventions seem to be effective at improving medication adherence. However, more evidence is needed regarding their impact on disease-specific outcomes. The aim was to evaluate the impact of a community pharmacist-led adherence management intervention on adherence and clinical outcomes in patients with hypertension, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MethodsA 6-month cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted in Spanish community pharmacies. Patients suffering from hypertension, asthma and COPD were recruited. Patients in the intervention group received a medication adherence management intervention and the control group received usual care. The intervention was based on theoretical frameworks for changing patient behaviour. Medication adherence, disease-specific outcomes (Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) scores, Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) scores and blood pressure levels) and disease control were evaluated. A multilevel regression model was used to analyse the data.ResultsNinety-eight pharmacies and 1186 patients were recruited, with 1038 patients completing the study. Patients receiving the intervention had an OR of 5.12 (95% CI 3.20 to 8.20, p<0.05) of being adherent after the 6 months. At the end of the study, patients in the intervention group had lower diastolic blood pressure levels (mean difference (MD) −2.88, 95% CI −5.33 to −0.43, p=0.02), lower CCQ scores (MD −0.50, 95% CI −0.82 to −0.18, p<0.05) and lower ACQ scores (MD −0.28, 95% CI −0.56 to 0.00, p<0.05) when compared with the control group.ConclusionsA community pharmacist-led me...
Trebilcock, M, Shrubsole, K, Worrall, L & Ryan, B 2022, 'Development of an online implementation intervention for aphasia clinicians to increase the intensity and comprehensiveness of their service', Disability and Rehabilitation, vol. 44, no. 17, pp. 4629-4638.
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PURPOSE: To describe the process and outcome of a user and theory informed online intervention for speech pathologists targeting the implementation of intensive and comprehensive aphasia services. METHODS: The design process followed the eight steps outlined by the Behaviour Change Wheel and incorporated the principles of Integrated Knowledge Translation (IKT). Eight speech pathology researchers and clinicians from four countries (Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and Ireland) contributed to three focus groups via videoconference. RESULTS: The online platform, Aphasia Nexus: Connecting Evidence to Practice, provides resources, guidance and support for speech pathologists seeking to improve the intensity and comprehensiveness of their aphasia service. A collaborative and iterative design process facilitated the creation of an intervention envisioned by participants. CONCLUSIONS: The website contains both interactive elements and resource links which have been arranged under the three headings of resources, action and support. The inclusion of multi-national researchers and clinicians benefitted a design process to make implementation more likely.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONTheoretically informed implementation interventions aim to change the everyday clinical practice of health workers.An online platform has been developed to support speech pathologists' implementation of intensive and comprehensive aphasia services.A collaborative design process can be beneficial in creating an intervention that is relevant to research-users and is more likely to be implemented.
Trenoska Basile, V, Newton-John, T & Wootton, BM 2022, 'Internet videoconferencing delivered cognitive behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: protocol for a randomized controlled trial', Trials, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 592.
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Abstract Background Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic mental health condition that results in a significant individual and societal burden. While cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is well established as an efficacious treatment for GAD, many patients experience logistical barriers when accessing face-to-face CBT. Remotely delivered treatments remove many of these barriers. Despite emerging evidence demonstrating the efficacy of remotely delivered CBT for GAD, studies examining the efficacy of remote methods for GAD that are analogous to standard face-to-face treatment, in particular synchronous treatments such as CBT delivered via online videoconferencing (VCBT), are needed. Methods The authors propose a two-group randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of VCBT for GAD against a waitlist control group. The recruitment target will be 78 adults with primary GAD of at least moderate severity. The manualized high-intensity VCBT intervention will be delivered weekly over a 10-week period. After treatment completion, waitlist participants will receive the same VCBT delivered in a brief format (i.e., weekly over a 5-week period). Treatment for both groups will be delivered in real time via an online teleconferencing platform. Outcome measures will be administered at baseline, mid-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Discussion This trial will report findings on the efficacy of a remote synchronous high-intensity VCBT intervention for GAD. The results have the potential to contribute towards advancing our knowledge on the evidence base for GAD, as well as increase the dissemination of VCBT for GAD. ...
Trenoska Basile, V, Newton‐John, T & Wootton, BM 2022, 'Remote cognitive‐behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A preliminary meta‐analysis', Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 78, no. 12, pp. 2381-2395.
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AbstractBackgroundGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic mental health condition that results in significant individual, societal, and economic burden. While cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is well established as an efficacious treatment for GAD, individuals have identified several logistical barriers to accessing face‐to‐face CBT. Remotely delivered treatments address many of these treatment barriers.MethodsThe aim of the current study was to synthesize the current literature on the efficacy of remote CBT for GAD using a meta‐analytic approach. Relevant articles were identified through an electronic database search and 10 studies (with 11 remote conditions and 1071 participants) were included in the meta‐analysis.ResultsWithin‐group findings indicate that remote CBT for GAD results in large effect sizes from pretreatment to posttreatment (g = 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03−1.58). Both low intensity and high intensity remote CBT interventions were found to result in large effect sizes (g = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.11−1.61 and g = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.20−1.47, respectively), with no significant differences between the treatment formats (Q1 = 2.28, p = 0.13). Between‐group effect sizes were medium in size at posttreatment (g = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.47−1.06).ConclusionsThese findings have potential implications for the delivery of evidence‐based treatment for GAD and the inclusion of remote methods in stepped care treatment approaches.
Turbitt, E & Lin, JL 2022, 'Genetic testing decisions in non-western cultures: an opportunity for intergenerational decision making', European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 391-391.
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Verhagen, A, Stubbs, PW, Mehta, P, Kennedy, D, Nasser, AM, Quel de Oliveira, C, Pate, JW, Skinner, IW & McCambridge, AB 2022, 'Comparison between 2000 and 2018 on the reporting of statistical significance and clinical relevance in physiotherapy clinical trials in six major physiotherapy journals: a meta-research design', BMJ Open, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. e054875-e054875.
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DesignMeta-research.ObjectiveTo compare the prevalence of reporting p values, effect estimates and clinical relevance in physiotherapy randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in the years 2000 and 2018.MethodsWe performed a meta-research study of physiotherapy RCTs obtained from six major physiotherapy peer-reviewed journals that were published in the years 2000 and 2018. We searched the databases Embase, Medline and PubMed in May 2019, and extracted data on the study characteristics and whether articles reported on statistical significance, effect estimates and confidence intervals for baseline, between-group, and within-group differences, and clinical relevance. Data were presented using descriptive statistics and inferences were made based on proportions. A 20% difference between 2000 and 2018 was regarded as a meaningful difference.ResultsWe found 140 RCTs: 39 were published in 2000 and 101 in 2018. Overall, there was a high prevalence (>90%) of reporting p values for the main (between-group) analysis, with no difference between years. Statistical significance testing was frequently used for evaluating baseline differences, increasing from 28% in 2000 to 61.4% in 2018. The prevalence of reporting effect estimates, CIs and the mention of clinical relevance increased from 2000 to 2018 by 26.6%, 34% and 32.8% respectively. Despite an increase in use in 2018, over 40% of RCTs failed to report effect estimates, CIs and clinical relevance of results.ConclusionThe prevalence of using p values remains high in physiotherapy research. Although the proportion of reporting effect estimates, CIs and clinical relevance is higher in 2018 compared to 2000, many publi...
Verin, RE, Menzies, RE & Menzies, RG 2022, 'OCD, death anxiety, and attachment: what’s love got to do with it?', Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 131-141.
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AbstractBackground:Death anxiety has been empirically implicated in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Research has shown that secure attachments appear to protect against fear of death, and are also associated with reduced risk of mental illness. However, few studies have investigated the moderating effect of attachment style in the relationship between death anxiety and OCD.Aims:The present study sought to explore whether attachment style moderates the relationship between death anxiety and OCD symptoms among a treatment-seeking sample of individuals diagnosed with OCD.Method:Following a structured diagnostic interview, a number of measures were administered to 48 participants. These included the Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale, Vancouver Obsessive Compulsive Inventory, and Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised.Results:As expected, death anxiety was a strong predictor of OCD severity, and other markers of psychopathology. However, contrary to hypotheses, neither anxious nor avoidant attachment style moderated the association between fear of death and OCD severity.Conclusions:The current findings add further support to the role of death anxiety in OCD. Given the absence of a moderating effect of attachment between death fears and OCD severity, it is possible that this proposed buffer against death anxiety may potentially be insufficient in the presence of this disorder. Further research is needed to clarify whether attachment style may moderate the relationship between death anxiety and symptom...
Verin, RE, Menzies, RE & Menzies, RG 2022, 'OCD, death anxiety, and attachment: what’s love got to do with it? – ERRATUM', Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 556-556.
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Vora, BB, Mountain, H, Nichols, C & Schofield, L 2022, 'Opinions and experiences of recontacting patients: a survey of Australasian genetic health professionals', Journal of Community Genetics, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 193-199.
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Wallace, SJ, Worrall, L, Le Dorze, G, Brandenburg, C, Foulkes, J & Rose, TA 2022, 'Many ways of measuring: a scoping review of measurement instruments for use with people with aphasia', Aphasiology, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 401-466.
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Watson, P, O’Callaghan, C, Perkes, I, Bradfield, L & Turner, K 2022, 'Making habits measurable beyond what they are not: A focus on associative dual-process models', Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, vol. 142, pp. 104869-104869.
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Habits are the subject of intense international research. Under the associative dual-process model the outcome devaluation paradigm has been used extensively to classify behaviours as being either goal-directed (sensitive to shifts in the value of associated outcomes) or habitual (triggered by stimuli without anticipation of consequences). This has proven to be a useful framework for studying the neurobiology of habit and relevance of habits in clinical psychopathology. However, in recent years issues have been raised about this rather narrow definition of habits in comparison to habitual behaviour experienced in the real world. Specifically, defining habits as the absence of goal-directed control, the very specific set-ups required to demonstrate habit experimentally and the lack of direct evidence for habits as stimulus-response behaviours are viewed as problematic. In this review paper we address key critiques that have been raised about habit research within the framework of the associative dual-process model. We then highlight novel research approaches studying different features of habits with methods that expand beyond traditional paradigms.
Watson, P, Pavri, Y, Le, J, Pearson, D & Le Pelley, ME 2022, 'Attentional capture by signals of reward persists following outcome devaluation', Learning & Memory, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 181-191.
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Attention, the mechanism that prioritizes stimuli in the environment for further processing, plays an important role in behavioral choice. In the present study, we investigated the automatic orienting of attention to cues that signal reward. Such attentional capture occurs despite negative consequences, and we investigated whether this counterproductive and reflexive behavior would persist following outcome devaluation. Thirsty participants completed a visual search task in which the color of a distractor stimulus in the search display signaled whether participants would earn water or potato chips for making a rapid eye movement to a diamond target, but looking at the colored distractor was punished by omission of the signaled reward. Nevertheless, participants looked at the water-signaling distractor more frequently than the chip-signaling distractor. Half the participants then drank water ad libitum before continuing with the visual search task. Although the water was now significantly less desirable for half of the participants, there was no difference between groups in the tendency for the water-signaling distractor to capture attention. These findings suggest that once established, counterproductive attentional bias to signals of reward persists even when those outcomes are no longer valuable. This suggests a “habit-like” attentional mechanism that prioritizes reward stimuli in the environment for further action, regardless of whether those stimuli are aligned with current goals or currently desired.
Webster, J, Waqa, G, Thow, A-M, Allender, S, Lung, T, Woodward, M, Rogers, K, Tukana, I, Kama, A, Wilson, D, Mounsey, S, Dodd, R, Reeve, E, McKenzie, BL, Johnson, C & Bell, C 2022, 'Scaling-up food policies in the Pacific Islands: protocol for policy engagement and mixed methods evaluation of intervention implementation', Nutrition Journal, vol. 21, no. 1.
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AbstractBackgroundThere is a crisis of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the Pacific Islands, and poor diets are a major contributor. The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic crisis will likely further exacerbate the burden on food systems. Pacific Island leaders have adopted a range of food policies and regulations to improve diets. This includes taxes and regulations on compositional standards for salt and sugar in foods or school food policies. Despite increasing evidence for the effectiveness of such policies globally, there is a lack of local context-specific evidence about how to implement them effectively in the Pacific.MethodsOur 5-year collaborative project will test the feasibility and effectiveness of policy interventions to reduce salt and sugar consumption in Fiji and Samoa, and examine factors that support sustained implementation. We will engage government agencies and civil society in Fiji and Samoa, to support the design, implementation and monitoring of evidence-informed interventions. Specific objectives are to: (1) conduct policy landscape analysis to understand potential opportunities and challenges to strengthen policies for prevention of diet-related NCDs in Fiji and Samoa; (2) conduct repeat cross sectional surveys to measure dietary intake, food sources and diet-related biomarkers; (3) use Systems Thinking in Community Knowledge Exchange (STICKE) to strengthen implementation of policies to reduce salt and sugar consumption; (4) evaluate the impact, process and cost effectiveness of implementing these policies. Quantitative and qualitative data on outcomes and process will be analysed to assess impact and support scale-up of future interventions.DiscussionThe project will provide new evidence to support policy making, as well as deve...
White, S, Phillips, J, Turbitt, E & Jacobs, C 2022, 'Views and experiences of palliative care clinicians in addressing genetics with individuals and families: a qualitative study', Supportive Care in Cancer, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 1615-1624.
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Purpose
A proportion of people with palliative care needs unknowingly have a genetic predisposition to their disease, placing relatives at increased risk. As end-of-life nears, the opportunity to address genetics for the benefit of their family narrows. Clinicians face numerous barriers addressing genetic issues, but there is limited evidence from the palliative care clinician perspective. Our aims are to (1) explore the views and experiences of palliative care clinicians in addressing genetics with patients and their families and (2) generate suggested strategies that support integration of genetics into palliative care.
Methods
An interpretive descriptive qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with palliative care doctors and nurses (N = 14).
Results
Three themes were identified: (1) Harms and benefits of raising genetics: a delicate balancing act, (2) Navigating genetic responsibility within the scope of palliative care and (3) Overcoming practice barriers: a multipronged approach. Participants described balancing the benefits of addressing genetics in palliative care against potential harms. Responsibility to address genetic issues depends on perceptions of relevance and the scope of palliative care. Suggestions to overcome practice barriers included building genetic-palliative care relationships and multi-layered genetics education, developing clinical resources and increasing organisational support.
Conclusions
Integrating aspects of genetics is feasible, but must be balanced against potential harms and benefits. Palliative care clinicians were uncertain about their responsibility to navigate these complex issues to address genetics. There are opportunities to overcome barriers and tailor support to ensure people nearing end-of-life have a chance to address genetic issues for the benefit of their families.
Willis, AM, Terrill, B, Pearce, A, McEwen, A, Ballinger, ML & Young, M-A 2022, 'My Research Results: a program to facilitate return of clinically actionable genomic research findings', European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 363-366.
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Researchers and research participants increasingly support returning clinically actionable genetic research findings to participants, but researchers may lack the skills and resources to do so. In response, a genetic counsellor-led program to facilitate the return of clinically actionable findings to research participants was developed to fill the identified gap in research practice and meet Australian research guidelines. A steering committee of experts reviewed relevant published literature and liaised with researchers, research participants and clinicians to determine the scope of the program, as well as the structure, protocols and infrastructure. A program called My Research Results (MyRR) was developed, staffed by genetic counsellors with input from the steering committee, infrastructure services and a genomic advisory committee. MyRR is available to Human Research Ethics Committee approved studies Australia-wide and comprises genetic counselling services to notify research participants of clinically actionable research findings, support for researchers with developing an ethical strategy for managing research findings and an online information platform. The results notification strategy is an evidence-based two-step model, which has been successfully used in other Australian studies. MyRR is a translational program supporting researchers and research participants to access clinically actionable research findings.
Xuan, R, Lawless, M, Sutton, G & Hodge, C 2022, 'Prevalence of tear film hyperosmolarity in 1150 patients presenting for refractive surgery assessment', Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 387-392.
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Purpose: To present an analysis of tear film hyperosmolarity in a large, consecutive population and evaluate the correlation of ocular and systemic conditions with tear film osmolarity (TFO). Setting: Private practice, Sydney, Australia. Design: Single-center, retrospective, consecutive cohort. Method: Patients undergoing screening for laser refractive surgery from October 2017 to October 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. 1404 patients (n = 1357 standard, n = 47 postrefractive) undergoing screening for laser refractive surgery from October 2017 to October 2020 were reviewed. Routine examination included TFO and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. TFO was conducted prior to further tests, and patients refrained from topical eyedrops minimum 2 hours before the appointment. Results: 1404 patients (n = 1357 standards, n = 47 postrefractive) patients were reviewed. Mean highest TFO in the standard population was 299.12 ± 11.94 mOsm/L, with 82.3% of eyes <308 mOsm/L indicating normal tear film homeostasis. The mean intereye TFO difference was 8.17 ± 8.60 mOsm/L, with 65.2% of eyes ≤8 mOsm/L. Mean highest TFO in the postrefractive subgroup was 299.72 ± 11.00 mOsm/L, with a mean intereye difference of 9.02 ± 6.92 mOsm/L. Postrefractive surgery patients indicated higher mean OSDI values of 15.28 ± 14.46 compared with the remainder of the population 9.69 ± 10.56 (P = .012). Significant correlation was demonstr...
Yandeau, E, Carey, B & Onslow, M 2022, 'The Lidcombe Program: A client report 7 years post-treatment', Speech, Language and Hearing, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 492-497.
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The Lidcombe Program (Onslow et al., 2020) is a treatment designed for pre-school children who stutter. To date, there has been no published account from a child of early stuttering experiences with Lidcombe Program treatment. Such an account may (1) inform clinicians when they are considering the timing of intervention, (2) assist with the choice of a treatment, and (3) provide resources to supplement treatment with the Lidcombe Program. Consequently, this report is a record of separate interviews with a child and parent about their Lidcombe Program treatment experience, seven years after the conclusion of successful treatment. It is intended that this report and the accompanying video interview in the supplemental material can be a useful resource for clinicians when considering Lidcombe Program treatment.
Yeates, L, Gardner, K, Do, J, van den Heuvel, L, Fleming, G, Semsarian, C, McEwen, A, Adlard, L & Ingles, J 2022, 'Using codesign focus groups to develop an online COmmunity suPporting familiEs after Sudden Cardiac Death (COPE-SCD) in the young', BMJ Open, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. e053785-e053785.
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ObjectiveTo codesign an online support intervention for families after sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the young (<35 years).DesignCodesign of an SCD family intervention by stakeholder focus groups.SettingFamilies and healthcare professionals with experience in SCD in the young.ParticipantsSemistructured online focus groups were held with key stakeholders, that is, family members who had experienced young SCD, healthcare professionals and researchers based in New South Wales, Australia. Guided discussions were used to develop an online support intervention. Thematic analysis of discussions and iterative feedback on draft materials guided content development.ResultsFour focus groups were held (4–6 participants per group, 12 unique participants). Stakeholder involvement facilitated development of high-level ideas and priority issues. Creative content and materials were developed based on user preference for stories, narratives and information reflecting everyday experience of families navigating the legal and medical processes surrounding SCD, normalising and supporting grief responses in the context of family relationships and fostering hope. Emphasis on accessibility led to the overarching need for digital information and online engagement. These insights allowed development of an online intervention—COPE-SCD: A COmmunity suPporting familiEs after Sudden Cardiac Death—which includes a website and online support programme.ConclusionUsing codesign with stakeholders we have developed a support intervention that addresses the needs of SCD families and aims to fill a large gap in existing healthcare. We wi...
Yeates, L, Gardner, K, Do, J, van den Heuvel, L, Leslie, F, Semsarian, C, McEwen, A, Adlard, L & Ingles, J 2022, 'COPESCD — An Online Community Supporting Families After Sudden Cardiac Death in the Young: A Protocol for a Pilot Study', Heart, Lung and Circulation, vol. 31, no. S1, pp. S20-S20.
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Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a devastating complication of genetic heart diseases. The psychological impact on surviving family members is significant and lifelong. Previous needs analyses found medical and psychological needs are of high importance but remain unmet in some cases. We used co-design focus groups with stakeholders (healthcare professionals and family members) to develop a support intervention: COPESCD - an online community supporting families after SCD in the young. The intervention contains two parts: (1) a website and (2) a series of four, online support sessions (covering: general information, uncertainty, grief and loss, and family coping).
You, J, Frazer, H, Sayyar, S, Chen, Z, Liu, X, Taylor, A, Filippi, B, Beirne, S, Wise, I, Petsoglou, C, Hodge, C, Wallace, G & Sutton, G 2022, 'Development of an In Situ Printing System With Human Platelet Lysate-Based Bio-Adhesive to Treat Corneal Perforations', Translational Vision Science & Technology, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 26-26.
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Zhai, T, Bailey, PE, Rogers, KD & Kneebone, II 2022, 'Validation of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory in younger adults', International Journal of Behavioral Development, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 148-156.
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This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) in younger adults. Participants were 212 younger adults age M = 22 (range = 17–53) years. They completed a demographic information questionnaire and self-report measures: the GAI, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and the Worry Behaviors Inventory (WBI). Data from the GAI were collected at two time points, one week apart, and data from other self-report measures were collected once via Qualtrics, an online survey platform. The internal consistency and test–retest score reliability of the GAI were excellent. It had good congruent validity with other anxiety measures, limited divergent validity with depression measures, and sound convergent validity with worry measures. The GAI showed good discrimination between probable cases and noncases of generalized anxiety disorder (participants who scored ⩾8 on the GAD-7) and its optimal cutoff score for probable cases of GAD was ⩾12. A unidimensional component structure of the GAI best fit this study’s data. This study has provided preliminary evidence that the GAI is reliable and valid for use in an Australian sample of younger adults.
