Larkum, AWD & Steven, ADL 1994, 'ENCORE: The effect of nutrient enrichment on coral reefs. 1. Experimental design and research programme', Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 29, no. 1-3, pp. 112-120.
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An in situ reef fertilization experiment is being undertaken on the Australian Great Barrier Reef, to investigate the response of coral reefs to nutrient enrichment. This experiment, known as ENCORE, is designed to quantify the fate of nitrogen and phosphorus within a coral reef, and compare their impact on a variety of coral reef organisms. Co-ordinated by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA), 30 scientists from eight Australian and three overseas organizations are undertaking research encompassing cellular through to community level responses. This research will provide a scientific basis for developing appropriate water quality management strategies in coral reef environments, and may identify a number of sub-lethal indicators of nutrient stress. © 1994.
Larkum, AWD, Scaramuzzi, C, Cox, GC, Hiller, RG & Turner, AG 1994, 'Light-harvesting chlorophyll c-like pigment in Prochloron', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 679-683.
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A chlorophyll c-like pigment, similar to magnesium-3,8-divinyl pheoporphyrin a5 monomethyl ester, has been isolated from Prochloron sp. obtained from five species of didemnid ascidians from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and from Palau, Micronesia. The pigment represents 4-15% of the total chlorophyll content and is shown to function in a light-harvesting pigment protein complex of Prochloron. The observation that all of the major chlorophylls (a+b+c) function in a light-harvesting role in Prochloron and possibly in other prochlorophytes is discussed in terms of the phylogeny of the prochlorophytes.
Raadsma, HW, O'Meara, TJ, Egerton, JR, Lehrbach, PR & Schwartzkoff, CL 1994, 'Protective antibody titres and antigenic competition in multivalent Dichelobacter nodosus fimbrial vaccines using characterised rDNA antigens.', Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 253-274.
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The relationship between K-agglutination antibody titres and protection against experimental challenge with Dichelobacter nodosus, the effect of increasing the number of D. nodosus fimbrial antigens, and the importance of the nature of additional antigens in multivalent vaccines on antibody response and protection against experimental challenge with D. nodosus were examined in Merino sheep. A total of 204 Merino sheep were allocated to one of 12 groups, and vaccinated with preparations containing a variable number of rDNA D. nodosus fimbrial antigens. The most complex vaccine contained ten fimbrial antigens from all major D. nodosus serogroups, while the least complex contained a single fimbrial antigen. In addition to D. nodosus fimbrial antigens, other bacterial rDNA fimbrial antigens (Moraxella bovis Da12d and Escherichia coli K99), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used in some vaccines. Antibody titres to fimbrial antigens and BSA were measured by agglutination and ELISA tests, respectively. Antibody titres were determined on five occasions (Weeks 0, 3, 6, 8, and 11 after primary vaccination). All sheep were exposed to an experimental challenge with virulent isolates of D. nodosus from either serogroup A or B, 8 weeks after primary vaccination. For D. nodosus K-agglutinating antibody titres, a strong negative correlation between antibody titre and footrot lesion score was observed. This relationship was influenced by the virulence of the challenge strain. Increasing the number of fimbrial antigens in experimental rDNA D. nodosus fimbrial vaccines resulted in a linear decrease in K-agglutinating antibody titres to individual D. nodosus serogroups. Similarly, a linear decrease in protection to challenge with homologous serogroups was observed as the number of D. nodosus fimbrial antigens represented in the vaccine increased. The reduction in antibody titres in multicomponent vaccines is thought to be due to antigenic competition. The level of competition bet...