Publications

Menzies, RG & Menzies, RE 2019, Tales from the Valley of Death Reflections from Psychotherapy on the Fear of Death, Australian Academic Press, Australia.
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These intimate personal tales reveal fears ranging from sudden death by fire to assassins in the shadows, from anaphylactic shock to a multitude of diseases, from being attacked by dinosaurs lurking in kitchen cupboards to being pushed off ...

Abbott, M & Norton, A 2019, 'Negative automatic thoughts and mental health: Building on Wenzlaff, Wegner and Klein (1991)' in Clinical Psychology: Revisiting the Classic Studies, Sage.

Garcia-Cardenas, V, Rossing, C & Benrimoj, SI 2019, 'Pharmaceutical Care and Implementation Strategies' in The Pharmacist Guide to Implementing Pharmaceutical Care, Springer International Publishing, Germany, pp. 203-212.
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Implementation of pharmaceutical care through professional pharmacy services is a complex process, in which multilevel implementation factors interact and affect implementation processes and outcomes. This process has traditionally been approached in an ad hoc manner, and assuming that positive benefits and diffusion of information through key stakeholders would ensure the service’s integration into routine practice. It is now known that this traditional approach is not sufficient to effectively integrate innovations into routine practice of pharmacy, and that more complex, tailored, and evidence-based approaches are needed. The application of implementation science to the implementation of professional pharmacy services will facilitate this complex process and will assist in ensuring their long-term sustainability.

Klein, WMP, Biesecker, BB & Turbitt, E 2019, 'Judgment and Decision Making in Genome Sequencing' in Clinical Genome Sequencing, Elsevier, pp. 57-73.
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© 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Genome sequencing involves a host of decisions on the part of the provider and client, including whether to be tested, when and how to receive sequencing results, whether to inform biological relatives, and whether to take protective actions to reduce risk. In this chapter, we consider the relevance of research in the decision sciences to decisions in the genome sequencing context. We review the role of cognitive factors (e.g., use of heuristics, low numeracy), affective factors (e.g., incidental emotions, affective forecasting), and motivational factors (e.g., regarding oneself positively, adhering to social norms) in judgment and decision-making. In so doing, we consider how knowledge of these factors might inform practice toward the end of improving preference-based decision-making regarding the results of genome sequencing.

Lowe, R & O'Brian, S 2019, 'Posttreatment Relapse in Stuttering' in Damico, JS & Ball, MJ (eds), The SAGE encyclopedia of human communication sciences and disorders, SAGE Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 1437-1438.
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Lowe, R & O'Brian, S 2019, 'Stuttering and Adolescence' in Damico, JS & Ball, MJ (eds), The SAGE encyclopedia of human communication sciences and disorders, SAGE Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 1852-1855.
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Lowe, R, Carey, B, Amato Maguire, M & Onslow, M 2019, 'Designing therapy for adolescents' in Tomaiuoli, D (ed), Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Stuttering, Erickson, Trento, Italy, pp. 234-235.

Odgaard, L, Harsløf, I & Stubbs, P 2019, 'Return to Work After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Diverse Labour Market and Welfare State Contexts' in Harslof, I, Poulsen, I & Larsen, K (eds), New Dynamics of Disability and Rehabilitation: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore, pp. 145-170.
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This chapter reviews the rates and predictors of return to work (RTW) after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Denmark, and compares RTW rates across numerous countries. While differences can be attributed to a multitude of methodological differences, including how RTW is defined and the type of data available, we argue that countries can be roughly categorized in terms of RTW performance. The comparative assessment discusses studies from Northern European countries representing social democratic (Denmark and Norway) and conservative-corporatist models (France and the Netherlands), as well as available data from a liberal welfare state overseas (USA). Complementing studies from these Global North countries, a study from Brazil is also included. The analysis reveals that RTW is lower in Denmark and Norway compared to other countries. One plausible explanation is that the welfare state institutional setting partly exempts employers from responsibilities towards job seekers with disabilities. We address the RTW challenges for severe TBI survivors in the context of inappropriate work opportunities and an increasing requirement for highly skilled workers in the labour market. Finally, we propose potential strategies for Nordic countries to improve RTW outcomes after severe TBI.

Onslow, M, Menzies, R, Packman, A, Lowe, R & O'Brian, S 2019, 'Back to the future: A virtual clinic for stuttering' in Tomaiuoli, D (ed), Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Stuttering, Erickson, Trento, Italy, pp. 163-171.
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Stuttering is a global health problem, and there are not enough speech-language pathologists to provide treatment services for all those in the world who are affected by the disorder. We went to the future and saw the ultimate solution; internet driven treatments for stuttering that do notneed a speech-language pathologist or a clinical psychologist. Clinical trials are now underway for four internet driven treatments, and the future of stuttering treatment is a wonderful place to be.

Rossing, C, Benrimoj, SI & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2019, 'Implementation of Pharmaceutical Care in Community Setting' in The Pharmacist Guide to Implementing Pharmaceutical Care, Springer International Publishing, Germany, pp. 213-223.
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Pharmaceutical care services in primary care have been an area of research from the initial definitions in the early 1990s. The research has resulted in a range of evidence-based services delivered in primary care setting, from the community pharmacies and by the pharmacy workforce. Research has also been focusing on the implementation in community pharmacy practice, taking into account the change in perception of the pharmacy that is needed to deliver pharmaceutical care services. In many countries, pharmaceutical care services are remunerated and to a some extent are delivered to the public, although there is still an implementation gap between what is the potential of service delivery and what is actually delivered. The services are implemented in primary care, primarily delivered by the community pharmacy confirming the role of the community pharmacy in the primary healthcare system.

Ryan, B, Worrall, L, Sekhon, J, Baker, C, Carragher, M, Bohan, J, Power, E, Rose, M, Simmons-Mackie, N, Togher, L & Kneebone, I 2019, 'Time to step up' in Psychotherapy and Aphasia, Routledge, pp. 1-16.
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Wadhwa, R, Aggarwal, T, Thapliyal, N, Chellappan, DK, Gupta, G, Gulati, M, Collet, T, Oliver, B, Williams, K, Hansbro, PM, Dua, K & Maurya, PK 2019, 'Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder and Asthma' in Nanotechnology in Modern Animal Biotechnology, Elsevier, The Netherlands, pp. 59-73.
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Pulmonary diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma affect millions of people all over the world. Conventional treatment methodologies are not sufficient to cure or prevent the disease. With the advent of nanotechnology, drug delivery to specific target site is still challenging, but targeted delivery can be achieved by physiochemical properties of the nanoparticles. Delivery of nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, and others has been extensively studied for successful delivery by inhalation and aerosols. Several factors such as size, density, surface, and physical-chemical properties of nanoparticle are essential to cross airway barriers. In this chapter, different nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery systems have been highlighted along with their applications and toxicity in COPD and asthma.

Wadhwa, R, Shukla, SD, Chellappan, DK, Gupta, G, Collet, T, Hansbro, N, Oliver, B, Williams, K, Hansbro, PM, Dua, K & Maurya, PK 2019, 'Phytotherapy in Inflammatory Lung Diseases: An Emerging Therapeutic Interventional Approach' in Phytochemistry: An in-silico and in-vitro Update, Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp. 331-347.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are the most common inflammatory respiratory diseases related to an increase in mortality and morbidity. Generally, bronchodilators, ß- agonists, anticholinergics and theophylline used for treatment in these conditions and administered by inhalation for delivery, have localized and systematic effects. The adverse effects are due to pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic changes and especially drug-drug and drug-disease interactions. However, phytotherapy is classical and widespread throughout the world for the treatment of ailments. This chapter highlights cellular and molecular mediators involved in COPD and asthma, the shortcomings of current therapies and the emerging need of phytomedicines. Phytomedicine supports respiratory physiology, bronchial action and possesses antioxidants to maintain homeostasis.

Abdelraheem, M, McAloon, J & Shand, F 2019, 'Mediating and moderating variables in the prediction of self-harm in young people: A systematic review of prospective longitudinal studies', Journal of Affective Disorders, vol. 246, pp. 14-28.
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© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Background: : Self-harm is widespread amongst young people. A growing body of research has explored factors that predict self-harm in young people, however, a systematic review of mediators and moderators of those factors has not yet been offered. This review aims to fill this gap by synthesising research about mediators and moderators of factors that prospectively predict self-harm in young people. Method: : A systematic review of research trials published up until 2018 was undertaken. Electronic databases Scopus (Elsevier), CINAHL, PsychINFO (EBSCO) and Medline were searched. Included studies utilised prospective longitudinal designs with participants aged 25 years or younger and self-harm outcome measures with published or reported psychometric properties. The aim of the review was to identify mediators and moderators of factors that predict self-harm in young people. Results: : Of the 25 studies that met inclusion criteria, 22 reported at least one positive finding of a mediator or moderator. Specifically, 15 significant mediators and 20 significant moderators were identified in relation to a broad range of predictors of self-harm. Predictors were classified as adverse childhood experiences and parenting factors, psychological and psychiatric factors, social factors and intrapersonal factors. A number of potentially modifiable mediators and moderators were identified including interpersonal difficulties, impulsivity, self-esteem and self-compassion. Gender was the most commonly reported moderator. Limitations: : Included studies were assessed as limited by the heterogeneity of the mediators and moderators assessed, and by methodological factors including study durations, population characteristics, and the definition and assessment of self-harm. In addition, replication research was limited. Therefore it was difficult to integrate results and draw firm conclusions. Conclusions: : This review allowed us to explore diverse relatio...

Ahumada-Canale, A, Quirland, C, Martinez-Mardones, FJ, Plaza-Plaza, JC, Benrimoj, S & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2019, 'Economic evaluations of pharmacist-led medication review in outpatients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidaemia: a systematic review', The European Journal of Health Economics, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 1103-1116.
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OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the health economics evidence based on randomized controlled trials of pharmacist-led medication review in pharmacotherapy managed cardiovascular disease risk factors, specifically, hypertension, type-2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia in ambulatory settings and to provide recommendations for future evaluations. METHODS:A systematic review was carried out according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Science, National Health System Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED), Cochrane Library, and Econlit were searched and screened by two independent authors. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was the main outcome. Risk of bias was assessed with the Effective Practice and Organisation of Care tool by the Cochrane Collaboration. Economic evaluation quality was assessed with the he Consensus Health Economic Criteria list (CHEC list). RESULTS:5636 records were found, and 174 were retrieved for full-text review yielding 11 articles. Eight articles deemed the intervention as cost effective and two as dominant. Two cost-utility analyses were performed yielding ICERs of $612.7 and $59.8 per QALY. Four articles were considered to perform a high-quality economic evaluation and four had a low risk of bias. Future economic evaluations should consider cost-utility analysis, to describe usual care thoroughly, and use time horizons that capture the effect of cardiovascular disease prevention, a societal perspective and uncertainty analysis. CONCLUSION:Pharmacist-led medication review has proven to be cost effective in various studies in different settings. Policy decision makers are advised to undertake local economic evaluations reflecting the gaps observed in this systematic review and published literature. If this is not possible, a transferability assessment should be conducted.

Aldryhim, AY, Alomair, A, Alqhtani, M, Mahmoud, MA, Alshammari, TM, Pont, LG, Kamal, KM, Aljadhey, H, Mekonnen, AB, Alwhaibi, M, Balkhi, B & Alhawassi, TM 2019, 'Factors that facilitate reporting of adverse drug reactions by pharmacists in Saudi Arabia', Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 745-752.
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Objectives: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a pervasive global problem, and its management is integral to patient safety and healthcare quality. Pharmacists play a pivotal role in monitoring and reporting ADRs, which has a direct impact on patient care. The aim of this study was to identify potential factors that facilitate pharmacists in community and hospital settings to report ADRs. Methods: A cross-sectional, online survey using a validated questionnaire was administered to pharmacists working in community and hospital pharmacies in Saudi Arabia. Results: 1,717 community and 153 hospital pharmacists participated in this study. Only 10.2% and 26.8% of community and hospital pharmacists, respectively, admitted ever reporting an ADR. The most reported factors that may facilitate ADRs reporting have included ongoing improvements in therapeutic knowledge about ADRs, attending educational programs with continuous medical education credits, the seriousness of the experienced ADRs and accessibility to patients' medical profile. The impact of peers by seeing colleagues reporting ADRs and ADRs due to herbal or traditional medicine were the least important factors reported by pharmacists. Conclusion: The study identified factors that can effectively address the under-reporting of ADRs by pharmacists. A multi-stakeholder, multi-pronged approach of ADR reporting is needed to develop greater awareness of this issue among pharmacists.

Allen, CG, Fohner, AE, Landry, L, Paul, J, Smith, SG, Turbitt, E & Roberts, MC 2019, 'Early career investigators and precision public health', The Lancet, vol. 394, no. 10196, pp. 382-383.
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Allen, CG, Fohner, AE, Landry, L, Paul, JL, Smith, SG, Turbitt, E & Roberts, MC 2019, 'Perspectives From Early Career Investigators Who Are “Staying in the Game” of Precision Public Health Research', American Journal of Public Health, vol. 109, no. 9, pp. 1186-1187.
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Aly, M, García-Cárdenas, V, Williams, KA & Benrimoj, SI 2019, 'A qualitative study of stakeholder views and experiences of minor ailment services in the United Kingdom', Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 496-504.
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© 2018 Elsevier Inc. Background: An international strategy designed to promote access to primary care is the utilisation of community pharmacy to deliver structured minor ailment services (MASs). An understanding of key implementation features of MASs will support effective service delivery and implementation, promote MAS viability, sustainability and overall improvement. Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the views and experiences of a range of stakeholders concerning the implementation of MASs in the United Kingdom. Methods: A qualitative approach was used to obtain data. Participants were recruited using purposeful and snowball sampling. Stakeholders from five different regions were included. Using the digital recordings of the interviews, thematic content analysis was undertaken. Results: Thirty-three participants agreed to be interviewed. Twenty-nine semi-structured interviews were conducted. Thematic content analysis yielded three major themes, including (1)benefits of MASs, (2)structural challenges associated with MAS design and (3)other implementation factors associated with MAS delivery. Stakeholders recognised the positive impact of the service to improve patient access and care, promote efficiencies, and promote the professional role of the pharmacist. Nevertheless barriers do exist to service delivery and implementation. Stakeholders identified the need to potentially increase the population groups served by MASs, increase the conditions treated and widen their formulary lists. Similarly, marketing strategies needed to be improved to enhance consumer awareness. Stakeholders presented mixed views about whether pharmacists needed to complete clinical training and the need to increase pharmacist's remuneration. In addition the level of healthcare collaboration needed to improve. Conclusion: Several concepts emerged from the investigation to facilitate service delivery. Barriers to service implementation had a variable impact on implementa...

Andrews, S & Veldre, A 2019, 'What is the most plausible account of the role of parafoveal processing in reading?', Language and Linguistics Compass, vol. 13, no. 7.
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AbstractOnline reading requires exquisitely precise coordination of the oculomotor processes involved in extracting and integrating information from both the word currently fixated in foveal vision and upcoming words in the parafovea. Parafoveal preview effects, assessed using the gaze‐contingent boundary paradigm, provide a rich source of evidence about the extent and depth of processing conducted on upcoming parafoveal words and how it contributes to reading. This review focuses on recent demonstrations of plausibility preview effects which provide strong evidence that readers extract semantic information from parafoveal words and that newly identified words are rapidly and incrementally integrated with the developing representation of the sentence to generate graded predictions about potential plausible continuations. Individual differences in the quality of skilled readers' lexical representations, indexed by the combination of reading and spelling ability, determine how semantic and contextual information extracted from parafoveal words influences oculomotor control. This evidence has important implications for theories of eye‐movement control in online reading.

Bailey, PE & Leon, T 2019, 'A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN TRUST', Innovation in Aging, vol. 3, no. Supplement_1, pp. S477-S477.
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Abstract This systematic review and meta-analysis quantifies the magnitude and breadth of age-related differences in trust. Thirty-eight independent data sets met criteria for inclusion. Overall, there was a moderate effect of age group on trust (g = 0.22), whereby older adults were more trusting than young adults. Three additional meta-analyses assessed age-related differences in trust in response to varying degrees of trustworthiness. This revealed that older adults were more trusting than young adults in response to neutral (g = 0.31) and negative (g = 0.33), but not positive (g = 0.15), indicators of trustworthiness. The effect of age group on trust in response to positive and neutral cues was moderated by type of trust (financial vs. non-financial) and type of responding (self-report vs. behavioral). Older adults were more trusting than young adults in response to positive and neutral indicators of trustworthiness when trust was expressed non-financially, but not financially. There was also an age-related increase in self-reported, but not behavioral, trust in response to neutral cues. Older adults were more trusting than young adults in response to negative indicators of trustworthiness regardless of the type of trust or type of responding. The reliability of information about trustworthiness (superficial vs. genuine cues) did not moderate any effects of age on trust. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.

Bailey, PE, Petridis, K, McLennan, SN, Ruffman, T & Rendell, PG 2019, 'Age-Related Preservation of Trust Following Minor Transgressions', The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 74-81.
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Bancroft, EK, Saya, S, Page, EC, Myhill, K, Thomas, S, Pope, J, Chamberlain, A, Hart, R, Glover, W, Cook, J, Rosario, DJ, Helfand, BT, Hutten Selkirk, C, Davidson, R, Longmuir, M, Eccles, DM, Gadea, N, Brewer, C, Barwell, J, Salinas, M, Greenhalgh, L, Tischkowitz, M, Henderson, A, Evans, DG, Buys, SS, Eeles, RA & Aaronson, NK 2019, 'Psychosocial impact of undergoing prostate cancer screening for men with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations', BJU International, vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 284-292.
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ObjectivesTo report the baseline results of a longitudinal psychosocial study that forms part of the IMPACT study, a multi‐national investigation of targeted prostate cancer (PCa) screening among men with a known pathogenic germline mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes.Particpants and MethodsMen enrolled in the IMPACT study were invited to complete a questionnaire at collaborating sites prior to each annual screening visit. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics and the following measures: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Impact of Event Scale (IES), 36‐item short‐form health survey (SF‐36), Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer, Cancer Worry Scale‐Revised, risk perception and knowledge. The results of the baseline questionnaire are presented.ResultsA total of 432 men completed questionnaires: 98 and 160 had mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, respectively, and 174 were controls (familial mutation negative). Participants’ perception of PCa risk was influenced by genetic ...

Benson, H, Lucas, C, Benrimoj, SI & Williams, KA 2019, 'The development of a role description and competency map for pharmacists in an interprofessional care setting', International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 391-407.
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Background Pharmacists are increasingly being included as members of general practice primary care teams. To date, there have been few published studies describing the competencies of general practice (GP) pharmacists and establishing their subsequent educational needs. Aim of the review The aim of this literature review is to establish the activities of pharmacists in general practice to inform the development of a comprehensive role description and competency map. Method A systematic literature search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, international pharmaceutical abstracts and the Cochrane database of systematic reviews was conducted from the start of the databases to August 2018. The search focused on studies investigating the roles performed by GP pharmacists. Full text peer-reviewed English language articles were included. A qualitative content analysis of included studies was performed. Two researchers reviewed studies to identify pharmacist roles. Subcategories of roles were then agreed by the research team and used to present the data. GP pharmacist's activities were mapped by two researchers to associated competencies. Any discrepancies between role descriptions and competency maps were resolved in consultation with a third member of the research team. Results The search conducted resulted in 5370 potential articles. Two hundred and twenty-seven full text articles were selected for review resulting in 34 articles that were included for analysis. Seven GP pharmacist role sub-categories and 48 GP pharmacist individual roles were identified. The seven GP pharmacist role sub-categories included medication management, patient examination and screening, chronic disease management, drug information and education, collaboration and liaison, audit and quality assurance and research. All FIP competency domains were included in the GP pharmacist competency map. Competencies related to compounding, dispensing and packaging of medications were not found relevant to the GP Pharmaci...

Best, M, Butow, P, Juraskova, I, Savard, J, Meiser, B, Goldstein, D, Ballinger, M, Jacobs, C, Bartley, N, Davies, G, Thomas, D, Biesecker, B, Tucker, K, Schlub, TE & Newson, A 2019, 'Advanced cancer patient preferences for return of molecular profiling results', ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, vol. 15, pp. 92-92.

Best, MC, Bartley, N, Jacobs, C, Juraskova, I, Goldstein, D, Newson, AJ, Savard, J, Meiser, B, Ballinger, M, Napier, C, Thomas, D, Biesecker, B & Butow, P 2019, 'Patient perspectives on molecular tumor profiling: “Why wouldn’t you?”', BMC Cancer, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 753-753.
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© 2019 The Author(s). Aim: This study explored the attitudes of patients with advanced cancer towards MTP and return of results, prior to undergoing genomic testing within a research program. Methods: Participants were recruited as part of the longitudinal PiGeOn (Psychosocial Issues in Genomics in Oncology) study involving patients with advanced/metastatic solid cancer who had exhausted therapeutic options and who were offered MTP in order to identify cognate therapies. Twenty patients, selected by purposive sampling, were interviewed around the time they gave consent to MTP. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Themes identified in the transcripts were cross-validated via qualitative responses to the PiGeOn study survey (n = 569; 63%). Results: All interviewed participants gave consent to MTP without reservation. Three themes were identified and further supported via the survey responses: (1) Obvious agreement to participate, primarily because of desire for new treatments and altruism. (2) The black box - while participant knowledge of genomics was generally poor, faith in their oncologists and the scientific process encouraged them to proceed with testing; and (3) Survival is the priority - receiving treatment to prolong life was the priority for all participants, and other issues such as identification of a germline variant were generally seen as ancillary. Conclusion: Having advanced cancer seemed to abrogate any potential concerns about MTP. Participants valued the research for varied reasons, but this was secondary to their priority to survive. While no negative attitudes toward MTP emerged, limitations in understanding of genomics were evident.

Bhattarai, P, Newton-John, TRO & Phillips, JL 2019, 'Feasibility evaluation of a pain self-management app-based intervention among older people living with arthritic pain: study protocol', Pilot and Feasibility Studies, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 57-57.
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Background: Optimal management of chronic arthritic pain experienced by older adults involves applying active self-management strategies every day. Cost-effective and innovative strategies to help build older people's pain self-management capability are required. This study protocol is designed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of a pain self-management app among older people living in the community with arthritic pain. Methods/design: This is a phase I feasibility study. A pre-post test study design will be used to trial a freely available pain self-management app named Rheumatoid Arthritis Information Support and Education ('RAISE') for 14 days. Thirty community-dwelling older people living with arthritic pain who use a smartphone will be recruited from (1) various community-based social clubs/organizations/groups or (2) via Facebook groups with potentially high number of older members. In addition, snowballing sampling approach will also be utilized.These participants will trial the RAISE app, which was selected following a systematic evaluation of all available chronic pain apps by the investigator team. A face-to-face or telephone-based meeting will be organized with all consenting participants in order to seek their informed consent, download and set up the intervention app on their mobile device, be provided with app training, and complete the pre-test data (Time 1 (T1)). Participants will be asked to use the RAISE app as desired for 14 days. Post-test data collection (Time 2 (T2)) will occur on day 15. Data collected includes participant's demographic and clinical information, pain scores, pain self-efficacy, and online technology self-efficacy. Participants will be invited to take part in a semi-structured telephone interview at T2 to explore their experiences of using the app.An evaluation of patterns of app use, recruitment, retention, attrition rates, and analysis of the missing data will inform the study a...

Bier, JD, Scholten-Peeters, WGM, Staal, JB, Pool, J, van Tulder, MW, Beekman, E, Knoop, J, Meerhoff, G & Verhagen, AP 2019, 'Author Response', Physical Therapy, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 120-120.
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Blake, HL & McLeod, S 2019, 'Speech-language pathologists’ support for multilingual speakers’ English intelligibility and participation informed by the ICF', Journal of Communication Disorders, vol. 77, pp. 56-70.
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PURPOSE:To use the ICF to classify characteristics and aspirations of multilingual university students and faculty who seek speech-language pathologists' support for intelligibility in English and to identify activities, facilitators, and barriers that impact participation in society. METHOD:A retrospective record review was conducted on files of 175 clients attending a university clinic for intelligibility enhancement (accent modification). Participants came from 35 countries and spoke 28 different home languages. RESULTS:Assessment and intervention for intelligibility enhancement involved consideration of ICF components of Body Functions and Structures (e.g., articulating phonemes, rate, prosody), Environmental Factors (e.g., support), and Personal Factors (e.g., motivation). Consonant substitutions and deletions were common, although participants were often unaware of these. For example, only 25.6% of participants reported English dental fricatives (/θ/ and /ð/) were difficult to pronounce; however, 94.9% substituted them with other phonemes such as [t] and [d]. The combination of substitutions/deletions, fast speech rate, low speaking volume, and differences in word stress exacerbated poor intelligibility. More time conversing in English was associated with greater confidence and less difficulty communicating in English, although more time knowing English was not. Difficult communication situations were reported to be conversing over the phone, talking to strangers, and communicating in English on professional fieldwork placements. Participants were motivated to seek intelligibility enhancement for academic, employment, and social reasons. CONCLUSIONS:To ensure multilingual speakers are able to participate fully in society, intelligibility enhancement requires a multi-pronged approach where speech and environmental characteristics interweave.

Blake, HL, Bennetts Kneebone, L & McLeod, S 2019, 'The impact of oral English proficiency on humanitarian migrants’ experiences of settling in Australia', International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 689-705.
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© 2017, © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Key drivers for migrants’ social integration are education, employment, and skills in the dominant language of the settlement country. Data from Building a New Life in Australia: The Longitudinal Study of Humanitarian Migrants were used to examine migrants’ English proficiency and how oral English proficiency facilitated or hindered participation in activities that may help them become self-sufficient and settle. Participants were 2399 humanitarian migrants interviewed in the first wave of data collection (during 2013/14). Before arrival in Australia, 80.1% reported they spoke English not well or not at all. After arrival, oral English proficiency was a statistically significant predictor of self-sufficiency (knowing how to look for a job, get help in an emergency, etc.) explaining 21% of the variance while controlling for confounding variables such as age and education. After English proficiency, age (neither too young nor too old), gender (male), education (more than 12 years), and time since arrival (more than one year) were significant predictors of self-sufficiency. Identification of factors that predict self-sufficiency informs the understanding of people who provide support for humanitarian migrants. These findings indicate poor oral English skills may profoundly hinder humanitarian migrants’ ability to settle and highlight the importance of supporting migrants’ English learning.

Brady, B, Kneebone, II & Bailey, PE 2019, 'Validation of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in older community‐dwelling adults', British Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 110-122.
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ObjectiveTo examine the psychometric properties of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) among a sample of older community‐dwelling males and females and to also assess gender differences in the association between emotion regulation and positive and negative affect.MethodThe ERQ and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule‐10 were administered to 252 older adults (age range 60–89 years; 48.4% female).ResultsThe two ERQ subscales, reappraisal and suppression, were internally consistent. Reappraisal was positively correlated with positive affect among both genders, and negatively correlated with negative affect among older women only. Suppression was positively correlated with negative affect among older men only and unrelated to positive affect for both genders. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a two‐factor solution fits the data from both genders.ConclusionThe results provide evidence to support the ERQ for use with older adults, while identifying clinically important gender differences in the associations between emotion regulation tendencies and affect in older age.Practitioner pointsReliability and validity of the 10‐item Emotion Regulation Questionnaire is supported for use among older adults.Suppression positively correlated with negative affect among older men but not older women.

Brady, B, Kneebone, II & Bailey, PE 2019, 'Validation of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults', Mindfulness, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 529-536.
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© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. The 24-item Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire – Short Form (FFMQ-SF) was developed to measure five facets of dispositional mindfulness: observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judgment of inner experience, and non-reactivity to inner experience. The FFMQ-SF is increasingly used with older adult populations, despite not having been appropriately validated for such use. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the FFMQ-SF among community-dwelling older adults (N = 210). The five subscales of the FFMQ-SF were found to be internally consistent. Convergent validity analyses revealed that all facets of mindfulness except observing were negatively correlated with negative affect, and all facets except for non-judgment were positively correlated with positive affect. Similarly, all facets except for non-judgment were positively correlated with cognitive reappraisal emotion regulation tendencies. Only describing, acting with awareness, and non-judgment were negatively correlated with expressive suppression tendencies. The original five-factor structure of the FFMQ-SF was supported by confirmatory factor analyses. The two-factor higher order structure of the FFMQ-SF was also supported. Overall, the results support the psychometric properties of the FFMQ-SF for use with older adult samples.

Breiholz, S, -Mammen, NG, Krueger, K, Schaefer, M & Schulz, M 2019, 'Acceptance of a medication refill reminder service in German community pharmacy practice.', Pharmazie, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 186-190.
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Medication refill reminder services (MRRS), having the potential to support the detection of non-adherence and to promote periodic medication refilling by addressing forgetfulness, are not generally available in community pharmacy practice. Based on a new software module, a MRRS was developed. The acceptance of this service was tested in community pharmacies in Germany. Patients were recruited by trained pharmacy staff. Supported by the software, the pharmacies reminded patients to refill their prescription. After 7 months, the service was evaluated by patients and pharmacy staff. The pharmacy owners/managers were interviewed. Ten pharmacies applied the service to 148 patients, with 806 refill reminders for 391 drugs. Seventy-five patients (50.7%) chose to be reminded by a phone call, followed by text message (n=25), and email (n=18). Of all patients, 75 (50.7%) completed the paper-based questionnaire. Sixty-eight (90.7%) rated the service as good or very good and 54 (72.0%) felt more satisfied with their pharmacy. Sixty-four patients (85.3%) considered the service as supportive and wanted to continue. Thirty-nine pharmacy staff members (61.9%) answered the online questionnaire. Twenty-four (61.5%) stated that they found it difficult to use and apply the MRRS; twenty-six (66.6%) experienced technical problems. The service was rated good by 16 (41.0%) pharmacy staff members. They regarded the service helpful for some patients and wanted to continue after the end of the study. The majority of the ten interviewed pharmacy owners/managers expressed the opinion that the service was not very suitable for increasing customer loyalty and not cost-effective. Nevertheless, six (60.0%) of them wanted to continue using the service. The MRRS seems to be feasible, apart from technical difficulties. Patients rated the service as supportive, and the personal contact seems to be of high importance; most patients would like to continue the service. However, offering the ...

Brunner, M, Palmer, S, Togher, L & Hemsley, B 2019, '‘I kind of figured it out’: the views and experiences of people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in using social media—self‐determination for participation and inclusion online', International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 221-233.
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AbstractBackgroundSocial media can support people with communication disability to access information, social participation and support. However, little is known about the experiences of people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who use social media to determine their needs in relation to social media use.AimsTo determine the views and experiences of adults with TBI and cognitive‐communication disability on using social media, specifically: (1) the nature of their social media experience; (2) barriers and facilitators to successful use; and (3) strategies that enabled their use of social media.Methods & ProceduresThirteen adults (seven men, six women) with TBI and cognitive‐communication disability were interviewed about their social media experiences, and a content thematic analysis was conducted.Outcomes & ResultsParticipants used several social media platforms including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and virtual gaming worlds. All but one participant used social media several times each day and all used social media for social connection. Five major themes emerged from the data: (1) getting started in social media for participation and inclusion; (2) drivers to continued use of social media; (3) manner of using social media; (4) navigating social media; and (5) an evolving sense of social media mastery. In using platforms in a variety of ways, some participants developed an evolving sense of social media mastery. Participants applied caution in using social media, tended to learn through a process of trial and error, and lacked structured supports from family, friends or health professionals. They also reported several challenges that influenced their ability to use social media, but found sup...

Bryant, L, Ferguson, A, Valentine, M & Spencer, E 2019, 'Implementation of discourse analysis in aphasia: investigating the feasibility of a Knowledge-to-Action intervention', Aphasiology, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 31-57.
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Bulsara, SM, Begley, K, Smith, DE, Chan, DJ, Furner, V, Coote, KV, Hennessy, RM, Alperstein, DM, Price, A, Smith, M, Wyson, A & Wand, H 2019, 'The development of an HIV-specific complexity rating scale', International Journal of STD & AIDS, vol. 30, no. 13, pp. 1265-1274.
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As treatment for HIV improves, an ageing population is experiencing comorbidity which often leads to complex clinical presentations requiring an interdisciplinary care approach. This study sought to quantify clinician assessment of the level of clinical complexity, through the development of a rating scale for people living with HIV (PLHIV), to improve client care through an interdisciplinary care model. An existing alcohol and other drug complexity rating scale was selected and modified for use with PLHIV. HIV-specific items were included through consultation with an interdisciplinary team. A risk-prediction model was developed and validated using clinician ratings of clients attending The Albion Centre, a tertiary HIV clinic in Sydney, Australia, resulting in the development of the Clinical Complexity Rating Scale for HIV (CCRS-HIV). Multivariable logistic regression models identified eight characteristics based on clinician assessment of complexity in PLHIV: financial instability, social isolation, problematic crystal methamphetamine use, mental illness and/or other problematic substance use, cognitive/neurological impairment, polypharmacy, current hepatitis C infection and/or cancer, and other physical health comorbidity. A weighted risk-prediction model was developed and validated. The final model accurately predicted 85% of complex clients, with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 91%. This study developed an HIV-specific clinician-rated complexity scale. Further investigations are required to validate the CCRS-HIV with broader HIV populations. This simple complexity screening tool is a promising adjunct to clinical assessment to identify clients with complex physical and psychosocial needs who may benefit from interdisciplinary care interventions and allocation of resources.

Bulsara, SM, Wainberg, ML, Audet, CM & Newton-John, TRO 2019, 'Retention in HIV Care in Australia: The Perspectives of Clinicians and Clients, and the Impact of Medical and Psychosocial Comorbidity', AIDS Patient Care and STDs, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 415-424.
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© Copyright 2019, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2019. Significant advances in our understanding and treatment of HIV have led to improvements in the medical management of the illness, as HIV infection has evolved from an acute to a chronic illness. Increasing our understanding of the medical and/or psychosocial comorbidities, which can interact to determine 'clinical complexity' and impact HIV management, will further strengthen this process. Retention in care is a critical step of the HIV Treatment Cascade, which facilitates effective management of these comorbidities and their impact on HIV medical management. This study sought to build on literature regarding medical and/or psychosocial comorbidity that impacts retention in care, and it often leads to clinically complex presentations, by gaining the perspectives of people living with HIV (PLHIV), and medical and allied health clinicians in the field in Sydney, Australia. A total of 16 clinicians (medical doctors, nurses, clinical psychologists, and social workers) and 14 clients participated in a series of focus groups; they were asked to comment on the perceived barriers to retention and the potential solutions to overcome these. The results indicated a significant degree of overlap between clinician and client perspectives, and they identified 'service-specific factors,' 'logistic/practical factors,' 'medical/physical factors,' and 'psychosocial factors' as potential barriers to retention. Results are reviewed in the context of similarities and differences in perspectives between clinicians and PLHIV, and limitations regarding the generalizability of findings are discussed. The broader context of comorbidity and clinical complexity is also examined.

Burton, AL & Abbott, MJ 2019, 'Processes and pathways to binge eating: development of an integrated cognitive and behavioural model of binge eating', Journal of Eating Disorders, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 18.
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Background:There are a number of factors commonly believed to be important to the development and maintenance of binge eating that have been identified across multiple models and theories in the psychological literature. In the present study, we sought to develop and test a psychological model for binge eating that incorporated the main variables identified in the literature to drive binge eating behaviour; specifically, core low self-esteem, negative affect, difficulty with emotional regulation, restricted eating and beliefs about eating. Methods:Questionnaire data was collected from 760 unselected participants. The proposed model of binge eating was developed, bivariate relationships between the included variables were assessed, and the goodness-of-fit of this new model was evaluated using structural equations modelling. Result:The results identified significant bivariate relationships between all the included variables. While the originally proposed model did not provide a good fit to the data, the revised version of the model provided a good fit to the data. Conclusions:Supporting, integrating and building upon the current existing psychological models of binge eating, this study presents a new integrated cognitive and behavioural model of binge eating. The dual-pathway to binge eating identified in the new model provides a different way to understand transdiagnostic binge eating.

Burton, O, Tenen, A & Hodge, C 2019, 'First presentation of keratoconus in a geriatric patient: Diagnosis and treatment of late progression', JCRS Online Case Reports, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 65-70.
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© 2019 This case report presents an atypical, late presentation of keratoconus in a geriatric patient with successful management using a transepithelial corneal crosslinking (CXL) procedure. The treatment-naive 77-year old patient presented to the clinic after an assessment by an optometrist for recent onset of reduced vision that was initially thought to represent early cataract development. Corneal topography confirmed keratoconus, and subsequent review identified further progression. Crosslinking was performed using a transepithelial approach. The patient was followed for 3 years postoperatively. By the final visit, the uncorrected distance visual acuity had improved and the corrected distance visual acuity remained at 20/20 bilaterally. Corneal topographic parameters were considered stable. This case shows that keratoconus can present outside the previously established parameters and that CXL might be an effective option in older patients showing signs of progression. This might have additional benefits for future intraocular lens power calculations.

Carcel, C, Neal, B, Oparil, S, Rogers, K, Narkiewicz, K, Wang, JG, Schiffrin, EL, Poulter, N, Azizi, M & Chalmers, J 2019, 'Clinical characteristics, antihypertensive medication use and blood pressure control among patients with treatment-resistant hypertension', Journal of Hypertension, vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 2216-2224.
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OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the characteristics of patients with treatment-resistant hypertension (TRH) and the prevalence of TRH in a large multicountry sample of specialist tertiary centres. METHODS:The Survey of PatIents with treatment ResIstant hyperTension (SPIRIT) study was a retrospective review of medical records of patients seen at tertiary centres located in Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Australia and Asia. Data on demographics, medical history and medication use were extracted from medical records. Prevalence and incidence of TRH were based upon estimated catchment populations. RESULTS:On thousand, five hundred and fifty-five patients from 76 centres were included, mostly from centres that specialize in hypertension (55%), cardiology (11%) or nephrology (19%). Mean age was 64, 60% were men, 62% were Caucasian, 36% had chronic kidney disease, 41% had diabetes, 12% were smokers and 31% had a previous cardiovascular event. Daytime and night-time ambulatory blood pressure (BP) was the most frequently used measurement for diagnosis (82%). Ninety-five percent of patients were prescribed diuretics, 93% an inhibitor of the renin-angiotensin system, 86% a calcium channel blocker, 74% a beta-blocker and 36% an aldosterone antagonist. The overall estimated mean incidence of TRH was 5.8 per 100 000 per year (ranging between 2.3 and 14.0 across regions) and the corresponding estimated mean prevalence of TRH was 23.9 per 100 000 (ranging between 7.6 and 90.5 across regions). CONCLUSION:Observed variation likely reflects real differences in patient characteristics and physician management practices across regions and specialities but may also reflect differences in patient selection and errors in estimation of catchment population across participating centres.

Carey, EA, del Pozo de Bolger, A & Wootton, BM 2019, 'Psychometric properties of the Hoarding Disorder-Dimensional Scale', Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, vol. 21, pp. 91-96.
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© 2019 Elsevier Inc. The Hoarding Disorder-Dimensional Scale (HD-D) is a new measure of hoarding symptom severity developed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (5th Edition) Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Sub-workgroup. The aim of the current study was to assess the psychometric properties of this measure in a large, community sample. Five hundred and seventeen participants completed the study. The results indicated that the HD-D consists of a single factor accounting for 66% of the variance. The measure demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.87–0.88) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.84). The HD-D also demonstrated good convergent and divergent validity in this sample. There appeared to be good convergence between internet and paper and pencil formats of the HD-D (r = 0.88). Overall, the results indicate that the HD-D demonstrates sound psychometric properties in a community sample.

Carragher, M, Ryan, B, Worrall, L, Thomas, S, Rose, M, Simmons-Mackie, N, Khan, A, Hoffmann, TC, Power, E, Togher, L & Kneebone, I 2019, 'Fidelity protocol for the Action Success Knowledge (ASK) trial: a psychosocial intervention administered by speech and language therapists to prevent depression in people with post-stroke aphasia', BMJ Open, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. e023560-e023560.
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IntroductionTreatment fidelity is a complex, multifaceted evaluative process which refers to whether a studied intervention was delivered as intended. Monitoring and enhancing fidelity is one recommendation of the TiDIER (Template for Intervention Description and Replication) checklist, as fidelity can inform interpretation and conclusions drawn about treatment effects. Despite the methodological and translational benefits, fidelity strategies have been used inconsistently within health behaviour intervention studies; in particular, within aphasia intervention studies, reporting of fidelity remains relatively rare. This paper describes the development of a fidelity protocol for the Action Success Knowledge (ASK) study, a current cluster randomised trial investigating an early mood intervention for people with aphasia (a language disability caused by stroke).Methods and analysisA novel fidelity protocol and tool was developed to monitor and enhance fidelity within the two arms (experimental treatment and attention control) of the ASK study. The ASK fidelity protocol was developed based on the National Institutes of Health Behaviour Change Consortium fidelity framework.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Darling Downs Hospital and Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee in Queensland, Australia under the National Mutual Acceptance scheme of multicentre human research projects. Specific ethics approval was obtained for those participating sites who were not under the National Mutual Agreement at the time of application. The monitoring and ongoing conduct of the research project is in line with requirements under the National Mutual Acceptance. On completion of the trial, findings from the fidelity reviews will be disseminated via publications and conference...

Caruana, N, Inkley, C, Zein, ME & Seymour, K 2019, 'No influence of eye gaze on emotional face processing in the absence of conscious awareness', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1.
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AbstractThe human brain has evolved specialised mechanisms to enable the rapid detection of threat cues, including emotional face expressions (e.g., fear and anger). However, contextual cues – such as gaze direction – influence the ability to recognise emotional expressions. For instance, anger paired with direct gaze, and fear paired with averted gaze are more accurately recognised compared to alternate conjunctions of these features. It is argued that this is because gaze direction conveys the relevance and locus of the threat to the observer. Here, we used continuous flash suppression (CFS) to assess whether the modulatory effect of gaze direction on emotional face processing occurs outside of conscious awareness. Previous research using CFS has demonstrated that fearful facial expressions are prioritised by the visual system and gain privileged access to awareness over other expressed emotions. We hypothesised that if the modulatory effects of gaze on emotional face processing occur also at this level, then the gaze-emotion conjunctions signalling self-relevant threat will reach awareness faster than those that do not. We report that fearful faces gain privileged access to awareness over angry faces, but that gaze direction does not modulate this effect. Thus, our findings suggest that previously reported effects of gaze direction on emotional face processing are likely to occur once the face is detected, where the self-relevance and locus of the threat can be consciously appraised.

Caruana, N, Seymour, K, Brock, J & Langdon, R 2019, 'Responding to joint attention bids in schizophrenia: An interactive eye-tracking study', Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, vol. 72, no. 8, pp. 2068-2083.
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This study investigated social cognition in schizophrenia using a virtual reality paradigm to capture the dynamic processes of evaluating and responding to eye gaze as an intentional communicative cue. A total of 21 patients with schizophrenia and 21 age-, gender-, and IQ-matched healthy controls completed an interactive computer game with an on-screen avatar that participants believed was controlled by an off-screen partner. On social trials, participants were required to achieve joint attention by correctly interpreting and responding to gaze cues. Participants also completed non-social trials in which they responded to an arrow cue within the same task context. While patients and controls took equivalent time to process communicative intent from gaze shifts, patients made significantly more errors than controls when responding to the directional information conveyed by gaze, but not arrow, cues. Despite no differences in response times to gaze cues between groups, patients were significantly slower than controls when responding to arrow cues. This is the opposite pattern of results previously observed in autistic adults using the same task and suggests that, despite general impairments in attention orienting or oculomotor control, patients with schizophrenia demonstrate a facilitation effect when responding to communicative gaze cues. Findings indicate a hyper-responsivity to gaze cues of communicative intent in schizophrenia. The possible effects of self-referential biases when evaluating gaze direction are discussed, as are clinical implications.

Caruana, N, Stein, T, Watson, T, Williams, N & Seymour, K 2019, 'Intact prioritisation of unconscious face processing in schizophrenia', Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 135-151.
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Caynes, K, Rose, TA, Theodoros, D, Burmester, D, Ware, RS & Johnston, LM 2019, 'The Functional Communication Classification System: extended reliability and concurrent validity for children with cerebral palsy aged 5 to 18 years', Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 805-812.
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AimTo examine psychometric properties and clinical utility of the Functional Communication Classification System (FCCS) for classifying observable communication function in children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 5 to 18 years.MethodEighty‐two children (38 males, 44 females) with CP in six age groups (5y [n=15], 8y [n=14], 10y [n=14], 12y [n=14], 15y [n=11], and 17y [n=14]) were assessed by a speech‐language pathologist (SLP) and parent for FCCS ratings. Data were compared with: (1) everyday communication function, assessed using the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals – Fourth Edition Pragmatics Profile (CELF‐4 PP) for familiar and unfamiliar partners; (2) motor speech, gross and fine motor function; and (3) associated impairments, including epilepsy, intelligence, hearing, and vision. Interrater agreement was calculated for FCCS ratings using kappa (κ) statistics. Relationships between FCCS ratings and other measures were examined using Spearman's correlation coefficient.ResultsAlmost perfect interrater agreement was demonstrated between Head & Neck, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 1984-1998.
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AbstractBackgroundTechnological advances in radiotherapy have allowed investigations into new methods to spare healthy tissue in those treated for head and neck cancer. This systematic review with meta‐analysis demonstrates the effect that radiation has on swallowing.MethodsSelection and analysis of studies examining the effect of radiation to swallowing structures. A fixed effects meta‐analysis calculated the pooled proportions for select outcomes of dysphagia, common across many studies.ResultsThe majority of the papers found a correlation between radiation dose to the swallowing structures and dysphagia, however a meta‐analysis found the studies carried a significant degree of heterogeneity. The appraisal demonstrates the need for large‐scale studies using a randomized design and instrumental dysphagia assessments.ConclusionsRadiation dose to dysphagia and aspiration structures is correlated with incidence of dysphagia and aspiration. The variables in this population contribute to the heterogeneity within and cross studies and future studies should consider controlling for this.

Cohen, R, Fardouly, J, Newton-John, T & Slater, A 2019, '#BoPo on Instagram: An experimental investigation of the effects of viewing body positive content on young women’s mood and body image', New Media & Society, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 1546-1564.
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Body-positive content on social media aims to challenge mainstream beauty ideals and encourage acceptance and appreciation of all body types. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of viewing body-positive Instagram posts on young women’s mood and body image. Participants were 195 young women (18–30 years old) who were randomly allocated to view either body-positive, thin-ideal, or appearance-neutral Instagram posts. Results showed that brief exposure to body positive posts was associated with improvements in young women’s positive mood, body satisfaction and body appreciation, relative to thin-ideal and appearance-neutral posts. In addition, both thin-ideal and body-positive posts were associated with increased self-objectification relative to appearance-neutral posts. Finally, participants showed favourable attitudes towards the body positive accounts with the majority being willing to follow them in the future. It was concluded that body-positive content may offer a fruitful avenue for improving young women’s body image, although further research is necessary to fully understand the effects on self-objectification.

Cohen, R, Irwin, L, Newton-John, T & Slater, A 2019, '#bodypositivity: A content analysis of body positive accounts on Instagram', Body Image, vol. 29, pp. 47-57.
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© 2019 Elsevier Ltd In the last decade, the body image literature has begun to extend beyond a primary focus on body image disturbances and examine the construct of positive body image. Similarly, “Body positivity” is a growing social media trend that seeks to challenge dominant societal appearance ideals and promote acceptance and appreciation of all bodies and appearances. The present study provides a content analysis of body positive posts on Instagram. A set of 640 Instagram posts sampled from popular body positive accounts were coded for physical appearance-related attributes and central themes featured. Results showed that body positive imagery typically depicted a broad range of body sizes and appearances. Additionally, while a proportion of posts were appearance-focused, the majority of posts conveyed messages aligned with theoretical definitions of positive body image. This study clarifies body positive content on Instagram, as well as highlights points of overlap and distinction from academic principles of positive body image and other appearance-focused social media content. Accordingly, the results offer theoretical and practical implications for future research and prevention efforts.

Crabtree, J & Newton-John, TRO 2019, 'Comparisons and associations between personality, creative potential and achievement in creative, non-creative and early psychosis participants', Psychosis, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 138-150.
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© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Epidemiological evidence supports common genetic determinants between psychosis spectrum populations and creative individuals. Aspects of personality may contribute to protecting the creative artist from psychosis vulnerability. This study examines the similarities and differences in personality within a sample of early psychosis (EP), creative control (CC) and non-creative control (NCC) participants. Findings indicated that the CC group shared closer personality commonalities with the EP group than with NCC participants, on traits such as Neuroticism, Openness and Impulsive Non-Conformity as well as on variables such as Unusual Experiences, Cognitive Disorganisation and Paranoia/Suspiciousness. However, the CC group may better manage their emotional sensitivity and interpersonal suspiciousness than the EP participants. In separate analyses, CC and EP participants recorded higher creative cognition than NCC participants. Unsurprisingly, the CC group reported significantly higher creative achievement than the EP and NCC samples. Of note, the findings indicate that EP participants recorded significantly higher creative achievement than NCC, suggesting that EP patients demonstrate some capacity for creative cognition and creative achievement. These preliminary findings may encourage further research and promote avenues of treatment for at-risk creative individuals and EP individuals.

Crook, A, Hogden, A, Mumford, V, Blair, IP, Williams, KL & Rowe, DB 2019, 'Theme 13 Clinical management and support', Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, vol. 20, no. sup1, pp. 327-347.
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Background: Pathogenic variants in ALS genes are known to be present in up to 70% of familial and 10% of apparently sporadic ALS cases, and can be associated with risks for ALS only, or risks for other neurodegenerative diseases (eg. frontotemporal dementia). While there are no changes to medical management for patients confirmed as pathogenic variant carriers, genetic testing may be important for future drug trials. Confirmation of a pathogenic variant also provides relatives with the opportunity to consider predictive and/or reproductive genetic testing. Genetic counselling is an important aspect of testing decision-making as it enables individuals to make informed decisions about genetic testing while minimising adverse psychological, ethical and legal outcomes. Few studies have explored how individuals decide whether to pursue testing, nor the needs and experiences of familial ALS families.Objective: To identify factors that influence patient and family member decision-making about genetic testing for ALS genes, assess the impact of familial disease on the patient and their family, and identify information and support needs.Methods: In-depth, semi-structured interviews with individuals from Australian ALS families with known pathogenic gene variants explored experiences of familial ALS, and factors that influenced genetic testing decision-making. Interviews were analysed using an inductive approach.Results: Thirty-four individuals from 24 families were interviewed and included patients (n = 4), spouses (n = 4), and asymptomatic at-risk relatives (n = 26). Life stage, experience of disease, costs, research opportunities, and attitudes to familial ALS and/or reproductive options influenced decision-making. Some patients and relatives experienced difficulty gaining accurate information from their health professionals about the costs and implications of genetic counselling or testing, resulting in a reluctance to proceed.Discussion and conclusion: This study prov...

Crook, A, McEwen, A, Fifita, JA, Zhang, K, Kwok, JB, Halliday, G, Blair, IP & Rowe, DB 2019, 'The C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion presents a challenge for testing laboratories and genetic counseling', Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, vol. 20, no. 5-6, pp. 310-316.
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© 2019, © 2019 World Federation of Neurology on behalf of the Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases. C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions are the most common known cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Genetic testing for C9orf72 expansions in patients with ALS and/or FTD and their relatives has become increasingly available since hexanucleotide repeat expansions were first reported in 2011. The repeat number is highly variable and the threshold at which repeat size leads to neurodegeneration remains unknown. We present the case of an ALS patient who underwent genetic testing through our Motor Neurone Disease Clinic. We highlight current limitations to analysing and interpreting C9orf72 expansion test results and describe how this resulted in discordant reports of pathogenicity between testing laboratories that confounded the genetic counselling process. We conclude that patients with ALS or FTD and their at-risk family members, need to be adequately counselled about the limitations of current knowledge to ensure they are making informed decisions about genetic testing for C9orf72. Greater collaboration between clinicians, testing laboratories and researchers is required to ensure risks to patients and their families are minimised.

Cutler, RL, der Linden, NV, (Charlie) Benrimoj, SI, Fernandez-Llimos, F & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2019, 'An evidence-based model to consolidate medication adherence cost estimation: the medication adherence cost estimation framework', Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 555-567.
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Aim: To develop a standardized framework determining the economic impact of medication nonadherence. Materials & methods: Secondary analysis of existing literature reported cost data, aggregating cost outcome indicators. Weighted-average cost analysis performed, determining the proportional contribution to total cost. Results: Direct costs were reported in 92% of studies and indirect costs in 4% of studies. Three most utilized cost categories were hospital (68%), primary care (18%) and pharmacy costs (72%). Average unadjusted direct costs ranged from $625 to $154,203 contributing to 88% of the total cost; adjusted medical costs ranged from $565 to $56,313 representing 96% of the total cost. Conclusion: The medication adherence cost estimation framework enables the comparison of costing studies, facilitating informed health policy decision-making based on consistent evidence and terminology.

Cutler, RL, Torres-Robles, A, Wiecek, E, Drake, B, Van der Linden, N, Benrimoj, SIC & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2019, '<p>Pharmacist-led medication non-adherence intervention: reducing the economic burden placed on the Australian health care system</p>', Patient Preference and Adherence, vol. Volume 13, pp. 853-862.
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© 2019 Cutler et al. Background: Scarcity of prospective medication non-adherence cost measurements for the Australian population with no directly measured estimates makes determining the burden medication non-adherence places on the Australian health care system difficult. This study aims to indirectly estimate the national cost of medication non-adherence in Australia comparing the cost prior to and following a community pharmacy-led intervention. Methods: Retrospective observational study. A de-identified database of dispensing data from 20,335 patients (n=11,257 on rosuvastatin, n=6,797 on irbesartan and n=2,281 on desvenlafaxine) was analyzed and average adherence rate determined through calculation of PDC. Included patients received a pharmacist-led medication adherence intervention and had twelve months dispensing records; six months before and six months after the intervention. The national cost estimate of medication non-adherence in hypertension, dyslipidemia and depression pre-and post-intervention was determined through utilization of disease prevalence and comorbidity, non-adherence rates and per patient disease-specific adherence-related costs. Results: The total national cost of medication non-adherence across three prevalent conditions, hypertension, dyslipidemia and depression was $10.4 billion equating to $517 per adult. Following enrollment in the pharmacist-led intervention medication non-adherence costs per adult decreased $95 saving the Australian health care system and patients $1.9 billion annually. Conclusion: In the absence of a directly measured national cost of medication non-adherence, this estimate demonstrates that pharmacists are ideally placed to improve patient adherence and reduce financial burden placed on the health care system due to non-adherence. Funding of medication adherence programs should be considered by policy and decision makers to ease the current burden and improve patient health outcomes moving forward.

Dahm, MR, Georgiou, A, Balandin, S, Hill, S & Hemsley, B 2019, 'Health Information Infrastructure for People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (I/DD) Living in Supported Accommodation: Communication, Co-Ordination and Integration of Health Information', Health Communication, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 91-99.
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© 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. People with intellectual and/or developmental disability (I/DD) commonly have complex health care needs, but little is known about how their health information is managed in supported accommodation, and across health services providers. This study aimed to describe the current health information infrastructure (i.e., how data and information are collected, stored, communicated, and used) for people with I/DD living in supported accommodation in Australia. It involved a scoping review and synthesis of research, policies, and health documents relevant in this setting. Iterative database and hand searches were conducted across peer-reviewed articles internationally in English and grey literature in Australia (New South Wales) up to September 2015. Data were extracted from the selected relevant literature and analyzed for content themes. Expert stakeholders were consulted to verify the authors’ interpretations of the information and content categories. The included 286 sources (peer-reviewed n = 27; grey literature n = 259) reflect that the health information for people with I/DD in supported accommodation is poorly communicated, coordinated and integrated across isolated systems. ‘Work-as-imagined’ as outlined in policies, does not align with ‘work-as-done’ in reality. This gap threatens the quality of care and safety of people with I/DD in these settings. The effectiveness of the health information infrastructure and services for people with I/DD can be improved by integrating the information sources and placing people with I/DD and their supporters at the centre of the information exchange process.

Dahm, MR, Georgiou, A, Bryant, L & Hemsley, B 2019, 'Information infrastructure and quality person-centred support in supported accommodation: An integrative review', Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 102, no. 8, pp. 1413-1426.
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© 2019 Objectives: To integrate findings on the information infrastructure for people with intellectual or developmental disability (I/DD) living in supported accommodation, to understand how documentation use impacts person-centred support. Methods: We conducted an integrative literature review. Following screening by two independent reviewers, we included English language peer-reviewed empirical studies (n = 34) on documentation use for people with I/DD in domestic-scale supported accommodation. We appraised quality and extracted information for iterative comparative thematic and content analysis. Result: All studies reported written documentation regarding either the person with disability or the residence. Eighteen studies focused on health-specific information. We identified three key themes impacting on the person-centred support; 1) level of inclusion and independence of people with I/DD, 2) the culture of support within group homes, and 3) the quality use of information. Conclusions: Information infrastructure is closely aligned with the support culture in residences and can affect whether and to what extent key stakeholders (i.e., people with I/DD, family members) are involved in making decisions about healthcare and support needs. Practice implications: Surveying local service health information infrastructure can provide crucial insights which can be leveraged to improve the safety and quality of supports provided for people living in supported accommodation.

D'Amanda, CS, Peay, HL, Wheeler, AC, Turbitt, E & Biesecker, BB 2019, 'Fragile X syndrome clinical trials: exploring parental decision‐making', Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, vol. 63, no. 8, pp. 926-935.
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AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this research was to understand parental proxy decision‐making for drug trial participation for children with Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Specifically, we aimed to capture preferences, motivations, influencing factors and barriers related to trial involvement among trial joiners and decliners and describe ease of trial decision‐making and decisional regret.MethodsInterviews were conducted with parents from two groups: those who chose to enrol their child with FXS in a trial (N = 16; Joiners) and those who declined trial participation (N = 15; Decliners). Data were coded and interpreted through inductive content analysis.ResultsProminent decisional factors included attitudes about medicating FXS symptoms, potential for direct benefit (primarily evaluated through the degree of match between target outcomes and child symptomatology and drug mechanism), logistical convenience and perceived risks of side effects. The ultimate motivation for participation was potential for direct benefit. None of the parents reported decisional regret, and ease of decision‐making ranged from easy to difficult for our participants.ConclusionsTherapeutic optimism was high among those who elected participation. Parents may benefit from an explanation of the rationale behind chosen outcome variables and may be more interested in trials that target or measure as an exploratory outcome the symptoms they find most concerning. Our findings reinforce the need for future trials to reduce participant inconvenience. Our results contrast with what has previously been observed in parents of children with life‐threatening conditions; parents of children...

dasNair, R, Griffiths, H, Clarke, S, Methley, A, Kneebone, I & Topcu, G 2019, 'Everyday memory measures in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review', Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 1543-1568.
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Everyday memory is one of the most affected cognitive functions in multiple sclerosis (MS). Assessing everyday memory problems is crucial for monitoring the impact of memory deficits on individuals' day-to-day lives and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions that aim to improve cognitive functions. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the research literature on everyday memory measures used with people with MS, describe the types of measures used, and summarise their psychometric properties. Empirical studies of cognitive function in MS using standardised everyday memory measures were included. Online databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Embase) and Google Scholar were searched. Forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 12 measures were identified, with varied uses and administration methods. The majority of papers did not report any psychometric properties for MS populations. The few papers that did, reported that the measures have good reliability and appear to have good face, concurrent, and ecological validity, but these need to be evaluated further. This review presents researchers and clinicians with an overview of the various everyday memory measures used in studies with people with MS, to help them choose the appropriate measure for their evaluations.

de Almeida, MO, Saragiotto, BT, Maher, C & Costa, LOP 2019, 'Allocation Concealment and Intention-To-Treat Analysis Do Not Influence the Treatment Effects of Physical Therapy Interventions in Low Back Pain Trials: a Meta-epidemiologic Study', Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol. 100, no. 7, pp. 1359-1366.
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de Oliveira, CQ, Middleton, JW, Refshauge, K & Davis, GM 2019, 'Activity-Based Therapy in a Community Setting for Independence, Mobility, and Sitting Balance for People With Spinal Cord Injuries', Journal of Central Nervous System Disease, vol. 11, pp. 117957351984162-117957351984162.
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Introduction: Activity-based therapy (ABT) aims to activate the neuromuscular system below the level of the spinal cord lesion and promote recovery of motor tasks through spinal reorganisation, motor learning and changes to muscles and sensory system. We investigated the effects of a multimodal ABT program on mobility, independence and sitting balance in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: Retrospective clinical data from 91 adults who independently enrolled in four community-based ABT centres in Australia were analysed. The multimodal ABT program was delivered for 3 to 12 months, one to four times per week. Assessments were undertaken every 3 months and included the Modified Rivermead Mobility Index (MRMI), Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) and seated reach distance (SRD). A linear mixed model analysis was used to determine time-based and other predictors of change. Results: There was a significant improvement after 12 months for all outcome measures, with a mean change score of 4 points in the SCIM (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7-5.3, d = 0.19), 2 points in the MRMI (95% CI: 1-2.3, d = 0.19) and 0.2 in the SRD (95% CI: 0.1-2.2, d = 0.52). Greater improvements occurred in the first 3 months of intervention. There were no interaction effects between time and the neurological level of injury, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale classification, or duration post-injury for most outcomes. Conclusions: A community-based ABT exercise program for people with SCI can lead to small improvements in mobility, independence and balance in sitting, with greater improvements occurring early during intervention.

de Oliveira, RF, Fandim, JV, Fioratti, I, Fernandes, LG, Saragiotto, BT & Pena Costa, LO 2019, 'The contemporary management of nonspecific lower back pain', Pain Management, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 475-482.
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Low back pain (LBP) is extremely common and causes an enormous burden on the society. This perspective article aims to provide an evidence-based summary in the field of LBP. More specifically, we aimed to present epidemiological data on cost, diagnosis, prognosis, prevention and interventions for patients with LBP. It is critical that both clinicians and policymakers follow best practices by using high-value care for patients with LBP. In addition, nonevidence-based procedures must be immediately abandoned. These actions are likely to reduce societal costs and will improve the quality of life of these patients.

De Rubis, G, Rajeev Krishnan, S & Bebawy, M 2019, 'Liquid Biopsies in Cancer Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Prognosis', Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 172-186.
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© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Liquid biopsies, comprising the noninvasive analysis of circulating tumor-derived material (the ‘tumor circulome’), represent an innovative tool in precision oncology to overcome current limitations associated with tissue biopsies. Within the tumor circulome, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the only components the clinical application of which is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Extracellular vesicles (EVs), circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA), and tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) are relatively new tumor circulome constituents with promising potential at each stage of cancer management. Here, we discuss the clinical applications of each element of the tumor circulome and the prevailing factors that currently limit their implementation in clinical practice. We also detail the most recent technological developments in the field, which demonstrate potential in improving the clinical value of liquid biopsies.

Dineen-Griffin, S, Garcia-Cardenas, V, Rogers, K, Williams, K & Benrimoj, SI 2019, 'Evaluation of a Collaborative Protocolized Approach by Community Pharmacists and General Medical Practitioners for an Australian Minor Ailments Scheme: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial', JMIR Research Protocols, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. e13973-e13973.
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Background Internationally, governments have been investing in supporting pharmacists to take on an expanded role to support self-care for health system efficiency. There is consistent evidence that minor ailment schemes (MASs) promote efficiencies within the health care system. The cost savings and health outcomes demonstrated in the United Kingdom and Canada open up new opportunities for pharmacists to effect sustainable changes through MAS delivery in Australia. Objective This trial aims to evaluate the clinical, economic, and humanistic impact of an Australian Minor Ailments Service (AMAS) compared with usual pharmacy care in a cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) in Western Sydney, Australia. Methods The cRCT design has an intervention group and a control group, comparing individuals receiving a structured intervention (AMAS) with those receiving usual care for specific health ailments. Participants will be community pharmacies, general practices, and patients located in Western Sydney Primary Health Network (WSPHN) region. A total of 30 community pharmacies will be randomly assigned to either intervention or control group. Each will recruit 24 patients, aged 18 years or older, presenting to the pharmacy in person with a symptom-based or product-based request for one of the following ailments: reflux, cough, common cold, headache (tension or migraine), primary dysmenorrhea, or low back pain. Intervention pharmacists will deliver protocolized care to patients using clinical treatment pathways with agreed referral points and collaborative systems boosting clinician-pharmacist communication. Patients recruited in control pharmacies will receive usual care. The copr...

Dineen-Griffin, S, Garcia-Cardenas, V, Williams, K & Benrimoj, SI 2019, 'Helping patients help themselves: A systematic review of self-management support strategies in primary health care practice', PLOS ONE, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. e0220116-e0220116.
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© 2019 Dineen-Griffin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Background Primary health professionals are well positioned to support the delivery of patient self-management in an evidence-based, structured capacity. A need exists to better understand the active components required for effective self-management support, how these might be delivered within primary care, and the training and system changes that would subsequently be needed. Objectives (1) To examine self-management support interventions in primary care on health outcomes for a wide range of diseases compared to usual standard of care; and (2) To identify the effective strategies that facilitate positive clinical and humanistic outcomes in this setting. Method A systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating self-management support interventions was conducted following the Cochrane handbook & PRISMA guidelines. Published literature was systematically searched from inception to June 2019 in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Eligible studies assessed the effectiveness of individualized interventions with follow-up, delivered face-to-face to adult patients with any condition in primary care, compared with usual standard of care. Matrices were developed that mapped the evidence and components for each intervention. The methodological quality of included studies were appraised. Results 6,510 records were retrieved. 58 studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis. Findings reveal a structured patient-provider exchange is required in primary care (including a one-on-one patient-provider consultation, ongoing follow up and provision of self-help materials). Interventions should be tailored to patient needs and may include combinations of strategies to improve a patient’s d...

Donald, JN, Sahdra, BK, Van Zanden, B, Duineveld, JJ, Atkins, PWB, Marshall, SL & Ciarrochi, J 2019, 'Does your mindfulness benefit others? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the link between mindfulness and prosocial behaviour', British Journal of Psychology, vol. 110, no. 1, pp. 101-125.
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Mindfulness‐based meditation practices have received substantial scientific attention in recent years. Mindfulness has been shown to bring many psychological benefits to the individual, but much less is known about whether these benefits extend to others. This meta‐analysis reviewed the link between mindfulness – as both a personality variable and an intervention – and prosocial behaviour. A literature search produced 31 eligible studies (N = 17,241) and 73 effect sizes. Meta‐analyses were conducted using mixed‐effects structural equation models to examine pooled effects and potential moderators of these effects. We found a positive pooled effect between mindfulness and prosocial behaviour for both correlational (d = .73 CI 95% [0.51 to 0.96]) and intervention studies (d = .51 CI 95% [0.37 to 0.66]). For the latter, medium‐sized effects were obtained across varying meditation types and intensities, and across gender and age categories. Preliminary evidence is presented regarding potential mediators of these effects. Although we found that mindfulness is positively related to prosociality, further research is needed to examine the mediators of this link and the contexts in which it is most pronounced.

Dorstyn, D, Roberts, R, Murphy, G, Craig, A, Kneebone, I, Stewart, P, Chur-Hansen, A, Marshall, R, Clark, J & Migliorini, C 2019, 'Work and SCI: a pilot randomized controlled study of an online resource for job-seekers with spinal cord dysfunction', Spinal Cord, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 221-228.
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STUDY DESIGN:A prospective, parallel randomized controlled trial (RCT). OBJECTIVES:To test the preliminary effects of an online resource targeted to job-seekers with spinal cord injury or disorder (SCI/D), and to determine the feasibility of proceeding to a full-scale RCT. SETTING:A community cohort in Australia. METHODS:Forty-eight adults (M = 42 years, SD = 10.95, 27 males) were randomized to receive 4-weeks access to the Work and SCI resource (n = 25) or to a wait-list control group (n = 23). The Work and SCI intervention involved six stand-alone learning modules which provided job-searching and career-planning information through text, videos, and interactive activities. Self-report measures were administered at baseline and after 4 weeks: Job Procurement Self-Efficacy Scale (JSES), Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). RESULTS:Online usage data identified high uptake of the Work and SCI resource, although study attrition was problematic. Intention-to-treat analyses failed to reach statistical significance, whereas complete data revealed a significant interaction effect for optimism (LOT-R). CONCLUSION:Further research to develop and enhance Work and SCI is indicated. Remediable strategies to optimize recruitment and statistical power in a future definitive RCT are discussed. SPONSORSHIP:This project was funded by the auDA Foundation (project 16019).

Dorstyn, D, Roberts, R, Murphy, G, Kneebone, I, Craig, A, Chur-Hansen, A, Migliorini, C, Potter, E, Marshall, R, Clark, J, Neeson, S & Stewart, P 2019, 'Can targeted job-information for adults with spinal cord dysfunction be effectively delivered online? A pilot study', The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 94-101.
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© 2019, © The Academy of Spinal Cord Injury Professionals, Inc. 2019. Objective: To pilot a novel email-based information package (Work and SCI) for job-seekers with an acquired spinal cord injury (SCI) or spinal cord dysfunction (SCI/D). Study design: Prospective, non-randomized, repeated measures trial. Setting: Community dwelling cohort in Australia. Participants: Five people with SCI (mean age 46.4 years, SD = 10.2; 4 female) initially reviewed Work and SCI. Twenty-four with SCI/D subsequently enrolled, of whom 16 (mean age 46.4 years, SD = 11.1; 7 female), completed the intervention. Intervention: Intervention participants accessed Work and SCI over a 4-week period. Outcome measures: Individual changes in pre-post scores for the My Vocational Situation Scale, Job Procurement Self-Efficacy Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Life Orientation Test-Revised were examined. Results: Reliable change in pre-post scores across outcomes were reported by 38% (n = 6) of participants. Favorable comments on the Work and SCI resource were provided in addition to suggestions for improvement. Conclusions: Preliminary data suggest that Work and SCI may help to establish vocational interests among job-seekers with a SCI/D, however further work is needed to enhance participant compliance. This might include moderator support to promote and maintain participation. A controlled design will also help to identify factors that influence engagement with the Work and SCI resource.

Drieghe, D, Veldre, A, Fitzsimmons, G, Ashby, J & Andrews, S 2019, 'The influence of number of syllables on word skipping during reading revisited', Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 616-621.
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Dua, K, Gupta, G, Chellappan, DK, Shukla, S & Hansbro, PM 2019, 'Targeting bacterial biofilms in pulmonary diseases in pediatric population', Minerva Pediatrica, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 309-310.
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Dua, K, Malyla, V, Singhvi, G, Wadhwa, R, Krishna, RV, Shukla, SD, Shastri, MD, Chellappan, DK, Maurya, PK, Satija, S, Mehta, M, Gulati, M, Hansbro, N, Collet, T, Awasthi, R, Gupta, G, Hsu, A & Hansbro, PM 2019, 'Increasing complexity and interactions of oxidative stress in chronic respiratory diseases: An emerging need for novel drug delivery systems', Chemico-Biological Interactions, vol. 299, pp. 168-178.
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© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Oxidative stress is intensely involved in enhancing the severity of various chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), infections and lung cancer. Even though there are various existing anti-inflammatory therapies, which are not enough to control the inflammation caused due to various contributing factors such as anti-inflammatory genes and antioxidant enzymes. This leads to an urgent need of novel drug delivery systems to combat the oxidative stress. This review gives a brief insight into the biological factors involved in causing oxidative stress, one of the emerging hallmark feature in CRDs and particularly, highlighting recent trends in various novel drug delivery carriers including microparticles, microemulsions, microspheres, nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, solid lipid nanocarriers etc which can help in combating the oxidative stress in CRDs and ultimately reducing the disease burden and improving the quality of life with CRDs patients. These carriers improve the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability to the target site. However, there is an urgent need for translational studies to validate the drug delivery carriers for clinical administration in the pulmonary clinic.

Dua, K, Wadhwa, R, Singhvi, G, Rapalli, V, Shukla, SD, Shastri, MD, Gupta, G, Satija, S, Mehta, M, Khurana, N, Awasthi, R, Maurya, PK, Thangavelu, L, S, R, Tambuwala, MM, Collet, T, Hansbro, PM & Chellappan, DK 2019, 'The potential of siRNA based drug delivery in respiratory disorders: Recent advances and progress', Drug Development Research, vol. 80, no. 6, pp. 714-730.
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AbstractLung diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The currently available therapies are not sufficient, leading to the urgent need for new therapies with sustained anti‐inflammatory effects. Small/short or silencing interfering RNA (siRNA) has potential therapeutic implications through post‐transcriptional downregulation of the target gene expression. siRNA is essential in gene regulation, so is more favorable over other gene therapies due to its small size, high specificity, potency, and no or low immune response. In chronic respiratory diseases, local and targeted delivery of siRNA is achieved via inhalation. The effectual delivery can be attained by the generation of aerosols via inhalers and nebulizers, which overcomes anatomical barriers, alveolar macrophage clearance and mucociliary clearance. In this review, we discuss the different siRNA nanocarrier systems for chronic respiratory diseases, for safe and effective delivery. siRNA mediated pro‐inflammatory gene or miRNA targeting approach can be a useful approach in combating chronic respiratory inflammatory conditions and thus providing sustained drug delivery, reduced therapeutic dose, and improved patient compliance. This review will be of high relevance to the formulation, biological and translational scientists working in the area of respiratory diseases.

Ehgoetz Martens, KA, Matar, E, Hall, JM, Phillips, J, Szeto, JYY, Gouelle, A, Grunstein, RR, Halliday, GM & Lewis, SJG 2019, 'Subtle gait and balance impairments occur in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder', Movement Disorders, vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 1374-1380.
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AbstractBackgroundAlthough motor abnormalities have been flagged as potentially the most sensitive and specific clinical features for predicting the future progression to Parkinson's disease, little work has been done to characterize gait and balance impairments in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD).ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to quantitatively determine any static balance as well as gait impairments across the 5 independent domains of gait in polysomnography‐confirmed iRBD patients using normal, fast‐paced, and dual‐task walking conditions.MethodsA total of 38 participants (24 iRBD, 14 healthy controls) completed the following 5 different walking trials across a pressure sensor carpet: (1) normal pace, (2) fast pace, (3) while counting backward from 100 by 1s, (4) while naming as many animals as possible, (5) while subtracting 7s from 100.ResultsAlthough no gait differences were found between the groups during normal walking, there were significant differences between groups under the fast‐paced and dual‐task gait conditions. Specifically, in response to the dual tasking, healthy controls widened their step width without changing step width variability, whereas iRBD patients did not widen their step width but, rather, significantly increased their step width variability. Similarly, changes between the groups were observed during fast‐paced walking wherein the iRBD patients demonstrated greater step length asymmetry when compared with controls.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that iRBD patients have subtle gait impairments, which likely reflect early progressive degeneration in brainstem regions tha...

Eickhoff, C, Müller, U, Strunz, AK, Seidling, HM, Lampert, A, Felberg, M, Breiholz, S, Klintworth, D & Schulz, M 2019, 'Das Projekt PRIMA – Elektronische Erstellung und Aktualisierung von Medikationsplänen als gemeinsame Aufgabe von Ärzten und Apothekern', DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, vol. 144, no. 18, pp. e114-e120.
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Zusammenfassung Einleitung Der Gesamtüberblick über die Medikation eines Patienten ist wesentliche Voraussetzung für die Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit. Ein aktueller und vollständiger Medikationsplan (MP) ist hierfür ein geeignetes Instrument. Ziel war zu untersuchen, inwiefern die elektronische Bearbeitung des bundeseinheitlichen Medikationsplans gemeinsam durch Arzt und Apotheker in ihren Primärsystemen technisch machbar ist, die definierten Prozesse praktikabel sind und akzeptiert werden. Methoden Ärzte und Apotheker testeten in einem mehrstufigen Verfahren die elektronische Umsetzung. Die Bearbeitung der MP erfolgte anhand definierter Prozesse und Verantwortlichkeiten; Machbarkeit und Akzeptanz wurden in schriftlichen Befragungen und einem Workshop evaluiert. Ergebnisse Erstmalig in Deutschland wurden die Voraussetzungen zur elektronischen Erstellung, zum Austausch und zur Aktualisierung von MP in einem Arzt- und vier Apothekenverwaltungssystemen geschaffen. Gelöste Probleme waren technische und AMTS-relevante Fehler, abweichende Darstellungen, mangelnde Benutzerfreundlichkeit und begrenzte Speicherkapazität des Barcodes. Elf Arzt-Apotheker-Teams betreuten 196 Patienten. Insgesamt waren 60 % mit den Prozessen und 80 % der Ärzte sowie 63 % der Apotheker mit den Verantwortlichkeiten zufrieden. Ärzte bewerteten die Erfassung der Gesamtmedikation durch Apotheker positiv. Die Kooperation verbesserte den fachlichen Austausch. Dies führt bei 70 % der Ärzte bei der Medikation und bei 88 % der Apotheker zum Gesundheitszustand der Patienten zu einem Wissenszuwachs. Alle Ärzte und Apotheker sahen eine strukturierte Zusammenarbeit als wichtig (25 %) oder sehr wichtig (75 %) für die Qualität der MP an. Diskussion Der MP wurde erstmalig in Primärsysteme implementiert. Prozesse und Verantwortlichkeiten fanden bei Ärzten und Apothekern Akzept...

Eitivipart, AC, de Oliveira, CQ, Arora, M, Middleton, J & Davis, GM 2019, 'Overview of Systematic Reviews of Aerobic Fitness and Muscle Strength Training after Spinal Cord Injury', Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 36, no. 21, pp. 2943-2963.
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The number of systematic reviews on the effects of exercise on aerobic fitness and muscle strength in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) has recently increased. However, the results of some of these reviews are inconclusive or inconsistent. To strengthen recommendations, this overview was undertaken to assimilate evidence about the effectiveness of different types of physical activities, exercises, and therapeutic interventions for improving aerobic fitness and muscle strength in people with SCI. Cochrane Overview of reviews methods were adopted to undertake this overview. An online search was conducted in August 2018 on eight databases based on predefined search criteria. Potential systematic reviews were screened, selected, and assessed on methodological quality by two independent authors, and discussed and resolved with a third author, when necessary. Only systematic reviews published in the English language were included. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO. Overall, 16 systematic reviews were included (aerobic fitness, n = 10; muscle strength, n = 15). For all 16 reviews, the quality of evidence was rated as "critically low." Despite low evidence, this overview strengthens the existing guidelines for people with SCI, providing specific advice on exercise domains (types, intensities, frequency, and duration) for improving aerobic fitness and muscle strength. The evidence from this overview suggests that ergometry training with/without additional therapeutic interventions (20 min, moderate to vigorous intensity, twice weekly for 6 weeks) may improve aerobic fitness; similarly, resistance training with/without additional therapeutic interventions (three sets of 8-10 repetitions, moderate to vigorous intensity, twice weekly for 6 weeks) may improve muscle strength.

Elbourn, E, Kenny, B, Power, E, Honan, C, McDonald, S, Tate, R, Holland, A, MacWhinney, B & Togher, L 2019, 'Discourse recovery after severe traumatic brain injury: exploring the first year', Brain Injury, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 143-159.
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Essack, S, Bell, J, Burgoyne, DS, Duerden, M & Shephard, A 2019, 'Topical (local) antibiotics for respiratory infections with sore throat: An antibiotic stewardship perspective', Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 829-837.
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WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:The overuse and misuse of antibiotics, especially for viral, and self-limiting, respiratory tract infections such as sore throat, increases the risk of the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance within communities. Up to 80% of sore throat cases have a viral aetiology, and even when the infection is bacterial, most cases resolve without antibiotics. However, antibiotics are still frequently and often inappropriately prescribed for the treatment of sore throat. Furthermore, topical (local) antibiotics for treatment of sore throat are widely available over the counter. The objective of this systematic review was to establish the evidence for the benefits, risk of harm and antimicrobial resistance associated with topical (local) antibiotics used for patients with sore throat. METHODS:Eligible studies included those in patients with sore throat of any aetiology receiving the topical (local) antibiotics tyrothricin, bacitracin, gramicidin or neomycin where the antibiotic was topically/locally applied via the nasal cavity or throat. Nasal applications were included as these are occasionally used to treat upper respiratory tract infections that may involve sore throat. There was no restriction or requirement regarding comparator. The outcomes of interest included efficacy, safety, and in vitro culture and antimicrobial resistance data. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:This systematic review found sparse and mainly poor-quality evidence relating to the use of topical (local) antibiotics for sore throat, and it was not possible to establish the benefits, risk of harm or impact of use on antimicrobial resistance. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSIONS:Further research is necessary to ascertain the risks and benefits of topical (local) antibiotics, their contribution to antimicrobial resistance and the risk of harm. We do, however, question whether it is appropriate and rational to use topical (local) antibiotics for the treatment of sore throat caused by...

Faras, TJ, Laporte, MD, Sandoval, R, Najjar, F, Ade, V & Stubbs, P 2019, 'The effect of unilateral blood flow restriction on temporal and spatial gait parameters', Heliyon, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. e01146-e01146.
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Blood flow restriction walking (BFR-W) is becoming more frequently used in aerobic and strength training and it has been proposed that BFR-W can be used in clinical populations. BFR-W may change gait stability yet few studies have assessed gait changes during or following BFR-W. The aim of this study was to assess if spatial-temporal gait parameters change during and following BFR-W. Twenty-four participants completed two walking sessions (>48-hours apart); 1) Unilateral BFR-W applied at the dominant thigh, 2) walking without BFR. In each session participants performed a 5-min warmup, 15-min walking intervention and 10-min active recovery. The warmup and active recovery were performed without BFR on both days. Measurements were attained at baseline, during the intervention and post-intervention using the GAITRite®. Linear mixed models were applied to each measured variable. Fixed factors were timepoint (warmup, intervention, and active recovery), condition (BFR-W and control walking) and condition × timepoint. Random factors were subject and subject × condition. Participants took shorter (3.2-cm (mean difference), CI95%: 0.8-5.6-cm) and wider strides (1.4-cm, CI95%: 0.9-1.9-cm) during BFR-W. For single leg measures, participants took shorter steps (2.8-cm, CI95%: 1.7-4.0-cm) with a faster single support time (7.5-ms, CI95%: 2.9-12.0-ms) on the non-dominant (unoccluded) leg during BFR-W compared to the non-dominant leg during control walking. There were no differences in step length and single support time between the dominant (occluded) leg during BFR-W compared to the dominant leg during control walking. There were no significant changes in velocity, cadence or double support time between BFR-W and control walking (P > 0.05). BFR-W caused small transient changes to several gait parameters. These changes should be considered when using BFR-W in clinical populations.

Figlioli, G, Bogliolo, M, Catucci, I, Caleca, L, Lasheras, SV, Pujol, R, Kiiski, JI, Muranen, TA, Barnes, DR, Dennis, J, Michailidou, K, Bolla, MK, Leslie, G, Aalfs, CM, Balleine, R, Baxter, R, Braye, S, Carpenter, J, Dahlstrom, J, Forbes, J, Lee, CS, Marsh, D, Morey, A, Pathmanathan, N, Scott, R, Simpson, P, Spigelman, A, Wilcken, N, Yip, D, Zeps, N, Adank, MA, Adlard, J, Agata, S, Cadoo, K, Agnarsson, BA, Ahearn, T, Aittomäki, K, Ambrosone, CB, Andrews, L, Anton-Culver, H, Antonenkova, NN, Arndt, V, Arnold, N, Aronson, KJ, Arun, BK, Asseryanis, E, Auber, B, Auvinen, P, Azzollini, J, Balmaña, J, Barkardottir, RB, Barrowdale, D, Barwell, J, Beane Freeman, LE, Beauparlant, CJ, Beckmann, MW, Behrens, S, Benitez, J, Berger, R, Bermisheva, M, Blanco, AM, Blomqvist, C, Bogdanova, NV, Bojesen, A, Bojesen, SE, Bonanni, B, Borg, A, Brady, AF, Brauch, H, Brenner, H, Brüning, T, Burwinkel, B, Buys, SS, Caldés, T, Caliebe, A, Caligo, MA, Campa, D, Campbell, IG, Canzian, F, Castelao, JE, Chang-Claude, J, Chanock, SJ, Claes, KBM, Clarke, CL, Collavoli, A, Conner, TA, Cox, DG, Cybulski, C, Czene, K, Daly, MB, de la Hoya, M, Devilee, P, Diez, O, Ding, YC, Dite, GS, Ditsch, N, Domchek, SM, Dorfling, CM, dos-Santos-Silva, I, Durda, K, Dwek, M, Eccles, DM, Ekici, AB, Eliassen, AH, Ellberg, C, Eriksson, M, Evans, DG, Fasching, PA, Figueroa, J, Flyger, H, Foulkes, WD, Friebel, TM, Friedman, E, Gabrielson, M, Gaddam, P, Gago-Dominguez, M, Gao, C, Gapstur, SM, Garber, J, García-Closas, M, García-Sáenz, JA, Gaudet, MM, Gayther, SA, Belotti, M, Bertrand, O, Birot, A-M, Buecher, B, Caputo, S, Dupré, A, Fourme, E, Gauthier-Villars, M, Golmard, L, Le Mentec, M, Moncoutier, V, de Pauw, A, Saule, C, Boutry-Kryza, N, Calender, A, Giraud, S, Léone, M, Bressac-de-Paillerets, B, Caron, O, Guillaud-Bataille, M, Bignon, Y-J, Uhrhammer, N, Bonadona, V, Lasset, C, Berthet, P, Castera, L, Vaur, D, Bourdon, V, Noguès, C, Noguchi, T, Popovici, C, Remenieras, A, Sobol, H, Coupier, I, Pujol, P, Adenis, C, Dumont, A, Révillion, F, Muller, D, Barouk-Simonet, E, Bonnet, F, Bubien, V, Longy, M, Sevenet, N, Gladieff, L, Guimbaud, R, Feillel, V, Toulas, C, Dreyfus, H, Leroux, CD, Peysselon, M, Rebischung, C, Legrand, C, Baurand, A, Bertolone, G, Coron, F, Faivre, L, Jacquot, C, Lizard, S, Kientz, C, Lebrun, M, Prieur, F, Fert-Ferrer, S, Mari, V, Vénat-Bouvet, L, Bézieau, S & et al. 2019, 'The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer', npj Breast Cancer, vol. 5, no. 1.
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AbstractBreast cancer is a common disease partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2 are associated with breast cancer risk. FANCM, which encodes for a DNA translocase, has been proposed as a breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater effects for the ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. We tested the three recurrent protein-truncating variants FANCM:p.Arg658*, p.Gln1701*, and p.Arg1931* for association with breast cancer risk in 67,112 cases, 53,766 controls, and 26,662 carriers of pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2. These three variants were also studied functionally by measuring survival and chromosome fragility in FANCM−/− patient-derived immortalized fibroblasts treated with diepoxybutane or olaparib. We observed that FANCM:p.Arg658* was associated with increased risk of ER-negative disease and TNBC (OR = 2.44, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.79; P = 0.009, respectively). In a country-restricted analysis, we confirmed the associations detected for FANCM:p.Arg658* and found that also FANCM:p.Arg1931* was associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk (OR = 1.96; P = 0.006). The functional results indicated that all three variants were deleterious affecting cell survival and chromosome stability with FANCM:p.Arg658* causing more severe phenotypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the two rare FANCM

Fleming, C, Gunawan, C, Golzan, M, Torpy, F, Irga, P & Mcgrath, K 2019, 'Investigating the effects of air pollutant nanoparticles on the onset or progression of Alzheimer's disease', IBRO Reports, vol. 6, pp. S329-S330.
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Freeman-Sanderson, A, Morris, K & Elkins, M 2019, 'Characteristics of patient communication and prevalence of communication difficulty in the intensive care unit: An observational study', Australian Critical Care, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 373-377.
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PURPOSE:To summarise the patient communication status in an intensive care unit (ICU), including methods of communication used and the frequency, degree and nature of communication breakdown. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A multidisciplinary daily ward audit was conducted on ten consecutive weekdays in a 30-bed general ICU of a tertiary Australian hospital. Data included patient demographics, patients' mode of communication and the level of difficulty in communicating. Descriptive statistics and means (standard deviation)/medians (interquartile range) were used to summarise the data. RESULTS:Over the audit period, data were collected from 87 patients (median age 58 years, interquartile range 43 to 67; 60% males), equivalent to 232 occupied bed days. Patients from non-English-speaking backgrounds accounted for 14% of the cohort, with Mandarin the most common non-English language. Altered cognition occurred on 11% of bed days. Staff reported difficulty in communicating with patients on 35% of bed days, with an inability to communicate with patients in 49% of these cases. Alternate modes of communication were reported, with gesture the most common, but they were not used with all suitable patients. CONCLUSIONS:About one-third of the caseload in the ICU experienced difficulty in communicating. While alternate communication methods were reported, they were not used with all patients. A multidisciplinary approach to enhance communication ability may be beneficial.

Geerling, R, Browne, JL, Holmes-Truscott, E, Furler, J, Speight, J & Mosely, K 2019, 'Positive reinforcement by general practitioners is associated with greater physical activity in adults with type 2 diabetes', BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. e000701-e000701.
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ObjectiveIn a sample of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the aim of this study was to examine whether self-reported physical activity level is associated with recall of specific physical activity-related interactions used by general practitioners (GP).Research design and methodsAdults with T2DM completed an online survey reporting physical activity behaviors and recall of 14 GP–patient interactions about physical activity, mapped onto discrete behavior change techniques (BCT). Stepped logistical regression examined associations between recommended physical activity (≥600 MET-min/week) and GP–patient interactions, controlling for body mass index, diabetes-related comorbidities, depressive symptoms and self-efficacy.ResultsIn total, 381 respondents (55% men, mean±SD age: 62±10 years and T2DM duration 8±8 years) provided complete data. Most (73%) reported receiving ‘general advice’, while interactions related to goal setting, monitoring, and relapse prevention were least commonly reported (all <20%). Self-reported achievement of the recommended physical activity level was significantly associated with recall of GP interactions involving praise for ‘efforts to be active’ (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.24 to 3.53), ‘lost weight’ (OR 1.81; 95% CI 1.05 to 3.12) or lowering ‘glucose levels as a result of being active’ (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.96).ConclusionsFindings suggest GPs can be somewhat effective in promoting physical activity with simple, positive, reinforcing messages/interactions. Future research to develop and evaluate very brief primary care BCT-based physical activity interventions is needed.

Georgevsky, D, Gangoda, SVS & Golzan, SM 2019, 'Postural effects on spontaneous retinal venous pulsations in healthy individuals', Acta Ophthalmologica, vol. 97, no. 6, pp. e839-e843.
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AbstractPurposeTo assess amplitudes of spontaneous retinal venous pulsations (SVP) in three various postures (sitting, supine and lateral decubitus) in healthy individuals.MethodsThirty participants (28 ± 8 years, 25 females) were included in the study. Intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure (BP) and SVP's were measured at three different postures using a calibrated Tono‐Pen applanation tonometer, a digital sphygmomanometer, and a custom‐built handheld video ophthalmoscope, respectively. Retinal venous pulsations (SVP) amplitudes were extracted from the retinal videos using a custom written MATLAB algorithm. Mean arterial pressure (MAP = (systolic + 2diastolic)/3) and mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP = (2/3 MAP)‐IOP) were also calculated at each posture. A one‐way ANOVA was applied to each parameter to determine any significant difference for the various postural changes.ResultsMean IOP increased (p < 0.0001) and mean SVP decreased (p < 0.0001) from sitting to supine. The mean IOP (mmHg) and SVP (MU; measuring units) in sitting, supine and lateral decubitus were 16.2 ± 2, 19.4 ± 4, 19.8 ± 2 mmHg and 5.8 ± 2, 4.5 ± 2, and 4.7 ± 2 MU, respectively. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and MOPP also decreased significantly from sitting to supine (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) and sitting to lateral decubitus (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between IOP, SVP, MAP or MOPP during a postural modification from supine to lateral decubitus.ConclusionsIn this study, we showed a significant reduction in SVP amplitudes and a significant increase in IOP from sitting to supine position in a healthy young cohort. This supports the rationale to further study such phenomenon in ocul...

Georgevsky, D, Retsas, S, Raoufi, N, Shimoni, O & Golzan, SM 2019, 'A longitudinal assessment of retinal function and structure in the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease', Translational Neurodegeneration, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 30.
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Abstract Background A great body of evidence suggests that there are retinal functional and structural changes that occur in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, whether such changes are primary or secondary remains to be elucidated. We studied a range of retinal functional and structural parameters in association with AD- specific pathophysiological markers in the double transgenic APP/PS1 and control mice across age. Methods Electroretinogram (ERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed in APP/PS1 and wild type (WT) control mice every 3 months from 3 to 12 months of age. For functional assessment, the a- and b-wave of the ERG, amplitude of oscillatory potentials (OP) and the positive scotopic threshold response (pSTR) were quantified at each time point. For structural assessment, the inner and outer retinal thickness was segmented and measured from OCT scans. Episodic memory was evaluated at 6, 9 and 12 months of age using the novel object recognition test. Amyloid beta (Aβ) distribution in the hippocampus and the retina were visualised at 3, 6 and 12 months of age. Inter- and intra- group analysis was performed to study rate of change for each parameter between the two groups. Results Inter-group analysis revealed a significant difference in b-wave and OPs of APP/PS1 compared to WT controls starting from 3 months (p < 0.001). There was also a significant difference in the amplitude of pSTR between the two groups starting from 6 months (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant difference in the inner retinal thickness, betwe...

Gomes, BSQ, Coelho, VK, Terra, BS, Bunn, PS, Saragiotto, BT, Ferreira, AS & Nogueira, LAC 2019, 'Patients with Subacromial Pain Syndrome Present no Reduction of Shoulder Proprioception: A Matched Case‐Control Study', PM&R, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 972-978.
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BackgroundShoulder pain is common among patients with musculoskeletal pain and the prevalence of patients with subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS) is high. Despite the high prevalence, there is a lack of an extensive evaluation of the proprioception acuity in patients with SAPS. Knowledge of the proprioceptive deficit would assist clinicians in the proper treatment and may offer an alternative explanation for the mechanisms underlying SAPS, which are poorly understood.ObjectiveTo compare the proprioceptive function of the shoulder in patients with SAPS and matched controls.Study DesignMatched case‐control study.SettingPhysical Functional Rehabilitation Service of an outpatient clinic.ParticipantsA total of 32 consecutive patients with SAPS who sought physical therapy for shoulder pain and 32 healthy participants (control group) matched for age, sex, and handedness.InterventionsAll participants completed a questionnaire containing sociodemographic information, pain intensity and characteristics, the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe proprioceptive assessment was performed through kinesthesia, passive joint position sense (PJPS), and the active joint position sense (AJPS).ResultsThe groups showed no statistically significant differences in kinesthesia, PJPS, and AJPS for internal or external rotation. The proprioceptive acuity was not associated with pain intensity or functional disability in patients with SAPS.

Gordon, N, Hohwy, J, Davidson, MJ, van Boxtel, JJA & Tsuchiya, N 2019, 'From intermodulation components to visual perception and cognition-a review', NeuroImage, vol. 199, pp. 480-494.
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Gunasekaran, P, Hodge, C, Rose, K & Fraser, C 2019, 'Persistent visual disturbances after concussion', Australian Journal of General Practice, vol. 48, no. 8, pp. 531-536.
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BACKGROUND: Ocular dysfunction, including eye movement defects, has been documented in up to 69% of patients with concussion. However, standard sports-related concussion assessment protocols do not typically include any clinical examination of the ocular system. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to inform general practitioners (GPs) about ocular defects associated with concussion, identify test procedures and highlight the important role of GPs within the concussion paradigm. DISCUSSION: Ocular dysfunction that commonly occurs with concussion includes abnormalities of accommodation, convergence, saccades and smooth pursuits. This may cause blurred vision, double vision, ocular pain and difficulty with close work. Symptoms can severely affect daily work, school or play activities. Patients complaining of extended ocular symptoms following concussion should be referred to an ophthalmologist for a complete ocular assessment.

Gunn, A, Menzies, RG, Onslow, M, O'Brian, S, Packman, A, Lowe, R, Helgadóttir, FD & Jones, M 2019, 'Phase I trial of a standalone internet social anxiety treatment for adolescents who stutter: iBroadway', International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 927-939.
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AbstractBackgroundiGlebe is a fully automated internet treatment program for adults who stutter that has been shown, in some cases, to reduce anxiety and effectively manage social anxiety disorder for many participants. No such automated internet treatment program exists for adolescents who stutter.AimsThe present paper reports a Phase I trial of an adolescent version of the adult program: iBroadway.Methods & ProceduresParticipants were 29 adolescents in the age range 12–17 years who were seeking cognitive–behaviour therapy (CBT) for anxiety associated with stuttering. The design was a non‐randomized Phase I trial with outcome assessments at pre‐treatment and immediately post‐treatment after 5 months of access to the program. No contact by a clinical psychologist occurred during participant use of the program. Outcomes were a range of psychological, quality‐of‐life and stuttering severity measures.Outcomes & ResultsThe compliance rate for the seven iBroadway modules over 5 months was extremely favourable for internet CBT, at 52.4%. There was evidence of treatment effects for (1) the number of DSM‐IV mental health diagnoses with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children; (2) the Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs About Stuttering scale; (3) the Subjective Units of Distress Scale; and (4) parent‐reported speech satisfaction.Conclusions & ImplicationsFurther development of iBroadway, the adolescent version of iGlebe, with Phase II trialling is warranted.

Guo, J, Marsh, HW, Parker, PD, Dicke, T & Van Zanden, B 2019, 'Countries, parental occupation, and girls' interest in science', The Lancet, vol. 393, no. 10171, pp. e6-e8.
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Haebich, KM, Pride, NA, Walsh, KS, Chisholm, A, Rouel, M, Maier, A, Anderson, V, Barton, B, Silk, T, Korgaonkar, M, Seal, M, Lami, F, Lorenzo, J, Williams, K, Dabscheck, G, Rae, CD, Kean, M, North, KN & Payne, JM 2019, 'Understanding autism spectrum disorder and social functioning in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: protocol for a cross-sectional multimodal study', BMJ Open, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. e030601-e030601.
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IntroductionChildren with the single-gene disorder neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) appear to be at an increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and exhibit a unique social-cognitive phenotype compared with children with idiopathic ASD. A complete framework is required to better understand autism in NF1, from neurobiological levels through to behavioural and functional outcomes. The primary aims of this study are to establish the frequency of ASD in children with NF1, examine the social cognitive phenotype, investigate the neuropsychological processes contributing to ASD symptoms and poor social functioning in children with NF1, and to investigate novel structural and functional neurobiological markers of ASD and social dysfunction in NF1. The secondary aim of this study is to compare the neuropsychological and neurobiological features of ASD in children with NF1 to a matched group of patients with idiopathic ASD.Methods and analysisThis is an international, multisite, prospective, cross-sectional cohort study of children with NF1, idiopathic ASD and typically developing (TD) controls. Participants will be 200 children with NF1 (3–15 years of age), 70 TD participants (3–15 years) and 35 children with idiopathic ASD (7–15 years). Idiopathic ASD and NF1 cases will be matched on age, sex and intelligence. All participants will complete cognitive testing and parents will rate their child’s behaviour on standardised questionnaires. Neuroimaging will be completed by a subset of participants aged 7 years and older. Children with NF1 that screen at risk for ASD on the parent-rated Social Responsiveness Scale 2nd Edition will be invited back to complete the Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale 2nd Edition and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised to determine whether they fulfil ASD diagnostic criteria.Ethics and ...

Haghi, M, Windhab, N, Hartwig, B, Young, PM & Traini, D 2019, 'Human Stimulus Factor Is a Promising Peptide for Delivery of Therapeutics', Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 108, no. 4, pp. 1401-1403.
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Fluticasone propionate uptake in the presence of a proprietary cell-penetrating peptide (human stimulus factor, [HSF]) based on the N-terminal domain of lactoferrin was studied, alone and in combination with salmeterol, using an air interface Calu-3 epithelial model. The HSF enhanced uptake and transport of fluticasone propionate across the epithelial barrier when alone and in presence of salmeterol. This was attributed to transcellular-mediated uptake. This HSF is a promising peptide for delivery of therapeutics where enhanced epithelial penetrating is required.

Hall, JM, O’Callaghan, C, Muller, AJ, Ehgoetz Martens, KA, Phillips, JR, Moustafa, AA, Lewis, SJG & Shine, JM 2019, 'Changes in structural network topology correlate with severity of hallucinatory behavior in Parkinson’s disease', Network Neuroscience, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 521-538.
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Inefficient integration between bottom-up visual input and higher order visual processing regions is implicated in visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we investigated white matter contributions to this perceptual imbalance hypothesis. Twenty-nine PD patients were assessed for hallucinatory behavior. Hallucination severity was correlated to connectivity strength of the network using the network-based statistic approach. The results showed that hallucination severity was associated with reduced connectivity within a subnetwork that included the majority of the diverse club. This network showed overall greater between-module scores compared with nodes not associated with hallucination severity. Reduced between-module connectivity in the lateral occipital cortex, insula, and pars orbitalis and decreased within-module connectivity in the prefrontal, somatosensory, and primary visual cortices were associated with hallucination severity. Conversely, hallucination severity was associated with increased between- and within-module connectivity in the orbitofrontal and temporal cortex, as well as regions comprising the dorsal attentional and default mode network. These results suggest that hallucination severity is associated with marked alterations in structural network topology with changes in participation along the perceptual hierarchy. This may result in the inefficient transfer of information that gives rise to hallucinations in PD.

Harrison, LE, Pate, JW, Richardson, PA, Ickmans, K, Wicksell, RK & Simons, LE 2019, 'Best-Evidence for the Rehabilitation of Chronic Pain Part 1: Pediatric Pain', Journal of Clinical Medicine, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 1267-1267.
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Chronic pain is a prevalent and persistent problem in middle childhood and adolescence. The biopsychosocial model of pain, which accounts for the complex interplay of the biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors that contribute to and maintain pain symptoms and related disability has guided our understanding and treatment of pediatric pain. Consequently, many interventions for chronic pain are within the realm of rehabilitation, based on the premise that behavior has a broad and central role in pain management. These treatments are typically delivered by one or more providers in medicine, nursing, psychology, physical therapy, and/or occupational therapy. Current data suggest that multidisciplinary treatment is important, with intensive interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation (IIPT) being effective at reducing disability for patients with high levels of functional disability. The following review describes the current state of the art of rehabilitation approaches to treat persistent pain in children and adolescents. Several emerging areas of interventions are also highlighted to guide future research and clinical practice.

Hart, MR, Biesecker, BB, Blout, CL, Christensen, KD, Amendola, LM, Bergstrom, KL, Biswas, S, Bowling, KM, Brothers, KB, Conlin, LK, Cooper, GM, Dulik, MC, East, KM, Everett, JN, Finnila, CR, Ghazani, AA, Gilmore, MJ, Goddard, KAB, Jarvik, GP, Johnston, JJ, Kauffman, TL, Kelley, WV, Krier, JB, Lewis, KL, McGuire, AL, McMullen, C, Ou, J, Plon, SE, Rehm, HL, Richards, CS, Romasko, EJ, Miren Sagardia, A, Spinner, NB, Thompson, ML, Turbitt, E, Vassy, JL, Wilfond, BS, Veenstra, DL, Berg, JS, Green, RC, Biesecker, LG & Hindorff, LA 2019, 'Secondary findings from clinical genomic sequencing: prevalence, patient perspectives, family history assessment, and health-care costs from a multisite study', Genetics in Medicine, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 1100-1110.
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© 2018, American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. Purpose: Clinical sequencing emerging in health care may result in secondary findings (SFs). Methods: Seventy-four of 6240 (1.2%) participants who underwent genome or exome sequencing through the Clinical Sequencing Exploratory Research (CSER) Consortium received one or more SFs from the original American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recommended 56 gene–condition pair list; we assessed clinical and psychosocial actions. Results: The overall adjusted prevalence of SFs in the ACMG 56 genes across the CSER consortium was 1.7%. Initially 32% of the family histories were positive, and post disclosure, this increased to 48%. The average cost of follow-up medical actions per finding up to a 1-year period was $128 (observed, range: $0–$678) and $421 (recommended, range: $141–$1114). Case reports revealed variability in the frequency of and follow-up on medical recommendations patients received associated with each SF gene–condition pair. Participants did not report adverse psychosocial impact associated with receiving SFs; this was corroborated by 18 participant (or parent) interviews. All interviewed participants shared findings with relatives and reported that relatives did not pursue additional testing or care. Conclusion: Our results suggest that disclosure of SFs shows little to no adverse impact on participants and adds only modestly to near-term health-care costs; additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Hart, MR, Biesecker, BB, Blout, CL, Christensen, KD, Amendola, LM, Bergstrom, KL, Biswas, S, Bowling, KM, Brothers, KB, Conlin, LK, Cooper, GM, Dulik, MC, East, KM, Everett, JN, Finnila, CR, Ghazani, AA, Gilmore, MJ, Goddard, KAB, Jarvik, GP, Johnston, JJ, Kauffman, TL, Kelley, WV, Krier, JB, Lewis, KL, McGuire, AL, McMullen, C, Ou, J, Plon, SE, Rehm, HL, Richards, CS, Romasko, EJ, Sagardia, AM, Spinner, NB, Thompson, ML, Turbitt, E, Vassy, JL, Wilfond, BS, Veenstra, DL, Berg, JS, Green, RC, Biesecker, LG & Hindorff, LA 2019, 'Correction: Secondary findings from clinical genomic sequencing: prevalence, patient perspectives, family history assessment, and health-care costs from a multisite study', Genetics in Medicine, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 1261-1262.
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Heathcote, LC, Pate, JW, Park, AL, Leake, HB, Moseley, GL, Kronman, CA, Fischer, M, Timmers, I & Simons, LE 2019, 'Pain neuroscience education on YouTube', PeerJ, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. e6603-e6603.
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ObjectivesThe Internet in general, and YouTube in particular, is now one of the most popular sources of health-related information. Pain neuroscience education has become a primary tool for managing persistent pain, based in part on the discovery that information about pain can change pain. Our objective was to examine the availability, characteristics, and content of YouTube videos that address the neuroscience of pain.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of videos on YouTube using the search terms “pain education”, “what is pain”, and “pain brain” in January 2018. Videos were included if they were in English, were under 10 minutes long, and included information on the neuroscience of pain. Videos were coded for (i) descriptive characteristics (e.g., number of views, duration on YouTube), (ii) source and style, (iii) whether or not they addressed seven pre-determined target concepts of pain neuroscience education (e.g., ‘Pain is not an accurate marker of tissue state’), and (iv) how engaging they were.ResultsWe found 106 unique videos that met the inclusion criteria. The videos ranged from having four views to over five million views (Mdn= 1,163 views), with the three most highly viewed videos accounting for 75% of the total views. Animated videos were much more highly viewed than non-animated videos. Only a small number of videos had been posted by a clearly-identifiable reputable source such as an academic or medical institution (10%), although a number of videos were posted by healthcare professionals and professional medical societies. For a small number of videos (7%), the source was unclear. We found 17 videos that addressed at least one target concept of pain neuroscience science education, only nine of which were considered to be at least somewhat e...

Hemsley, B, Meredith, J, Bryant, L, Wilson, NJ, Higgins, I, Georgiou, A, Hill, S, Balandin, S & McCarthy, S 2019, 'An integrative review of stakeholder views on Advance Care Directives (ACD): Barriers and facilitators to initiation, documentation, storage, and implementation', Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 102, no. 6, pp. 1067-1079.
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© 2019 Elsevier B.V. Objective: To examine the views and experiences of patients and their health care providers on developing advance care planning (ACP) and advance care directives (ACD); and determine barriers and facilitators to ACD development, storage, and use, including implications for people with communication disability. Method: An integrative review of 93 studies, analysed according to their content themes. Results: Content themes encapsulated the initiation, documentation, and implementation stages of ACP/ACD. Lack of guidance for initiating and supporting ACP/ACD impedes discussions, and both patients and healthcare providers avoid discussions owing to fear of dying and reluctance to think about end-of-life. Conclusions: There are several barriers and facilitators to the initiation of ACP discussions, documentation and implementation of ACD, and little research exploring the views of legal professionals on the development, storage, or use of ACP documents. Further research is needed to explore the timing and responsibility of both legal and health professionals in initiating and supporting ACP discussions. Practice Implications: It is important for healthcare providers to raise ACP discussions regularly so that patients have time to make informed advance care decisions. Storage of the document in an electronic health record might facilitate better access to and implementation of patients’ end-of-life care decisions.

Hemsley, B, Steel, J, Sheppard, JJ, Malandraki, GA, Bryant, L & Balandin, S 2019, 'Dying for a Meal: An Integrative Review of Characteristics of Choking Incidents and Recommendations to Prevent Fatal and Nonfatal Choking Across Populations', American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 1283-1297.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative review of original research, across adult populations relating to fatal or nonfatal choking on food, to understand ways to respond to and prevent choking incidents. Method Four scientific databases (CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, and EMBASE) were searched for original peer-reviewed research relating to fatal or nonfatal choking on foods. Data were extracted on study characteristics; factors leading up to, events at the time of, and actions taken after the choking incident; and impacts of choking incidents. An integrative review of the findings across studies identified several risk factors and recommendations to reduce the risk of choking. Results In total, 52 studies met the criteria for inclusion in this review, of which 31 were quantitative, 17 were qualitative, and 4 were of a mixed methods design. Studies reported the observations and narratives of bystanders or researchers, or else were large-scale autopsy studies, and included both the general public and people at risk of dysphagia. A range of food types were involved, and several actions were reported in response to food choking. Strategies to reduce the risk of choking were identified in the studies and are presented in 5 main categories. Conclusions Factors leading up to choking incidents extend well beyond the individual to the environment for mealtimes; the provision of appropriate mealtime assistance and oral care; and regular monitoring of general health, oral health, and medications. Bystanders' increased awareness and knowledge of how ...

Hemsley, B, Steel, J, Worrall, L, Hill, S, Bryant, L, Johnston, L, Georgiou, A & Balandin, S 2019, 'A systematic review of falls in hospital for patients with communication disability: Highlighting an invisible population', Journal of Safety Research, vol. 68, pp. 89-105.
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© 2018 The Authors Background: Patients with communication disability, associated with impairments of speech, language, or voice, have a three-fold increased risk of adverse events in hospital. However, little research yet examines the causal relationship between communication disability and risk for specific adverse events in hospital. Objective: To examine the impact of a patient's communication disability on their falls risk in hospital. Methods: This systematic review examined 61 studies on falls of adult hospital patients with communication disability, and patients at high risk of communication disability, to determine whether or not communication disability increased risk for falls, and the nature of and reasons for any increased risk. Results: In total, 46 of the included studies (75%) reported on participants with communication disability, and the remainder included patients with health conditions placing them at high risk for communication disability. Two thirds of the studies examining falls risk identified communication disability as contributing to falls. Commonly, patients with communication disability were actively excluded from participation; measures of communication or cognition were not reported; and reasons for any increased risk of falls were not discussed. Conclusions: There is some evidence that communication disability is associated with increased risk of falls. However, the role of communication disability in falls is under-researched, and reasons for the increased risk remain unclear. Practical applications: Including patients with communication disability in falls research is necessary to determine reasons for their increased risk of adverse events in hospital. Their inclusion might be helped by the involvement of speech-language pathologists in falls research teams.

Hespanhol, L, Vallio, CS, Costa, LM & Saragiotto, BT 2019, 'Understanding and interpreting confidence and credible intervals around effect estimates', Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 290-301.
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Hronis, A, Roberts, R, Roberts, L & Kneebone, I 2019, 'Fearless Me!^©: A feasibility case series of cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents with intellectual disability', Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 75, no. 6, pp. 919-932.
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AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the feasibility of the Fearless Me! program, an online cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program for children with intellectual disability (ID) and anxiety.MethodTwenty‐one adolescents with mild to moderate ID participated in ten sessions of the therapist‐assisted Fearless Me! program, combining face‐to‐face group sessions and an online component. A case series design was adopted to assess anxiety symptoms at baseline, throughout intervention, and postintervention. Feasibility of the measures, intervention, and trial design were considered.ResultsThe measures were appropriate and sensitive to changes in anxiety, whereas the need for attention to factors influencing parent’s completion of them was identified. Reliable Change Index and visual analyses of results indicated reductions in anxiety, particularly for older adolescents with heightened levels of anxiety at baseline.ConclusionsThis is one of the first CBT programs for adolescents with ID, and provides preliminary evidence of adapted CBT as a feasible treatment.

Ihle, P, Krueger, K, Schubert, I, Griese‐Mammen, N, Parrau, N, Laufs, U & Schulz, M 2019, 'Comparison of Different Strategies to Measure Medication Adherence via Claims Data in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure', Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol. 106, no. 1, pp. 211-218.
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Medication adherence correlates with morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), but is difficult to assess. We conducted a retrospective methodological cohort study in 3,808 CHF patients, calculating adherence as proportion of days covered (PDC) utilizing claims data from 2010 to 2015. We aimed to compare different parameters’ influence on the PDC of elderly CHF patients exemplifying a complex chronic disease. Investigated parameters were the assumed prescribed daily dose (PDD), stockpiling, and periods of hospital stay. Thereby, we investigated a new approach using the PDD assigned to different percentiles. The different dose assumptions had the biggest influence on the PDC, with variations from 41.9% to 83.7%. Stockpiling and hospital stays increased the values slightly. These results queries that a reliable PDC can be calculated with an assumed PDD. Hence, results based on an assumed PDD have to be interpreted carefully and should be presented with sensitivity analyses to show the PDC's possible range.

Iverach, L, Jones, M, Lowe, R, O’Brian, S, Menzies, RG, Packman, A & Onslow, M 2019, 'Characteristics of adults who stutter by treatments sought', Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 134-142.
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© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Several treatment approaches are available for adults who stutter, including speech treatment, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) treatment for anxiety, and a combination of both. It is useful to determine whether any differences exist between adults who stutter enrolled in different types of treatment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare demographic, speech, and psychological characteristics of adults who stutter enrolled in speech, psychological, and combined treatment programs. Participants were 288 adults who stuttered (18–80 years) enrolled in one of three different treatment programs: Speech Treatment for stuttering (n = 134), Anxiety Treatment for anxiety about stuttering (n = 70), or Speech Treatment for Stuttering With or Without Anxiety Treatment (n = 84). Participants completed a range of demographic, speech, and psychological measures prior to the start of treatment. A significantly higher proportion of participants in the Anxiety Treatment group were in a personal relationship than the other treatment groups. The Anxiety Treatment group had higher average age than the other treatment groups. The Speech Treatment group also demonstrated significantly higher self-rated stuttering severity than the Anxiety Treatment group, even though there were no significant difference between groups for clinician-rated percentage of syllables stuttered. Although most characteristics of adults who stuttered did not vary by treatment type, the present findings suggest that adults who stutter enrolled in speech treatment perceived their stuttering as more severe, which may have prompted treatment seeking. Further research is needed regarding the supportive influence of personal relationship for those with the disorder.

Jacobs, C, Patch, C & Michie, S 2019, 'Communication about genetic testing with breast and ovarian cancer patients: a scoping review', European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 511-524.
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© 2018, The Author(s). Genetic testing of patients with cancer is increasingly offered to guide management, resulting in a growing need for oncology health professionals to communicate genetics information and facilitate informed decision-making in a short time frame. This scoping review aimed to map and synthesise what is known about health professionals’ communication about genetic testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer with cancer patients. Four databases were systematically searched using a recognised scoping review method. Areas and types of research were mapped and a narrative synthesis of the findings was undertaken. Twenty-nine papers from 25 studies were included. Studies were identified about (i) information needs, (ii) process and content of genetic counselling, (iii) cognitive and emotional impact, including risk perception and recall, understanding and interpretation of genetic test results, and anxiety and distress, (iv) patients’ experiences, (v) communication shortly after diagnosis and (vi) alternatives to face-to-face genetic counselling. Patients’ need for cancer-focused, personalised information is not always met by genetic counselling. Genetic counselling tends to focus on biomedical information at the expense of psychological support. For most patients, knowledge is increased and anxiety is not raised by pre-test communication. However, some patients experience anxiety and distress when results are disclosed, particularly those tested shortly after diagnosis who are unprepared or unsupported. For many patients, pre-test communication by methods other than face-to-face genetic counselling is acceptable. Research is needed to identify patients who may benefit from genetic counselling and support and to investigate communication about hereditary breast and ovarian cancer by oncology health professionals.

Jacobs, C, White, S & Phillips, J 2019, 'Genetics in palliative care: too much to ask?', International Journal of Palliative Nursing, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 212-214.
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People with an inherited condition who receive palliative care may be missing out on the opportunity to store a DNA sample for future use by their families and offspring. A DNA sample from a family member affected with an inherited condition can help at-risk relatives to access accurate risk assessment and, where relevant, enhanced surveillance and risk-reducing measures. As genetic and genomic testing becomes increasingly important in all aspects of healthcare, health professionals specialising in palliative care will be asked to communicate about family history risk and testing. This article highlights the importance of discussing genetics and genomics issues for people receiving palliative care, their families and the health professionals caring for them.

Jenkins, L, Chang, W-J, Buscemi, V, Cunningham, C, Cashin, A, McAuley, JH, Liston, M & Schabrun, SM 2019, 'Is there a causal relationship between acute stage sensorimotor cortex activity and the development of chronic low back pain? a protocol and statistical analysis plan', BMJ Open, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. e035792-e035792.
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IntroductionWhy some people develop chronic pain following an acute episode of low back pain is unknown. Recent cross-sectional studies have suggested a relationship between aberrant sensorimotor cortex activity and pain persistence. The UPWaRD (Understanding persistent Pain Where it ResiDes) cohort study is the first prospective, longitudinal investigation of sensorimotor cortex activity in low back pain. This paper describes the development of a causal model and statistical analysis plan for investigating the causal effect of sensorimotor cortex activity on the development of chronic low back pain.Methods and analysisSensorimotor cortex activity was assessed within 6 weeks of low back pain onset using somatosensory evoked potentials and transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping techniques. Chronic low back pain is defined as ongoing pain (Numerical Rating score ≥1) or disability (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire score ≥3) at 6 months follow-up. Variables that could confound the relationship between sensorimotor cortex activity and chronic low back pain were identified using a directed acyclic graph and content expertise was used to specify known causal paths. The statistical model was developed ‘a priori’ to control for confounding variables identified in the directed acyclic graph, allowing an unbiased estimate of the causal effect of sensorimotor activity in acute low back pain on the development of chronic pain. The statistical analysis plan was finalised prior to follow-up of all participants and initiation of analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from Western Sydney University Human Research Ethics Committee (H10465) and from Neuroscience Research Australia (SSA: 16/002). Dissemination will occur through presentations ...

Jenkins, LC, Chang, W-J, Buscemi, V, Liston, M, Toson, B, Nicholas, M, Graven-Nielsen, T, Ridding, M, Hodges, PW, McAuley, JH & Schabrun, SM 2019, 'Do sensorimotor cortex activity, an individual’s capacity for neuroplasticity, and psychological features during an episode of acute low back pain predict outcome at 6 months: a protocol for an Australian, multisite prospective, longitudinal cohort study', BMJ Open, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. e029027-e029027.
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IntroductionLow back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide, with prevalence doubling in the past 14 years. To date, prognostic screening tools display poor discrimination and offer no net benefit of screening over and above a ‘treat all’ approach. Characteristics of the primary sensory (S1) and motor (M1) cortices may predict the development of chronic LBP, yet the prognostic potential of these variables remains unknown. The Understanding persistent Pain Where it ResiDes (UPWaRD) study aims to determine whether sensorimotor cortex activity, an individual’s capacity for plasticity and psychosocial factors in the acute stage of pain, predict LBP outcome at 6 months. This paper describes the methods and analysis plan for the development of the prediction model.Methods and analysisThe study uses a multicentre prospective longitudinal cohort design with 6-month follow-up. 120 participants, aged 18 years or older, experiencing an acute episode of LBP (less than 6 weeks duration) will be included. Primary outcomes are pain and disability.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from Western Sydney University Human Research Ethics Committee (H10465) and from Neuroscience Research Australia (SSA: 16/002). Dissemination will occur through presentations at national and international conferences and publications in international peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberACTRN12619000002189; Pre-results.

Jeon, Y-H, Casey, A-N, Vo, K, Rogers, K, Poole, B & Fethney, J 2019, 'Associations between clinical indicators of quality and aged-care residents’ needs and consumer and staff satisfaction: the first Australian study', Australian Health Review, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 133-133.
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ObjectivesTo ascertain Australian multistate prevalence and incidence of five commonly collected clinical indicators of aged-care home quality and to measure associations between these clinical indicators and levels of care needs and consumer and staff satisfaction.MethodsA retrospective analysis of national audit data collected from 426 facilities between 2015 and 2016 was performed. Regression models were used to examine associations between five clinical indicators (falls, pressure injury, physical restraint, unplanned weight loss and polypharmacy) and level of care needs measured by the Aged Care Funding Instrument (ACFI) and consumer and care staff survey responses.ResultsWith the exception of polypharmacy, commonly collected negative clinical outcomes were rare events. Compared with care homes with &lt;25% of residents having high-level care needs (high ACFI), homes with 25&lt;75% high-ACFI residents had more occurrences of all negative clinical outcomes except pressure injury. Homes with ≥75% high-ACFI residents reported the highest rates of polypharmacy (odds ratio 1.48, 95% confidence interval 1.39 – 1.57). Falls, unplanned weight loss and pressure injury were inversely associated with satisfaction scores adjusted for residents’ level of care needs.ConclusionsThis first Australian study of multistate clinical indicator data suggests interpretation of clinical indicators of aged-care home quality requires consideration of the level of residents’ care needs.What is known about the topic?Many Australian aged-care providers use quality indicators (QI) through benchmarking companies or in-house programs. The five most widely used aged-care clinical QIs in Australia are falls, pressure injury, physical restraint, unplanned weight loss and polypharmacy. Prevalence and incidence of these QIs are highly variable among Australian studies. A consistent message in the international literature is that residents’ clinical chara...

Johnson, C, Santos, JA, Sparks, E, Raj, TS, Mohan, S, Garg, V, Rogers, K, Maulik, PK, Prabhakaran, D, Neal, B & Webster, J 2019, 'Sources of Dietary Salt in North and South India Estimated from 24 Hour Dietary Recall', Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 318-318.
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Recent data on salt intake levels in India show consumption is around 11 g per day, higher than the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommended intake of 5 g per day. However, high-quality data on sources of salt in diets to inform a salt reduction strategy are mostly absent. A cross-sectional survey of 1283 participants was undertaken in rural, urban, and slum areas in North (n = 526) and South (n = 757) India using an age-, area-, and sex-stratified sampling strategy. Data from two 24-h dietary recall surveys were transcribed into a purpose-built nutrient database. Weighted salt intake was estimated from the average of the two recall surveys, and major contributors to salt intake were identified. Added salt contributed the most to total salt intake, with proportions of 87.7% in South India and 83.5% in North India (p < 0.001). The main food sources of salt in the south were from meat, poultry, and eggs (6.3%), followed by dairy and dairy products (2.6%), and fish and seafood (1.6%). In the north, the main sources were dairy and dairy products (6.4%), followed by bread and bakery products (3.3%), and fruits and vegetables (2.1%). Salt intake in India is high, and this research confirms it comes mainly from added salt. Urgent action is needed to implement a program to achieve the WHO salt reduction target of a 30% reduction by 2025. The data here suggest the focus needs to be on changing consumer behavior combined with low sodium, salt substitution.

Johnson, R, Peters, S, Ingles, J, Correnti, G, Ingrey, A, Mountain, H, Zentner, D, Thompson, T, Oates, E, Ronan, A, Pachter, N, Haan, E, Van Spaendonck-Zwarts, K, Semsarian, C, McGaughran, J, Atherton, J, James, P & Fatkin, D 2019, 'Penetrance of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Families with Truncating TTN Variants: a National Perspective', Heart, Lung and Circulation, vol. 28, pp. S140-S140.
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Jun, M, Jardine, MJ, Perkovic, V, Pilard, Q, Billot, L, Rodgers, A, Rogers, K & Gallagher, M 2019, 'Hyperkalemia and renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitor therapy in chronic kidney disease: A general practice-based, observational study', PLOS ONE, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. e0213192-e0213192.
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© 2019 Jun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data on hyperkalemia frequency among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients receiving renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASis) and its impact on subsequent RAASi treatment are limited. This population-based cohort study sought to assess the incidence of clinically significant hyperkalemia among adult CKD patients who were prescribed a RAASi and the proportion of patients with RAASi medication change after experiencing incident hyperkalemia. We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study (1 January 2013–30 June 2017) using Australian national general practice data from the NPS MedicineWise’s MedicineInsight program. The study included adults aged 18 years who received 1 RAASi prescription during the study period and had CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 ml/min/1.73m 2 ). Study outcomes included incident clinically significant hyperkalemia (serum potassium >6 mmol/L or a record of hyperkalemia diagnosis) and among patients who experienced incident hyperkalemia, the proportion who had RAASi medication changes (cessation or dose reduction during the 210-day period after the incident hyperkalemia event). Among 20,184 CKD patients with a median follow-up of 3.9 years, 1,992 (9.9%) patients experienced an episode of hyperkalemia. The overall incidence rate was 3.1 (95% CI: 2.9–3.2) per 100 person-years. Rates progressively increased with worsening eGFR (e.g. 3.5-fold increase in patients with eGFR <15 vs. 45–59 ml/min/ 1.73m 2 ). Among patients who experienced incident hyperkalemia, 46.6% had changes made to their RAASi treatment regimen following the first occurrence of hyperkalemia (discontinuation: 36.6% and dose reduction: 10.0%). In this analysis of adult RAAS...

Kaliuzhna, M, Stein, T, Rusch, T, Sekutowicz, M, Sterzer, P & Seymour, KJ 2019, 'No evidence for abnormal priors in early vision in schizophrenia', Schizophrenia Research, vol. 210, pp. 245-254.
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Karel, YHJM, Miranda, A, Thoomes-de Graaf, M, Scholten-Peeters, GGM, Ottenheijm, RPG, Koes, BW & Verhagen, AP 2019, 'Does the outcome of diagnostic ultrasound influence the treatment modalities and recovery in patients with shoulder pain in physiotherapy practice? Results from a prospective cohort study', Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, vol. 41, pp. 28-35.
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© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Study design: Prospective cohort study including patients with shoulder pain in primary care physiotherapy. Background: There is an increased tendency to use diagnostic ultrasound to aid the diagnostic strategy and target treatment. It is a relatively cheap and accessible imaging technique but the implications for practice and patients are unknown. Objectives: To study the influence of diagnostic ultrasound (DUS) on diagnostic work-up, treatment modalities and recovery. Methods: Participants (n = 389) with a new episode of shoulder pain were assessed at baseline and followed for 6, 12 and 26 weeks. Diagnostic work-up, including the use of DUS, and treatment strategies were reported by the therapists at 3, 6 and 12 weeks. Results: Most patients (41%) were diagnosed with subacromial impingement/pain syndrome after physical examination or DUS. DUS was used in 31% of the participants. Tendinopathy was the most found abnormality in this sub-population. Patients who underwent DUS were more frequently treated using exercise therapy. Patients that not had DUS were more likely to receive massage therapy, trigger point therapy or mobilisation techniques. Logistic regression analyses did not show a significant association between DUS and recovery after 26 weeks (0.88, 95%CI:0.50–1.57). Correcting for the therapist as a confounder using a multilevel binary logistic regression did not show a significant cluster effect. Conclusion: Diagnostic US as a work-up component does not seem to influence diagnosis or recovery but does influence the choice of treatment modality. Conclusions are limited to observational data. High quality randomized trials should study the effect of DUS on recovery.

Katzmann, J, Mahfoud, F, Böhm, M, Schulz, M & Laufs, U 2019, 'Association of medication adherence and depression with the control of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure in patients at high cardiovascular risk', Patient Preference and Adherence, vol. Volume 13, pp. 9-19.
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Background:Many patients at high cardiovascular risk do not reach targets for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and blood pressure (BP). Depression is a frequent comorbidity in these patients and contributes to poor medication adherence. Objective:The aim of this study was to elucidate the associations between adherence to lipid-and BP-lowering drugs, the diagnosis of depression, and the control of LDL-C and BP. Patients and methods:This study was conducted as multicenter, single-visit cross-sectional study in Germany. Adherence was assessed by the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8), and depression was assessed as documented in the patient chart. Results:A total of 3,188 ambulatory patients with hypercholesterolemia (39.8%), stable coronary artery disease (CAD; 7.4%), or both (52.9%) were included. Patients had a history of myocardial infarction (30.8%), diabetes (42.0%), were smokers (19.7%), and 16.1% had the investigator-reported diagnosis of depression. High or moderate adherence to lipid-lowering medication compared to low adherence was associated with lower LDL-C levels (105.5±38.3 vs 120.8±42.4 mg/dL) and lower BP (systolic BP 133.4±14.5 vs 137.9±13.9 mmHg, diastolic BP 78.3±9.6 vs 81.8±9.6 mmHg) and with a higher proportion of patients achieving the guideline-recommended LDL-C (16.9% vs 10.1%) and BP target (52.2% vs 40.8%, all comparisons P<0.0001). Adherence was worse in patients with depression. Correspondingly, patients with depression showed higher LDL-C levels, higher BP, and a lower probability of achieving the LDL-C and BP goal. Medication adherence correlated between BP- and lipid-lowering medications. Conclusion:Self-reported medication adherence can be easily obtained in daily practice. A low adherence and the diagnosis of depression identify patients at risk for uncontrolled LDL-C and BP who likely benefit from intensified care.

Kefalianos, E, Onslow, M, Packman, A, Vogel, A, Pezic, A, Mensah, F, Conway, L, Bavin, E, Block, S & Reilly, S 2019, 'Response to the Letter to the Editor From Marcotte (2019) Regarding “The History of Stuttering by 7 Years: Follow-Up of a Prospective Community Cohort” by Kefalianos et al. (2017)', Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 1369-1370.
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Purpose The purpose of this letter is to respond to Marcotte's (2019) letter to the editor, “The Influence of Treatment on Children's Recovery from Stuttering: Comments on Kefalianos et al. (2017) and Leech et al. (2017),” published by the Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research .

Kjeldsen, SS, Næss-Schmidt, ET, Hansen, GM, Nielsen, JF & Stubbs, PW 2019, 'Neuromuscular effects of dorsiflexor training with and without blood flow restriction', Heliyon, vol. 5, no. 8, pp. e02341-e02341.
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© 2019 Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) has been proposed for elderly and clinical populations with weakness. Before being used in these populations it is important to understand the neurological effects of, and subject perceptions to, BFRT. Seventeen healthy subjects were recruited and performed 2 experimental sessions, BFRT and training without blood flow restriction (TR-only), on separate days. Four sets of concentric/eccentric dorsiflexion contractions against theraband resistance were performed. Surface electromyography of the tibialis anterior was recorded during exercise and for the electrophysiological measures. At baseline, immediately-post, 10-min-post and 20-min-post exercise, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), paired-pulse TMS with interstimulus intervals of 2-ms (SICI) and 15-ms (ICF), and the M-max amplitude were recorded in the resting TA. Following training, subjects provided a numerical rating of the levels of pain, discomfort, fatigue, focus and difficulty during training. Muscle activation was higher in the last 20 contractions during BFRT compared to TR. There was no difference (time × condition interaction) between BFRT and TR for single-pulse MEP, SICI, ICF or M-max amplitude. There was a significant main effect of timepoint for single-pulse MEP and M-max amplitudes with both significantly reduced for 20-min-post exercise. No reductions were observed for SICI and ICF amplitudes. Taken together, BFRT and TR-only were only different during exercise and both regimes induced similar significant reductions in M-Max and MEP-amplitude post-training. Due to the lack of changes in SICI and ICF, it is unlikely that changes occurred in cortical sites related to these pathways. The increased surface electromyography activity in the last 20 contractions, indicate that the training regimes are different and that BFRT possibly induces more fatigue than TR. As such, BFRT could be used as...

Koushik, S, Hewat, S, Onslow, M, Shenker, R, Jones, M, O’Brian, S, Packman, A, Menzies, R, Harrison, E & Wilson, L 2019, 'Three Lidcombe program clinic visit options: a phase II trial', Journal of Communication Disorders, vol. 82, pp. 105919-105919.
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© 2019 Elsevier Inc. Purpose: Weekly clinic visits are recommended in the Lidcombe Program Treatment Guide (Packman et al., 2015). That specification is based on traditional speech-language pathology practices rather than empirical research, and two studies have suggested that such a format does not always occur in clinical communities. This research was conducted to determine the relative efficacy of different Lidcombe Program models of clinic visits. Method: Thirty-one children were randomized to three different service delivery models: twice-weekly, weekly and fortnightly (once every two weeks) clinic visits. All children were treated with the Lidcombe Program following manualised procedures. Measures of percentage syllables stuttered were obtained from beyond clinic audio recordings pre- and post-randomization. Results: Results showed that the twice-weekly and fortnightly treatment formats were not suitable for all families. However, the fortnightly outcomes at 9 months post-randomization were comparable with those attained during weekly clinic visits. Conclusions: These results justify further, large-scale clinical trialling to compare weekly Lidcombe Program clinic visits with schedules involving less frequent clinic visits.

Kumar, N, Turbitt, E, Biesecker, BB, Miller, IM, Cham, B, Smith, KC & Rimal, RN 2019, 'Managing the need to tell: Triggers and strategic disclosure of thalassemia major in Singapore', American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, vol. 179, no. 5, pp. 762-769.
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This study explored patients' experiences and perceptions of living with thalassemia (an inherited hematologic disorder), perceptions of social stigma, and impact on disclosure decision‐making. Semistructured, in‐person interviews were conducted in Singapore with 30 individuals: 16 thalassemia major patients and 14 parents of children with thalassemia. Findings were indicative of felt or enacted stigma that may have influenced disclosure decisions. Although affected individuals commonly disclosed their thalassemia diagnosis to family members, they either downplayed the condition with or avoided disclosure to unrelated individuals. Disclosure outside the family occurred only in response to triggers, such as questions about absences due to medical care. Health professionals should provide anticipatory guidance about disclosure strategies when managing individuals with thalassemia.

Kwok, EL, Leys, G, Koenig-Robert, R & Pearson, J 2019, 'Measuring Thought-Control Failure: Sensory Mechanisms and Individual Differences', Psychological Science, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 811-821.
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The ability to control one’s thoughts is crucial for attention, focus, ideation, and mental well-being. Although there is a long history of research into thought control, the inherent subjectivity of thoughts has made objective examination, and thus mechanistic understanding, difficult. Here, we report a novel method to objectively investigate thought-control success and failure by measuring the sensory strength of visual thoughts using binocular rivalry, a perceptual illusion. Across five experiments ( N = 67), we found that thought-control failure may occur because of the involuntary and antithetical formation of nonreportable sensory representations during attempts at thought suppression but not during thought substitution. Notably, thought control was worse in individuals with high levels of anxiety and schizotypy but more successful in mindful individuals. Overall, our study offers insight into the underlying mechanisms of thought control and suggests that individual differences play an important role in the ability to control thoughts.

Lagad, A, Hodgkinson, K & Newton‐John, TRO 2019, 'Is ignorance bliss, or is knowledge power? When cancer healthcare professionals become cancer patients', European Journal of Cancer Care, vol. 28, no. 4.
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© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Cancer healthcare professionals who are diagnosed with cancer enter the patient journey with considerable illness-specific and healthcare expertise, which may influence the nature of their experience. Insights gained from having personal cancer experience may also lead to changes in professionals' subsequent clinical practice. This study explored cancer professional-patients' experiences of their own cancer diagnosis, changes in practice, and recommendations for cancer care improvements. Participants were current or former cancer healthcare professionals who had ever received a cancer diagnosis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 participants. Thematic analysis with an inductive approach was used for data analysis. Cancer professional-patients faced unique needs, benefits and disadvantages due to their professional background, which both aided and marred their personal cancer experience. Individuals reported subjective practical and emotional-related improvements in their clinical practice, although adverse emotional consequences upon returning to work were also prevalent. Care recommendations highlighted the importance of communication skills training for professionals, integrating psychological support, and providing patient-centred care. In order to provide optimal care for cancer professional-patients, providers must acknowledge their distinct challenges. Findings may help to foster improvements in cancer care practices through developing guidelines for treating cancer professional-patients, and as part of narrative-based medicine.

Langevin, M, Schneider, P, Packman, A & Onslow, M 2019, 'Exploring how preschoolers who stutter use spoken language during free play: A feasibility study', International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 646-654.
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© 2018, © 2018 The Speech Pathology Association of Australia Limited Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Purpose: Play is critically important for the healthy development of children. This study explored the viability of a methodology to investigate how preschoolers who stutter use language in play with peers. Method: Transcripts of peer-directed utterances of four preschoolers who stutter and four matched non-stuttering children during free play were analysed for measures of verbal output (numbers of utterances and words), length and complexity of utterances (mean length of communication unit and syntactic complexity), and lexical diversity (number of different words, type token ratio and vocd). Result: Viable speech samples were obtained. Verbal output scores of two children who stutter were the same or higher than their matched controls whereas mean length of communication unit and syntactic complexity scores for three children who stutter were lower than their matched controls. In 22 of the 24 comparisons across number of different words, type token ratio, and vocd, scores of children who stutter were the same or higher than their matched controls. Conclusion: Interpretation of data is limited by the small sample size and lack of standardised testing. However, results indicate that the methodology has promise for future research into the way preschoolers who stutter use spoken language during play and the quality of their play.

Leake, HB, Heathcote, LC, Simons, LE, Stinson, J, Kamper, SJ, Williams, CM, Burgoyne, LL, Craigie, M, Kammers, M, Moen, D, Pate, JW, Szeto, K & Moseley, GL 2019, 'Talking to Teens about Pain: A Modified Delphi Study of Adolescent Pain Science Education', Canadian Journal of Pain, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 200-208.
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Background: Persistent pain is a prevalent condition that negatively influences physical, emotional, social and family functioning in adolescents. Pain science education is a promising therapy for adults, yet to be thoroughly investigated for persistent pain in adolescents. There is a need to develop suitable curricula for adolescent pain science education. Methods: An interdisciplinary meeting of 12 clinicians and researchers was held during March 2018 in Adelaide, South Australia. An a priori objective of the meeting was to identify and gain consensus on key learning objectives for adolescent pain science education using a modified-Delphi process. Results and Conclusion: Consensus was reached via a modified Delphi process for seven learning objectives to form the foundation of a curriculum: 1) Pain is a protector; 2) The pain system can become overprotective; 3) Pain is a brain output; 4) Pain is not an accurate marker of tissue state; 5) There are many potential contributors to anyone’s pain; 6) We are all bioplastic and; 7) Pain education is treatment. Recommendations are made for promising areas for future research in adolescent pain science education.

Leung, JKH 2019, 'A Need to Specify the Nonspecificity of Mental Disorders and Interventions: Response to Hofmann and Hayes', Clinical Psychological Science, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 187-188.
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Lewis, ET, Dent, E, Alkhouri, H, Kellett, J, Williamson, M, Asha, S, Holdgate, A, Mackenzie, J, Winoto, L, Fajardo-Pulido, D, Ticehurst, M, Hillman, K, McCarthy, S, Elcombe, E, Rogers, K & Cardona, M 2019, 'Which frailty scale for patients admitted via Emergency Department? A cohort study', Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, vol. 80, pp. 104-114.
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OBJECTIVES:To determine the prevalence of frailty in Emergency Departments (EDs); examine the ability of frailty to predict poor outcomes post-discharge; and identify the most appropriate instrument for routine ED use. METHODS:In this prospective study we simultaneously assessed adults 65+yrs admitted and/or spent one night in the ED using Fried, the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and SUHB (Stable, Unstable, Help to walk, Bedbound) scales in four Australian EDs for rapid recognition of frailty between June 2015 and March 2016. RESULTS:899 adults with complete follow-up data (mean (SD) age 80.0 (8.3) years; female 51.4%) were screened for frailty. Although different scales yielded vastly different frailty prevalence (SUHB 9.7%, Fried 30.4%, CFS 43.7%), predictive discrimination of poor discharge outcomes (death, poor self-reported health/quality of life, need for community services post-discharge, or reattendance to ED after the index hospitalization) for all identical final models was equivalent across all scales (AUROC 0.735 for Fried, 0.730 for CFS and 0.720 for SUHB). CONCLUSION:This study confirms that screening for frailty in older ED patients can inform prognosis and target discharge planning including community services required. The CFS was as accurate as the Fried and SUHB in predicting poor outcomes, but more practical for use in busy clinical environments with lower level of disruption. Given the limitations of objectively measuring frailty parameters, self-report and clinical judgment can reliably substitute the assessment in EDs. We propose that in a busy ED environment, frailty scores could be used as a red flag for poor follow-up outcome.

Li, A, Geyer, FC, Blecua, P, Lee, JY, Selenica, P, Brown, DN, Pareja, F, Lee, SSK, Kumar, R, Rivera, B, Bi, R, Piscuoglio, S, Wen, HY, Lozada, JR, Gularte-Mérida, R, Cavallone, L, Aghmesheh, M, Amor, D, Andrews, L, Antill, Y, Balleine, R, Beesley, J, Blackburn, A, Bogwitz, M, Brown, M, Burgess, M, Burke, J, Butow, P, Caldon, L, Campbell, I, Christian, A, Clarke, C, Cohen, P, Crook, A, Cui, J, Cummings, M, Dawson, S-J, De Fazio, A, Delatycki, M, Dobrovic, A, Dudding, T, Duijf, P, Edkins, E, Edwards, S, Farshid, G, Fellows, A, Field, M, Flanagan, J, Fong, P, Forbes, J, Forrest, L, Fox, S, French, J, Friedlander, M, Ortega, DG, Gattas, M, Giles, G, Gill, G, Gleeson, M, Greening, S, Haan, E, Harris, M, Hayward, N, Hickie, I, Hopper, J, Hunt, C, James, P, Jenkins, M, Kefford, R, Kentwell, M, Kirk, J, Kollias, J, Lakhani, S, Lindeman, G, Lipton, L, Lobb, L, Lok, S, Macrea, F, Mann, G, Marsh, D, McLachlan, S-A, Meiser, B, Milne, R, Nightingale, S, O’Connell, S, Pachter, N, Patterson, B, Phillips, K, Saleh, M, Salisbury, E, Saunders, C, Saunus, J, Scott, C, Scott, R, Sexton, A, Shelling, A, Simpson, P, Spigelman, A, Spurdle, M, Stone, J, Taylor, J, Thorne, H, Trainer, A, Trench, G, Tucker, K, Visvader, J, Walker, L, Wallis, M, Williams, R, Winship, I, Wu, K, Young, MA, Rezoug, Z, Nguyen-Dumont, T, Peterlongo, P, Tondini, C, Terkelsen, T, Rønlund, K, Boonen, SE, Mannerma, A, Winqvist, R, Janatova, M, Rajadurai, P, Xia, B, Norton, L, Robson, ME, Ng, P-S, Looi, L-M, Southey, MC, Weigelt, B, Soo-Hwang, T, Tischkowitz, M, Foulkes, WD & Reis-Filho, JS 2019, 'Publisher Correction: Homologous recombination DNA repair defects in PALB2-associated breast cancers', npj Breast Cancer, vol. 5, no. 1.
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An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Li, A, Geyer, FC, Blecua, P, Lee, JY, Selenica, P, Brown, DN, Pareja, F, Lee, SSK, Kumar, R, Rivera, B, Bi, R, Piscuoglio, S, Wen, HY, Lozada, JR, Gularte-Mérida, R, Cavallone, L, Rezoug, Z, Nguyen-Dumont, T, Peterlongo, P, Tondini, C, Terkelsen, T, Rønlund, K, Boonen, SE, Mannerma, A, Winqvist, R, Janatova, M, Rajadurai, P, Xia, B, Norton, L, Robson, ME, Ng, P-S, Looi, L-M, Southey, MC, Weigelt, B, Soo-Hwang, T, Tischkowitz, M, Foulkes, WD, Reis-Filho, JS, Aghmesheh, M, Amor, D, Andrews, L, Antill, Y, Balleine, R, Beesley, J, Blackburn, A, Bogwitz, M, Brown, M, Burgess, M, Burke, J, Butow, P, Caldon, L, Campbell, I, Christian, A, Clarke, C, Cohen, P, Crook, A, Cui, J, Cummings, M, Dawson, S-J, De Fazio, A, Delatycki, M, Dobrovic, A, Dudding, T, Duijf, P, Edkins, E, Edwards, S, Farshid, G, Fellows, A, Field, M, Flanagan, J, Fong, P, Forbes, J, Forrest, L, Fox, S, French, J, Friedlander, M, Ortega, DG, Gattas, M, Giles, G, Gill, G, Gleeson, M, Greening, S, Haan, E, Harris, M, Hayward, N, Hickie, I, Hopper, J, Hunt, C, James, P, Jenkins, M, Kefford, R, Kentwell, M, Kirk, J, Kollias, J, Lakhani, S, Lindeman, G, Lipton, L, Lobb, L, Lok, S, Macrea, F, Mann, G, Marsh, D, McLachlan, S-A, Meiser, B, Milne, R, Nightingale, S, O’Connell, S, Pachter, N, Patterson, B, Phillips, K, Saleh, M, Salisbury, E, Saunders, C, Saunus, J, Scott, C, Scott, R, Sexton, A, Shelling, A, Simpson, P, Spigelman, A, Spurdle, M, Stone, J, Taylor, J, Thorne, H, Trainer, A, Trench, G, Tucker, K, Visvader, J, Walker, L, Wallis, M, Williams, R, Winship, I, Wu, K & Young, MA 2019, 'Homologous recombination DNA repair defects in PALB2-associated breast cancers', npj Breast Cancer, vol. 5, no. 1.
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AbstractMono-allelic germline pathogenic variants in the Partner And Localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2) gene predispose to a high-risk of breast cancer development, consistent with the role of PALB2 in homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair. Here, we sought to define the repertoire of somatic genetic alterations in PALB2-associated breast cancers (BCs), and whether PALB2-associated BCs display bi-allelic inactivation of PALB2 and/or genomic features of HR-deficiency (HRD). Twenty-four breast cancer patients with pathogenic PALB2 germline mutations were analyzed by whole-exome sequencing (WES, n = 16) or targeted capture massively parallel sequencing (410 cancer genes, n = 8). Somatic genetic alterations, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the PALB2 wild-type allele, large-scale state transitions (LSTs) and mutational signatures were defined. PALB2-associated BCs were found to be heterogeneous at the genetic level, with PIK3CA (29%), PALB2 (21%), TP53 (21%), and NOTCH3 (17%) being the genes most frequently affected by somatic mutations. Bi-allelic PALB2 inactivation was found in 16 of the 24 cases (67%), either through LOH (n = 11) or second somatic mutations (n = 5) of the wild-type allele. High LST scores were found in all 12 PALB2-associated BCs with bi-allelic PALB2 inactivation sequenced by WES, of which eight displayed the HRD-related mutational signature 3. In addition, bi-allelic inactivation of PALB2

Light, E, Wiersma, M, Dive, L, Kerridge, I, Critchley, C & Lipworth, W 2019, 'Disruption, Diversity, and Global Biobanking', The American Journal of Bioethics, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 45-47.
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Ling, MLH, Wells, M, Petsoglou, C, Luo, K, Georges, P, Devasahayam, R, Hodge, C, Treloggen, J, Sutton, G & Zhu, M 2019, 'Factors Affecting Corneal Organ Culture Contamination: A 6-year Study at the New South Wales Tissue Bank', Cornea, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 829-835.
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Purpose: To report the rate of microbial contamination and analyze possible risk factors for contamination of banked corneas stored using the organ culture method. Methods: Data from the New South Wales Tissue Banks incorporating the Lions NSW Eye Bank, between September 1, 2011, and November 30, 2017, were reviewed retrospectively. All corneas collected during this period and stored in organ culture storage media were tested for microbial contamination. The influence of potential factors on the rate of contamination was analyzed using the χ2 test and logistic regression using generalized estimating equations. Results: A total of 4410 corneas were included in this study, of which 110 were medium culture positive, representing a microbial contamination rate of 2.5%. The main contaminants were Candida species followed by Staphylococcus species. Corneal tissue collected in summer and autumn had a significantly higher contamination rate (P = 0.006). All other factors studied were not shown to have a statistically significant association with contamination after accounting for within-pair correlation and confounders. Conclusions: A relatively low contamination rate of 2.5% observed in our study reflects the stringent laboratory protocols, strict donor selection criteria, and high level of experience among staff at the Lions NSW Eye Bank. Our study demonstrated that the season of collection had a strong association with the rate of o...

Lucas, C, Smith, L, Lonie, JM, Hough, M, Rogers, K & Mantzourani, E 2019, 'Can a reflective rubric be applied consistently with raters globally? A study across three countries', Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 987-994.
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INTRODUCTION:Reflection is a powerful tool for assisting students to develop the skills to make better informed decisions. As a pharmacy competency standard, reliable and fair assessment strategies are required to measure reflective skills and support students in developing their reflective capacity. The aim of this research was to explore whether we can extend the applicability of a previously tested rubric to a range of educational settings, to account for diversity of pharmacy educators and curricula internationally. METHODS:Four raters from three countries applied a reflective rubric to assess a sample (n = 43) of reflective accounts, representing 41% of a cohort of 105 second-year undergraduate pharmacy students. The interrater reliability (IRR) was measured utilizing the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), using a two-way random effects model with absolute agreement, to determine the level of agreement between the raters' absolute scores. Generalizability Theory analysis was used to estimate generalizability of raters and stages. RESULTS:Results indicated agreement of raters for (i) each of the seven stages of reflection and (ii) overall score for the reflective account, with moderate to substantial agreement (ICC = 0.55-0.69, p < 0.001); and high agreement for all raters for the overall score (ICC = 0.96, p < 0.001), respectively. The G-Study estimated a relative error coefficient of 0.78. CONCLUSION:This additional analysis further confirms the reliability and applicability of the rubric to a range of rater academic backgrounds.

Lucas, C, Williams, K & Bajorek, B 2019, 'Virtual Pharmacy Programs to Prepare Pharmacy Students for Community and Hospital Placements', American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, vol. 83, no. 10, pp. 7011-7011.
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Objective. To explore and evaluate pharmacy students' perceptions of the value and relevance of virtual community and virtual hospital on-campus placement programs. Methods. Students enrolled in a Master of Pharmacy program completed the required Virtual Community Placement (VCP) program and/or the Virtual Hospital Placement (VHP) program. A six-item questionnaire was administered to students after completion of each of the virtual programs to elicit students' perceptions of the value and relevance of the virtual programs. Additional data related to the relevance of specific workshops were collected, including students' self-reported confidence levels to undertake placement in a real-world setting following completion of the virtual programs. Results. Surveys were completed by 61 students in the VCP program and 50 students in the VHP program. Students perceived the virtual programs to be beneficial, with the majority (84% of the VCP students and 98% of the VHP students) reporting that the programs should be an essential component of any pharmacy degree. The majority of students (72%) self-reported an increase in their confidence levels in undertaking a real-world experiential placement after they completed their virtual hospital placement. Conclusion. Completing virtual placement programs prior to pharmacy students beginning their first "real world" pharmacy placements had a positive effect on student learning and confidence levels. Pharmacy students' feedback from this study regarding the relevance of specific learning modules and laboratory sessions will inform future curriculum development of the virtual placement programs.

Lucas, C, Woulfe, J, Lonie, JM, Williams, KA & Smith, L 2019, 'Pharmacy students’ perceptions of ePortfolios in pharmacy education', Pharmacy Education, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 162-170.
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Aims: To investigate perceptions of an ePortfolio structure, its utility to support pharmacy student learning, development of reflective capacity, and attainment of professional competencies. Methods: Mixed-methods two-phase study: Phase 1 (Quantitative): pre- and post-use, 6-item student survey; Phase 2 (Qualitative): 45-minute student focus group. Survey (n=49, RR 82%) and focus group respondents (n=12) provided their perceptions of ePortfolios. Statistically significant findings between Week 1 and Week 14 indicated that in addition to a time consuming exercise, students perceived that the current structure of the ePortfolio did not fully support their learning; development of their reflective capacity; self-directed learning skills; and professional practice. Conclusions: Pharmacy students perceived the ePortfolio needed improvements to reach its full potential. Students indicated that maintaining an ePortfolio is a useful tool to track professional competencies, linking digital evidence and reflections. Proposed suggestions were identified for improvement that would enable them to meet curricular competencies.

Maas, ET, van Dongen, JM, Juch, JNS, Groeneweg, JG, Kallewaard, J-W, de Boer, MR, Koes, B, Verhagen, AP, Huygen, FJPM, van Tulder, MW & Ostelo, RWJG 2019, 'Randomized controlled trials reflected clinical practice when comparing the course of low back pain symptoms in similar populations', Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol. 116, pp. 122-132.
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MacMillan, V, Sheedy, S & Onslow, M 2019, 'Further Predictors of Lidcombe Program Treatment Time', Journal of Clinical Practice in Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 159-164.
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Mallet, K, Shamloul, R, Pugliese, M, Power, E, Corbett, D, Hatcher, S, Shamy, M, Stotts, G, Zakutney, L, Dukelow, S & Dowlatshahi, D 2019, 'RecoverNow: A patient perspective on the delivery of mobile tablet-based stroke rehabilitation in the acute care setting', International Journal of Stroke, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 174-179.
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Background/aim We previously reported the feasibility of RecoverNow (a mobile tablet-based post-stroke communication therapy in acute care). RecoverNow has since expanded to include fine motor and cognitive therapies. Our objectives were to gain a better understanding of patient experiences and recovery goals using mobile tablets. Methods Speech-language pathologists or occupational therapists identified patients with stroke and communication, fine motor, or cognitive/perceptual deficits. Patients were provided with iPads individually programmed with applications based on assessment results, and instructed to use it at least 1 h/day. At discharge, patients completed a 19-question quantitative and open-ended engagement survey addressing intervention timing, mobile device/apps, recovery goals, and therapy duration. Results Over a six-month period, we enrolled 33 participants (three did not complete the survey). Median time from stroke to initiation of tablet-based therapy was six days. Patients engaged in therapy on average 59.6 min/day and preferred communication and hand function therapies. Most patients (63.3%) agreed that therapy was commenced at a reasonable time, although half expressed an interest in starting sooner, 66.7% reported that using the device 1 h/day was enough, 64.3% would use it after discharge, and 60.7% would use it for eight weeks. Sixty-seven percent of patients expressed a need for family/friend/caregiver to help them use it. Conclusion Our results suggest that stroke patients are interested in mobile tablet-based therapy in acute care. Patients in the acute setting prefer to focus on communication and hand therapies, are willing to begin within days of their stroke and may require assistance with the t...

Manchanda, R, Burnell, M, Gaba, F, Sanderson, S, Loggenberg, K, Gessler, S, Wardle, J, Side, L, Desai, R, Brady, AF, Dorkins, H, Wallis, Y, Chapman, C, Jacobs, C, Tomlinson, I, Beller, U, Menon, U & Jacobs, I 2019, 'Attitude towards and factors affecting uptake of population‐based BRCA testing in the Ashkenazi Jewish population: a cohort study', BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, vol. 126, no. 6, pp. 784-794.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate factors affecting unselected population‐based BRCA testing in Ashkenazi Jews (AJ).DesignCohort‐study set within recruitment to the GCaPPS trial (ISRCTN73338115).SettingNorth London AJ population.Population or sampleAshkenazi Jews women/men >18 years, recruited through self‐referral.MethodsAshkenazi Jews women/men underwent pre‐test counselling for BRCA testing through recruitment clinics (clusters). Consenting individuals provided blood samples for BRCA testing. Data were collected on socio‐demographic/family history/knowledge/psychological well‐being along with benefits/risks/cultural influences (18‐item questionnaire measuring ‘attitude’). Four‐item Likert‐scales analysed initial ‘interest’ and ‘intention‐to‐test’ pre‐counselling. Uni‐ and multivariable logistic regression models evaluated factors affecting uptake/interest/intention to undergo BRCA testing. Statistical inference was based on cluster robust standard errors and joint Wald tests for significance. Item‐Response Theory and graded‐response models modelled responses to 18‐item questionnaire.Main outcome measuresInterest, intention, uptake, attitude towards American Educational Research Journal, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1629-1680.
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We evaluated STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) coursework selection by women and men (representative longitudinal sample, 10,370 Australians) in senior high school and university, controlling achievement and expectancy-value variables. A near-zero total effect of gender on high school STEM enrollment reflected pathways favoring boys through achievement and expectancy-value variables, but a counteracting direct effect of gender favoring girls. In contrast, subsequent university STEM enrollment favored boys. In both high school and university, enrollments favored girls in life sciences and boys in physical sciences, but at university there was a leaky pipeline in which girls who qualified to pursue physical sciences opted for non-STEM subjects. Qualitative analysis not only supported quantitative results but also highlighted alternative mechanisms of STEM engagement/disengagement, and mostly supported gender similarities rather than differences.

Martínez‐Mardones, F, Fernandez‐Llimos, F, Benrimoj, SI, Ahumada‐Canale, A, Plaza‐Plaza, JC, S. Tonin, F & Garcia‐Cardenas, V 2019, 'Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Medication Reviews Conducted by Pharmacists on Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors in Ambulatory Care', Journal of the American Heart Association, vol. 8, no. 22.
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Background Pharmacists‐led medication reviews ( MRs ) are claimed to be effective for the control of cardiovascular diseases; however, the evidence in the literature is conflicting. The main objective of this meta‐analysis was to analyze the impact of pharmacist‐led MRs on cardiovascular disease risk factors overall and in different ambulatory settings while exploring the effects of different components of MRs . Methods and Results Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials database. Randomized and cluster randomized controlled trials of pharmacist‐led MRs compared with usual care were included. Settings were community pharmacies and ambulatory clinics. The classification used for MRs was the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe as basic (type 1), intermediate (type 2), and advanced (type 3). Meta‐analyses in therapeutic goals used odds ratios to standardize the effect of each study, and for continuous data (eg, systolic blood pressure) raw differences were calculated using baseline and final values, with 95% CI s. P...

Matar, E, Phillips, JR, Martens, KAE, Halliday, GM & Lewis, SJG 2019, 'Impaired Color Discrimination—A Specific Marker of Hallucinations in Lewy Body Disorders', Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 257-264.
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There is emerging evidence indicating that color discrimination impairments can predict the development of Lewy body dementia in patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, Parkinson disease, and in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Despite this clear relationship, color vision deficits are not seen uniformly in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), suggesting a more nuanced association with the underlying neuropathology. Visual hallucinations represent a discriminating feature of DLB, and recent evidence implicates visual pathway dysfunction as a significant contributor to this phenomenon. In this study, we examined the relationship between color vision impairment and visual hallucinations, along with other clinical and neuropsychological features in 24 well-characterized patients with DLB alongside 25 healthy controls. Color discrimination impairment was seen in 16 (67%) of 24 DLB participants with a higher error score relative to controls ( P = .001). We demonstrate for the first time a strong association between color discrimination errors on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test and both the presence and severity of hallucinatory symptoms in DLB based on clinician-derived ( P = .008) and questionnaire-derived ( P = .03) measures. Correlation with clinical and neuropsychological variables revealed that color discrimination is significantly related to visuospatial difficulties measured by the clock-drawing task ( P = .02) but not to global measures of cognition, motor severity, age, or disease duration in our cohort. Factor analysis confirmed a unique relationship between color discrimination, visual hallucinations, and visuospatial function. Our results suggest that color discrimination does not simply relate to dementia but rather indexes higher order perceptual deficits that may predict visual hallucinations in Lewy body disorders and share a common pathophysiological substrate.

Mavaddat, N, Michailidou, K, Dennis, J, Lush, M, Fachal, L, Lee, A, Tyrer, JP, Chen, T-H, Wang, Q, Bolla, MK, Yang, X, Adank, MA, Ahearn, T, Aittomäki, K, Allen, J, Andrulis, IL, Anton-Culver, H, Antonenkova, NN, Arndt, V, Aronson, KJ, Auer, PL, Auvinen, P, Barrdahl, M, Beane Freeman, LE, Beckmann, MW, Behrens, S, Benitez, J, Bermisheva, M, Bernstein, L, Blomqvist, C, Bogdanova, NV, Bojesen, SE, Bonanni, B, Børresen-Dale, A-L, Brauch, H, Bremer, M, Brenner, H, Brentnall, A, Brock, IW, Brooks-Wilson, A, Brucker, SY, Brüning, T, Burwinkel, B, Campa, D, Carter, BD, Castelao, JE, Chanock, SJ, Chlebowski, R, Christiansen, H, Clarke, CL, Collée, JM, Cordina-Duverger, E, Cornelissen, S, Couch, FJ, Cox, A, Cross, SS, Czene, K, Daly, MB, Devilee, P, Dörk, T, dos-Santos-Silva, I, Dumont, M, Durcan, L, Dwek, M, Eccles, DM, Ekici, AB, Eliassen, AH, Ellberg, C, Engel, C, Eriksson, M, Evans, DG, Fasching, PA, Figueroa, J, Fletcher, O, Flyger, H, Försti, A, Fritschi, L, Gabrielson, M, Gago-Dominguez, M, Gapstur, SM, García-Sáenz, JA, Gaudet, MM, Georgoulias, V, Giles, GG, Gilyazova, IR, Glendon, G, Goldberg, MS, Goldgar, DE, González-Neira, A, Grenaker Alnæs, GI, Grip, M, Gronwald, J, Grundy, A, Guénel, P, Haeberle, L, Hahnen, E, Haiman, CA, Håkansson, N, Hamann, U, Hankinson, SE, Harkness, EF, Hart, SN, He, W, Hein, A, Heyworth, J, Hillemanns, P, Hollestelle, A, Hooning, MJ, Hoover, RN, Hopper, JL, Howell, A, Huang, G, Humphreys, K, Hunter, DJ, Jakimovska, M, Jakubowska, A, Janni, W, John, EM, Johnson, N, Jones, ME, Jukkola-Vuorinen, A, Jung, A, Kaaks, R, Kaczmarek, K, Kataja, V, Keeman, R, Kerin, MJ, Khusnutdinova, E, Kiiski, JI, Knight, JA, Ko, Y-D, Kosma, V-M, Koutros, S, Kristensen, VN, Krüger, U, Kühl, T, Lambrechts, D, Le Marchand, L, Lee, E, Lejbkowicz, F, Lilyquist, J, Lindblom, A, Lindström, S, Lissowska, J, Lo, W-Y, Loibl, S, Long, J, Lubiński, J, Lux, MP, MacInnis, RJ, Maishman, T, Makalic, E, Maleva Kostovska, I, Mannermaa, A, Manoukian, S, Margolin, S, Martens, JWM, Martinez, ME, Mavroudis, D, McLean, C, Meindl, A, Menon, U, Middha, P, Miller, N, Moreno, F, Mulligan, AM, Mulot, C, Muñoz-Garzon, VM, Neuhausen, SL, Nevanlinna, H, Neven, P, Newman, WG, Nielsen, SF, Nordestgaard, BG, Norman, A, Offit, K, Olson, JE, Olsson, H, Orr, N, Pankratz, VS, Park-Simon, T-W, Perez, JIA, Pérez-Barrios, C, Peterlongo, P, Peto, J, Pinchev, M & et al. 2019, 'Polygenic Risk Scores for Prediction of Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Subtypes', The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 104, no. 1, pp. 21-34.
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McAlinden, KD, Deshpande, DA, Ghavami, S, Xenaki, D, Sohal, SS, Oliver, BG, Haghi, M & Sharma, P 2019, 'Autophagy Activation in Asthma Airways Remodeling', American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 541-553.
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Copyright © 2019 by the American Thoracic Society Current asthma therapies fail to target airway remodeling that correlates with asthma severity driving disease progression that ultimately leads to loss of lung function. Macroautophagy (hereinafter “autophagy”) is a fundamental cell-recycling mechanism in all eukaryotic cells; emerging evidence suggests that it is dysregulated in asthma. We investigated the interrelationship between autophagy and airway remodeling and assessed preclinical efficacy of a known autophagy inhibitor in murine models of asthma. Human asthmatic and nonasthmatic lung tissues were histologically evaluated and were immunostained for key autophagy markers. The percentage area of positive staining was quantified in the epithelium and airway smooth muscle bundles using ImageJ software. Furthermore, the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine was tested intranasally in prophylactic (3 wk) and treatment (5 wk) models of allergic asthma in mice. Human asthmatic tissues showed greater tissue inflammation and demonstrated hallmark features of airway remodeling, displaying thickened epithelium (P, 0.001) and reticular basement membrane (P, 0.0001), greater lamina propria depth (P, 0.005), and increased airway smooth muscle bundles (P, 0.001) with higher expression of Beclin-1 (P, 0.01) and ATG5 (autophagy-related gene 5) (P, 0.05) together with reduced p62 (P, 0.05) compared with nonasthmatic control tissues. Beclin-1 expression was significantly higher in asthmatic epithelium and ciliated cells (P, 0.05), suggesting a potential role of ciliophagy in asthma. Murine asthma models demonstrated effective preclinical efficacy (reduced key features of allergic asthma: airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling) of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Our data demonstrate cell context–dependent and selective activation of autophagy in structural cells in asthma. Furthermore, this pathway can be effectively targeted to amelio...

McAloon, J & Lazarou, K 2019, 'Preventative Intervention for Social, Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties in Toddlers and Their Families: A Pilot Study', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 569-569.
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Preventative intervention early in life is key to interrupting trajectories toward subsequent emotional and behavioural problems later in life. This study examined the effectiveness of the Holding Hands program, an innovative program of preventative intervention aimed at improving the behavioural and emotional functioning of 12 to 48-month-old toddlers, and the wellbeing of their parents. This program seeks to synthesise the existing evidence in four ways; it incorporates both traditional Parent Management Training and Direct Coaching methods. It is intensive, significantly reducing session numbers and it explicitly addresses parental emotion regulation. The program also utilises operant learning principals in an effort to contingently reinforce behaviour that parents want to see more of, without employing exclusionary strategies in response to behavior that parents want to see less of. Thirty-one families, with a toddler who met clinical or sub-clinical cut-offs for externalising or internalising problems, were self- or externally-referred to the six- to eight-week program. Results indicated statistically significant improvement in toddler emotional and behavioural functioning, and parent well-being on a range of psychometric measures from pre- to post-treatment. Treatment gains were maintained for parents and children at follow-up. Implications of these findings for clinical practice and suggestions for future research are discussed.

McCabe, MJ, Gauthier, M-EA, Chan, C-L, Thompson, TJ, De Sousa, SMC, Puttick, C, Grady, JP, Gayevskiy, V, Tao, J, Ying, K, Cipponi, A, Deng, N, Swarbrick, A, Thomas, ML, Lord, RV, Johns, AL, Kohonen-Corish, M, O’Toole, SA, Clark, J, Mueller, SA, Gupta, R, McCormack, AI, Dinger, ME, Cowley, MJ, Aghmesheh, M, Amor, D, Andrews, L, Antill, Y, Armitage, S, Arnold, L, Balleine, R, Bastick, P, Beesley, J, Beilby, J, Bennett, I, Blackburn, A, Bogwitz, M, Botes, L, Brennan, M, Brown, M, Buckley, M, Burgess, M, Burke, J, Butow, P, Caldon, L, Callen, D, Campbell, I, Chauhan, D, Chauhan, M, Chenevix-Trench, G, Christian, A, Clarke, C, Cohen, P, Colley, A, Crook, A, Cui, J, Culling, B, Cummings, M, Dawson, S-J, deFazio, A, Delatycki, M, Dickson, R, Dixon, J, Dobrovic, A, Dudding, T, Edkins, T, Edwards, S, Eisenbruch, M, Farshid, G, Fellows, A, Fenton, G, Field, M, Flanagan, J, Fong, P, Forrest, L, Fox, S, French, J, Friedlander, M, Gaff, C, Ortega, DG, Gattas, M, George, P, Giles, G, Gill, G, Greening, S, Haan, E, Harris, M, Hart, S, Hayward, N, Heiniger, L, Hopper, J, Hunt, C, James, P, Jenkins, M, Kefford, R, Kidd, A, Kirk, J, Koehler, J, Kollias, J, Lakhani, S, Lindeman, G, Lipton, L, Lobb, L, Mann, G, Marsh, D, McLachaln, SA, Meiser, B, Milne, R, Nightingale, S, O’Connell, S, O’Sullivan, S, Pachter, N, Patterson, B, Phillips, K, Pieper, E, Rickard, E, Robinson, B, Saleh, M, Salisbury, E, Sambrook, J, Saunders, C, Saunus, J, Scott, E, Scott, C, Scott, R, Sexton, A, Shelling, A, Simpson, P, Southey, M, Spurdle, A, Taylor, J, Thorne, H, Trainer, A, Tucker, K, Visvader, J, Walker, L, Williams, R, Winship, I & Young, M-A 2019, 'Development and validation of a targeted gene sequencing panel for application to disparate cancers', Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1.
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AbstractNext generation sequencing has revolutionised genomic studies of cancer, having facilitated the development of precision oncology treatments based on a tumour’s molecular profile. We aimed to develop a targeted gene sequencing panel for application to disparate cancer types with particular focus on tumours of the head and neck, plus test for utility in liquid biopsy. The final panel designed through Roche/Nimblegen combined 451 cancer-associated genes (2.01 Mb target region). 136 patient DNA samples were collected for performance and application testing. Panel sensitivity and precision were measured using well-characterised DNA controls (n = 47), and specificity by Sanger sequencing of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Interacting Protein (AIP) gene in 89 patients. Assessment of liquid biopsy application employed a pool of synthetic circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA). Library preparation and sequencing were conducted on Illumina-based platforms prior to analysis with our accredited (ISO15189) bioinformatics pipeline. We achieved a mean coverage of 395x, with sensitivity and specificity of >99% and precision of >97%. Liquid biopsy revealed detection to 1.25% variant allele frequency. Application to head and neck tumours/cancers resulted in detection of mutations aligned to published databases. In conclusion, we have developed an analytically-validated panel for application to cancers of disparate types with utility in liquid biopsy.

McCall, HC, Helgadottir, FD, Menzies, RG, Hadjistavropoulos, HD & Chen, FS 2019, 'Evaluating a Web-Based Social Anxiety Intervention Among Community Users: Analysis of Real-World Data', Journal of Medical Internet Research, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. e11566-e11566.
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© Hugh Cameron McCall, Fjola Dogg Helgadottir, Ross G Menzies, Heather D Hadjistavropoulos, Frances S Chen. Background: Social anxiety is both harmful and prevalent. It also currently remains among the most undertreated major mental disorders, due, in part, to socially anxious individuals’ concerns about the stigma and expense of seeking help. The privacy and affordability of computer-aided psychotherapy interventions may render them particularly helpful in addressing these concerns, and they are also highly scalable, but most tend to be only somewhat effective without therapist support. However, a recent evaluation of a new self-guided, 7-module internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy intervention called Overcome Social Anxiety found that it was highly effective. Objective: The initial evaluation of Overcome Social Anxiety revealed that it led to significant reductions in symptom severity among university undergraduates. The aim of this study was to extend the results of the initial study and investigate their generalizability by directly evaluating the intervention’s effectiveness among a general community sample. Methods: While signing up for Overcome Social Anxiety, users consented to the usage of their anonymized outcome data for research purposes. Before and after completing the intervention, users completed the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNE), which we employed as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and 2 bespoke questionnaires measuring socially anxious thoughts (Thoughts Questionnaire) and avoidance behaviors (Avoidance Questionnaire). Results: Participants who completed the intervention (102/369, 27.7%) experienced significant reductions in the severity of their symptoms on all measures employed, including FNE (P<.001; Cohen d=1.76), the depression subscale of DASS (P<.001; Cohen d=0.70), the anxiety subscale of DASS (P<.001; Cohen d=0.74), the stress subs...

McEwen, A, McLean, J & Jacobs, C 2019, 'Reflections on the use of co-design to develop a genetic counselling curriculum fit for purpose for the genomic era: a case study', Journal of Educational Innovation, Partnership and Change, vol. 5, pp. 18-26.
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The era of genomic medicine heralds a pivotal moment for the genetic counselling profession, forcing a re-evaluation of the traditional roles of genetic counsellors and the emergence of new roles. Education providers have an exciting opportunity to incorporate the complexity of a rapidly-changing profession into curriculum design and the education of future generations of genetic counsellors. Co-design invites stakeholders to become participants, contributors and partners in the design process, to create a collective perspective on a complex issue. At University of Technology Sydney, development of a new ‘Master of Genetic Counselling’ program began by asking how best to design curriculum in times of rapid change in the field. Using co-design principles, we engaged members of the profession and other key stakeholders in activities exploring this matter. Engagement in program design fostered a sense of ownership and commitment to educating the genetic counsellors of the future among the current workforce. Early work has prepared us to engage with students as partners and build the foundation for a flexible and emergent curriculum that is responsive to the changing needs of the profession.

McGrath, M, Lever, S, McCluskey, A & Power, E 2019, 'Developing interventions to address sexuality after stroke: Findings from a four-panel modified Delphi study', Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 352-360.
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© 2019 Foundation of Rehabilitation Information. Background: Although stroke has a profound impact on sexuality there are limited evidence-based interventions to support rehabilitation professionals in this area. The aim of the current research was to prioritize content areas and approaches to sexual rehabilitation from the perspective of stroke survivors, their partners, stroke rehabilitation clinicians and researchers. Methods: A 2-step online Delphi method was used to prioritize the content of, and approaches to, sexual rehabilitation with stroke survivors, their partners, stroke rehabilitation clinicians and researchers. Results: Stroke survivors (n=30), their partners (n=18), clinicians and researchers in stroke rehabilitation (n=45) completed at least 1 of 2 investigator-developed surveys. Participants prioritized 18 core content areas for inclusion in sexual rehabilitation following stroke with a high degree of consensus. Another 27 content areas were considered moderately important. There was strong consensus that sexual rehabilitation should be offered in the subacute and chronic phases of stroke recovery. Participants would prefer health professionals to deliver the intervention face-to-face. Conclusion: This study presents opinions from stroke survivors, partners of stroke survivors, clinicians and researchers. The information about content, timing and mode of delivery will be used to develop and evaluate a comprehensive sexuality rehabilitation programme.

McMullan, RD, Berle, D, Arnáez, S & Starcevic, V 2019, 'The relationships between health anxiety, online health information seeking, and cyberchondria: Systematic review and meta-analysis', Journal of Affective Disorders, vol. 245, pp. 270-278.
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© 2018 Background: Cyberchondria refers to an abnormal behavioral pattern in which excessive or repeated online searches for health-related information are distressing or anxiety-provoking. Health anxiety has been found to be associated with both online health information seeking and cyberchondria. The aims of the present systematic review and meta-analysis were to examine the magnitude of these associations and identify any moderator variables. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed across several databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase) and reference lists of included studies. Results: Twenty studies were included across two independent meta-analyses, with 7373 participants. Random effects meta-analyses showed that there was a positive correlation between health anxiety and online health information seeking [r = 0.34, 95% CI (0.20, 0.48), p <.0001], and between health anxiety and cyberchondria [r = 0.62, 95% CI (0.52, 0.71), p <.0001]. A meta-regression indicated that the age of study participants [Q(1) = 4.58, p =.03] was partly responsible for the heterogeneity found for the relationship between health anxiety and cyberchondria. Limitations: The generalizability and validity of our findings are restricted by the methodological limitations of the primary studies, namely, an over-reliance on a single measure of cyberchondria, the Cyberchondria Severity Scale. Conclusions: Our review found a positive correlation between health anxiety and online health information seeking, and between health anxiety and cyberchondria. Further research should aim to explore the contexts for these associations as well as address the identified limitations of the extant literature.

Melvin, K, Meyer, C & Ryan, B 2019, '“We don't know what we don't know”: Providing information about communication to families of children with Down syndrome', Child: Care, Health and Development, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 423-432.
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AbstractPurposeChildren with Down syndrome often present with a communication disability, and families require information to support their child's communication. Effective provision of information by professionals is an important part of family‐centred practice. However, we currently do not know the specific communication information needs of families of children with Down syndrome. This study aimed to (1) explore families' experiences of communication information provision and (2) identify families' preferences regarding when, what and how they would like to receive information about communication.MethodA qualitative descriptive approach was used to explore the experiences and information needs of nine family members of children with Down syndrome aged 0–15 years. Data from semistructured, in‐depth interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree core themes were identified: (1) We want more information about communication to be provided by professionals now and into the future so we can be “self‐help people.” (2) We want general information resources that help us support our child's communication. (3) We want to have a two‐way partnership with professionals so we can share and receive specific information about our child's communication.ConclusionIneffective information provision restricts families' capacity to be self‐help people in supporting communication development. Ongoing provision of both general and specific information about communication is needed in different formats. This study informs the development of resources to better meet families' information needs.

Menzies, R, O’Brian, S, Packman, A, Jones, M, Helgadóttir, FD & Onslow, M 2019, 'Supplementing stuttering treatment with online cognitive behavior therapy: An experimental trial', Journal of Communication Disorders, vol. 80, pp. 81-91.
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© 2019 Elsevier Inc. Purpose: It is now well established that adults who present to speech clinics for help with stuttering will have an increased risk of having an anxiety disorder, particularly social anxiety disorder. Concomitant psychological problems are known to interfere with the maintenance of the benefits of behavioral speech treatments for stuttering. The current team has developed and trialed a cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) program designed specifically to reduce anxiety in adults who stutter, and trials have shown promise for both an in-clinic version and a standalone internet-based version. The aim of the present study is to determine whether iGlebe, the internet-based version of the team's internet CBT treatment (previously known as CBTPsych), enhances the benefits of behavioral stuttering treatment. Method: Participants were 32 adults seeking treatment for stuttering. The design was a two-arm randomized experimental trial with blinded outcome assessments at 6 and 12 months post-randomization. Both arms received basic speech-restructuring training to reduce stuttering, without any anxiolytic (anxiety reducing) components. The experimental arm also received 5 months access to iGlebe. Results: There was evidence that, at 12 months post-randomization, iGlebe added clinically significant improvements to self-reported stuttering severity and quality of life. The present experimental trial provides the first evidence that the addition of CBT to speech restructuring improves speech outcomes. Conclusions: The present results will be the basis for the development of a comprehensive, internet-based treatment program for anxiety associated with stuttering. Ultimately, it may be possible for such an economical, scalable, and translatable comprehensive treatment model to supplement standard speech-language pathology treatment practices for those who stutter.

Menzies, RG, Packman, A, Onslow, M, O'Brian, S, Jones, M & Helgadóttir, FD 2019, 'In-Clinic and Standalone Internet Cognitive Behavior Therapy Treatment for Social Anxiety in Stuttering: A Randomized Trial of iGlebe', Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 1614-1624.
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Purpose iGlebe is an individualized, fully automated Internet cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) treatment program that requires no clinician contact. Phase I and II trials have demonstrated that it may be efficacious for treating the social anxiety commonly associated with stuttering. The present trial sought to establish whether the outcomes achieved by iGlebe are noninferior to those associated with in-clinic CBT from clinical psychologists. Method Fifty adults with stuttering were randomized to receive in-clinic CBT for anxiety or 5 months online access to iGlebe. The design was a noninferiority randomized controlled trial with outcomes assessed at prerandomization and at 6 and 12 months postrandomization. Primary outcomes were CIDI-Auto-2.1 diagnoses for anxiety and mood disorders and Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation scale scores ( Carleton, McCreary, Norton, & Asmundson, 2006 ). Secondary outcomes included speech, psychology, and quality-of-life measures. Results Outcomes consistently showed clinically significant improvements of around a medium effect size for the cohort as a whole from prerandomization to 6 months postrandomization, which were maintained at 12 months postrandomization. Comparisons between the 2 treatments showed little difference between iGlebe and in-clinic treatment for all primary and secondary outcomes, with last observation carried forward for missing data. Conclusions iGlebe is a promising individualized treatment for social anxiety for ad...

Metcalfe, SA, Hickerton, C, Savard, J, Stackpoole, E, Tytherleigh, R, Tutty, E, Terrill, B, Turbitt, E, Gray, K, Middleton, A, Wilson, B, Newson, AJ & Gaff, C 2019, 'Australians’ perspectives on support around use of personal genomic testing: Findings from the Genioz study', European Journal of Medical Genetics, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 290-299.
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Personal genomic testing using direct-to-consumer and consumer-directed models, with or without involvement of healthcare providers, is increasing internationally, including in Australia. This study forms a sub-set of the Genioz study - Genomics: National Insights of Australians. We aimed to explore Australians' experiences with these types of tests, especially online DNA tests, and their views regarding whom they would seek support from around understanding test results. The study used a mixed methods approach, employing an exploratory quantitative online survey and follow-up qualitative semi-structured interviews. Between May 2016 and May 2017, 2841 Australians responded to the survey. Interviews were conducted with 63 purposively sampled respondents, including 45 who had a genetic test and 18 who had not. Of 571 respondents who had any type of genetic test, 322 had a personal genomic test using criteria defined by the researchers. Testing for ancestry/genealogy was the most common, reported by 267 participants, reflecting the increased advertising of these tests in Australia. Some respondents described downloading their raw data for further interpretation through third party websites for genealogical as well as health related information. Carrier testing, testing for serious and preventable conditions and nutrition and/or wellness were the most common health related tests reported by respondents. Participants generally preferred to seek support from general practitioners (GPs), medical specialists with relevant expertise and independent genetics specialists, although another important preference for non-health information was online forums and networks. There was less preference for seeking support from employees associated with the testing companies. Generally, of those who had a health related PGT, the most common actions were seeking medical advice or doing nothing with the information, while more of those who had a personal genomic test for nutrition and/o...

Morandini, JS, Veldre, A, Holcombe, AO, Hsu, K, Lykins, A, Bailey, JM & Dar-Nimrod, I 2019, 'Visual Attention to Sexual Stimuli in Mostly Heterosexuals', Archives of Sexual Behavior, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 1371-1385.
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Morgan, IG, French, AN & Rose, K 2019, 'Myopia in low-resource settings.', Community Eye Health, vol. 32, no. 105, pp. 11-11.
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Increasing levels of myopia will pose particular challenges in low- or middleincome countries. Preventing or delaying myopia onset is crucial.

Moussa, L, Garcia-Cardenas, V & Benrimoj, SI 2019, 'Change Facilitation Strategies Used in the Implementation of Innovations in Healthcare Practice: A Systematic Review', Journal of Change Management, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 283-301.
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© 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. To improve patient outcomes, healthcare practices undergo constant implementation of innovations. An implementation intervention that considers organizational and behavioural aspects is facilitation. Change Facilitators help individuals and groups realize what they need to change and how to make change happen. However, behavioural change trials require more sufficient details to improve delivery, fidelity and evaluation. The aim of this paper was to identify facilitation strategies used during the implementation of innovations in health care, determine those most frequently used and their relation to study outcomes. For this systematic review, randomized controlled trials reporting an onsite facilitator to aid in innovation implementation in a healthcare setting were identified. The database search yielded 2,350 articles, from which 35 studies were included. From these, 51 facilitation strategies were identified. Nine of the strategies appeared in more than 50% of studies and those reporting positive results included: goal-setting, assessing progress and outcomes, and providing tools and resources. These findings provide facilitators with evidence-based strategies to deliver in practice and to ensure consistency in facilitation training. Future research should aim to provide further tools that recommend the most effective facilitation strategies and a model to improve the effectiveness, efficiency and evaluation of the change facilitation process. MAD statement This article sets out to make a difference for those implementing innovations in the healthcare industry, by arming change facilitators with practical, evidence-based strategies to facilitate change more effectively. Furthermore, this article highlights the need for specific tools and models that improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the change facilitation process and its evaluation.

Naylor, B, Hesam-Shariati, N, McAuley, JH, Boag, S, Newton-John, T, Rae, CD & Gustin, SM 2019, 'Reduced Glutamate in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Is Associated With Emotional and Cognitive Dysregulation in People With Chronic Pain', Frontiers in Neurology, vol. 10.
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A decrease in glutamate in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been extensively found in animal models of chronic pain. Given that the mPFC is implicated in emotional appraisal, cognition and extinction of fear, could a potential decrease in glutamate be associated with increased pessimistic thinking, fear and worry symptoms commonly found in people with chronic pain? To clarify this question, 19 chronic pain subjects and 19 age- and gender-matched control subjects without pain underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Both groups also completed the Temperament and Character, the Beck Depression and the State Anxiety Inventories to measure levels of harm avoidance, depression, and anxiety, respectively. People with chronic pain had significantly higher scores in harm avoidance, depression and anxiety compared to control subjects without pain. High levels of harm avoidance are characterized by excessive worry, pessimism, fear, doubt and fatigue. Individuals with chronic pain showed a significant decrease in mPFC glutamate levels compared to control subjects without pain. In people with chronic pain mPFC glutamate levels were significantly negatively correlated with harm avoidance scores. This means that the lower the concentration of glutamate in the mPFC, the greater the total scores of harm avoidance. High scores are associated with fearfulness, pessimism, and fatigue-proneness. We suggest that chronic pain, particularly the stress-induced release of glucocorticoids, induces changes in glutamate transmission in the mPFC, thereby influencing cognitive, and emotional processing. Thus, in people with chronic pain, regulation of fear, worry, negative thinking and fatigue is impaired.

Neukirch, N, Reid, S & Shires, A 2019, 'Yoga for PTSD and the role of interoceptive awareness: A preliminary mixed-methods case series study', European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 7-15.
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Nickerson, A, Byrow, Y, O’Donnell, M, Mau, V, McMahon, T, Pajak, R, Li, S, Hamilton, A, Minihan, S, Liu, C, Bryant, RA, Berle, D & Liddell, BJ 2019, 'The association between visa insecurity and mental health, disability and social engagement in refugees living in Australia', European Journal of Psychotraumatology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1688129-1688129.
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Background: The vast majority of the world’s refugees and people seeking asylum live in a state of sustained displacement. Little is known, however, about the mental health impact of prolonged insecurity. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between insecure visa status and mental health, suicidality, disability and social engagement in a sample of refugees and asylum-seekers living in Australia Method: Participants were 1,085 refugees with secure (i.e. permanent residency or Australian citizenship, n = 826, 76.1%) and insecure (i.e. asylum-seeker claim, bridging visa, temporary visa, n = 259, 23.9%) visa status who had arrived in Australia since January 2011, and were from Arabic, Farsi, Tamil or English-speaking backgrounds. Participants completed an online survey assessing pre- and post-migration experiences, mental health, disability and social engagement. Results: Results indicated that, after controlling for background factors, refugees with insecure visas had significantly greater PTSD symptoms, depression symptoms, thoughts of being better off dead and suicidal intent compared to those with secure visas. There were no group differences in disability. Refugees with insecure visas received support from significantly more groups in the Australian community than those with secure visas. Further, refugees with insecure visa status who had low group membership showed greater depression symptoms and suicidal intent than those with secure visa status who had low group membership. Conclusion: Findings highlight the negative mental health consequences of living in a state of protracted uncertainty for refugees and people seeking asylum, and the key role of social engagement in influencing mental health amongst insecure visa holders. Results also underscore the importance of designing and implementing policies and services that facilitate improved mental health for those with visa insecurity.

Nisselle, A, Martyn, M, Jordan, H, Kaunein, N, McEwen, A, Patel, C, Terrill, B, Bishop, M, Metcalfe, S & Gaff, C 2019, 'Ensuring Best Practice in Genomic Education and Evaluation: A Program Logic Approach', Frontiers in Genetics, vol. 10, p. 1057.
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© Copyright © 2019 Nisselle, Martyn, Jordan, Kaunein, McEwen, Patel, Terrill, Bishop, Metcalfe and Gaff. Targeted genomic education and training of professionals have been identified as core components of strategies and implementation plans for the use of genomics in health care systems. Education needs to be effective and support the sustained and appropriate use of genomics in health care. Evaluation of education programs to identify effectiveness is challenging. Furthermore, those responsible for development and delivery are not necessarily trained in education and/or evaluation. Program logic models have been used to support the development and evaluation of education programs by articulating a logical explanation as to how a program intends to produce the desired outcomes. These are highly relevant to genomic education programs, but do not appear to have been widely used to date. To assist those developing and evaluating genomic education programs, and as a first step towards enabling identification of effective genomic education approaches, we developed a consensus program logic model for genomic education. We drew on existing literature and a co-design process with 24 international genomic education and evaluation experts to develop the model. The general applicability of the model to the development of programs was tested by program convenors across four diverse settings. Conveners reported on the utility and relevance of the logic model across development, delivery and evaluation. As a whole, their feedback suggests that the model is flexible and adaptive across university award programs, competency development and continuing professional development activities. We discuss this program logic model as a potential best practice mechanism for developing genomic education, and to support development of an evaluation framework and consistent standards to evaluate and report genomic education program outcomes and impacts.

Noetel, M, Ciarrochi, J, Van Zanden, B & Lonsdale, C 2019, 'Mindfulness and acceptance approaches to sporting performance enhancement: a systematic review', International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 139-175.
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© 2017, © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Background: Mindfulness and experiential acceptance approaches have been suggested as a method of promoting athletic performance by optimally managing the interplay among attention, cognition, and emotion. Our aim was to systematically review the evidence for these approaches in the sporting domain. Method: Studies of any design exploring mindfulness and acceptance in athletic populations were eligible for inclusion. We completed searches of PsycINFO, Scopus, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus in May 2016. Two authors independently assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and we synthesised the evidence using the GRADE criteria. Results: Sixty-six studies (n = 3908) met inclusion criteria. None of the included studies were rated as having a low risk of bias. Compared to no treatment in randomised trials, large effect sizes were found for improving mindfulness, flow, and performance, and lower competitive anxiety. Evidence was graded to be low quality, meaning further research is very likely to have an important impact on confidence in these effects. Conclusions: A number of studies found positive effects for mindfulness and acceptance interventions; however, with limited internal validity across studies, it is difficult to make strong causal claims about the benefits these strategies offer for athletes.

O'Loughlin, I & Newton-John, TRO 2019, '‘Dis-comfort eating’: An investigation into the use of food as a coping strategy for the management of chronic pain', Appetite, vol. 140, pp. 288-297.
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© 2019 Objectives: Chronic pain and obesity are major public health concerns. Animal and human models have demonstrated that eating high-sugar nutrient-dense foods confers analgesic effects. Moreover, recent research suggests that people with chronic pain may “comfort eat” to cope with their pain. Given the harmful impact of obesity on chronic pain, it is critical to determine whether pain elicits comfort eating amongst individuals with chronic pain to ensure that this potentially maladaptive pain coping strategy is not overlooked in chronic pain treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to: determine whether chronic pain intensity predicts pain-induced comfort eating and identify mediators of this relationship; to determine whether pain-induced comfort eating predicts elevated BMI; and to establish whether BMI predicts chronic pain interference. Methods: This study utilised a cross-sectional online survey design and a sample of 151 adults with chronic pain. Results: Over three-quarters of this chronic pain sample reported engaging in pain-induced comfort eating. Chronic pain intensity did not significantly predict pain-induced comfort eating. However, there was a significant indirect effect of chronic pain intensity on pain-induced comfort eating through stress—but not experiential avoidance or pain catastrophising. As predicted, pain-induced comfort eating significantly predicted increased BMI, and BMI in turn significantly predicted greater chronic pain interference. Discussion: This study indicates that pain-induced comfort eating is both common and harmful amongst individuals with chronic pain, across the entire BMI spectrum. Pain-induced comfort eating and stress have emerged as promising chronic pain treatment targets. The findings are discussed and interpreted in light of extant research and theory, as well as limitations of the current study. Future research directions and clinical implications are also considered.

Onslow, M & Lowe, R 2019, 'After the RESTART trial: six guidelines for clinical trials of early stuttering intervention', International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 517-528.
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AbstractBackgroundThe Rotterdam Evaluation Study of Stuttering Therapy randomized trial (RESTART) was seminal, comparing the Lidcombe Program with RESTART Demands and Capacities Model‐based treatment (RESTART‐DCM) for pre‐school age children who stutter.AimsTo critique the methods of the RESTART trial to develop guidelines for its systematic replication and extension. Beyond that, to contribute to the refinement of existing methodological guidelines for early stuttering intervention.MethodThe discussion is organized around methodological issues of primary outcomes, treatment completion, clinician allegiance, treatment fidelity, age exclusions and no‐treatment control reasoning.Main ContributionWe recommend six methodological guidelines to guide future clinical trials comparing the Lidcombe Program with RESTART‐DCM, which can be applied to clinical trials of other early stuttering intervention methods: (1) incorporate a continuous measure of primary outcome; (2) ensure that all children in clinical trials have completed treatment; (3) eliminate potential bias due to clinician allegiance; (4) establish treatment fidelity within and beyond the clinic; (5) include children younger than 3 years in clinical trials; and (6) establish an estimate of treatment effect size at some stage of treatment development.ConclusionIn addition to guiding future clinical research comparing RESTART‐DCM and Lidcombe Program treatment, these recommendations may extend to influence positively other treatment developments for early stuttering.

Page, MJ, O’Connor, DA, Malek, M, Haas, R, Beaton, D, Huang, H, Ramiro, S, Richards, P, Voshaar, MJH, Shea, B, Verhagen, AP, Whittle, SL, van der Windt, DA, Gagnier, JJ & Buchbinder, R 2019, 'Patients’ experience of shoulder disorders: a systematic review of qualitative studies for the OMERACT Shoulder Core Domain Set', Rheumatology, vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 1410-1421.
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Abstract Objectives To describe the experiences (including symptoms and perceived impacts on daily living) of people with a shoulder disorder. Methods Systematic review of qualitative studies. We searched for eligible qualitative studies indexed in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, CINAHL (EBSCO), SportDiscus (EBSCO) and Ovid PsycINFO up until November 2017. Two authors independently screened studies for inclusion, appraised their methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist, used thematic synthesis methods to generate themes describing the experiences reported by participants and assessed the confidence in the findings using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (GRADE-CERQual) approach. Results The inclusion criteria were met by eight studies, which included 133 participants (49 females and 84 males) with either rotator cuff disease, adhesive capsulitis, proximal humeral fracture, shoulder instability or unspecified shoulder pain. We generated seven themes to describe what people in the included studies reported experiencing: pain; physical function/activity limitations; participation restriction; sleep disruption; cognitive dysfunction; emotional distress; and other pathophysiological manifestations (other than pain). There were interactions between the themes, with particular experiences impacting on others (e.g. pain leading to reduced activities and sleep disruption). Following grading of the evidence, we considered it likely that most of the review findin...

Pate, J, Hancock, M, Tofts, L, Epps, A, Baldwin, J, McKay, M, Burns, J, Morris, E & Pacey, V 2019, 'Longitudinal Fibular Deficiency: A Cross-Sectional Study Comparing Lower Limb Function of Children and Young People with That of Unaffected Peers', Children, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 45-45.
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Longitudinal fibular deficiency (LFD), or fibular hemimelia, is congenital partial or complete absence of the fibula. We aimed to compare the lower limb function of children and young people with LFD to that of unaffected peers. A cross-sectional study of Australian children and young people with LFD, and of unaffected peers, was undertaken. Twenty-three (12 males) children and young people with LFD (74% of those eligible) and 213 unaffected peers, all aged 7–21 years were subject to the Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS/KOOS-Child) and the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT/CAIT-Youth). Linear regression models compared affected children and young people to unaffected peers. Participants with LFD scored lower in both outcomes (adjusted p < 0.05). The difference between participants with LFD and unaffected peers was significantly greater among younger participants than older participants for KOOS activities and sports domain scores (adjusted p ≤ 0.01). Differences in the other KOOS domains (pain/symptoms/quality of life) and ankle function (CAIT scores) were not affected by age (adjusted p ≥ 0.08). Children and young people with LFD on average report reduced lower limb function compared to unaffected peers. Knee-related activities and sports domains appear to be worse in younger children with LFD, and scores in these domains become closer to those of unaffected peers as they become older.

Pate, JW, Noblet, T, Hush, JM, Hancock, MJ, Sandells, R, Pounder, M & Pacey, V 2019, 'Exploring the concept of pain of Australian children with and without pain: qualitative study', BMJ Open, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. e033199-e033199.
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ObjectiveA person’s concept of pain can be defined as how they understand what pain actually is, what function it serves and what biological processes are thought to underpin it. This study aimed to explore the concept of pain in children with and without persistent pain.DesignIn-depth, face-to-face interviews with drawing tasks were conducted with 16 children (aged 8–12 years) in New South Wales, Australia. Thematic analysis was used to analyse and synthesise the data.SettingChildren with persistent pain were identified from a pain clinic waiting list in Australia, and children without pain were identified through advertising flyers and email bulletins at a university and hospital.ParticipantsEight children had persistent pain and eight children were pain free.ResultsFour themes emerged from the data: ‘my pain-related knowledge’, ‘pain in the world around me’, ‘pain in me’ and ‘communicating my concept of pain’. A conceptual framework of the potential interactions between the themes resulting from the analysis is proposed. The concept of pain of Australian children aged 8–12 years varied depending on their knowledge, experiences and literacy levels. For example, when undertaking a drawing task, children with persistent pain tended to draw emotional elements to describe pain, whereas children who were pain free did not.ConclusionsGaining an in-depth understanding of a child’s previous pain-related experiences and knowledge is important to facilitate clear and meaningful pain science education. The use of age-appropriate language, in combination with appropriate assessment and education tasks such as dr...

Pate, JW, Veage, S, Lee, S, Hancock, MJ, Hush, JM & Pacey, V 2019, 'Which Patients With Chronic Pain Are More Likely to Improve Pain Biology Knowledge Following Education?', Pain Practice, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 363-369.
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AbstractBackgroundPain education is an important part of multidisciplinary management of chronic pain. The characteristics of people likely to have more improvement in pain biology knowledge following pain education are unknown.ObjectiveTo identify the baseline factors predicting changes in pain biology knowledge in adults with chronic pain following a 2‐hour multidisciplinary pain education session.MethodsFifty‐five adults with chronic pain attended a 2‐hour pain education session prior to a multidisciplinary assessment at a pain clinic. Patients completed the 12‐item revised Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (rNPQ, score/12) before and after the pain education session. The primary outcome was change in pain biology knowledge, evaluated with the change in rNPQ score. Ten preselected predictors were investigated using univariate models followed by multivariable models with a manual forwards‐building process.ResultsEducation level and age were significantly associated with change in rNPQ score in the univariate models. Participants with higher levels of education had, on average, 1.96 (0.68 to 3.23) points more improvement in rNPQ score than those with lower levels of education. For every 10 years older a participant was, his or her rNPQ score changed on average by 0.5 (0.1 to 0.8) points less. In the multivariable model, only the education level remained significant, explaining 17% of the vari...

Peiris, D, Wright, L, News, M, Rogers, K, Redfern, J, Chow, C & Thomas, D 2019, 'A Smartphone App to Assist Smoking Cessation Among Aboriginal Australians: Findings From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial', JMIR mHealth and uHealth, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. e12745-e12745.
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© David Peiris, Lachlan Wright, Madeline News, Kris Rogers, Julie Redfern, Clara Chow, David Thomas. Background: Mobile health (mHealth) apps have the potential to increase smoking cessation, but little research has been conducted with Aboriginal communities in Australia. Objective: We conducted a pilot study to assess the feasibility and acceptability and explore the effectiveness of a novel mHealth app to assist Aboriginal people to quit smoking. Methods: A pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) and process evaluation comprising usage analytics data and in-depth interviews was conducted. Current Aboriginal smokers (>16 years old), who were willing to make a quit attempt in the next month, were recruited from Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services and a government telephone coaching service. The intervention was a multifaceted Android or iOS app comprising a personalized profile and quit plan, text and in-app motivational messages, and a challenge feature allowing users to compete with others. The comparator was usual cessation support services. Outcome data collection and analysis were conducted blinded to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was self-reported continuous smoking abstinence verified by carbon monoxide breath testing at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included point prevalence of abstinence and use of smoking cessation therapies and services. Results: A total of 49 participants were recruited. Competing service delivery priorities, the lack of resources for research, and lack of support for randomization to a control group were the major recruitment barriers. At baseline, 23/49 (47%) of participants had tried to quit in recent weeks. At 6-month follow-up, only 1 participant (intervention arm) was abstinent. The process evaluation highlighted low to moderate app usage (3-10 new users per month and 4-8 returning users per month), an average of 2.9 sessions per user per month and 6.3 min per session. Key themes from interviews with inter...

Peters, R, Mutsaers, B, Verhagen, AP, Koes, BW & Pool-Goudzwaard, AL 2019, 'Prospective Cohort Study of Patients With Neck Pain in a Manual Therapy Setting: Design and Baseline Measures', Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 471-479.
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Phillips, K, Brockman, R, Bailey, PE & Kneebone, II 2019, 'Young Schema Questionnaire – Short Form Version 3 (YSQ-S3): Preliminary validation in older adults', Aging & Mental Health, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 140-147.
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© 2017, © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to establish the reliability and validity of one of the most used schema questionnaires, Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form Version 3 (YSQ-S3) in older adults. Method: 104 participants aged 60–84 years were recruited. They were administered a battery of questionnaires, including the YSQ-S3, Young-Atkinson Mode Inventory (YAMI), Germans (Personality) Screener, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) and the Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNS). The YSQ-S3 was completed a second time by 83 participants a median of 12 days later. Results: Satisfactory internal consistency reliability was found for 13 of the 18 early maladaptive schemas (EMS) of the YSQ-S3. Test-retest reliability was satisfactory for 17 of 18 EMS. Convergent validity was evident from significant correlations between the EMS of the YSQ-S3 and the vulnerable child and angry child schema modes from the YAMI. Congruent validity was evident from correlations of the majority of the EMS with the GDS, the GAI, German's (Personality) Screener and the BPNS measure. Conclusions: By and large the YSQ-S3 demonstrates internal and test re-test reliability in as well as congruent and convergent validity, in older adults. This suggests the YSQ-S3 may be of use in work establishing the utility of schema therapy in this population, and that schema therapy with older people warrants further exploration. Notwithstanding this some re-development of some EMS items appears to be required for the YSQ-S3 to be more relevant to older people.

Piper, A & Berle, D 2019, 'The association between trauma experienced during incarceration and PTSD outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis', The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 854-875.
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© 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Incarcerated people often experience victimisation and trauma. Whilst the occurrence of Potentially Traumatic Events (PTEs) withinduring incarceration is acknowledged, little empirical research has examined PTEs that occur during incarceration and their association with PTSD. The current systematic review and meta-analysis sought to explore the association between PTEs during incarceration and PTSD, summarise key characteristics of the existing literature and understand the extent to which specific PTEs and participant characteristics are associated with PTSD. Six studies met the review inclusion criteria. Overall, studies reported high rates of PTEs during incarceration and found significant positive associations between PTEs, including victimisation and abuse, solitary confinement and coercion experienced within incarceration and PTSD outcomes (r = 0.32). Surprisingly, time spent incarcerated and pre-incarceration mental health concerns were not significantly associated with PTSD. The results of this review highlight the detrimental psychological effects of PTEs experienced during incarceration. The associations highlighted underline the need for trauma-informed care and eradication of PTEs within the prison environment. However, there remains a need for methodologically robust studies, in order to increase understanding of the PTSD-related consequences that may arise from incarceration and to optimise the post-release adjustment of prisoners.

Pont, LG, Fisher, M & Williams, K 2019, 'Appropriate Use of Laxatives in the Older Person', Drugs & Aging, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 999-1005.
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Constipation is a common condition, affecting up to half of all older adults during their lifetime. Untreated constipation has significant impacts, decreasing quality of life and potentially leading to urinary and/or faecal incontinence, faecal impaction and, in severe cases, hospitalisation. The increased constipation prevalence among older populations is multifactorial, with a number of age-related factors contributing to the rise in prevalence with aging. Laxatives are the mainstay of constipation management and are commonly used among older populations for both treatment and prevention of constipation. A range of laxative types including bulk forming agents, softeners and emollients, osmotic agents, stimulants, and the newer prokinetic and secretory agents are available. Despite laxatives being freely available without prescription in many countries and commonly used by older individuals, evidence regarding the effectiveness or safety of most laxatives in older populations is lacking. Additionally, age-related changes increase the risk of adverse effects associated with laxatives, such as electrolyte disturbances, among older persons. Caution must be taken when extrapolating recommendations for general adult populations to older populations. Laxative choice for older individuals should be tailored after careful assessment and consideration of comorbid conditions, concomitant medications and the potential for adverse effects.

Pottegård, A, Klungel, O, Winterstein, A, Huybrechts, K, Hallas, J, Schneeweiss, S, Evans, S, Bate, A, Pont, L, Trifirò, G, Smith, M & Bourke, A 2019, 'The International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology's Comments on the Core Recommendations in the Summary of the Heads of Medicines Agencies (HMA) ‐ EMA Joint Big Data Task Force', Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 1640-1641.
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Prnjak, K & Jukic, I 2019, 'Searching for Eating Disorder-related Topics on the Internet: What Distinguishes Symptomatic from Asymptomatic Women?', Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 213-226.
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Raban, MZ, Walter, SR, Pont, LG, Cheung, L, Strumpman, D & Westbrook, JI 2019, 'The potential impact of an electronic medication management system on safety‐critical prescribing errors in an emergency department', Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 108-115.
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AbstractBackgroundMedication errors in hospitals are common. Although electronic medication management systems (eMMS) have the potential to reduce errors during inpatient care, little is known about their effect in emergency departments (ED).AimThe aims of this study were to report on the types of prescribing errors in an ED prior to implementation of an eMMS, to assess the risk the errors pose to patient safety and to evaluate whether safety‐critical errors were potentially preventable with a newly implemented eMMS.MethodsMedication orders on paper charts were assessed for prescribing errors by a clinical hospital pharmacist. Error severity was rated using a five‐point scale. Errors of moderate or higher severity, and all errors involving defined high‐risk medicines were considered safety‐critical errors. The potential for safety‐critical errors to be prevented by the eMMS was rated (likely, possibly or unlikely).ResultsAcross 239 medication orders, 208 errors (27 clinical, 181 legal or procedural) were identified. The overall prescribing error rate was 0.87 errors/order. There were 67 safety‐critical errors (53 legal or procedural, 14 clinical). Overall, 82.1% of errors were likely preventable by eMMS. However, of the clinical safety‐critical errors, only 2 (14.3%) were con...

Rahman, A, Jagnoor, J, Baset, KU, Ryan, D, Ahmed, T, Rogers, K, Hossain, MJ, Ivers, R & Rahman, AKMF 2019, 'Vulnerability to fatal drowning among the population in Southern Bangladesh: findings from a cross-sectional household survey', BMJ Open, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. e027896-e027896.
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ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the fatal drowning burden and associated risk factors in Southern Bangladesh.SettingsThe survey was conducted in 39 subdistricts of all 6 districts of the Barisal division, Southern Bangladesh.ParticipantsAll residents (for a minimum 6 months prior to survey) of the Barisal division, Southern Bangladesh.Intervention/methodsA cross-sectional, divisionally representative household survey was conducted in all six districts of the Barisal division between September 2016 and February 2017, covering a population of 386 016. Data were collected by face-to-face interview with adult respondents using handheld electronic tablets. International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-v. 10 (ICD-10) Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality codes for drowning, W65–W74, X36–X39, V90, V92, X71 or X92, were used as the operational definition of a drowning event.ResultsThe overall fatal drowning rate in Barisal was 37.9/100 000 population per year (95% CI 31.8 to 43.9). The highest fatal drowning rate was observed among children aged 1–4 years (262.2/100 000/year). Mortality rates among males (48.2/100 000/year) exceeded that for females (27.9/100 000/year). A higher rate of fatal drowning was found in rural (38.9/100 000/year) compared with urban areas (29.3/100 000/year). The results of the multivariable logistic regression identified that the factors significantly associated with fatal drowning were being male (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.3), aged 1–4 years (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.4 to 6.4) and residing in a household with four or more children (four or more children OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.9; and five or more children OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2 to ...

Ramiro, S, Page, MJ, Whittle, SL, Huang, H, Verhagen, AP, Beaton, DE, Richards, P, Voshaar, M, Shea, B, van der Windt, DA, Kopkow, C, Lenza, M, Jain, NB, Richards, B, Hill, C, Gill, TK, Koes, B, Foster, NE, Conaghan, PG, Smith, T, Malliaras, P, Roe, Y, Gagnier, JJ & Buchbinder, R 2019, 'The OMERACT Core Domain Set for Clinical Trials of Shoulder Disorders', The Journal of Rheumatology, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 969-975.
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Objective.To reach consensus on the core domains to be included in a core domain set for clinical trials of shoulder disorders using the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Filter 2.1 Core Domain Set process.Methods.At OMERACT 2018, the OMERACT Shoulder Working Group conducted a workshop that presented the OMERACT 2016 preliminary core domain set and its rationale based upon a systematic review of domains measured in shoulder trials and international Delphi sessions involving patients, clinicians, and researchers, as well as a new systematic review of qualitative studies on the experiences of people with shoulder disorders. After discussions in breakout groups, the OMERACT core domain set for clinical trials of shoulder disorders was presented for endorsement by OMERACT 2018 participants.Results.The qualitative review (n = 8) identified all domains included in the preliminary core set. An additional domain, cognitive dysfunction, was also identified, but confidence that this represents a core domain was very low. The core domain set that was endorsed by the OMERACT participants, with 71% agreement, includes 4 “mandatory” trial domains: pain, function, patient global — shoulder, and adverse events including death; and 4 “important but optional” domains: participation (recreation/work), sleep, emotional well-being, and condition-specific pathophysiological manifestations. Cognitive dysfunction was voted out of the core domain set.Conclusion.OMERACT 2018 delegates endorsed a core domain set for clinical trials of shoulder disorders. The next step includes identification of a core outcome measurement set that passes the OMERACT 2.1 Filter for measuring each domain.

Reid, K & Berle, D 2019, 'Parental trajectories of PTSD and child adjustment: Findings from the Building a New Life in Australia study.', American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 288-295.
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© 2019 Global Alliance for Behavioral Health and Social Justice. Evidence suggests that the psychosocial adjustment of children of refugees may be compromised when a parent has symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We sought to determine whether trajectories of parental PTSD symptoms might relate to child adjustment and whether there is an additive effect when both parents, as opposed to just one, has prominent PTSD symptoms. We report data from the first three years of a prospective study of recent Australian humanitarian migrants: the Building a New Life in Australia study. Parental PTSD symptoms were assessed on three occasions, and latent class growth analysis was used to identify homogenous groups of parents based on their PTSD symptoms. The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire was administered to assess child psychosocial adjustment. Regression analyses were then conducted to determine whether trajectories of parental PTSD symptoms predicted child adjustment. After controlling for child age and gender, the presence of either one or both parents with persistently high PTSD symptoms was associated with children's having greater emotional difficulties and poorer overall psychosocial adjustment. Children with both parents with persistently high PTSD had higher levels of emotional difficulties than did children with a single parent with high PTSD symptoms. For emotional difficulties, though not other domains of child psychosocial adjustment, there indeed appears to be an additive impact of having two parents, rather than just one, with persistently high PTSD symptoms, although the magnitude of these effects was small. The clinical and service provision implications of these findings are discussed.

Roberts, MC, Turbitt, E & Klein, WMP 2019, 'Psychosocial, attitudinal, and demographic correlates of cancer-related germline genetic testing in the 2017 Health Information National Trends Survey', Journal of Community Genetics, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 453-459.
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© 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. The study objective was to examine bivariate and multivariate associations among worry, perceptions, attitudes, sociodemographics, and uptake of cancer-related germline genetic testing. We used data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (cycle 5.1), administered (January–May 2017) to a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized adults (n = 3285). Those who had “heard about genetic tests that determine how a disease can be treated” had a higher likelihood of Lynch syndrome and BRCA1/2 testing (aRR = 2.57, p < 0.01; aRR = 3.23, p < 0.04). Attitudinal and psychosocial variables were not associated with uptake. Future research should explore ways to educate the public about the potential use of genetics in treatment decision-making.

Rose, TA, Wallace, SJ & Leow, S 2019, 'Family members’ experiences and preferences for receiving aphasia information during early phases in the continuum of care', International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 470-482.
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Ryan, B, Bohan, J & Kneebone, I 2019, 'Help‐seeking and people with aphasia who have mood problems after stroke: perspectives of speech–language pathologists', International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 779-793.
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AbstractBackground: Access to treatments for mood disorders may pose a challenge to individuals with compromised communication ability. Speech–language pathologists (SLPs) have previously reported that their clients with aphasia decline formal psychological support; however, their role in their clients’ help‐seeking has not been explored.Aims: To investigate SLPs’ perspectives on how they currently support help‐seeking for mood problems in people with aphasia and factors they perceive to be impacting service uptake.Methods & Procedures: A qualitative interview study was conducted. SLPs in Australia working with people with aphasia in a clinical role were recruited. Transcripts of the interviews were subject to qualitative analysis to identify relevant themes.Outcomes & Results: Eighteen interviews were conducted. One overarching theme and three sub‐themes were identified as central to SLPs’ experience. The overarching theme was of a ‘double whammy’ impact on help‐seeking: people with aphasia were subject to universal barriers associated with seeking help as well as additional barriers imposed by compromised communication. Three themes contributed to the overarching theme: (1) SLPs’ understanding of barriers and facilitators to patients with aphasia seeking help; (2) the role of the SLP as a skilled helper for mood management; and (3) mood and communication as competing rehabilitation priorities.Conclusions & Implications: SLPs report both universal barriers to help‐seeking and those specific to their clients with aphasia and attempts to overcome these; however, there appears to be a dearth of accessible mental health services for people with aphasia known to SLPs, including psychological/counselling profession...

Said, A, Ganso, M, Freudewald, L & Schulz, M 2019, 'Trends in dispensing oral emergency contraceptives and safety issues: a survey of German community pharmacists', International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 1499-1506.
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AbstractBackground Oral emergency contraceptives containing levonorgestrel or ulipristal acetate are available without prescription and only in pharmacies in Germany since March 2015. Due to this change community pharmacists are responsible for evaluating whether the product is appropriate and to educate women on proper use. Objective To measure the utilization of emergency contraceptives without a prescription and describe potential concerns and safety issues identified by community pharmacists in Germany. Setting The Drug Commission of German Pharmacists' nationwide network of reference pharmacies which includes 860 community pharmacies. Methods Reference community pharmacies were asked to participate in the eleven-questions online survey. Respondents were asked to recall their experiences with oral emergency contraceptives in the past 3 months. Data were collected between January 8 and February 19, 2018. Main outcome measure The survey focused on the utilization of emergency contraceptives without a prescription in Germany, and on the pharmacists’ experiences with (potential) problems and concerns regarding safe use. Results In total, 555 community pharmacies (64.5%) participated. Overall 38.2% of community pharmacists stated they dispensed six to ten courses of emergency contraceptives within the past 3 months. In addition, 54.3% of the pharmacists estimated they dispensed emergency contraceptives exclusively without prescription and 35.9% dispensed more than 30% of emergency contraceptives during night-time and emergency services. Moreover, 82.8% of pharmacists stated that emergency contraceptives were requested not by the women concerned but a third person and 44.3% identified uncertainties in woman's self-diagnosis. Three out of four pharmacists had conc...

Sakiris, N & Berle, D 2019, 'A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Unified Protocol as a transdiagnostic emotion regulation based intervention', Clinical Psychology Review, vol. 72, pp. 101751-101751.
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© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Recent advances in clinical practice emphasise transdiagnostic interventions as an effective alternative to single disorder approaches. This current systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the treatment efficacy of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) across internalising disorders, as an emotion regulation (ER) based intervention program. Across 15 studies and 1244 participants, large effect size reductions were found across symptoms of anxiety, depression, generalised anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder with/without agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, and borderline personality disorder. In addition, there were moderate effect sizes indicating increased use of adaptive and decreased use of maladaptive ER strategies, highlighting the UP as an effective ER based intervention. Secondary treatment benefits in functional impairment and quality of life were also evident. Implications on future transdiagnostic ER based research are discussed.

Santo, K, Singleton, A, Rogers, K, Thiagalingam, A, Chalmers, J, Chow, CK & Redfern, J 2019, 'Medication reminder applications to improve adherence in coronary heart disease: a randomised clinical trial', Heart, vol. 105, no. 4, pp. 323-329.
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ObjectiveThe aim of the MEDication reminder APPs to improve medication adherence in Coronary Heart Disease Study was to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of using publicly available high-quality medication reminder applications (apps) to improve medication adherence compared with usual care in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). An additional aim was to examine whether an app with additional features improved adherence further.MethodsPatients with CHD (n=163) were randomised to one of three groups: (1) usual care, (2) a basic app or (3) an advanced app with interactive/customisable features. The primary analysis compared usual care versus app use on the primary outcome of the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included blood pressure and cholesterol levels.ResultsThe mean age was 57.9 years and 87.7% were male. At 3 months, patients using an app had higher adherence (mean MMAS-8 score 7.11) compared with the usual care group (mean MMAS-8 score 6.63) with a mean difference between groups of 0.47 (95% CI 0.12 to 0.82, p=0.008). There was no significant difference in patients using the basic app versus the advanced app (mean difference −0.16, 95% CI −0.56 to 0.24, p=0.428). There were no significant differences in secondary clinical outcome measures.ConclusionPatients with CHD who used medication reminder apps had better medication adherence compared with usual care, and using apps with additional features did not improve this outcome further. These data suggest medication apps are likely to help patients with chronic health conditions adhere to medicines, but further examination of whether such benefits are sustained is warranted.

Savard, J, Hickerton, C, Tytherleigh, R, Terrill, B, Turbitt, E, Newson, AJ, Wilson, B, Gray, K, Gaff, C, Middleton, A, Stackpoole, E & Metcalfe, SA 2019, 'Australians’ views and experience of personal genomic testing: survey findings from the Genioz study', European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 711-720.
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Schlosser, RW, Hemsley, B, Shane, H, Todd, J, Lang, R, Lilienfeld, SO, Trembath, D, Mostert, M, Fong, S & Odom, S 2019, 'Rapid Prompting Method and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Systematic Review Exposes Lack of Evidence', Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 403-412.
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© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. This systematic review is aimed at examining the effectiveness of the rapid prompting method (RPM) for enhancing motor, speech, language, and communication and for decreasing problem behaviors in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A multi-faceted search strategy was carried out. A range of participant and study variables and risk and bias indicators were identified for data extraction. RPM had to be evaluated as an intervention using a research design capable of empirical demonstration of RPM’s effects. No studies met the inclusion criteria, resulting in an empty review that documents a meaningful knowledge gap. Controlled trials of RPM are warranted. Given the striking similarities between RPM and Facilitated Communication, research that examines the authorship of RPM-produced messages needs to be conducted.

Schönfeld, T, Heinemann, A, Schulz, M, Gradl, G, Andresen-Streichert, H, Müller, A & Iwersen-Bergmann, S 2019, 'Post-mortem analysis of prescription opioids—A follow-up examination by LC–MS/MS with focus on fentanyl', Forensic Science International, vol. 305, pp. 109970-109970.
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Schulz, M, Griese‐Mammen, N, Anker, SD, Koehler, F, Ihle, P, Ruckes, C, Schumacher, PM, Trenk, D, Böhm, M & Laufs, U 2019, 'Pharmacy‐based interdisciplinary intervention for patients with chronic heart failure: results of the PHARM‐CHF randomized controlled trial', European Journal of Heart Failure, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 1012-1021.
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AimsMedication non‐adherence is frequent and is associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). We investigated whether an interdisciplinary intervention improves adherence in elderly CHF patients.Methods and resultsThe study population (mean age 74 years, 62% male, mean left ventricular ejection fraction 47%, 52% in New York Heart Association class III) consisted of 110 patients randomized into the pharmacy care and 127 into the usual care group. The median follow‐up was 2.0 years (interquartile range 1.2–2.7). The pharmacy care group received a medication review followed by regular dose dispensing and counselling. Control patients received usual care. The primary endpoint was medication adherence as proportion of days covered (PDC) within 365 days for three classes of heart failure medications (beta‐blockers, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists). The main secondary outcome was the proportion of adherent patients (PDC ≥ 80%). The primary safety endpoint was days lost due to unplanned cardiovascular hospitalizations (blindly adjudicated) or death. Pharmacy care compared with usual care resulted in an absolute increase in mean adherence to three heart failure medications for 365 days [adjusted difference 5.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–9.8, P = 0.007]. The proportion of patients classified as adherent increased (odds ratio 2.9, 95% CI 1.4–5.9, P = 0.005). Pharmacy care improved quality of life after 2 years (adjusted difference in Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire scores −7.8 points (−14.5 to −1.1; P = 0.02), compared to usual care. Pharmacy care did not affect the safety endpoints of hospitalizations or deaths.

Shires, A, Sharpe, L & Newton John, TRO 2019, 'The relative efficacy of mindfulness versus distraction: The moderating role of attentional bias', European Journal of Pain, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 727-738.
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AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated whether the ability to disengage quickly from pain‐related stimuli moderated the relative efficacy of a mindfulness‐based intervention versus distraction in response to an experimental pain task.MethodsParticipants (n = 100) completed a dot probe task with eye tracking and were then randomized (2:2:1) to receive a mindfulness‐based interoceptive exposure task (MIET), distraction instructions or no instructions (control group) before engaging in the cold pressor test.ResultsParticipants who were allocated to the MIET condition reported a significantly higher pain threshold and distress than the distraction group, although not significantly higher than the control group. Those in the MIET group had improved tolerance compared to both the distraction and control groups. Difficulty disengaging from pain‐related stimuli, as measured by the duration of the first fixation on sensory words, was found to moderate the relative efficacy of mindfulness versus distraction in terms of pain threshold and distress, but not tolerance. Those with difficulty disengaging from sensory pain words benefited less from the MIET. Duration of first fixation on sensory and affective pain words were highly correlated, and duration of first fixation on affective pain words also moderated the relative efficacy of MIET and distraction on threshold, but not distress.ConclusionsThese results show that a single brief session of a mindfulness task was sufficient to change an acute pain experience in comparison with a distraction task, and that those who disengaged quickly from pain words benefited most.Significance...

Shrubsole, K, Worrall, L, Power, E & O’Connor, DA 2019, 'Barriers and facilitators to meeting aphasia guideline recommendations: what factors influence speech pathologists’ practice?', Disability and Rehabilitation, vol. 41, no. 13, pp. 1596-1607.
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© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Purpose: To explore factors influencing Australian speech pathologists’ guideline recommended aphasia management practices. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with hospital-based speech pathologists (n = 20). Interviews focused on barriers and facilitators to implementing recommendations related to five practice areas: Aphasia-friendly Information; Collaborative Goal Setting; Timing of Therapy; Amount and Intensity of Therapy; and Conversation Partner Training. Results: Speech pathologists working only in inpatient rehabilitation settings reported performing the recommended behaviours consistently, and identified few implementation barriers. However, clinicians working in the acute setting reported performing the majority of behaviours inconsistently or rarely. Seven (of 14) Theoretical Domains Framework domains were identified as key influencing factors. Three of these–“Environmental Context and Resources,” “Beliefs about Consequences,” and “Social Influences”–were consistently reported as influencing practice across all five behaviours. Other important domains included “Knowledge”, “Beliefs about Capabilities,” “Goals,” and “Social/Professional Role and Identity”, which each influenced at least two practice behaviours. Conclusions: Speech pathologists report a number of key factors influencing their practice, which differ in how they influence behaviours (i.e., a factor may be a barrier or a facilitator) depending on the behaviour and clinical setting. Future implementation interventions need to account for the strong influence of beliefs and social influences on speech pathology practice, which may facilitate successful implementation.Implications for rehabilitation Speech pathologists’ aphasia management practices are often inconsistent with guideline recommendations. Environmental and contextual barriers were identified for all guideline-recommended practices that...

Silva, HJDA, Saragiotto, BT, Silva, RS, Lins, CADA & de Souza, MC 2019, 'Dry cupping in the treatment of individuals with non-specific chronic low back pain: a protocol for a placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind study', BMJ Open, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. e032416-e032416.
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BackgroundLow back pain is a very prevalent condition in the population and cupping therapy has been presented as a frequently used non-pharmacological treatment in this population. However, there is a lack of well-designed studies that evaluate the effects of this technique. This protocol describes a placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind study that aims to evaluate the effect of dry cupping therapy on pain, physical function, trunk range of motion, quality of life and psychological symptoms in individuals with non-specific chronic low back pain.Methods and analysisNinety individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain, aged from 18 to 59 years, will be randomised into two groups: intervention group, which will be submitted to dry cupping therapy application with two suctions; and placebo group which will undergo placebo dry cupping therapy. Both applications will occur bilaterally in parallel to the vertebrae from L1 to L5. The application will be performed once a week for 8 weeks. The volunteers will be evaluated before the treatment (T0), immediately after the first intervention (T1), after 4 weeks of intervention (T4) and after 8 weeks of intervention (T8). The primary outcome will be pain intensity, and secondary outcomes will be physical function, lumbar range of motion, patient expectation, overall perception of effect, quality of life and psychological factors.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of FACISA/UFRN (number: 3639814). The results of the study will be disseminated to participants through social networks and will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal and scientific meetings.Trial registration numberClinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1751-1762.
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Background and objectives Little is known about the effect of changes in dialysis hours on patient-reported outcome measures. We report the effect of doubling dialysis hours on a range of patient-reported outcome measures in a randomized trial, overall and separately for important subgroups. Design, setting, participants, & measurements The A Clinical Trial of IntensiVE Dialysis trial randomized 200 participants to extended or standard weekly hours hemodialysis for 12 months. Patient-reported outcome measures included two health utility scores (EuroQOL-5 Dimensions-3 Level, Short Form-6 Dimension) and their derived quality-adjusted life year estimates, two generic health scores (Short Form-36 Physical Component Summary, Mental Component Summary), and a disease-specific score (Kidney Disease Component Score). Outcomes were assessed as the mean difference from baseline using linear mixed effects models adjusted for time point and baseline score, with interaction terms added for subgroup analyses. Prespecified subgroups were dialysis location (home- versus institution-based), dialysis vintage (≤6 months versus >6 months), region (China versus Australia, New Zealand, Canada), and baseline score (lowest, middle, highest tertile). Multiplicity-adjusted P values (Holm–Bonferroni) were calculated for the main analyses. Results Extended dialysis hours was associated with improvement in Short Form-6 Dimension (mean difference, 0.027; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.00 to 0.05; P=0.03) which was not significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons (Padjusted ...

Starcevic, V, Baggio, S, Berle, D, Khazaal, Y & Viswasam, K 2019, 'Cyberchondria and its Relationships with Related Constructs: a Network Analysis', Psychiatric Quarterly, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 491-505.
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© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Cyberchondria denotes repeated online searches for health information that are associated with increasing levels of health anxiety. The aims of this study were to apply network analysis to investigate the extent to which cyberchondria is a distinct construct, ascertain which of the related constructs have the strongest relationships with cyberchondria and investigate whether some of the symptoms of cyberchondria are more central to the construct of cyberchondria. Questionnaires assessing the severity of cyberchondria, health anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms, intolerance of uncertainty, problematic Internet use, anxiety, depression and somatic symptoms were administered to 751 participants who searched for health information online during a previous 3-month period and were recruited from an online crowdsourcing platform. Network analyses were used to compute the networks, perform community detection tests and calculate centrality indices. Results suggest that cyberchondria is a relatively specific syndrome-like construct, distinct from all related constructs and consisting of interrelated symptoms. It has the strongest relationships with problematic Internet use and health anxiety. No symptom of cyberchondria emerged clearly as more central to the construct of cyberchondria. Future research should aim to deepen our understanding of cyberchondria and its links with psychopathology, especially its close relationship with problematic Internet use.

Steel, J, Georgiou, A, Balandin, S, Hill, S, Worrall, L & Hemsley, B 2019, 'A content analysis of documentation on communication disability in hospital progress notes: diagnosis, function, and patient safety', Clinical Rehabilitation, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 943-956.
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Objective: To examine the content, quantity, and quality of multidisciplinary team documentation of ‘communication’ in hospital progress notes of patients with communication disability, and to explore the relationship of this documentation to patient safety. Design: Retrospective chart review involving a descriptive analysis and a qualitative content analysis of the progress notes. Setting: Acute medical and rehabilitation wards in two regional hospitals in one health district in Australia. Participants: Eight patients with communication disability who had experienced documented patient safety incidents in hospital. Methods: In total, 906 progress note entries about communication during 38 hospital admissions were extracted from eight patient’s charts; written by staff in 11 different health disciplines. Data were analysed descriptively according to quantity, and qualitatively according to the content. Results: Four content categories of meaning in progress note entries relating to communication were (1) use of communication diagnostic and impairment terms; (2) notes on the patient’s communicative function; (3) reports of the topic or content of the patient’s communication attempts; and (4) references to third parties communicating for the patient. Communication-related information was often brief, unclear, and/or inaccurate. Descriptions of communicative function and recommended strategies for successful communication were often lacking. Conclusion: The suboptimal documentation of patient communication in progress notes may contribute to t...

Sutton, G & Hodge, C 2019, 'Keratoconus treatment: The journey has just begun', Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 978-979.
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Tan, WT, Kopecky, C, Manandhar, B, Rye, KA & Cochran, B 2019, 'Skeletal Muscle Specific Deletion Of Abca1 And Abcg1 Impacts Body Composition And Metabolism And Is Age Dependent', Atherosclerosis, vol. 287, pp. e43-e43.
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Taylor, S, Rodrigues, M, Poke, G, Wake, S & McEwen, A 2019, 'Family communication following a diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy: To tell or not to tell?', Journal of Genetic Counseling, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 1029-1041.
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AbstractFamily communication about genetic information enables informed medical and reproductive decision–making. The literature suggests that a significant proportion of genetically at‐risk family members remain uninformed about genetic risk information as a result of non‐disclosure. This study explored the experiences of New Zealand families communicating about a diagnosis of type 1 myotonic dystrophy (DM1). Eligible individuals were identified and recruited from the New Zealand (NZ) MD Prev study, a nationwide study which aimed to determine the prevalence, impact, and costs of genetic muscle disorders across the lifespan. Twelve qualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 17 participants. The findings demonstrate diversity among and within families, with several distinct family narratives described. Most participants reported a motivation to tell relatives about their diagnosis to promote autonomy. Women were pivotal throughout communication processes and this was often tied to the concept of maternal responsibility and a desire to promote relatives’ reproductive autonomy. The diagnosis of DM1 and the subsequent family communication decisions altered relationships for many, with both positive and negative impacts described. The findings demonstrate that individuals require time to explore the impact of a diagnosis of DM1 on self, family and intimate partner relationships to anticipate unique communication challenges. Genetic counselors can use these findings to inform their approach to counseling families with DM1. Longitudinal genetic counseling may be beneficial as a way to provide individuals with life stage specific support as they communicate with their relatives about a diagnosis of DM1.

Thoomes-de Graaf, M, Ottenheijm, RPG, Verhagen, AP, Duijn, E, Karel, YHJM, van den Borne, MPJ, Beumer, A, van Broekhoven, J, Dinant, GJ, Tetteroo, E, Lucas, C, Koes, BW & Scholten-Peeters, GGM 2019, 'Agreement between physical therapists and radiologists of stratifying patients with shoulder pain into new treatment related categories using ultrasound; an exploratory study', Musculoskeletal Science and Practice, vol. 40, pp. 1-9.
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Tolin, DF, Das, A, Hallion, LS, Levy, HC, Wootton, BM & Stevens, MC 2019, 'Quality of life in patients with hoarding disorder', Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, vol. 21, pp. 55-59.
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© 2018 Elsevier Inc. The aim of this study was to investigate health-related quality of life (QoL) in patients with hoarding disorder (HD). Fifty-four patients with a primary diagnosis of HD, and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy control (HC) participants, completed a battery of questionnaires including the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Saving Inventory-Revised, and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales. Compared to HC participants, those with HD reported poorer health-related QoL across all domains of the SF-36. When controlling for comorbid affective symptoms, HD participants scored lower than did HC participants in the QoL domains of social functioning, emotional well-being, role limitations due to emotional problems, vitality, and general health. HD symptom severity predicted, beyond the effects of affective symptoms, lower QoL in social functioning, emotional well-being, role limitations due to emotional problems, vitality, and general health.

Tolin, DF, Wootton, BM, Levy, HC, Hallion, LS, Worden, BL, Diefenbach, GJ, Jaccard, J & Stevens, MC 2019, 'Efficacy and mediators of a group cognitive–behavioral therapy for hoarding disorder: A randomized trial.', Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, vol. 87, no. 7, pp. 590-602.
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OBJECTIVE:Hoarding disorder (HD) is a common and potentially debilitating psychiatric disorder. Thus far, psychological treatments have yielded modest effects and/or were time-consuming and costly to deliver. The aim of the present study was to test the efficacy of a brief group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for adults with HD and to test hypothesized mediators of treatment outcome. METHOD:Eighty-seven adults with a primary diagnosis of HD were randomized to either immediate CBT or wait list. CBT consisted of 16 weekly, 90-min group sessions that emphasized in-session practice of discarding and refraining from acquiring, decision-making and problem-solving training, emotional distress tolerance, motivational interviewing strategies, and contingency management. Participants were assessed at pretreatment, midtreatment, and posttreatment by an independent evaluator unaware of treatment condition. RESULTS:CBT was efficacious for the symptoms of HD compared with wait list. Saving-related cognitions, but not subjective cognitive impairment, partially mediated treatment outcomes. CONCLUSION:Brief Group CBT is an efficacious and feasible treatment for adults with HD, and is partially mediated by reductions in maladaptive beliefs about possessions. Superiority trials comparing CBT to active treatments, and additional research into mechanisms of treatment outcome, are warranted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Tonin, FS, Wiecek, E, Torres-Robles, A, Pontarolo, R, Benrimoj, SCI, Fernandez-Llimos, F & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2019, 'An innovative and comprehensive technique to evaluate different measures of medication adherence: The network meta-analysis', Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 358-365.
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Background Poor medication adherence is associated with adverse health outcomes and higher costs of care. However, inconsistencies in the assessment of adherence are found in the literature. Objective To evaluate the effect of different measures of adherence in the comparative effectiveness of complex interventions to enhance patients' adherence to prescribed medications. Methods A systematic review with network meta-analysis was performed. Electronic searches for relevant pairwise meta-analysis including trials of interventions that aimed to improve medication adherence were performed in PubMed. Data extraction was conducted with eligible trials evaluating short-period adherence follow-up (until 3 months) using any measure of adherence: self-report, pill count, or MEMS (medication event monitoring system). To standardize the results obtained with these different measures, an overall composite measure and an objective composite measure were also calculated. Network meta-analyses for each measure of adherence were built. Rank order and surface under the cumulative ranking curve analyses (SUCRA) were performed. Results Ninety-one trials were included in the network meta-analyses. The five network meta-analyses demonstrated robustness and reliability. Results obtained for all measures of adherence were similar across them and to both composite measures. For both composite measures, interventions comprising economic + technical components were the best option (90% of probability in SUCRA analysis) with statistical superiority against almost all other interventions and against standard care (odds ratio with 95% credibility interval ranging from 0.09 to 0.25 [0.02, 0.98]).

Torres-Robles, A, Wiecek, E, Cutler, R, Drake, B, Benrimoj, SI, Fernandez-Llimos, F & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2019, 'Using Dispensing Data to Evaluate Adherence Implementation Rates in Community Pharmacy', Frontiers in Pharmacology, vol. 10, no. FEB, p. 130.
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Copyright © 2019 Torres-Robles, Wiecek, Cutler, Drake, Benrimoj, Fernandez-Llimos and Garcia-Cardenas. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Background: Medication non-adherence remains a significant problem for the health care system with clinical, humanistic and economic impact. Dispensing data is a valuable and commonly utilized measure due accessibility in electronic health data. The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes on adherence implementation rates before and after a community pharmacist intervention integrated in usual real life practice, incorporating big data analysis techniques to evaluate Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) from pharmacy dispensing data. Methods: Retrospective observational study. A de-identified database of dispensing data from 20,335 patients (n = 11,257 on rosuvastatin, n = 6,797 on irbesartan, and n = 2,281 on desvenlafaxine) was analyzed. Included patients received a pharmacist-led medication adherence intervention and had dispensing records before and after the intervention. As a measure of adherence implementation, PDC was utilized. Analysis of the database was performed using SQL and Python. Results: Three months after the pharmacist intervention there was an increase on average PDC from 50.2% (SD: 30.1) to 66.9% (SD: 29.9) for rosuvastatin, from 50.8% (SD: 30.3) to 68% (SD: 29.3) for irbesartan and from 47.3% (SD: 28.4) to 66.3% (SD: 27.3) for desvenlafaxine. These rates declined over 12 months to 62.1% (SD: 32.0) for rosuvastatin, to 62.4% (SD: 32.5) for irbesartan and to 58.1% (SD: 31.1) for desvenla...

Trajkovski, N, O'Brian, S, Onslow, M, Packman, A, Lowe, R, Menzies, R, Jones, M & Reilly, S 2019, 'A three-arm randomized controlled trial of Lidcombe Program and Westmead Program early stuttering interventions', Journal of Fluency Disorders, vol. 61, pp. 105708-105708.
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© 2019 Elsevier Inc. Purpose: To compare two experimental Westmead Program treatments with a control Lidcombe Program treatment for early stuttering. Method: The design was a three-arm randomized controlled trial with blinded outcome assessments 9 months post-randomization. Participants were 91 pre-school children. Results: There was no evidence of difference in percentage syllables stuttered at 9 months among groups. Dropout rates were substantive and may have been connected with novel aspects of the trial design: the use of community clinicians, no exclusion criteria, and randomization of children younger than 3 years of age. Conclusion: The substantive dropout rate for all three arms in this trial means that any conclusions about the 9-month stuttering outcomes must be regarded as tentative. However, continued development of the Westmead Program is warranted, and we are currently constructing an internet version.

Trebilcock, M, Worrall, L, Ryan, B, Shrubsole, K, Jagoe, C, Simmons-Mackie, N, Bright, F, Cruice, M, Pritchard, M & Le Dorze, G 2019, 'Increasing the intensity and comprehensiveness of aphasia services: identification of key factors influencing implementation across six countries', Aphasiology, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 865-887.
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Background: Aphasia services are currently faced by increasing evidence for therapy of greater intensity and comprehensiveness. Intensive Comprehensive Aphasia Programs (ICAPs) combine these elements in an evidence-based, time-limited group program. The incorporation of new service delivery models in routine clinical practice is, however, likely to pose challenges for both the service provider and administering clinicians. This program of research aims to identify these challenges from the perspective of aphasia clinicians from six countries and will seek to trial potential solutions. Continual advancements in global communication technologies suggest that solutions will be easily shared and accessed across multiple countries. Aims: To identify the perceived and experienced barriers and facilitators to the implementation of 1) intensive aphasia services, 2) comprehensive aphasia services, and 3) ICAPs, from aphasia clinicians across six countries. Methods and procedures: A qualitative enquiry approach included data from six focus groups (n = 34 participants) in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK), and Ireland. A thematic analysis of focus group data was informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Outcomes and results: Five prominent theoretical domains from the TDF influenced the implementation of all three aphasia service types across participating countries: environmental context and resources, beliefs about consequences, social/professional role and identity, skills, and knowledge. Four overarching themes assisted the identification and explanation of the key barriers and facilitators: 1. Collaboration, joint initiatives and partnerships, 2. Advocacy, the promotion of aphasia services and evidence-based practice, 3. Innovation, the ability to problem solve challenges, and 4. Culture, the influence of underlying values. Conclusions: The results of this study will inform the development of a theo...

Turbitt, E, Roberts, MC, Hollister, BM, Lewis, KL, Biesecker, LG & Klein, WMP 2019, 'Ethnic identity and engagement with genome sequencing research', Genetics in Medicine, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 1735-1743.
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PURPOSE:We examined the role of ethnic identity (which measures the degree to which individuals identify with their ethnic group) in beliefs about, and intentions to learn, genomic results. METHODS:A longitudinal cohort was recruited to implement genome sequencing among healthy participants self-identifying as African, African American, or Afro-Caribbean, 40-65 years old (n = 408). Before receiving genomic results, participants completed a survey assessing social and behavioral constructs related to health, genomics, and ethnic identity. RESULTS:Ethnic identity was positively correlated with perceived value of genomic results and expected benefits from genomic research participation. Among participants with stronger ethnic identity, cognitive beliefs (perceived value of results [b = 0.63, 95% confidence interval: 0.29, 0.98, p < 0.001] and expected benefits from genomic research participation [b = 0.32, 95% confidence interval: 0.12, 0.53, p = 0.002]) were associated with intentions to receive results. Among those with weaker ethnic identity, there was no such association. CONCLUSION:Individuals with stronger ethnic identity seem to attend more to cognitive beliefs such as the value of genomic results when deliberating receipt of results compared with those with weaker ethnic identity. Understanding ethnic identity variation and its influence on genome sequencing perceptions and intentions can inform future research opportunities using ethnic identity to explore specific practical, clinical questions.

Turbitt, E, Roberts, MC, Taber, JM, Waters, EA, McNeel, TS, Biesecker, BB & Klein, WMP 2019, 'Genetic counseling, genetic testing, and risk perceptions for breast and colorectal cancer: Results from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey', Preventive Medicine, vol. 123, pp. 12-19.
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© 2019 We examined what proportion of the U.S. population with no personal cancer history reported receiving either genetic counseling or genetic testing for cancer risk, and also the association of these behaviors with cancer risk perceptions. We used data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey. Objective relative risk scores for breast (women) and colorectal (men and women) cancer risk were generated for individuals without a personal history of cancer. Participants' risk perceptions were compared with their objective relative risk. Of 12,631 women, 1.2% reported receiving genetic counseling and 0.8% genetic testing for hereditary breast cancer risk. Of 15,085 men and women, 0.8% reported receiving genetic counseling and 0.3% genetic testing for hereditary colorectal cancer risk. Higher breast cancer risk perception was associated with genetic counseling (OR: 4.31, 95%CI: 2.56, 7.26) and testing (OR: 3.56, 95%CI: 1.80, 7.03). Similarly, higher perception of colorectal cancer risk was associated with genetic counseling (OR: 5.04, 95%CI: 2.57, 9.89) and testing (OR: 5.92, 95%CI: 2.40, 14.63). A higher proportion of individuals with colorectal cancer risk perceptions concordant with their objective risk (vs. discordant) had undergone genetic counseling or testing for colorectal cancer risk. Concordant risk perceptions for breast cancer were not associated with breast cancer genetic counseling or testing. Given frequent dialogue about implementing population level programs involving genetic services for cancer risk, policy makers and investigators should consider the role of risk perceptions in the effectiveness and design of such programs and potential strategies for addressing inaccuracies in risk perceptions.

Usman, B, Sharma, N, Satija, S, Mehta, M, Vyas, M, Khatik, GL, Khurana, N, Hansbro, PM, Williams, K & Dua, K 2019, 'Recent Developments in Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors for Management of Type-2 Diabetes: An Update', Current Pharmaceutical Design, vol. 25, no. 23, pp. 2510-2525.
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The incidence of diabetes has increased globally in recent years and figures of diabetic patients were estimated to rise up to 642 million by 2040. The disorder is accompanied with various complications if not managed at the early stages, and interlinked high mortality rate and morbidity with time. Different classes of drugs are available for the management of type 2 diabetes but were having certain limitations of their safety. Alphaglucosidase is a family of enzyme originated from the pancreas which plays a role in the anabolism of 80-90% of carbohydrate consumed into glucose. This glucose is absorbed into the blood and results in frank postprandial hyperglycemia and worsens the conditions of diabetic patients which precipitate complications. Inhibition of these enzymes helps to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia and the formation of glycated end products. Alphaglucosidase inhibitors are reported to be more important in adequate control of type 2, but marketed drugs have various side effects, such as poor patient compliance and also expensive. This proves the needs for other class of drugs with better efficacy, safety, patient compliance and economic. In this review, we have emphasized the recent advances in the field of new alpha-glucosidase inhibitors with improved safety and pharmacological profile.

van der Meer, HG, Taxis, K, Teichert, M, Griens, F, Pont, LG & Wouters, H 2019, 'Anticholinergic and sedative medication use in older community‐dwelling people: A national population study in the Netherlands', Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 315-321.
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AbstractPurposeTo identify the proportion of older adults with a high anticholinergic/sedative load and to identify patient subgroups based on type of central nervous system (CNS)‐active medication used.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of a nationwide sample of patients with anticholinergic/sedative medications dispensed by 1779 community pharmacies in the Netherlands (90% of all community pharmacies) in November 2016 was conducted. Patients aged older than 65 years with a high anticholinergic/sedative load defined as having a drug burden index (DBI) greater than 1 were included. Proportion of patients with a high anticholinergic/sedative load was calculated by dividing the number of individuals in our study population by the 2.4 million older patients using medications dispensed from study pharmacies. Patient subgroups based on type of CNS‐active medications used were identified with latent class analysis.ResultsOverall, 8.7% (209 472 individuals) of older adults using medications had a DBI greater than 1. Latent class analysis identified four patient subgroups (classes) based on the following types of CNS‐active medications used: “combined psycholeptic/psychoanaleptic medication” (class 1, 57.9%), “analgesics” (class 2, 17.9%), “antiepileptic medication” (class 3, 17.8%), and “anti‐Parkinson medication” (class 4, 6.3%).ConclusionsA large proportion of older adults in the Netherlands had a high anticholinergic/sedative load. Four distinct subgroups using specific CNS‐active medication were identified. Interventions aiming at reducing the overall anticholinergic/sedative load should be tailored to these subgroups.

van der Meer, HG, Wouters, H, Teichert, M, Griens, F, Pavlovic, J, Pont, LG & Taxis, K 2019, 'Feasibility, acceptability and potential effectiveness of an information technology-based, pharmacist-led intervention to prevent an increase in anticholinergic and sedative load among older community-dwelling individuals', Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety, vol. 10, pp. 204209861880588-204209861880588.
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© The Author(s), 2018. Background: Anticholinergic/sedative medications are frequently used by older people, despite their negative impacts on cognitive and physical function. We explore the feasibility, acceptability and potential effectiveness of an innovative information technology (IT)-based intervention to prevent an increase in anticholinergic/sedative load in older people. Methods: This was a prospective study in 51 Dutch community pharmacies. Pharmacists used an IT-based tool to identify patients aged ⩾65 years, with existing high anticholinergic/sedative loads (drug burden index ⩾2) and a newly initiated anticholinergic/sedative medication. We determined the following. Feasibility: number of eligible patients identified. Acceptability: pharmacists’ satisfaction with the intervention, pharmacists’ time investment and patients’ willingness to reduce medication use. Potential effectiveness: number of recommendations, rate of agreement of general practitioners (GPs) with proposed recommendations and factors associated with agreement. To evaluate the latter, pharmacists conducted medication reviews and proposed recommendations to GPs for 5–10 patients selected by the IT-based tool. Results: We included 305 patients from 47 pharmacies. Feasibility: a mean of 17.0 (standard deviation, 8.8) patients were identified per pharmacy. Acceptability: 43 pharmacists (91.5%) were satisfied with the intervention. The median time investment per patient was 33 min (range 6.5–210). Of 35 patients, 30 (85.7%) were willing to reduce medication use. Potential effectiveness: pharmacists proposed 351 recommendations for 212 patients (69.5%). GPs agreed with recommendations for 108 patients (35.4%). Agreement to stop a medication was reached in 19.8% of recommendations for newly initiated medications (37 of 187) and for 15.2% of recommendations for existing medications (25 of 164). Agreement was more likely for recommendations on codeine [odds ratio (OR) 3.30; 95% confidence inter...

Van Der Pol-Harney, E & McAloon, J 2019, 'Psychosocial Interventions for Mental Illness among LGBTQIA Youth: A PRISMA-Based Systematic Review', Adolescent Research Review, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 149-168.
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© 2018, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex and Asexual (LGBTQIA) youth experience a unique range of psychosocial stressors often culminating in poor mental health outcomes. A systematic review of trials that evaluated psychosocial interventions for LGBTQIA youth aged 12–25 was undertaken to evaluate the effect of treatment components and participant-related variables on treatment outcome. The results suggest that creating safe, accepting places, discussion of shared experiences, and using a cognitive behavioural or attachment-based family therapy framework significantly decreased depression, sexual minority stress, anxiety and drug and alcohol use, and enhanced participant approval. LGBTQIA youth had poorer baseline mental health than non-LGBTQIA youth and experienced greater improvements. Further experimental research is needed to define effective treatment components and relevant individual factors to maximise treatment efficacy.

Varcin, KJ, Grainger, SA, Bailey, PE, Richmond, JL & Henry, JD 2019, 'Empathy for others’ pain is disrupted at the neurophysiological level in schizophrenia', British Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 406-426.
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ObjectivePrevious research has shown that empathy for pain is disrupted at the neural level in people with schizophrenia. However, many of these studies have failed to assess key background contextual variables that have previously been linked to neurophysiological responding. Moreover, no study to date has examined the potential influence of schizotypal characteristics on neurophysiological responding in non‐clinical individuals.MethodsPeople with schizophrenia (N = 17) were compared to demographically matched controls (N = 19) on an event‐related potential (ERP) empathy for pain paradigm. The control group also completed a measure of schizotypal personality traits.ResultsPeople with schizophrenia exhibited atypical neural responding at early, emotion‐sharing (frontal N110), and late, cognitive (central late positive potential [LPP]) processing stages of pain empathy, relative to controls. In the control group, positive schizotypy traits were significantly negatively related to reduced ERP amplitude in the late, cognitive (central LPP) processing stage of empathy.ConclusionsThese data cross‐validate previous studies that have shown that schizophrenia is associated with atypicalities in bottom‐up automatic resonance processes that likely contribute to empathic and socio‐emotional processing deficits, and indicate that these findings cannot be easily attributed to background contextual differences between the two groups. The results also point to a potential relationship between positive schizotypal characteristics and neurophysiological responding. Implications for simulation theories of empathy and social functioning i...

Varcin, KJ, Grainger, SA, Richmond, JL, Bailey, PE & Henry, JD 2019, 'A role for affectivity in rapid facial mimicry: An electromyographic study', Social Neuroscience, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 608-617.
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Varcin, KJ, Nangle, MR, Henry, JD, Bailey, PE & Richmond, JL 2019, 'Intact spontaneous emotional expressivity to non-facial but not facial stimuli in schizophrenia: An electromyographic study', Schizophrenia Research, vol. 206, pp. 37-42.
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Verhagen, AP, Ferreira, M, Reijneveld-van de Vendel, EAE, Teirlinck, CH, Runhaar, J, van Middelkoop, M, Hermsen, L, de Groot, IB & Bierma-Zeinstra, SMA 2019, 'Do we need another trial on exercise in patients with knee osteoarthritis?', Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 1266-1269.
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Vyse, S, Hemsley, B, Lang, R, Lilienfeld, SO, Mostert, MP, Schlinger, HD, Shane, HC, Sherry, M & Todd, JT 2019, 'Whose words are these? Statements derived from Facilitated Communication and Rapid Prompting Method undermine the credibility of Jaswal & Akhtar's social motivation hypotheses', Behavioral and Brain Sciences, vol. 42.
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Abstract Jaswal & Akhtar provide several quotes ostensibly from people with autism but obtained via the discredited techniques of Facilitated Communication and the Rapid Prompting Method, and they do not acknowledge the use of these techniques. As a result, their argument is substantially less convincing than they assert, and the article lacks transparency.

Waghule, T, Singhvi, G, Dubey, SK, Pandey, MM, Gupta, G, Singh, M & Dua, K 2019, 'Microneedles: A smart approach and increasing potential for transdermal drug delivery system', Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, vol. 109, pp. 1249-1258.
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© 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS The most widely used methods for transdermal administration of the drugs are hypodermic needles, topical creams, and transdermal patches. The effect of most of the therapeutic agents is limited due to the stratum corneum layer of the skin, which serves as a barrier for the molecules and thus only a few molecules are able to reach the site of action. A new form of delivery system called the microneedles helps to enhance the delivery of the drug through this route and overcoming the various problems associated with the conventional formulations. The primary principle involves disruption of the skin layer, thus creating micron size pathways that lead the drug directly to the epidermis or upper dermis region from where the drug can directly go into the systemic circulation without facing the barrier. This review describes the various potential and applications of the microneedles. The various types of microneedles can be fabricated like solid, dissolving, hydrogel, coated and hollow microneedles. Fabrication method selected depends on the type and material of the microneedle. This system has increased its application to many fields like oligonucleotide delivery, vaccine delivery, insulin delivery, and even in cosmetics. In recent years, many microneedle products are coming into the market. Although a lot of research needs to be done to overcome the various challenges before the microneedles can successfully launch into the market.

Wallace, SJ, Baker, C, Brandenburg, C, Bryant, L, Le Dorze, G, Power, E, Pritchard, M, Rose, ML, Rose, T, Ryan, B, Shrubsole, K, Simmons-Mackie, N, Togher, L & Trebilcock, M 2019, 'A how-to guide to aphasia services: celebrating Professor Linda Worrall’s contribution to the field', Aphasiology, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 888-902.
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© 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Background: This article recognises Professor Linda Worrall’s contribution to aphasiology and discusses research themes which have grown from her work. Aims: To review, summarise, and discuss literature relating to four themes which have emerged from the work of Professor Worrall: (1) Research capacity building; (2) Implementation of research evidence in clinical practice; (3) Meaningful outcome measurement; and (4) Improvement of psychological and emotional outcomes. Main contribution: A review of the literature, with examples of practical applications. Conclusions: The work of Professor Worrall has greatly influenced the field of aphasia; her legacy is the research capacity she has built in Australia and around the world.

Wallace, SJ, Worrall, L, Rose, T & Le Dorze, G 2019, 'Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health to identify outcome domains for a core outcome set for aphasia: a comparison of stakeholder perspectives', Disability and Rehabilitation, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 564-573.
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Wallace, SJ, Worrall, L, Rose, T, Le Dorze, G, Breitenstein, C, Hilari, K, Babbitt, E, Bose, A, Brady, M, Cherney, LR, Copland, D, Cruice, M, Enderby, P, Hersh, D, Howe, T, Kelly, H, Kiran, S, Laska, A-C, Marshall, J, Nicholas, M, Patterson, J, Pearl, G, Rochon, E, Rose, M, Sage, K, Small, S & Webster, J 2019, 'A core outcome set for aphasia treatment research: The ROMA consensus statement', International Journal of Stroke, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 180-185.
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Background A core outcome set (COS; an agreed, minimum set of outcomes) was needed to address the heterogeneous measurement of outcomes in aphasia treatment research and to facilitate the production of transparent, meaningful, and efficient outcome data. Objective The Research Outcome Measurement in Aphasia (ROMA) consensus statement provides evidence-based recommendations for the measurement of outcomes for adults with post-stroke aphasia within phases I–IV aphasia treatment studies. Methods This statement was informed by a four-year program of research, which comprised investigation of stakeholder-important outcomes using consensus processes, a scoping review of aphasia outcome measurement instruments, and an international consensus meeting. This paper provides an overview of this process and presents the results and recommendations arising from the international consensus meeting. Results Five essential outcome constructs were identified: Language, communication, patient-reported satisfaction with treatment and impact of treatment, emotional wellbeing, and quality of life. Consensus was reached for the following measurement instruments: Language: The Western Aphasia Battery Revised (WAB-R) (74% consensus); emotional wellbeing: General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)-12 (83% consensus); quality of life: Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale (SAQOL-39) (96% consensus). Consensus was unable to be reached for measures of communication (where multiple measures exist) or patient-reported satisfaction with treatment or impact of treatment (where no measures exist). Discussion Harmonization of the ROMA COS with other core outcome initiatives in stroke rehabilitation is d...

Watson, P, Pearson, D, Chow, M, Theeuwes, J, Wiers, RW, Most, SB & Le Pelley, ME 2019, 'Capture and Control: Working Memory Modulates Attentional Capture by Reward-Related Stimuli', Psychological Science, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 1174-1185.
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Physically salient but task-irrelevant distractors can capture attention in visual search, but resource-dependent, executive-control processes can help reduce this distraction. However, it is not only physically salient stimuli that grab our attention: Recent research has shown that reward history also influences the likelihood that stimuli will capture attention. Here, we investigated whether resource-dependent control processes modulate the effect of reward on attentional capture, much as for the effect of physical salience. To this end, we used eye tracking with a rewarded visual search task and compared performance under conditions of high and low working memory load. In two experiments, we demonstrated that oculomotor capture by high-reward distractor stimuli is enhanced under high memory load. These results highlight the role of executive-control processes in modulating distraction by reward-related stimuli. Our findings have implications for understanding the neurocognitive processes involved in real-life conditions in which reward-related stimuli may influence behavior, such as addiction.

Watson, P, Pearson, D, Wiers, RW & Le Pelley, ME 2019, 'Prioritizing pleasure and pain: attentional capture by reward-related and punishment-related stimuli', Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, vol. 26, pp. 107-113.
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Weißenborn, M, Schulz, M, Kraft, M, Haefeli, WE & Seidling, HM 2019, 'Potentielle Erfolgsindikatoren für die Durchführung von Projekten zur Arzt-Apotheker-Zusammenarbeit – eine systematische Übersicht', Das Gesundheitswesen, vol. 81, no. 12, pp. 1057-1068.
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ZusammenfassungZiel der Studie Die Zusammenarbeit von Ärzten und Apothekern ist essentiell, um eine effektive und sichere Patientenbetreuung zu gewährleisten. Insbesondere im ambulanten Sektor ist die Zusammenarbeit jedoch nicht standardisiert und unterschiedlich intensiv. In dieser Arbeit sollen daher Projekte zur interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit aus dem ambulanten Versorgungssektor in Deutschland vorgestellt und vielversprechende Ansätze aufgezeigt werden, die bei der Durchführung zukünftiger Projekte Beachtung finden sollten.Methode Im Rahmen einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurden unter Berücksichtigung der PRISMA-Guideline Projekte identifiziert, deren zentraler Bestandteil die Arzt-Apotheker-Zusammenarbeit ist.Ergebnisse Die Literatursuche ergab 542 passende Artikel. Insgesamt wurden 6 potentielle Erfolgsindikatoren zur Durchführung von Projekten zur Arzt-Apotheker-Zusammenarbeit identifiziert: Persönliches Kennenlernen (I), das Einbeziehen beider Heilberufler in die Projektplanung (II), die Etablierung gemeinsamer (Informations-) Veranstaltungen (III), die Sicherstellung der (technischen) Machbarkeit (IV) durch Incentivierung (V) sowie die Einbindung in bestehende Versorgungsstrukturen (VI).Schlussfolgerung Insgesamt wurden nur wenige Studien wissenschaftlich publiziert. Die Zusammenarbeit selbst wird meist nicht standardisiert, lückenhaft oder nur einseitig erfasst und kann daher nicht umfassend bewertet werden. Erfolgreiche Arzt-Apotheker-Kooperationen zeichneten sich häufig durch langjährige, persönliche Kontakte aus. Interdisziplinäre Lehrveranstaltungen während der universitären Ausbildung könnten daher bereits früh Sympathie und gegenseitiges Verständnis fördern. Um eine kontinuierliche Evaluation der Zusammenarbeit und eine Vergleichbarkeit verschiedener Projekte zu gewährleisten, ist der Einsatz standardisierter Messwerkzeuge in zukünftigen Stu...

Werth, BL, Williams, KA, Fisher, MJ & Pont, LG 2019, 'Defining constipation to estimate its prevalence in the community: results from a national survey', BMC Gastroenterology, vol. 19, no. 1.
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BACKGROUND:Different definitions of constipation have been used to estimate its prevalence in the community but this creates difficulties when comparing results from various studies. This study explores the impact of different definitions on prevalence estimates in the same population and compares the performance of simple definitions with the Rome III criteria. METHODS:The prevalence of constipation in a large nationally representative sample of community-dwelling adults was estimated using five simple definitions of constipation and compared with definitions based on the Rome III criteria. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values, were calculated for each definition using the Rome III criteria as the gold standards for chronic and sub-chronic constipation. RESULTS:Prevalence estimates for the five simple definitions ranged from 9.4 to 58.9%, while the prevalence estimates using the Rome III criteria were 24.0% (95%CI: 22.1, 25.9) for chronic constipation and 39.6% (95%CI: 37.5, 41.7) for sub-chronic constipation. None of the simple definitions were adequate compared to the Rome III criteria. Self-reported constipation over the past 12 months had the highest sensitivity (91.1%, 95%CI: 88.8, 93.4) and negative predictive value (94.5%, 95%CI: 93.1, 96.1) compared to the Rome III criteria for chronic constipation but an unacceptably low specificity (51.3%, 95%CI: 48.8, 53.8) and positive predictive value (37.1%, 95%CI: 34.4, 39.9). CONCLUSIONS:The definition used to identify constipation within a population has a considerable impact on the prevalence estimate obtained. Simple definitions, commonly used in research, performed poorly compared with the Rome III criteria. Studies estimating population prevalence of constipation should use definitions based on the Rome criteria where possible.

Wiecek, E, Tonin, FS, Torres-Robles, A, Benrimoj, SI, Fernandez-Llimos, F & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2019, 'Temporal effectiveness of interventions to improve medication adherence: A network meta-analysis', PLOS ONE, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. e0213432-e0213432.
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INTRODUCTION:Adherence-enhancing interventions have been assessed in the literature, however heterogeneity and conflicting findings have prohibited a consensus on the most effective approach to maintain adherence over time. With the ageing population and growth of chronic conditions, evaluation of sustainable strategies to improve and maintain medication adherence long term is paramount. We aimed to determine the comparative effectiveness of interventions for improving medication adherence over time among adults with any clinical condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Meta-analyses evaluating interventions to improve medication adherence were searched in PubMed in January 2019 and reviewed for primary studies. Experimental studies with a comparison group assessing an intervention to enhance medication adherence in adult patients with reported adherence outcomes were included. Two authors extracted data for study characteristics, interventions and adherence outcomes. Interventions were categorized into four groups or combinations: educational, attitudinal, technical and rewards. Four network meta-analyses were performed to compare interventions based on patient follow-up time. Medication adherence effect sizes were reported as odds ratios (OR) with a 95% credibility interval (CrI) and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) to allow ranking probabilities. Risk of bias was assessed as per Cochrane guidelines. RESULTS:Data was obtained from 69 meta-analyses with 468 primary studies being included in qualitative synthesis. The four networks compromised of 249 studies in total (0-3 month follow-up: 99 studies, 4-6 months: 104, 7-9 months: 18, ≥10 months: 94). Interventions showing success in follow-ups of less than 10 months varied across time. Significant effects compared to standard of care (SOC) were found in technical (4-6 months: OR 0.34, 95% CrI 0.25-0.45) and attitudinal interventions (7-9 months: 0.37, 0.17-0.84). Multicomponent interventions demonstrated...

Wootton, BM, Karin, E, Titov, N & Dear, BF 2019, 'Self-guided internet–delivered cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) for obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A randomized controlled trial', Journal of Anxiety Disorders, vol. 66, pp. 102111-102111.
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Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been demonstrated to be efficacious across multiple clinical trials. However, most of these interventions include clinician support, and many individuals with OCD prefer to manage their own symptoms. Self-guided ICBT overcomes this problem, but to date the efficacy of self-guided interventions has only been studied in uncontrolled trials. The present study aims to examine the efficacy and acceptability of ICBT for OCD symptoms when delivered in a self-guided format using a randomized controlled trial design. In the present study, 190 participants were randomized to either a self-guided ICBT condition or a waitlist control group. 140 participants completed the baseline assessment, initiated treatment, and were included in the analyses. The between-group effect size at post-treatment was large on the self-report version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (d = 1.05; 95% CI 0.89-1.21). Twenty-seven percent of the ICBT condition met conservative criteria for clinically significant change at post-treatment, which increased to thirty-eight percent at three-month follow-up. Participants rated the program as highly acceptable. The results indicate that self-guided ICBT may be a viable treatment option for some individuals with OCD symptoms.

Wootton, BM, Worden, BL, Norberg, MM, Grisham, JR & Steketee, G 2019, 'A clinician's quick guide to evidence‐based approaches: Hoarding disorder', Clinical Psychologist, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 85-87.
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Yeung, S, Traini, D, Tweedie, A, Lewis, D, Church, T & Young, PM 2019, 'Assessing Aerosol Performance of a Dry Powder Carrier Formulation with Increasing Doses Using a Novel Inhaler', AAPS PharmSciTech, vol. 20, no. 3.
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Yeung, S, Traini, D, Tweedie, A, Lewis, D, Church, T & Young, PM 2019, 'Effect of Dosing Cup Size on the Aerosol Performance of High-Dose Carrier-Based Formulations in a Novel Dry Powder Inhaler', Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 949-959.
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Zeater, S, Benrimoj, SI, Fernandez-Llimos, F & Garcia-Cardenas, V 2019, 'A model for the financial assessment of professional services in community pharmacy: A systematic review', Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 108-116.e1.
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© 2019 American Pharmacists Association® Objectives: Limited studies have assessed the financial benefit of professional pharmacy services (PPSs) to the community pharmacy as a business. These studies are crucial in developing an insight into the long-term sustainability and broader implementation of services. We reviewed the literature to identify measures and indicators used to assess the financial performance of professional services in community pharmacy. Data sources: The literature search was undertaken in Pubmed and Scopus, and a gray literature search was performed in Google.com. References of the included papers were reviewed for other relevant studies. Study selection: Articles were reviewed against the following exclusion criteria: 1) literature reviews, 2) studies not reporting quantitative financial data from community pharmacy, 3) studies not assessing a PPS, 4) studies lacking a methodology for the measurement and assessment of financial outcomes, and 5) cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, or cost-benefit analysis studies. Data extraction: A piloted data extraction form was used. A selection of key data collected is as follows: 1) method of data collection and calculation, 2) currency, limitations for cost and revenue and method of data collection and method of calculation, 3) standardized currency value for the results reported, 4) professional services: number assessed, type of service, name of services, nature of services, implementation stage reported, financial result, the frequency of service, costs, sources of revenue, net total cost, net total revenue, break-even point, break-even price, net profit and loss. Results: The 21 studies included used different methodologies and indicators to financially assess PPSs. This has led to the development of a model for assessing PPSs composed of the key financial elements identified in this systematic review. Conclusion: From this review, we propose a model that provides a str...

Berle, D, Steel, Z & Hilbrink, D 1970, 'Perceived injustice and betrayal: Association with anger during the course of residential treatment for PTSD.', 20th Australasian Conference on Traumatic Stress, Sydney.

Brunner, M, Palmer, S, Togher, L, Dann, S & Hemsley, B 1970, 'Content Analysis of Tweets by People with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Implications for Rehabilitation and Social Media Goals', Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 4329-4338.
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In this Twitter research, 6874 tweets of six adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using content classification [1], inductive coding of content themes, socio-linguistic analysis, and computational analysis in KH Coder. The results reflected that participants used Twitter for: (i) supporting others, including people with TBI; (ii) discussing society and culture, popular issues, news, and personal interests; (iii) connecting with others; (iv) sharing their experiences of life after TBI; (v) knowledge via exchanging information; and (vii) advocacy. ‘Emotional expression’, and ‘connection’ were common threads running across themes. Attending to the expressions of people with TBI on Twitter provides important insights into their lived experiences and could inform the development of user-centered cognitive-communication and social participation goals for people with TBI.

Courtney-Harris, M, Rowe, F & Rose, K 1970, 'Enhanced investigation of vision problems for all patients diagnosed with stroke using the Stroke-Vision Screening Tool (S-ViST)', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE, SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, pp. 18-19.

Eickhoff, C, Mueller, U, Strunz, AK, Felberg, M & Schulz, M 1970, 'Internal and external evaluation of an interdisciplinary medication management service in Germany', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY, SPRINGER, pp. 600-600.

Gunasekaran, P, Hodge, C, Browne, G, Fraser, C & Rose, KA 1970, 'Concussion-Related Visual Dysfunction in Children: A Retrospective Study', INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE, Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO), ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, CANADA, Vancouver.

Hemsley, B, Palmer, S, Kouzani, A, Adams, S & Balandin, S 1970, 'Review Informing the Design of 3D Food Printing for People with Swallowing Disorders: Constructive, Conceptual, and Empirical Problems', Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 5735-5744.
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The aim of this review was to examine 3D food printing literature, its focus on problems and solutions, and its capacity for problem-solving in relation to the provision of texture-modified food for people with swallowing disorders (dysphagia). In June 2016 and 2018 the first and fourth authors searched 4 scientific databases with the key terms in 3D food printing and dysphagia to locate relevant peer reviewed journal articles for review. In total, 16 papers were included, and examined for: (a) problems, solutions, and potential for problem-solving capacity expressed in 3D food printing literature to date, and (b) applications of 3D printed foods in specific populations with swallowing disorders. Future research and development of 3D food printing technologies could consider empirical and conceptual problems, along with the multidimensional nature of special nutritional or swallowing needs. Taking these issues into account would facilitate the translation of findings into real-world outcomes and benefits.

Manchanda, R, Burnell, M, Gaba, F, Desai, R, Wardle, J, Gessler, S, Side, L, Sanderson, S, Loggenberg, K, Brady, A, Dorkins, H, Wallis, Y, Chapman, C, Jacobs, C, Legood, R, Beller, U, Tomlinson, I, Menon, U & Jacobs, I 1970, 'Randomised trial of unselected BRCA testing in ashkenazi jews: long term outcomes and factors affecting uptake of testing', Best Oral/Late-Breaking Abstracts 4 – Miscellaneous, ESGO Annual Meeting Abstracts, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, pp. A13-A13.
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McAlinden, K, Cohen-Hyam, T, Killingsworth, M, Haghi, M & Sharma, P 1970, 'ELECTRONIC-CIGARETTE VAPING IN COMBINATION WITH A HIGH FAT DIET AUGMENTS LUNG FUNCTION AND INFLAMMATION', RESPIROLOGY, WILEY, pp. 47-47.

McAlinden, K, Cohen-Hyams, T, Killingsworth, M, Haghi, M & Sharma, P 1970, 'High Fat Diet in Conjunction with Electronic Cigarette Vaping Worsens Lung Function and Inflammation', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society, AMER THORACIC SOC, Dallas, TX.

McEwen, A, Kligyte, G & McLean, J 1970, 'Imagining and designing the future of genetic counselling with the new generation of genetic counsellors', Human Genetics Society of Australasia, Wellington, NZ.

McEwen, A, Kligyte, G, McLean, J & Jacobs, C 1970, 'Imagining and designing the future of genetic counselling with the new generation of genetic counsellors', HGSA 43rd Annual Scientific Meeting, HGSA 43rd Annual Scientific Meeting, Wellington, NZ.

Rezaeian, M, Butlin, M, Golzan, SM, Graham, SL & Avolio, AP 1970, 'A novel method for retinal vessel segmentation and diameter measurement using high speed video', 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, Berlin, Germany, pp. 2781-2784.
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Studying dynamic characteristics of retinal vessels, as opposed to static measures, may provide additional insight into pathophysiological changes associated with local and systemic abnormalities such as glaucoma and hypertension. Various approaches have been developed to derive static biomarkers from retinal still images, but not many for dynamic analysis of video sequences. This study presents a novel method for the assessment of time-dependent diameter changes in high-speed videos (125 fps) from the rat retina. The proposed method is composed of a vessel segmentation and a diameter measurement module. The specificity and sensitivity of the segmentation method over 25 images were 95.1% and 97.3% respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the diameter measurement errors were -0.147±0.41 pixels over 100 measurements.

Salas, M, Castillo, WC, Juarez, LD, Zhang, C, Arias, A, Appenteng, K, Donneyong, MM, Thurin, N, Lopes, LC, Gomez Galicia, D, Burger, J, Ankrah, D, Ogunleye, O, Fadare, JO, Rueda, J-D, Lubbe, M, Kuzucan, A, Ejekam, CS, Garcia Estrada, MDC, Bernet, J, Alesso, L, Herrera Comoglio, R, Pont, L, Angelica Rodriguez, N & Truter, I 1970, 'Pharmacoepidemiology capacity building in the Latin American and African regions', PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, WILEY, pp. 547-548.

Schumacher, PM, Griese-Mammen, N, Botermann, L, Laufs, U & Schulz, M 1970, 'Medication discrepancies in patients with chronic heart failure', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY, SPRINGER, pp. 299-299.

Shariflou, S, Agar, A, Rose, KA & Golzan, M 1970, 'The accuracy of spontaneous venous pulsation assessment in discriminating glaucoma from glaucoma suspects', INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE, Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO), ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, CANADA, Vancouver.

Shires, A 1970, 'British Association of Behavioural and Cognitive Psychology (BABCP) Conference 2019. Introduction to MiCBT workshop.', British Association of Behavioural and Cognitive Psychology (BABCP) Conference 2019, bath.

Shires, A 1970, 'Introduction to Mindfulness Integrated Cognitive Behavioural Therapy', British Assocation of Behavioural and Cognitive therapy, Bath UK.

Shires, A 1970, 'The trans diagnostic elements of Mindfulness-integrated Cognitive Behaviour therapy andtheir applications to crisis and comorbidity in clinical practice.psychology training.', International Conference on Mindfulness, Auckland New Zealnad.

Shires, A & Chui, J 1970, 'Mindfulness integrated Cognitive behaviour therapy in clinical psychology training.', International Conference on Mindfulness, Auckland New Zealand.

Teirlinck, CH, Verhagen, AP, Reijneveld-van de Vendel, EA, Runhaar, J, van Middelkoop, M, Hermsen, L, de Groot, IB & Bierma-Zeinstra, SM 1970, 'Responders to exercise therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip: a systematic review and meta-analysis', Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, OARSI World Congress on Osteoarthritis - Promoting Clinical and Basic Research in Osteoarthritis, Elsevier BV, Toronto, CANADA, pp. S489-S490.
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van Reyk, D, Oliver, B, Capistrano, S, Komalla, V, Haghi, M & Zosky, G 1970, 'Pro-inflammatory effects of exposure of the combination of silicon- and iron-containing particles upon human lung fibroblasts', Airway cell biology and immunopathology, ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts, European Respiratory Society, Madrid, SPAIN.
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Verhagen, AP, Ferreira, M, Reijneveld-van de Vendel, E, Teirlinck, CH, Runhaar, J, van Middelkoop, M, Hermsen, L, de Groot, I & Bierma-Zeinstra, S 1970, 'No new trials on exercise are needed in knee osteoarthritis', Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, OARSI World Congress on Osteoarthritis - Promoting Clinical and Basic Research in Osteoarthritis, Elsevier BV, Toronto, CANADA, pp. S484-S484.
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Bailey, PE & Leon, T 2019, 'A systematic review and meta-analysis of age-related differences in trust', Center for Open Science.
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Dineen-Griffin, S, Garcia Cardenas, V, Williams, K & Benrimoj, SI 2019, 'Evaluation of a collaborative protocolized approach by community pharmacies and general medical practitioners for an Australian minor ailments scheme: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial (Preprint)', JMIR Publications Inc., JMIR Publications Inc..
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Internationally, governments have been investing in supporting pharmacists to take on an expanded role to support self-care for health system efficiency. There is consistent evidence that minor ailment schemes (MAS) promote efficiencies within the healthcare system. The cost savings and health outcomes demonstrated in the UK and Canada opens up new opportunities for pharmacists to effect sustainable changes through MAS delivery in Australia.

This trial is evaluating the clinical, economic and humanistic impact of an Australian minor ailments service (AMAS), compared with usual pharmacy care in a cluster-randomized controlled trial in Western Sydney, Australia.

The cluster-randomized controlled trial design has an intervention and a control group, comparing individuals receiving a structured intervention with those receiving usual care for specific common ailments. Participants will be community pharmacies, general practices and patients located in Western Sydney Primary Health Network region. 30 community pharmacies will be randomly assigned to either intervention or control group. Each will recruit 24 patients seeking, aged 18 years or older, presenting to the pharmacy in person with a symptom-based or product-based request for one of the following ailments (reflux, cough, common cold, headache (tension or migraine), primary dysmenorrhoea and low back pain). Intervention pharmacists will deliver protocolized care to patients using clinical treatment pathways with agreed referral points and collaborative systems boosting clinician-pharmacist communication. Patients recruited in control pharmacies will receive usual car...

Fisher, G, de Oliveira, CQ, Gandevia, S & Kennedy, D 2019, 'Unilateral neglect is associated with poor proprioception after stroke – a systematic review', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Miller, R, Iancu, C, Babineau, J & Newton-John, T 2019, 'Are residential rehabilitation clients representative of Australians who engage in problematic Alcohol and Other Drug use?'.

Shires, A & Cayoun, B 2019, 'The transdiagnostic elements of Mindfulness-integrated Cogntive Behaviour therapy and their applicatons to crisis and comoborbidity in clinical practice'.
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Pre Conference workshop. International Mindfulness Conference 2019

Shires, A & Chui, J 2019, 'Mindfulness integrated Cognitive behaviour therapy in clinical psychology training'.
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Research presentation. International mindfulness Conference NZ 2019

Stark, BC, Dutta, M, Murray, L, Bryant, L, Fromm, D, MacWhinney, B, Ramage, AE, Roberts, A, Ouden, D-BD, Brock, K, MicKinney-Bock, K, Paek, EJ, Harmon, T, Yoon, SO, Themistocleous, C, Yoo, H, Aveni, K, Gutierrez, S & Sharma, S 2019, 'Standardizing assessment of spoken discourse in aphasia: A working group with deliverables', Center for Open Science.
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