Publications

Cayoun, BA, Francis, SE & Shires, AG 2018, The Clinical Handbook of Mindfulness-integrated Cognitive Behavior Therapy A Step-by-Step Guide for Therapists, John Wiley & Sons, Australia.
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This manual for therapists and teachers is a very welcome step forward." —Professor Mark Williams, PhD, Emeritus Professor of Clinical Psychology, University of Oxford, Co-author of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy for Depression "This ...

Liu-Brennan, D 2018, 'Hanabi' in Introducing Japanese Popular Culture, Routledge, pp. 335-347.
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Onslow, M & Menzies, R 2018, 'Speech restructuring' in Borgo, S, Marks, I & Sibilia, L (eds), Common language for psychotherapy procedures: The first 101, Centro per la Ricerca in Psicoterapia, Rome, pp. 188-189.

Abbas, M, Sitharthan, G, Hough, MJ & Hossain, SZ 2018, 'An exploratory study of acculturation among Muslims in Australia', Social Identities, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 764-778.
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Muslims constitute 2.2% of the Australian population. Given the current socio-political climate and the limited research, the present exploratory study explores the relationship between acculturation, ethnic identity, self-identity, generational status, religiosity, and demographics among adult Australian Muslims. A cross-sectional convenience sample of 324 adult Australian Muslims completed either online or paper-based questionnaires in either English or Arabic. Recruitment was via convenience sampling and social media advertisements. Acculturation, ethnic identity (MEIM), religiosity, and demographic variables were measured. The study sample was young and mostly female, with high religiosity levels. Acculturation was negatively correlated with ethnic identity. From multiple regression analysis, acculturation was predicted independently by religiosity (low), age (young), gender (male) and ethnic identity (low). First generation Australian Muslims were older, had stronger ethnic identity and religiosity, and more commonly self-identified as non-Australian. By contrast second- and third-generation were more likely to self-identify as bicultural or Australian. In summary, acculturation of Australian Muslims is influenced by multiple variables, particularly ethnic identity, religiosity, and generation; hence all these variables need to be included in policy regarding successful integration of migrants.

Ade, V, Schalkwijk, D, Psarakis, M, Laporte, MD, Faras, TJ, Sandoval, R, Najjar, F & Stubbs, PW 2018, 'Between session reliability of heel-to-toe progression measurements in the stance phase of gait', PLOS ONE, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. e0200436-e0200436.
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Agarwal, S, Thornell, E, Hodge, C, Sutton, G & Hughes, P 2018, 'Visual Outcomes and Higher Order Aberrations Following LASIK on Eyes with Low Myopia and Astigmatism', The Open Ophthalmology Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 84-93.
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Background: Laser-Assisted in situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) can induce corneal aberrations that can impact vision and patient satisfaction. Recent developments in laser technologies have helped minimise these aberrations. Objective: To assess the quality of vision and change in Higher-Order Aberrations (HOAs) following wavefront-optimized LASIK in low-myopic astigmatic patients. Methods: LASIK was performed on a total of 76 eyes in patients with myopia <4.0 D and cylinder <2.0 D using the WaveLight® EX500 excimer and FS200 femtosecond laser platform. Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and HOAs were measured at 1 and 3 months postoperatively and compared to preoperative values. Subjective quality of vision was assessed pre- and postoperatively using a VF14 questionnaire. Results: Mean postoperative Spherical Equivalent (SE) was -0.09 ± 0.26 µm with 95% of patients within ± 0.5 D of attempted SE. Postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 or better for 96% of patients. Contrast sensitivity increased against horizontal and vertical gratings at all spatial frequencies except for vertical gratings at 18 cycles/degree. Spherical aberration and total HOA increased by 0.085 µm and 0.13 µm respectively. The mean VF14 score increased from 89.2 ± 16.7% to 99 ± 1.4% postoperatively. Conclusion: LAS...

Alhawassi, TM, Krass, I & Pont, LG 2018, 'Antihypertensive-related adverse drug reactions among older hospitalized adults', International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 428-435.
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© 2018, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature. Background Antihypertensive medications are commonly used for a wide range of indications, yet it is unknown to what extent older adults are at risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with their antihypertensive medication use. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of antihypertensive-related ADRs on hospital admission. Setting Metropolitan teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia. Method A retrospective cross-sectional audit of 503 older patients (≥ 65 years) admitted to hospital was conducted. Potential ADRS were identified from the medical record. Two independent clinical pharmacists reviewed each potential ADR using validated tools for causality, severity, preventability and contribution to hospitalization. Characteristics associated with an increased ADR risk among antihypertensive users were identified via logistic regression. Main outcome measure Antihypertensive related ADRs. Results Antihypertensives were used on admission by 68% of the cohort and the prevalence of ‘definite/probable’ antihypertensive-related ADRs among antihypertensive users was 16.4%. Antihypertensive medications were associated with a threefold ADR risk (OR = 3.09, 95% CI 1.85–5.16). Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB), impaired renal function, recent medication changes and previous history of allergy or ADR were all associated with an increased risk of experiencing an ADR. Conclusions ADRS associated with antihypertensive medicines were relatively common among older adults admitted to hospital. Increased awareness of those older persons who are most at risk of experiencing an antihypertensive-related ADR in the clinical setting may lead to early detection and minimization of ADR associated harms.

Almeida, M, Saragiotto, B & Maher, CG 2018, 'Primary care management of non‐specific low back pain: key messages from recent clinical guidelines', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 209, no. 5, pp. 235-235.
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Almeida, M, Saragiotto, B, Richards, B & Maher, CG 2018, 'Primary care management of non‐specific low back pain: key messages from recent clinical guidelines', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 208, no. 6, pp. 272-275.
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Almeida, MO, Maher, CG & Saragiotto, BT 2018, 'Prevention programmes including Nordic exercises to prevent hamstring injuries in football players (PEDro synthesis)', British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 52, no. 13, pp. 877-878.
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Aly, M, García-Cárdenas, V, Williams, K & Benrimoj, SI 2018, 'A review of international pharmacy-based minor ailment services and proposed service design model', Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 989-998.
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© 2018 Elsevier Inc. Background: The need to consider sustainable healthcare solutions is essential. An innovative strategy used to promote minor ailment care is the utilisation of community pharmacists to deliver minor ailment services (MASs). Promoting higher levels of self-care can potentially reduce the strain on existing resources. Aim: To explore the features of international MASs, including their similarities and differences, and consider the essential elements to design a MAS model. Methods: A grey literature search strategy was completed in June 2017 to comply with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standard. This included (1) Google/Yahoo! search engines, (2) targeted websites, and (3) contact with commissioning organisations. Executive summaries, table of contents and title pages of documents were reviewed. Key characteristics of MASs were extracted and a MAS model was developed. Results: A total of 147 publications were included in the review. Key service elements identified included eligibility, accessibility, staff involvement, reimbursement systems. Several factors need to be considered when designing a MAS model; including contextualisation of MAS to the market. Stakeholder engagement, service planning, governance, implementation and review have emerged as key aspects involved with a design model. Conclusion: MASs differ in their structural parameters. Consideration of these parameters is necessary when devising MAS aims and assessing outcomes to promote sustainability and success of the service.

Amor, DJ, Kerr, A, Somanathan, N, McEwen, A, Tome, M, Hodgson, J & Lewis, S 2018, 'Attitudes of sperm, egg and embryo donors and recipients towards genetic information and screening of donors', Reproductive Health, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1-10.
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© 2018 The Author(s). Background: Gamete and embryo donors undergo genetic screening procedures in order to maximise the health of donor-conceived offspring. In the era of genomic medicine, expanded genetic screening may be offered to donors for the purpose of avoiding transmission of harmful genetic mutations. The objective of this study was to explore the attitudes of donors and recipients toward the expanded genetic screening of donors. Methods: Qualitative interview study with thematic analysis, undertaken in a tertiary fertility centre. Semi-structured in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with eleven recipients and nine donors from three different cohorts (sperm, egg and embryo donors/recipients). Results: Donors and recipients acknowledged the importance of genetic information and were comfortable with the existing level of genetic screening of donors. Recipients recognised some potential benefits of expanded genetic screening of donors; however both recipients and donors were apprehensive about extended genomic technologies, with concerns about how this information would be used and the ethics of genetic selectivity. Conclusion: Participants in donor programs support some level of genetic screening of donors, but are wary of expanding genetic screening beyond current levels.

Bailey, PE, Gonsalvez, CJ, Maiuolo, M, Leon, T & Benedek, G 2018, 'The age-related positivity effect in electronic gambling', Experimental Aging Research, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 135-147.
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Bajaj, R, Ramulu, P, Dillon, L, Jakobsen, KB, Tiedemann, A, Rogers, K & Keay, L 2018, 'Validating the accuracy of an activity monitor in a visually impaired older population', Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 562-569.
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AbstractPurposeActivity monitors have been used to objectively measure physical activity and its association with visual impairment in older adults. However, there is limited understanding of the accuracy of activity monitors in people with low vision. This study investigated the accuracy of an activity monitor compared with manual step counting in a low vision population and sought to find the most accurate placement location for the device.MethodsWe recruited 32 individuals aged 50 years and older with low vision. ActiGraph activity monitors were secured bilaterally on the wrists, ankles, and hips of each participant, who then walked a flat, linear course in their home at a comfortable pace for 4 min, using any necessary assistive device such as a long cane, support cane, or guide dog. Steps were counted using a hand‐held tally counter. ActiGraph‐measured step data from the 4‐min period were downloaded using the standard and low frequency filters at 1 epoch s−1 through ActiLife.ResultsOf the 32 participants, 20 (63%) were female, median visual acuity was 1.48 logMAR (6/180 Snellen), average age was 73 (standard deviation, S.D., 9) years, average body mass index was 28.9 (S.D. 7.0) kg m−2, and 47% of participants used an assistive device. Average distance for the test course was 10.9 (S.D. 3.4) m and participants completed an average of 368 (S.D. 68) steps during the 4 min. The number of steps recorded by the two, bi...

Baker, C, Worrall, L, Rose, M, Hudson, K, Ryan, B & O’Byrne, L 2018, 'A systematic review of rehabilitation interventions to prevent and treat depression in post-stroke aphasia', Disability and Rehabilitation, vol. 40, no. 16, pp. 1870-1892.
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PURPOSE: Stepped psychological care is the delivery of routine assessment and interventions for psychological problems, including depression. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze and synthesize the evidence of rehabilitation interventions to prevent and treat depression in post-stroke aphasia and adapt the best evidence within a stepped psychological care framework. METHOD: Four databases were systematically searched up to March 2017: Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and The Cochrane Library. RESULTS: Forty-five studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Level of evidence, methodological quality and results were assessed. People with aphasia with mild depression may benefit from psychosocial-type treatments (based on 3 level ii studies with small to medium effect sizes). For those without depression, mood may be enhanced through participation in a range of interventions (based on 4 level ii studies; 1 level iii-3 study and 6 level iv studies). It is not clear which interventions may prevent depression in post-stroke aphasia. No evidence was found for the treatment of moderate to severe depression in post-stroke aphasia. CONCLUSIONS: This study found some interventions that may improve depression outcomes for those with mild depression or without depression in post-stroke aphasia. Future research is needed to address methodological limitations and evaluate and support the translation of stepped psychological care across the continuum. Implications for Rehabilitation Stepped psychological care after stroke is a framework with levels 1 to 4 which can be used to prevent and treat depression for people with aphasia. A range of rehabilitation interventions may be beneficial to mood at level 1 for people without clinically significant depression (e.g., goal setting and achievement, psychosocial support, communication partner training and narrative therapy). People with mild symptoms of depression may benefit from interventions at level 2 (e.g., behavio...

Balkhi, B, Aljadhey, H, Mahmoud, MA, Alrasheed, M, Pont, LG, Mekonnen, AB & Alhawassi, TM 2018, 'Readiness and willingness to provide immunization services: a survey of community pharmacists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia', Safety in Health, vol. 4, no. 1.
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Beekman, E & Verhagen, A 2018, 'Clinimetrics: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale', Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 198-198.
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Benn, DE, Zhu, Y, Andrews, KA, Wilding, M, Duncan, EL, Dwight, T, Tothill, RW, Burgess, J, Crook, A, Gill, AJ, Hicks, RJ, Kim, E, Luxford, C, Marfan, H, Richardson, AL, Robinson, B, Schlosberg, A, Susman, R, Tacon, L, Trainer, A, Tucker, K, Maher, ER, Field, M & Clifton-Bligh, RJ 2018, 'Bayesian approach to determining penetrance of pathogenic SDH variants', Journal of Medical Genetics, vol. 55, no. 11, pp. 729-734.
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BackgroundUntil recently, determining penetrance required large observational cohort studies. Data from the Exome Aggregate Consortium (ExAC) allows a Bayesian approach to calculate penetrance, in that population frequencies of pathogenic germline variants should be inversely proportional to their penetrance for disease. We tested this hypothesis using data from two cohorts for succinate dehydrogenase subunits A, B and C (SDHA–C) genetic variants associated with hereditary pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PC/PGL).MethodsTwo cohorts were 575 unrelated Australian subjects and 1240 unrelated UK subjects, respectively, with PC/PGL in whom genetic testing had been performed. Penetrance of pathogenic SDHA–C variants was calculated by comparing allelic frequencies in cases versus controls from ExAC (removing those variants contributed by The Cancer Genome Atlas).ResultsPathogenic SDHA–C variants were identified in 106 subjects (18.4%) in cohort 1 and 317 subjects (25.6%) in cohort 2. Of 94 different pathogenic variants from both cohorts (seven in SDHA, 75 in SDHB and 12 in SDHC), 13 are reported in ExAC (two in SDHA, nine in SDHB and two in SDHC) accounting for 21% of subjects with SDHA–C variants. Combining data from both cohorts, estimated lifetime disease penetrance was 22.0% (95% CI 15.2% to 30.9%) for SDHB variants, 8.3% (95% CI 3.5% to 18.5%) for SDHC variants and 1.7% (95% CI 0.8% to 3.8%) for SDHA variants.

Benson, H, Lucas, C, Benrimoj, SI, Kmet, W & Williams, KA 2018, 'Pharmacists in general practice: recommendations resulting from team-based collaborative care', Australian Journal of Primary Health, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 448-448.
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The Western Sydney Primary Health Network (PHN), WentWest, has been working to improve patient and health system outcomes by commissioning projects that enhance patient-focussed, team-based care. One such project is the WentWest General Practice Pharmacist Project, involving the integration of pharmacists within general practice sites. The aim of this study is to describe, classify and analyse recommendations made by pharmacists to GPs, resulting from patient consultations between pharmacists and patients in a general practice setting. This study was a multi-centre prospective observational study (April 2017–September 2017) investigating recommendations made by pharmacists integrated in a general practice setting. Thirteen general practice sites located in Western Sydney, NSW, Australia were involved in the study. The main outcome measures of this study include the classification of pharmacist recommendations and the percentage of those recommendations accepted by GPs. The pharmacists recorded the results from 618 patient consultations. These consultations resulted in 1601 recommendations of which 1404 (88%) were recorded as accepted. This study demonstrated that the recommendations made by pharmacists in general practice are well accepted by GPs and may lead to improvements in medication management and patient care.

Benson, H, Lucas, C, Kmet, W, Benrimoj, SI & Williams, K 2018, 'Pharmacists in general practice: a focus on drug-related problems', International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 566-572.
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Background Team based care has been used internationally to improve the delivery of best practice primary health care. The WentWest General Practice Pharmacist Project, involving the integration of pharmacists within general practice teams, was commissioned to improve medication management of general practice patients. A particular focus of the project was the performance of medication review to allow the detection and resolution of drug related problems (DRPs). Objective The objectives of this 6-month study (October 2016-March 2017) were to: (1) identify and classify the DRPs detected as a result of pharmacist activities within a general practice primary care setting. (2) compare the number of pharmacist recommendations and GP acceptance rates as a result of pharmacist patient consultations across multiple general practice sites. Setting 15 general practice primary care sites in Western Sydney NSW Australia. A multi-centre prospective observational study conducted over a 6-month period from October 2016 to March 2017. Main outcome measure Drug-related problems (DRPs). Results Six pharmacists recorded the results from 493 patient consultations. The pharmacists identified 1124 DRPs and made 984 recommendations, of which 685 (70%) were recorded as accepted by the GP. Conclusion Pharmacists have a valuable role to play in the detection and resolution of DRP as part of the general practice team.

Benson, H, Sabater-Hernández, D, Benrimoj, SI & Williams, KA 2018, 'Piloting the Integration of Non-Dispensing Pharmacists in the Australian General Practice Setting: A Process Evaluation', International Journal of Integrated Care, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 4-4.
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© 2018 The Author(s). Introduction: This process evaluation examined the circumstances affecting implementation, intervention design and situational context of the twelve week pilot phase of a project integrating five pharmacists into twelve general practice sites in Western Sydney. Description of Care Practice: This study used a mixed method study design using qualitative data obtained from semi-structured interviews and quantitative data collected by project pharmacists to analyse the process of the integrating pharmacists is general practice. Framework analysis of the interview transcripts was used to align the results with the key process evaluation themes of implementation, mechanism of impact and context. Preliminary quantitative data was used to provide implementation feedback and to support the qualitative findings. Results: The interventional design included three phases, patient recruitment and selection, the pharmacist consultation and the communication and recording of recommendations. A number of barriers and facilitators affecting implementation were identified. Insight into the situational context of the intervention was gained from examining the differences between individual pharmacists and between practice sites. Conclusion: Conducting a process evaluation in the pilot phase of an integrated care project can allow adjustments to be made to the project procedures to improve the effectiveness and reproducibility of the intervention going forward.

Berle, D, Hilbrink, D, Russell-Williams, C, Kiely, R, Hardaker, L, Garwood, N, Gilchrist, A & Steel, Z 2018, 'Personal wellbeing in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): association with PTSD symptoms during and following treatment', BMC Psychology, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-6.
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© 2018 The Author(s). Background: It remains unclear to what extent treatment-related gains in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms translate to improvements in broader domains of personal wellbeing, such as community connectedness, life achievement and security. We sought to determine whether: 1. personal wellbeing improves during the course of a treatment program and 2. changes in core symptom domains (PTSD, anxiety and depression) were associated with improvements in overall personal wellbeing. Methods: Participants (N=124) completed the PTSD Checklist, the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scales and the Personal Wellbeing Index at the start and end of a 4-week Trauma Focused CBT residential program, as well as 3- and 9-months post-treatment. Results: Personal wellbeing improved significantly across the 9-months of the study. Generalised estimating equations analyses indicated that (older) age and improvements in PTSD and depressive symptoms were independent predictors of personal wellbeing across time. Conclusions: Although personal wellbeing improved in tandem with PTSD symptoms, the magnitude of improvement was small. These findings highlight a need to better understand how improvements in personal wellbeing can be optimised following PTSD treatment.

Berle, D, Starcevic, V, Viswasam, K, Milicevic, D, Hannan, A, Brakoulias, V & Steel, Z 2018, 'Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Nepean Dysphoria Scale in a Clinical Sample', Psychiatric Quarterly, vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 621-629.
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The construct of dysphoria has been described inconsistently across a broad range of psychopathology. The term has been used to refer to an irritable state of discontent, but is also thought to incorporate anger, resentment and nonspecific symptoms associated with anxiety and depression, such as tension and unhappiness. The Nepean Dysphoria Scale has been developed to allow assessment of dysphoria, but its factor structure has not yet been investigated in clinical samples. We aimed to determine the latent structure of dysphoria as reflected by the Nepean Dysphoria Scale, using a clinical sample. Adults (N = 206) seeking treatment at a range of mental health services were administered the Nepean Dysphoria Scale. Four putative factor structures were investigated using confirmatory factor analysis: a single-factor model, a hierarchical model, a bifactor model and a four-factor model as identified in previous studies. No model fit the data except for a four-factor model when a revised 22-item version of the original 24-item scale was investigated. A four-factor structure similar to that identified in non-clinical samples was supported, albeit following the removal of two items. The Nepean Dysphoria Scale appears to have utility for the assessment of dysphoria in routine clinical settings.

Best, M, Newson, AJ, Meiser, B, Juraskova, I, Goldstein, D, Tucker, K, Ballinger, ML, Hess, D, Schlub, TE, Biesecker, B, Vines, R, Vines, K, Thomas, D, Young, M-A, Savard, J, Jacobs, C & Butow, P 2018, 'The PiGeOn project: protocol for a longitudinal study examining psychosocial, behavioural and ethical issues and outcomes in cancer tumour genomic profiling', BMC Cancer, vol. 18, no. 1.
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© 2018 The Author(s). Background: Genomic sequencing in cancer (both tumour and germline), and development of therapies targeted to tumour genetic status, hold great promise for improvement of patient outcomes. However, the imminent introduction of genomics into clinical practice calls for better understanding of how patients value, experience, and cope with this novel technology and its often complex results. Here we describe a protocol for a novel mixed-methods, prospective study (PiGeOn) that aims to examine patients' psychosocial, cognitive, affective and behavioural responses to tumour genomic profiling and to integrate a parallel critical ethical analysis of returning results. Methods: This is a cohort sub-study of a parent tumour genomic profiling programme enrolling patients with advanced cancer. One thousand patients will be recruited for the parent study in Sydney, Australia from 2016 to 2019. They will be asked to complete surveys at baseline, three, and fivemonths. Primary outcomes are: knowledge, preferences, attitudes and values. A purposively sampled subset of patients will be asked to participate in three semi-structured interviews (at each time point) to provide deeper data interpretation. Relevant ethical themes will be critically analysed to iteratively develop or refine normative ethical concepts or frameworks currently used in the return of genetic information. Discussion: This will be the first Australian study to collect longitudinal data on cancer patients' experience of tumour genomic profiling. Findings will be used to inform ongoing ethical debates on issues such as how to effectively obtain informed consent for genomic profiling return results, distinguish between research and clinical practice and manage patient expectations. The combination of quantitative and qualitative methods will provide comprehensive and critical data on how patients cope with 'actionable' and 'non-actionable' results. This information is needed to en...

Best, M, Newson, AJ, Meiser, B, Juraskova, I, Goldstein, D, Tucker, K, Ballinger, ML, Hess, D, Schlub, TE, Biesecker, B, Vines, R, Vines, K, Thomas, D, Young, M-A, Savard, J, Jacobs, C & Butow, P 2018, 'The PiGeOn project: protocol of a longitudinal study examining psychosocial and ethical issues and outcomes in germline genomic sequencing for cancer', BMC Cancer, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1-10.
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© 2018 The Author(s). Background: Advances in genomics offer promise for earlier detection or prevention of cancer, by personalisation of medical care tailored to an individual's genomic risk status. However genome sequencing can generate an unprecedented volume of results for the patient to process with potential implications for their families and reproductive choices. This paper describes a protocol for a study (PiGeOn) that aims to explore how patients and their blood relatives experience germline genomic sequencing, to help guide the appropriate future implementation of genome sequencing into routine clinical practice. Methods: We have designed a mixed-methods, prospective, cohort sub-study of a germline genomic sequencing study that targets adults with cancer suggestive of a genetic aetiology. One thousand probands and 2000 of their blood relatives will undergo germline genomic sequencing as part of the parent study in Sydney, Australia between 2016 and 2020. Test results are expected within12-15 months of recruitment. For the PiGeOn sub-study, participants will be invited to complete surveys at baseline, three months and twelve months after baseline using self-administered questionnaires, to assess the experience of long waits for results (despite being informed that results may not be returned) and expectations of receiving them. Subsets of both probands and blood relatives will be purposively sampled and invited to participate in three semi-structured qualitative interviews (at baseline and each follow-up) to triangulate the data. Ethical themes identified in the data will be used to inform critical revisions of normative ethical concepts or frameworks. Discussion: This will be one of the first studies internationally to follow the psychosocial impact on probands and their blood relatives who undergo germline genome sequencing, over time. Study results will inform ongoing ethical debates on issues such as informed consent for genomic sequencing...

Bhattarai, P, Newton-John, TRO & Phillips, JL 2018, 'Quality and Usability of Arthritic Pain Self-Management Apps for Older Adults: A Systematic Review', Pain Medicine, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 471-484.
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© 2017 American Academy of Pain Medicine. Objective. To appraise the quality and usability of currently available pain applications that could be used by community-dwelling older adults to selfmanage their arthritic pain. Methods. A systematic review. Searches were conducted in App Store and Google Play to identify pain self-management apps relevant to arthritic pain management. English language pain management apps providing pain assessment and documentation function and pain management education were considered for inclusion. A quality evaluation audit tool based on the Stanford Arthritis Self-Management Program was developed a priori to evaluate app content quality. The usability of included apps was assessed using an established usability evaluation tool. Results. Out of the 373 apps that were identified, four met the inclusion criteria. The included apps all included a pain assessment and documentation function and instructions on medication use, communication with health professionals, cognitive behavioral therapy-based pain management, and physical exercise. Management of mood, depression, anxiety, and sleep were featured in most apps (N =3). Three-quarters (N = 3) of the apps fell below the acceptable moderate usability score (≥3), while one app obtained a moderate score (3.2). Conclusions. Few of the currently available pain apps offer a comprehensive pain self-management approach incorporating evidence-based strategies in accordance with the Stanford Arthritis Self- Management Program. The moderate-level usability across the included apps indicates a need to consider the usability needs of the older population in future pain self-management app development endeavors.

Bier, JD, Sandee-Geurts, JJW, Ostelo, RWJG, Koes, BW & Verhagen, AP 2018, 'Can Primary Care for Back and/or Neck Pain in the Netherlands Benefit From Stratification for Risk Groups According to the STarT Back Tool Classification?', Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 65-71.
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© 2017 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Objective To evaluate whether current Dutch primary care clinicians offer tailored treatment to patients with low back pain (LBP) or neck pain (NP) according to their risk stratification, based on the Keele STarT (Subgroup Targeted Treatment) Back-Screening Tool (SBT). Design Prospective cohort study with 3-month follow-up. Setting Primary care. Participants General practitioners (GPs) and physiotherapists included patients (N=284) with nonspecific LBP, NP, or both. Interventions Patients completed a baseline questionnaire, including the Dutch SBT, for either LBP or NP. A follow-up measurement was conducted after 3 months to determine recovery (using Global Perceived Effect Scale), pain (using Numeric Pain Rating Scale), and function (using Roland Disability Questionnaire or Neck Disability Index). A questionnaire was sent to the GPs and physiotherapists to evaluate the provided treatment. Main Outcome Measures Prevalence of patients’ risk profile and clinicians’ applied care, and the percentage of patients with persisting disability at follow-up. A distinction was made between patients receiving the recommended treatment and those receiving the nonrecommended treatment. Results In total, 12 GPs and 33 physiotherapists included patients. After 3 months, we analyzed 184 patients with LBP and 100 patients with NP. In the LBP group, 52.2% of the patients were at low risk for persisting disability, 38.0% were at medium risk, and 9.8% were at high risk. Overall, 24.5% of the patients with LBP received a low-risk treatment approach, 73.5% a medium-risk, and 2.0% a high-risk treatment approach. The specific agreement between the risk profile and the received treatment for patients with LBP was poor for the low-risk and high-risk patients (21.1% and 10.0%, respectively), and fair for medium-risk patients (51.4%). In the NP group, 58.0% of the patients were at low risk for persisting disability, 37.0% were at m...

Bier, JD, Scholten-Peeters, WGM, Staal, JB, Pool, J, van Tulder, MW, Beekman, E, Knoop, J, Meerhoff, G & Verhagen, AP 2018, 'Author Response', Physical Therapy, vol. 98, no. 9, pp. 820-821.
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Bier, JD, Scholten-Peeters, WGM, Staal, JB, Pool, J, van Tulder, MW, Beekman, E, Knoop, J, Meerhoff, G & Verhagen, AP 2018, 'Clinical Practice Guideline for Physical Therapy Assessment and Treatment in Patients With Nonspecific Neck Pain', Physical Therapy, vol. 98, no. 3, pp. 162-171.
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Abstract The Royal Dutch Society for Physical Therapy (KNGF) issued a clinical practice guideline for physical therapists that addresses the assessment and treatment of patients with nonspecific neck pain, including cervical radiculopathy, in Dutch primary care. Recommendations were based on a review of published systematic reviews. During the intake, the patient is screened for serious pathologies and corresponding patterns. Patients with cervical radiculopathy can be included or excluded through corresponding signs and symptoms and possibly diagnostic tests (Spurling test, traction/distraction test, and Upper Limb Tension Test). History taking is done to gather information about patients’ limitations, course of pain, and prognostic factors (eg, coping style) and answers to health-related questions. In case of a normal recovery (treatment profile A), management should be hands-off, and patients should receive advice from the physical therapist and possibly some simple exercises to supplement “acting as usual.” In case of a delayed/deviant recovery (treatment profile B), the physical therapist is advised to use, in addition to the recommendations for treatment profile A, forms of mobilization and/or manipulation in combination with exercise therapy. Other interventions may also be considered. The physical therapist is advised not to use dry needling, low-level laser, electrotherapy, ultrasound, traction, and/or a cervical collar. In case of a delayed/deviant recovery with clear and/or dominant psychosocial prognostic factors (treatment profile C), these factors should first be addressed by the physical therapist, when possible, or the patient should be referred to a specialist, when necessary. In case of neck pain grade III (treatment profile D), th...

Biesecker, BB, Lewis, KL, Umstead, KL, Johnston, JJ, Turbitt, E, Fishler, KP, Patton, JH, Miller, IM, Heidlebaugh, AR & Biesecker, LG 2018, 'Web Platform vs In-Person Genetic Counselor for Return of Carrier Results From Exome Sequencing', JAMA Internal Medicine, vol. 178, no. 3, pp. 338-338.
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A critical bottleneck in clinical genomics is the mismatch between large volumes of results and the availability of knowledgeable professionals to return them.To test whether a web-based platform is noninferior to a genetic counselor for educating patients about their carrier results from exome sequencing.A randomized noninferiority trial conducted in a longitudinal sequencing cohort at the National Institutes of Health from February 5, 2014, to December 16, 2016, was used to compare the web-based platform with a genetic counselor. Among the 571 eligible participants, 1 to 7 heterozygous variants were identified in genes that cause a phenotype that is recessively inherited. Surveys were administered after cohort enrollment, immediately following trial education, and 1 month and 6 months later to primarily healthy postreproductive participants who expressed interest in learning their carrier results. Both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were applied.A web-based platform that integrated education on carrier results with personal test results was designed to directly parallel disclosure education by a genetic counselor. The sessions took a mean (SD) time of 21 (10.6), and 27 (9.3) minutes, respectively.The primary outcomes and noninferiority margins (δNI) were knowledge (0 to 8, δNI = -1), test-specific distress (0 to 30, δNI = +1), and decisional conflict (15 to 75, δNI = +6).After 462 participants (80.9%) provided consent and were randomized, all but 3 participants (n = 459) completed surveys following education and counseling; 398 (86.1%) completed 1-month surveys and 392 (84.8%) completed 6-month surveys. Participants were predominantly well-educated, non-Hispanic white, married parents; mean (SD) age was 63 (63.1) years and 246 (53.6%) were men. The web platform was noninferior to the genetic counselor on outcomes assessed at 1 and 6 months: knowledge (mean group difference, -0.18; lower limit of 97.5% CI, -0.63; δNI = -1), test-specific distress (...

Blake, HL & McLeod, S 2018, 'The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Considering Individuals From a Perspective of Health and Wellness', Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, vol. 3, no. 17, pp. 69-77.
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Blake, HL, Mcleod, S, Verdon, S & Fuller, G 2018, 'The relationship between spoken English proficiency and participation in higher education, employment and income from two Australian censuses', International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 202-215.
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© 2016 The Speech Pathology Association of Australia Limited Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Purpose: Proficiency in the language of the country of residence has implications for an individual’s level of education, employability, income and social integration. This paper explores the relationship between the spoken English proficiency of residents of Australia on census day and their educational level, employment and income to provide insight into multilingual speakers’ ability to participate in Australia as an English-dominant society. Method: Data presented are derived from two Australian censuses i.e. 2006 and 2011 of over 19 million people. Result: The proportion of Australians who reported speaking a language other than English at home was 21.5% in the 2006 census and 23.2% in the 2011 census. Multilingual speakers who also spoke English very well were more likely to have post-graduate qualifications, full-time employment and high income than monolingual English-speaking Australians. However, multilingual speakers who reported speaking English not well were much less likely to have post-graduate qualifications or full-time employment than monolingual English-speaking Australians. Conclusion: These findings provide insight into the socioeconomic and educational profiles of multilingual speakers, which will inform the understanding of people such as speech-language pathologists who provide them with support. The results indicate spoken English proficiency may impact participation in Australian society. These findings challenge the “monolingual mindset” by demonstrating that outcomes for multilingual speakers in education, employment and income are higher than for monolingual speakers.

Brady, B, Kneebone, II, Denson, N & Bailey, PE 2018, 'Systematic review and meta-analysis of age-related differences in instructed emotion regulation success', PeerJ, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. e6051-e6051.
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The process model of emotion regulation (ER) is based on stages in the emotion generative process at which regulation may occur. This meta-analysis examines age-related differences in the subjective, behavioral, and physiological outcomes of instructed ER strategies that may be initiated after an emotional event has occurred; attentional deployment, cognitive change, and response modulation. Within-process strategy, stimulus type, and valence were also tested as potential moderators of the effect of age on ER. A systematic search of the literature identified 156 relevant comparisons from 11 studies. Few age-related differences were found. In our analysis of the subjective outcome of response modulation strategies, young adults used expressive enhancement successfully (g = 0.48), but not expressive suppression (g = 0.04). Response modulation strategies had a small positive effect among older adults, and enhancement vs suppression did not moderate this success (g = 0.31 and g = 0.10, respectively). Young adults effectively used response modulation to regulate subjective emotion in response to pictures (g = 0.41) but not films (g = 0.01). Older adults were able to regulate in response to both pictures (g = 0.26) and films (g = 0.11). Interestingly, both age groups effectively used detached reappraisal, but not positive reappraisal to regulate emotional behavior. We conclude that, in line with well-established theories of socioemotional aging, there is a lack of evidence for age differences in the effects of instructed ER strategies, with some moderators suggesting more consistent effectiveness for older compared to younger adults.

Brown, J, Jiménez, AL, Sabanathan, D, Sekamanya, S, Hough, M, Sutton, J, Rodríguez, J & García Coll, C 2018, 'Factors related to attitudes toward diversity in Australia, Malaysia, and Puerto Rico', Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 475-493.
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Brunner, M, Hemsley, B, Dann, S, Togher, L & Palmer, S 2018, 'Hashtag #TBI: A content and network data analysis of tweets about Traumatic Brain Injury', Brain Injury, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 49-63.
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© 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Objective: The aims of this study were to: (a) determine how Twitter is used by people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and TBI organisations, (b) analyse the Twitter networks and content of tweets tagged with TBI-related hashtags, and (c) identify any challenges people with TBI encounter in using Twitter. Research Design: Mixed methods in a Twitter hashtag study. Methods: Mixed methods in a Twitter hashtag study. Tweets tagged with TBI-related hashtags were harvested from the Twitter website over a one-month period in 2016 and analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results: The sample of 29,199 tweets included tweets sent by 893 @users, 219 of whom had a brain injury. Twitter was used to: (a) discuss health issues, (b) raise awareness of TBI, (c) talk about life after TBI, (d) talk about sport and concussion, and (e) communicate inspirational messages. Conclusions: Twitter is an important platform for research and knowledge translation on TBI, and for hearing the voices of people with TBI as they express their personal views and stories of living with TBI and become more visible and influential in Twitter communities. TBI clinicians could use these narratives of people with TBI in Twitter to develop more effective and personally meaningful rehabilitation goals.

Bulsara, SM, Wainberg, ML & Newton-John, TRO 2018, 'Predictors of Adult Retention in HIV Care: A Systematic Review', AIDS and Behavior, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 752-764.
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© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify predictors of poor adult retention in HIV medical care in developed and developing countries. An electronic search was conducted with MEDLINE (OVID), PubMED, EBSCO, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases, as well as manual searches. Original, quantitative, adult studies in English, published between 1995 and 2015 were included. Only those with a focus on predictors of retention in care were reported on. Of the 345 articles identified, thirty were included following an independent assessment by two raters. In developed countries, the most frequently cited predictors of poor retention were active substance use and demographic factors. In developing countries, physical health factors were most frequently associated with poor retention in care. The results from this review suggests primary concerns for poor retention include substance use and physical health factors. Other psychosocial factors, such as psychiatric illness and social/welfare factors, were also found to be relevant.

Burton, A, Mitchison, D, Hay, P, Donnelly, B, Thornton, C, Russell, J, Swinbourne, J, Basten, C, Goldstein, M, Touyz, S & Abbott, M 2018, 'Beliefs about Binge Eating: Psychometric Properties of the Eating Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ-18) in Eating Disorder, Obese, and Community Samples', Nutrients, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 1306-1306.
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Binge eating is a core diagnostic feature of bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa binge/purge type, and is a common feature of “other specified” and “unspecified” feeding and eating disorders. It has been suggested that specific metacognitive beliefs about food, eating, and binge eating may play a key role in the maintenance of binge eating behaviour. The Eating Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ-18) provides a brief self-report assessment tool measuring three types of metacognitive beliefs: negative, positive, and permissive beliefs about food and eating. This study aimed to build on past research by validating the factor structure and psychometric properties of the EBQ-18 using both a clinical and non-clinical sample. A sample of 688 participants (n = 498 non-clinical participants, n = 161 participants seeking treatment for an eating disorder, and n = 29 participants seeking treatment for obesity) completed a battery of questionnaires, including the EBQ-18 and other measures of eating disorder symptoms and relevant constructs. A subset of 100 non-clinical participants completed the test battery again after an interval of two-weeks, and 38 clinical participants completed the EBQ-18 before and after receiving psychological treatment for their eating disorder. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted and psychometric properties of this measure were assessed. The results of this study provide support for the three-factor model of the EBQ-18. In addition, the EBQ-18 was found to be a valid and reliable measure, with excellent internal consistency, good test-retest reliability in the non-clinical sample, and also demonstrated evidence of sensitivity to treatment in clinical samples with binge eating pathology. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to identify optimal cut-off scores for the EBQ-18. This study provides valuable information about the utility of the EBQ-18 as a measure for use in both cli...

Burton, AL & Abbott, MJ 2018, 'The revised short-form of the Eating Beliefs Questionnaire: Measuring positive, negative, and permissive beliefs about binge eating', Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 37.
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BACKGROUND: The Eating Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ) is a self-report assessment tool that measures positive and negative beliefs about food and eating that are believed to play a key role in maintaining binge eating behaviour that occurs in individuals with Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder and other atypical eating disorders. The present study aimed to further refine this measure with the addition of a third scale to assess permissive beliefs about eating, also thought to play a crucial role in the maintenance of binge eating. Permissive beliefs are defined as beliefs about eating that provide justification for the individual to engage in a binge eating episode. METHODS: After consultation with the literature and endorsement from 10 experts in eating disorders, 19 permissive belief items were generated. Eight hundred eighty-three participants were recruited to complete a test battery online that included the EBQ and the new permissive items. RESULTS: An exploratory factor analysis (n = 441) found a three-factor solution (positive, negative and permissive beliefs) explaining 63.4% of variance. A confirmatory factor analysis (n = 442) provided support for the three-factor model, with the data best supporting a shorter 18-item questionnaire. The revised scale demonstrated good internal consistency, as well as good convergent validity with measures of related eating disorder symptoms, emotional regulation, mood and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: With the addition of a third scale to measure permissive beliefs, the revised short-form of the EBQ offers clinicians and researchers a brief comprehensive tool for the measurement of positive, negative and permissive beliefs about binge eating.

Cadilhac, DA, Busingye, D, Li, JC, Andrew, NE, Kilkenny, MF, Thrift, AG, Thijs, V, Hackett, ML, Kneebone, I, Lannin, NA, Stewart, A, Dempsey, I & Cameron, J 2018, 'Development of an electronic health message system to support recovery after stroke: Inspiring Virtual Enabled Resources following Vascular Events (iVERVE)', Patient Preference and Adherence, vol. Volume 12, pp. 1213-1224.
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© 2018 Cadilhac et al. Purpose: Worldwide, stroke is a leading cause of disease burden. Many survivors have unmet needs after discharge from hospital. Electronic communication technology to support post-discharge care has not been used for patients with stroke. In this paper, we describe the development of a novel electronic messaging system designed for survivors of stroke to support their goals of recovery and secondary prevention after hospital discharge. Participants and methods: This was a formative evaluation study. The design was informed by a literature search, existing data from survivors of stroke, and behavior change theories. We established two working groups; one for developing the electronic infrastructure and the other (comprising researchers, clinical experts and consumer representatives) for establishing the patient-centered program. Following agreement on the categories for the goal-setting menu, we drafted relevant messages to support and educate patients. These messages were then independently reviewed by multiple topic experts. Concurrently, we established an online database to capture participant characteristics and then integrated this database with a purpose-built messaging system. We conducted alpha testing of the approach using the first 60 messages. Results: The initial goal-setting menu comprised 26 subcategories. Following expert review, another 8 goal subcategories were added to the secondary prevention category: managing cholesterol; smoking; physical activity; alcohol consumption; weight management; medication management; access to health professionals, and self-care. Initially, 455 health messages were created by members of working group 2. Following refinement and mapping to different goals by the project team, 980 health messages across the health goals and 69 general motivational messages were formulated. Seventeen independent reviewers assessed the messages and suggested adding 73 messages and removing 16 (2%). Overa...

Chan, DKY, Sherrington, C, Naganathan, V, Xu, YH, Chen, J, Ko, A, Kneebone, I & Cumming, R 2018, 'Key issues to consider and innovative ideas on fall prevention in the geriatric department of a teaching hospital', Australasian Journal on Ageing, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 140-143.
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Falls in hospital are common and up to 70% result in injury, leading to increased length of stay and accounting for 10% of patient safety‐related deaths. Yet, high‐quality evidence guiding best practice is lacking. Fall prevention strategies have worked in some trials but not in others. Differences in study setting (acute, subacute, rehabilitation) and sampling of patients (cognitively intact or impaired) may explain the difference in results. This article discusses these important issues and describes the strategies to prevent falls in the acute hospital setting we have studied, which engage the cognitively impaired who are more likely to fall. We have used video clips rather than verbal instruction to educate patients, and are optimistic that this approach may work. We have also explored the option of co‐locating high fall risk patients in a close observation room for supervision, with promising results. Further studies, using larger sample sizes are required to confirm our findings.

Chen, Z, You, J, Liu, X, Cooper, S, Hodge, C, Sutton, G, Crook, JM & Wallace, GG 2018, 'Biomaterials for corneal bioengineering', Biomedical Materials, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 032002-032002.
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© 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd. Corneal transplantation is an important surgical treatment for many common corneal diseases. However, a worldwide shortage of tissue from suitable corneal donors has meant that many people are not able to receive sight-restoring operations. In addition, rejection is a major cause of corneal transplant failure. Bioengineering corneal tissue has recently gained widespread attention. In order to facilitate corneal regeneration, a range of materials is currently being investigated. The ideal substrate requires sufficient tectonic durability, biocompatibility with cultured cellular elements, transparency, and perhaps biodegradability and clinical compliance. This review considers the anatomy and function of the native cornea as a precursor to evaluating a variety of biomaterials for corneal regeneration including key characteristics for optimal material form and function. The integration of appropriate cells with the most appropriate biomaterials is also discussed. Taken together, the information provided offers insight into the requirements for fabricating synthetic and semisynthetic corneas for in vitro modeling of tissue development and disease, pharmaceutical screening, and in vivo application for regenerative medicine.

Cheyne, JE, del Pozo de Bolger, A & Wootton, BM 2018, 'Reliability and validity of the Trichotillomania Dimensional Scale (TTM-D)', Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, vol. 19, pp. 61-65.
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© 2018 Elsevier Inc. Trichotillomania (TTM) is characterized by repetitive hair pulling resulting in hair loss. The Trichotillomania Dimensional Scale (TTM-D) is a newly developed DSM-5 scale that aims to assess the symptoms of TTM dimensionally. The aim of this current study was to examine the psychometric properties of the TTM-D in a sample of 483 participants. Principal Component Analysis indicated a single factor structure of the TTM-D. Internal consistency and test retest reliability was high (α = 0.89 and r = 0.91 respectively). The TTM-D demonstrated excellent convergent validity with the Massachusetts General Hospital Hair Pulling Scale (MGH-HPS; rs = 0.90) and divergent validity with the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21; rs = 0.45). Further, the TTM-D demonstrated equivalence between online and pen-and-paper administrations (rs = 0.93). The findings suggest that the psychometric properties of TTM-D are sound and well supported within a community sample.

Clarke, A, Meredith, PJ, Rose, TA & Daubney, M 2018, 'A role for epistemic trust in speech-language pathology: A tutorial paper', Journal of Communication Disorders, vol. 72, pp. 54-63.
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Clunne, SJ, Ryan, BJ, Hill, AJ, Brandenburg, C & Kneebone, I 2018, 'Accessibility and Applicability of Currently Available e-Mental Health Programs for Depression for People With Poststroke Aphasia: Scoping Review', Journal of Medical Internet Research, vol. 20, no. 12, pp. e291-e291.
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© Stephanie Jane Clunne, Brooke Jade Ryan, Annie Jane Hill, Caitlin Brandenburg, Ian Kneebone. Background: Depression affects approximately 60% of people with aphasia 1 year post stroke and is associated with disability, lower quality of life, and mortality. Web-delivered mental health (e-mental health) programs are effective, convenient, and cost-effective for the general population and thus are increasingly used in the management of depression. However, it is unknown if such services are applicable and communicatively accessible to people with poststroke aphasia. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify freely available e-mental health programs for depression and determine their applicability and accessibility for people with poststroke aphasia. Methods: A Web-based search was conducted to identify and review freely available e-mental health programs for depression. These programs were then evaluated in terms of their (1) general features via a general evaluation tool, (2) communicative accessibility for people with aphasia via an aphasia-specific communicative accessibility evaluation tool, and (3) empirical evidence for the general population and stroke survivors with and without aphasia. The program that met the most general evaluation criteria and aphasia-specific communicative accessibility evaluation criteria was then trialed by a small subgroup of people with poststroke aphasia. Results: A total of 8 programs were identified. Of these, 4 had published evidence in support of their efficacy for use within the general population. However, no empirical evidence was identified that specifically supported any programs’ use for stroke survivors with or without aphasia. One evidence-based program scored at least 80% (16/19 and 16/20, respectively) on both the general and aphasia-specific communicative accessibility evaluation tools and was subject to a preliminary trial by 3 people with poststroke aphasia. During this trial, participants were e...

Cohen, R, Newton-John, T & Slater, A 2018, '‘Selfie’-objectification: The role of selfies in self-objectification and disordered eating in young women', Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 79, pp. 68-74.
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© 2017 Existing research demonstrates a relationship between social networking site (SNS) use and body-related concerns and disordered eating amongst females. Preliminary evidence indicates that SNS photo activities (e.g., taking and sharing 'selfies’) may play a particularly important role. The present study aimed to use self-objectification as a framework to examine the relationship between SNS photo activities and body-related and eating concerns in a population of young women. Participants were 259 young women (age 18–29; M = 22.97, SD = 3.25) who completed self-report questionnaires of SNS use and body-related and disordered eating concerns. Results showed that SNS 'selfie’ activities, rather than general SNS usage, were associated with body-related and eating concerns. Specifically, greater investment in 'selfie’ activities was associated with increased body dissatisfaction and bulimia symptomatology, even after accounting for known risk factors such as thin-ideal internalisation and body mass index (BMI). Moreover, self-objectification was found to moderate the relationship between photo investment and bulimia symptomatology. These findings indicate that active engagement with SNS photo activities, rather than general SNS use, shows an association with body-related and eating concerns. Interventions targeting specific SNS photo activities may be an effective avenue for the prevention and management of body-related concerns and disordered eating in young women.

Collis, S, Gaff, C, Wake, S & McEwen, A 2018, 'Genetic Counsellors and Private Practice: Professional Turbulence and Common Values', Journal of Genetic Counseling, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 782-791.
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AbstractGenetic counsellors face tensions between past and future identities: between established values and goals, and a broadening scope of settings and activities. This study examines the advent of genetic counsellors in private practice in Australia and New Zealand from the perspectives of the small numbers working in this sector and those who have only worked in public practice. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 16 genetic counsellors who had experience in private practice, and 14 genetic counsellors without private sector experience. Results demonstrated that circumstantial and personal factors can mitigate the challenges experienced and the amount of support desired by those who had established a private practice, and those who were employed by private companies. Notably, most participants with private sector experience perceived themselves to be viewed negatively by other genetic counsellors. Most participants without private sector experience expressed concern that the challenges they believed genetic counsellors face in private practice may impact service quality, but wished to address such concerns by providing appropriate support. Together, our results reinforce that participants in private and public sectors are strong advocates for peer support, multidisciplinary team work, and professional development. These core values, and seeking understanding of different circumstances and support needs, will enable genetic counsellors in different sectors to move forward together. Our results suggest supports that may be acted upon by members of the profession, professional groups, and training programs, in Australia, New Zealand, and overseas.

Crespo-Gonzalez, C, Fernandez-Llimos, F, Rotta, I, Correr, CJ, Benrimoj, SI & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2018, 'Characterization of pharmacists' interventions in asthma management: A systematic review', Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 210-219.
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Objective Pharmacists have adopted an active role in asthma management. This review aimed to analyze the intervention dose, understood as the “amount of program delivered,” and core components of the intervention provided by pharmacists in asthma management. Data sources A literature search was conducted in December 2016 using PubMed. Study selection A 2-stage approach was used. At the first stage, systematic reviews of pharmacists' interventions in asthma management were identified. At the second stage, primary studies included in the systematic reviews were selected. Data extraction The DEPICT-2 (Descriptive Elements of Pharmacist Intervention Characterization Tool) was used for data extraction. In addition GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) guidelines were used as a reference to classify the interventions' core components. Results Thirty-one studies were included. In most of the studies, the pharmacist–patient intervention occurred at the community pharmacy setting (n = 22). The most common core components used in pharmacists' interventions were the provision of drug information and patient counseling (n = 27). Pharmacists' interventions frequently were targeted at assessing and improving the use of patient's inhaler technique (n = 27). Educational materials and written action plans were the materials most commonly used in the interventions (n = 20). The duration (n = 13) and the frequency (n = 16) of the intervention were the most frequent information about the intervention dose measure reported. Conclusion Pharmacists' interventions in asthma management are complex. Structured educational programs and patient counseling appear to be the most frequent core components of pharmacists' interventions. Interventions were focused on providing information about the condition and on inhaler technique assessment and training. However, most studies failed to report the intervention dose sufficiently to be reproduced. The reporting of this indicator is crucial to ...

Crook, A, Hogden, A, Mumford, V & Rowe, D 2018, 'ISQUA18-1466Facing the Challenges of Genetic Testing: Family Member Experiences', International Journal for Quality in Health Care, vol. 30, no. suppl_2, pp. 50-50.
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Croteau, C, McMahon-Morin, P, Le Dorze, G, Power, E, Fortier-Blanc, J & Davis, GA 2018, 'Exploration of a quantitative method for measuring behaviors in conversation', Aphasiology, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 247-263.
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© 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Background: The literature on communication partner training (CPT) includes mainly studies with a small number of participants, because methods to measure changes in conversation pose practical challenges limiting the analysis of large samples. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore a quantitative procedure that would allow one to measure specific behavioral changes occurring in conversational exchanges involving a person with aphasia and a partner. Methods & Procedures: Forty-three problem-solving situations presented visually as well as with a simple written explanation were created to elicit conversation. In order to test the situations and develop further a procedure, we used data from a spouse of a man with aphasia during CPT delivered in a clinical setting. We developed specific definitions related to conversational behaviors targeted in the CPT. These defined behaviors were analyzed using a transcription-less method and an annotation software in the couple’s 39 conversation samples collected before, throughout, and 3-months post CPT. Reliability data were collected. Outcomes & Results: The procedure enabled us to create a protocol with two types of conversational situations and reliable definitions for measurement of conversational behaviors in a timely fashion. Pilot data of the measures are provided. Conclusions: It is expected that the method presented in this pilot study may be used to document the outcomes of CPT. It could be used with single-subject designs that require repeated measures and multiple group designs that require comparable data over large samples. It provides a method of data collection and analysis to better evaluate the effects of conversation-based treatments such as CPT.

Cullen, P, Clapham, K, Lo, S, Rogers, K, Hunter, K, Treacy, R, Porykali, B, Keay, L, Senserrick, T & Ivers, R 2018, 'Communities driving change: evaluation of an Aboriginal driver licensing programme in Australia', Health Promotion International, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 925-937.
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© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. The Driving Change programme was developed to facilitate access to licensing in Aboriginal communities in Australia. This process evaluation aimed to explore whether Driving Change was implemented as intended and was addressing the needs of the communities. A mixed methods approach was used, with triangulation of client data (n = 984), semi-structured interviews (n = 18) and client discussion groups (n = 21). Descriptive and regression analyses of quantitative and thematic analysis of qualitative data were drawn together to develop an integrated understanding of implementation barriers and facilitators. The programme reached 984 clients, with the majority from the target age group 16–24 years (56–89%). In multivariate analysis, clients who had supervised driving practice were 2.4 times more likely to attain a licence (95% CI: 1.9–3.1) and clients who received a high level of case management were 1.8 times more likely to progress to attain a licence than those who received low levels of case management (95% CI: 1.3–2.6). Implementation was facilitated by community partnerships and this was attributed to local delivery, Aboriginal leadership, connections with community networks and community ownership of solutions. Driving Change is engaging communities and reaching clients with a high level of need for licensing support. The programme is working with communities, benefiting from the input of cultural values and sharing ownership of local solutions. Community partnerships were critical to successfully supporting clients to overcome challenging barriers to participation. The learnings from this programme are relevant to complex community programme implementation and evaluation, particularly with diverse or hard to reach populations.

Cutler, RL, Fernandez-Llimos, F, Frommer, M, Benrimoj, C & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2018, 'Economic impact of medication non-adherence by disease groups: a systematic review', BMJ Open, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. e016982-e016982.
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ObjectiveTo determine the economic impact of medication non-adherence across multiple disease groups.DesignSystematic review.Evidence reviewA comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus in September 2017. Studies quantifying the cost of medication non-adherence in relation to economic impact were included. Relevant information was extracted and quality assessed using the Drummond checklist.ResultsSeventy-nine individual studies assessing the cost of medication non-adherence across 14 disease groups were included. Wide-scoping cost variations were reported, with lower levels of adherence generally associated with higher total costs. The annual adjusted disease-specific economic cost of non-adherence per person ranged from $949 to $44 190 (in 2015 US$). Costs attributed to ‘all causes’ non-adherence ranged from $5271 to $52 341. Medication possession ratio was the metric most used to calculate patient adherence, with varying cut-off points defining non-adherence. The main indicators used to measure the cost of non-adherence were total cost or total healthcare cost (83% of studies), pharmacy costs (70%), inpatient costs (46%), outpatient costs (50%), emergency department visit costs (27%), medical costs (29%) and hospitalisation costs (18%). Drummond quality assessment yielded 10 studies of high quality with all studies performing partial economic evaluations to varying extents.ConclusionMedication non-adherence places a significant cost burden on healthcare systems. Current research assessing the economic impact of medication non-adherence is limited and of varying quality, failing to provide adaptable data to influence health policy. The corr...

Day, MA, Ward, LC, Thorn, BE, Lang, CP, Newton-John, TRO, Ehde, DM & Jensen, MP 2018, 'The Pain-Related Cognitive Processes Questionnaire: Development and Validation', Pain Medicine, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 269-283.
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Objective.:  Cognitive processes may be characterized as how individuals think, whereas cognitive content constitutes what individuals think. Both cognitive processes and cognitive content are theorized to play important roles in chronic pain adjustment, and treatments have been developed to target both. However, the evaluation of treatments that target cognitive processes is limited because extant measures do not satisfactorily separate cognitive process from cognitive content. The current study aimed to develop a self-report inventory of potentially adaptive and presumed maladaptive attentional processes that may occur when someone is experiencing pain. Methods.:  Scales were derived from a large item pool by successively applying confirmatory factor analysis to item data from two undergraduate samples (N = 393 and 233). Results.:  Items, which were generated to avoid confounding of cognitive content with cognitive processes, represented nine constructs: Suppression, Distraction, Enhancement, Dissociation, Reappraisal, Absorption, Rumination, Nonjudgment, and Acceptance. The resulting nine scales formed the Pain-Related Cognitive Process Questionnaire (PCPQ), and scale correlations produced four conceptually distinct composite scales: Pain Diversion, Pain Distancing, Pain Focus, and Pain Openness. Internal consistency reliabilities of the nine scales were adequate (α ≥ 0.70) to good, and the four composite scales had α values of 0.79 or higher. Correlations with pain-related criterion variables were generally consistent with putative constructs. Conclusions.:  The developed PCPQ scales offer a comprehensive assessment of important cognitive processes specific to pain. Overall, the findings suggest that the PCPQ scales may prove useful for evaluating the role of pain-related cognitive processes in studies of chronic pain.

de Jongh, T & Verhagen, A 2018, 'Behandeling van aspecifieke nekpijn', Huisarts en wetenschap, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 62-64.
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De Rubis, G, Krishnan, SR & Bebawy, M 2018, 'Circulating tumor DNA – Current state of play and future perspectives', Pharmacological Research, vol. 136, pp. 35-44.
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© 2018 Elsevier Ltd Cancer management paradigms are shifting towards a personalized approach thanks to the advent of the -omics technologies. Liquid biopsies, consisting in the sampling of blood and other bodily fluids, are emerging as a valid alternative to circulating tumor biomarkers and tumor tissue biopsies for cancer diagnosis, routine monitoring and prognostication. The content of a liquid biopsy is referred to as the “tumor circulome”. Among its components, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), including both cell-free and exosome-associated DNA, is the most widely characterized element. ctDNA analysis has a tremendous capability in the diagnostic arena. Its potential has been demonstrated at each level of disease staging and management and supported by a recent FDA approval for companion diagnostic, and the investments being made by pharmaceutical companies in this sector are numerous. The approaches available for ctDNA analysis allow both quantitative and qualitative studies and range from PCR and dPCR-mediated single/multiple gene mutational assessment to whole genome next generation sequencing and methylation mapping. Although the principal object of a liquid biopsy is blood, other body fluids such as urine and saliva show potential as complementary DNA sources for tumor analysis. In this review we provide a synopsis on the state of play of current ctDNA application. We discuss the clinical significance of ctDNA analysis and review the state of the art of technologies being currently developed to this aim. We also discuss the current issues limiting ctDNA application and highlight the promising approaches being developed to overcome these.

Dear, BF, Courtney, C, Khor, KE, McDonald, S, Ricciardi, T, Gandy, M, Fogliati, VJ & Titov, N 2018, 'The Pain Course', The Clinical Journal of Pain, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 505-514.
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Background: This study examined the acceptability and preliminary outcomes of an internet-delivered pain management program, the Pain Course, when offered by a specialist pain management clinic in a large public hospital. Methods: A single-group feasibility open-trial design was used and 39 patients participated in the program, which ran for 8 weeks. Participants were supported through the program with weekly contact from a Clinical Psychologist at the clinic. Results: All participants provided data at posttreatment and >90% of participants completed all 5 lessons of the course. High levels of satisfaction were observed and relatively little clinician time (M=71.99 min/participant; SD=32.82 min) was required to support patients through the program. Preliminary evidence of clinical improvements in depression symptoms (avg. improvement=38%; Cohen d=0.74), but not disability levels or anxiety symptoms, was observed in the overall sample. However, evidence of improvements was observed across all the primary outcomes among patients who had clinical levels of difficulties with disability (n=20; avg. improvement=11%; Cohen d=0.64), depression (n=17; avg. improvement=35%; Cohen d=1.24) and anxiety (n=8; avg. improvement=29%; Cohen d=0.57). Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential value of internet-delivered programs when provided by specialist pain management clin...

Dear, BF, Fogliati, VJ, Fogliati, R, Gandy, M, McDonald, S, Talley, N, Holtmann, G, Titov, N & Jones, M 2018, 'Transdiagnostic internet-delivered cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) for adults with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID): A feasibility open trial', Journal of Psychosomatic Research, vol. 108, pp. 61-69.
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Many people with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) face significant barriers in accessing psychological treatments that are known to reduce symptoms and their psychological sequelae. This study examined the feasibility and initial outcomes of a transdiagnostic and internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (iCBT) intervention, the Chronic Conditions Course, for adults with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). A single-group feasibility open trial design was employed and administered to twenty seven participants. The course ran for 8 weeks and was provided with weekly contact from a Clinical Psychologist. Seventy percent of participants completed the course within the 8 weeks and 81.5% provided data at post-treatment. High levels of satisfaction were observed and relatively little clinician time (M = 42.70 min per participant; SD = 46.25 min) was required. Evidence of clinical improvements in FGID symptoms (ds ≥ 0.46; avg. improvement ≥21%), anxiety symptoms (ds ≥ 0.99; avg. improvement ≥42%), and depression symptoms (ds ≥ 0.75; avg. improvement ≥35%) were observed, which either maintained or continued to improve to 3-month follow-up. Evidence of improvement was also observed in pain catastrophising and mental-health related quality of life, but not physical-health related quality of life. These findings highlight the potential value of transdiagnostic internet-delivered programs for adults with FGIDs and support for the conduct of larger-scale controlled studies.

Dear, BF, Gandy, M, Karin, E, Fogliati, R, Fogliati, VJ, Staples, LG, Wootton, BM, Sharpe, L & Titov, N 2018, 'The Pain Course: 12- and 24-Month Outcomes From a Randomized Controlled Trial of an Internet-Delivered Pain Management Program Provided With Different Levels of Clinician Support', The Journal of Pain, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 1491-1503.
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© 2018 the American Pain Society Little is known about the long-term outcomes of emerging Internet-delivered pain management programs. The current study reports the 12- and 24-month follow-up data from a randomized controlled trial (n = 490) of an Internet-delivered pain management program, the Pain Course. The initial results of the trial to the 3-month follow-up have been reported elsewhere. There were significant improvements in disability, depression, anxiety, and pain levels across 3 treatment groups receiving different levels of clinician support compared with a treatment as the usual control. No marked or significant differences were found between the treatment groups either after treatment or at the 3-month follow-up. The current study obtained long-term follow-up data from 78% and 79% of participants (n = 397) at the 12-month and 24-month follow-up marks, respectively. Clinically significant decreases (average percent reduction; Cohen's d effect sizes) were maintained at the 12- and 24-month follow-ups for disability (average reduction ≥27%; d ≥.67), depression (average reduction ≥36%; d ≥.80), anxiety (average reduction ≥38%; d ≥.66), and average pain levels (average reduction ≥21%; d ≥.67). No marked or consistent differences were found among the 3 treatment groups. These findings suggest that the outcomes of Internet-delivered programs may be maintained over the long term. Perspective: This article presents the long-term outcome data of an established Internet-delivered pain management program for adults with chronic pain. The clinical improvements observed during the program were found to be maintained at the 12- and 24-month follow-up marks. This finding indicates that these programs can have lasting clinical effects.

Deveza, LA, Bierma-Zeinstra, SMA, van Spil, WE, Oo, WM, Saragiotto, BT, Neogi, T, van Middelkoop, M & Hunter, DJ 2018, 'Efficacy of bisphosphonates in specific knee osteoarthritis subpopulations: protocol for an OA Trial Bank systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis', BMJ Open, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. e023889-e023889.
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IntroductionRandomised clinical trials to date investigating the efficacy of bisphosphonates in knee osteoarthritis (OA) have found divergent results, with a recent meta-analysis finding no superiority of these drugs over placebo. Whether particular patient subgroups are more likely to benefit from this therapy than others is still unclear. We aim to investigate the effects of bisphosphonates compared with a control group (placebo, no treatment, another active treatment) on clinical and structural outcomes in specific knee OA subpopulations with possible distinct rates of subchondral bone turnover.Methods and analysisMedline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Sciences and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be searched from inception to February 2018. Randomised clinical trials will be eligible if they reported at least one potential treatment effect modifier at baseline: gender, menopausal status, age, body mass index, radiographic stage, knee pain severity, presence of bone marrow lesions, levels of biochemical markers of bone turnover (serum and/or urinary) and systemic bone mineral density status. Authors of original trials will be contacted to obtain individual patient data from each study. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. The primary outcomes will include pain and radiographic joint space width loss. Studies using other MRI-based assessment of disease progression will also be eligible. Outcomes will be grouped into short-term (≤3 months), intermediate-term (>3 months; ≤12 months) and long-term (>12 months). Regression models will be used, adding an interaction term for each subgroup of interest to determine possible subgroup effects. There was no source of funding for this study.Ethics and disseminationDissemination of our findings i...

Dickes, A, Kemmis-Riggs, J & McAloon, J 2018, 'Methodological Challenges to the Evaluation of Interventions for Foster/Kinship Carers and Children: A Systematic Review', Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 109-145.
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© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Caregivers of children in alternative care face a complex range of challenges that can result in placement disruption and poor long-term outcomes. Interventions designed to help carers meet these challenges report positive outcomes. Nevertheless, several reviewers have reported these positive results may be mitigated by limitations in trial methodology. This review aims to systematically review these methodological challenges and limitations, to provide an analysis of the current state of the evidence base for these interventions. A systematic review was conducted into the methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for foster and kinship carers. Limitations relating to internal validity, external validity and clinical heterogeneity were identified and synthesised. Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria. The quality of methods used in the included studies is mixed, with high and unknown levels of bias in the majority of trials. Heterogeneity in participant characteristics, intervention aims and outcome measures across interventions reflect the diversity of carer and child needs and make it difficult to generalise results or compare and synthesise the efficacy of different interventions. These factors limit the application of trial results to evidence-based clinical practice. The diverse and complex needs of this population present significant challenges to robustly evaluating interventions for foster/kinship families. Participant needs, theoretical approaches, intervention aims and outcome measures need to be better coordinated, both within trials and across the field. Exploratory research should be used to generate focussed and concrete hypotheses that can be robustly tested in high-quality randomised controlled trials. Protocol registration number: CRD 42017048415.

Dive, L & Newson, AJ 2018, 'Reconceptualizing Autonomy for Bioethics', Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 171-203.
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Donnelly, B, Touyz, S, Hay, P, Burton, A, Russell, J & Caterson, I 2018, 'Neuroimaging in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder: a systematic review', Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 3.
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OBJECTIVE: In recent decades there has been growing interest in the use of neuroimaging techniques to explore the structural and functional brain changes that take place in those with eating disorders. However, to date, the majority of research has focused on patients with anorexia nervosa. This systematic review addresses a gap in the literature by providing an examination of the published literature on the neurobiology of individuals who binge eat; specifically, individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED). METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, PsycInfo, Medline and Web of Science, and additional hand searches through reference lists. 1,003 papers were identified in the database search. Published studies were included if they were an original research paper written in English; studied humans only; used samples of participants with a diagnosed eating disorder characterised by recurrent binge eating; included a healthy control sample; and reported group comparisons between clinical groups and healthy control groups. RESULTS: Thirty-two papers were included in the systematic review. Significant heterogeneity in the methods used in the included papers coupled with small sample sizes impeded the interpretation of results. Twenty-one papers utilised functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI); seven papers utilized Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with one of these using both MRI and Positron Emission Technology (PET); three studies used Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and one study used PET only. A small number of consistent findings emerged in individuals in the acute phase of illness with BN or BED including: volume reduction and increases across a range of areas; hypoactivity in the frontostriatal circuits; and aberrant responses in the insula, amygdala, middle frontal gyrus and occipital cortex to a range of different stimuli or tasks; a link between il...

Dormann, H, Maas, R, Eickhoff, C, Müller, U, Schulz, M, Brell, D & Thürmann, PA 2018, 'Der bundeseinheitliche Medikationsplan in der Praxis', Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz, vol. 61, no. 9, pp. 1093-1102.
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Since 1 October 2016, all legally insured persons are entitled to a nationwide medication plan (BMP) under certain conditions (according to § 31a SGB V, E-Health Law). The catalogue of measures of the 3rd Action Plan 2013-2015 for the improvement of drug therapy safety (AMTS) provided for the testing of a medication plan in practice, including its acceptance and practicability in three model projects. These three projects - MetropolMediplan 2016, Erfurt, and PRIMA - are presented and recommendations are derived on the basis of the collected findings. Overall, the BMP was welcomed by the participating patients in all projects and led to an increase in satisfaction and an improvement in competence with regard to medication. Both doctors and pharmacists rated the interdisciplinary cooperation via the medium BMP very positively. The high effort and lack of technical infrastructure without electronic availability of the last current version of a BMP of the individual patient was perceived as negative. An original data comparison of the BMP data with the drugs actually taken in the MetropolMediplan 2016 project showed that only 36% of the patients were in agreement with the BMP and the drugs presently taken. The paper version of the BMP has therefore not yet been able to solve the problem of the timeliness and completeness of the medication. In addition to various proposals for the further development of BMP, all parties involved require the BMP to be available electronically across all sectors. The BMP should therefore be an important instrument for improving AMTS in the future.

Dorstyn, D, Roberts, R, Murphy, G, Kneebone, I, Craig, A & Migliorini, C 2018, 'Online Resource to Promote Vocational Interests Among Job Seekers With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Australia', Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol. 99, no. 2, pp. 272-280.
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© 2017 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Objective: To provide a preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of an online resource for job seekers with multiple sclerosis (MS). Design: Randomized controlled design. Setting: Community-dwelling cohort. Participants: Adults (N = 95) with relapsing-remitting or progressive MS were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Forty-five accessed an email delivered, 7 module resource, Work and MS, over a 4 week period. Waitlist control participants (n=50) were offered the opportunity to access Work and MS 4 weeks postenrollment. Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcomes focused on vocational interests (My Vocational Situation Scale) and self-efficacy in job-seeking activities (Job-Procurement Self Efficacy Scale). Secondary outcomes focused on perceived workplace difficulties (Multiple Sclerosis Work Difficulties Questionnaire [MSWDQ]), optimism (Life Orientation Test – Revised), and mood (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Results: Intention-to-treat analyses revealed pre-post gains: participants who accessed Work and MS reported improved confidence in their career goals (My Vocational Situation Scale g=.55; 95% confidence interval [CI],.14–.96; P=.008) and positively reappraised potential workplace difficulties (MSWDQ g range,.42–.47; P range,.023–.042). The effect on job self-efficacy was not significant, but changed in the expected direction (g=.17; 95% CI, –.23 to.57; P=.409). Completer data revealed larger, significant effect estimates (g range,.52–.64; P range,.009–.035). Conclusions: Findings provide preliminary support for the utility of a job information resource, Work and MS, to augment existing employment services. The results also suggest the need to test employment-ready interventions in a larger study population. This might include the addition of online peer support to increase intervention compliance.

Dua, K, Rapalli, VK, Shukla, SD, Singhvi, G, Shastri, MD, Chellappan, DK, Satija, S, Mehta, M, Gulati, M, Pinto, TDJA, Gupta, G & Hansbro, PM 2018, 'Multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis & oxidative stress complexity: Emerging need for novel drug delivery approaches', Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, vol. 107, pp. 1218-1229.
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© 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS Tuberculosis (caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mtb) treatment involves multiple drug regimens for a prolonged period. However, the therapeutic benefit is often limited by poor patient compliance, subsequently leading to treatment failure and development of antibiotic resistance. Notably, oxidative stress is a crucial underlying factor that adversely influences the various treatment regimens in tuberculosis. Little information is available with advanced drug delivery systems that could be effectively utilized, in particular, for targeting the oxidative stress in tuberculosis. Thus, this presents an opportunity to review the utility of various available, controlled-release drug delivery systems (e.g., microspheres, liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers) that could be beneficial in tuberculosis treatments. This will help the biological and formulation scientists to pave a new path in formulating a treatment regimen for multi-drug resistant Mtb.

Essack, S, Bell, J & Shephard, A 2018, 'Community pharmacists—Leaders for antibiotic stewardship in respiratory tract infection', Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 302-307.
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© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd What is known and objective: Hospital-based pharmacists are established antibiotic stewards, but the potential for community pharmacists is largely untapped. This commentary explores the potential leadership role of the community pharmacist in antibiotic stewardship using upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) as an example. Comment: Community pharmacists are well placed for antibiotic stewardship, possessing the capability (knowledge of medicines), opportunity (contact with prescribers and patients) and inherent commitment. Providing further motivation with information on patient education has great potential to change patient behaviour with respect to consulting a healthcare professional for an antibiotic prescription. A Global Respiratory Infection Partnership pharmacy-led educational initiative was shown to have a positive impact and can promote appropriate self-management of URTI and reduce levels of inappropriate antibiotic use. What is new and conclusion: Community pharmacists are ideally placed as antibiotic stewards to lead the quest to contain the threat of antibiotic resistance.

Faiz, A, Weckmann, M, Tasena, H, Vermeulen, CJ, Van den Berge, M, ten Hacken, NHT, Halayko, AJ, Ward, JPT, Lee, TH, Tjin, G, Black, JL, Haghi, M, Xu, C-J, King, GG, Farah, CS, Oliver, BG, Heijink, IH & Burgess, JK 2018, 'Profiling of healthy and asthmatic airway smooth muscle cells following interleukin-1β treatment: a novel role for CCL20 in chronic mucus hypersecretion', European Respiratory Journal, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 1800310-1800310.
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© ERS 2018. Chronic mucus hypersecretion (CMH) contributes to the morbidity and mortality of asthma, and remains uncontrolled by current therapies in the subset of patients with severe, steroidresistant disease. Altered cross-talk between airway epithelium and airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, provides a potential mechanism that influences CMH. This study investigated mechanisms underlying CMH by comparing IL-1β-induced gene expression profiles between asthma and control-derived ASMCs and the subsequent paracrine influence on airway epithelial mucus production in vitro. IL-1β-treated ASMCs from asthmatic patients and healthy donors were profiled using microarray analysis and ELISA. Air-liquid interface (ALI)-cultured CALU-3 and primary airway epithelial cells were treated with identified candidates and mucus production assessed. The IL-1β-induced CCL20 expression and protein release was increased in ASMCs from moderate compared with mild asthmatic patients and healthy controls. IL-1β induced lower MIR146A expression in asthma-derived ASMCs compared with controls. Decreased MIR146A expression was validated in vivo in bronchial biopsies from 16 asthmatic patients versus 39 healthy donors. miR-146a-5p overexpression abrogated CCL20 release in ASMCs. CCL20 treatment of ALI-cultured CALU-3 and primary airway epithelial cells induced mucus production, while CCL20 levels in sputum were associated with increased levels of CMH in asthmatic patients. Elevated CCL20 production by ASMCs, possibly resulting from dysregulated expression of the antiinflammatory miR-146a-5p, may contribute to enhanced mucus production in asthma.

Freeman-Sanderson, AL, Togher, L, Elkins, M & Kenny, B 2018, 'Quality of life improves for tracheostomy patients with return of voice: A mixed methods evaluation of the patient experience across the care continuum', Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, vol. 46, pp. 10-16.
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Gadzhanova, S, Roughead, EE & Pont, LG 2018, 'Antidepressant switching patterns in the elderly', International Psychogeriatrics, vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 1365-1374.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Switching between antidepressants is complex due to potential adverse outcomes such as serotonin syndrome and antidepressant discontinuation syndrome, yet switching is often required due to non-response to initial treatment. This study aimed to examine the patterns and extent of antidepressant switching in a cohort of older adults in long-term residential care.Methods:A cohort study of medication supply data from 6011 aged care residents in 60 long-term care facilities was conducted. Incident antidepressant users were followed for 12 months and their patterns of antidepressant use determined. The type of switching from and to different antidepressant classes was determined according to National and International recommendations for antidepressant switching.Results:In total, 11% (n= 44) of the residents were initiated on an antidepressant medication (n= 402) switched to a different antidepressant agent within 12 months. Residents commenced on a SNRI or TCA were most likely to switch antidepressants (17% in each group). Almost half of the switches (n= 21, 48% of all switches) were not implemented according to guideline recommendations. Direct switch and taper followed by wash out and switch, accounted for all of the inappropriate switching (29% and 71%, respectfully), with half occurring to mirtazapine (N= 7) or from mirtazapine (N= 3).Conclusions:Over one in 10 long-term aged care residents who commence an antidepressant will switch to a different antidepressant within 12 months. Current antidepressant switching practices in long-term residential aged...

Gandy, M, Karin, E, Jones, MP, McDonald, S, Sharpe, L, Titov, N & Dear, BF 2018, 'Exploring psychological mechanisms of clinical response to an internet‐delivered psychological pain management program', European Journal of Pain, vol. 22, no. 8, pp. 1502-1516.
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AbstractBackgroundThe evidence for Internet‐delivered pain management programs for chronic pain is growing, but there is little empirical understanding of how they effect change. Understanding mechanisms of clinical response to these programs could inform their effective development and delivery.MethodsA large sample (n = 396) from a previous randomized controlled trial of a validated internet‐delivered psychological pain management program, the Pain Course, was used to examine the influence of three potential psychological mechanisms (pain acceptance, pain self‐efficacy, fear of movement/re‐injury) on treatment‐related change in disability, depression, anxiety and average pain. Analyses involved generalized estimating equation models for clinical outcomes that adjusted for co‐occurring change in psychological variables. This was paired with cross‐lagged analysis to assess for evidence of causality. Analyses involved two time points, pre‐treatment and post‐treatment.ResultsChanges in pain‐acceptance were strongly associated with changes in three (depression, anxiety and average pain) of the four clinical outcomes. Changes in self‐efficacy were also strongly associated with two (anxiety and average pain) clinical outcomes. These findings suggest that participants were unlikely to improve in these clinical outcomes without also experiencing increases in their pain self‐efficacy and pain acceptance. However, there was no clear evidence from cross‐lagged analyses to currently support these psychological variables as direct mechanisms of clinical improvements. There was only statistical evidence to suggest higher levels of self‐efficacy moderated improvements in depression....

Garcia-Cardenas, V, Perez-Escamilla, B, Fernandez-Llimos, F & Benrimoj, SI 2018, 'The complexity of implementation factors in professional pharmacy services', Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 498-500.
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© 2017 Elsevier Inc. Implementation of professional pharmacy services is a complex process, in which multi-level factors interact and influence implementation process and outcomes at various levels or domains. In this paper the terms that have been used to describe the factors that influence implementation of evidence-based services and their domains are presented. The complex ‘cause-and-effect’ interactions by which implementation factors appear to interact throughout the implementation process are also discussed. Identifying and understanding these complex and causal relationships between different implementation factors, represents a key process in the implementation of any service, in order to assist in the development of tailored implementation strategies. Future research should be directed to gain an understanding of the nature of individual implementation factors, their cause-and-effect interactions, and their relationships. Implementation strategies are less likely to succeed unless these are identified and targeted to the causes identified when designing and planning an implementation strategy.

Gradl, G, Teichert, M, Kieble, M, Werning, J & Schulz, M 2018, 'Comparing outpatient oral antibiotic use in Germany and the Netherlands from 2012 to 2016', Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 1344-1355.
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AbstractPurposeOveruse of antibiotics is of concern, but may differ between European countries. This study compares outpatient use of oral antibiotics between Germany (DE) and the Netherlands (NL).MethodsFor DE, we used the DAPI database with information on dispensings at the expense of the Statutory Health Insurance Funds from > 80% of community pharmacies. For NL, data were obtained from the Dutch Foundation for Pharmaceutical Statistics. Use of oral antibiotics was estimated as defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID), except for age comparisons as packages per 1000 inhabitants annually. National time trends were assessed with linear regression, stratified for the major antibiotic classes, and individual substances.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2016, outpatient antibiotic use was lower in NL than in DE (9.64 vs 14.14 DID in 2016) and non‐significantly decreased slightly over time in both countries. In DE, dispensings of oral antibiotics to children were higher compared with NL for the age groups 2 to 5 (2.0‐fold in 2016) and 6 to 14 years (2.7‐fold in 2016). Use of cephalosporins was very low in NL (0.02 DID in 2016), but the second most frequently dispensed class in DE (2.95 DID in 2016).ConclusionFrom 2012 to 2016, outpatient use of oral antibiotics was lower in NL than in DE. Differences were primarily observed in the age groups 2 to 5 and 6 to 14 years, although the recommendations of evidence‐based guidelines in both countries were in agreement.

Haakonsen Smith, C, Turbitt, E, Muschelli, J, Leonard, L, Lewis, KL, Freedman, B, Muratori, M & Biesecker, BB 2018, 'Feasibility of Coping Effectiveness Training for Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Genetic Counseling Intervention', Journal of Genetic Counseling, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 252-262.
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AbstractCaregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may find it difficult to feel a sense of control and to cope with the overall physical and emotional demands of caring for their child. While caregivers are able to successfully cope with a high level of stress, there are limits to their resources and abilities to cope over time. Genetic counselors working with affected families may be able to help parents more effectively manage stress related to the disorder. Few short‐term interventions have been reported in genetic counseling yet implementation of evidence‐based examples may be achievable. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of a coping effectiveness training (CET) intervention designed to enhance coping self‐efficacy (CSE) among caregivers of children with ASD, with the eventual goal of translating this intervention into genetic counseling practice. A randomized treatment‐control design was used to investigate the feasibility of an intervention using CET among caregivers of children with ASD. The primary outcome was the feasibility of the intervention; the secondary outcome was improvements in CSE in the intervention group as compared to the control group. Caregivers were recruited and randomized into the treatment (n=15) or control (n=13) groups. Of these, 22 completed the study (retention: 78.6%). The intervention was highly feasible; most caregivers found the CET helpful, practical, useful, and relatively easy to attend. The treatment group demonstrated significantly increased CSE from pre‐intervention to post‐intervention (p=0.02). Between group differences were not significant when comparing the pre‐post changes. We provide preliminary evidence that CET may be beneficial to caregivers of children with ASD. The results of this feasibility study support development of a phase II study of this intervention in a larger cohort, aimed to be implemented into a genetic counseling setting.

Haghi, M, Young, PM & Traini, D 2018, 'A Simple and Rapid Method for Deposition and Measurement of Drug Transport Across Air Interface Respiratory Epithelia', AAPS PharmSciTech, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 3272-3276.
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© 2018, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists. The purpose of this study was to present a novel and simple drug deposition method to evaluate drug transport of aerosol microparticles across airway epithelial cells. Microparticles containing ciprofloxacin HCl (Cip) and doxycycline (Dox), alone or in a 50:50% w/w ratio, were spray dried and suspended using 2H, 3H-perfluoropentane, model propellant. The suspension was then used to assess deposition, and transport of these drug microparticles across sub-bronchial epithelial Calu-3 cells was also studied. In comparison with other methods of depositing microparticles, this proposed method, using drug suspended in HPFP, provides control over the amount of drugs applied on the surface of the cells. Therefore, cell permeability studies could be conducted with considerably smaller and more reproducible doses, without the physicochemical characteristics of the drugs being compromised or the use of modified pharmacopeia impactors. The suspension of microparticles in HPFP as presented in this study has provided a non-toxic, simple, and reproducible novel method to deliver and study the permeability of specific quantity of drugs across respiratory epithelial cells in vitro.

Hannan, A, Berle, D, Milicevic, D, Dale, E, Starcevic, V, Brakoulias, V & Viswasam, K 2018, 'Routine treatment duration for clients attending a community based anxiety disorders clinic', Australasian Psychiatry, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 307-310.
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Objective: To determine the average duration of treatment at a community-based anxiety disorders clinic. Method: Data were collected on primary disorder, the presence of co-occurring disorders and treatment length (both in terms of number of sessions and weeks of therapy) for 248 consecutive clients. Results: The mean number of sessions was 13, and average treatment length was 29 weeks. There was substantial variation in treatment duration (range for number of sessions = 1–128, range for treatment duration = 0–186 weeks). Conclusion: Clients with anxiety disorders were often treated in relatively few sessions, in line with randomised controlled trials (RCTs). However, a number of clients required many more sessions and were treated for a longer period of time than clients in RCTs. Health services should be cautious in mandating limits to therapy duration for anxiety disorders given the wide range in the duration of treatment for clients in our sample.

Hemsley, B, Bryant, L, Schlosser, RW, Shane, HC, Lang, R, Paul, D, Banajee, M & Ireland, M 2018, 'Systematic review of facilitated communication 2014–2018 finds no new evidence that messages delivered using facilitated communication are authored by the person with disability', Autism & Developmental Language Impairments, vol. 3, pp. 239694151882157-239694151882157.
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Background and aims Facilitated Communication (FC) is a technique that involves a person with a disability pointing to letters, pictures, or objects on a keyboard or on a communication board, typically with physical support from a “facilitator”. Proponents claim that FC reveals previously undetected literacy and communication skills in people with communication disability. However, systematic reviews conducted up to 2014 reveal no evidence that the messages generated using FC are authored by the person with a disability. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature on FC published between 2014 and 2018 to inform the 2018 update of the 1995 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Position Statement on FC. Method A systematic search was undertaken to locate articles about FC in English published in the peer reviewed literature since 2014; and to classify these according to the study design for analysis. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were classified according to four categories of evidence: (a) quantitative experimental data pertaining to authorship, (b) quantitative descriptive data on messages produced using FC, (c) qualitative data, or (d) commentary material on FC. Main contribution In total, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. There were no new empirical studies and no new descriptive quantitative studies addressing the authorship of messages delivered using FC. Three new qualitative studies qualified for inclusion; these did not first establish authorship. Of the 15 new commentary papers on FC located, 14 were critical and one was non-critical. The results could be used to inform the development or update of current position statements on FC held locally, nationally, and globally. Conclusion

Hemsley, B, McCarthy, S, Adams, N, Georgiou, A, Hill, S & Balandin, S 2018, 'Legal, ethical, and rights issues in the adoption and use of the “My Health Record” by people with communication disability in Australia', Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 506-514.
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© 2017, © 2017 Australasian Society for Intellectual Disability, Inc. Background: The aim of this review was to explore the legal, ethical, and rights issues surrounding use of the Australian My Health Record (MyHR) by people with communication disability. Method: We undertook a narrative review of the legislation and research affecting the implementation of MyHR in populations with communication disability. Results: Use of MyHR by people with communication disability will require careful consideration in relation to (a) capacity and consent; (b) roles of nominated or authorised representatives in the system; and (c) the way decisions are made in relation to the use of MyHR, including supported decision-making for people with intellectual disability. Conclusion: Legal and ethical issues in the use of MyHR by people with communication disability centre on legal rights and equal access. These issues must be addressed if people with communication disability are to have full access to their legal rights and access in exercising personal choice and control in the use of MyHR.

Hemsley, B, Palmer, S, Dann, S & Balandin, S 2018, 'Using Twitter to access the human right of communication for people who use Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)', International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 50-58.
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© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Purpose: Articles 19, 26 and 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Articles 4, 9 and 21 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities promote the human rights of communication, education, use of technology and access to information. Social media is an important form of online communication, and Twitter increases users’ visibility, influence and reach online. The aim of this sociotechnical research was to determine the impact of teaching three people who use Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) to use Twitter. Method: Three participants were trained in ways of using Twitter strategically. Data collected from participants’ Twitter profiles were examined to determine the impact of training on Twitter follower count, frequency of tweeting, tweet content and the development of social networks. Data were also examined using (1) KH Coder software analysis and visualisation of co-occurring networks in the text data, based on word frequencies; and (2) Gephi software analysis to show the Twitter network for each participant. Result: Two participants showed an improvement in Twitter skills and strategies. Conclusions: Twitter can be used to improve social connectedness of people who use AAC, and should not be overlooked in relation to communication rights.

Hemsley, B, Rollo, M, Georgiou, A, Balandin, S & Hill, S 2018, 'The health literacy demands of electronic personal health records (e-PHRs): An integrative review to inform future inclusive research', Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 2-15.
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© 2017 Elsevier B.V. Objective To integrate the findings of research on electronic personal health records (e-PHRs) for an understanding of their health literacy demands on both patients and providers. Methods We sought peer-reviewed primary research in English addressing the health literacy demands of e-PHRs that are online and allow patients any degree of control or input to the record. A synthesis of three theoretical models was used to frame the analysis of 24 studies. Results e-PHRs pose a wide range of health literacy demands on both patients and health service providers. Patient participation in e-PHRs relies not only on their level of education and computer literacy, and attitudes to sharing health information, but also upon their executive function, verbal expression, and understanding of spoken and written language. Conclusion The multiple health literacy demands of e-PHRs must be considered when implementing population-wide initiatives for storing and sharing health information using these systems. Practice implications The health literacy demands of e-PHRs are high and could potentially exclude many patients unless strategies are adopted to support their use of these systems. Developing strategies for all patients to meet or reduce the high health literacy demands of e-PHRs will be important in population-wide implementation.

Hing, N, Russell, AMT & Hronis, A 2018, 'A definition and set of principles for responsible consumption of gambling', International Gambling Studies, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 1-24.
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© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Responsible consumption of gambling (RCG) is now a major paradigm driving industry, government and public health measures that aim to prevent or minimize gambling-related harm. This is reflected in the pervasive message to ‘gamble responsibly’. However, few attempts have been made to define the concept or identify its foundation principles, resulting in substantial ambiguity over what RCG means and its essential characteristics. This study addresses this void by synthesizing findings from a systematic literature review, website analysis and online survey of 107 experts–to develop a set of underlying principles and a definition of RCG. These tasks were facilitated by the reasonably consistent principles found to underpin RCG in the three data sources, despite wide variations in how the construct has previously been defined. Thus, the set of principles of RCG developed in this study (affordability, balance, informed choice, control, enjoyment, harm-free) should attract wide acceptance, as should the definition given that it combines and summarizes these principles. Adopting a consistent definition and set of RCG principles will provide a basis for developing consistent guidelines for consumers, offer direction for public health efforts for gambling harm minimization, and inform government policies and industry measures aiming to support safe gambling.

Hronis, A, Roberts, L & Kneebone, I 2018, 'Assessing the Confidence of Australian Mental Health Practitioners in Delivering Therapy to People With Intellectual Disability', Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 202-211.
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Abstract Research supports the use of psychological therapies among people with mild to moderate intellectual disability (ID). One barrier to people with ID accessing psychological treatments is the confidence of mental health practitioners. This article explores the confidence of Australian clinicians in providing therapy to people with ID. One hundred and fifty-two psychologists and counselors in Australia completed a survey exploring self-reported confidence when working with clients who have ID and mental health difficulties. Clinicians were most confident with generic counseling skills, but less confident with elements of assessments and interventions. The use of treatment protocols was endorsed as helpful particularly among those with low confidence. This highlights the need for dissemination of treatment guides and training to help increase clinician confidence.

Imeson, J, Lowe, R, Onslow, M, Munro, N, Heard, R, O’Brian, S & Arnott, S 2018, 'The Lidcombe Program and child language development: Long-term assessment', Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 860-875.
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© 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis. This study was driven by the need to understand the mechanisms underlying Lidcombe Program treatment efficacy. The aim of the present study was to extend existing data exploring whether stuttering reductions observed when children successfully treated with the Lidcombe Program are associated with restricted language development. Audio recordings of 10-min parent–child conversations at home were transcribed verbatim for 11 pre-school-age children with various stuttering severities. Language samples from three assessments—pre-treatment, 9 and 18 months after beginning treatment—were analysed using SALT software for lexical diversity, utterance length and sentence complexity. At 18 months posttreatment commencement, the children had attained and maintained statistically significant stuttering reductions. During that period, there was no evidence that Lidcombe Program treatment was associated with restricted language development. The continued search for the mechanisms underlying this successful treatment needs to focus on other domains.

Iverach, L, Jones, M, Lowe, R, O’Brian, S, Menzies, RG, Packman, A & Onslow, M 2018, 'Comparison of adults who stutter with and without social anxiety disorder', Journal of Fluency Disorders, vol. 56, pp. 55-68.
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© 2018 Purpose: Social anxiety disorder is a debilitating anxiety disorder associated with significant life impairment. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate overall functioning for adults who stutter with and without a diagnosis of social anxiety disorder. Method: Participants were 275 adults who stuttered (18–80 years), including 219 males (79.6%) and 56 females (20.4%), who were enrolled to commence speech treatment for stuttering. Comparisons were made between participants diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (n = 82, 29.8%) and those without that diagnosis (n = 193, 70.2%). Results: Although the socially anxious group was significantly younger than the non-socially anxious group, no other demographic differences were found. When compared to the non-socially anxious group, the socially anxious group did not demonstrate significantly higher self-reported stuttering severity or percentage of syllables stuttered. Yet the socially anxious group reported more speech dissatisfaction and avoidance of speaking situations, significantly more psychological problems, and a greater negative impact of stuttering. Conclusion: Significant differences in speech and psychological variables between groups suggest that, despite not demonstrating more severe stuttering, socially anxious adults who stutter demonstrate more psychological difficulties and have a more negative view of their speech. The present findings suggest that the demographic status of adults who stutter is not worse for those with social anxiety disorder. These findings pertain to a clinical sample, and cannot be generalized to the wider population of adults who stutter from the general community. Further research is needed to understand the longer-term impact of social anxiety disorder for those who stutter.

Jansen, K, Haugen, DF, Pont, L & Ruths, S 2018, 'Safety and Effectiveness of Palliative Drug Treatment in the Last Days of Life—A Systematic Literature Review', Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 508-521.e3.
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© 2017 The Authors. Context: Dying patients commonly experience potentially distressing symptoms. Palliative care guidelines recommend opioids, anticholinergics, antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines for symptom relief. Objectives: The objective of this study was to systematically review the effectiveness and safety of palliative drug treatment in the last days of life of adult patients, focusing on the management of pain, dyspnea, anxiety, restlessness, and death rattle. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was published before December 2016 in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov, and SveMed+. Studies on safety or effectiveness of drug therapy in dying adults with at least one outcome on symptom control, adverse effects, or survival were included. Data for included studies were extracted. Study quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Quality assessment tool for quantitative studies. Results: Of the 5940 unique titles identified, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Five studies assessed anticholinergics for death rattle, providing no evidence that scopolamine hydrobromide and atropine were superior to placebo. Five studies examined drugs for dyspnea, anxiety, or terminal restlessness, providing some evidence supporting the use of morphine and midazolam. Two studies examined opioids for pain, providing some support for morphine, diamorphine, and fentanyl. Eight studies included safety outcomes, revealing no important differences in adverse effects between the interventions and no evidence for midazolam shortening survival. Conclusion: There is a lack of evidence concerning the effectiveness and safety of palliative drug treatment in dying patients, and the reviewed evidence provides limited guidance for clinicians to assist in a distinct and significant phase of life.

Karel, Y, Thoomes-de Graaf, M, Scholten-Peeters, G, Ferreira, P, Rizopoulos, D, Koes, BW & Verhagen, AP 2018, 'Validity of the Flemish working alliance inventory in a Dutch physiotherapy setting in patients with shoulder pain', Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 384-392.
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Karimi, H, Onslow, M, Jones, M, O’Brian, S, Packman, A, Menzies, R, Reilly, S, Sommer, M & Jelčić-Jakšić, S 2018, 'The Satisfaction with Communication in Everyday Speaking Situations (SCESS) scale: An overarching outcome measure of treatment effect', Journal of Fluency Disorders, vol. 58, pp. 77-85.
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© 2018 Elsevier Inc. Purpose: The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement strongly suggests one primary outcome for clinical trials, yet the outcomes of stuttering treatments span numerous behavioral and psychosocial domains. That presents a roadblock to eventual meta-analysis of clinical trials for adults who stutter. Method: We propose a simple and convenient outcome measure for clinical trials of stuttering treatment for adults that spans whatever behavioral and psychosocial factors might impel clients to seek treatment: a nine-point scale of Satisfaction with Communication in Everyday Speaking Situations (SCESS). The scale consists of one question which is simple, brief, easy to administer, cost-free, and translatable into many languages. The present report develops the SCESS scale by determining its reliability, content validity, and construct validity. Results: Reliability, content validity, and construct validity of the SCESS were confirmed with statistically significant and substantive correlations with speech-related and anxiety-related measures. However, the SCESS did not correlate well with percentage syllables stuttered. Three behavioral and psychosocial measures had the highest correlation with the SCESS: total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering, self-reported stuttering severity, and Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs about Stuttering. Conclusion: The SCESS measure has potential to be applied as an overarching clinical trial outcome measure of stuttering treatment effect. This study provides some preliminary evidence for including it as a primary or secondary outcome in clinical trials of adult stuttering treatments. However, further studies are needed to establish the SCESS responsiveness to different stuttering treatments.

Keay, L, Coxon, K, Chevalier, A, Brown, J, Rogers, K, Clarke, E & Ivers, RQ 2018, 'Sex differences evident in self-reported but not objective measures of driving', Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 111, pp. 155-160.
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© 2017 Elsevier Ltd It has been consistently reported that women self-regulate their driving more than men. Volunteer drivers aged 75 years and older from the suburban outskirts of Sydney, Australia joined a longitudinal study in 2012–2014. GPS in-vehicle monitoring was used to objectively measure driving and surveys of driving patterns. The study included 343 drivers (203/343, 59% men) with an average age of 80 years. Our results revealed that men were 3.85 times more likely to report driving beyond their local shire during the past year (95% CI 2.03–5.72) and 1.81 times more likely to report that they do not avoid night driving (95% CI 1.21–3.22). In contrast sex was not predictive of any objective measure of driving during a one-week period of monitoring. These findings suggest that men and women report different self-regulation practices but that actual driving exposure is quite similar. These findings can inform strategies to promote safe mobility.

Keay, L, Dillon, L, Clemson, L, Tiedemann, A, Sherrington, C, McCluskey, P, Ramulu, P, Jan, S, Rogers, K, Martin, J, Tinsley, F, Jakobsen, KB & Ivers, RQ 2018, 'PrevenTing Falls in a high-risk, vision-impaired population through specialist ORientation and Mobility services: protocol for the PlaTFORM randomised trial', Injury Prevention, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 459-466.
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BackgroundOlder people with vision impairment have significant ongoing morbidity, including risk of falls, but are neglected in fall prevention programmes. PlaTFORM is a pragmatic evaluation of the Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise fall prevention programme for older people with vision impairment or blindness (v-LiFE). Implementation and scalability issues will also be investigated.MethodsPlaTFORM is a single-blinded, randomised trial designed to evaluate the v-LiFE programme compared with usual care. Primary outcomes are fall rate over 12 months, measured using prospective monthly fall calendars, and function and participation assessed by the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (Late-Life FDI) Function component. The secondary outcome is rate of falls requiring medical care. Activity-normalised fall rate will be estimated using accelerometer-measured physical activity data. EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level questionnaire will measure quality of life and impact of falls. Health record linkage will estimate resource use associated with falls. v-LiFE cost-effectiveness will be determined compared with usual care. 500 participants (250 per group) can provide 90% power to detect a significant between-group difference in fall rates; 588 will be recruited to allow for drop-out. Falls per person-year and Late-Life FDI will be compared between groups.DiscussionPlaTFORM will determine if falls can be prevented among older people with vision loss through a home-based exercise programme. v-LiFE embeds balance and strength training within everyday activities with the aim of preventing falls. The study will also determine whether the programme can be effectively delivered by personnel who provide Orientation and Mobility training for people with vision impairment.

Kemmis-Riggs, J, Dickes, A & McAloon, J 2018, 'Program Components of Psychosocial Interventions in Foster and Kinship Care: A Systematic Review', Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 13-40.
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© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Foster children frequently experience early trauma that significantly impacts their neurobiological, psychological and social development. This systematic review examines the comparative effectiveness of foster and kinship care interventions. It examines the components within each intervention, exploring their potential to benefit child and carer well-being, particularly focussing on child behaviour problems, and relational functioning. Systematic searches of electronic databases included PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, the Cochrane Collaborations Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Scopus to identify randomised or quasi-randomised trials of psychosocial foster/kinship care interventions, published between 1990 and 2016. Seventeen studies describing 14 interventions were included. Eleven studies reported comparative benefit compared to control. Overall, effective interventions had clearly defined aims, targeted specific domains and developmental stages, provided coaching or role play, and were developed to ameliorate the effects of maltreatment and relationship disruption. Interventions effective in reducing behaviour problems included consistent discipline and positive reinforcement components, trauma psychoeducation, problem-solving and parent-related components. Interventions effective in improving parent–child relationships included components focussed on developing empathic, sensitive and attuned parental responses to children’s needs. Given the prevalence of both behaviour problems and relational difficulties in foster families, targeting these needs is essential. However, interventions have tended to measure outcomes in either behavioural or relational terms. A more coordinated and collaborative research approach would provide a better understanding of the association between parent–child relationships and child behaviour problems. This would allow u...

Kim, J-H, van Rijn, RM, van Tulder, MW, Koes, BW, de Boer, MR, Ginai, AZ, Ostelo, RWGJ, van der Windt, DAMW & Verhagen, AP 2018, 'Diagnostic accuracy of diagnostic imaging for lumbar disc herniation in adults with low back pain or sciatica is unknown; a systematic review', Chiropractic & Manual Therapies, vol. 26, no. 1.
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© 2018 The Author(s). Main text: We aim to summarize the available evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of imaging (index test) compared to surgery (reference test) for identifying lumbar disc herniation (LDH) in adult patients. For this systematic review we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL (June 2017) for studies that assessed the diagnostic accuracy of imaging for LDH in adult patients with low back pain and surgery as the reference standard. Two review authors independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We calculated summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity using bivariate analysis, generated linked ROC plots in case of direct comparison of diagnostic imaging tests and assessed the quality of evidence using the GRADE-approach. We found 14 studies, all but one done before 1995, including 940 patients. Nine studies investigated Computed Tomography (CT), eight myelography and six Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The prior probability of LDH varied from 48.6 to 98.7%. The summary estimates for MRI and myelography were comparable with CT (sensitivity: 81.3% (95%CI 72.3-87.7%) and specificity: 77.1% (95%CI 61.9-87.5%)). The quality of evidence was moderate to very low. Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of CT, myelography and MRI of today is unknown, as we found no studies evaluating today's more advanced imaging techniques. Concerning the older techniques we found moderate diagnostic accuracy for all CT, myelography and MRI, indicating a large proportion of false positives and negatives.

Komalla, V, Mcalinden, K, Ramaccini, D, Scalia, S, Sharma, P, Oliver, B & Haghi, M 2018, 'LIPOSOMAL FORMULATION OF QUERCETIN AND RESOLVIND1 FOR TREATMENT OF STEROID RESISTANT AIRWAY INFLAMMATION', RESPIROLOGY, vol. 23, pp. 47-47.

Kota, A, Deshpande, DA, Haghi, M, Oliver, B & Sharma, P 2018, 'Autophagy and airway fibrosis: Is there a link?', F1000Research, vol. 6, pp. 409-409.
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In the past decade, an emerging process named “autophagy” has generated intense interest in many chronic lung diseases. Tissue remodeling and fibrosis is a common feature of many airway diseases, and current therapies do not prevent or reverse these structural changes. Autophagy has evolved as a conserved process for bulk degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic components to maintain basal cellular homeostasis and healthy organelle populations in the cell. Furthermore, autophagy serves as a cell survival mechanism and can also be induced by chemical and physical stress to the cell. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that autophagy plays an essential role in vital cellular processes, including tissue remodeling. This review will discuss some of the recent advancements made in understanding the role of this fundamental process in airway fibrosis with emphasis on airway remodeling, and how autophagy can be exploited as a target for airway remodeling in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Krueger, K, Griese-Mammen, N, Schubert, I, Kieble, M, Botermann, L, Laufs, U, Kloft, C & Schulz, M 2018, 'In search of a standard when analyzing medication adherence in patients with heart failure using claims data: a systematic review', Heart Failure Reviews, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 63-71.
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Kunin, M, Turbitt, E, Gafforini, SA, Sanci, LA, Spike, NA & Freed, GL 2018, 'General practitioner referrals to paediatric specialist outpatient clinics: referral goals and parental influence', Journal of Primary Health Care, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 76-76.
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ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONPrevious research on general practitioner (GP) referrals in adult populations demonstrated that patient pressure influenced referral practice. No research has been conducted to investigate how involvement of a parent influences paediatric referrals.AIMTo investigate whether GPs who report parental influence on their decision to refer paediatric patients differ in their referral patterns from GPs who do not report parental influence.METHODA mail survey of 400 GPs who had referred at least two children to paediatric specialist outpatient clinics during 2014 was distributed.RESULTSThe response rate was 67% (n = 254). For initial referrals, 27% of GPs stated that parental request frequently or almost always influenced their referral decision. For returning referrals, 63% of GPs experienced parental influence to renew a referral because a paediatrician wanted a child to return; 49% of GPs experienced influence to renew a referral because a parent wanted to continue care with a paediatrician. Experiencing parental influence was associated with increased likelihood for frequent referrals in order for a paediatrician to take over management of a child’s condition.DISCUSSIONGPs who frequently refer with a goal for a paediatrician to take over management of a child’s condition also report that parental request almost always influences their decision to refer.

Kunin, M, Turbitt, E, Gafforini, SA, Sanci, LA, Spike, NA & Freed, GL 2018, 'What proportion of paediatric specialist referrals originates from general practitioners?', Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 183-187.
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AimTo determine (i) the proportion of different referral sources for new referrals to paediatric specialist outpatient clinics and (ii) any association of referral source with utilisation of additional health services.MethodsSurvey of parents presenting with their child at five paediatric specialist outpatient clinics at two Melbourne public hospitals.ResultsJust over half (52%) of the respondents were referred by a general practitioner (GP). The remainder were referred by a paediatrician (27%) at hospital discharge (16%) or from the ED (6%). Most respondents (71%) reported that their child also has a referral to see another specialist for the same health concern but had not yet had the consultation; 44% had consulted another doctor for the same health concern between receiving the referral and the appointment. Paediatrician referrals were more likely to see another specialist for the same health concern compared to other referral sources (P = 0.032).ConclusionOnly half of the referrals of new patients to paediatric specialist outpatient clinics come from GPs. Future research should investigate whether multiple referral sources have a negative impact on the co‐ordination and cost of paediatric health care.

Langley, EL, Wootton, BM & Grieve, R 2018, 'The Utility of the Health Belief Model Variables in Predicting Help‐Seeking Intention for Anxiety Disorders', Australian Psychologist, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 291-301.
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© 2017 The Australian Psychological Society Objective: Anxiety disorders are common, and effective treatments exist, however, many people with anxiety disorders do not access these treatments due to numerous barriers. The current study aimed to examine treatment barriers that are specific to anxiety disorders and to examine the utility of the Health Belief Model (HBM) variables in predicting intention to seek psychological help in relation to anxiety disorders. Method: The study employed a cross-sectional design and participants were a convenience sample comprising first year psychology students and other individuals who were interested in participating. A total of 278 individuals voluntarily participated in the current study by completing a battery of online self-report measures. Of these participants, there was an 89% completion rate and 243 met inclusion criteria (81% female; Mean age 25.58, SD = 10.69). Results: The most commonly reported barriers in this population included “I would not be able to afford treatment” (52%), followed by “I think I can/should work out my own problems rather than talking to a psychologist” (49%). Regression analyses indicated that 51% of the variance in intention to seek psychological help can be accounted for by the HBM variables. Perceived treatment benefits were the strongest predictor of help-seeking intention. Conclusions: The study highlights that individuals must interpret psychological treatment as potentially helpful in order to seek help for anxiety disorders. In order to improve help-seeking for anxiety disorders it is essential that professional bodies use targeted marketing strategies to increase the perceived helpfulness of seeing a mental health professional.

Laufs, U, Griese‐Mammen, N, Krueger, K, Wachter, A, Anker, SD, Koehler, F, Rettig‐Ewen, V, Botermann, L, Strauch, D, Trenk, D, Böhm, M & Schulz, M 2018, 'PHARMacy‐based interdisciplinary program for patients with Chronic Heart Failure (PHARM‐CHF): rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial, and results of the pilot study', European Journal of Heart Failure, vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 1350-1359.
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We report the rationale and design of a community PHARMacy‐based prospective randomized controlled interdisciplinary study for ambulatory patients with Chronic Heart Failure (PHARM‐CHF) and results of its pilot study. The pilot study randomized 50 patients to a pharmacy‐based intervention or usual care for 12 months. It demonstrated the feasibility of the design and showed reduced systolic blood pressure in the intervention group as indicator for improved medication adherence. The main study will randomize patients ≥60 years on stable pharmacotherapy including at least one diuretic and a history of heart failure hospitalization within 12 months. The intervention group will receive a medication review at baseline followed by regular dose dispensing of the medication, counselling regarding medication use and symptoms of heart failure. The control patients are unknown to the pharmacy and receive usual care. The primary efficacy endpoint is medication adherence, pre‐specified as a significant difference of the proportion of days covered between the intervention and control group within 365 days following randomization using pharmacy claims data for three CHF medications (angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, beta‐blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists). The primary composite safety endpoint is days lost due to blindly adjudicated unplanned cardiovascular hospitalizations or death. Overall, 248 patients shall be randomized. The minimum follow‐up is 12 months with an expected mean of 24 months. Based on the feasibility demonstrated in the pilot study, the randomized PHARM‐CHF trial will test whether an interdisciplinary pharmacy‐based intervention can safely improve medication adherence and will estimate the potential impact on clinical endpoints.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01692119.

Law, T, Packman, A, Onslow, M, To, CK-S, Tong, MC-F & Lee, KY-S 2018, 'Lexical tone and stuttering in Cantonese', Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 285-297.
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© 2018 Taylor & Francis. Cantonese is a tone language, in which the variation of the fundamental frequency contour of a syllable can change meaning. There are six different lexical tones in Cantonese. While research with Western languages has shown an association between stuttering and syllabic stress, nothing is known about whether stuttering in Cantonese speakers is associated with one or more of the six lexical tones. Such an association has been reported in conversational speech in Mandarin, which is also a tone language, but which varies markedly from Cantonese. Twenty-four native Cantonese-speaking adults who stutter participated in this study, ranging in age from 18–33 years. There were 18 men and 6 women. Participants read aloud 13 Cantonese syllables, each of which was produced with six contrastive lexical tones. All 78 syllables were embedded in the same carrier sentence, to reduce the influence of suprasegmental or linguistic stress, and were presented in random order. No significant differences were found for stuttering moments across the six lexical tones. It is suggested that this is because lexical tones, at least in Cantonese, do not place the task demands on the speech motor system that typify varying syllabic stress in Western languages: variations not only in fundamental frequency, but also in duration and intensity. The findings of this study suggest that treatments for adults who stutter in Western languages, such as speech restructuring, can be used with Cantonese speakers without undue attention to lexical tone.

Law, T, Packman, A, Onslow, M, To, CK-S, Tong, MC-F & Lee, KY-S 2018, 'Rhythmic speech and stuttering reduction in a syllable-timed language', Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 932-949.
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© 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis. Speaking rhythmically, also known as syllable-timed speech (STS), has been known for centuries to be a fluency-inducing condition for people who stutter. Cantonese is a tonal syllable-timed language and it has been shown that, of all languages, Cantonese is the most rhythmic (Mok, 2009). However, it is not known if STS reduces stuttering in Cantonese as it does in English. This is the first study to investigate the effects of STS on stuttering in a syllable-timed language. Nineteen native Cantonese-speaking adults who stutter were engaged in conversational tasks in Cantonese under two conditions: one in their usual speaking style and one using STS. The speakers’ percentage syllables stuttered (%SS) and speech rhythmicity were rated. The rhythmicity ratings were used to estimate the extent to which speakers were using STS in the syllable-timed condition. Results revealed a statistically significant reduction in %SS in the STS condition; however, this reduction was not as large as in previous studies in other languages and the amount of stuttering reduction varied across speakers. The rhythmicity ratings showed that some speakers were perceived to be speaking more rhythmically than others and that the perceived rhythmicity correlated positively with reductions in stuttering. The findings were unexpected, as it was anticipated that speakers of a highly rhythmic language such as Cantonese would find STS easy to use and that the consequent reductions in stuttering would be great, even greater perhaps than in a stress-timed language such as English. The theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

Lawless, M & Hodge, C 2018, 'Ocular emergencies Prompt action can improve outcomes', Medicine Today, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 40-49.
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Ocular emergencies include physical and chemical trauma to the eye and conditions such as retinal detachment and vascular events. For patients who present to a GP with an ocular emergency, organising referral to the available ophthalmic services is paramount, but basic investigation and in some cases treatment can be of benefit.

Levitz, L, Reich, J & Hodge, C 2018, 'Posterior capsular complication rates with femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery: a consecutive comparative cohort and literature review', Clinical Ophthalmology, vol. Volume 12, pp. 1701-1706.
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The aim of the study was to determine whether femtosecond-assisted laser cataract surgery (FLACS) reduces the posterior capsular complication (PCC) rate compared to manual cataract surgery when performed by an experienced surgeon.We reviewed 2,021 consecutive FLACS procedures between 1 June 2012 and 30 August 2017. All cases of posterior capsular rupture (PCR) with or without vitreous prolapse or zonular dialysis (ZD) that prevented an in-the-bag placement of the intraocular lens were included. Risk factors were noted and outcomes documented.Six eyes of 2,021 (0.3%) who underwent FLACS had either a PCR or ZD. One eye (0.25%) of 403 eyes that had manual cataract surgery had a PCR. There was no significant difference in outcomes. Risk factors included advanced age, dense nuclei, pseudoexfoliation and small pupil. Only a single case in the FLACS series may have been directly attributed to the FLACS procedure.This study provides evidence that there is no significant difference in the PCC rate between FLACS and manual cataract surgery in the hand of an experienced surgeon who performs >350 cases annually. This low rate of complications may be achieved by less experienced surgeons adopting FLACS.

Loft, CC, Jones, FW & Kneebone, II 2018, 'Falls self-efficacy and falls incidence in community-dwelling older people: the mediating role of coping', International Psychogeriatrics, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 727-733.
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ABSTRACTBackground:A cognitive behavioral model predicts that coping responses mediate the relationship between falls related psychological concerns and falls incidence, in community-dwelling older people. If empirical support could be found for this pathway then interventions could be developed to reduce falls risk by targeting coping strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to begin the process of testing whether coping responses mediate the association between falls self-efficacy (a principal element of falls related psychological concerns) and falls incidence, in community-dwelling older people.Method:In a cross-sectional design, 160 community-dwelling older people (31 male, 129 female; mean age 83.47 years) completed the Falls Efficacy Scale–International, the Revised-Ways of Coping Questionnaire, the Turning to Religion subscale of the COPE, and a falls questionnaire. Data were analyzed via mediation analysis using a bootstrapping approach.Results:Lower falls self-efficacy was associated with higher falls incidence, and more self-controlling coping was found to be a partial mediator of this association, with a confidence interval for the indirect effect of (0.003, 0.021) and an effect size of κ2= 0.035. The association was not mediated by the other measured coping responses; namely, turning to religion, distancing, seeking social support, accepting responsibility, escape-avoidance, planful problem-solving, and positive reappraisal.Conclusions:Self-controlling coping may mediate the association between falls self-efficacy and falling. If longi...

Lucas, C, Williams, K, Tudball, J & Walpola, RL 2018, 'Community, hospital and industry preceptor perceptions of their role in experiential placements- the need for standardization of preceptor responsibilities and evaluations on students', Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 1447-1455.
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© 2018 Elsevier Inc. Introduction: Appropriate evaluation processes are important in experiential placements. With the growing diversity between placements, consideration for standardization of some of these processes would be beneficial, particularly for those skills that are transferable regardless of the placement type. The objectives of this study was: (1) to explore the experiences, evaluation strategies, and feedback processes of Australian preceptor pharmacists from three primary experiential areas (community, hospital, and industry) in providing student placements; and (2) to inform the future development of the current local experiential program and future extended international experiential programs. Methods: A qualitative, exploratory study with three preceptor focus groups (community, hospital, and industry) were conducted, recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using Bazeley's “describe – compare – relate” method for thematic analysis. Results: There were a total of 16 participants. Four themes emerged: (1) motivation and purpose of being a preceptor; (2) expectations of students and the university; (3) organizational planning and conduct of experiential placements; and (4) importance of appropriate evaluation and feedback processes to include evaluation of interpersonal skills, which were considered by all focus group members as highly desirable for future employability. Conclusions: The need for standardized processes across different experiential placements, although difficult given the diversity, is important particularly with respect to evaluation and feedback. As interpersonal attributes are transferable and desirable for all types of experiential settings including rural and international environments, standardizing the evaluation of students to include these could be beneficial and applicable for students on local experiential placements and/or cross globally on international experiential placements.

Lucas, C, Williams, KA, McAloon, J & Walpola, R 2018, 'From expectations to experience: Pharmacy students' perceptions on experiential placements', Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. e45-e45.
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Lukaszyk, C, Radford, K, Delbaere, K, Ivers, R, Rogers, K, Sherrington, C, Tiedemann, A, Coombes, J, Daylight, G, Draper, B & Broe, T 2018, 'Risk factors for falls among older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in urban and regional communities', Australasian Journal on Ageing, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 113-119.
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ObjectiveTo examine associations between fall risk factors identified previously in other populations and falls among Aboriginal people aged 60 years and older, living in New South Wales, Australia.MethodsInterviews were conducted with older Aboriginal people in five urban and regional communities. Associations between past falls and 22 fall predictor variables were examined using linear and multiple regression analyses.ResultsOf the 336 participants, 80 people (24%) reported at least one fall in the past year, and 34 (10%) reported two or more falls. Participants had an increased fall risk if they were female; used three or more medications; had arthritis, macular degeneration, depression, history of stroke; were unable to do their own housework; or were unable to do their own shopping.ConclusionFalls were experienced by one‐quarter of study participants. Fall risk factors identified for older Aboriginal people appear to be similar to those identified in the general population. Understanding of fall risk factors may assist with the development of appropriate and effective community‐led fall prevention programs.

Maguire, PN, Clark, GI & Wootton, BM 2018, 'The efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy for the treatment of perinatal anxiety symptoms: A preliminary meta-analysis', Journal of Anxiety Disorders, vol. 60, pp. 26-34.
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Manandhar, B, Paudel, KR, Sharma, B & Karki, R 2018, 'Phytochemical profile and pharmacological activity of Aegle marmelos Linn.', Journal of Integrative Medicine, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 153-163.
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© 2018 Aegle marmelos Linn. (Rutaceae), commonly known as “bael” in Nepal and India, is a valuable medicinal plant and is considered sacred by the Hindus. It is used to cure several diseases in the Indian traditional medicine system of Ayurveda and has had similar uses among many ethnic communities residing in Indian subcontinent for over 5000 years. Its leaves, bark, stem, fruits and seeds have been used for various medicinal purposes. Bael fruits are especially effective in the treatment of chronic diarrhea, dysentery and peptic ulcers, while they are also useful as a laxative and cure for respiratory infections. Scientific studies have validated many of the ethnomedicinal uses of A. marmelos, which include antibacterial, antiviral, antidiarrheal, gastroprotective, anti-ulcerative colitis, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, cardioprotective and radioprotective effects. Recently, this plant has also received attention as an anticancer agent for the treatment of various types of cancers. Thus, this review focuses on scientific evidence verifying the important pharmacological activity such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective and anticancer activity of A. marmelos.

Manchanda, R, Blyuss, O, Gaba, F, Gordeev, VS, Jacobs, C, Burnell, M, Gan, C, Taylor, R, Turnbull, C, Legood, R, Zaikin, A, Antoniou, AC, Menon, U & Jacobs, I 2018, 'Current detection rates and time-to-detection of all identifiable BRCA carriers in the Greater London population', Journal of Medical Genetics, vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 538-545.
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BackgroundBRCA carrier identification offers opportunities for early diagnoses, targeted treatment and cancer prevention. We evaluate BRCA- carrier detection rates in general and Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) populations across Greater London and estimate time-to-detection of all identifiable BRCA carriers.MethodsBRCA carrier data from 1993 to 2014 were obtained from National Health Service genetic laboratories and compared with modelled predictions of BRCA prevalence from published literature and geographical data from UK Office for National Statistics. Proportion of BRCA carriers identified was estimated. Prediction models were developed to fit BRCA detection rate data. BRCA carrier identification rates were evaluated for an ‘Angelina Jolie effect’. Maps for four Greater London regions were constructed, and their relative BRCA detection rates were compared. Models developed were used to predict future time-to-identify all detectable BRCA carriers in AJ and general populations.ResultsUntil 2014, only 2.6% (3072/111 742 estimated) general population and 10.9% (548/4985 estimated) AJ population BRCA carriers have been identified in 16 696 608 (AJ=190 997) Greater London population. 57% general population and 54% AJ mutations were identified through cascade testing. Current detection rates mirror linear fit rather than parabolic model and will not identify all BRCA carriers. Addition of unselected ovarian/triple-negative breast cancer testing would take >250 years to identify all BRCA

Martin, F, Gullotta, J, Giribaldi, M & Hodge, C 2018, 'Eye strain: Focus on causes and treatment', Medicine Today, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 33-41.

Medina, I, Cooke, GM & Ord, TJ 2018, 'Walk, swim or fly? Locomotor mode predicts genetic differentiation in vertebrates', Ecology Letters, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 638-645.
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AbstractLimited dispersal is commonly used to explain differences in diversification rates. An obvious but unexplored factor affecting dispersal is the mode of locomotion used by animals. Whether individuals walk, swim or fly can dictate the type and severity of geographical barriers to dispersal, and determine the general range over which genetic differentiation might occur. We collated information on locomotion mode and genetic differentiation (FST) among vertebrate populations from over 400 published articles. Our results showed that vertebrate species that walk tend to have higher genetic differentiation among populations than species that swim or fly. Within species that swim, vertebrates in freshwater systems have higher genetic differentiation than those in marine systems, which is consistent with the higher number of species in freshwater environments. These results show that locomotion mode can impact gene flow among populations, supporting at a broad‐scale what has previously been proposed at smaller taxonomical scales.

Mehta, P, Claydon, LS, Mani, R, Hendrick, P, Cook, C & Baxter, GD 2018, 'Chronic diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain: psychometric properties of pain and physical function outcome measures', Physical Therapy Reviews, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 317-329.
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© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) not only produces severe pain, tingling, and numbness sensation in the involved limbs, but also limits physical function due to loss of sensation. There are no recommended methods for clinical situations to measure these signs and symptoms. Studies with high methodological quality use the modified Brief Pain Inventory for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic pain (mBPI-DPN) scale and the short form Screening of Activity Limitations and Safety Awareness (sSALSA) scale for measuring these symptoms in DPN population. In order to capture a real change in the variables of interest, the psychometric properties of that measure should be within acceptable limits. As these two measures were not assessed for all of the psychometric properties, there was a need for further evaluation. Methods: Data were collected (n = 38 patients) in a longitudinal cohort study. Test–retest reliability (0–4 weeks) and Responsiveness- Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) (0–12 weeks) were calculated between two sessions. Convergent validity was assessed (between mBPI-DPN pain interference and sSALSA scale). Results: Both measures demonstrated acceptable test–retest reliability (mBPI-DPN scale: ICC = 0.61, SEM = 12.92; the sSALSA scale: ICC = 0.81, SEM = 4.88) and convergent validity (Spearman’s correlation coefficient r = 0.62). The computational methods used in different methodologies to calculate MCID for the mBPI-DPN and the sSALSA scale were varied, hence the magnitude of derived MCID scores also varied. Conclusions: Our study have provided evidence to add to the scientific basis surrounding the use of mBPI-DPN and sSALSA scales in DPN population, but standardization of these measures in a larger population is required.

Mehta, P, Kaur, M, Smith, CM, Mani, R & Baxter, GD 2018, 'Ageing well with chronic musculoskeletal pain: protocol for a systematic review of non-pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing pain in an ageing population', Physical Therapy Reviews, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 330-337.
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© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Background: Chronic musculoskeletal pain in the elderly is highly prevalent, with osteoarthritis, low back pain, neck pain and other musculoskeletal disorders as the leading contributors to pain chronicity and disability. Previous reviews identifying effective components of non-pharmacological interventions for treating chronic pain have either few studies or the included studies examine outcome over a limited time span. This systematic review will investigate the effectiveness and components of interventions associated with management of chronic musculoskeletal pain in older adults (≥65 years). Methods/Design: This systematic review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance. Randomised controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing pain in older adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain will be included. Articles will be identified through a comprehensive search of the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, AMED, Scopus, Web of Science and PEDro. Two review authors will independently screen articles retrieved from the search for eligibility, and extract relevant data on methodological issues. A narrative synthesis will be completed if there are insufficient data for a meta-analysis. The narrative synthesis will summarise the current state of knowledge, interventions, study designs and robustness of evidence. Discussion: Findings of the study will inform support programs and interventions to assist people aging with pain, carers and other supporters and practitioners. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO 2017:CRD42017074173.

Meredith, J, McCarthy, S & Hemsley, B 2018, 'Legal and Ethical Issues Surrounding the Use of Older Children's Electronic Personal Health Records.', J Law Med, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 1042-1055.
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This article explores the legal and ethical issues surrounding the production, storage, retrieval and use of electronic personal health records of children aged 14 years and over. Specifically, we explore: (1) the capacity, consent and competence issues; (2) privacy and confidentiality concerns; (3) the tension between a child's right to autonomy and his or her parent's or guardian's rights and responsibilities; and (4) outline implications of this for the implementation of Australia's My Health Record system, particularly for children with communication disability who are high users of health systems and have high health information exchange needs.

Metcalfe, SA, Hickerton, C, Savard, J, Terrill, B, Turbitt, E, Gaff, C, Gray, K, Middleton, A, Wilson, B & Newson, AJ 2018, 'Australians’ views on personal genomic testing: focus group findings from the Genioz study', European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 1101-1112.
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Personal genomic testing provides healthy individuals with access to information about their genetic makeup for purposes including ancestry, paternity, sporting ability and health. Such tests are available commercially and globally, with accessibility expected to continue to grow, including in Australia; yet little is known of the views/expectations of Australians. Focus groups were conducted within a multi-stage, cross-disciplinary project (Genioz) to explore this. In mid-2015, 56 members of the public participated in seven focus groups, allocated into three age groups: 18-24, 25-49, and ≥50 years. Three researchers coded transcripts independently and generated themes. Awareness of personal genomic testing was low, but most could deduce what "personal genomics" might entail. Very few had heard of the term "direct-to-consumer" testing, which has implications for organisations developing information to support individuals in their decision-making. Participants' understanding of genetics was varied and drawn from several sources. There were diverse perceptions of the relative influence of genetics and environment on health, mental health, behavior, talent, or personality. Views about having a personal genomic test were mixed, with greater interest in health-related tests if they believed there was a reason for doing so. However, many expressed scepticisms about the types of tests available, and how the information might be used; concerns were also raised about privacy and the potential for discrimination. These exploratory findings inform subsequent stages of the Genioz study, thereby contributing to strategies of supporting Australians to understand and make meaningful and well-considered decisions about the benefits, harms, and implications of personal genomic tests.

Morgan, IG, French, AN & Rose, KA 2018, 'Intense schooling linked to myopia', BMJ, vol. 361, pp. k2248-k2248.
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Morgan, IG, French, AN, Ashby, RS, Guo, X, Ding, X, He, M & Rose, KA 2018, 'The epidemics of myopia: Aetiology and prevention', Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, vol. 62, pp. 134-149.
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© 2017 Elsevier Ltd There is an epidemic of myopia in East and Southeast Asia, with the prevalence of myopia in young adults around 80–90%, and an accompanying high prevalence of high myopia in young adults (10–20%). This may foreshadow an increase in low vision and blindness due to pathological myopia. These two epidemics are linked, since the increasingly early onset of myopia, combined with high progression rates, naturally generates an epidemic of high myopia, with high prevalences of “acquired” high myopia appearing around the age of 11–13. The major risk factors identified are intensive education, and limited time outdoors. The localization of the epidemic appears to be due to the high educational pressures and limited time outdoors in the region, rather than to genetically elevated sensitivity to these factors. Causality has been demonstrated in the case of time outdoors through randomized clinical trials in which increased time outdoors in schools has prevented the onset of myopia. In the case of educational pressures, evidence of causality comes from the high prevalence of myopia and high myopia in Jewish boys attending Orthodox schools in Israel compared to their sisters attending religious schools, and boys and girls attending secular schools. Combining increased time outdoors in schools, to slow the onset of myopia, with clinical methods for slowing myopic progression, should lead to the control of this epidemic, which would otherwise pose a major health challenge. Reforms to the organization of school systems to reduce intense early competition for accelerated learning pathways may also be important.

Morrow, A, Jacobs, C, Best, M, Greening, S & Tucker, K 2018, 'Genetics in palliative oncology: a missing agenda? A review of the literature and future directions', Supportive Care in Cancer, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 721-730.
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© 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. Purpose: In the palliative oncology setting, genetic assessment may not impact on the patient’s management but can be of vital importance to their surviving relatives. Despite care of the family being central to the ethos of palliative care, little is known about how hereditary aspects of cancer are addressed in this setting. This review aims to examine current practices, identify practice barriers and determine the genetic information and support needs of patients, family members and health providers. Methods: Key databases were systematically searched to identify both quantitative and qualitative studies that addressed these aims. Data was extracted and coded using thematic analysis. Results: Eight studies were included for review. Suboptimal genetic practices were identified, with lack of knowledge and poor confidence amongst providers reported as barriers in both qualitative and quantitative studies. Providers expressed concern about the emotional impact of initiating these discussions late in the disease trajectory; however, qualitative interviews amongst palliative patients suggested there may be emotional benefits. Conclusions: All lines of evidence suggest that genetics is currently missing from the palliative agenda, signifying lost opportunities for mutation detection, genetic counselling and appropriate risk management for surviving relatives. There is an urgent need for interventions to improve provider knowledge and awareness of genetic referral pathways and for research into the genetic information and support needs of palliative care patients.

Müller, U, Schulz, M & Mätzler, M 2018, 'Elektronisch unterstützte Kooperation ambulant tätiger Ärzte und Apotheker zur Verbesserung der Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit', Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz, vol. 61, no. 9, pp. 1119-1128.
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Nangle, MR, Bailey, PE, Henry, JD, Khlentzos, GS, Varcin, KJ & Whitton, AE 2018, 'Age invariance in rapid facial affective reactions to emotionally valenced stimuli', Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, vol. 71, no. 8, pp. 1687-1697.
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It has been suggested that an age-related positivity effect may only occur in the context of explicit information processing, but it is unclear whether this bias extends to the processing of rapid facial reactions. In addition, most studies that have looked for evidence of age-related implicit positivity have used attentional (as opposed to sensory) unawareness paradigms, or used broad-based indicators of attentional awareness that do not speak to the nature of the affective response. In the present study, younger and older adults were therefore asked to view non-facial images presented supraliminally (i.e., consciously) as well as outside of sensory awareness (i.e., subliminally) while their facial reactions were indexed using electromyography. The results indicated that both younger and older adults exhibited rapid facial reactions congruent with the emotional valence of non-facial images in both supraliminal and subliminal conditions. Relative to young, older adults did not respond with greater zygomaticus (cheek) activity to positive stimuli or reduced corrugator (brow) activity to negative stimuli in either condition. These data show that rapid facial reactions to emotional stimuli are intact in late adulthood, even in response to stimuli that activate more automatic and implicit forms of emotion processing. However, there is no evidence for any age-related positivity bias in these behavioral responses.

Neubeck, L, Freedman, B, Lowres, N, Hyun, K, Orchard, J, Briffa, T, Bauman, A, Rogers, K & Redfern, J 2018, 'Choice of Health Options in Prevention of Cardiovascular Events (CHOICE) Replication Study', Heart, Lung and Circulation, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 1406-1414.
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Background: Globally, attendance at cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is between 15 and 30%. Alternative models of individualised care are recommended to promote participation in CR, however there has been no prospective testing of different durations of such models. We aimed to replicate the previously proven Choice of Health Options In prevention of Cardiovascular Events (CHOICE) intervention, and to determine if an extended version (CHOICEplus) would confer additional benefits. Methods: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) survivors not accessing centre-based CR (n = 203) were randomised to CHOICE for 3 months (n = 100) or CHOICEplus for 24 months (n = 103) at four urban hospitals. The program comprised telephone-based tailored risk-factor reduction. Results: CHOICE and CHOICEplus were equivalent demographically and in risk profile at baseline. At 24 months, lipid profiles improved significantly and fewer patients had ≥3 risk factors above target compared to baseline in both groups. There were no significant differences between groups. Conclusions: The 24-month CHOICEplus program did not confer additional benefit above the brief 3-month CHOICE intervention. However, participation in either CHOICE and CHOICEplus significantly improved cardiovascular risk profile in ACS survivors. Importantly, the study was feasible, and the intervention translated readily across four hospitals. Overall, this study adds to the existing evidence for brief individualised approaches to CR.

Ng, ZY, Wong, J-Y, Panneerselvam, J, Madheswaran, T, Kumar, P, Pillay, V, Hsu, A, Hansbro, N, Bebawy, M, Wark, P, Hansbro, P, Dua, K & Chellappan, DK 2018, 'Assessing the potential of liposomes loaded with curcumin as a therapeutic intervention in asthma', Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 172, pp. 51-59.
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© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Curcumin a component of turmeric, which is derived from Curcuma longa is used as a colouring agent and as a dietary spice for centuries. Extensive studies have been done on the anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin along with its molecular mechanism involving different signalling pathways. However, the physicochemical and biological properties such as poor solubility and rapid metabolism of curcumin have led to low bioavailability and hence limits its application. Current therapies for asthma such as bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are aimed at controlling disease symptoms and prevent asthma exacerbation. However, this approach requires lifetime therapy and is associated with a constellation of side effects. This creates a clear unmet medical need and there is an urgent demand for new and more-effective treatments. The present study is aimed to formulate liposomes containing curcumin and evaluate for its anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation on BCi-NS1.1 cell line. Curcumin and salbutamol liposomes were formulated using lipid hydration method. The prepared liposomes were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and in-vitro release profile. The liposomes were tested on BCI-NS1.1 cell line to evaluate its anti-inflammatory properties. The various pro-inflammatory markers studied were Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Tumour Necrosis Factor-a (TNF-a). Additionally, molecular mechanics simulations were used to elucidate the positioning, energy minimization, and aqueous dispersion of the liposomal architecture involving lecithin and curcumin. The prepared curcumin formulation showed an average size and zeta potential of 271.3 ± 3.06 nm and −61.0 mV, respectively. The drug encapsulation efficiency of liposomal curcumin is 81.1%. Both curcumin-loaded liposomes formulation (1 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL) resulted in sign...

Nguyen, S-A & McAloon, J 2018, 'A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Parental Perceptions of Childhood Separation Anxiety Disorder Symptoms and Likelihood to Seek Help', Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 453-469.
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© 2018, © The Author(s) 2018. This study examined cross-cultural differences in parental interpretations of childhood separation anxiety disorder (SAD) symptoms and their subsequent likelihood to seek help or advice. It also assessed level of acculturation to Western society as a potential predictor of Asian parents’ judgments of perceived pathology and likelihood to seek help. A total of 108 Caucasian and Asian parents were presented with a vignette of a child displaying behaviors indicative of SAD and asked to rate their level of perceived pathology and likelihood to seek help. Results showed that Caucasian and Asian parents gave similar ratings of perceived pathology. However, Caucasian parents reported a greater likelihood to seek help or advice for SAD symptoms than Asian parents. Level of acculturation to Western society was not a statistically significant predictor of Asian parents’ perceptions and likelihood to seek help, above and beyond the variance explained by demographic factors and level of shame associated with help seeking. Although conclusions are discussed in light of methodological limitations, these preliminary findings highlight the importance of considering cultural factors when investigating children’s access to mental health services, especially when the presenting issue is SAD.

Onslow, M, Jones, M, O'Brian, S, Packman, A, Menzies, R, Lowe, R, Arnott, S, Bridgman, K, de Sonneville, C & Franken, M-C 2018, 'Comparison of Percentage of Syllables Stuttered With Parent-Reported Severity Ratings as a Primary Outcome Measure in Clinical Trials of Early Stuttering Treatment', Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 811-819.
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PurposeThis report investigates whether parent-reported stuttering severity ratings (SRs) provide similar estimates of effect size as percentage of syllables stuttered (%SS) for randomized trials of early stuttering treatment with preschool children.MethodData sets from 3 randomized controlled trials of an early stuttering intervention were selected for analyses. Analyses included median changes and 95% confidence intervals per treatment group, Bland–Altman plots, analysis of covariance, and Spearman rho correlations.ResultsBoth SRs and %SS showed large effect sizes from pretreatment to follow-up, although correlations between the 2 measures were moderate at best. Absolute agreement between the 2 measures improved as percentage reduction of stuttering frequency and severity increased, probably due to innate measurement limitations for participants with low baseline severity. Analysis of covariance for the 3 trials showed consistent results.ConclusionThere is no statistical reason to favor %SS over parent-reported stuttering SRs as primary outcomes for clinical trials of early stuttering treatment. However, there are logistical reasons to favor parent-reported stuttering SRs. We conclude that parent-reported rating of the child's typical stuttering severity for the week or month prior to each assessment is a justifiable alternative to %SS as a primary outcome measure in clinical trials of early stuttering treatment.

O'Rourke, A, Power, E, O'Halloran, R & Rietdijk, R 2018, 'Common and distinct components of communication partner training programmes in stroke, traumatic brain injury and dementia', International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1150-1168.
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AbstractBackgroundCommunication partner training (CPT) programmes for health and care staff working with people with the neurologically based communication disorders associated with stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and dementia are efficacious in improving communication. However, current programmes are lengthy and disorder specific, and therefore may not be suitable as staff training tools in environments with people with multiple communication disorders, and services with a variety of neurological populations.AimsTo identify common and distinct components of CPT programmes for stroke, TBI and dementia in order to determine whether there are common delivery methods and content that can be consolidated to improve implementation of CPT in health and care services.Methods & ProceduresA qualitative enquiry was used. Four CPT programmes targeting three disorders were identified from systematic reviews and literature searches. Programme data were recorded onto data sheets from manuals, study articles and supplementary materials, and were categorized using the Intervention Taxonomy (ITAX). Content analysis and elements of constant comparative analysis were employed to analyse the CPT programmes.Outcomes & ResultsDelivery characteristics were similar across all four programmes. All were delivered face to face in either group or individual contexts. However, duration varied from 1 to 35 h. Six of the 12 categories of information provided were common across all programmes, including ‘strategy’ ‘background to disorder’, ‘information about communication’, ‘information about program’, ‘negative behaviours to avoid’ and ‘purpose of program’. Programmes differed in the types of skill‐building techniques ...

Osborn, R, Girgis, M, Morse, S, Sladakovic, J, Kneebone, I, Shires, A, Durvasula, S & Roberts, L 2018, 'Mindfulness-Integrated CBT (MiCBT) for Reducing Distress in Parents of Children with Intellectual Disability (ID): a Case Series', Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 559-568.
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© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Caring for a child with an intellectual disability (ID) is associated with significant psychological distress. Interventions include cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR). Mindfulness-integrated CBT (MiCBT) may offer a balance between CBT’s change focus and MBSR’s acceptance focus for these parents. Five participants were recruited and provided one to one MiCBT tailored to parental carers of children with ID. Four participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 (DASS-21) pre-treatment and post-treatment. Reliable change analysis was used to identify clinically reliable change. One participant dropped out after four sessions, four completed eight of the available eight sessions. Two participants reported reductions in depressive and stress symptoms, and one of these, additionally reported a reduction in anxiety symptoms. All four participants who completed treatment rated the treatment as acceptable. MiCBT shows promise as an intervention to assist parental carers of children with ID.

Padoa, T, Berle, D & Roberts, L 2018, 'Comparative Social Media Use and the Mental Health of Mothers With High Levels of Perfectionism', Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 514-535.
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Social media is thought to communicate idealized images and discourses of motherhood. As such, it may present as a risk factor for poor mental health in mothers who strive for perfection and compare themselves to the ideals presented on social media. The present study examined the influence of Facebook and In-stagram on the relationship between perfectionism in mothers and their mental health. A sample of 201 mothers completed an online survey. Two dimensions of perfectionism were assessed: Self-Orientated Parenting Perfectionism (SOPP) and Societal-Prescribed Parenting Perfectionism (SPPP). Mediation models were conducted to examine social media frequency and social comparison respectively on the relationship between perfectionism and maternal mental health. Results revealed that for mothers with SOPP, the process of social comparison with other mothers on social media contributed to symptoms of anxiety and depression. The amount of time engaging in social media however, had no impact. In contrast, for mothers with SPPP, the amount of time spent on Facebook contributed to symptoms of depression and anxiety, while the process of social comparison led to anxiety symptoms alone. Social comparison appears to be important for perfectionistic mothers who use social media, as this may contribute to negative mental health outcomes.

Page, MJ, Huang, H, Verhagen, AP, Gagnier, JJ & Buchbinder, R 2018, 'Outcome Reporting in Randomized Trials for Shoulder Disorders: Literature Review to Inform the Development of a Core Outcome Set', Arthritis Care & Research, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 252-259.
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ObjectiveTo explore the outcome domains and measurement instruments reported across randomized trials of any interventions for various shoulder disorders.MethodsWe searched for shoulder trials included in Cochrane reviews published up to Issue 10, 2015, or indexed in PubMed between 2006 and 2015. Trials were eligible for inclusion if they focused on any intervention for rotator cuff disease, adhesive capsulitis, shoulder instability, glenohumeral or acromioclavicular osteoarthritis, shoulder dislocation, proximal humeral or humeral head fractures, or unspecified shoulder pain. Two authors independently selected trials for inclusion and extracted information on the domains and measurement instruments reported, with consensus discussion among all authors where required.ResultsWe included 409 trials, published between 1954 and 2015. Across the trials, we identified 319 different instruments that were classified into 32 domains. Most trials reported a measure of pain (90%), range of motion (78%), and physical function (71%). The recording of adverse events was reported in only 31% of the trials. Muscle strength was reported in 44% of the trials and imaging outcomes in 21%. Other patient‐reported outcome measures, such as global assessment of treatment success, health‐related quality of life, work ability, and psychological functioning, were each reported in ≤15% of the trials. Most of the domains were reported at similar frequencies across different shoulder disorders.ConclusionThe domains and measurement instruments reported were widely diverse. Our results provide a foundation for the development of a core outcome set for use in future trials across all shoulder disorders.

Palmer, CJ, Caruana, N, Clifford, CWG & Seymour, KJ 2018, 'Adaptive sensory coding of gaze direction in schizophrenia', Royal Society Open Science, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 180886-180886.
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Schizophrenia has been associated with differences in how the visual system processes sensory input. A fundamental mechanism that regulates sensory processing in the brain is gain control, whereby the responses of sensory neurons to a given stimulus are modulated in accordance with the spatial and temporal context. Some studies indicate an impairment of certain cortical gain control mechanisms in schizophrenia in low-level vision, reflected, for instance, in how the visual appearance of a stimulus is affected by the presence of other stimuli around it. In the present study, we investigated higher-level, social vision in schizophrenia, namely the perception of other people's direction of gaze (i.e. a type of face processing). Recent computational modelling work indicates that perceptual aftereffects—changes in perception that occur following repeated exposure to faces that display a specific direction of gaze—are indicative of two distinct forms of gain control involved in the coding of gaze direction across sensory neurons. We find that individuals with schizophrenia display strong perceptual aftereffects following repeated exposure to faces with averted gaze, and a modelling analysis indicates similarly robust gain control in the form of (i) short-term adjustment of channel sensitivities in response to the recent sensory history and (ii) divisive normalization of the encoded gaze direction. Together, this speaks to the typical coding of other people's direction of gaze in the visual system in schizophrenia, including flexible gain control, despite the social–cognitive impairments that can occur in this condition.

Palmer, CJ, Caruana, N, Clifford, CWG & Seymour, KJ 2018, 'Perceptual integration of head and eye cues to gaze direction in schizophrenia', Royal Society Open Science, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 180885-180885.
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The perceptual mechanisms that underlie social experience in schizophrenia are increasingly becoming a target of empirical research. In the context of low-level vision, there is evidence for a reduction in the integration of sensory features in schizophrenia (e.g. increased thresholds for contour detection and motion coherence). In the context of higher-level vision, comparable differences in the integration of sensory features of the face could in theory impair the recognition of important social cues. Here we examine how the sense of where other people are looking relies upon the integration of eye-region cues and head-region cues. Adults with schizophrenia viewed face images designed to elicit the ‘Wollaston illusion’, a perceptual phenomenon in which the perceived gaze direction associated with a given pair of eyes is modulated by the surrounding sensory context. We performed computational modelling of these psychophysical data to quantify individual differences in the use of facial cues to gaze direction. We find that adults with schizophrenia exhibit a robust perceptual effect whereby their sense of other people's direction of gaze is strongly biased by sensory cues relating to head orientation in addition to eye region information. These results indicate that the visual integration of facial cues to gaze direction in schizophrenia is intact, helping to constrain theories of reduced integrative processing in higher-level and lower-level vision. In addition, robust gaze processing was evident in the tested participants despite reduced performance on a theory of mind task designed to assess higher-level social cognition.

Parker, PD, Van Zanden, B & Parker, RB 2018, 'Girls get smart, boys get smug: Historical changes in gender differences in math, literacy, and academic social comparison and achievement', Learning and Instruction, vol. 54, pp. 125-137.
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Girls’ lack of self-belief has frequently been cited as a major barrier to advancement in both empirical research and in the popular imagination. With girls now outcompeting boys at almost every educational level, this paper considers if girls still have lower self-concept than boys, if this changes when controlling for academic ability, and what mechanisms explain gender differences. We compare and contrast rational choice, contrast, and assimilation approaches to self-concept and juxtapose historical trajectories in gender differences in self-concept and achievement to distinguish between them. We do this in five age cohorts born between 1981 and 1993 (N = 66, 522) for math, literacy, and general academic domains. Results suggest that there are still significant differences in self-concept between equally able boys and girls and that a mix of assimilation and contrast mechanisms likely explains the size and direction of these effects.

Pate, J, Hush, J, Hancock, M, Moseley, G, Butler, D, Simons, L & Pacey, V 2018, 'A Child’s Concept of Pain: An International Survey of Pediatric Pain Experts', Children, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 12-12.
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Pedersen, AR, Stubbs, PW & Nielsen, JF 2018, 'Reducing redundant testing using the Functional Independence Measure and Early Functional Abilities scale during rehabilitation in patients with brain injury', Brain Injury, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1090-1095.
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Piper, SE, Bailey, PE, Lam, LT & Kneebone, II 2018, 'Predictors of mental health literacy in older people', Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, vol. 79, pp. 52-56.
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© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Objectives: Older adults exhibit poorer mental health literacy than younger adults, including less accuracy at identifying symptoms of mental disorders, and endorsing fewer sources of treatment for a mental disorder. The current study's intention was to determine if the executive component of cognition is associated with mental health literacy in older adults, when controlling for other established predictors (sex, age, education, and proximity to someone with a mental disorder). Method: The sample included 85 cognitively healthy adults aged 60 and over. Participants completed the Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III, the Trail Making Test, a Phonemic Verbal Fluency Test, and the Mental Health Literacy Scale. Results: A multiple regression indicated that age and mental health proximity significantly and uniquely predicted total mental health literacy (Age: β = -0.22, t = −2.04, p < 0.05; Proximity: β = 0.31, t = 2.78, p < 0.01). Older age predicted poorer PTSD mental health literacy (β = −0.31, t = −2.90, p < 0.01). Conclusion: In neurologically healthy older adults, level of executive function did not contribute to mental health literacy. Older adults in closer proximity to someone with a mental disorder were more likely to have better mental health literacy, a finding that has the potential to inform mental health education and promotion strategies in this population.

Pont, LG, Raban, MZ, Jorgensen, ML, Georgiou, A & Westbrook, JI 2018, 'Leveraging new information technology to monitor medicine use in 71 residential aged care facilities: variation in polypharmacy and antipsychotic use', International Journal for Quality in Health Care, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 810-816.
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Pride, NA, Barton, B, Hutchins, P, Coghill, DR, Korgaonkar, MS, Hearps, SJC, Rouel, M, Malarbi, S, North, KN & Payne, JM 2018, 'Effects of methylphenidate on cognition and behaviour in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: a study protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled crossover trial', BMJ Open, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. e021800-e021800.
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IntroductionDopamine dysregulation has been identified as a key modulator of behavioural impairment in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and a potential therapeutic target. Preclinical research demonstrates reduced dopamine in the brains of genetically engineered NF1 mouse strains is associated with reduced spatial-learning and attentional dysfunction. Methylphenidate, a stimulant medication that increases dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission, rescued the behavioural and dopamine abnormalities. Although preliminary clinical trials have demonstrated that methylphenidate is effective in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children with NF1, its therapeutic effect on cognitive performance is unclear. The primary aim of this clinical trial is to assess the efficacy of methylphenidate for reducing attention deficits, spatial working memory impairments and ADHD symptoms in children with NF1.Methods and analysisA randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of methylphenidate with a two period crossover design. Thirty-six participants with NF1 aged 7–16 years will be randomised to one of two treatment sequences: 6 weeks of methylphenidate followed by 6 weeks of placebo or; 6 weeks of placebo followed by 6 weeks of methylphenidate. Neurocognitive and behavioural outcomes as well as neuroimaging measures will be completed at baseline and repeated at the end of each treatment condition (week 6, week 12). Primary outcome measures are omission errors on the Conners Continuous Performance Test-II (attention), between-search errors on the Spatial Working Memory task from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (spatial working memory) and the Inattentive and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Symptom Scales on the Conners 3-Parent. Secondary outcomes will examine the effect of methylphenidate on executive fun...

Roberts, TV, Hodge, C, Sutton, G & Lawless, M 2018, 'Comparison of Hill‐radial basis function, Barrett Universal and current third generation formulas for the calculation of intraocular lens power during cataract surgery', Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 240-246.
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AbstractImportanceThis study represents a novel comparison of recently introduced intraocular lens power calculation formulas.BackgroundTo compare current new generation formulas for calculating the intraocular lens power for a standard cohort of patients undergoing cataract and lens replacement surgery in a private group practice in Australia.DesignRetrospective case series comparison.ParticipantsPostoperative results from 400 consecutive patients undergoing implantation of an SN60WF intraocular lens post cataract removal by 12 surgeons were used.MethodsRefractive outcomes were compared with expected targets to determine the predicted refractive outcomes using the Hill‐radial basis function, Barrett Universal II and readily available third or fourth generation intraocular lens power calculation formulas.Main Outcome MeasureMean absolute predicted error.ResultsThe mean absolute predicted difference ranged from 0.30 to 0.34 D. There was no overall significant difference in the predicted difference or variance between formulas. All formulas achieved greater than 78.3% of eyes within ±0.5 D of intended refraction. The Hill‐radial basis function and Barrett formulas provided the lowest mean numerical error compared with existing formulas in short and long eyes, respectively. The Barrett Universal II formula had the lowest percentage of refractive surprises (>1 D from predicted error) across all axial lengths.Conclusions and RelevanceAcceptable outcomes ca...

Rose, TA & Wallace, SJ 2018, 'Family members’ experiences and preferences for receiving aphasia information during early phases in the continuum of care', Aphasiology, vol. 32, no. sup1, pp. 180-182.
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Rose, TA, Balse, A, Osmond, S, Poon, A, Simons, N & Wallace, SJ 2018, 'Aphasia education: speech-language pathologists’ perspectives regarding current and optimal practice', Aphasiology, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 967-988.
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Rouel, M & Smith, E 2018, 'Attentional Bias and Its Modification in Contamination OCD Symptomatology', Cognitive Therapy and Research, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 686-698.
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Rouel, M, Stevenson, RJ & Smith, E 2018, 'Examination of Responses Involved in Contamination Aversion Based on Threat Type', Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 83-106.
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There is evidence that different types of contaminants produce different responses and have different motivations for avoidance. Contaminants directly associated with disease (direct contaminants) are motivated by disgust avoidance, whereas contaminants indirectly associated with disease (indirect contaminants) and contaminants associated with harmful substances (harm contaminants) are motivated by harm avoidance and threat estimations. This study aims to confirm this distinction between contaminant types and examine the role of cognitive load, awareness and time on processing these threats. One hundred and four participants completed three chain of contagion tasks with direct, indirect, and harm contaminants. Cognitive load, awareness of contamination and time were manipulated during the tasks. Consistent with previous findings, direct contaminants produced stronger disgust responses, while harm and indirect contaminants produced stronger threat estimations. Increasing cognitive load did not impact processing of any type of contaminant. There was evidence that a time delay reduced the spread of contagion for all contaminants. This highlights the importance of time in altering the perception of contamination threat. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

Rouel, M, Stevenson, RJ & Smith, E 2018, 'Predicting Contamination Aversion Using Implicit and Explicit Measures of Disgust and Threat Overestimation', Behaviour Change, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 22-38.
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Explicit measures of disgust and threat overestimation have consistently been found to be involved in contamination aversion. However, evidence of the involvement of these factors at the implicit level is mixed, and the role of both responses has not been looked at concurrently. This study aimed to compare the ability of implicit and explicit measures of disgust and threat overestimation to predict contamination aversion and whether this depends on the type of contaminant. Sixty-five participants completed explicit and implicit measures of disgust and threat overestimation, as well as several measures of contamination aversion, including obsessive-compulsive tendencies, and contamination fear and avoidance of contaminants directly associated with disease (direct contaminants) and harmful substances (harm contaminants). It was found that both explicit disgust and explicit threat overestimation predicted contamination-fear obsessive-compulsive tendencies. Explicit disgust predicted contamination fear and avoidance of direct contaminants, whereas explicit threat overestimation predicted contamination fear and avoidance of harm contaminants. The involvement of implicit processes was weak, with some suggestion of difficulty disengaging predicting avoidance of contaminants. Implications for understanding dysfunctional contamination aversion are discussed.

Rouel, M, Stevenson, RJ, Milne-Home, J & Smith, E 2018, 'Differences in emotions and cognitions experienced in contamination aversion', Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 204380871879482-204380871879482.
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A current model of contamination aversion suggests that it has distinct affective and cognitive components that interact to respond to threats. The affective component involves disgust and responds preferentially to direct contaminants (e.g., feces). The cognitive component involves obsessive beliefs and responds preferentially to indirect contaminants (e.g., money). This study examined characteristics of the two components by comparing emotional and cognitive responses to different contaminants. In total, 47 participants completed behavioral avoidance tasks with direct, indirect, and harmful contaminants. Participants rated their disgust, fear of contamination, and threat estimation while in contact with each contaminant. The contaminants produced different emotional and cognitive responses, suggesting the differential involvement of affective and cognitive factors depending on the type of threat. Additionally, it was found that disgust did not habituate over time in contact with contaminants, whereas fear of contamination and threat estimation appeared to decline. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.

Said, A, Goebel, R, Ganso, M, Zagermann-Muncke, P & Schulz, M 2018, 'Drug shortages may compromise patient safety: Results of a survey of the reference pharmacies of the Drug Commission of German Pharmacists', Health Policy, vol. 122, no. 12, pp. 1302-1309.
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Sapp, JC, Johnston, JJ, Driscoll, K, Heidlebaugh, AR, Miren Sagardia, A, Dogbe, DN, Umstead, KL, Turbitt, E, Alevizos, I, Baron, J, Bönnemann, C, Brooks, B, Donkervoort, S, Jee, YH, Linehan, WM, McMahon, FJ, Moss, J, Mullikin, JC, Nielsen, D, Pelayo, E, Remaley, AT, Siegel, R, Su, H, Zarate, C, Manolio, TA, Biesecker, BB, Biesecker, LG, Barnabas, BB, Bouffard, GG, Brooks, SY, Coleman, H, Dekhtyar, L, Guan, X, Han, J, Ho, S-L, Legaspi, R, Maduro, QL, Masiello, CA, McDowell, JC, Montemayor, C, Park, M, Riebow, NL, Schandler, K, Scharer, C, Schmidt, B, Sison, C, Stantripop, S, Thomas, JW, Thomas, PJ, Vemulapalli, M & Young, AC 2018, 'Evaluation of Recipients of Positive and Negative Secondary Findings Evaluations in a Hybrid CLIA-Research Sequencing Pilot', The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 358-366.
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© 2018 While consensus regarding the return of secondary genomic findings in the clinical setting has been reached, debate about such findings in the research setting remains. We developed a hybrid, research-clinical translational genomics process for research exome data coupled with a CLIA-validated secondary findings analysis. Eleven intramural investigators from ten institutes at the National Institutes of Health piloted this process. Nearly 1,200 individuals were sequenced and 14 secondary findings were identified in 18 participants. Positive secondary findings were returned by a genetic counselor following a standardized protocol, including referrals for specialty follow-up care for the secondary finding local to the participants. Interviews were undertaken with 13 participants 4 months after receipt of a positive report. These participants reported minimal psychologic distress within a process to assimilate their results. Of the 13, 9 reported accessing the recommended health care services. A sample of 107 participants who received a negative findings report were surveyed 4 months after receiving it. They demonstrated good understanding of the negative secondary findings result and most expressed reassurance (64%) from that report. However, a notable minority (up to 17%) expressed confusion regarding the distinction of primary from secondary findings. This pilot shows it is feasible to couple CLIA-compliant secondary findings to research sequencing with minimal harms. Participants managed the surprise of a secondary finding with most following recommended follow up, yet some with negative findings conflated secondary and primary findings. Additional work is needed to understand barriers to follow-up care and help participants distinguish secondary from primary findings.

Saragiotto, BT, Maher, CG, Lin, C-WC, Verhagen, AP, Goergen, S & Michaleff, ZA 2018, 'Canadian C-spine rule and the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) for detecting clinically important cervical spine injury following blunt trauma', Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, vol. 2018, no. 4.
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© 2018 The Cochrane Collaboration. This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Diagnostic test accuracy). The objectives are as follows: To describe and compare the diagnostic accuracy of the Canadian C-spine rule and the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) to screen for clinically important cervical spine injury (CSI) in patients following blunt trauma.

Saragiotto, BT, Maher, CG, New, CH, Catley, M, Hancock, MJ, Cook, CE & Hodges, PW 2018, 'Clinimetric Testing of the Lumbar Spine Instability Questionnaire', Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 915-922.
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Scarinci, N, Rose, T, Cronan, A & Lambertz, K 2018, 'Speech pathology student experiences and perceptions of working with parents in a Hanen It Takes Two to Talk family-centred clinical placement', Speech, Language and Hearing, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 132-141.
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Seymour, KJ, Stein, T, Clifford, CWG & Sterzer, P 2018, 'Cortical suppression in human primary visual cortex predicts individual differences in illusory tilt perception', Journal of Vision, vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 3-3.
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Sezgin, G, Georgiou, A, Hardie, R-A, Li, L, Pont, LG, Badrick, T, Franco, GS, Westbrook, JI, Rinehart, N, McLeod, A, Pearce, C, Shearer, M, Whyte, R & Deveny, E 2018, 'Compliance with pathology testing guidelines in Australian general practice: protocol for a secondary analysis of electronic health record data', BMJ Open, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. e024223-e024223.
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IntroductionIn Australia, general practitioners usually are the first point of contact for patients with non-urgent medical conditions. Appropriate and efficient utilisation of pathology tests by general practitioners forms a key part of diagnosis and monitoring. However overutilisationand underutilisation of pathology tests have been reported across several tests and conditions, despite evidence-based guidelines outlining best practice in pathology testing. There are a limited number of studies evaluating the impact of these guidelines on pathology testing in general practice. The aim of our quantitative observational study is to define how pathology tests are used in general practice and investigate how test ordering practices align with evidence-based pathology guidelines.Methods and analysisAccess to non-identifiable patient data will be obtained through electronic health records from general practices across three primary health networks in Victoria, Australia. Numbers and characteristics of patients, general practices, encounters, pathology tests and problems managed over time will be described. Overall rates of encounters and tests, alongside more detailed investigation between subcategories (encounter year, patient’s age, gender, and location and general practice size), will also be undertaken. To evaluate how general practitioner test ordering coincides with evidence-based guidelines, five key candidate indicators will be investigated: full blood counts for patients on clozapine medication; international normalised ratio measurements for patients on warfarin medication; glycated haemoglobin testing for monitoring patients with diabetes; vitamin D testing; and thyroid function testing.Ethics and disseminationEthics clearance to collect data from general practice facilities has be...

Shapira, R, Turbitt, E, Erby, LH, Biesecker, BB, Klein, WMP & Hooker, GW 2018, 'Adaptation of couples living with a high risk of breast/ovarian cancer and the association with risk-reducing surgery', Familial Cancer, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 485-493.
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Women who carry BRCA1/2 mutations have a significantly elevated risk for breast and ovarian cancer. The positive test result and subsequent decisions about risk reducing behaviors can evoke distress, anxiety and worry. Psychological adaptation, or the process of coming to terms with the implications of a health threat, is an understudied construct in BRCA1/2 carriers. Little is known about adaptation and how it relates to other aspects of living at high risk for cancer. Even less is understood about adaptation among partners of BRCA1/2 carriers, and its relationship to adaptation in high risk individuals. Women at increased risk of breast/ovarian cancer (N = 103) and a subset of partners (N = 39) completed questionnaires that assessed risk management decisions (e.g. screening, risk-reducing surgery), dyadic coping, and the outcome of psychological adaptation. Women who had undergone risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) had significantly higher levels of adaptation than those who had not (t = 5.5, p < 0.001, d = 1.10). Partners of women who had undergone RRM also had higher levels of adaptation than partners of women who had not undergone RRM (t = 3.7, p = 0.01, d = 0.96), though this association was not statistically significant when controlling for carriers' adaptation. Undergoing risk-reducing oophorectomy was not associated with adaptation for BRCA1/2 carriers or their partners. Risk-reducing mastectomy is a significant event in the process of adapting to life at risk for hereditary cancer. Further, adaptation among partners is highly related to adaptation in carriers. These results aid in the understanding of the experience of couples living with cancer risk and the medical decisions related to adaptation.

Shrubsole, K, Worrall, L, Power, E & O'Connor, DA 2018, 'Priorities for Closing the Evidence-Practice Gaps in Poststroke Aphasia Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review', Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol. 99, no. 7, pp. 1413-1423.e24.
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© 2017 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Objective: To identify implementation priorities for poststroke aphasia management relevant to the Australian health care context. Data Sources: Using systematized searches of databases (CINAHL and MEDLINE), guideline and stroke websites, and other sources, evidence was identified and extracted for 7 implementation criteria for 13 topic areas relevant to aphasia management. These 7 priority-setting criteria were identified in the implementation literature: strength of the evidence, current evidence-practice gap, clinician preference, patient preference, modifiability, measurability, and health effect. Study Selection: Articles were included if they were in English, related to a specific recommendation requiring implementation, and contained information pertaining to any of the 7 prioritization criteria. Data Extraction: The scoping review methodology was chosen to address the broad nature of the topic. Evidence was extracted and placed in an evidence matrix. After this, evidence was summarized and then aphasia rehabilitation topics were prioritized using an approach developed by the research team. Data Synthesis: Evidence from 100 documents was extracted and summarized. Four topic areas were identified as implementation priorities for aphasia: timing, amount, and intensity of therapy; goal setting; information, education, and aphasia-friendly information; and constraint-induced language therapy. Conclusions: Closing the evidence-practice gaps in the 4 priority areas identified may deliver the greatest gains in outcomes for Australian stroke survivors with aphasia. Our approach to developing implementation priorities may be useful for identifying priorities for implementation in other health care areas.

Shrubsole, K, Worrall, L, Power, E & O'Connor, DA 2018, 'The Acute Aphasia IMplementation Study (AAIMS): a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial', International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 1021-1056.
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AbstractBackgroundEffective implementation strategies to improve speech and language therapists’ (SLTs) aphasia management practices are needed. Australian SLTs working in the acute setting have reported inconsistent implementation of post‐stroke aphasia guideline recommendations. Therefore, implementation efforts to address these gaps are necessary. However, little is known about the effectiveness of behaviour‐change strategies in SLTs providing acute aphasia management.AimsThis study designed and tested the feasibility, acceptability and potential effectiveness of a tailored implementation strategy to improve acute SLTs’ uptake of evidence in two areas of practice: aphasia‐friendly information provision; and collaborative goal setting.Methods & ProceduresA pilot cluster randomized controlled trial design was used (retrospective trial registration number ACTRN12618000170224). Four acute SLT teams were randomly assigned to receive either Intervention A (targeted at improving information provision) or Intervention B (targeted at improving collaborative goal setting), and were blinded to their allocation. Interventions were tailored to address known barriers and included a face‐to‐face workshop incorporating behaviour‐change techniques. Outcomes addressed the research questions of feasibility (e.g., treatment fidelity and retention of participants), acceptability (e.g., post‐study focus groups) and potential effectiveness (e.g., medical record audits and behaviour construct surveys). The quantitative data were recorded at baseline and 3–6‐month follow‐up, allowing for change scores to be calculated.Outcomes & ResultsAll four clusters completed the study, with 37 SLTs participating. The majority ...

Sleijser-Koehorst, MLS, Coppieters, MW, Heymans, MW, Rooker, S, Verhagen, AP & Scholten-Peeters, GGM 2018, 'Clinical course and prognostic models for the conservative management of cervical radiculopathy: a prospective cohort study', European Spine Journal, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 2710-2719.
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Smith, M & Hemsley, B 2018, 'Reflections on a special issue: motivations to encourage intervention designs', Augmentative and Alternative Communication, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 255-257.
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Stubbs, E, Togher, L, Kenny, B, Fromm, D, Forbes, M, MacWhinney, B, McDonald, S, Tate, R, Turkstra, L & Power, E 2018, 'Procedural discourse performance in adults with severe traumatic brain injury at 3 and 6 months post injury', Brain Injury, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 167-181.
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© 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Background: There is limited research on communicative recovery during the early stages after a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in adults. Methods and procedures: In the current study 43 people with severe TBI described a simple procedure at 3 and 6 months post injury and this was compared to the description provided by 37 healthy speakers. Linguistic productivity and the presence of macrostructural discourse elements were analysed. Main outcomes and results: No change occurred in productivity in the TBI group between the two time points. There was increased use of relevant information (macrostructure) over time for the TBI group, reflecting improvement. People with TBI differed from controls in speech rate and in two out of three macrostructural categories at both time points, indicating difficulties even after 12 weeks of recovery. Conclusions: Overall, the quality, rather than the quantity of discourse was disordered for participants with TBI. Findings indicate that procedural discourse is sensitive to discourse deficits of people with TBI and can be used to map recovery during the sub-acute phase.

Stubbs, PW, Walsh, LD, D'Souza, A, Héroux, ME, Bolsterlee, B, Gandevia, SC & Herbert, RD 2018, 'History‐dependence of muscle slack length following contraction and stretch in the human vastus lateralis', The Journal of Physiology, vol. 596, no. 11, pp. 2121-2129.
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Key pointsIn reduced muscle preparations, the slack length and passive stiffness of muscle fibres have been shown to be influenced by previous muscle contraction or stretch. In human muscles, such behaviours have been inferred from measures of muscle force, joint stiffness and reflex magnitudes and latencies.Using ultrasound imaging, we directly observed that isometric contraction of the vastus lateralis muscle at short lengths reduces the slack lengths of the muscle–tendon unit and muscle fascicles. The effect is apparent 60 s after the contraction.These observations imply that muscle contraction at short lengths causes the formation of bonds which reduce the effective length of structures that generate passive tension in muscles.AbstractIn reduced muscle preparations, stretch and muscle contraction change the properties of relaxed muscle fibres. In humans, effects of stretch and contraction on properties of relaxed muscles have been inferred from measurements of time taken to develop force, joint stiffness and reflex latencies. The current study used ultrasound imaging to directly observe the effects of stretch and contraction on muscle–tendon slack length and fascicle slack length of the human vastus lateralis muscle in vivo. The muscle was conditioned by (a) strong isometric contractions at long muscle–tendon lengths, (b) strong isometric contractions at short muscle–tendon lengths, (c) weak isometric contractions at long muscle–tendon lengths and (d) slow stretches. One minute after conditioning, ultrasound images were acquired from the relaxed muscle as it was slowly lengthened through its physiological range. The ultrasound...

Sunkara, KP, Gupta, G, Hansbro, PM, Dua, K & Bebawy, M 2018, 'Functional relevance of SATB1 in immune regulation and tumorigenesis', Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, vol. 104, pp. 87-93.
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© 2018 The Special AT-rich Sequence Binding Protein 1 (SATB1) is a chromatin organiser and transcription factor which regulates numerous cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis through effects on gene expression. SATB1 undergoes various post-translational modifications, which determine its interaction with co-activators and co-repressors to induce regulation of gene transcription. SATB1 is an identified oncogene, its increased expression is associated with poor prognosis in many cancers. This paper provides a review on SATB1-mediated immune responses and on its target genes in the context of tumorigenesis and tumour progression. Specifically, we discuss the role of SATB1 in tumour immunity, Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), metastasis and multidrug resistance. Therapeutic targeting of aberrant SATB1 may be an important strategy in the treatment of cancer.

Thoomes, E, Vos, C & Verhagen, A 2018, 'Spurlingtest helpt bij diagnosticeren cervicale radiculopathie', Huisarts en wetenschap, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 36-43.
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Introduction General practitioners and physiotherapists base the diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy on information from the case history and physical examination, possibly supplemented with imaging. With this research we want to provide insight into the scientific evidence for the validity of the physical examination for the diagnosis cervical radiculopathy. Method The literature up to March 2016 has been searched for studies that contain data on the validity of physical examinations in patients with suspected cervical radiculopathy. We used imaging research and / or surgical findings as a reference standard. The methodological quality of the included studies has been determined with the QUADAS-2. Results We found five studies that evaluated five different tests. Only the Spurling test was evaluated in more than one study, with specificity ranging from 0.89 to 1.00 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.00) and with sensitivity ranging from 0.38 to 0.97 ( 95% CI 0.21 to 0.99). We found no studies with data on the validity of commonly used neurological tests such as reflex, sensitivity and muscle strength studies. Conclusions With a consistent history, a positive Spurling test added to the physical examination can increase the likelihood of the diagnosis (limited evidence). Negative neurodynamic tests, such as the Upper Limp Neural Test ULNT I, IIa and III, can help rule out the diagnosis (limited evidence).

Thoomes, EJ, van Geest, S, van der Windt, DA, Falla, D, Verhagen, AP, Koes, BW, Thoomes-de Graaf, M, Kuijper, B, Scholten-Peeters, WGM & Vleggeert-Lankamp, CL 2018, 'Value of physical tests in diagnosing cervical radiculopathy: a systematic review', The Spine Journal, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 179-189.
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© 2017 Elsevier Inc. Background Context In clinical practice, the diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy is based on information from the patient's history, physical examination, and diagnostic imaging. Various physical tests may be performed, but their diagnostic accuracy is unknown. Purpose This study aimed to summarize and update the evidence on diagnostic performance of tests carried out during a physical examination for the diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy. Study Design A review of the accuracy of diagnostic tests was carried out. Study Sample The study sample comprised diagnostic studies comparing results of tests performed during a physical examination in diagnosing cervical radiculopathy with a reference standard of imaging or surgical findings. Outcome Measures Sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios are presented, together with pooled results for sensitivity and specificity. Methods A literature search up to March 2016 was performed in CENTRAL, PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2. Results Five diagnostic accuracy studies were identified. Only Spurling's test was evaluated in more than one study, showing high specificity ranging from 0.89 to 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59–1.00); sensitivity varied from 0.38 to 0.97 (95% CI: 0.21–0.99). No studies were found that assessed the diagnostic accuracy of widely used neurological tests such as key muscle strength, tendon reflexes, and sensory impairments. Conclusions There is limited evidence for accuracy of physical examination tests for the diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy. When consistent with patient history, clinicians may use a combination of Spurling's, axial traction, and an Arm Squeeze test to increase the likelihood of a cervical radiculopathy, whereas a combined results of four negative neurodynamics tests and an Arm Squeeze test could be used to rule out the disorder.

Thoomes-de Graaf, M, Scholten-Peeters, W, Karel, Y, Verwoerd, A, Koes, B & Verhagen, A 2018, 'One question might be capable of replacing the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) when measuring disability: a prospective cohort study', Quality of Life Research, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 401-410.
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© 2017, The Author(s). Questions: Is it possible to replace the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) with a single substitute question for people with shoulder pain, when measuring disability and how well does this substitute question perform as a predictor for recovery. Design: A prospective cohort study. Participants: A total of 356 patients with shoulder pain in primary care. Analyses: Convergent, divergent, and “known” groups validity were assessed by using hypotheses testing. Responsiveness was assessed using the Receiver Operating Curve and hypothesis testing. In addition, we performed multivariate regression to assess if the substitute question showed similar properties as the SPADI and if it affected the model itself, using recovery as an outcome. Results: The Spearman correlation coefficient between the total SPADI score and the substitute question was high, and moderate with the Shoulder Disability Questionnaire. The correlation between the substitute question and the EQ-5D-3L was low and the responsiveness was acceptable. The substitute question did not significantly contribute to both prognostic prediction models as opposed to the SPADI. Regardless all models showed poor to fair discrimination. Conclusion: The single question is a reasonable substitute for the SPADI and can be used as a screening instrument for shoulder disability in primary clinical practice. It has slightly poorer predictive power and should therefore not be used for prognosis.

Tolin, DF, Gilliam, C, Wootton, BM, Bowe, W, Bragdon, LB, Davis, E, Hannan, SE, Steinman, SA, Worden, B & Hallion, LS 2018, 'Psychometric Properties of a Structured Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 Anxiety, Mood, and Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders', Assessment, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 3-13.
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Three hundred sixty-two adult patients were administered the Diagnostic Interview for Anxiety, Mood, and OCD and Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders (DIAMOND). Of these, 121 provided interrater reliability data, and 115 provided test–retest reliability data. Participants also completed a battery of self-report measures that assess symptoms of anxiety, mood, and obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Interrater reliability of DIAMOND anxiety, mood, and obsessive-compulsive and related diagnoses ranged from very good to excellent. Test–retest reliability of DIAMOND diagnoses ranged from good to excellent. Convergent validity was established by significant between-group comparisons on applicable self-report measures for nearly all diagnoses. The results of the present study indicate that the DIAMOND is a promising semistructured diagnostic interview for DSM-5 disorders.

Tolin, DF, Hallion, LS, Wootton, BM, Levy, HC, Billingsley, AL, Das, A, Katz, BW & Stevens, MC 2018, 'Subjective cognitive function in hoarding disorder', Psychiatry Research, vol. 265, pp. 215-220.
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© 2018 The aim of the present study was to examine subjective cognitive impairment among adult patients with hoarding disorder (HD). Eighty-three patients with HD and 46 age- and gender-matched healthy control (HC) participants received a diagnostic interview and completed measures of subjective cognitive functioning and motivations for saving behavior, as well as measures of hoarding severity, depression, anxiety, stress, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. The HD group reported more impairment than did the HC group in domains of memory, distractibility, blunders, memory for names, and inattention. These differences generally remained significant when controlling for comorbid symptoms. In the HD group, the degree of cognitive impairment was significantly correlated with severity of saving and acquiring behaviors, although results were attenuated when controlling for comorbid symptoms (overall HD severity, but not saving behavior specifically, remained significantly correlated with cognitive impairment). Subjective cognitive impairment was further associated with a desire to save possessions in order to avoid forgetting, and these results remained significant when controlling for comorbid symptoms. These results comport with current behavioral models of HD that emphasize decision-making deficits, as well as clinician observations suggestive of impaired cognitive function, and complement a growing body of neuropsychological testing studies.

Tolin, DF, Levy, HC, Wootton, BM, Hallion, LS & Stevens, MC 2018, 'Hoarding disorder and difficulties in emotion regulation', Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, vol. 16, no. January, pp. 98-103.
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The present study aimed to examine self-reported deficits in emotion regulation (ER) among individuals with hoarding disorder (HD). Seventy-seven adult outpatients with HD and 45 age- and gender-matched healthy control (HC) participants received a diagnostic assessment and completed self-report measures of hoarding severity, depression, and anxiety. In addition, participants completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), which measures lack of emotional clarity (Clarity), difficulty regulating behavior when distressed (Impulse), difficulty engaging in goal-directed cognition and behavior when distressed (Goals), unwillingness to accept emotional responses (Accept), and lack of access to strategies for feeling better when distressed (Strategies). The HD group scored higher on all DERS subscales than did the HC group; self-reported ER deficits remained evident when controlling for baseline depression, anxiety, and stress. The DERS correlated significantly with hoarding severity in the HD group: acquiring was significantly correlated with DERS Impulse, Strategies, and Accept; saving was significantly correlated with DERS Accept. Correlations remained significant when controlling for depression, anxiety, and stress. Results suggest that HD is characterized by self-reported deficits in ER, and that this relationship is not solely attributable to high levels of depression and anxiety.

Torres-Robles, A, Wiecek, E, Tonin, FS, Benrimoj, SI, Fernandez-Llimos, F & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2018, 'Comparison of Interventions to Improve Long-Term Medication Adherence Across Different Clinical Conditions: A Systematic Review With Network Meta-Analysis', Frontiers in Pharmacology, vol. 9.
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Tran, S, Kenny, B, Power, E, Tate, R, McDonald, S, Heard, R & Togher, L 2018, 'Cognitive-communication and psychosocial functioning 12 months after severe traumatic brain injury', Brain Injury, vol. 32, no. 13-14, pp. 1700-1711.
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Turbitt, E, Chrysostomou, PP, Peay, HL, Heidlebaugh, AR, Nelson, LM & Biesecker, BB 2018, 'A randomized controlled study of a consent intervention for participating in an NIH genome sequencing study', European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 622-630.
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To make an informed choice to participate in a genome sequencing study that may yield primary and secondary findings, one understands relevant information in the context of personal values. Consent forms to enroll in a sequencing study can be long and complex. The efficacy of the professional encounter to consider the information contained in the consent form and make an informed choice is unknown. Women diagnosed with primary ovarian insufficiency and eligible for a sequencing study were randomized to participate in one of two encounters with a genetic counselor: a consent intervention using a lower literacy, less dense form or a standard consent encounter. Data were complete for 188 of 225 participants. The average time was 32 min for the intervention and 34 min for the standard, with the intervention encounter generating more questions from participants. At six weeks following consent, no differences were found between the two groups in primary outcomes: 'sequencing benefits' knowledge (d  =  0.12, 95%CI: -0.03,0.27), 'sequencing limitations' knowledge (d  =  0.04, 95%CI: -0.13,0.21), expected personal benefits (d  =  -0.01, 95%CI: -0.26,0.23), and decisional conflict (d =  0.04, 95%CI: -0.14,0.21). Although intentions to learn secondary variants were high, only 60% (113) of participants made an informed choice as defined by the multi-dimensional model of informed choice. We found that a modified consent intervention was as effective as a standard encounter and led to more interaction. Our data suggest that making decisions to receive secondary findings may be particularly challenging and in need of further investigation to achieve informed choice.

Turbitt, E, Roberts, MC, Ferrer, RA, Taber, JM, Lewis, KL, Biesecker, LG, Biesecker, BB & Klein, WMP 2018, 'Intentions to share exome sequencing results with family members: exploring spousal beliefs and attitudes', European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 735-739.
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Given familial implications of genetic information, it is important to understand intentions to share carrier results with family members. To our knowledge, no studies among individuals undergoing exome sequencing have used dyadic data analysis to examine the effect of spousal perceptions and beliefs. Survey responses from 136 individuals (68 couples) undergoing exome sequencing in a research study were analyzed using dyadic analysis (the actor-partner interdependence model). Intention to share carrier results with family members was correlated between spouses (ICC = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.21-0.61; p = 0.004), as was worry about risk of a genetic condition in the family (ICC = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.24-0.62; p < 0.001). Perceived value of result and worry about risk of a genetic condition in the family were associated with one's own intentions to share carrier results. However, spousal status on these variables did not explain additional variance in an individual's intentions. Although we found no partner effects on intentions, spouses have comparable intentions to share carrier results, suggesting it may be important to account for non-independence in other research studies.

van den Heijkant, G, Koenen, N, Verhagen, A & Bindels, P 2018, 'Kromliggen doet pijn', Huisarts en wetenschap, vol. 61, no. 8, pp. 33-35.
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van der Meer, HG, Taxis, K & Pont, LG 2018, 'Changes in Prescribing Symptomatic and Preventive Medications in the Last Year of Life in Older Nursing Home Residents', Frontiers in Pharmacology, vol. 8, no. JAN.
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© 2018 van der Meer, Taxis and Pont. Background: At the end of life goals of care change from disease prevention to symptomatic control, however, little is known about the patterns of medication prescribing at this stage. Objectives: To explore changes in prescribing of symptomatic and preventive medication in the last year of life in older nursing home residents. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using pharmacy medication supply data of 553 residents from 16 nursing home facilities around Sydney, Australia. Residents received 24-h nursing care, were aged = 65 years, died between June 2008 and June 2010 and were using at least one medication 1 year before death. Medications were classified as symptomatic, preventive, or other. A linear mixed model was used to compare changes in prescribing in the last year of life. Results: 68.1% of residents were female, mean age was 88.0 (SD: 7.5) years and residents used a mean of 9.1 (SD: 4.1) medications 1 year before death. The mean number of symptomatic medications per resident increased from 4.6 medications 1 year before death to 5.1 medications at death [95% CI 4.4-4.7 to 5.9-5.2, P = 0.000], while preventive medication decreased from 2.0 to 1.4 medications [95% CI 1.9-2.1 to 1.3-1.5, P = 0.000] . Symptomatic medications were used longer in the last year of life, compared to preventive medications (336.3 days [95% CI 331.8-340.8] versus 310.9 days [95% CI 305.2-316.7] , P = 0.000). Conclusion: Use of medications for symptom relief increased throughout the last year of life, while medications for prevention of long-term complications decreased. But changes were slight and clinical relevance can be questioned.

van der Meer, HG, Wouters, H, Pont, LG & Taxis, K 2018, 'Reducing the anticholinergic and sedative load in older patients on polypharmacy by pharmacist-led medication review: a randomised controlled trial', BMJ Open, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. e019042-e019042.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate if a pharmacist-led medication review is effective at reducing the anticholinergic/sedative load, as measured by the Drug Burden Index (DBI).DesignRandomised controlled single blind trial.Setting15 community pharmacies in the Northern Netherlands.Participants157 community-dwelling patients aged ≥65 years who used ≥5 medicines for ≥3 months, including at least one psycholeptic/psychoanaleptic medication and who had a DBI≥1.InterventionA medication review by the community pharmacist in collaboration with the patient’s general practitioner and patient.Primary and secondary outcomes measuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of patients whose DBI decreased by at least 0.5. Secondary outcomes were the presence of anticholinergic/sedative side effects, falls, cognitive function, activities of daily living, quality of life, hospital admission and mortality. Data were collected at baseline and 3 months follow-up.ResultsMean participant age was 75.7 (SD, 6.9) years in the intervention arm and 76.6 (SD, 6.7) years in the control arm, the majority were female (respectively 69.3% and 72.0%). Logistic regression analysis showed no difference in the proportion of patients with a≥0.5 decrease in DBI between intervention arm (17.3%) and control arm (15.9%), (OR 1.04, CI 0.47 to 2.64, p=0.927). Intervention patients scored higher on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, measure of cognitive function (OR 2.02, CI 1.11 to 3.67, p=0.021) and reported fewer sedative side effects (OR 0.61, CI 0.40 to 0.94, p=0.024) at follow-up. No signifi...

Van Eerdenbrugh, S, Packman, A, O'Brian, S & Onslow, M 2018, 'Challenges and Strategies for Speech-Language Pathologists Using the Lidcombe Program for Early Stuttering', American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 27, no. 3S, pp. 1259-1272.
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Purpose The Lidcombe program is a treatment for preschool-age children who stutter. Studies indicate that its implementation is not always straightforward. In this study, challenges that parents and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) encounter when implementing the Lidcombe program were identified, and strategies to address them were sought. Method In Part 1, Lidcombe program treatment challenges were determined from 4 sources. In Part 2, 7 SLPs with 15 to 23 years of Lidcombe program experience were interviewed to develop strategies to respond to the identified treatment challenges. Result A template of the themes and a report with possible strategies are the outcomes of this study. A total of 124 themes were identified, mostly related to the implementation of Lidcombe program procedures. Strategies to deal with these challenges were formulated. Conclusions This study provides treatment challenges that parents or SLPs may encounter during the Lidcombe program. It also provides strategies that SLPs can suggest to address them. An added contribution of the findings is that SLPs in the clinic can now anticipate the sort of treatment challenges that parents may face. A summary of the findings will be made available on the Australian Stuttering Research Centre website and through the Lidcombe Program Trainers Consortium.

Van Eerdenbrugh, S, Packman, A, Onslow, M, O’brian, S & Menzies, R 2018, 'Development of an internet version of the Lidcombe Program of early stuttering intervention: A trial of Part 1', International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 216-225.
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© 2016 The Speech Pathology Association of Australia Limited Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Purpose: There is evidence that access to treatment for early stuttering is not available for all who need it. An internet version of the Lidcombe Program for early stuttering (Internet-LP) has been developed to deal with this shortfall. The LP is suitable for such development because it is delivered by parents in the child’s everyday environment, with training by a speech-language pathologist. A Phase I trial of Internet-LP Part 1, comprising parent training, is reported here. Method: Eight parents of pre-schoolers who stutter were recruited and six completed the trial. Result: Post-trial assessment indicated that the parents scored well for identifying and measuring stuttering and for knowledge about conducting practice sessions, including how to present verbal contingencies during practice sessions. Conclusion: The results prompted minor adjustments to Part 1 and guided the construction of Part 2, which instructs parents during the remainder of the treatment process.

van Poppel, D, Scholten-Peeters, GGM, van Middelkoop, M, Koes, BW & Verhagen, AP 2018, 'Risk models for lower extremity injuries among short- and long distance runners: A prospective cohort study', Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, vol. 36, pp. 48-53.
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© 2018 Background: Running injuries are very common. Risk factors for running injuries are not consistently described across studies and do not differentiate between runners of long- and short distances within one cohort. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine risk factors for running injuries in recreational long- and short distance runners separately. Design: A prospective cohort study. Methods: Recreational runners from four different running events are invited to participate. They filled in a baseline questionnaire assessing possible risk factors about 4 weeks before the run and one a week after the run assessing running injuries. Using logistic regression we developed an overall risk model and separate risk models based on the running distance. Results: In total 3768 runners participated in this study. The overall risk model contained 4 risk factors: previous injuries (OR 3.7) and running distance during the event (OR 1.3) increased the risk of a running injury whereas older age (OR 0.99) and more training kilometers per week (OR 0.99) showed a decrease. Models between short- and long distance runners did not differ significantly. Previous injuries increased the risk of a running injury in all models, while more training kilometers per week decreased this risk. Conclusions: We found that risk factors for running injuries were not related to running distances. Previous injury is a generic risk factor for running injuries, as is weekly training distance. Prevention of running injuries is important and a higher weekly training volume seems to prevent injuries to a certain extent.

Veldre, A & Andrews, S 2018, 'Beyond cloze probability: Parafoveal processing of semantic and syntactic information during reading', Journal of Memory and Language, vol. 100, pp. 1-17.
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Veldre, A & Andrews, S 2018, 'How does foveal processing difficulty affect parafoveal processing during reading?', Journal of Memory and Language, vol. 103, pp. 74-90.
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Veldre, A & Andrews, S 2018, 'Parafoveal preview effects depend on both preview plausibility and target predictability', Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 64-74.
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Recent studies using the boundary paradigm have shown that readers benefit from a parafoveal preview of a plausible continuation of the sentence. This plausibility preview effect occurs irrespective of the semantic or orthographic relatedness of the preview and target word, suggesting that it depends on the degree to which a preview word fits the preceding context. The present study tested this hypothesis by examining the impact of contextual constraint on processing a plausible word in the parafovea. Participants’ eye movements were recorded as they read sentences in which a target word was either highly predictable or unpredictable. The boundary paradigm was used to compare predictable, unpredictable, and implausible previews. The results showed that target predictability significantly modulated the effects of identical and plausible previews. Identical previews yielded significantly more benefit than plausible previews for highly predictable targets, but for unpredictable targets a plausible preview was as beneficial as an identical preview. The results shed light on the role of contextual predictability in early lexical processing. Furthermore, these data support the view that readers activate a set of appropriate words from the preceding sentence context, prior to the presentation of the target word.

Verhagen, AP 2018, 'Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire', Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 60-60.
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Verhagen, AP 2018, 'Clinimetrics: Measuring Yourself Medical Outcome Profile', Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 268-268.
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Verhoeven, AAC, Watson, P & de Wit, S 2018, 'Failing to pay heed to health warnings in a food-associated environment', Appetite, vol. 120, pp. 616-626.
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Wallace, SJ, Worrall, L, Rose, T, Le Dorze, G, Kirke, E & Kolomeitz, D 2018, 'Report from ROMA: an update on the development of a core outcome set for aphasia research', Aphasiology, vol. 32, no. sup1, pp. 241-242.
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Wallace, SJ, Worrall, LE, Rose, T & Le Dorze, G 2018, 'Discourse measurement in aphasia research: have we reached the tipping point? A core outcome set … or greater standardisation of discourse measures?', Aphasiology, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 479-482.
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Walsh, L, Hill, S, Allan, M, Balandin, S, Georgiou, A, Higgins, I, Kraal, B, McCarthy, S & Hemsley, B 2018, 'A content analysis of the consumer-facing online information about My Health Record: Implications for increasing knowledge and awareness to facilitate uptake and use', Health Information Management Journal, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 106-115.
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Background: Low health literacy, low levels of positive belief and privacy and security concerns have been identified as a significant barrier to personal electronic health record uptake and use. An important tool for overcoming these barriers is the consumer-facing information which accompanies the system. My Health Record (MyHR) is the Australian national e-health record system, for which a large suite of online resources exists to facilitate consumer registration and use. This study uses a number of different measures of health resource quality to assess the MyHR online consumer-facing information and identify any gaps or areas for improvement. Objective: To analyse the quality and content of the online consumer-facing resources which support the uptake and use of MyHR. Method: Australian information resources aimed at healthcare consumers about the MyHR were included in this study. A comprehensive search using Internet search engines was conducted to locate all online consumer-facing resources about MyHR from both government and non-government sources. Readability (measured by Flesch–Kincaid grade level), year of publication/review, publishing organisation type, presentation style, linked websites, target audience, and themes were identified as important measures of health information quality, and these were recorded and reported on for each resource. Results: Eighty resources met the inclusion criteria. The mean Flesch–Kincaid grade level was 11.8. Most resources were created by Australian government sources ( n = 55), and the most common target audience was the general public ( n = 65). Registration ( n = 51), privacy/security ( n = 49), and benefits of use ( n = 46) were the most common resource themes.

Watson, P & de Wit, S 2018, 'Current limits of experimental research into habits and future directions', Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, vol. 20, pp. 33-39.
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Watson, P, Wiers, RW, Hommel, B & de Wit, S 2018, 'Motivational sensitivity of outcome-response priming: Experimental research and theoretical models', Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 2069-2082.
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Wingbermühle, RW, van Trijffel, E, Nelissen, PM, Koes, B & Verhagen, AP 2018, 'Few promising multivariable prognostic models exist for recovery of people with non-specific neck pain in musculoskeletal primary care: a systematic review', Journal of Physiotherapy, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 16-23.
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© 2017 Australian Physiotherapy Association Question Which multivariable prognostic model(s) for recovery in people with neck pain can be used in primary care? Design Systematic review of studies evaluating multivariable prognostic models. Participants People with non-specific neck pain presenting at primary care. Determinants Baseline characteristics of the participants. Outcome measures Recovery measured as pain reduction, reduced disability, or perceived recovery at short-term and long-term follow-up. Results Fifty-three publications were included, of which 46 were derivation studies, four were validation studies, and three concerned combined studies. The derivation studies presented 99 multivariate models, all of which were at high risk of bias. Three externally validated models generated usable models in low risk of bias studies. One predicted recovery in non-specific neck pain, while two concerned participants with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD). Discriminative ability of the non-specific neck pain model was area under the curve (AUC) 0.65 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.71). For the first WAD model, discriminative ability was AUC 0.85 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.91). For the second WAD model, specificity was 99% (95% CI 93 to 100) and sensitivity was 44% (95% CI 23 to 65) for prediction of non-recovery, and 86% (95% CI 73 to 94) and 55% (95% CI 41 to 69) for prediction of recovery, respectively. Initial Neck Disability Index scores and age were identified as consistent prognostic factors in these three models. Conclusion Three externally validated models were found to be usable and to have low risk of bias, of which two showed acceptable discriminative properties for predicting recovery in people with neck pain. These three models need further validation and evaluation of their clinical impact before their broad clinical use can be advocated. Registration PROSPERO CRD42016042204. [Wingbermühle RW, van Trijffel E, Nelissen PM, Koes B, Verhagen AP (2018) Few promisin...

Wootton, BM & Macgregor, A 2018, 'Accelerated outpatient individual cognitive‐behaviour therapy for panic disorder: A case study', Clinical Psychologist, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 92-98.
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Wootton, BM, Hunn, A, Moody, A, Lusk, BR, Ranson, VA & Felmingham, KL 2018, 'Accelerated Outpatient Individual Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder: A Preliminary Pilot Study', Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 690-705.
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Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common and chronic mental health condition. Given the significant prevalence and impairment caused by SAD, it is important to investigate novel ways to improve the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for SAD. One approach may be to provide CBT in an accelerated fashion, which involves multiple sessions per week. Such accelerated treatments have been shown to be effective in other anxiety disorders, but in SAD this accelerated treatment has only been studied in a group treatment format. Aims: The aim of this study was to provide a preliminary investigation of the efficacy of individual accelerated CBT (aCBT) in the treatment of SAD. Method: The studied utilized an open trial design. Seventeen participants commenced the treatment, which consisted of 12 sessions delivered over 4 weeks. Results: The results indicated that participants obtained moderate to large effect sizes on measures of SAD at post-treatment (range d = 0.76–0.92) and 3-month follow-up (range d = 1.31–1.79). In addition, at post-treatment, 59% of participants no longer met criteria for SAD, and this number increased to 71% at 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: The results provide preliminary evidence to suggest that individual aCBT may be an important treatment option for individuals with SAD.

Wootton, BM, Steinman, SA, Czerniawski, A, Norris, K, Baptie, C, Diefenbach, G & Tolin, DF 2018, 'An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Transdiagnostic Bibliotherapy Program for Anxiety and Related Disorders: Results From Two Studies Using a Benchmarking Approach', Cognitive Therapy and Research, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 565-580.
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© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Anxiety and related disorders are common and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for these disorders. However, patients face many barriers to accessing this treatment. Remote delivery of treatment using bibliotherapy-administered CBT (BCBT) has the potential to increase accessibility to evidence-based treatment for patients with anxiety and related disorders. This study investigated the effectiveness of a transdiagnostic BCBT intervention in two open trials. While the BCBT intervention in both studies were identical, the first study was unguided (i.e., no clinician support provided), and the second study was guided (i.e., patients were provided with brief clinician support via telephone). Twenty-three participants with mixed anxiety disorders completed the first Study (unguided treatment) and results exhibited significant reductions on the primary outcome measure with within-group effect sizes of d = 1.29 (95% CI 0.64–1.91) at post-treatment and d = 1.52 (95% CI 0.84–2.15) at 3-month follow up. Forty-one participants with various anxiety and related disorders completed Study 2 (guided intervention) and results were similar to Study 1 with large within-group effect sizes seen at post-treatment (d = 0.95; 95% CI 0.49–1.40) and 3-month follow up (d = 0.87; 95% CI 0.41–1.31). In both studies participants found the intervention to be highly acceptable, and benchmarking analyses indicated that the outcomes were largely consistent with those of controlled trials. These are the first studies to investigate the effectiveness of a transdiagnostic BCBT program for the treatment of anxiety and related disorders and the results demonstrate preliminary support for this treatment methodology.

Yamato, TP, Maher, CG, Saragiotto, BT, Catley, MJ & Moseley, AM 2018, 'Rasch analysis suggested that items from the template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist can be summed to create a score', Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol. 101, pp. 28-34.
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Yeung, S, Traini, D, Lewis, D & Young, PM 2018, 'Dosing challenges in respiratory therapies', International Journal of Pharmaceutics, vol. 548, no. 1, pp. 659-671.
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Yeung, S, Traini, D, Tweedie, A, Lewis, D, Church, T & Young, PM 2018, 'Limitations of high dose carrier based formulations', International Journal of Pharmaceutics, vol. 544, no. 1, pp. 141-152.
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You, J, Corley, SM, Wen, L, Hodge, C, Höllhumer, R, Madigan, MC, Wilkins, MR & Sutton, G 2018, 'RNA-Seq analysis and comparison of corneal epithelium in keratoconus and myopia patients', Scientific Reports, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 389-389.
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AbstractKeratoconus is a common degenerative corneal disease that can lead to significant visual morbidity, and both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in its pathogenesis. We compared the transcriptome of keratoconus and control epithelium using RNA-Seq. Epithelial tissues were obtained prior to surgery from keratoconus and myopia control patients, undergoing collagen cross-linking and photorefractive keratectomy, respectively. We identified major differences in keratoconus linked to cell-cell communication, cell signalling and cellular metabolism. The genes associated with the Hedgehog, Wnt and Notch1 signaling pathways were down-regulated in keratoconus. We also identified plasmolipin and Notch1 as being significantly reduced in keratoconus for both gene and protein expression (p < 0.05). Plasmolipin is a novel protein identified in human corneal epithelium, and has been demonstrated to have a key role in epithelial cell differentiation in other tissues. This study shows altered gene and protein expression of these three proteins in keratoconus, and further studies are clearly warranted to confirm the functional role of these proteins in the pathogenesis of keratoconus.

You, J, Munoz-Erazo, L, Wen, L, Hodge, C, Madigan, MC & Sutton, G 2018, 'In-VitroEffects of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 1 (SFRP1) On Human Corneal Epithelial Cells', Current Eye Research, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 455-459.
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© 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Purpose: Limbal corneal epithelial cells (LCECs) are responsible for corneal epithelial cell regeneration. However, corneal central epithelial cells (CCECs) are also suggested to display potential for self-renewal. Additionally, a better understanding of molecules that regulate corneal epithelial cell regeneration is important for studying conditions affecting the cornea, for example, keratoconus. Given our previous findings of reduced levels of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) in tears from keratoconus patients compared to controls, we investigated the effects of SFRP1 on the proliferation and survival of cultured central and limbal human corneal epithelial cells. Material and methods: Limbal and central corneal explants were established from postmortem human corneas, and cultured in CnT-PR, an epithelial-specific tissue culture media. Subcultured cells from explants were immunostained for the cytokeratins CK3, 12, 19, and the proliferative/oligopotent markers Ki67 and p63. BrdU flow cytometry, Alamar Blue and LDH assays were used to assess effects of SFRP1 treatment on central and LCECs. Results: Primary limbal and central corneal epithelial cells were successfully cultured in vitro to confluence (P6 and P4, respectively). They all expressed varying levels of cytokeratins CK3, CK12 and CK19, and Ki67 and p63. Additionally, they showed significantly increased metabolic activity after SFRP1 treatment (p < 0.05), with a maximum response at 1 μg/mL of SPRF1. No difference in proliferation was detected in SFRP1 treated LCECs; however, a reduction in cell death was noted (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Similar to the LCECs, primary human CCECs can be cultured in vitro, and expressed epithelial markers. SFRP1 demonstrated an improvement on the metabolic activity of both CCECs and LCECs, which in LCECs could be resulted from reduced cell death. This may have implications in degenerative corneal disorders, such as keratoconus.

Young, L, Shrubsole, K, Worrall, L & Power, E 2018, 'Factors that influence Australian speech-language pathologists’ self-reported uptake of aphasia rehabilitation recommendations from clinical practice guidelines', Aphasiology, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 646-665.
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© 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Background: There are clinical practice guidelines for speech-language pathologists’ aphasia management practices. However, reported adherence to aphasia guideline recommendations is variable. The barriers and facilitators to meeting aphasia management recommendations are not well understood. In order to develop theory-informed strategies to improve implementation of aphasia management practices, a better understanding of these barriers and facilitators is required. Aims: This study aimed to describe barriers and facilitators to speech-language pathologists’ uptake and implementation of five prioritised recommended practices for aphasia management. Methods & Procedures: An online survey sought information from Australian speech-language pathologists working with clients with aphasia. The survey focused on five practices including goal setting, information provision, constraint-induced language therapy, timing, and intensity of intervention. The Theoretical Domains Framework was used to design the survey, with several statements generated about factors influencing practice for each domain. Outcomes & Results: Surveys were completed by 63 respondents. The theoretical domain “environmental context and resources” (e.g., “I have insufficient time to engage in…”) was the main perceived barrier for the majority of practices being investigated, whilst the theoretical domain “social/professional role and identity” (e.g., “It is part of my role with the multidisciplinary stroke team to engage in…”) was the main perceived implementation facilitator for all practices. The top three barriers and facilitators varied for each of the five recommended practices being investigated. Across clinical settings, there were commonalities and differences in the perceived barriers and facilitators to implementation. There was a significant correlation between self-reported uptake of all of the aphasia rehabilitation r...

Aguilar Santamaria, J, Valverde Merino, MI, Cardenas, VG, Peiro Zorrilla, T, Varas Doval, R & Benrimoj, SI 1970, 'Evaluation and implementation of an adherence management service for patients with chronic conditions in a community pharmacy setting', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY, SPRINGER, pp. 500-500.

Amador-Fernandez, N, Garcia-Cardenas, V, Javier Baixauli-Fernandez, V, Colomer-Molina, V, Isaac Benrimoj, S & Martinez-Martinez, F 1970, 'Pilot Study of a Minor Ailment Service in Community Pharmacy in the province of Valencia; INDICA plus PRO', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY, SPRINGER, pp. 503-503.

Berle, D & Steel, Z 1970, 'Perceived injustice, anger and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Opportunities for improved treatments', Australian Military Medical Association conference, Canberra.

Berle, D, Starcevic, V, Hilbrink, D, McMullan, R & Steel, Z 1970, 'The relationship between perceived injustice, anger and PTSD: Implications for treatment', European Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies 48th Annual Congress, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Canning, J, Golzan, M & Ast, S 1970, 'The Photonics IoT and Health', Asia Pacific Opt. Sensors, Matsue Japan.

Carragher, M, Ryan, B, Worrall, L, Thomas, S, Rose, M, Simmons-Mackie, N, Togher, L, Power, E, Khan, A, Hoffman, T & Kneebone, I 1970, 'ASK (Action Success Knowledge), a psychosocial intervention to prevent depression in people with post stroke aphasia - treatment fidelity', CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES, KARGER, pp. 34-34.

Cayoun, B, Simmons, A & Shires, A 1970, 'Chronic Pain Reduction Following a Brief Self-Implemented Mindfulness-Based Interoceptive Exposure Task: a Pilot Study.', International Symposium for Contemplative Research 2018, Phoenix USA.

Courtney-Harris, M, Jolly, N, Rowe, FJ & Rose, KA 1970, 'Development of a screening tool to identify eye conditions in patients admitted to hospital for stroke', INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE, Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO), ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, HI, Honolulu.

Eickhoff, C, Mueller, U, Strunz, AK, Seidling, HM, Lampert, A, Botermann, L, Felberg, M, Breiholz, S, Klintworth, D & Schulz, M 1970, 'Acceptance and perceived benefit of a standardized medication plan generated in an interdisciplinary medication management service-the patients' perspective', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY, SPRINGER, pp. 214-215.

Fin, NASH, Sukkar, M & Golzan, M 1970, 'Receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) mediates retinal ganglion cell loss in experimental glaucoma', INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE, Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO), ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, Honolulu, HI.

Golzan, M & Georgevsky, D 1970, 'Effects of body posture on spontaneous retinal venous pulsatility', INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE, Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO), ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, HI, Honolulu.

Lucas, C, Power, T, Hayes, C, Williams, KA, Levett-Jones, T & Ferguson, C 1970, 'Development, implementation and evaluation of the RIPE model for interprofessional collaboration utilizing high fidelity manikins', Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Elsevier BV, pp. e29-e29.
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Lucas, C, Williams, KA, Tudball, J & Walpola, R 1970, 'Preceptor perceptions: Standardizing evaluation and feedback processes for experiential placements', Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Elsevier BV, pp. e39-e39.
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Mcalinden, K, Kota, A, Oliver, B, Haghi, M & Sharma, P 1970, 'Selective activation and targeting of autophagy in severe asthma', Airway pharmacology and treatment, ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts, European Respiratory Society, Paris, FRANCE.
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McAlinden, K, Oliver, B, Haghi, M & Sharma, P 1970, 'Autophagy Is Selectively Activated and Correlated with Airway Remodeling in Asthma', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society, AMER THORACIC SOC, San Diego, CA.
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Rationale: Asthma affects more than 330 million people worldwide and poses a huge economic burden on the healthcare system. Current anti-asthma therapies provide symptomatic relief but fail to target airway remodeling which drives disease progression and loss of lung function with time. Macroautophagy (autophagy) is a fundamental process that occurs in all eukaryotic cells and can be referred to as the cell recycling mechanism. Emerging evidence suggest that autophagy is dysregulated in asthma and can modulate pro-fibrotic signaling in asthma. Autophagy modulation may be a novel effective therapy for unmanageable asthma. The aim of this study was to explore the role of autophagy in asthma by investigating the interrelationship between autophagy markers and features of airway remodeling in large airways obtained from asthmatics (n=6) and non-asthmatics (n=8). Methods: Selected asthmatic tissue with hallmark features of airway remodeling (correlates with severe disease) and non-asthmatics were immuno-stained for autophagy markers; Beclin1, ATG5, and p62. The percent area of positive staining was quantified in the epithelium and airway smooth muscle (ASM) using ImageJ software. Features of airway remodeling were also measured in the large airways of patients using H&E and Masson’s Trichrome staining. Results: Asthmatic airways in comparison with non-asthmatic airways displayed greater epithelium (p<0.01), and reticular basement membrane thickness (p<0.0001) with greater lamina propria depth (p<0.0001), and increased ASM bundles (p<0.005). Overall they displayed hallmark features of airway remodeling. In the ASM bundles, expression of ATG5 was significantly higher (p<0.05), while there was a trend for increased expression of Beclin-1 (p=0.08) and reduced expression of p62 (p=0.18) in asthmatics when compared with non-asthmatics. We found no difference in the expression profile of autophagy markers in the epithelium of asthmatics vs non-asthmatics. Interestingly, in a...

Nasser, A 1970, 'Proximal hamstring tendinopathy: A systematic review of interventions', Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, Elsevier BV, pp. S96-S97.
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Palmer, S & Hemsley, B 1970, 'Analysis of three twitter hashtags for discussion of personal electronic health records', Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Social Media, ECSM 2018, 5th European Conference on Social Media (ECSM), ACAD CONFERENCES LTD, Limerick Inst Technol, Limerick, IRELAND, pp. 236-245.
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Electronic health records (EHRs) are an important e-health technology and have the potential to greatly improve the efficiency and quality of health services. However, the implementation of EHRs has had mixed success internationally. Increasingly, governments, health service providers and the public are turning to social networking systems (SNSs) for communicating about EHRs. Social media, including Twitter (twitter.com), have also been used in relation to EHR implementation. Thus, Twitter provides a useful case example for an exploration of the ways that SNSs are being used to communicate information about EHRs. The Australian personally controlled electronic health record, My Health Record (MyHR), is a repository of summary health information about patients which is stored online, and which patients can choose to share with their health providers. In this paper, an investigation of the representation of Australia's MyHR on Twitter via a data set of 6191 tweets associated with three specific hashtags related to the EHR and reflecting its official names since 2012 (i.e., #PCEHR, #MyHealthRecord and #MyHR) is reported. Time sequence analysis, text analytics and network visualisation were employed to characterise the Twitter activity and content, and to identify influential users and their relationships. The text content of tweets using these hashtags spanned positive/supportive, neutral/factual and negative/opposing themes regarding EHRs. Text visualisation highlighted six accounts that were active and also mentioned frequently in tweets. In particular, three of these accounts were always ranked in the top ten on several measures of activity and interactivity, so could be considered highly influential. Network visualisation of the connections between accounts, represented by tweets from senders to those mentioned, revealed associations between some prominent accounts and their publicly-stated stance on EHRs. This information could be used to inform futur...

Rezaeian, M, Georgevsky, D, Golzan, M, Graham, S, Avolio, A & Butlin, M 1970, 'Novel retinal artery pulse transit time measurement shows expected blood pressure dependency in rodents', ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, WILEY, pp. 105-105.

Rezaeian, M, Schulz, A, Leloup, A, Abbasi, M, Golzan, M, Graham, SL & Butlin, M 1970, 'Arterial Stiffness and Pulse Wave Velocity Quantification in Bovine Retinal Arteries', INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE, Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO), ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, HI, Honolulu.

Said, A, Goebel, R, Ganso, M, Zagermann-Muncke, P & Schulz, M 1970, 'Drug shortages may compromise patient safety: Results of a survey of the reference pharmacies of the drug commission of German pharmacists', PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, WILEY, pp. 255-256.

Shariflou, S, Rose, K, Agar, A & Golzan, M 1970, 'Amplitudes of spontaneous venous pulsations are associated with retinal ganglion cell count estimates in glaucoma', Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.

Shariflou, S, Rose, KA, Agar, A & Golzan, M 1970, 'Amplitudes of spontaneous venous pulsations are associated with retinal ganglion cell count estimates in glaucoma', INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE, Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO), ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, Honolulu, HI.

Shires, A & Neukirch, N 1970, 'Yoga for PTSD and the Role of Interoceptive Awareness:', International Child Trauma conference, Melbourne Australia.

Shires, AG 1970, ': A comparison of the efficacy of mindfulness-based interoceptive exposure and distraction in the management of chronic pain', Internatinal Mindfulness conference, Amsterdam.

Shires, AG 1970, 'Introducation to Mindfulness for ADHD', Australian ADHD Professionals Association 2nd Annual Conference, Novotel Sydney.

Shires, AG, Cayoun, B, Franics, S & Grabovac, A 1970, 'Symposium title: Mindfulness-integrated Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: A Transdiagnostic Approach and its Benefits in Addressing Crisis and Chronicity, and Preventing relapse', International conference on mindfulneess, Amsterdam.

Strunz, AK, Mueller, U, Eickhoff, C, Seidling, HM, Lampert, A, Felberg, M, Breiholz, S, Klintworth, D & Schulz, M 1970, 'Project PRIMA-implementation of the German National Medication Plan from community pharmacists' and physicians' perspective', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY, SPRINGER, pp. 205-206.

Tonin, FS, Wiecek, E, Torres-Robles, A, Pontarolo, R, Benrimoj, SI, García-Cardenas, V & Fernandez-Llimos, F 1970, 'PMU79 - THE USE OF NETWORK META-ANALYSIS TO COMPARE DIFFERENT MEASURES OF MEDICATION ADHERENCE', Value in Health, Elsevier BV, pp. S321-S321.
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Turbitt, E, D'Amanda, C, Peay, H & Biesecker, B 1970, 'PARENT DECISION MAKING IN CLINICAL DRUG TRIALS', ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE, OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, pp. S664-S664.

Turbitt, E, Roberts, MC, Ferrer, R, Taber, JM, Lewis, K, Biesecker, B & Klein, W 1970, 'COUPLES' INTENTIONS TO SHARE EXOME SEQUENCING RESULTS WITH FAMILY', ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE, OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, pp. S34-S34.

Turbitt, E, Roberts, MC, Wu, YP, Rini, C & Hay, JL 1970, 'PARENT PERSPECTIVES ON HEALTHCARE DECISIONS AND HEALTH BEHAVIORS', ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE, OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, pp. S664-S664.

van der Meer, H, Wouters, H, Teichert, M, Griens, F, Pont, L & Taxis, K 1970, 'Latent class analysis of anticholinergic and sedative medication use: A national population study', PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, WILEY, pp. 355-356.

van der Meer, H, Wouters, H, Teichert, M, Griens, F, van de Steeg, C, Pavlovic, J, Pont, L & Taxis, K 1970, 'Prescriber agreement with pharmacists' recommendations to reduce anticholinergic/sedative load', PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, WILEY, pp. 505-506.

van der Meer, H, Wouters, H, Teichert, M, Griens, F, van de Steeg, C, Pavlovic, J, Pont, L & Taxis, K 1970, 'Preventing a rise in anticholinergic and sedative medication load: Feasibility of an innovative pharmacist-led intervention', PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, WILEY, pp. 505-505.

French, AN, Goodall, A, Furby, B, Haywood, P, Ryan, R & Rose, K 2018, Evaluation of the Statewide Eyesight Preschooler Screening (StEPS) Program Final Report, Australia.

Goodall, A, French, AN, Furby, B, Ryan, R & Rose, K 2018, Evaluation of the Statewide Eyesight Preschooler Screening (StEPS) Program Interim Report, Australia.

Clunne, SJ, Ryan, BJ, Hill, AJ, Brandenburg, C & Kneebone, I 2018, 'Accessibility and Applicability of Currently Available e-Mental Health Programs for Depression for People With Poststroke Aphasia: Scoping Review (Preprint)', JMIR Publications Inc., JMIR Publications Inc..
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Depression affects approximately 60% of people with aphasia 1 year post stroke and is associated with disability, lower quality of life, and mortality. Web-delivered mental health (e-mental health) programs are effective, convenient, and cost-effective for the general population and thus are increasingly used in the management of depression. However, it is unknown if such services are applicable and communicatively accessible to people with poststroke aphasia.

The aim of this study was to identify freely available e-mental health programs for depression and determine their applicability and accessibility for people with poststroke aphasia.

A Web-based search was conducted to identify and review freely available e-mental health programs for depression. These programs were then evaluated in terms of their (1) general features via a general evaluation tool, (2) communicative accessibility for people with aphasia via an aphasia-specific communicative accessibility evaluation tool, and (3) empirical evidence for the general population and stroke survivors with and without aphasia. The program that met the most general evaluation criteria and aphasia-specific communicative accessibility evaluation criteria was then trialed by a small subgroup of people with poststroke aphasia.

A total of 8 programs were identified. Of these, 4 had published evidence in support of their efficacy for use within the general population. However, no empirical evidence was identified that specifically supported any...

Cortesi, F, Cheney, KM, Cooke, GM & Ord, T 2018, 'Opsin gene evolution in amphibious and terrestrial combtooth blennies (Blenniidae)', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Davidson, MJ, Alais, D, Tsuchiya, N & van Boxtel, JJA 2018, 'Attention periodically samples competing stimuli during binocular rivalry', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Davidson, MJ, Graafsma, I, Tsuchiya, N & van Boxtel, J 2018, 'Measuring graded changes in consciousness through multi-target filling-in', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Gordon, N, Tsuchiya, N, Koenig-Robert, R & Hohwy, J 2018, 'Expectation and attention increase the integration of top-down and bottom-up signals in perception through different pathways', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Heathcote, LC, Pate, JW, Park, AL, Leake, HB, Moseley, GL, Kronman, CA, Fischer, M, Timmers, I & Simons, LE 2018, 'Pain neuroscience education on YouTube: a systematic review', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Kwok, EL, Leys, G, Koenig-Robert, R & Pearson, J 2018, 'Thought Control Failure: Sensory Determinants and Functional Effects', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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McCall, HC, Helgadottir, FD, Menzies, RG, Hadjistavropoulos, HD & Chen, FS 2018, 'Evaluating a Web-Based Social Anxiety Intervention Among Community Users: Analysis of Real-World Data (Preprint)', JMIR Publications Inc..
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Neukirch, N, Reid, S & Shires, A 2018, 'Yoga for PTSD and the role of interoceptive awareness: A preliminary mixed-methods case series study'.
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International Childhood Trauma Conference.

Quel De Oliveira, C 2018, 'Activity-based therapy after SCI: Participants’ perceptions and experiences.'.
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Perceived effects, life context, experiences and feelings of people with SCI who participated in a community-based multimodal ABT exercise program using a qualitative research methodology.

Shires, AG 2018, 'A comparison of the efficacy of mindfulness-based interoceptive exposure and distraction in the management of chronic pain'.
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lnternational Mindfulness conference. Amsterdam

Shires, AG 2018, 'Introduction to MiCBT and the MIET:The Development and Application of Equanimity.'.
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Shires, A. Introduction to MiCBT and the MIET:The Development and Application of Equanimity. The Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Boston.

Shires, AG 2018, 'Mindfulness and ADHD.'.
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2nd Annual Conference Australian ADHD Professionals Association Sydney Australia.

Stubbs, P 2018, 'Qualitative Research: More than just anecdote'.

Verhagen, A, Bouter, L, Wiegman, N, de Vet, HCW, Ioannidis, J & Croft, P 2018, 'Verdi-paper'.
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Background. To describe and compare love-related mortality in German and Italian operas of the 19th century, as operas are perfectly suited as a setting to study the relationship between love and premature death.Method. This is a historic cohort study of named characters in the 19th century operas by Italian and German composers included in a modern reference work. Follow-up lasted from the start of the opera until the final curtain. We calculated overall and cause-specific (e.g. love, violence) mortality, and proportional mortality ratios.Results: Among 76 eligible operas (23 German and 53 Italian) with 614 named characters, we recorded 118 deaths. The risk of dying young in opera is substantial, accounting for 94 of the 118 deaths. Violence was the main direct cause of death (62.7%) and love the main indirect cause (39.8%). The risk of dying of love was almost twice as high in Italian operas compared to German ones (46.8% versus 26.8%). Women experienced an almost double risk of dying of love compared to men (54.8% versus 31.6%).Discussion: This is the first empirical study on the contribution of passionate love to premature mortality. Its novelty lies in the use of opera as a source of epidemiological data. Our findings support the hypothesis that Italians are more passionate than Germans, resulting in proportionately more young people dying because of love in Italian operas. These findings provide further evidence for a link between emotion and mortality.