Card, SJ, Herrling, PJ, Matthews, JL, Rossi, ML, Spencer, ES & Lagoe, R 1998, 'Impact of Clinical Pathways for Total Hip Replacement: A Community-Based Analysis', Journal of Nursing Care Quality, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 67-76.
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The implementation of clinical pathways for total hip replacement was carried out by five hospitals in the metropolitan area of Syracuse, New York. This process occurred under the leadership of clinical nurse specialists and nurse managers. It was supported by preadmission patient education programs and active physician involvement. The participating hospitals shared utilization quality assurance data and benchmarked with respect to the experience of Sacramento, California, and each others' progress. The effort produced substantial reductions in hospital stays without adverse impacts on quality of care.
Jones, RJ, Hoegh‐Guldberg, O, Larkum, AWD & Schreiber, U 1998, 'Temperature‐induced bleaching of corals begins with impairment of the CO2 fixation mechanism in zooxanthellae', Plant, Cell & Environment, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 1219-1230.
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The early effects of heat stress on the photosynthesis of symbiotic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae) within the tissues of a reef‐building coral were examined using pulse‐amplitude‐modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence and photorespirometry. Exposure of Stylophora pistillata to 33 and 34 °C for 4 h resulted in (1) the development of strong non‐photochemical quenching (qN) of the chlorophyll fluorescence signal, (2) marked decreases in photosynthetic oxygen evolution, and (3) decreases in optimal quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII). Quantum yield decreased to a greater extent on the illuminated surfaces of coral branches than on lower (shaded) surfaces, and also when high irradiance intensities were combined with elevated temperature (33 °C as opposed to 28 °C). qN collapsed in heat‐stressed samples when quenching analysis was conducted in the absence of oxygen. Collectively, these observations are interpreted as the initiation of photoprotective dissipation of excess absorbed energy as heat (qN) and O2‐dependent electron flow through the Mehler‐Ascorbate‐Peroxidase cycle (MAP‐cycle) following the point at which the rate of light‐driven electron transport exceeds the capacity of the Calvin cycle. A model for coral bleaching is proposed whereby the primary site of heat damage in S. pistillata is carboxylation within the Calvin cycle, as has been observed during heat damage in higher plants. Damage to PSII and a reduction in Fv/Fm (i.e. photoinhibition) are secondary effects following the overwhelming of photoprotective mechanisms by light. This secondary factor increases the effect of the primary variable, temperature. Potential restrictions of electron flow in heat‐stress...
O'Meara, TJ, Lucca, SD, Sporik, R, Graham, A & Tovey, E 1998, 'Detection of inhaled cat allergen', The Lancet, vol. 351, no. 9114, pp. 1488-1489.
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Ralph, PJ 1998, 'Photosynthetic responses of Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f. to osmotic stress', JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY, vol. 227, no. 2, pp. 203-220.
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Chlorophyll fluorescence was used to monitor the onset, development and recovery from hyper- and hypo-osmotic stress effects of the seagrass, Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f. H. ovalis was able to tolerate rapid transfer from normal (35 ppt) seawater t
Razmovski, V, O'meara, T, Hjelmroos, M, Marks, G & Tovey, E 1998, 'Adhesive tapes as capturing surfaces in Burkard sampling', Grana, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 305-310.
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