Publications

Lawless, MA & Hodge, C 2013, 'Global Implications of Refractive Laser Assisted Cataract Surgery (ReLACS)' in Textbook of Refractive Laser Assisted Cataract Surgery (ReLACS), Springer New York, pp. 189-198.
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Afsari, S, Rose, KA, Gole, GA, Philip, K, Leone, JF, French, A & Mitchell, P 2013, 'Prevalence of anisometropia and its association with refractive error and amblyopia in preschool children', BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, vol. 97, no. 9, pp. 1095-1099.
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AIM: To determine the age and ethnicity-specific prevalence of anisometropia in Australian preschool-aged children and to assess in this population-based study the risk of anisometropia with increasing ametropia levels and risk of amblyopia with increasing anisometropia. METHODS: A total 2090 children (aged 6-72 months) completed detailed eye examinations in the Sydney Paediatric Eye Disease Study, including cycloplegic refraction, and were included. Refraction was measured using a Canon RK-F1 autorefractor, streak retinoscopy and/or the Retinomax K-Plus 2 autorefractor. Anisometropia was defined by the spherical equivalent (SE) difference, and plus cylinder difference for any cylindrical axis between eyes. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of SE and cylindrical anisometropia ≥1.0 D were 2.7% and 3.0%, for the overall sample and in children of European-Caucasian ethnicity, 3.2%, 1.9%; East-Asian 1.7%, 5.2%; South-Asian 2.5%, 3.6%; Middle-Eastern ethnicities 2.2%, 3.3%, respectively. Anisometropia prevalence was lower or similar to that in the Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study, Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study and the Strabismus, Amblyopia and Refractive error in Singapore study. Risk (OR) of anisometropic amblyopia with ≥1.0 D of SE and cylindrical anisometropia was 12.4 (CI 4.0 to 38.4) and 6.5 (CI 2.3 to 18.7), respectively. We found an increasing risk of anisometropia with higher myopia ≥-1.0 D, OR 61.6 (CI 21.3 to 308), hyperopia > +2.0 D, OR 13.6 (CI 2.9 to 63.6) and astigmatism ≥1.5 D, OR 30.0 (CI 14.5 to 58.1). CONCLUSIONS: In this preschool-age population-based sample, anisometropia was uncommon with inter-ethnic differences in cylindrical anisometropia prevalence. We also quantified the rising risk of amblyopia with increasing SE and cylindrical anisometropia, and present the specific levels of refractive error and associated increasing risk of anisometropia.

Bailey, PE, Ruffman, T & Rendell, PG 2013, 'Age-Related Differences in Social Economic Decision Making: The Ultimatum Game', The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 356-363.
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Ball, P & Pont, L 2013, 'Keep taking the tablets', Australian Journal of Pharmacy, vol. 94, no. 1113, p. 26.

Berle, D & Moulds, ML 2013, 'An experimental investigation of emotional reasoning processes in depression', British Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 316-329.
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ObjectivesCognitive models of depression emphasize how distorted thoughts and interpretations contribute to low mood. Emotional reasoning is considered to be one such interpretative style. We used an experimental procedure to determine whether elevated levels of emotional reasoning characterize depression.MethodsParticipants who were currently experiencing a major depressive episode (n = 27) were compared with those who were non‐depressed (n = 25 who had never been depressed and n = 26 previously but not currently depressed) on an emotional reasoning task.ResultsAlthough there were some trends for depressed participants to show greater levels of emotional reasoning relative to non‐depressed participants, none of these differences attained significance. Interestingly, previously depressed participants engaged in more non‐self‐referent emotional reasoning than never‐depressed participants.ConclusionsEmotional reasoning does not appear to characterize mild to moderate levels of depression. The lack of significant differences in emotional reasoning between currently depressed and non‐depressed participants may have been a consequence of the fact that participants in our currently depressed group were, for the most part, only mildly depressed. Non‐self‐referent emotional reasoning may nevertheless be a risk factor for subsequent depressive episodes, or else serve as a ‘cognitive scar’ from previous episodes.Practitioner pointsClinical ImplicationsIn contrast with the predic...

Berle, D & Moulds, ML 2013, 'Emotional Reasoning Processes and Dysphoric Mood: Cross-Sectional and Prospective Relationships', PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. e67359-e67359.
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Bohn-Goldbaum, EE, Phongsavan, P, Merom, D, Rogers, K, Kamalesh, V & Bauman, AE 2013, 'Does Playground Improvement Increase Physical Activity among Children? A Quasi-Experimental Study of a Natural Experiment', Journal of Environmental and Public Health, vol. 2013, pp. 1-9.
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Outdoor recreational spaces have the potential to increase physical activity. This study used a quasi-experimental evaluation design to determine how a playground renovation impacts usage and physical activity of children and whether the visitations correlate with children’s physical activity levels and parental impressions of the playground. Observational data and intercept interviews were collected simultaneously on park use and park-based activity among playground visitors at pre- and postrenovation at an intervention and a comparison park during three 2-hour periods each day over two weeks. No detectable difference in use between parks was observed at followup. In the intervention park, attendance increased among boys, but decreased among girls although this (nonsignificant) decline was less marked than in the comparison park. Following renovation, there was no detectable difference between parks in the number of children engaged in MVPA (interaction between park and time:P=0.73). At the intervention park, there was a significant decline in girls engaging in MVPA at followup (P=0.04). Usage was correlated with parental/carer perceptions of playground features but not with physical activity levels. Renovations have limited the potential to increase physical activity until factors influencing usage and physical activity behavior are better understood.

Brakoulias, V, Starcevic, V, Berle, D, Milicevic, D, Moses, K, Hannan, A, Sammut, P & Martin, A 2013, 'The characteristics of unacceptable/taboo thoughts in obsessive–compulsive disorder', Comprehensive Psychiatry, vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 750-757.
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Background In the quest to unravel the heterogeneity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), an increasing number of factor analytic studies are recognising unacceptable/taboo thoughts as one of the symptom dimensions of OCD. Aims This study aims to examine the characteristics associated with unacceptable/taboo thoughts. Methods Using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Symptom Checklist (YBOCS-SC) with 154 individuals with OCD, obsessive-compulsive symptoms were subjected to principal components analysis. The characteristics associated with the resulting symptom dimensions were then assessed using logistic and linear regression techniques. Results Unacceptable/taboo thoughts comprised of sexual, religious and impulsive aggressive obsessions, and mental rituals. Higher scores on an unacceptable/taboo thoughts symptom dimension were predicted by higher Y-BOCS obsession subscores, Y-BOCS time preoccupied by obsessions scores, Y-BOCS distress due to obsessions scores, importance of control of thought ratings, male gender, and having had treatment prior to entering into the study. Unacceptable/taboo thoughts were also predicted by greater levels of hostility, and a past history of non-alcohol substance dependence. Conclusions An unacceptable/taboo thought symptom dimension of OCD is supported by a unique set of associated characteristics that should be considered in the assessment and treatment of individuals with these symptoms.

Brakoulias, V, Starcevic, V, Berle, D, Milicevic, D, Moses, K, Hannan, A, Sammut, P & Martin, A 2013, 'The use of psychotropic agents for the symptoms of obsessive–compulsive disorder', Australasian Psychiatry, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 117-121.
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Objective:To describe the use of psychotropic agents in a sample of subjects with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and in particular the differences associated with different OCD symptoms.Method:A total of 154 subjects participated in a study assessing OCD symptom subtypes, called the Nepean OCD Study. In addition to a comprehensive evaluation of the subjects’ OCD symptoms using the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Vancouver Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory (VOCI), and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), the subjects’ medication history was recorded. The association between symptom severity, disability, OCD symptom subtypes and the use of psychotropic agents was examined.Results:Psychotropic medication was taken by 93 (60.4%) participants. In the majority of cases ( n=55, 59.1%), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were taken, and of the SSRIs, the most commonly used agent was escitalopram ( n=21, 22.6%). Psychotropic agents were more likely to be taken by subjects with higher Y-BOCS and SDS scores. Hoarding was associated with a lower likelihood of psychotropic use, whereas unacceptable/taboo thoughts were associated with an increased likelihood of psychotropic and antipsychotic use.Conclusion:Patients with OCD are more likely to be taking psychotropic agents if they have a more severe illness, greater disability and more prominent unacceptable/taboo thoughts.

Brakoulias, V, Starcevic, V, Berle, D, Sammut, P, Milicevic, D, Moses, K, Hannan, A & Martin, A 2013, 'Further Support for Five Dimensions of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms', Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, vol. 201, no. 6, pp. 452-459.
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Attempts to explain the phenotypic heterogeneity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have resulted in three to six OCD symptom dimensions. This study aimed to clarify the nature of these symptom dimensions using a self-report instrument (Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory [VOCI]) in addition to the clinician-rated Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale-Symptom Checklist (YBOCS-SC). Participants (N = 154) were recruited to a study designed to specifically assess OCD symptom dimensions. Symptoms assessed via the YBOCS-SC and the VOCI were subjected to principal components analysis (PCA). Linear regression was used to assess therelationship between the YBOCS-SC-derived symptom dimensions and the VOCI symptom subscales. PCA of the YBOCS-SC and the VOCI revealed five OCD symptom dimensions that explained 68% and 60% of the variance, respectively. The results also supported a distinction between the doubt/checking symptom dimension and the unacceptable/taboo thoughts dimension that includes mental rituals. The YBOCS-SC-derived symptom components were predicted by their respective VOCI symptom subscale scores. Copyright © 2013 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Bryant, L, Spencer, E, Ferguson, A, Craig, H, Colyvas, K & Worrall, L 2013, 'Propositional Idea Density in aphasic discourse', Aphasiology, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 992-1009.
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Bushnell, CJ, Gonsalvez, CG, Blackman, R, Dean, F, Bliokas, V, Nicholson-Perry, K, Shires, AG, Nasstasia, Y, Allan, C & Knight, R 2013, 'Assessing ourselves: Is the assessment of performance in Clinical Psychology field placements due to biased raters or defective rating instruments', Journal of the New Zealand College of Clinical Psychologists, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 4-11.
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In common with the training for many health professions, there are serious weaknesses in normal practices for assessing the performance of clinical psychology students in field placements, and these are evident in the field placement data captured from five NSW postgraduate clinical psychology courses. Iterative improvements in assessment forms, including the introduction of electronic data capture, and a criterion-referenced basis for decisions about competence within a developmental framework applied to agreed domains were found to do little to reduce the evident leniency and halo bias in supervisor ratings. Whilst not totally devoid of value (the field placement ratings do show credible improvement between mid-placement and end-placement), the supervisors’ ratings of student performance at end of placement show uniform reluctance to describe a student as “unsatisfactory” or “needs development”. The implications of this finding are discussed with particular reference to patient safety and professional responsibility.

Couch, FJ, Wang, X, McGuffog, L, Lee, A, Olswold, C, Kuchenbaecker, KB, Soucy, P, Fredericksen, Z, Barrowdale, D, Dennis, J, Gaudet, MM, Dicks, E, Kosel, M, Healey, S, Sinilnikova, OM, Lee, A, Bacot, F, Vincent, D, Hogervorst, FBL, Peock, S, Stoppa-Lyonnet, D, Jakubowska, A, Investigators, K, Radice, P, Schmutzler, RK, Domchek, SM, Piedmonte, M, Singer, CF, Friedman, E, Thomassen, M, Hansen, TVO, Neuhausen, SL, Szabo, CI, Blanco, I, Greene, MH, Karlan, BY, Garber, J, Phelan, CM, Weitzel, JN, Montagna, M, Olah, E, Andrulis, IL, Godwin, AK, Yannoukakos, D, Goldgar, DE, Caldes, T, Nevanlinna, H, Osorio, A, Terry, MB, Daly, MB, van Rensburg, EJ, Hamann, U, Ramus, SJ, Ewart Toland, A, Caligo, MA, Olopade, OI, Tung, N, Claes, K, Beattie, MS, Southey, MC, Imyanitov, EN, Tischkowitz, M, Janavicius, R, John, EM, Kwong, A, Diez, O, Balmaña, J, Barkardottir, RB, Arun, BK, Rennert, G, Teo, S-H, Ganz, PA, Campbell, I, van der Hout, AH, van Deurzen, CHM, Seynaeve, C, Gómez Garcia, EB, van Leeuwen, FE, Meijers-Heijboer, HEJ, Gille, JJP, Ausems, MGEM, Blok, MJ, Ligtenberg, MJL, Rookus, MA, Devilee, P, Verhoef, S, van Os, TAM, Wijnen, JT, Frost, D, Ellis, S, Fineberg, E, Platte, R, Evans, DG, Izatt, L, Eeles, RA, Adlard, J, Eccles, DM, Cook, J, Brewer, C, Douglas, F, Hodgson, S, Morrison, PJ, Side, LE, Donaldson, A, Houghton, C, Rogers, MT, Dorkins, H, Eason, J, Gregory, H, McCann, E, Murray, A, Calender, A, Hardouin, A, Berthet, P, Delnatte, C, Nogues, C, Lasset, C, Houdayer, C, Leroux, D, Rouleau, E, Prieur, F, Damiola, F, Sobol, H, Coupier, I, Venat-Bouvet, L, Castera, L, Gauthier-Villars, M, Léoné, M, Pujol, P, Mazoyer, S, Bignon, Y-J, Złowocka-Perłowska, E, Gronwald, J, Lubinski, J, Durda, K, Jaworska, K, Huzarski, T, Spurdle, AB, Viel, A, Peissel, B, Bonanni, B, Melloni, G, Ottini, L, Papi, L, Varesco, L, Tibiletti, MG, Peterlongo, P, Volorio, S, Manoukian, S, Pensotti, V, Arnold, N, Engel, C, Deissler, H, Gadzicki, D, Gehrig, A, Kast, K, Rhiem, K, Meindl, A, Niederacher, D, Ditsch, N, Plendl, H, Preisler-Adams, S, Engert, S, Sutter, C, Varon-Mateeva, R, Wappenschmidt, B, Weber, BHF, Arver, B, Stenmark-Askmalm, M, Loman, N, Rosenquist, R, Einbeigi, Z, Nathanson, KL, Rebbeck, TR, Blank, SV, Cohn, DE, Rodriguez, GC, Small, L, Friedlander, M, Bae-Jump, VL, Fink-Retter, A, Rappaport, C, Gschwantler-Kaulich, D, Pfeiler, G, Tea, M-K & et al. 2013, 'Genome-Wide Association Study in BRCA1 Mutation Carriers Identifies Novel Loci Associated with Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk', PLoS Genetics, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. e1003212-e1003212.
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Czeche, S, Schüssel, K, Franzmann, A, Burkart, M & Schulz, M 2013, 'Dosage strength is associated with medication persistence with Ginkgo biloba drug products: a cohort study of ambulatory drug claims data in Germany', BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 13, no. 1.
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Abstract Background Ginkgo biloba drugs (Gb) are reimbursed within the German statutory health insurance (SHI) scheme for treatment of dementia. In 2008, a novel Gb product containing 240 mg Ginkgo extract EGb761® per tablet was introduced aiming to facilitate medication use by incorporating the recommended daily dose in one single tablet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between dosage strength and persistence in a representative population of patients treated with Gb. Methods Retrospective cohort study in ambulatory drug claims database within the German SHI system. Persistence was defined as continuous treatment with an allowable gap of 20% between refills. Multivariate regression models were conducted to identify variables associated with persistence. Results Among 13,810 patients initiating treatment with Gb in 2008, 430 (3.1%) received a dosage strength of 240 mg, 7,070 (51.2%) a dosage strength of 120 mg and 6,310 (45.7%) dosage strengths containing less than 120 mg Gb per tablet. After 6 months, persistence was highest for patients treated with the 240 mg dosage form (22.8% of patients), although persistence was low in general (5.7% and 0% of patients treated with 120 mg and less than 120 mg, respectively). Risk for non-persistence was reduced in patients receiving 240 mg products compared to 120 mg (HR = 0.63; 95%CI 0.57 – 0.70). Conclusions Patients initially treated with Gb 240 mg were more persistent compared to those receiving lower do...

Dear, BF, Titov, N, Perry, KN, Johnston, L, Wootton, BM, Terides, MD, Rapee, RM & Hudson, JL 2013, 'The Pain Course : A randomised controlled trial of a clinician-guided Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy program for managing chronic pain and emotional well-being', Pain, vol. 154, no. 6, pp. 942-950.
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Dua, K, Sheshala, R, Ying Ling, T, Hui Ling, S & Gorajana, A 2013, 'Anti-Inflammatory, Antibacterial and Analgesic Potential of Cocos Nucifera Linn.: A Review', Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 158-164.
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At present, approximately 25% of drugs in modern pharmacopoeia are derived from plant sources (phytomedicines) that can be developed for the treatment of diseases and disorders. Many other drugs are synthetic analogues built on the prototype compounds isolated from plants. Cocos nucifera Linn. (Arecaceae), which is commonly known as coconut, is a plant possessing a lot of potential as an ingredient in traditional medicines for the treatment of metabolic disorders and particularly as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and analgesic agent. This review emphasizes on the recent literature and research findings that highlight the significant biological activities of C. nucifera Linn. such as its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and analgesic properties. This review can help researchers keen on exploiting the therapeutic potential of C. nucifera Linn. which may motivate them to further explore their commercial viability. © 2013 Bentham Science Publishers.

French, AN, Ashby, RS, Morgan, IG & Rose, KA 2013, 'Time outdoors and the prevention of myopia', EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH, vol. 114, pp. 58-68.
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Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that children who spend more time outdoors are less likely to be, or to become myopic, irrespective of how much near work they do, or whether their parents are myopic. It is currently uncertain if time outdoors also blocks progression of myopia. It has been suggested that the mechanism of the protective effect of time outdoors involves light-stimulated release of dopamine from the retina, since increased dopamine release appears to inhibit increased axial elongation, which is the structural basis of myopia. This hypothesis has been supported by animal experiments which have replicated the protective effects of bright light against the development of myopia under laboratory conditions, and have shown that the effect is, at least in part, mediated by dopamine, since the D2-dopamine antagonist spiperone reduces the protective effect. There are some inconsistencies in the evidence, most notably the limited inhibition by bright light under laboratory conditions of lens-induced myopia in monkeys, but other proposed mechanisms possibly associated with time outdoors such as relaxed accommodation, more uniform dioptric space, increased pupil constriction, exposure to UV light, changes in the spectral composition of visible light, or increased physical activity have little epidemiological or experimental support. Irrespective of the mechanisms involved, clinical trials are now underway to reduce the development of myopia in children by increasing the amount of time they spend outdoors. These trials would benefit from more precise definition of thresholds for protection in terms of intensity and duration of light exposures. These can be investigated in animal experiments in appropriate models, and can also be determined in epidemiological studies, although more precise measurement of exposures than those currently provided by questionnaires is desirable. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

French, AN, Morgan, IG, Burlutsky, G, Mitchell, P & Rose, KA 2013, 'Prevalence and 5-to 6-Year Incidence and Progression of Myopia and Hyperopia in Australian Schoolchildren', OPHTHALMOLOGY, vol. 120, no. 7, pp. 1482-1491.
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Purpose: To determine the prevalence, incidence, and change in refractive errors for Australian schoolchildren and examine the impact of ethnicity and sex. Design: Population-based cohort study. Participants: The Sydney Adolescent Vascular and Eye Study, a 5- to 6-year follow-up of the Sydney Myopia Study, examined 2760 children in 2 age cohorts, 12 and 17 years. Longitudinal data were available for 870 and 1202 children in the younger and older cohorts, respectively. Methods: Children completed a comprehensive examination, including cycloplegic autorefraction (cyclopentolate 1%; Canon RK-F1). Myopia was defined as ≤-0.50 diopters (D) and hyperopia as ≥+2.00 D right eye spherical equivalent refraction. Main Outcome Measures: Baseline and follow-up refraction. Results: Prevalence of myopia increased between baseline and follow-up for both the younger (1.4%-14.4%; P<0.0001) and older cohorts (13.0%-29.6%; P<0.0001). The annual incidence of myopia was 2.2% in the younger cohort and 4.1% in the older. Children of East Asian ethnicity had a higher annual incidence of myopia (younger 6.9%, older 7.3%) than European Caucasian children (younger 1.3%, older 2.9%; all P<0.0001). The prevalence of myopia in European Caucasian children almost doubled between the older (4.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0-5.8) and younger samples (8.6%; 95% CI, 6.7-10.6) when both were aged 12 years. Children with ametropia at baseline were more likely to have a significant shift in refraction (hyperopia: odds ratio [OR], 3.4 [95% CI, 1.2-9.8]; myopia: OR, 6.3 [95% CI, 3.7-10.8]) compared with children with no refractive error. There was no significant difference in myopia progression between children of European Caucasian and East Asian ethnicity (P = 0.7). Conclusions: In Sydney, myopia prevalence (14.4%, 29.6%) and incidence (2.2%, 4.1%) was low for both age cohorts, compared with other locations. However, in European Caucasian children at age 12, the significantly higher pre...

French, AN, Morgan, IG, Mitchell, P & Rose, KA 2013, 'Patterns of myopigenic activities with age, gender and ethnicity in Sydney schoolchildren', OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 318-328.
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Purpose: To examine the patterns of myopigenic activity (high near work, low time outdoors) in children growing up in Sydney, Australia, by age, ethnicity and gender. Methods: The Sydney Adolescent Vascular and Eye Study (SAVES) re-examined children from the two age cohorts (6 and 12 years at baseline) from the Sydney Myopia Study (SMS). At 5-6 year follow-up, 863 in the younger cohort and 1196 in the older cohort had complete refraction data. Cycloplegic autorefraction (cyclopentolate 1%; Canon RK-F1) was measured at baseline and follow-up. Children who became myopic (≤-0.50 dioptres spherical equivalent refraction) were those classified as non-myopic at baseline and myopic at follow-up. A detailed questionnaire was administered to measure weekly activities, including time spent outdoors and near work at both baseline and follow-up examination. Results: Overall, 128 (14.8%) children in the younger cohort and 210 (17.6%) in the older cohort became myopic. At follow-up, for both cohorts, children had significantly reduced the amount of time spent outdoors (younger cohort, p = 0.001, older cohort, p < 0.0001) and increased near work time (younger cohort, p < 0.0001, older cohort, p = 0.006). Children of East Asian ethnicity spent significantly less time outdoors by more than 7 h per week (both cohorts at baseline and follow-up, all p < 0.0001) and more time in near work activities by close to 3 h compared to European Caucasian children at all ages examined (both cohorts at baseline and follow-up all, p < 0.03). The average pattern of activity for girls differed from that of boys in a similar way (both cohorts at baseline and follow-up all, p < 0.0001). The two independent samples of 12 year-old children provided by follow-up in the younger cohort and baseline in the older cohort gave very similar answers to the questionnaire, with significant differences only evident for computer use (p = 0.001) and books read (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Answers to the act...

French, AN, Morgan, IG, Mitchell, P & Rose, KA 2013, 'Risk Factors for Incident Myopia in Australian Schoolchildren The Sydney Adolescent Vascular and Eye Study', OPHTHALMOLOGY, vol. 120, no. 10, pp. 2100-2108.
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Purpose: To examine the risk factors for incident myopia in Australian schoolchildren. Design: Population-based, longitudinal cohort study. Participants: The Sydney Adolescent Vascular and Eye Study (SAVES) was a 5- to 6-year follow-up of the Sydney Myopia Study (SMS). At follow-up, 2103 children were reexamined: 892 (50.5%) from the younger cohort and 1211 (51.5%) from the older cohort. Of these, 863 in the younger cohort and 1196 in the older cohort had complete refraction data. Methods: Cycloplegic autorefraction (cyclopentolate 1%; Canon RK-F1; Canon, Tokyo, Japan) was measured at baseline and follow-up. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent refraction of ≤-0.50 diopters (D). Children were classified as having incident myopia if they were nonmyopic at baseline and myopic in either eye at follow-up. A comprehensive questionnaire determined the amount of time children spent outdoors and doing near work per week at baseline, as well as ethnicity, parental myopia, and socioeconomic status. Main Outcome Measures: Incident myopia. Results: Children who became myopic spent less time outdoors compared with children who remained nonmyopic (younger cohort, 16.3 vs. 21.0 hours, respectively, P < 0.0001; older cohort, 17.2 vs. 19.6 hours, respectively, P=0.001). Children who became myopic performed significantly more near work (19.4 vs. 17.6 hours; P=0.02) in the younger cohort, but not in the older cohort (P=0.06). Children with 1 or 2 parents who were myopic had greater odds of incident myopia (1 parent: odds ratio [OR], 3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-5.2; both parents: OR, 3.3, 95% CI, 1.6-6.8) in the younger but not the older cohort. Children of East Asian ethnicity had a higher incidence of myopia compared with children of European Caucasian ethnicity (both P < 0.0001) and spent less time outdoors (both P < 0.0001). A less hyperopic refraction at baseline was the most significant predictor of incident myopia. The addition of time outdoors, n...

Garcia-Cardenas, V, Sabater-Hernandez, D, Kenny, P, Martinez-Martinez, F, Jose Faus, M & Benrimoj, SI 2013, 'Effect of a pharmacist intervention on asthma control. A cluster randomised trial', RESPIRATORY MEDICINE, vol. 107, no. 9, pp. 1346-1355.
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Introduction Achievement and maintenance of good asthma control is a major objective in asthma management. However, asthma control in many patients is suboptimal, due to improper use of asthma medications and non-adherence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a pharmacist intervention on asthma control in adult patients. Methods A 6-month cluster randomized controlled trial was undertaken with allocation of community pharmacies to intervention or control group. Adult asthma patients in the intervention group received a protocol-based intervention addressing individual needs related to asthma control, inhaler technique and medication adherence. Patients in the control group received usual care. Main variables were measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Results 336 patients completed the study, 150 in the control group and 186 in the intervention group. The intervention resulted in enhanced asthma control: Patients receiving the intervention had an Odds ratio of 3.06 (95% CI:1.63-5.73; p < 0.001) of having controlled asthma six months later. In the intervention group mean ACQ scores significantly improved [0.66 points (SD: 0.78); p < 0.001] and the number of controlled asthma patients increased by 30.1% (p < 0.001) after 6 months. The intervention also resulted in improved medication adherence (by 40.3%, p < 0.001) and inhaler technique (by 56.2%, p < 0.001). No significant changes for any of these variables were observed in the control group. Conclusion The AFasma study focused on the important outcomes of asthma management, and showed that through the designed intervention, community pharmacists can increase controlled asthma patients compared to usual care. Trial registration NCT01085474. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gaudet, MM, Kuchenbaecker, KB, Vijai, J, Klein, RJ, Kirchhoff, T, McGuffog, L, Barrowdale, D, Dunning, AM, Lee, A, Dennis, J, Healey, S, Dicks, E, Soucy, P, Sinilnikova, OM, Pankratz, VS, Wang, X, Eldridge, RC, Tessier, DC, Vincent, D, Bacot, F, Hogervorst, FBL, Peock, S, Stoppa-Lyonnet, D, Peterlongo, P, Schmutzler, RK, Nathanson, KL, Piedmonte, M, Singer, CF, Thomassen, M, Hansen, TVO, Neuhausen, SL, Blanco, I, Greene, MH, Garber, J, Weitzel, JN, Andrulis, IL, Goldgar, DE, D'Andrea, E, Caldes, T, Nevanlinna, H, Osorio, A, van Rensburg, EJ, Arason, A, Rennert, G, van den Ouweland, AMW, van der Hout, AH, Kets, CM, Aalfs, CM, Wijnen, JT, Ausems, MGEM, Frost, D, Ellis, S, Fineberg, E, Platte, R, Evans, DG, Jacobs, C, Adlard, J, Tischkowitz, M, Porteous, ME, Damiola, F, Golmard, L, Barjhoux, L, Longy, M, Belotti, M, Ferrer, SF, Mazoyer, S, Spurdle, AB, Manoukian, S, Barile, M, Genuardi, M, Arnold, N, Meindl, A, Sutter, C, Wappenschmidt, B, Domchek, SM, Pfeiler, G, Friedman, E, Jensen, UB, Robson, M, Shah, S, Lazaro, C, Mai, PL, Benitez, J, Southey, MC, Schmidt, MK, Fasching, PA, Peto, J, Humphreys, MK, Wang, Q, Michailidou, K, Sawyer, EJ, Burwinkel, B, Guénel, P, Bojesen, SE, Milne, RL, Brenner, H, Lochmann, M, Aittomäki, K, Dörk, T, Margolin, S, Mannermaa, A, Lambrechts, D, Chang-Claude, J, Radice, P, Giles, GG, Haiman, CA, Winqvist, R, Devillee, P, García-Closas, M, Schoof, N, Hooning, MJ, Cox, A, Pharoah, PDP, Jakubowska, A, Orr, N, González-Neira, A, Pita, G, Alonso, MR, Hall, P, Couch, FJ, Simard, J, Altshuler, D, Easton, DF, Chenevix-Trench, G, Antoniou, AC & Offit, K 2013, 'Identification of a BRCA2-Specific Modifier Locus at 6p24 Related to Breast Cancer Risk', PLoS Genetics, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. e1003173-e1003173.
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Gnjidic, D, Le Couteur, DG, Blyth, FM, Travison, T, Rogers, K, Naganathan, V, Cumming, RG, Waite, L, Seibel, MJ, Handelsman, DJ, McLachlan, AJ & Hilmer, SN 2013, 'Statin use and clinical outcomes in older men: a prospective population-based study', BMJ Open, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. e002333-e002333.
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Objective: The aim of this analysis was to investigate the relationship of statins with institutionalisation and death in older men living in the community, accounting for frailty. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Community-dwelling men participating in the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project, Sydney, Australia. Participants: Men aged =70 years (n=1665). Measurements: Data collected during baseline assessments and follow-up (maximum of 6.79 years) were obtained. Information regarding statin use was captured at baseline, between 2005 and 2007. Proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted to estimate the risk of institutionalisation and death according to statin use (exposure, duration and dose) and frailty status, with adjustment for sociodemographics, medical diagnosis and other clinically relevant factors. A secondary analysis used propensity score matching to replicate covariate adjustment in regression models. Results: At baseline, 43% of participants reported taking statins. Over 6.79 years of follow-up, 132 (7.9%) participants were institutionalised and 358 (21.5%) participants had died. In the adjusted models, baseline statin use was not statistically associated with increased risk of institutionalisation (HR=1.60; 95% CI 0.98 to 2.63) or death (HR=0.88; 95% CI 0.66 to 1.18). There was no significant association between duration and dose of statins used with either outcome. Propensity scoring yielded similar findings. Compared with non-frail participants not prescribed statins, the adjusted HR for institutionalisation for non-frail participants prescribed statins was 1.43 (95% CI 0.81 to 2.51); for frail participants not prescribed statins, it was 2.07 (95% CI 1.11 to 3.86) and for frail participants prescribed statins, it was 4.34 (95% CI 2.02 to 9.33). Conclusions: These data suggest a lack of significant association between statin use and institutionalisation or death in older men. These findings call for real-world trials specif...

Gonsalvez, CJ, Bushnell, J, Blackman, R, Deane, F, Bliokas, V, Nicholson-Perry, K, Shires, A, Nasstasia, Y, Allan, C & Knight, R 2013, 'Assessment of Psychology Competencies in Field Placements: Standardized Vignettes Reduce Rater Bias', TRAINING AND EDUCATION IN PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 99-111.
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Supervisors' ratings of psychology trainees' competence in field settings are a critical component of training assessment. There has been little systematic research regarding the validity of these assessments, but the available evidence suggests we have a problem! Supervisors' judgments may be affected by systemic biases that pose a serious threat to assessment credibility. The current study is part of a research collaboration among six universities that endeavors to develop and evaluate a new method-the use of vignettes-against outcomes derived from a conventional rating scale. Individual vignettes were designed and subjected to a rigorous process of peer-review and revisions, before final vignettes were assigned calibration scores by a group of experts. A catalogue of vignettes (n = 41) that represent various domains of competence across several developmental stages was compiled. University and field super-visors used the conventional rating scale and the vignette-matching procedure (VMP) to evaluate competencies at end-placement. Data from a pilot (n = 20) and a follow-up study (n = 57) suggest that compared with a conventional rating scale, the VMP reduced leniency and halo biases. The VMP has the potential to improve outcomes of competency assessments in field placements and merits further research and development. © eat to assessment credibility. The current study is part of a research collaboration among six universities that endeavors to develop and evaluate a new method-the use of vignettes-against outcomes derived from a conventional rating scale. Individual vignettes were designed and subjected to a rigorous process of peer2013 American Psychological Association.

Gross, AR, Kaplan, F, Huang, S, Khan, M, Santaguida, PL, Carlesso, LC, MacDermid, JC, Walton, DM, Kenardy, J, Söderlund, A, Verhagen, A & Hartvigsen, J 2013, 'Psychological Care, Patient Education, Orthotics, Ergonomics and Prevention Strategies for Neck Pain: An Systematic Overview Update as Part of the ICON§ Project', The Open Orthopaedics Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 530-561.
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Objectives:To conduct an overview on psychological interventions, orthoses, patient education, ergonomics, and 1⁰/2⁰ neck pain prevention for adults with acute-chronic neck pain.Search Strategy:Computerized databases and grey literature were searched (2006-2012).Selection Criteria:Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on pain, function/disability, global perceived effect, quality-of-life and patient satisfaction were retrieved.Data Collection &amp; Analysis:Two independent authors selected articles, assessed risk of bias using AMSTAR tool and extracted data. The GRADE tool was used to evaluate the body of evidence and an external panel to provide critical review.Main Results:We retrieved 30 reviews (5-9 AMSTAR score) reporting on 75 RCTs with the following moderate GRADE evidence. For acute whiplash associated disorder (WAD), an education video in emergency rooms (1RCT, 405participants] favoured pain reduction at long-term follow-up thus helping 1 in 23 people [Standard Mean Difference: -0.44(95%CI: -0.66 to -0.23)). Use of a soft collar (2RCTs, 1278participants) was not beneficial in the long-term. For chronic neck pain, a mind-body intervention (2RCTs, 1 meta-analysis, 191participants) improved short-term pain/function in 1 of 4 or 6 participants. In workers, 2-minutes of daily scapula-thoracic endurance training (1RCT, 127participants) over 10 weeks was beneficial in 1 of 4 participants. A number of psychosocial interventions, workplace interventions, collar use and self-management educational strategies were not beneficial.Reviewers' Conclusions:Moderate evidence exists for ...

Haghi, M, Traini, D, Postma, DS, Bebawy, M & Young, PM 2013, 'Fluticasone uptake across Calu-3 cells is mediated by salmeterol when deposited as a combination powder inhaler', RESPIROLOGY, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 1197-1201.
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Background and objective We assessed whether co-deposition of a long-acting β2-agonist and a corticosteroid affects their respective transport rates across epithelial cells. Methods Drug particles were deposited on the air-interface culture of Calu-3 cells using a twin-stage impinger. We compared the transport rate of salmeterol and fluticasone across the epithelial cells using commercially available formulations (Serevent, Flixotide and Seretide). The transepithelial resistance of Calu-3 cells was measured before and after each deposition to monitor epithelial resistance. Results The codeposition of salmeterol and fluticasone had no significant effect on transport of salmeterol through the cell layer. In contrast, the rate of fluticasone propionate transport in presence of salmeterol xinofoate was significantly lower (0.53 ± 0.20%) compared with the single fluticasone formulation (2.36 ± 0.97%). Furthermore, the resistance of the epithelial cells was significantly increased after salmeterol deposition from both single and combination products. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that salmeterol may decrease the permeability of epithelial cells, resulting in slower fluticasone transport across Calu-3 epithelial monolayers. The subsequent increased residence time of fluticasone in the airways could prolong its anti-inflammatory effects. This study shows for the first time that salmeterol prolongs the transport of fluticasone across the epithelial cell layer following codeposition of salmeterol and fluticasone particles on epithelial cell cultures. This may increase residence time of fluticasone in the airways and result in prolonged anti-inflammatory effects of this corticosteroid. See Editorial, page 1165 © 2013 The Authors. Respirology © 2013 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology.

Hallowell, N, Alsop, K, Gleeson, M, Crook, A, Plunkett, L, Bowtell, D, Mitchell, G & Young, M-A 2013, 'The responses of research participants and their next of kin to receiving feedback of genetic test results following participation in the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study', Genetics in Medicine, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 458-465.
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Hardin, R, Bemiller, J & Pate, J 2013, 'Development and Organization of a Student-Operated Sport Management Cocurricular Club: Partners in Sports', Sport Management Education Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 43-50.
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Experiential learning is a critical component to a college education in the area of sport management as students must enter the workforce with hands-on industry experience. One experiential learning tool is a cocurricular club that offers volunteer work experience for sport management majors. The University of Tennessee’s Partners in Sports is an example of a sport management cocurricular club that prepares students for working in the sport industry through volunteer experiences. The purpose of this study was to provide a governance and organizational framework of a student-operated sport management cocurricular club and explore how it fits into the Foster Five-Step Experiential Learning Model (Foster & Dollar, 2010). This study examines the governance, student involvement, leadership, opportunities, financials, and yearly activities of Partners in Sports and offers practical applications for each area. The exploration revealed that a cocurricular club fits on the Volunteer Exploration step of the Foster Five-Step Experiential Learning Model as it introduces students to the sport industry by offering experiential learning opportunities. Providing a cocurricular club allows sport management programs to maximize initial industry exposure to students.

Hemsley, B 2013, 'Cerebral Palsy: From Diagnosis to Adult Life', Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 274-275.
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Hemsley, B, Kuek, M, Bastock, K, Scarinci, N & Davidson, B 2013, 'Parents and children with cerebral palsy discuss communication needs in hospital', Developmental Neurorehabilitation, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 363-374.
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Hemsley, B, Werninck, M & Worrall, L 2013, '“That really shouldn't have happened”: People with aphasia and their spouses narrate adverse events in hospital', Aphasiology, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 706-722.
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Hodge, C, Chan, C, Bali, SJ & Sutton, G 2013, 'A review of corneal melting following kerato‐refractive surgery', Clinical and Experimental Optometry, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 14-19.
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Hull, SL, Kneebone, II & Farquharson, L 2013, 'Anxiety, Depression, and Fall-Related Psychological Concerns in Community-Dwelling Older People', The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 1287-1291.
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Objectives: Establish the association between affect and fall-related psychological concerns (fear of falling, fall-related self-efficacy, balance confidence, and outcome expectancy). Methods: A total of 205 community-dwelling older people (mean age 81, SD 7.5 years) completed the Geriatric Depression Scalee15, Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, Modified Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling, FallseEfficacy Scalee International, Activity-Specific Balance Confidence Scale, and the Consequences of Falling Scale. Results: Hierarchical regression models showed that anxiety was independently associated with all fallrelated psychological concerns; depression was only associated with falls efficacy. Associations between fall-related psychological concerns and age, gender, accommodation, medications, self-rated physical health, falls history, mobility, and sensory aids are also discussed. Conclusion: This is the first study that investigates the association between affect and the four fall-related psychological concerns. Anxiety was a significant factor associated with all four, whereas depression was only associated with activity avoidance. Implications for healthcare providers are discussed. © 2013 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry.

Hutting, N, Scholten-Peeters, GGM, Vijverman, V, Keesenberg, MDM & Verhagen, AP 2013, 'Diagnostic Accuracy of Upper Cervical Spine Instability Tests: A Systematic Review', Physical Therapy, vol. 93, no. 12, pp. 1686-1695.
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BackgroundPatients with neck pain, headache, torticollis, or neurological signs should be screened carefully for upper cervical spine instability, as these conditions are “red flags” for applying physical therapy interventions. However, little is known about the diagnostic accuracy of upper cervical spine instability tests.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of upper cervical spine instability screening tests in patients or people who are healthy.Data SourcesPubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and RECAL Legacy databases were searched from their inception through October 2012.Study SelectionStudies were included that assessed the diagnostic accuracy of upper cervical instability screening tests in patients or people who are healthy and in which sensitivity and specificity were reported or could be calculated using a 2 × 2 table.Data Extraction and Quality AssessmentTwo reviewers independently performed data extraction and the methodological quality assessment using the QUADAS-2.Data SynthesisDepending on heterogeneity, statistical pooling was performed. All diagnostic parameters (sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios) were recalculated, if possible.ResultsFive studies were included in this systematic review. Statistical pooling was not possible due to clinical and statistical heterogeneity. Specificity of 7 tests was sufficient, but sensitivity varied. Predictive values were variable. Likelihood ratios also were variable, and, in most cases, the confidence intervals were large.

Hutting, N, Verhagen, AP, Vijverman, V, Keesenberg, MDM, Dixon, G & Scholten-Peeters, GGM 2013, 'Diagnostic accuracy of premanipulative vertebrobasilar insufficiency tests: A systematic review', Manual Therapy, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 177-182.
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Jacobs, C & Patch, C 2013, 'Identifying individuals who might benefit from genetic services and information', Nursing Standard, vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 37-42.
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This is the second in a series of articles on genetics. This article focuses on competency 1 of the revised framework for genetics/genomics for nurses. The authors discuss the importance of nurses identifying individuals who may benefit from genetic services. Recording a family history and drawing a family tree are useful skills that will help to identify these individuals and inform the healthcare team. The article explains when to refer individuals to genetic services and what they may expect from these referrals.

Karel, YHJM, Scholten-Peeters, WGM, Thoomes-de Graaf, M, Duijn, E, Ottenheijm, RPG, van den Borne, MPJ, Koes, BW, Verhagen, AP, Dinant, G-J, Tetteroo, E, Beumer, A, van Broekhoven, JB & Heijmans, M 2013, 'Current management and prognostic factors in physiotherapy practice for patients with shoulder pain: design of a prospective cohort study', BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 14, no. 1.
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Karimi, H, O’Brian, S, Onslow, M, Jones, M, Menzies, R & Packman, A 2013, 'Using Statistical Process Control Charts to Study Stuttering Frequency Variability During a Single Day', Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 1789-1799.
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Purpose Stuttering varies between and within speaking situations. In this study, the authors used statistical process control charts with 10 case studies to investigate variability of stuttering frequency. Method Participants were 10 adults who stutter. The authors counted the percentage of syllables stuttered (%SS) for segments of their speech during different speaking activities over a 12-hr day. Results for each participant were plotted on control charts. Results All participants showed marked variation around mean stuttering frequency. However, there was no pattern of that variation consistent across the 10 participants. According to control charts, the %SS scores of half the participants were indicative of unpredictable, out-of-control systems, and the %SS scores of the other half of the participants were not. Self-rated stuttering severity and communication satisfaction correlated significantly and intuitively with the number of times participants exceeded their upper control chart limits. Conclusions Control charts are a useful method to study how %SS scores might be applied to the study of stuttering variability during research and clinical practice. However, the method presents some practical problems, and the authors discuss how those problems can be solved. Solving those problems would enable researchers and clinicians to better plan, conduct, and evaluate stuttering treatments.

Karimi, H, O'Brian, S, Onslow, M, Jones, M, Menzies, R & Packman, A 2013, 'Unscheduled Telephone Calls to Measure Percent Syllables Stuttered During Clinical Trials', Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1455-1461.
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Purpose Researchers have used unscheduled telephone calls for many years during clinical trials to measure adult stuttering severity before and after treatment. Because variability is a hallmark of stuttering severity with adults, it is questionable whether an unscheduled telephone call is truly representative of their everyday speech. Method The authors studied the speech of 9 men and 1 woman for a 12-hr day during different speaking activities. On that day and 1 week prior to that day, participants received an unscheduled 10-min telephone call from a person unknown to them. The authors compared the percent syllables stuttered (%SS) for the unscheduled telephone call on the day to the %SS of the unscheduled telephone call 1 week prior to the day and to the %SS during the entire day. Results No significant differences were found, and all confidence intervals with t tests included 0. The concordance correlation test also showed a strong positive correlation between %SS scores for the entire day and for the unscheduled 10-min telephone call. Conclusion The authors conclude that there is no reason to doubt that 10-min unscheduled telephone calls are a representative speech sample for %SS during clinical trials of stuttering treatments.

Kemp, A, Preen, DB, Saunders, C, Holman, CDJ, Bulsara, M, Rogers, K & Roughead, EE 2013, 'Ascertaining invasive breast cancer cases; the validity of administrative and self-reported data sources in Australia', BMC Medical Research Methodology, vol. 13, no. 1.
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Background: Statutory State-based cancer registries are considered the gold standard for researchers identifying cancer cases in Australia, but research using self-report or administrative health datasets (e.g. hospital records) may not have linkage to a Cancer Registry and need to identify cases. This study investigated the validity of administrative and self-reported data compared with records in a State-wide Cancer Registry in identifying invasive breast cancer cases. Methods. Cases of invasive breast cancer recorded on the New South Wales (NSW) Cancer Registry between July 2004 and December 2008 (the study period) were identified for women in the 45 and Up Study. Registry cases were separately compared with suspected cases ascertained from: i) administrative hospital separations records; ii) outpatient medical service claims; iii) prescription medicines claims; and iv) the 45 and Up Study baseline survey. Ascertainment flags included diagnosis codes, surgeries (e.g. lumpectomy), services (e.g. radiotherapy), and medicines used for breast cancer, as well as self-reported diagnosis. Positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity and specificity were calculated for flags within individual datasets, and for combinations of flags across multiple datasets. Results: Of 143,010 women in the 45 and Up Study, 2039 (1.4%) had an invasive breast tumour recorded on the NSW Cancer Registry during the study period. All of the breast cancer flags examined had high specificity (>97.5%). Of the flags from individual datasets, hospital-derived lumpectomy and diagnosis of invasive breast cancer and (lumpectomy or mastectomy) and diagnosis of invasive breast cancer had the greatest PPV (89% and 88%, respectively); the later having greater sensitivity (59% and 82%, respectively). The flag with the highest sensitivity and PPV 85% was 'diagnosis of invasive breast cancer' (both 86%). Self-reported breast cancer diagnosis had a PPV of 50% and sensitivity of 85%, and breast radiotherapy...

Kneebone, I, Stone, N, Robertson, S & Walker-Samuel, N 2013, 'Screening for Depression After Stroke: Occupational Therapists' Performance to Protocols', Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 106-113.
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The ability of occupational therapists to enact post-stroke depression screening protocols was considered. The medical notes of 12 patients admitted to an in-patient stroke unit over a 3-month period were consulted to assess timely, appropriate administration, interpretation, and recording of the results of administering the protocols. Post-stroke depression screening by occupational therapists occurred for 83% of patients. Of the screens conducted, all of the patients were administered the correct tool. In 100% of cases screened, the outcome was recorded and in at least 80% clinicians had provided feedback to the patient on the results of the screen. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Kneebone, II & Jeffries, FW 2013, 'Treating anxiety after stroke using cognitive-behaviour therapy: Two cases', Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 798-810.
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Anxiety disorders are common after stroke. However, information on how to treat them with psychotherapy in this population is highly limited. Modified cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) has the potential to assist. Two cases of individuals treated with modified CBT for anxiety after stroke are presented. The modification was required in light of deficits in executive and memory function in one individual and in the context of communication difficulties in the other. The anxiety symptoms were treated over seven and nine sessions, respectively. Both participants improved following the intervention, and these improvements were maintained at 3 month follow-ups. Further case-series and randomised controlled designs are required to support and develop modified CBT for those with anxiety after stroke. © 2013 © 2013 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis.

Koenig-Robert, R & VanRullen, R 2013, 'SWIFT: A novel method to track the neural correlates of recognition', NeuroImage, vol. 81, pp. 273-282.
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Lawless, M & Hodge, C 2013, 'LASIK', International Ophthalmology Clinics, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 111-128.
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Lowe, R, O'Brian, S & Onslow, M 2013, 'Review of Telehealth Stuttering Management', Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 223-238.
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<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Telehealth is the use of communication technology to provide health care services by means other than typical in-clinic attendance models. Telehealth is increasingly used for the management of speech, language and communication disorders. The aim of this article is to review telehealth applications to stuttering management. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a search of peer-reviewed literature for the past 20 years using the Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science database, PubMed: The Bibliographic Database and a search for articles by hand. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Outcomes for telehealth stuttering treatment were generally positive, but there may be a compromise of treatment efficiency with telehealth treatment of young children. Our search found no studies dealing with stuttering assessment procedures using telehealth models. No economic analyses of this delivery model have been reported. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This review highlights the need for continued research about telehealth for stuttering management. Evidence from research is needed to inform the efficacy of assessment procedures using telehealth methods as well as guide the development of improved treatment procedures. Clinical and technical guidelines are urgently needed to ensure that the evolving and continued use of telehealth to manage stuttering does not compromise the standards of care afforded with standard in-clinic models.

Mamlouk, M, Young, PM, Bebawy, M, Haghi, M, Mamlouk, S, Mulay, V & Traini, D 2013, 'Salbutamol Sulfate Absorption Across Calu-3 Bronchial Epithelia Cell Monolayer is Inhibited in the Presence of Common Anionic NSAIDs', JOURNAL OF ASTHMA, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 334-341.
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Purpose. The aim of this study was to characterize the permeability kinetics of salbutamol sulfate, a commonly used β2-agonist in the treatment of asthma exacerbation, across Calu-3 respiratory epithelial cell monolayers in the presence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as they have been implicated to be able to modulate organic cation transporters (OCTs). Methods. Calu-3 cell monolayers were grown in a liquid covered culture (LCC) configuration on 0.33 cm2 Transwell polyester cell culture supports. Monolayers, cultured between 11 and 14 days were evaluated for epithelial resistance, tight junction integrity, and expression of OCT using Western blot analysis. The transport of salbutamol across the monolayer was studied as a function of concentration. Directional transport was investigated by assessing apical-basal (a-b) and basal-apical (b-a) directions. The influence of a non-specific OCT inhibitor (tetraethylammonium, TEA) and three NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen, and indomethacin) on the uptake of salbutamol was studied. Results. The flux of salbutamol sulfate increased with increasing concentration before reaching a plateau, suggesting the involvement of a transport-mediated uptake mechanism. Western blot analysis detected the presence of OCT1-3 and N1 and N2 sub-types, suggesting the presence of functioning transporters. The apparent permeability (Papp) of 0.1 mM salbutamol across the epithelial monolayer displayed directional transport in the a-b direction which was inhibited by ̃70% in the presence of TEA, suggesting OCT-mediated uptake. Likewise, the uptake of 0.1 mM salbutamol was decreased in the presence of all the three NSAIDs, supporting a mechanism whereby NSAIDs inhibit absorption of salbutamol across the bronchial epithelium via effects on the OCT transporters. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that NSAIDs influence the uptake kinetics of salbutamol in an in vitro Calu-3 cell system. © 2013 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.

Margulis, AV, Setoguchi, S, Mittleman, MA, Glynn, RJ, Dormuth, CR & Hernández‐Díaz, S 2013, 'Algorithms to estimate the beginning of pregnancy in administrative databases', Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 16-24.
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ABSTRACTPurposeThe role of administrative databases for research on drug safety during pregnancy can be limited by their inaccurate assessment of the timing of exposure, as the gestational age at birth is typically unavailable. Therefore, we sought to develop and validate algorithms to estimate the gestational age at birth using information available in these databases.MethodsUsing a population‐based cohort of 286,432 mother–child pairs in British Columbia (1998–2007), we validated an ICD‐9/10‐based preterm‐status indicator and developed algorithms to estimate the gestational age at birth on the basis of this indicator, maternal age, singleton/multiple status, and claims for routine prenatal care tests. We assessed the accuracy of the algorithm‐based estimates relative to the gold standard of the clinical gestational age at birth recorded in the delivery discharge record.ResultsThe preterm‐status indicator had specificity and sensitivity of 98% and 91%, respectively. Estimates from an algorithm that assigned 35 weeks of gestational age at birth to deliveries with the preterm‐status indicator and 39 weeks to those without them were within 2 weeks of the clinical gestational age at birth in 75% of preterm and 99% of term deliveries.ConclusionsSubtracting 35 weeks (245 days) from the date of birth in deliveries with codes for preterm birth and 39 weeks (273 days) in those without them provided the optimal estimate of the beginning of pregnancy among the algorithms studied. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Marin, L, Traini, D, Bebawy, M, Colombo, P, Buttini, F, Haghi, M, Ong, HX & Young, P 2013, 'Multiple dosing of simvastatin inhibits airway mucus production of epithelial cells: Implications in the treatment of chronic obstructive airway pathologies', EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 566-572.
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Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by mucus hyper-production. This pathology, together with other inflammatory contributions, leads to airway obstruction and breathing complications. Newer therapeutic approaches are of increased interest, including the use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Retrospective studies have shown that statins are effective in reducing patient mortality and blood cytokines levels. These findings suggest statins may also provide a new therapeutic approach in COPD treatment. Purpose: The aim of the present work was to study the transport of simvastatin (SV) across Calu-3 epithelial cells and to investigate its pharmacological action with respect to reduction in mucus production. Methods: Calu-3 cells were grown under liquid covered culture (LCC) conditions for transport studies in order to demonstrate the ability of SV to transport across the monolayer. For mucus detection, cells were grown under air interface culture (AIC) conditions. Samples collected for microscope analysis were stained with alcian blue; images of the stained cell surface were acquired and the mucus was quantified as the RGBB ratio. Results: SV was transported through the cell monolayer and 'retained' inside the Calu-3 cells. Colour analysis of stained Calu-3 monolayers microscope-images showed that chronic administration of SV for 14 days caused a significant inhibition in mucus production. Conclusion: These findings suggest that local delivery of SV directly to the lungs may provide a promising treatment and potential disease management approach of COPD, with significant effects on mucus reduction. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Martin, AI, Sutton, G & Hodge, C 2013, 'The Evolution of Cataract Surgery', Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 213-216.
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Martínez-Martínez, F, García-Cárdenas, V, Fikri-Benbrahim, N, García-Delgado, P & Faus, MJ 2013, 'Virtual design for a patient training and practice of care pharmaceutica', Vitae, vol. 20, no. SUPPL. 1.

Martínez-Martínez, F, García-Cárdenas, V, Sáez-Benito, L, Varas, R, Ángel Gastelurrutia, M, Sabater-Hernández, D, José Faus, M & Benrimoj, SI 2013, 'Get Impact Program. Evaluation clinical impact, economic and humanistic Pharmacotherapy follow adults greater polypharmacy', Vitae, vol. 20, no. SUPPL. 1.

Mavaddat, N, Peock, S, Frost, D, Ellis, S, Platte, R, Fineberg, E, Evans, DG, Izatt, L, Eeles, RA, Adlard, J, Davidson, R, Eccles, D, Cole, T, Cook, J, Brewer, C, Tischkowitz, M, Douglas, F, Hodgson, S, Walker, L, Porteous, ME, Morrison, PJ, Side, LE, Kennedy, MJ, Houghton, C, Donaldson, A, Rogers, MT, Dorkins, H, Miedzybrodzka, Z, Gregory, H, Eason, J, Barwell, J, McCann, E, Murray, A, Antoniou, AC & Easton, DF 2013, 'Cancer Risks for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers: Results From Prospective Analysis of EMBRACE', JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, vol. 105, no. 11, pp. 812-822.
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McEwen, AR, Young, MA & Wake, SA 2013, 'Genetic Counseling Training and Certification in Australasia', Journal of Genetic Counseling, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 875-884.
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AbstractThe development of standards for training and certification is essential to the credibility and integrity of a developing profession. Training and certification of genetic counselors in Australasia has undergone a detailed review during the past few years, resulting in changes to the way certification is obtained. This paper presents an overview of the process of developing a robust training and certification program which reflects the social and cultural environment of genetic counselors working in Australasia. A brief history of the development of the profession in Australasia is provided, followed by a detailed discussion of the recent development of Masters programs and a portfolio of work required for certification. The importance of consultation within the profession and with our colleagues in the field of human genetics is considered, and we provide a discussion of defining moments that occurred during the review. This paper is intended to provide a detailed description of genetic counselor training and certification in Australasia. We anticipate that our insights into the process of redevelopment of training and certification guidelines may be helpful for genetic counselors working in countries where certification requirements are being developed.

McGurk, R & Kneebone, II 2013, 'The problems faced by informal carers to people with aphasia after stroke: A literature review', Aphasiology, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 765-783.
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Background: In addition to other stroke related impairments, up to 12% of those who survive stroke have ongoing problems with aphasia. Research suggests that informal carers to those with aphasia after stroke experience a greater overall burden of care than those who care for stroke survivors without aphasia. One of the keys to understanding this is a clear appreciation of the problems faced by carers of stroke survivors with aphasia. Aims: Via review of the literature to identify the problems faced by informal carers to those having aphasia after stroke. Methods & procedures: Studies listed in AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases were searched for articles published up until 10th June 2012, using specified search terms. Reference lists of papers obtained were hand-searched. The studies were rated according to the appropriateness of the study design and the quality with which the research was executed. The results of studies of higher quality were given greater weighting. Outcomes & Results: Fourteen studies were found that complied with the study criteria. The majority of research was cross-sectional. There was a balance of qualitative and quantitative studies. There were methodological problems with all of the studies. Seven studies were rated as low quality and the remainder were rated as moderate quality. It was established that there is reasonable evidence to suggest that informal carers to people with aphasia after stroke commonly experience problems in the following areas: role changes/new responsibilities, difficulties with social and leisure activities, communication difficulties with the stroke survivor, employment and financial problems, problems in dealing with health professionals, relationship difficulties with the stroke survivor, difficulties in family relationships, lack of support or respite, managing difficult behaviours in the stroke survivor, physical health problems/fatigue, and emotional health problems. Conclusio...

Mehta, P 2013, 'Handbook of Teaching and Learning for Physical Therapists', Physical Therapy Reviews.

Murray, E, Power, E, Togher, L, McCabe, P, Munro, N & Smith, K 2013, 'The reliability of methodological ratings for speechBITE using the PEDro‐P scale', International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 297-306.
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AbstractBackgroundspeechBITE (http://www.speechbite.com) is an online database established in order to help speech and language therapists gain faster access to relevant research that can used in clinical decision‐making. In addition to containing more than 3000 journal references, the database also provides methodological ratings on the PEDro‐P (an adapted version of the PEDro) scale to assist clinicians in identifying the scientific quality of randomized (RCTs) and non‐randomized control trials (NRCTs). While reliability of the PEDro scale has been established by similar allied health databases, the reliability of the PEDro‐P scale has yet to be reported.AimsTo examine the reliability of PEDro‐P scale ratings undertaken by raters on the speechBITE database and benchmark these results to the published reliability for the original PEDro scale. Both the total score (out of ten) as well as each of the 11 scale items were included in this analysis.Methods & ProceduresspeechBITE's volunteer rater network of 17 members rated the first 100 RCTs and NRCTs on the website. The criterion and overall scores for these ratings were compared with previously published reliability studies using the PEDro scale. Intra‐class correlations and per cent agreement measures were used to establish and benchmark reliability.Outcomes & ResultsThe speechBITE PEDro‐P ratings ranged from fair to excellent for both the total score and for each of the 11 scale items. Furthermore, reliability was equal to that of other databases.Conclusions & Implications<...

Newton-John, TRO 2013, 'How significant is the Significant Other in patient coping in chronic pain?', Pain Management, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 485-493.
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SUMMARY While healthcare is most commonly focused at the individual level, considerable research has demonstrated that the presence and nature of the relationship with a significant other can play an important role in both mortality and morbidity. In the case of chronic pain, studies have shown that patient disability, mood and overall adjustment can be strongly influenced by the partner. The partner’s responses to patient overt communications of pain have been examined in detail, with support for operant behavioral models of chronic pain generally found. However, more recent studies have extended the behavioral paradigm by exploring issues such as empathy, relationship intimacy and the cognitive patterns of patients and their partners, to better understand dyadic adjustment to chronic pain. Future work will broaden the investigation of the determinants of partner helping behaviors, by looking at pre-illness variables and their expression in a chronic pain relationship.

Nicolas, A, Eickhoff, C, Griese, N & Schulz, M 2013, 'Drug-related problems in prescribed medicines in Germany at the time of dispensing', International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 476-482.
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O’Brian, S, Iverach, L, Jones, M, Onslow, M, Packman, A & Menzies, R 2013, 'Effectiveness of the Lidcombe Program for early stuttering in Australian community clinics', International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 593-603.
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This study explored the effectiveness of the Lidcombe Program for early stuttering in community clinics. Participants were 31 speech-language pathologists (SLPs) using the Lidcombe Program in clinics across Australia, and 57 of their young stuttering clients. Percentage of syllables stuttered (%SS) was collected 9 months after beginning treatment along with information about variables likely to influence outcomes. The mean %SS for the 57 children 9 months after starting treatment was 1.7. The most significant predictor of outcome was Lidcombe Program Trainers Consortium (LPTC) training. The children of trained SLPs (n = 19), compared to the children of untrained SLPs, took 76% more sessions to complete stage 1, but achieved 54% lower %SS scores, 9 months after starting treatment. Results suggest that outcomes for the Lidcombe Program in the general community may be comparable to those obtained in clinical trials when SLPs receive formal training and support.

O'Brian, S, Jones, M, Lincoln, M, Harrison, E, Packman, A, Menzies, R & Onslow, M 2013, 'Validity of real-time measures of stuttering frequency', Speech, Language and Hearing, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 107-116.
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© W. S. Maney & Son Ltd 2013. Purpose: This study investigated the validity of real-time measurement of percent syllables stuttered (%SS), and whether slowing down the rate of presentation of recorded speech samples, or independent measurement of the number of stutters and the number of syllables improved this validity. Method: Eight speech-language pathologists (SLPs) measured %SS from 16×3-minute audio samples of stuttered speech, presented in the following ways: (1) concurrently counting stutters and syllables at original speed, (2) concurrently counting stutters and syllables with the speed of presentation slowed by about a third, (3) independently counting stutters and syllables at original speed, or (4) independently counting stutters and syllables at reduced speed. All measures were compared with previously determined 'expert consensus' values. SLPs also rated each method for ease of use. Results: Results showed no significant difference between the expert consensus measures and any of the measurement methods in terms of validity or reliability, despite SLPs generally finding the modified methods easier to use. Conclusions: Neither slowing down the rate of presentation nor counting stutters and syllables independently improved the validity or reliability of real-time measurement of %SS by SLPs.

Okuyan, B, Sancar, M & Izzettin, FV 2013, 'Assessment of medication knowledge and adherence among patients under oral chronic medication treatment in community pharmacy settings', Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 209-214.
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ABSTRACTPurposeThis study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between the lack of medication knowledge and the self‐reported rates of patient medication adherence.MethodsPatients eligible to participate in the study had been taking oral medication at least once daily over the course of a minimum of three consecutive months before recruitment to the study. All participants were older than 18 years. The level of each patient's knowledge of his or her medication was randomly assessed by a trained fifth‐year pharmacy student through an adapted questionnaire. In addition, patient adherence was evaluated via utilization of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale.ResultsOf the 765 study participants (mean ± SD age = 55.45 ± 15.05 years, range = 20–91 years, 56.2% women), 58.0% reported adherence to their medication regimen and 64.5% professed optimal knowledge of their medication. The mean duration of medication utilization was 26.77 ± 40.62 months (range = 3–504 years). A statistically significant correlation exists between the total medication knowledge score on the questionnaire and the level of medication adherence (r = −0.964, p < 0.001).ConclusionImprovement in the patient's knowledge of medications taken would bear a positive effect on medication adherence. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Onslow, M & O'Brian, S 2013, 'Management of childhood stuttering', Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. E112-E115.
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AbstractStuttering is a speech disorder that begins during the first years of life and is among the most prevalent of developmental disorders. It appears to be a problem with neural processing of speech involving genetics. Onset typically occurs during the first years of life, shortly after language development begins. Clinical presentation during childhood is interrupted and effortful speech production, often with rapid onset. If not corrected during early childhood, it becomes intractable and can cause psychological, social, educational and occupational problems. There is evidence from replicated clinical trials to support early intervention during the pre‐school years. Meta‐analysis of studies indicates that children who receive early intervention during the pre‐school years are 7.7 times more likely to have resolution of their stuttering. Early intervention is recommended with a speech pathologist. Some children who begin to stutter will recover without such intervention. However, the number of such recoveries is currently not known, and it is not possible to predict which children are likely to recover naturally. Consequently, the current best practice is for speech pathologists to monitor children for signs of natural recovery for up to 1 year before beginning treatment.

Pedersen, AR, Stubbs, PW & Nielsen, JF 2013, 'Standard Assumptions About the Trial-by-Trial Distribution of Averaged Electromyography Data Could Produce Erroneous Results', Motor Control, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 75-94.
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The aim was to challenge the assumptions of standard statistical analyses of average surface electromyography (sEMG) data as a measurement of response magnitudes following the generation of a reflex. The ipsilateral tibial nerve was stimulated at three stimulation intensities and the response sEMG was measured in the contralateral soleus (cSOL) muscle. The magnitude of the cSOL response was measured at a set time window following ipsilateral tibial nerve stimulation. The averaged and trial-by-trial response magnitudes were assessed and compared. The analysis of the averaged and trial-by-trial response revealed significantly different results as the trial-by trial response magnitudes were log-normally distributed with between subject variance heterogeneity violating assumptions of standard statistical analyses. A statistical model has been suggested for the analysis of the responses. By ignoring trial-by-trial response variability and distribution, erroneous results may occur. This may change the interpretation of the results in some studies.

Penney, E & Lawsin, C 2013, 'Application of the MODE model to implicit weight prejudice and its influence on expressed and actual behavior among college students', Journal of Applied Social Psychology, vol. 43, no. S2, pp. E229-E236.
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AbstractWeight prejudice and discrimination were examined in students, using the motivation and opportunity as determinants (MODE) model. The personalized Implicit Association Test (pIAT) and Motivation to Control Prejudiced Reactions (MCPR) scale were used to predict subsequent expressed and actual behavior, measured by an election task and a lost e‐mail task. Thematic analysis of qualitative responses was conducted to determine reasons participants discriminated against obesity. The MODE model did not predict the prejudice–behavior relationship; however, expressed weight prejudice and discrimination were highly prevalent. Of the participants, 21.2% explicitly stated that candidates' weight influenced their voting behavior. The MODE model was concluded to be an inappropriate model for weight prejudice. Implications for future research are discussed.

Phillips, J, Kneebone, II & Taverner, B 2013, 'Breaking bad news in stroke rehabilitation: a consultation with a community stroke team', Disability and Rehabilitation, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 694-701.
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Purpose: Within stroke care clinicians are frequently required to break bad news to patients, however, formal training and guidance remains limited. This article provides a case example of a multidisciplinary stroke rehabilitation team consultation, and aims to contribute towards an evidence base and a model of training for breaking bad news (BBN) in stroke care. Method: The stroke rehabilitation team requested clinical psychology consultation to help with difficulties they were experiencing in BBN to patients. The consultation comprised an assessment of the request, development of a proposal, delivery of a workshop on BBN and an evaluation of consultation impact. A collaborative consultation model underpinned the work, which aimed to empower and facilitate the team to generate solutions by drawing upon their existing expertise. Results: The consultation was found to meet the team's expectations and needs. Consultees reported increased confidence to communicate difficult messages to patients and rated the consultation highly. A follow-up review indicated the consultation had led to changes in practice. Conclusions: Communication skills are central to BBN effectively. Clinicians may be supported to recognize their existing skill set and increase confidence in their ability to break bad news through a process of collaborative team consultation. Implications for Rehabilitation Despite a lack of formal guidance stroke care clinicians are frequently required to break bad news to patients. Clinicians may be supported to increase confidence in their skills to break bad news through a process of collaborative team consultation. Developing an evidence base and training in breaking bad news should be considered a priority in stroke care. © 2013 Informa UK, Ltd.

Reilly, S, Onslow, M, Packman, A, Cini, E, Conway, L, Ukoumunne, OC, Bavin, EL, Prior, M, Eadie, P, Block, S & Wake, M 2013, 'Natural History of Stuttering to 4 Years of Age: A Prospective Community-Based Study', Pediatrics, vol. 132, no. 3, pp. 460-467.
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OBJECTIVES: To document the natural history of stuttering by age 4 years, including (1) cumulative incidence of onset, (2) 12-month recovery status, (3) predictors of stuttering onset and recovery, and (4) potential comorbidities. The study cohort was a prospective community-ascertained cohort (the Early Language in Victoria Study) from Melbourne, Australia, of 4-year-old children (n = 1619; recruited at age 8 months) and their mothers. METHODS: Outcome was stuttering onset by age 4 years and recovery within 12 months of onset, defined using concurrent monthly parent and speech pathologist ratings. Potential predictors: child gender, birth weight, birth order, prematurity, and twinning; maternal mental health and education; socioeconomic status; and family history of stuttering. Potential comorbidities: preonset and concurrent temperament, language, nonverbal cognition, and health-related quality of life. RESULTS: By age 4 years, the cumulative incidence of stuttering onset was 11.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.7% to 12.8%). Higher maternal education (P = .004), male gender (P = .02), and twinning (P = .005) predicted stuttering onset. At outcome, stuttering children had stronger language (mean [SD]: 105.0 [13.0] vs 99.6 [14.6]; mean difference 5.5, 95% CI: 3.1 to 7.8; P &lt; .001) and nonverbal cognition (mean [SD]: 106.5 [11.4] vs 103.9 [13.7], mean difference 2.6, 95% CI: 0.4 to 4.8; P = .02) and better health-related quality of life but were otherwise similar to their nonstuttering peers. Only 9 of 142 children (6.3%; 95% CI: 2.9% to 11.7%) recovered within 12 months of onset.

Rietdijk, R, Simpson, G, Togher, L, Power, E & Gillett, L 2013, 'An exploratory prospective study of the association between communication skills and employment outcomes after severe traumatic brain injury', Brain Injury, vol. 27, no. 7-8, pp. 812-818.
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Roberts, TV, Lawless, M & Hodge, C 2013, 'Laser-assisted cataract surgery following insertion of a pupil expander for management of complex cataract and small irregular pupil', Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, vol. 39, no. 12, pp. 1921-1924.
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We report a case in which laser-assisted cataract surgery was performed safely and successfully following manual division of posterior synechiae and mechanical dilation of the pupil with a Malyugin ring in a patient with an irregular, small stuck-down pupil. Financial Disclosure Dr. Lawless is a member of the medical advisory board of Alcon Lensx. No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. © 2013 ASCRS and ESCRS.

Roberts, TV, Lawless, M, Bali, SJ, Hodge, C & Sutton, G 2013, 'Surgical Outcomes and Safety of Femtosecond Laser Cataract Surgery', Ophthalmology, vol. 120, no. 2, pp. 227-233.
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Objective: To report the surgical outcomes and safety of femtosecond (FS) laser cataract surgery (LCS) with greater surgeon experience, modified techniques, and improved technology. Design: Prospective, interventional case series. Participants: Fifteen hundred consecutive eyes undergoing FS laser cataract and refractive lens exchange surgery in a single group private practice. Intervention: Femtosecond LCS. Methods: All eyes undergoing LCS between April 2011 and March 2012 were included in the study. Cases underwent anterior capsulotomy, lens fragmentation, and corneal incisions with the Alcon/LenSx FS laser (Alcon/LenSx, Aliso Viejo, CA). The procedure was completed by phacoemulsification and insertion of an intraocular lens. The cases were divided into 2 groups: Group 1, initial experience consisting of the first 200 cases; and group 2, the subsequent 1300 cases performed by the same surgeons. Main Outcome Measures: Intraoperative complication rates and comparison between groups. Results: Both groups were comparable for baseline demographic parameters. Anterior capsule tears occurred in 4% and 0.31% of eyes, posterior capsule tears in 3.5% and 0.31% of eyes, and posterior lens dislocation in 2% and 0% of eyes in groups 1 group 2, respectively (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Number of docking attempts per case (1.5 vs 1.05), incidence of post-laser pupillary constriction (9.5% vs 1.23%), and anterior capsular tags (10.5% vs 1.61%) were significantly lower in group 2 (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Conclusions: In the authors' experience, the surgical outcomes and safety of LCS improved significantly with greater surgeon experience, development of modified techniques, and improved technology. Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references. © 2013 American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Roberts, TV, Lawless, M, Chan, CCK, Jacobs, M, Ng, D, Bali, SJ, Hodge, C & Sutton, G 2013, 'Femtosecond laser cataract surgery: technology and clinical practice', Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 180-186.
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AbstractThe recent introduction of femtosecond lasers to cataract surgery has generated much interest among ophthalmologists around the world. Laser cataract surgery integrates high‐resolution anterior segment imaging systems with a femtosecond laser, allowing key steps of the procedure, including the primary and side‐port corneal incisions, the anterior capsulotomy and fragmentation of the lens nucleus, to be performed with computer‐guided laser precision. There is emerging evidence of reduced phacoemulsification time, better wound architecture and a more stable refractive result with femtosecond cataract surgery, as well as reports documenting an initial learning curve. This article will review the current state of technology and discuss our clinical experience.

Rodriguez, AD, Worrall, L, Brown, K, Grohn, B, McKinnon, E, Pearson, C, Van Hees, S, Roxbury, T, Cornwell, P, MacDonald, A, Angwin, A, Cardell, E, Davidson, B & Copland, DA 2013, 'Aphasia LIFT: Exploratory investigation of an intensive comprehensive aphasia programme', Aphasiology, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 1339-1361.
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Rogers, KD, Blyth, FM, March, LM & Jorm, L 2013, 'A nested case–control analysis of self-reported physical functioning after total knee replacement surgery in the 45 and Up Study Cohort', BMJ Open, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. e002291-e002291.
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Objectives: The rate of total knee arthroplasty surgery (TKA) is rising in Australia despite varying impacts of TKA on physical function (PF) in population-based studies. There are potentially modifiable risk factors that could enhance PF after TKA, so we evaluated (1) the levels of PF in persons with TKA and the rest of the population, (2) potentially modifiable characteristics of those reporting poor PF after TKA. Design: Nested case-control study. Setting: Population-based cohort study in New South Wales, Australia. Participants: Members of a large (n=267 151) cohort study recruited by a self-completed, mailed questionnaire from 2006 to 2008. After exclusions (for hip arthroplasty, partial TKA, missing important variables and mismatching TKA status between self-reported and hospital record data), this study included 205 148 participants. Primary and secondary outcomes: Primary outcome, Medical Outcomes Study Physical Function scale (MOS-PF). Secondary outcome, dispensings of analgesics or anti-inflammatory drugs. Results: We found 2916 TKA participants and 202 232 participants with no TKA (confirmed across datasets). Persons with TKA had a lower MOS-PF (59.9, 95% CI 58.5 to 60.6) than those without TKA (83.8, 95% CI 83.7 to 83.9). In the matched analysis, the TKA group had a lower MOS-PF (59.9, 95% CI 59.9 to 62.4) than those without TKA (68.4, 95% CI 67.8 to 69.0). In persons with TKA, lower levels of MOS-PF were associated with low self-rated health, high psychological distress, comorbidity, greater age, recent treatment for osteoarthritis and use of paracetamol. Women had an MOS-PF that was 11.6 points (95% CI 9.5 to 13.8) lower than men. Conclusions: Several modifiable risk factors have been identified to influence PF in persons receiving TKA, with notable differences between sexes. The importance of these risk factors should be examined in incident TKA to test if early identification and intervention for individuals can improve outcomes.

Rogers, KD, Kemp, A, McLachlan, AJ & Blyth, F 2013, 'Adverse Selection? A Multi-Dimensional Profile of People Dispensed Opioid Analgesics for Persistent Non-Cancer Pain', PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. e80095-e80095.
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Objectives: This study investigates utilisation patterns for prescription opioid analgesics in the Australian community and how these are associated with a framework of individual-level factors related to healthcare use. Methods: Self-reported demographic and health information from participants in the 45 and Up Study cohort were linked to pharmaceutical claims from 2006-2009. Participants comprised 19,816 people with ≥1 opioid analgesic dispensing in the 12-months after recruitment to the cohort and 79,882 people not dispensed opioid analgesics. All participants were aged ≥45 years, were social security pharmaceutical beneficiaries, with no history of cancer. People dispensed opioid analgesics were classified as having acute (dispensing period <90 days), episodic (≥90 days and <3 'authority' prescriptions for increased quantity supply) or long-term treatment (≥90 days and ≥3 authority prescriptions). Results: Of participants dispensed opioid analgesic 52% received acute treatment, 25% episodic treatment and 23% long-term treatment. People dispensed opioid analgesics long-term had an average of 14.9 opioid analgesic prescriptions/year from 2.0 doctors compared with 1.5 prescriptions from 1.1 doctors for people receiving acute treatment. People dispensed opioid analgesics reported more need-related factors such as poorer physical functioning and higher psychological distress. Long-term users were more likely to have access-related factors such as low-income and living outside major cities. After simultaneous adjustment, association with predisposing health factors and access diminished, but indicators of need such as osteoarthritis treatment, paracetamol use, and poor physical function were the strongest predictors for all opioid analgesic users. Conclusions: People dispensed opioid analgesics were in poorer health, reported higher levels of distress and poorer functioning than people not receiving opioid analgesics. Varying dispensing profiles were evident among ...

Scalia, S, Haghi, M, Losi, V, Trotta, V, Young, PM & Traini, D 2013, 'Quercetin solid lipid microparticles: A flavonoid for inhalation lung delivery', EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 278-285.
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Purpose The aim of the present work was to develop solid lipid microparticles (SLMs), as dry powders containing quercetin for direct administration to the lung. Methods Quercetin microparticles were prepared by o/w emulsification via a phase inversion technique, using tristearin as the lipid component and phosphatidylcholine as an emulsifier. The quercetin SLMs were characterised for morphology, drug loading (15.5% ± 0.6, which corresponded to an encapsulation efficiency of 71.4%), particle size distribution, response to humidity, crystallinity, thermal behaviour and in vitro respirable fraction. Furthermore, the toxicity and the in vitro transport of the SLMs on an air liquid interface model of the Calu-3 cell line were also investigated using a modified twin-stage impinger apparatus. Results Results showed that quercetin SLMs could be formulated as dry powder suitable for inhalation drug delivery (20.5 ± 3.3% fine particle fraction ≤4.46 μm) that was absorbed, via a linear kinetic model across the Calu-3 monolayer (22.32 ± 1.51% over 4 h). In addition, quercetin SLMs were shown to be non-toxic at the concentrations investigated. Interestingly, no apical to basolateral transport of the micronised quercetin was observed over the period of study. Conclusions These observations suggest quercetin diffusion was enhanced by the presence of the lipid/emulsifying excipients in the SLMs; however further studies are necessary to elucidate the exact mechanisms. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Scholten‐Peeters, GGM, Beekman‐Evers, MS, van Boxel, ACJW, van Hemert, S, Paulis, WD, van der Wouden, JC & Verhagen, AP 2013, 'Attitude, knowledge and behaviour towards evidence‐based medicine of physical therapists, students, teachers and supervisors in the Netherlands: a survey', Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 598-606.
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AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Evidence‐based medicine (EBM) has gained widespread acceptance in physical therapy. However, because little is known about the attitudes, knowledge and behaviour of physical therapists towards EBM, and their participation in research to generate EBM, we explored these aspects among physical therapy students, teachers, supervisors and practising physical therapists.Methods  This is a cross‐sectional survey in which participants completed a web‐based questionnaire to determine their attitudes, knowledge and behaviour regarding EBM, and their participation in research.Results  Questionnaires were sent to 814 participants of which 165 were returned. The overall mean score for attitude was 4.3 [standard deviation (SD) 1.0; range 1–7], which indicates a weak positive attitude. Teachers scored the highest (4.9, SD 1.2) and students the lowest (4.1, SD 0.8). Although most participants had some understanding of the technical terms used in EBM, only teachers felt able to explain these terms to others. Of the students, 45% rated their perceived EBM knowledge as bad and 45% as average, whereas 78% of the teachers considered that they had good knowledge. To answer clinical questions, most students generally use textbooks (96%) and the opinion of their supervisors (87.7%).Conclusions  There is a weak positive attitude of physical therapists, teachers, supervisors and students towards participating in research in general practice, but there is a lack of knowledge and active behaviour regarding EBM, especially among physical therapy students.

Scholten-Peeters, GGM, Thoomes, E, Konings, S, Beijer, M, Verkerk, K, Koes, BW & Verhagen, AP 2013, 'Is manipulative therapy more effective than sham manipulation in adults?: a systematic review and meta-analysis', Chiropractic & Manual Therapies, vol. 21, no. 1.
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Background: Manipulative therapy is widely used in the treatment of spinal disorders. Manipulative techniques are under debate because of the possibility of adverse events. To date, the efficacy of manipulations compared to sham manipulations is unclear. The purpose of the study is: to assess the efficacy of manipulative therapy compared to sham in adults with a variety of complaints.Study design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods: Bibliographic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, Central) along with a hand search of selected bibliographies were searched from inception up to April 2012.Two reviewers independently selected randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated manipulative therapy compared to sham manipulative therapy in adults, assessed risk of bias and extracted data concerning participants, intervention, kind of sham, outcome measures, duration of follow-up, profession, data on efficacy and adverse events. Pooled (standardized) mean differences or risk differences were calculated were possible using a random effects model. The primary outcomes were pain, disability, and perceived recovery. The overall quality of the body of evidence was evaluated using GRADE.Results: In total 965 references were screened for eligibility and 19 RCTs (n = 1080) met the selection criteria. Eight studies were considered of low risk of bias. There is moderate level of evidence that manipulative therapy has a significant effect in adults on pain relief immediately after treatment (standardized mean difference [SMD] - 0.68, 95% confidence interval (-1.06 to -0.31). There is low level of evidence that manipulative therapy has a significant effect in adults on pain relief (SMD - 0.37, -0.69 to -0.04) at short- term follow-up. In patients with musculoskeletal disorders, we found moderate level of evidence for pain relief (SMD - 0.73, -1.21 to -0.25) immediate after treatment and low level of evidence for pain relief (SMD - 0.52, -0.87 to -0.17) at short term-fo...

Seymour, K, Stein, T, Sanders, LLO, Guggenmos, M, Theophil, I & Sterzer, P 2013, 'Altered Contextual Modulation of Primary Visual Cortex Responses in Schizophrenia', Neuropsychopharmacology, vol. 38, no. 13, pp. 2607-2612.
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Sim, P, Power, E & Togher, L 2013, 'Describing conversations between individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and communication partners following communication partner training: Using exchange structure analysis', Brain Injury, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 717-742.
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Smith, J, White, C, Roufeil, L, Veitch, C, Pont, L, Patel, B, Battye, K, Luetsch, K & Mitchell, C 2013, 'A national study into the rural and remote pharmacist workforce', Rural and Remote Health, vol. 13, no. 2.
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Smith, JA, Stephenson, M, Jacobs, C & Quarrell, O 2013, 'Doing the right thing for one's children: deciding whether to take the genetic test for Huntington's disease as a moral dilemma', Clinical Genetics, vol. 83, no. 5, pp. 417-421.
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This is a qualitative examination of candidates' decision‐making in relation to the genetic test for Huntington's disease. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with nine participants who were asked about factors influencing their decision whether to take up predictive genetic testing. Transcripts of interviews were subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis to elicit emergent themes. A key factor for participants was to do the right thing for their children. Interestingly, this factor presents a moral dilemma to participants and can direct them either towards or away from testing. This article offers a detailed examination of how participants think through this dilemma.

Smith, JD, White, C, Roufeil, L, Veitch, C, Pont, L, Patel, B, Battye, K, Luetsch, K & Mitchell, C 2013, 'A national study into the rural and remote pharmacist workforce', Rural and Remote Health, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1-11.
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Introduction: As for many health professionals, distance presents an enormous challenge to pharmacists working in rural and remote Australia. Previous studies have identified issues relating to the size of the rural and remote pharmacist workforce, and a number of national initiatives have been implemented to promote the recruitment and retention of pharmacists in rural and remote locations. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the current rural and remote pharmacy workforce, and to identify barriers and drivers influencing rural and remote pharmacy practice. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used, which comprised a qualitative national consultation and a quantitative rural and remote pharmacist workforce survey. Semi-structured interviews (n=83) and focus groups (n=15, 143 participants) were conducted throughout Australia in 2009 with stakeholders with an interest in rural and remote pharmacy, practising rural/remote pharmacists and pharmacy educators, and as well as with peak pharmacy organizations, to explore the issues associated with rural/remote practice. Based on the findings of the qualitative work a 45-item survey was developed to further explore the relevance of the issues identified in the qualitative consultation. All registered Australian pharmacists practising in non-urban locations (RRMA 3-7, n=3,300) were identified and invited to participate in the study, with a response rate of 23.4%. Results: The main themes identified from the qualitative consultation were the impact of national increases in the pharmacist workforce on rural/remote practice; the role of the regional pharmacy schools in contributing to the rural/remote workforce; and the perceptions of differences in pharmacist roles in rural/remote practice. The survey indicated that pharmacists practising in rural and remote locations were older than the national average (55.8 years versus 40 years). Differences in their professional role were seen in different phar...

Spence, J, Titov, N, Johnston, L, Dear, BF, Wootton, B, Terides, M & Zou, J 2013, 'Internet-delivered eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (iEMDR): an open trial', F1000Research, vol. 2, pp. 79-79.
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Recent research indicates internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) can reduce symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examined the efficacy of an internet-delivered treatment protocol that combined iCBT and internet-delivered eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (iEMDR), in an uncontrolled trial. Eleven of the 15 participants completed post-treatment questionnaires. Large effect sizes were found from pre-treatment to 3-month follow-up (d = 1.03 – 1.61) on clinician-assessed and self-reported measures of PTSD, anxiety and distress, with moderate effect sizes (d = 0.59 – 0.70) found on measures of depression and disability. At post-treatment, 55% of the participants no longer met criteria for PTSD and this was sustained at follow-up. Symptom worsening occurred in 3 of 15 (20%) of the sample from pre- to post-treatment; however, these participants reported overall symptom improvement by follow-up. Future research directions for iEMDR are discussed.

Starcevic, V & Berle, D 2013, 'Cyberchondria: towards a better understanding of excessive health-related Internet use', Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 205-213.
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Looking for information about symptoms and illnesses on the Internet is common and often serves useful purposes. However, a number of people who are overly distressed or anxious about their health perform excessive or repeated health-related searches on the Internet, only to become more distressed or frightened - a pattern defined here as cyberchondria. This behavior, which can also be construed as a form of reassurance seeking and occurs as a manifestation of health anxiety and hypochondriasis, is the focus of this article. The antecedents of cyberchondria, factors that maintain it and its consequences are examined conceptually and in light of the relatively little research that has been performed so far. Managing cyberchondria poses a challenge, and several approaches as part of the treatment of health anxiety and hypochondriasis are described. The article makes suggestions for further research on cyberchondria. © 2013 2013 Expert Reviews Ltd.

Starcevic, V, Berle, D, Brakoulias, V, Sammut, P, Moses, K, Milicevic, D & Hannan, A 2013, 'Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder co-occurring with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Conceptual and clinical implications', Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 65-73.
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Objectives:There are ongoing uncertainties in the relationship between obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). This study aimed to test the proposition that OCPD may be a marker of severity of OCD by comparing groups of OCD individuals with and without OCPD on a number of variables.Method:A total of 148 adults with a principal diagnosis of OCD were administered the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale, Sheehan Disability Scale, Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory and Symptom Checklist 90-Revised. Participants with a DSM-IV diagnosis of OCPD were compared with those without OCPD.Results:Some 70 (47.3%) participants were diagnosed with OCPD. The groups of participants with and without OCPD did not differ significantly with respect to any of the demographic variables, clinician-rated severity of OCD, levels of disability and mean age of onset of OCD. All self-rated OCD symptom dimensions except for contamination and checking were significantly more prominent in participants with OCPD, as were all self-rated dimensions of psychopathology. Participants with OCPD had significantly more frequent hoarding compulsions and obsessions involving a need to collect and keep objects. Of Axis I disorders, only panic disorder was significantly more frequent in participants with OCPD than in those without OCPD.Conclusions:A high frequency of OCPD among individuals with OCD suggests a strong, although not necessarily a unique, relationship between the two conditions. This finding may also be a consequence of the blurring of the boundary between OCD and OCPD by postulating that hoarding and hoarding-like behaviours characterise both disorders...

Starcevic, V, Rossi Monti, M, D’Agostino, A & Berle, D 2013, 'Will DSM-5 make us feel dysphoric? Conceptualisation(s) of dysphoria in the most recent classification of mental disorders', Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 954-955.
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Sutton, G, Bali, SJ & Hodge, C 2013, 'Femtosecond cataract surgery', Current Opinion in Ophthalmology, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 3-8.
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The introduction of the femtosecond laser to the field of cataract surgery offers many potential benefits. The femtosecond laser is able to perform three important steps in cataract surgery: capsulotomy, lens fragmentation and corneal incisions. Although evidence in support of its efficacy is accumulating, there is a surgical learning curve that needs to be addressed. This review outlines key issues to consider when contemplating the transition to laser cataract surgery in clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS: Laser cataract surgery has been shown to be associated with an initial learning curve. Femtosecond lasers produce a more accurate and precise anterior capsulotomy, improve intraocular lens centration and reduce intraocular lens tilt. Visual and refractive outcomes, although in a limited number of studies, have been shown to be at least as good as those of conventional phacoemulsification. The impact of reduced phacoemulsification energy on the corneal endothelium is still being investigated. SUMMARY: The automation of key steps by the use of femtosecond lasers in cataract surgery has several potential advantages. Emerging literature supports the transition from conventional phacoemulsification to the laser cataract surgery. © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Tenen, A, Roberts, K, Sack, J & Hodge, C 2013, 'Assessment of midperipheral anterior chamber depth in patient with posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens', Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 1611-1614.
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We describe a patient who required surgical explantation of a phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) as a result of mechanical angle closure despite the absence of standard preoperative risk factors. An assessment of the patient's records suggested peripheral anterior chamber depth (ACD) values considerably shallower than the central ACD measurement. Subsequently, the midperipheral values of all patients having pIOL implantation at our practice were reviewed to provide potential baseline measurements for comparison against the values of the explanted pIOL eyes. Assessment of midperipheral anterior chamber anatomy may be advantageous in the evaluation of patients for pIOL surgery. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. © 2013 ASCRS and ESCRS.

Terrett, G, Rendell, PG, Raponi-Saunders, S, Henry, JD, Bailey, PE & Altgassen, M 2013, 'Episodic Future Thinking in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder', Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol. 43, no. 11, pp. 2558-2568.
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Thoomes, EJ, Scholten-Peeters, W, Koes, B, Falla, D & Verhagen, AP 2013, 'The Effectiveness of Conservative Treatment for Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy', The Clinical Journal of Pain, vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 1073-1086.
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Titov, N, Dear, BF, Johnston, L, Lorian, C, Zou, J, Wootton, B, Spence, J, McEvoy, PM & Rapee, RM 2013, 'Improving Adherence and Clinical Outcomes in Self-Guided Internet Treatment for Anxiety and Depression: Randomised Controlled Trial', PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. e62873-e62873.
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Background:Depression and anxiety are common, disabling and chronic. Self-guided internet-delivered treatments are popular, but few people complete them. New strategies are required to realise their potential.Aims:To evaluate the effect of automated emails on the effectiveness, safety, and acceptability of a new automated transdiagnostic self-guided internet-delivered treatment, the Wellbeing Course, for people with depression and anxiety.Method:A randomised controlled trial was conducted through the website: www.ecentreclinic.org. Two hundred and fifty seven people with elevated symptoms were randomly allocated to the 8 week course either with or without automated emails, or to a waitlist control group. Primary outcome measures were the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7).Results:Participants in the treatment groups had lower PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores at post-treatment than controls. Automated emails increased rates of course completion (58% vs. 35%), and improved outcomes in a subsample with elevated symptoms.Conclusions:The new self-guided course was beneficial, and automated emails facilitated outcomes. Further attention to strategies that facilitate adherence, learning, and safety will help realise the potential of self-guided interventions.Trial Registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12610001058066. © 2013 Titov et al.

Togher, L, McDonald, S, Tate, R, Power, E & Rietdijk, R 2013, 'Training communication partners of people with severe traumatic brain injury improves everyday conversations: A multicenter single blind clinical trial', Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 637-645.
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Toon, CW, Walsh, MD, Chou, A, Capper, D, Clarkson, A, Sioson, L, Clarke, S, Mead, S, Walters, RJ, Clendenning, M, Rosty, C, Young, JP, Win, AK, Hopper, JL, Crook, A, von Deimling, A, Jenkins, MA, Buchanan, DD & Gill, AJ 2013, 'BRAFV600E Immunohistochemistry Facilitates Universal Screening of Colorectal Cancers for Lynch Syndrome', American Journal of Surgical Pathology, vol. 37, no. 10, pp. 1592-1602.
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Trevena, JA, Rogers, KD, Jorm, LR, Churches, T & Armstrong, B 2013, 'Quantifying under-reporting of pathology tests in Medical Benefits Schedule claims data', AUSTRALIAN HEALTH REVIEW, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 649-653.
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Objective We investigated the completeness of recording of pathology tests in Australian Medical Benefits Schedule (MBS) claims data, using the example of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. With some exceptions, MBS claims data records only the three most expensive pathology items in an episode of care, and this practice ('episode coning') means that pathology tests can be under-recorded. Methods The analysis used MBS data for male participants in the 45 and Up Study. The number and cost of items in each episode of care were used to determine whether an episode contained a PSA screening test (Item 66655), or could have lacked a record of this item because of episode coning. Results MBS data for 1070392 episodes involving a request for a pathology test for 118074 men were analysed. Of these episodes, 11% contained a request for a PSA test; a further 7.5% may have been missing a PSA request that was not recorded because of episode coning. Conclusions It is important to consider under-reporting of pathology tests as a result of episode coning when interpreting MBS claims data. Episode coning creates uncertainty about whether a person has received any given pathology test. The extent of this uncertainty can be estimated by determining the proportion of episodes in which the test may have been performed but was not recorded due to episode coning. What is known about the topic Medical Benefits Schedule (MBS) claims data are a key resource for Australian health researchers. What does this paper add We investigated a feature of MBS claims data known as episode coning, which may cause some pathology tests to be under-reported. Using the example of requests for PSA tests, we estimated the uncertainty in the amount of use of PSA tests introduced by episode coning. What are the implications for practitioners Researchers using MBS data to identify use of specific pathology tests need to be aware of under-reporting caused by episode coning, and to estimate and report th...

Turbitt, E, Amor, DJ, Halliday, JL & Metcalfe, SA 2013, 'Considerations for Reporting Genome Results to Patients', Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 82-82.
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Turbitt, E, Halliday, JL & Metcalfe, SA 2013, 'Key Informants’ Perspectives of Implementing Chromosomal Microarrays Into Clinical Practice in Australia', Twin Research and Human Genetics, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 833-839.
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High-resolution genomic tests have the potential to revolutionize healthcare by vastly improving mutation detection. The use of chromosomal microarray (CMA) represents one of the earliest examples of these new genomic tests being introduced and disseminated in the clinic. While CMA has clear advantages over traditional karyotyping in terms of mutation detection, little research has investigated the process by which CMA was implemented in clinical settings. Fifteen key informants, six clinicians, and nine laboratory scientists from four Australian states were interviewed about their experiences during and in the time since CMA was adopted for clinical use. Participants discussed challenges such as result interpretation and communication. Strengths were also highlighted, including the collaborative approaches of some centers. Clinical experiences and opinions can inform larger studies with a range of stakeholders, including patients. The historical perspectives from this retrospective study can be helpful in guiding the implementation of future genomic technologies such as whole exome/genome sequencing.

van den Berg, T, Heymans, MW, Leone, SS, Vergouw, D, Hayden, JA, Verhagen, AP & de Vet, HCW 2013, 'Overview of data-synthesis in systematic reviews of studies on outcome prediction models', BMC Medical Research Methodology, vol. 13, no. 1.
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van der Velden, A, Duerden, M, Bell, J, Oxford, J, Altiner, A, Kozlov, R, Sessa, A, Pignatari, A & Essack, S 2013, 'Prescriber and Patient Responsibilities in Treatment of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections — Essential for Conservation of Antibiotics', Antibiotics, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 316-327.
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Inappropriate antibiotic use in normally self-limiting acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs), such as sore throat and the common cold, is a global problem and an important factor for increasing levels of antibiotic resistance. A new group of international experts-the Global Respiratory Infection Partnership (GRIP)-is committed to addressing this issue, with the interface between primary care practitioners and their patients as their core focus. To combat the overuse of antibiotics in the community, and facilitate a change from prescribing empiric antibiotic treatment towards cautious deferment combined with symptomatic relief, there is a need to introduce and enhance evidence-based dialogue between primary care practitioners and their patients. Communication with patients should focus on the de-medicalisation of self-limiting viral infections, which can be achieved via a coherent globally endorsed framework outlining the rationale for appropriate antibiotic use in acute RTIs in the context of antibiotic stewardship and conservancy. The planned framework is intended to be adaptable at a country level to reflect local behaviours, cultures and healthcare systems, and has the potential to serve as a model for change in other therapeutic areas. © 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

van der Velden, AW, Bell, J, Sessa, A, Duerden, M & Altiner, A 2013, 'Sore throat: effective communication delivers improved diagnosis, enhanced self-care and more rational use of antibiotics', International Journal of Clinical Practice, vol. 67, no. s180, pp. 10-16.
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The majority of throat infections are of viral origin and resolve without antibiotic treatment. Despite this, antibiotic use for sore throat infections remains high, partly because it is difficult to determine when antibiotics may be useful, on the basis

van Middelkoop, M, M. Rubinstein, S, Verhagen, A, Ostelo, R, W. Koes, B & van Tulder, M 2013, 'Effectiveness of exercise therapy for chronic non-specific low back pain', pp. 171-183.
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van Middelkoop, M, Rubinstein, SM, Ostelo, R, van Tulder, MW, Peul, W, Koes, BW & Verhagen, AP 2013, 'Surgery versus conservative care for neck pain: a systematic review', European Spine Journal, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 87-95.
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Verhagen, A & Koes, B 2013, 'De Kackadorisprijs voor chiropractie: terecht of niet?', Huisarts en wetenschap, vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 316-316.
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Verhagen, AP, Bierma-Zeinstra, SMA, Burdorf, A, Stynes, SM, de Vet, HCW & Koes, BW 2013, 'Conservative interventions for treating work-related complaints of the arm, neck or shoulder in adults', Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, no. 12.
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Verhagen, AP, van Middelkoop, M, Rubinstein, SM, Ostelo, R, Jacobs, W, Peul, W, Koes, BW & van Tulder, MW 2013, 'Effect of various kinds of cervical spinal surgery on clinical outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Pain, vol. 154, no. 11, pp. 2388-2396.
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Verwoerd, AJH, Luijsterburg, PAJ, Lin, CC, Jacobs, WCH, Koes, BW & Verhagen, AP 2013, 'Systematic review of prognostic factors predicting outcome in non‐surgically treated patients with sciatica', European Journal of Pain, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 1126-1137.
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AbstractIdentification of prognostic factors for surgery in patients with sciatica is important to be able to predict surgery in an early stage. Identification of prognostic factors predicting persistent pain, disability and recovery are important for better understanding of the clinical course, to inform patient and physician and support decision making. Consequently, we aimed to systematically review prognostic factors predicting outcome in non‐surgically treated patients with sciatica. A search of Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Cinahl, up to March 2012 was performed for prospective cohort studies on prognostic factors for non‐surgically treated sciatica. Two reviewers independently selected studies for inclusion and assessed the risk of bias. Outcomes were pain, disability, recovery and surgery. A best evidence synthesis was carried out in order to assess and summarize the data. The initial search yielded 4392 articles of which 23 articles reporting on 14 original cohorts met the inclusion criteria. High clinical, methodological and statistical heterogeneity among studies was found. Reported evidence regarding prognostic factors predicting the outcome in sciatica is limited. The majority of factors that have been evaluated, e.g., age, body mass index, smoking and sensory disturbance, showed no association with outcome. The only positive association with strong evidence was found for leg pain intensity at baseline as prognostic factor for subsequent surgery.

Walton, DM 2013, 'An Overview of Systematic Reviews on Prognostic Factors in Neck Pain: Results from the International Collaboration on Neck Pain (ICON) Project', The Open Orthopaedics Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 494-505.
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Given the challenges of chronic musculoskeletal pain and disability, establishing a clear prognosis in the acute stage has become increasingly recognized as a valuable approach to mitigate chronic problems. Neck pain represents a condition that is common, potentially disabling, and has a high rate of transition to chronic or persistent problems. As a field of research, prognosis in neck pain has stimulated several empirical primary research papers, and a number of systematic reviews. As part of the International Consensus on Neck (ICON) project, we sought to establish the general state of knowledge in the area through a structured, systematic review of systematic reviews (overview). An exhaustive search strategy was created and employed to identify the 13 systematic reviews (SRs) that served as the primary data sources for this overview. A decision algorithm for data synthesis, which incorporated currency of the SR, risk of bias assessment of the SRs using AMSTAR scoring and consistency of findings across SRs, determined the level of confidence in the risk profile of 133 different variables. The results provide high confidence that baseline neck pain intensity and baseline disability have a strong association with outcome, while angular deformities of the neck and parameters of the initiating trauma have no effect on outcome. A vast number of predictors provide low or very low confidence or inconclusive results, suggesting there is still much work to be done in this field. Despite the presence of multiple SR and this overview, there is insufficient evidence to make firm conclusions on many potential prognostic variables. This study demonstrates the challenges in conducting overviews on prognosis where clear synthesis critieria and a lack of specifics of primary data in SR are barriers.

Wootton, BM, Dear, BF, Johnston, L, Terides, MD & Titov, N 2013, 'Remote treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial', Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 375-384.
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Worrall, LE, Howe, T, O'Callaghan, A, Hill, AJ, Rose, M, Wallace, SJ, Rose, T, Brown, K, Power, E, O'Halloran, R & Rohde, A 2013, 'The World Report on Disability as a blueprint for international, national, and local aphasia services', International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 106-112.
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You, J, Hodge, C, Wen, L, McAvoy, JW, Madigan, MC & Sutton, G 2013, 'Tear levels of SFRP1 are significantly reduced in keratoconus patients.', Mol Vis, vol. 19, pp. 509-xxx.
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PURPOSE: To measure secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) levels in human tears and to investigate tear SFRP1 as a potential biomarker for keratoconus (KC). METHODS: Tears were collected from control (n = 33) and KC patients (n = 33) using micropipette tubes. Total tear protein was measured using a FluoroProfile Protein Quantification kit. An in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure SFRP1 in control and KC tears. Statistical analyses of age, gender, the association of SFRP1, and total tear protein with KC were conducted. RESULTS: Tear SFRP1 was significantly decreased in KC, compared to age-matched controls (3.41 ng/μl ± 3.12 versus 5.55 ng/μl ± 5.62, respectively; p = 0.039). Conversely, total tear protein was significantly increased in KC, compared to age-matched controls (12.38 μg/μl ± 4.76 versus 9.40 μg/μl ± 3.88, respectively; p = 0.038). The ratio of SFRP1/total tear protein was also found to be significantly decreased in the KC group (p = 0.007). No significant association between tear SFRP1 and total tear protein was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Tear SFRP1 was significantly decreased in age-matched KC versus control patients, and may be further reduced in moderate KC. Tear-SFRP1 levels alone do not provide an obvious biomarker for KC; however, our results provide further evidence that tear-protein profiles are altered in KC, and suggest the involvement of SFRPs in the pathogenesis of KC.

Golzan, M, Morgan, W & Graham, S 1970, 'Retinal venous pulsatility is reduced in regions of nerve fibre layer loss in glaucoma', INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE, ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC.

Gregoire, J-P, Gross, R, Lauzier, S, Choudry, N & Pont, L 1970, 'Looking for Efficient Solutions to Optimize Adherence to Drug Treatment: The Clinical, Health Services Research and Economics Perspectives', PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, WILEY-BLACKWELL, pp. 209-209.

Haghi, M, Traini, D, Bebawy, M & Young, P 1970, 'Uptake of Salmeterol Xinafoate and Fluticasone Propionate from Single and Combination Dry Powder Inhalers After Deposition on Calu-3 Respiratory Epithelia.', Respiratory Drug Delivery Europe 2013, Respiratory Drug Delivery, Berlin, Germany, pp. 445-448.

Mehta, P, Claydon, L, Hendrick, P, Mani, R & Baxter, D 1970, 'Patient-reported outcome measures (Pain and Physical Functioning) used in Neuropathic Pain population: A systematic review of psychometric properties', Pain in Europe VIII, European Federation of IASP® Chapters (EFIC), Florence, Italy.

Pont, LG, Cheng, A, Stevens, G & McLachlan, AJ 1970, 'Warfarin Safety in a Residential Aged Care Setting', PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, WILEY-BLACKWELL, pp. 16-16.

Pont, LG, Jomaa, H, Stevens, G & McLachlan, AJ 1970, 'Non-Prescription Medicines - The Missing Pieces of the Drug Utilization Puzzle', PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, WILEY-BLACKWELL, pp. 487-487.

Rose, K, French, A, Mitchell, P & Morgan, I 1970, 'The role of time outdoors on the progression of refractive error in Australian children', INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE, The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Annual Meeting, ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC.