Publications

Bagia, R, Eager, DM & Walmsley, M 2011, Project Management for Engineers, 1, McGrawHill Australia Pty.Ltd., Australia.
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A textbook for Undergraduate and postgraduate students of project management

Bagia, R, Eager, DM & Walmsley, M 2011, Project Management in Engineering and Information Technology, 1st, McGraw-Hill, Sydney, Australia.

Cameron, I, Crosthwaite, C, Shallcross, D, Hadgraft, R, Dalvean, J, Maynard, N, Tade, M, Kavanagh, J & Lukey, G 2011, Addressing interdisciplinary process engineering design, construction and operations through 4D virtual environments, Elsevier.
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Indraratna, B, Salim, W & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2011, Advanced Rail Geotechnology - Ballasted Track, CRC Press.
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Ballast plays a vital role in transmitting and distributing train wheel loads to the underlying sub-ballast and subgrade. Bearing capacity of track, train speed, riding quality and passenger comfort all depend on the stability of ballast through mechanical interlocking of particles. Ballast attrition and breakage occur progressively under heavy cyclic loading, causing track deterioration and rail misalignment-affecting safety and demanding frequent and costly track maintenance. In the absence of realistic constitutive models, the track substructure is traditionally designed using empirical approaches. In Advanced Rail Geotechnology: Ballasted Track, the authors present detailed information on the strength, deformation and degradation, and aspects of fresh and recycled ballast under monotonic, cyclic, and impact loading using innovative geotechnical testing devices. The book presents a new stress-strain constitutive model for ballast incorporating particle breakage and validates mathematical formulations and numerical models using experimental evidence and field trials. The text also elucidates the effectiveness of various commercially available geosynthetics for enhancing track drainage and stability. It presents revised ballast gradations for modern high-speed trains capturing particle breakage and describes the use of geosynthetics in track design. It also provides insight into track design, capturing particle degradation, fouling, and drainage. This book is ideal for final year civil engineering students and postgraduates and is a solid reference for practicing railway engineers and researchers with the task of modernizing existing track designs for heavier and faster trains.

Jakovich, J, Schweitzer, J, Brookes, WC, Edwards, M, Jupp, JR, Kirchner, NG & Nikolova, N 2011, U.lab An Emerging Interdisciplinary Framework for Innovation Projects at UTS, 1, DAB Documents Faculty of Design, Architecture & Building University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Design thinking aims to capture designers' creativity-driven approach to innovation that can be applied to anything from physical products and intangible services, to formulating and solving complex social problems. Design thinking promotes a particular mind-set that takes the user experience, or a human-centred perspective, as point of departure. While research into the application of design thinking to business problems is well documented, the utilisation of design thinking in university innovation is limited to few cases, and requires better understanding of how to establish design thinking capacity in an academic collaboration context. This research establishes an interdisciplinary design thinking framework at the University of Technology, Sydney, that forms the basis for three experimental projects. New design thinking tools, such as '5X5' and 'faceboard', are developed and a novel public and university innovation program is tested over ten repeated scenarios. The design thinking framework can be adopted for practice and further research. This volume documents the first-steps taken by a cross-faculty university group towards developing an interdisciplinary innovation capacity. It demonstrates how through trialling the practices and methods of design thinking, a deep appreciation of designing, thinking, and practicing creativity emerges across non-design participants. Diverse disciplinary backgrounds and perspectives are illustrated as a source of opportunity to address complex teaching and research challenges. 'U.Lab - It's About You' is published by DAB Docs, University of Technology, Sydney.

Law, S-S & Zhu, X-Q 2011, Moving Loads – Dynamic Analysis and Identification Techniques Structures and Infrastructures Book Series, CRC Press.
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This volume provides a comprehensive treatment on this topic with the vehicle-bridge system for an illustration of the moving load problem.

Mueller, J & Stewart, MG 2011, Terror, Security, and Money, Oxford University Press.
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Sun, J & Buys, N 2011, Working memory in infants.
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This book examines working memory in preterm and full-term infants at eight months after the expected date of delivery. Although numerous studies have reported that the overall development of preterm infants is comparable to that of full-term infants at the same corrected age, it is unclear to what extent the development of specific cognitive abilities is affected by prematurity and/or other factors such as medical complications. As preterm infants have a high rate of learning difficulties, it is possible that factors associated with prematurity specifically affect the development of some regions of the brain associated with working memory. © 2011 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Wang, Z, Huang, S & Dissanayake, G 2011, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping, WORLD SCIENTIFIC.
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Wang, Z, Huang, S & Dissanayake, G 2011, Simultaneous localization and mapping: Exactly sparse information filters, 1, World Scientific Publishing, Singapore.
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Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is a process where an autonomous vehicle builds a map of an unknown environment while concurrently generating an estimate for its location. This book is concerned with computationally efficient solutions to the large scale SLAM problems using exactly sparse Extended Information Filters (EIF). The invaluable book also provides a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the properties of the information matrix in EIF-based algorithms for SLAM. Three exactly sparse information filters for SLAM are described in detail, together with two efficient and exact methods for recovering the state vector and the covariance matrix. Proposed algorithms are extensively evaluated both in simulation and through experiments.

Alem, L, Furio, D, Juan, C & Ashworth, P 2011, 'Effect of Collaboration and Competition in an Augmented Reality Mobile Game' in Recent Trends of Mobile Collaborative Augmented Reality Systems, Springer New York, pp. 109-116.
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Alem, L, Tecchia, F & Huang, W 2011, 'HandsOnVideo: Towards a Gesture based Mobile AR System for Remote Collaboration' in Recent Trends of Mobile Collaborative Augmented Reality Systems, Springer New York, pp. 135-148.
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Ben-Nissan, B, Choi, AH, Green, DW, Latella, BA, Chou, J & Bendavid, A 2011, 'Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Nanocoatings by Sol-Gel Method for Clinical Applications' in Sam Zhang (ed), Biological and Biomedical Coatings Handbook: Processing and Characterization, CRC Press, United States, pp. 37-79.
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Nanostructured materials are associated with a diversity of uses within the medical field, for instance, in drug-delivery systems, regenerative medicine, formation of surgical tools, medical devices, and diagnostic systems. It has long been established that porous bulk hydroxyapatite (HAp) cannot be used for load-bearing applications due to its unfavorable mechanical properties. As a result, HAp has been used instead as a coating in orthopedic surgery on metallic alloys, metals giving the support required. Of the metallic alloys used, titanium-based and cobalt chromium alloys are the preferred materials for these HAp coatings for orthopedic and maxillofacial implants (Figure 2.1).

Beylier, MR, Balaguer, MD, Colprim, J, Pellicer-Nàcher, C, Ni, B-J, Smets, BF, Sun, S-P & Wang, R-C 2011, 'Biological Nitrogen Removal From Domestic Wastewater' in Comprehensive Biotechnology, Elsevier, pp. 285-296.
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Nitrogen (N) removal from domestic wastewater is widely performed by nitrification coupled to heterotrophic denitrification. However, the organic carbon (C)-to-N ratio (C/N) in the wastewater is frequently too low to achieve proper N-removal efficiencies and external organic C sources are often necessary to support the process and meet the discharge standards for total N (TN), increasing the process cost. The main cost, however, remains the high energy demand to provide the aeration necessary for nitrification. Alternatives have been developed to reduce the need for organic C source. The anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic process (A2/O), simultaneous nitrification/denitrification, shortcut nitrification, or nitrifier bioaugmentation are feasible solutions to upgrade wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The combined and simultaneous use of autotrophic aerobic and anaerobic microbialammonium (NH4+) conversions (i.e., anaerobic ammonium oxidation; anammox) provide the most cost-effective solutions, as they obviate the need for an organic C source and reduce the aeration costs by more than 40%, compared to the traditional nitrification/denitrification paradigm. The first full-scale applications that take advantage of combined aerobic/anaerobic ammonium oxidation have been implemented to remove N from sludge digester effluent streams. In this way, the N load to the main liquid treatment train of the WWTP can be reduced by 10-30% with important cost savings. A current challenge involves control of gaseous N-oxide emissions (NO and N2O) from N-removal processes. New technologies, such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are developed aiming at energy-balanced WWTPs. This chapter reviews the existing technologies for effective biological N removal, with attention to anaerobic processes.

Canning, J 2011, 'STRUCTURED OPTICAL FIBRES AND THE APPLICATION OF THEIR LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR PROPERTIES' in Selected Topics in Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, pp. 389-452.
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© 2011 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. Structured optical fibres are commonplace within optical research since many phenomena can, in the first instance, be localised and studied with greater ease within the confines of an optical waveguide, seemingly offering many alternative approaches to other existing technologies. However, this apparent ease has not translated to actual technology penetration beyond a few (but important) niche areas, with their superiority over existing technologies being unclear. Here, the linear and nonlinear properties possible with these structured fibres is reviewed and evaluated, both from a scientific and applied perspective. A case for citing complex and multiple functionality as an important motivation leading to future new technology is presented.

Cetindamar, D, Çatay, B & Basmaci, OS 2011, 'Managing Innovation Driven Companies' in Tschirky, H, Herstatt, C, Probert, D, Gemuenden, H-G, Colombo, MG, Durand, T, De Weerd-Nederhof, PC & Schweisfurth, T (eds), Managing Innovation Driven Companies: Approaches in Practice, Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 137-157.
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Chen, Y, Wu, Q & He, X 2011, 'Human Action Recognition Based on Radon Transform.' in Lin, W, Tao, D, Kacprzyk, J, Li, Z, Izquierdo, E & Wang, H (eds), Multimedia Analysis, Processing and Communications, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 369-389.
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A new feature description is used for human action representation and recognition. Features are extracted from the Radon transforms of silhouette images. Using the features, key postures are selected. Key postures are combined to construct an action template for each action sequence. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is applied to obtain low dimensional feature vectors. Different classification methods are used for human action recognition. Experiments are carried out based on a publicly available human action database.

Csonka, PJ & Waldron, KJ 2011, 'A Brief History of Legged Robotics' in Ceccarelli, M (ed), Technology Developments: the Role of Mechanism and Machine Science and IFToMM, Springer Netherlands, pp. 59-73.
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Dang, Y, Yu, L, Yang, G & Wang, M 2011, 'A New Domain Adaptation Method Based on Rules Discovered from Cross-Domain Features' in Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 425-436.
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Deng, W, Jin, D & Goldys, EM 2011, 'METAL NANOSTRUCTURE-ENHANCED FLUORESCENCE AND ITS BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS' in Kane, D, Micolich, A & Rabeau, J (eds), Nanotechnology in Australia: Showcase of Early Career Research, Pan Stanford Publishing, USA, pp. 347-374.
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Over the last two decades, fluorescence-based detection has become one of the leading sensing technologies in biomedical, biological, and related sciences. Its sensitivity makes it possible to detect a single biomolecule through labelling with a suitable fluorophore. Two principal fluorophore properties, brightness and photostability, are fundamentally important to achieve a high level of sensitivity, and in many conventional fluorophores these often fall short of the requirements. Among the methods used to improve the sensitivity of fluorescence detection, the metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) technique has been recently actively developed. The MEF phenomenon occurs when an excited fluorophore is located in close proximity to metals, and it is particularly pronounced near noble metal nanostructures. Electrons in such metal nanostructures exhibit strong resonances often located in the visible part of the spectrum (also known as surface plasmon resonance). They can interact with proximal fluorophores, modifying their optical properties and producing increased quantum yield (fluorescence efficiency) and improved photostability. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the MEF technique can increase fluorescence intensity up to several hundreds times. This chapter provides an overview of MEF, covering its basic theory, synthesis of metal nanostructures, and biological applications based on MEF. We focus on silver nanostructures because their strong surface plasmon resonance in the visible matches the absorption and emission bands of most fluorophores. We discuss traditional planar MEF substrates as well as silver nanostructures deposited on micrometre-sized silica beads, generating a fluorescence enhancement of more than one order of magnitude. This achievement allowed us to demonstrate for the first time MEF immunoassays on silica beads by using high-throughput flow cytometry. Furthermore, we discovered that these silver nanostructure-coated silica beads are ab...

Dyadyuk, V, Huang, X, Stokes, L, Pathikulangara, J, R., A, Nikolic, N, D., J & Jay, Y 2011, 'Adaptive Antenna Arrays for Ad-Hoc Millimetre-Wave Wireless Communications' in Mutamed, K (ed), Advanced Trends in Wireless Communications, InTech, USA, pp. 93-116.
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New technologies that employ millimetre-wave frequency bands to achieve high speed wireless links are gaining more attention (Dyadyuk et. al., 2007, 2009b, 2010a; Hirata et. al., 2006; Lockie & Peck, 2009; Kasugi et. al., 2009; Wells, 2009) due to increasing demand for wideband wireless communications. Very wide uncongested spectrum is available in the E—bands (71-76 GHz and 81-86 GHz) recently allocated for wireless communications in USA, Europe, Korea, Russia and Australia. The E-band provides an opportunity for line-of – sight (LOS) links with higher data rates, well suited for fibre replacement and backhaul applications. Future mobile and ad-hoc communications networks will require higher bandwidth and longer range. An ad-hoc or mobile (e.g. inter-aircraft) network that relies on high gain antennas also requires beam scanning. Adaptive antenna arrays have found a wide rage of applications and are becoming essential parts of wireless communications systems (Abbaspour-Tamijani & Sarabandi, 2003; Do-Hong & Russer, 2004; Gross, 2005; Guo, 2004; Krim & Viberg, 1996; Mailloux, 2005, 2007; Rogstad et al., 2003; Singh et al., 2008). While the spectrum available in the millimetre-wave frequency bands enables multi-gigabit-per second data rates, the practically achievable communication range is limited by several factors. These include the higher atmospheric attenuation at these frequencies and limited output power of monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) (Doan et al., 2004; Dyadyuk et al., 2008a; Kasper et al., 2009; Floyd et al., 2007; Reynolds et. al., 2006; Vamsi et. al., 2005, Zirath et al., 2004) due to physical constraints. Therefore, the performance of the ad-hoc or mobile millimetre-wave networks requires enhancement by using spatial power combining antenna arrays.

Dyson, L 2011, 'Indigenous Peoples on the Internet' in Consalvo, M & Ess, C (eds), The Handbook of Internet Studies, Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, UK, pp. 251-269.
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Ferguson, S, Martens, W & Cabrera, D 2011, 'Statistical Sonification for Exploratory Data Analysis' in Hermann, T, Hunt, A & Neuhoff, JG (eds), The Sonification Handbook, Logos Verlag Berlin GmBH, Berlin, Germany, pp. 175-196.
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At the time of writing, it is clear that more data is available than can be practically digested in a straightforward manner without some form of processing for the human observer. This problem is not a new one, but has been the subject of a great deal of practical investigation in many fields of inquiry. Where there is ready access to existing data, there have been a great many contributions from data analysts who have refined methods that span a wide range of applications, including the analysis of physical, biomedical, social, and economic data. A central concern has been the discovery of more or less hidden information in available data, and so statistical methods of data mining for `the gold in there have been a particular focus in these developments. A collection of tools that have been amassed in response to the need for such methods form a set that has been termed Exploratory Data Analysis [48], or EDA, which has become widely recognized as constituting a useful approach. The statistical methods employed in EDA are typically associated with graphical displays that seek to `tease out a structure in a dataset, and promote the understanding or falsification of hypothesized relationships between parameters in a dataset.

Gray, JE 2011, 'Preface'.

H., C, Shujau, M, Zheng, X, Cheng, B, Cheng, E & S, I 2011, 'Backward Compatible Spatialized Teleconferencing based on Squeezed Recordings' in Strumillo, P (ed), Advances in Sound Localization, InTech, UK, pp. 363-384.
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Commercial teleconferencing systems currently available, although offering sophisticated video stimulus of the remote participants, commonly employ only mono or stereo audio playback for the user. However, in teleconferencing applications where there are multiple participants at multiple sites, spatializing the audio reproduced at each site (using headphones or loudspeakers) to assist listeners to distinguish between participating speakers can significantly improve the meeting experience (Baldis, 2001; Evans et al., 2000; Ward & Elko 1999; Kilgore et al., 2003; Wrigley et al., 2009; James & Hawksford, 2008). An example is Vocal Village (Kilgore et al., 2003), which uses online avatars to co-locate remote participants over the Internet in virtual space with audio spatialized over headphones (Kilgore, et al., 2003). This system adds speaker location cues to monaural speech to create a user manipulable soundfield that matches the avatar’s position in the virtual space. Giving participants the freedom to manipulate the acoustic location of other participants in the rendered sound scene that they experience has been shown to provide for improved multitasking performance (Wrigley et al., 2009). A system for multiparty teleconferencing requires firstly a stage for recording speech from multiple participants at each site. These signals then need to be compressed to allow for efficient transmission of the spatial speech. One approach is to utilise close-talking microphones to record each participant (e.g. lapel microphones), and then encode each speech signal separately prior to transmission (James & Hawksford, 2008). Alternatively, for increased flexibility, a microphone array located at a central point on, say, a meeting table can be used to generate a multichannel recording of the meeting speech A microphone array approach is adopted in this work and allows for processing of the recordings to identify relative spatial locations of the sources as well as multichannel sp...

Johir, MA, Orem, Y, Messalem, R, Ben-David, E, Herzberg, M, Kushmaro, A, Ji, X, Di Profio, G, Curcio, E, Drioli, E, Laroche, JF, Remize, P, Leparc, J, Vigneswaran, S, Chinu, KJ, Lee, J, Shon, H, Kandasamy, JK, Ye, Y, Sim, LN, Herulah, B, Chen, V, Fane, AC, Tansakul, C, Laborie, S & Cabassud, C 2011, 'Evaluation and comparison of seawater and brackish water pre-treatment' in Drioli, E, Criscuoli, A & Macedonio, F (eds), Membrane-Based Desalination: An Integrated Approach (MEDINA), IWA Publishing, UK, pp. 33-70.

Johnston, AJ 2011, 'Almost Tangible Musical Interfaces' in Candy, L & Edmonds, E (eds), Interacting Art, Research and the Creative Practitioner, Libri Publishing, Faringdon, Oxfordshire, U.K, pp. 211-224.
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Primarily I see myself as a musician. Certainly Im a researcher too, but my research is with and for musicians and is inextricably bound up in the practice of performing. Research questions arise through the execution of, reflection upon and examination of performance. This is because Id like the findings of my research, and the performance works which are at the core of the work, to be interesting and relevant to other musicians and composers. As someone who put a lot of work into trying to be a good musician for quite some time, this feels like a natural way to operate. I understand how musicians think, I speak the language and I respect their skill and dedication. I dont for a moment propose that the practicebased research approach I will describe in this chapter is the one and only way to conduct research in this area. It is, however, an approach that has worked for me. It has enabled me to continue to work creatively, while also engaging in research grounded in an epistemology of practice.

Keshavarzy, A & Ball, JE 2011, 'Stochastic Nature of Flow Turbulence and Sediment Particle Entrainment over the Ripples at the Bed of Open Channel Using Image Processing Technique' in Faruk Bhuiyan (ed), Sediment Transport â Flow Processes and Morphology, In-Tech, Croatia, pp. 69-92.

Kutay, C 2011, 'Issues for Australian Indigenous Culture Online' in Handbook of Research on Culturally-Aware Information Technology, IGI Global, pp. 337-361.
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Information Technology is the most versatile technology yet developed. By enabling the components to be altered using a language emulating the spoken tongue, we have a technology that can readily be adapted to new situations. This flexibility is exemplified by the resources provided by the open source community which covers a wide range of applications including communication protocols, file conversions and web services. However the designers of this technology are still located in a cultural milieu which may not accommodate the needs of all users. This chapter looks at how innovative technology and software can meet the needs of some of the most dispossessed people through supporting Indigenous knowledge sharing. In designing Appropriate Technology, engineers consider the technical, environmental, social and economic aspects affecting uptake, as well as cultural suitability. Using this approach, the author considers IT uptake in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities across Australia.

Lammers, T, Kersten, W & Skirde, H 2011, 'Entwicklung eines Kriterienkataloges zur strukturierten Allokation von Effekten der Modularisierung' in Modulstrategie in der Beschaffung - Konferenzband Konferenz der AutoUni am 18.11. 2010 in Wolfsburg, Logos Verlag.
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Wettbewerb und Effizienzstreben fuhren in der Automobilindustrie zu diversen Aktivitaten, die auf die Identifikation und die Hebung von Kostensenkungspotentialen abzielen.

Lee, J, Guan, H, Blumenstein, M & Loo, YC 2011, 'Improving the reliability of a bridge deterioration model for a decision support system using artificial intelligence' in Chan, T & thambiratnam, DP (eds), Structural Health Monitoring in Australia, Nova Science Publishers, USA, pp. 201-223.
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Bridge Management Systems (BMSs) have been developed since the early 1990s, as a decision support system (DSS) for effective Maintenance, Repair and Rehabilitation (MR&R) activities in a large bridge network. Historical condition ratings obtained from biennial bridge inspections are major resources for predicting future bridge deteriorations through BMSs. However, available historical condition ratings are very limited in all bridge agencies. This constitutes the major barrier for achieving reliable future structural performances. To alleviate this problem, a Backward Prediction Model (BPM) technique has been developed to help generate missing historical condition ratings. Its reliability has been verified using existing condition ratings obtained from the Maryland Department of Transportation, USA. This is achieved through establishing the correlation between known condition ratings and related non-bridge factors such as climate and environmental conditions, traffic volumes and population growth. Such correlations can then be used to determine the bridge condition ratings of the missing years. With the help of these generated datasets, the currently available bridge deterioration model can be utilized to more reliably forecast future bridge conditions. In this chapter, the prediction accuracy based on four and nine BPM-generated historical condition ratings as input data are also compared, using traditional bridge deterioration modeling techniques, i.e., deterministic and stochastic methods. The condition ratings are available. This implies that the BPM can be utilized to generate unavailable historical data, which is crucial for bridge deterioration models to achieve more accurate prediction results. Nevertheless, there are considerable limitations in the existing bridge deterioration models. Thus, further research is essential to improve the prediction accuracy of bridge deterioration models. ©2011 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.

Lowe, D, Murray, S & Kong, X 2011, 'Wireless Sensor Resource Usage Optimisation Using Embedded State Predictors' in Obaidat, MS & Filipe, J (eds), e-Business and Telecommunications - ICETE 2009, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 320-331.
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The increasing prevalence and sophistication of wireless sensors is creating an opportunity for improving, or in many cases enabling, the real-time monitoring and control of distributed physical systems. However, whilst a major issue in the use of these sensors is their resource utilisation, there has only been limited consideration given to the interplay between the data sampling requirements of the control and monitoring systems and the design characteristics of the wireless sensors. In this paper we describe an approach to the optimization of the resources utilized by these devices based on the use of synchronized state predictors. By embedding state predictors into the sensors themselves it becomes possible for the sensors to predict their optimal sampling rate consistent with maintaining monitoring or control performance, and hence minimize the utilization of limited sensor resources such as power and bandwidth.

Ma, J, Zhang, G & Lu, J 2011, 'A Fuzzy Hierarchical Multiple Criteria Group Decision Support System – Decider – and Its Applications' in Kacprzyk, PJ (ed), Consensual Processes, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Germany, pp. 383-403.
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Decider is a Fuzzy Hierarchical Multiple Criteria Group Decision Support System (FHMC-GDSS) designed for dealing with subjective, in particular linguistic, information and objective information simultaneously to support group decision making particularly on evaluation. In this chapter, the fuzzy aggregation decision model, functions and structure of Decider are introduced. The ideas to resolve decision and evaluation problems we have faced in the development and application of Decider are presented. Two real applications of the Decider system are briefly illustrated. Finally, we discuss our further research in this area.

Madden, C & Piccardi, M 2011, 'System-Wide Tracking of Individuals' in Remagnino, P, Jain, LC & Monekosso, DN (eds), Innovations in Defence Support Systems – 3, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 83-103.
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Tracking the movements of people around surveillance systems is becoming increasingly important in the current security conscious environment. This chapter discusses recent research to assist with tracking the movement of individuals throughout the full surveillance area, even when those views do not overlap and may be separated by significant distances. This is due to advances in tracking within a camera view, which allows feature models to be built of an individual. The feature models can include a range of shape, appearance, and transition features appropriate for use with surveillance footage. These may also utilise spatial information about the objects from both the real world and image planes to increase individual discriminitivity. These feature models can be combined and compared within a statistical framework to determine the probability of any two tracks being made by the same individual. It is this combination of such tracks that allows for system wide tracking of individuals to be performed. Techniques are also presented to improve the accuracy of the feature information. These include the application of spatial or temporal smoothing, the identifcation and removal of signifcant feature errors, as well as the mitigation of other potential error sources like illumination. The results of both the individual features, and the combined system wide tracks are presented based upon an analysis of individuals observed in realistic surveillance footage. These show that current camera technology will not produce a fully automated system, but can provide signifcant information to assist security operators.

Riduan, M, Dutkiewicz, E & Huang, X 2011, 'A Survey of Low Duty Cycle MAC Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks' in Foerster, A & Foerster, A (eds), Emerging Communications for Wireless Sensor Networks, InTech, USA, pp. 5-90.
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This chapter examines various important low duty cycle MAC protocols and the two most important MAC protocols designed specifically for cooperative Multiple-Input Multiple- Output (MIMO) transmission. In most cases, the low duty cycle MAC protocols trade off latency for energy efficient operation. Also, we can observe later that asynchronous MAC protocols are more scalable than synchronous MAC protocols. On the one hand, when sensor nodes join or leave a group or a cluster, the MAC needs to resynchronise the network over and over in such protocols as LEACH and S-MAC. Frequent re-synchronisation can lead to higher energy consumption. The situation becomes more complex when global synchronisation is required instead of local synchronisation. Thus a balance must be made between frequent synchronisation and scalability in synchronous MAC protocol design. On the other hand, in some cases with asynchronous MAC, the higher scalability comes at the cost of higher transmission energy due to the implementation of a long preamble and overhearing in such protocols as RF Wake-up and B-MAC. However, the burden of long preamble transmission is reduced gradually by the introduction of short packet techniques such in SpeckMAC and X-MAC. Moreover, it is important to note that little attention has been paid to increasing the link reliability in SISO systems. The only mechanism used is the ACK packet feedback in protocols such IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and WiseMAC. The MIMO-LEACH and CMACON protocols provide measures to increase link reliability and at the same time reduce transmission power by exploiting spatial diversity gain. On the one hand, the MIMO-LEACH protocol employs a duty cycle mechanism through TDMA time slots assignments which reduces the total energy consumption. Furthermore, multihop communication between cluster heads is introduced to replace the direct communication which reduces further the total energy consumption. Also, collisions can be avoided with the distinct time s...

RIZOIU, M-A & VELCIN, J 2011, 'Topic Extraction for Ontology Learning' in Ontology Learning and Knowledge Discovery Using the Web, IGI Global, pp. 38-60.
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This chapter addresses the issue of topic extraction from text corpora for ontology learning. The first part provides an overview of some of the most significant solutions present today in the literature. These solutions deal mainly with the inferior layers of the Ontology Learning Layer Cake. They are related to the challenges of the Terms and Synonyms layers. The second part shows how these pieces can be bound together into an integrated system for extracting meaningful topics. While the extracted topics are not proper concepts as yet, they constitute a convincing approach towards concept building and therefore ontology learning. This chapter concludes by discussing the research undertaken for filling the gap between topics and concepts as well as perspectives that emerge today in the area of topic extraction.

Ruscalleda Beylier, M, Balaguer, MD, Colprim, J, Pellicer-Nàcher, C, Ni, B-J, Smets, BF, Sun, S-P & Wang, R-C 2011, 'Biological Nitrogen Removal from Domestic Wastewater' in Comprehensive Biotechnology, Elsevier, pp. 329-340.
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Nitrogen (N) removal from domestic wastewater is widely performed by nitrification coupled to heterotrophic denitrification. However, the organic carbon (C)-to-N ratio (C/N) in the wastewater is frequently too low to achieve proper N-removal efficiencies and external organic C sources are often necessary to support the process and meet the discharge standards for total N (TN), increasing the process cost. The main cost, however, remains the high energy demand to provide the aeration necessary for nitrification. Alternatives have been developed to reduce the need for organic C source. The anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic process (A2/O), simultaneous nitrification/denitrification, shortcut nitrification, or nitrifier bioaugmentation are feasible solutions to upgrade wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The combined and simultaneous use of autotrophic aerobic and anaerobic microbial ammonium (NH4+) conversions (i.e., anaerobic ammonium oxidation; anammox) provide the most cost-effective solutions, as they obviate the need for an organic C source and reduce the aeration costs by more than 40%, compared to the traditional nitrification/denitrification paradigm. The first full-scale applications that take advantage of combined aerobic/anaerobic ammonium oxidation have been implemented to remove N from sludge digester effluent streams. In this way, the N load to the main liquid treatment train of the WWTP can be reduced by 10-30% with important cost savings. A current challenge involves control of gaseous N-oxide emissions (NO and N2O) from N-removal processes. New technologies, such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs), are developed aiming at energy-balanced WWTPs. This article reviews the existing technologies for effective biological N removal, with attention to anaerobic processes.

Sood, S 2011, 'E-Novation and Start-Up Companies' in E-Novation for Competitive Advantage in Collaborative Globalization, IGI Global, pp. 197-209.
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By 2010 the potential to launch a “startup-in-a-box” with an E-Novation framework (Pattinson and Low 2008) supported by social technologies to foster intense collaboration among core employees will become both a reality and essential. Only through a combination of framework and social technologies can startups and founding employees keep pace with the changing business landscape and generate a rapid amount of knowledge to sustain sufficient advantage in the market.

Sood, S & Jin, K 2011, 'E-Novation Program Office and Roadmap' in E-Novation for Competitive Advantage in Collaborative Globalization, IGI Global, pp. 238-251.
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This chapter introduces a new organizational entity for government organisations, the E-Novation Program Office (EPO). The basis for this structure is researcher experiences of the divide between organizational decision-making capability and the actual delivery of innovation using new technology initiatives within Australian organizations. Key EPO decision-making mechanisms include cognitive mapping, road maps, scenario planning, and complexity thinking. The proposed model of the EPO is informed through author experiences within a variety of Australian organisations and government enterprises focusing on technological innovation rather than other forms of innovation. The EPO serves to guide innovative actions, prioritization of effort, and better execution by acting as a counterbalance between technology, strategy, and delivery to ensure the successful introduction of innovation. The robustness, flexibility, and adaptability of the EPO arises from modeling processes arising from research in the governance of enterprise wide service orientated architectures for information systems. The EPO explicitly supports the central tenant of government organisations, the provision of service to citizens. Most importantly, service is taken to be the provision of knowledge and skills (Vargo & Lusch, 2004) for the benefit of citizens.

Sood, S & Pattinson, H 2011, 'Patterns of Negotiation' in Unifying Themes in Complex Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 313-319.
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Sun, J & Buys, N 2011, 'Working memory in preterm and full-term infants' in Working Memory: Capacity, Developments and Improvement Techniques, pp. 175-199.
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Introduction This study investigated working memory in preterm and full-term infants at 8 months after expected date of delivery. Working memory is defined as 'the ability to maintain an appropriate problem solving set for the attainment of a future goal' [1,p. 201]. An important characteristic of working memory is that it is prospective, that is, its purpose is to attain a goal, and it not only enables information to be held in mind but also to be manipulated. Working memory emerges in infancy and continues to develop throughout childhood. Working memory is believed to underlie some learning problems in children at school age. Although numerous studies have reported that the overall development of preterm infants is comparable to that of full-term infants at the same corrected age, it is unclear to what extent the development of specific cognitive abilities is affected by prematurity and/or other factors such as medical complications. As preterm infants have a high rate of learning difficulties, it is possible that factors associated with prematurity specifically affect the development of some regions of the brain associated with the regulation of working memory. Methods The current study aimed to examine the effects of maturation and length of exposure to extrauterine environmental stimuli on the development of working memory, by comparing the development of preterm infants with that of full-term infants at both thesame corrected age and the same chronological age. A case-control study design was used for the study. Thirty-seven preterm infants without identified disabilities and 74 fullterm and gender matched healthy full-term infants participated in the study. The preterm infants were all less than 32 weeks gestation and less than 1500 grams birthweight. All infants were assessed on working memory tasks at 8 months after the expected date of delivery (when preterm infants were actually 10-11 months chronological age). Results The findings of the study showed ...

Tong, L & Luo, Q 2011, 'Analytical Approach to Joint Design' in Handbook of Adhesion Technology, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 597-627.
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Uy, B, Zhu, X, Xiang, Y, Zou, JJ, Liyanapathirana, R, Gunawardana, U, Pap, L & Perera, H 2011, 'Civionics-an emerging interdisciplinary research area in Australia' in Structural Health Monitoring in Australia, pp. 145-176.
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The Civionics Research Centre at the University of Western Sydney (UWS) is a multi-disciplinary research group with expertise in Civil/Structural Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Telecommunication Engineering, Construction Engineering and Mechanical Engineering. Multi-disciplinary approaches are being developed to advance the current capabilities of structural health monitoring. In this chapter, some recent activities on research, development and implementation of structural health monitoring for civil infrastructure in the centre are briefly introduced. The content includes wireless sensor network development, advanced signal processing and structural condition assessment. ©2011 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.

Vigneswaran, S, Shon, H & Kandasamy, J 2011, 'Chapter 6Treatment of Kraft Black Liquor Using Membrane-Based Separation Process' in Membrane Technologies and Applications, CRC Press, USA, pp. 125-138.
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Membrane technology has been increasingly applied in water and wastewater treatment. Membrane filtration involves separation of dissolved, colloidal, and particulate constituents from a pressurized fluid using microporous materials. Membranes are categorized into four main groups based on the size of their pores, namely, reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), ultrafiltration (UF), and microfiltration (MF). Microfiltration with the largest pore size of 0.1–10 μm is commonly used to separate suspended particulates, large colloids, and bacteria; hence, it is suitable for the treatment of water that has high turbidity and low color or organics content (Schafer, 2001). Similarly, ultrafiltration (0.001–0.1 μm) can exclude macromolecules and fine colloidal suspensions such as proteins, dyes, and bacteria, but the removal of dissolved organics is limited. MF and UF can also be used as pretreatment for NF and RO processes (Schafer, 2001). Nanofiltration with smaller pore sizes of between 15 and 30 Å is employed for water softening and the removal of disinfection by-products (DBPs). NF can reduce 60%–80% of the hardness and more than 90% of color-causing substances (Cheryan, 1998).

Wang, Y & Rajapakse, JC 2011, 'DISCRIMINATIVE FRAMEWORK OF NEURAL ACTIVATION ANALYSIS WITH fMRI' in Advanced Topics in Biometrics, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, pp. 483-500.
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Xu, G 2011, 'Collaborative Search and Communities of Interest' in Francq, P (ed), Collaborative Search and Communities of Interest: Trends in Knowledge Sharing and Assessment, IGI Global, pp. 38-68.
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(Fred) Cha, D, Zhang, H & Blumenstein, M 2011, 'Prediction of maximum wave-induced liquefaction in porous seabed using multi-artificial neural network model', Ocean Engineering, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 878-887.
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Abedin, B 2011, 'Web 2.0 and Online Learning and Teaching: A Preliminary Benchmarking Study', Asian Social Science, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 5-12.
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Page Header Logo Asian Social Science USER Username Password Remember me JOURNAL CONTENT Search Browse By Issue By Author By Title Other Journals FONT SIZE Make font size smallerMake font size defaultMake font size larger INFORMATION For Readers For Authors For Librarians CURRENT ISSUE Atom logo RSS2 logo RSS1 logo HOME ABOUT LOG IN REGISTER SEARCH CURRENT ARCHIVES ANNOUNCEMENTS RECRUITMENT EDITORIAL TEAM SUBMISSIONS INDEX CONTACT OTHER JOURNALS PUBLISHER Home > Vol 7, No 11 (2011) >Abedin Web 2.0 and Online Learning and Teaching: A Preliminary Benchmarking Study Babak Abedin Abstract The context of online learning has been transformed by the advent of Web 2.0. While universities have just recently started to use Web 2.0 applications, these applications already exist in the students personal and educational world. Yet it is still not clear in what ways universities may be able to incorporate Web 2.0 applications in learning and teaching practices. This paper gives an overview of Web 2.0 applications for universities and discusses new opportunities that Web 2.0 has brought for universities. Examples of how some universities have used these applications are then outlined and categorized. The paper also discusses some of the main issues with Web 2.0 applications and provides recommendations for resolving these issues.

Abedin, B, Daneshgar, F & D’Ambra, J 2011, 'Students’ communicative behavior adaptability in CSCL environments', Education and Information Technologies, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 227-244.
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Abedin, B, Daneshgar, F & D'Ambra, J 2011, 'Enhancing non-task sociability of asynchronous CSCL environments', COMPUTERS & EDUCATION, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 2535-2547.
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While from a technological perspective Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) systems have been improved considerably, previous studies have shown that the social aspect of the CSCL is often neglected or assumed to happen automatically by simply creating such virtual learning environments. By distinguishing between students non-task social interactions from on-task interactions, and through a content analysis, this paper demonstrates that non-task interactions do occur frequently in CSCL environments. Furthermore, by conducting a self-reported survey, the present study operationalizes non-task sociability of CSCL environments and determines factors that affect them. The findings from the survey revealed that the sense of cohesion and awareness about others significantly impact the non-task sociability of CSCL. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the perception of self-representation and perception of compatibility affect the sense of cohesion and awareness about others and indirectly contribute to the perceived non-pedagogical sociability of the environment. The findings of this paper can be used in future research for investigating the relationship between the non-task sociability of CSCL and other CSCL factors. The study also provides the CSCL lecturers and facilitators with a conceptual model by which sociability can be explicitly addressed in their course planning and delivery processes. And finally, this study develops and validates an instrument that guides required changes in current CSCL systems to improve the non-task social functionality of the environment.

Abul Kalam, M & Hj Hassan, M 2011, 'Design, Modification and Testing of a Catalytic Converter for Natural Gas Fueled Engines', Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 677-688.
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Adnan, R, Masjuki, HH & Mahlia, TMI 2011, 'Mathematical modeling on the effect of equivalence ratio in emission characteristics of compression ignition engine with hydrogen substitution', Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 217, no. 13, pp. 6144-6158.
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Ahmad, RT, Nguyen, TV, Vigneswaran, S & Ho, DP 2011, 'Removal of effluent organic matter by purolite fluidised bed and submerged membrane hybrid system', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 194-200.
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In this study, Purolite (R) A500PS was used to remove effluent organic matter in a fluidised bed and submerged membrane hybrid system (SMHS). It was found that the fluidised bed purolite column can effectively remove 73% of dissolved organic compound (DOC) from synthetic biologically treated sewage effluent (BTSE). DOC removal can be reduced further, by up to 95% when the fluidised bed purolite column was combined with a treatment by granular activated carbon column. Purolite (R) A500PS was also used as an adsorbent in the SMHS. The results showed that critical flux of the SMHS depend on the purolite size. Critical fluxes of SMHS were 30 and 35 L/m(2). h where 0.1 g/L of purolite of sizes below 150 mu m and 150-300 mu m were used respectively. The removal efficiency of natural organic matter from synthetic BTSE by SMHS was a function of purolite dose. The removal efficiency increased from less than 60% to more than 70% when the purolite dose increased from 0.05g/L to 0.1g/L.

Ahmed, A, Mubashir Hassan, M, Sohaib, O, Hussain, W & Qasim Khan, M 2011, 'An agent based architecture for cognitive spectrum management', Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 682-689.
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In the recent years, wireless technologies and devices have progressed dramatically that has augmented the demand for electromagnetic spectrum. Some research work showed that spectrum access and provision to user is not possible due to shortage of spectrum but federal communication commission refused to accept this theory and indicated that the spectrum is available since most of the frequency bands are underutilized. In order to allow the use of these frequency bands without interference, cognitive radio was proposed that characterizes the growing intelligence of radio systems can adapt to the radio environment, allowing opportunistic usage and sharing with the existing uses of spectrum. To take this concept a step further, we propose to use intelligent agent for spectrum management in the context of cognitive radio in this paper. In our proposed architecture, agents are embedded in the radio devices that coordinate their operations to benefit from network and avoid interference with the primary user. Agents carry a set of modules to gather information about the terminal status and the radio environment and act accordingly to the constraints of the user application.

Ahmed, W, Aslam, MA, Lopez-Lorca, AA, Shen, J, Beydoun, G & Richards, D 2011, 'Using Ontologies to Synchronize Change in Relational Database Systems', JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 89-107.

Al Fugura, A, Billa, L & Pradhan, B 2011, 'Semi-automated procedures for shoreline extraction using single RADARSAT-1 SAR image', Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 395-400.
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Aldridge, LP, Vessalas, K, Fernando, K, Costa, MD, Thomas, P & Ray, AS 2011, 'Comparison of durability measures of concrete as a function of cure times', Concrete in Australia, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 42-47.
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This work forms part of a project for evaluating techniques of estimating concrete durability to improve service life. Here compressive strength, chloride diffusivity, void volume, and sorptivity from water cured concretes were measured at seven, 28 and 56 days to evaluate the concrete durability as a function of curing. It was concluded that while void volume and sorptivity were useful as quality control measures they did not reflect the increase in durability found when concrete was cured. This was in contrast to the chloride diffusivity and compressive strength results which showed marked differences during the curing of the concrete. For this study four concrete mixes were prepared using identical compositions of water, sand, and aggregates and having the same amount of cementitious materials with four different compositions: (1) Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) (2) OPC with 20% replacement of a commercial fly ash (3) OPC with 40% replacement of the same fly ash, and (4) OPC with 20% replacement by pitchstone fines. Pitchstone fines are a waste product made during the production of expandable perlite aggregate which previous work has shown to act as a supplementary cementitious material.

Alem, L & Li, J 2011, 'A Study of Gestures in a Video-Mediated Collaborative Assembly Task', Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 2011, pp. 1-7.
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This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of two gesture representations (overlaying hands and cursor pointer) in a video-mediated scenario—remote collaboration on physical task. Our study assessed the relative value of the two gesture representations with respect to their effectiveness in task performance, user's satisfaction, and user's perceived quality of collaboration in terms of the coordination and interaction with the remote partner. Our results show no clear difference between these two gesture representations in the effectiveness and user satisfaction. However, when considering the perceived quality of collaboration, the overlaying hands condition was statistically significantly higher than the pointer cursor condition. Our results seem to suggest that the value of a more expressive gesture representation is not so much a gain in performance but rather a gain in user's experience, more specifically in user's perceived quality of collaborative effort.

Al-Harthy, AS, Stewart, MG & Mullard, J 2011, 'Concrete cover cracking caused by steel reinforcement corrosion', Magazine of Concrete Research, vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 655-667.
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The paper reviews previously reported predictive models on corrosion-induced crack initiation and propagation and presents new additional results of ongoing accelerated corrosion tests conducted at The University of Newcastle. In addition to eight concrete specimens previously tested, six new specimens were tested to study the effect of reinforcement confinement, concrete strength (24 and 8 MPa), cover (10 and 20 mm) and reinforcing bar diameter (16 and 27 mm) on corrosion-induced cracking. Time-dependent crack widths were measured for different reinforced concrete slabs for corrosion rates up to 169 μA/cm2. It was found that predictions of time to crack initiation are highly scattered and can differ by as much as two orders of magnitude. It was also found that crack initiation and propagation times increase with increasing cover and decrease with increasing reinforcing bar diameter and compressive strength. In addition, the rate of crack propagation is 10–50% higher for reduced reinforcement confinement such as at the edge of a slab or corner of a column. The experimental results are compared with existing crack initiation and propagation predictive models allowing for the accuracy of existing models to be assessed and showing potential areas for further research.

Ali, A, Hussain, W & Ahmed, A 2011, 'E-learning: Closing the digital gap between developed and developing countries', Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 903-908.
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As there are many gaps between developed and developing countries, Digital Gap is one of them. Research has raised the idea and question of e-learning closing this gap. Research has identified, compared, evaluated and reviewed the issue from both the angels of literature and quantitative research. The focus has been to assess the e-learning potential to provide quality education though electronic means and review to what extent this is going to be feasible. ICT infrastructure, channels of communication, learning styles, the role of teacher and classroom and blended learning has been discussed.

Al-Mahmoud, F, Castel, A, François, R & Tourneur, C 2011, 'Anchorage and tension-stiffening effect between near-surface-mounted CFRP rods and concrete', Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 346-352.
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Alomari, MM & Zhu, JG 2011, 'Bifurcation control of subsynchronous resonance using TCSC', Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 2363-2370.
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This paper presents the use of Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) to control bifurcations of subsynchronous resonance (SSR) in multimachine power system. The modified second system of the IEEE second benchmark model of subsynchronous resonance

Al-Rifai, JH, Khabbaz, H & Schaefer, AI 2011, 'Removal of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds in a water recycling process using reverse osmosis systems', SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 60-67.
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A detailed investigation was carried out to evaluate the occurrence, persistence and fate of a range of micropollutants at different processing points at a full-scale water recycling plant (WRP) in Queensland, Australia. The WRP, which combines an advanced water treatment plant (AWTP) with a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), produces high quality recycled water for industrial users. The concentrations of 11 pharmaceuticals from various therapeutic categories and two endocrine disrupting chemicals were examined in full-scale microfiltration and reverse osmosis membrane facilities. Salicylic acid was the most abundant analyte in the WWTP influent, with a concentration range of 11â38g/L, followed by bisphenol A with concentrations ranging from 6 to 23g/L. The concentration of all analytes decreased on average by one order of magnitude following primary and secondary treatment. Gemfibrozil, primidone and carbamazepine were found to have lower removal efficiencies (74â78%) than other compounds during these stages, which could indicate lower biodegradability. The microfiltration and reverse osmosis systems were found to further lower the pollutant concentrations by an order of magnitude. The overall removal efficiencies in the final recycled water were above 97%, resulting in product water concentrations of lower than 0.1g/L for most compounds. An exception to this finding was observed for bisphenol A, which was detected in concentrations up to 0.5g/L in the final recycled water.

Altaee, A 2011, 'A conceptual membrane arrangement design in the high pressure vessel for seawater desalination', WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, vol. 145, pp. 659-670.
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The wide applications of Reverse Osmosis (RO) membranes in seawater desalination and various industrial processes have encouraged researchers and scientists to investigate the phenomena of water and salt diffusion through the membrane. Typically, the high pressure RO membrane vessel is loaded with membrane elements having the same flux and salt rejection rate. It has been conceived that when different types of RO elements are loaded into the pressure vessel in a special arrangement according to their permeability and salt rejection rate, this arrangement has the potential for reducing the energy consumption of the RO plant. A conceptual design is introduced here to describe this new idea. The effects of feed salinity and temperature were investigated in this paper using the ROSA Filmtec membrane design software. A two pass membrane treatment process was designed for desalting seawater at different salinities varied from 35000 ppm to 43000 ppm. The results showed a net energy saving from 2.5% to 3% (depending on the feed salinity) could be achieved. The effect of the feed temperature was also investigated and the new design was found to be more energy efficient. © 2011 WIT Press.

AlTaee, A & Sharif, AO 2011, 'Alternative design to dual stage NF seawater desalination using high rejection brackish water membranes', Desalination, vol. 273, no. 2-3, pp. 391-397.
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Dual stage NF membrane desalination process was proposed as an alternative approach to RO seawater desalination. Despite of being cheaper than RO desalination, dual stage NF process is not commercially applied yet due to the low overall recovery rate. In an attempt to increase the process recovery rate and to reduce the operation complicity, brackish water RO membrane was used instead of NF in the second stage. ROSA software was used in this study to verify the applicability and cost-effectiveness of the NF-BW dual stage desalination process. Similarly to dual stage NF desalination process, an NF membrane was used in the first stage and BW membrane in the second stage. Permeate from NF membrane was used as a feed into the BW membranes. The effect of membrane type and seawater salinity on the process performance was investigated. For any given recovery rate and seawater salinity, the simulation results showed that the overall cost of NF-NF was slightly lower than the NF-BW process but that was on the cost of higher permeate TDS. For instance, at 43,000mg/l feed salinity the difference in the specific power consumption between NF-NF and NF-BW process was 0.38kWh/m3. The permeate TDS was 125mg/l for NF-BW and 1030mg/l for NF-NF process. The difference in the permeate TDS between NF-NF and NF-BW process increased with increasing the feed salinity. In dual stage NF process, a low permeate was achieved at low recovery rate. For example, at 43,000mg/l feed salinity the permeate TDS from dual stage NF process was 359mg/l when the overall recovery rate was 22%. It was also found that the effect of BW membrane type on the process efficiency was insignificant. Finally, the energy requirements of NF-NF and NF-BW were compared to a single stage RO desalination process. The specific power consumption at 43,000mg/l feed salinity was 4.58kWh/m3, 4.2kWh/m3 and 3.86kWh/m3 for RO, NF-BW and NF-NF process respectively. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Al-Zubaydi, AY 2011, 'Solar air conditioning and refrigeration with absorption chillers technology in Australia–an overview on researches and applications', Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering Research, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 23-41.
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The air conditioning sector demand for energy has increased incessantly in Australia in the past few years due to global warming and the increase of life standards. This added more loads on the electricity demand and a significant increase in peak demand due to the use of conventional air conditioning systems, in addition to the environmental impact of energy producing from fossil fuels. Nevertheless, to minimise the environmental impact associated with air conditioning/ refrigeration system operation it is logical to evaluate the alternative options for energy sources and/or refrigerant systems. The solar assisted air conditioning /refrigeration system is presented as an attractive substance utilise the free, clean and sustainable solar energy. In this study, an overview of the different solar assisted air conditioning technologies available and their applications with a brief literature of the current related research and study in Australia, the review cover the solar thermal assisted cooling system (Absorption, Adsorption, Ejector systems, Desiccant cooling, thermo-mechanical) and the Solar electric cooling technology. From the study, the Solar cooling system applied Absorption chillers present as the most promising technology available.

Amailef, K & Lu, J 2011, 'A mobile‐based emergency response system for intelligent m‐government services', Journal of Enterprise Information Management, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 338-359.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an intelligent mobile based emergency response system (MERS) framework, a text information extraction and aggregation algorithm to integrate information from multiple sources in the MERS system, and an ontology‐supported case‐based reasoning system for the MERS system.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explains the components of information extraction and aggregation process, and a CBR‐Ontology approach for the MERS system.FindingsThe result of this study will offer a new opportunity to the interaction between government, citizens, responders, and other non‐government agencies in emergency situations, and therefore improve the services of the government in an emergency situation.Originality/valueThe paper indicates the need for usage of mobile technologies to assist the government to get information and make decisions in responding to disasters anytime and anywhere.

Amarjargal, A, Tijing, LD & Kim, CS 2011, 'One-pot synthesis of silver-titanium dioxide nanocomposites using ethylene glycol medium and their antibacterial properties', Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1957-1965.
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We report here for the first time a one-pot simultaneous synthesis and antibacterial properties of Ag-TiO2 nanocomposites via ethylene glycol medium. The salient features of this method include simple operation, large scale production and one medium (solvent) to produce two different nanoparticles. Clusters of Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles with an average size of 20 - 30 nm and narrow size distribution are formed after annealing at 400 and 500 oC. The annealed Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles show excellent antibacterial properties under visible-light irradiation.

Anaissi, A, Kennedy, PJ & Goyal, ML 2011, 'Dimension Reduction of Microarray Data Based on Local Principal Component', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 77, pp. 68-73.
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Analysis and visualization of microarraydata is veryassistantfor biologists and clinicians in the field of diagnosis and treatment of patients. It allows Clinicians to better understand the structure of microarray and facilitates understanding gene expression in cells. However, microarray dataset is a complex data set and has thousands of features and a very small number of observations. This very high dimensional data set often contains some noise, non-useful information and a small number of relevant features for disease or genotype. This paper proposes a non-linear dimensionality reduction algorithm Local Principal Component (LPC) which aims to maps high dimensional data to a lower dimensional space. The reduced data represents the most important variables underlying the original data. Experimental results and comparisons are presented to show the quality of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, experiments also show how this algorithm reduces high dimensional data whilst preserving the neighbourhoods of the points in the low dimensional space as in the high dimensional space.

Anand, S, Engelbrecht, A & McGloin, D 2011, 'Optically written optofluidic ice channels', Journal of Optics, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 044005-044005.
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Anbazhagan, P, Lijun, S, Buddhima, I & Cholachat, R 2011, 'Model track studies on fouled ballast using ground penetrating radar and multichannel analysis of surface wave', Journal of Applied Geophysics, vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 175-184.
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Ankiewicz, A, Kedziora, DJ & Akhmediev, N 2011, 'Rogue wave triplets', Physics Letters A, vol. 375, no. 28-29, pp. 2782-2785.
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Ansari, Y, Merifield, R, Yamamoto, H & Sheng, D 2011, 'Numerical analysis of soilbags under compression and cyclic shear', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 659-668.
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Aryal, R, Baral, B, Vigneswaran, S, Naidu, R & Loganathan, P 2011, 'Seasonal influence on urban dust PAH profile and toxicity in Sydney, Australia', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 63, no. 10, pp. 2238-2243.
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Road dust is one of the major threats to the urban environment due to wash-off of dust to the surrounding catchments during wet weather period. The dust contains wide range of toxic contaminants such as heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and endocrine disrupting chemicals. Among the toxic contaminants, PAHs are of environmental concern due to their potential carcinogenic and mutagenic effect besides endocrine disruptive behaviour. Eighteen road dust samples from Sydney were collected in different time periods for a year and analysed for 16 US EPA PAHs. Total PAHs content range in the dust was 9â105 μg/g. Total and individual PAH contents were highest in the finest size fraction (<75 μm) and in winter compared to the other seasons. The PAH profiles in the different particle sizes were similar but different between the four seasons. The concentrations of higher molecular weight PAHs (4- and 5-rings) were much greater than the concentrations of lower molecular weight PAHs (2- and 3-rings). Toxicity equivalency factor application showed that the longer the dry weather period the higher the total PAHs content and toxicity in the dust.

Aryal, R, Kandasamy, J, Vigneswaran, S, Naidu, R & Lee, SH 2011, 'Review of stormwater quality, quantity and treatment methods part 1: Stormwater quantity modelling', Environmental Engineering Research, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 71-78.
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A review of stormwater quantity and quality in the urban environment is presented. The review is presented in three parts. The first part reviews the mathematical methods for stormwater quantity and has been undertaken by examining a number of stormwater models that are in current use. The important feature of models, their applications, and management has been discussed. Different types of stormwater management models are presented in the literatures. Generally, all the models are simplified as conceptual or empirical depending on whether the model is based on physical laws or not. In both cases if any of the variables in the model are regarded as random variables having a probability distribution, then the model is stochastic model. Otherwise the model is deterministic (based on process descriptions). The analytical techniques are presented in this paper.

Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2011, 'Application of Ultraviolet (UV) Spectrophotometry in the Assessment of Membrane Bioreactor Performance for Monitoring Water and Wastewater Treatment', Applied Spectroscopy, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 227-232.
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Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy has been widely used in monitoring water and wastewater treatment. In this study UV spectroscopy was used to investigate fouling development on the membrane surface of membrane bioreactors. The chemistry of mixed liquor present in the membrane bioreactor and the foulant deposited on the membrane surface was compared by analyzing the UV spectra. The mixed liquor showed different spectra than did the foulant. The foulant spectra showed a shift in absorbance peaks with operation time. The particle size distribution (<450 nm) was also examined to explain the UV fingerprints.

Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S, Loganathan, P, Kandasamy, J & Mohammed, T 2011, 'Hydrous iron oxide for removal of inorganic contaminants in simulated stormwater: A batch sorption kinetics study', KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 1706-1712.
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Urban stormwater runoff, which consists of inorganic and organic contaminants, is a major source of pollutants to receiving waters and therefore they need to be removed. Simultaneous removal of contaminants, Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ (heavy metal cations), and SeO4 2â (oxyanion) from a simulated stormwater by a hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) was studied in batch and column sorption experiments. In the batch experiment the rate of sorption of the ions was rapid at the beginning and reached equilibrium in approximately 300 min. The amounts of ions sorbed were proportionate to the respective initial concentration of the ions added to the HFO. Cluster analysis showed that all heavy metals had similar sorption behavior, whereas Se had a distinctly different sorption process. Of the three different kinetic models tested the pseudo-first order kinetic model fitted the data the best. The column experimental results beyond 180 min were consistent with those of the batch experiment that the removal efficiencies of the ions were in proportion to the ion concentration in the feed. Below 180 min, Cu appeared to be preferentially removed than Zn.

Atallah, SS, El Saliby, I, Baalbaki, R & Talhouk, SN 2011, 'Effects of different irrigation, drying and production scenarios on the productivity, postharvest quality and economic feasibility of Origanum syriacum, a species typically over-collected from the wild in Lebanon', Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 337-343.
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Background: The potential of Origanum syriacum L. to become a cultivated crop in Lebanon rather than being harvested from the wild was investigated at the production, postharvest and economic levels. Three irrigation schemes were tested on growth paramet

Atanassov, KT & Shannon, AG 2011, 'The digital root function for Fibonacci-type sequences', Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics (Kyungshang), vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 251-254.
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The base of digit roots of elements of a sequence of numbers is defined, with examples given for the Fibonacci, Lucas, Lucas-Lehmer and Euler sequences. The theory is then applied to extensions of the Pell-Padovan and Tribonacci sequences.

Attard, MRG, Chamoli, U, Ferrara, TL, Rogers, TL & Wroe, S 2011, 'Skull mechanics and implications for feeding behaviour in a large marsupial carnivore guild: the thylacine, Tasmanian devil and spotted‐tailed quoll', Journal of Zoology, vol. 285, no. 4, pp. 292-300.
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Azadeh, A, Asadzadeh, SM, Saberi, M, Nadimi, V, Tajvidi, A & Sheikalishahi, M 2011, 'A Neuro-fuzzy-stochastic frontier analysis approach for long-term natural gas consumption forecasting and behavior analysis: The cases of Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and UAE', Applied Energy, vol. 88, no. 11, pp. 3850-3859.
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Azadeh, A, Rouzbahman, M, Saberi, M & Mohammad Fam, I 2011, 'An adaptive neural network algorithm for assessment and improvement of job satisfaction with respect to HSE and ergonomics program: The case of a gas refinery', Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 361-370.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M & Anvari, M 2011, 'An Integrated Artificial Neural Network Fuzzy C-Means-Normalization Algorithm for performance assessment of decision-making units: The cases of auto industry and power plant', Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 328-340.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M & Asadzadeh, SM 2011, 'An adaptive network based fuzzy inference system–auto regression–analysis of variance algorithm for improvement of oil consumption estimation and policy making: The cases of Canada, United Kingdom, and South Korea', Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 581-593.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M & Gitiforouz, A 2011, 'An integrated simulation-based fuzzy regression-time series algorithm for electricity consumption estimation with non-stationary data', Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 1047-1066.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Anvari, M & Mohamadi, M 2011, 'An integrated artificial neural network-genetic algorithm clustering ensemble for performance assessment of decision making units', Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 229-245.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Anvari, M, Azaron, A & Mohammadi, M 2011, 'An adaptive network based fuzzy inference system–genetic algorithm clustering ensemble algorithm for performance assessment and improvement of conventional power plants', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 2224-2234.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Asadzadeh, SM & Khakestani, M 2011, 'A hybrid fuzzy mathematical programming-design of experiment framework for improvement of energy consumption estimation with small data sets and uncertainty: The cases of USA, Canada, Singapore, Pakistan and Iran', Energy, vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 6981-6992.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Moghaddam, RT & Javanmardi, L 2011, 'An integrated Data Envelopment Analysis–Artificial Neural Network–Rough Set Algorithm for assessment of personnel efficiency', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 1364-1373.
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Azadeh, A, Seraj, O & Saberi, M 2011, 'A comparative assessment of fuzzy regression models: the case of oil consumption estimation', International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 195-195.
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The objective of this study is to examine the most well-known FR approaches with respect to oil consumption estimation. Furthermore, there is no clear cut as to which approach is superior for oil consumption estimation. The economic indicators used in this paper are population, cost of crude oil, gross domestic production and annual oil production. The data for oil consumption in Canada, USA, Japan and Australia from 1990 to 2005 are considered. The input data are divided into train and test data. The FR models have been tuned for all their parameters according to the train data and the best coefficients are identified. Three popular defuzzification methods for defuzzifying outputs are applied. For determining the rate of error of FR models estimations, mean absolute percentage error is calculated. This study reveals that there is no best FR model unlike previous studies which claim to have developed the most efficient FR models. Copyright © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Azadeh, A, Seraj, O & Saberi, M 2011, 'An integrated fuzzy regression–analysis of variance algorithm for improvement of electricity consumption estimation in uncertain environments', The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 53, no. 5-8, pp. 645-660.
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Azmi, AI, Sen, D, Sheng, W, Canning, J & Peng, G-D 2011, 'Performance Enhancement of Vibration Sensing Employing Multiple Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Grating', JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 29, no. 22, pp. 3453-3460.
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Baccelli, F, Machiraju, S, Veitch, D & Bolot, J 2011, 'Probing for Loss: The Case Against Probe Trains', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 590-592.
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Badenhorst, W, Zhang, J & Xia, X 2011, 'Optimal hoist scheduling of a deep level mine twin rock winder system for demand side management', Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 81, no. 5, pp. 1088-1095.
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Bajan, S & Hutvagner, G 2011, 'Another “Loophole” in miRNA Processing', Molecular Cell, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 345-347.
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miRNAs repress the expression of numerous target genes that are involved in a variety of cellular systems, therefore the homeostatic control of miRNA biosynthesis and activity is important for mediating diverse physiological processes such as differentiation, development, immune response, and the cell cycle. Consequently, the misregulation of miRNA function is associated with several pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer. miRNA levels are controlled by the rates of transcription, processing, and turnover. This sequence of steps is subject to complex regulation via mechanisms that can either have a global effect on miRNA generation or specifically modulate the synthesis of a particular miRNA. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Suzuki et al. (2011) provide further evidence that miRNA activity is regulated by mechanisms that target posttranscriptional stages of the maturation of miRNAs by identifying MCPIP1 (monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCP)-1-induced protein 1), an endo-RNase, that cleaves the loops of multiple miRNAs, leading to their degradation.

Bandyopadhyay, S, Canning, J, Biswas, P, Stevenson, M & Dasgupta, K 2011, 'A study of regenerated gratings produced in germanosilicate fibers by high temperature annealing', OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 1198-1206.
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Barolli, L, Takizawa, M & Hussain, FK 2011, 'Special issue on emerging trends in cyber-physical systems', JOURNAL OF AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE AND HUMANIZED COMPUTING, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 249-250.
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Barua, B, Abolhasan, M & Safaei, F 2011, 'On the Symbol Error Probability of Multihop Parallel Relay Networks', IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 719-721.
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In this paper we analyze the symbol error probability (SEP) of a cooperative multihop parallel relay network in Rayleigh fading channels for M-ary Phase-shift keying (M-PSK) modulation. The general closed form expression of the SEP is derived. We present numerical results on the performance of the network.

Barua, B, Abolhasan, M, Safaei, F & Franklin, DR 2011, 'On the Error Exponent of Amplify and Forward Relay Networks', IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 1047-1049.
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In this letter we derive the exact random coding error exponent of a dual hop amplify and forward (AF) relay network with channel state information (CSI) assisted ideal relay gain. Numerical results have been presented, which provide insight about the performance tradeoff between the error exponent and the data rate of the network. Finally we present the capacity analysis of this relay network.

Beck, D, Ayers, S, Wen, J, Brandl, MB, Pham, TD, Webb, P, Chang, C-C & Zhou, X 2011, 'Integrative analysis of next generation sequencing for small non-coding RNAs and transcriptional regulation in Myelodysplastic Syndromes', BMC Medical Genomics, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1-16.
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Abstract Background Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDSS) are pre-leukemic disorders with increasing incident rates worldwide, but very limited treatment options. Little is known about small regulatory RNAs and how they contribute to pathogenesis, progression and transcriptome changes in MDS. Methods Patients' primary marrow cells were screened for short RNAs (RNA-seq) using next generation sequencing. Exon arrays from the same cells were used to profile gene expression and additional measures on 98 patients obtained. Integrative bioinformatics algorithms were proposed, and pathway and ontology analysis performed. Results In low-grade MDS, observations implied extensive post-transcriptional regulation via microRNAs (miRNA) and the recently discovered Piwi interacting RNAs (piRNA). Large expression differences were found for MDS-associated and novel miRNAs, including 48 sequences matching to miRNA star (miRNA*) motifs. The detected species were predicted to regulate disease stage specific molecular functions and pathways, including apoptosis and response to DNA damage. In high-grade MDS, results suggested extensive post-translation editing via transfer RNAs (tRNAs), providing a potential link for reduced apoptosis, a hallmark for this disease stage. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed important regulatory roles for MDS linked miRNAs and TFs, and strengthened the biological significance of miRNA*. The 'RNA polymerase II promoters' were identified as the tightest controlled biological function. We suggest their control by a miRNA dominated feedback loop, which might be linked to the dramatically different miRNA amounts seen between low and high-grade MDS.

Beydoun, G, Lopez-Lorca, AA, Garcia-Sanchez, F & Martinez-Bejar, R 2011, 'How do we measure and improve the quality of a hierarchical ontology?', JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE, vol. 84, no. 12, pp. 2363-2373.
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Beydoun, G, Low, G, Tran, N & Bogg, P 2011, 'Development of a peer-to-peer information sharing system using ontologies', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 9352-9364.
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Beyhan, B & Cetindamar, D 2011, 'No escape from the dominant theories: The analysis of intellectual pillars of technology management in developing countries', Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 103-115.
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Bjarnadottir, S, Li, Y & Stewart, MG 2011, 'A probabilistic-based framework for impact and adaptation assessment of climate change on hurricane damage risks and costs', Structural Safety, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 173-185.
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This paper presents a probabilistic-based framework to assess the potential hurricane risks to residential construction under various wind speed change scenarios due to potential climate change. Every year hurricane (cyclone) hazards cause extensive economic losses and social disruption around the world. Annual hurricane damage in the United States (US) is around $6 billion in recent years. Hurricane intensity or/and frequency may change due to the increase in sea surface temperature as a result of climate change. Implications of the changing hazard patterns on hurricane risk assessment warrants an investigation to evaluate the potential impact of climate change. The framework includes probabilistic models of hurricane occurrence and intensity and conditional damage state probabilities (vulnerability model) for typical residential construction in the US, and an assessment of the cost-effectiveness of various climate change adaptation strategies. A case study of Miami-Dade County, Florida is presented to illustrate the framework under various scenarios of change in maximum annual wind speed over 50. years. Demographic information, such as median house value and changes in house numbers, and distribution of houses on different exposure, is used to estimate the time-dependent probable damage with or without possible climate change induced change in wind speed. This study shows that climate change may have a substantial impact on the damage and loss estimation in coastal areas, and that certain adaptation strategies can cost effectively decrease the damage, even if the wind speed does not change. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Bjarnadottir, S, Li, Y & Stewart, MG 2011, 'Social vulnerability index for coastal communities at risk to hurricane hazard and a changing climate', Natural Hazards, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 1055-1075.
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This paper presents the development of the Coastal Community Social Vulnerability Index (CCSVI) in order to quantify the social vulnerability of hurricane-prone areas under various scenarios of climate change. The 2004-2005 Atlantic hurricane seasons is estimated to have caused $150 billion dollars in damages, and in recent years, the annual hurricane damage in the United States is estimated at around $6 billion. Hurricane intensity or/and frequency may change due to the increase in sea surface temperature as a result of climate change. Climate change is also predicted to cause a rise in sea levels, potentially resulting in higher storm surges. The CCSVI combines the intensity of hurricanes and hurricane-induced surge to create a comprehensive index that considers the effects of a changing climate. The main contributing factors of social vulnerability (such as race, age, gender, and socioeconomic status) in hurricane-prone areas are identified through a principal components analysis. The impact of social characteristics on the potential hurricane damage under various scenarios of climate change are evaluated using Miami-Dade County, Florida, as a case study location. This study finds that climate change may have a significant impact on the CCSVI. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Bjørnerem, Å, Ghasem-Zadeh, A, Bui, M, Wang, X, Rantzau, C, Nguyen, TV, Hopper, JL, Zebaze, R & Seeman, E 2011, 'Remodeling markers are associated with larger intracortical surface area but smaller trabecular surface area: A twin study', Bone, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 1125-1130.
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BLAMIRES, SJ 2011, 'Nutritional implications for sexual cannibalism in a sexually dimorphic orb web spider', Austral Ecology, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 389-394.
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Blamires, SJ, Chao, Y-C, Liao, C-P & Tso, I-M 2011, 'Multiple prey cues induce foraging flexibility in a trap-building predator', Animal Behaviour, vol. 81, no. 5, pp. 955-961.
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Bourouni, K, Ben M’Barek, T & Al Taee, A 2011, 'Design and optimization of desalination reverse osmosis plants driven by renewable energies using genetic algorithms', Renewable Energy, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 936-950.
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Renewable energy sources (RES) for powering desalination processes is a promising option especially in remote and arid regions where the use of conventional energy is costly or unavailable. Reverse Osmosis (RO) is one of the most suitable desalination processes to be coupled with different renewable energy sources such as solar and wind. If RES/RO systems are optimally designed, some combinations can be cost effective and reliable. However, the design of such systems is complex because of uncertain renewable energy supplies, load demands and the non-linear characteristics of some components. In such system, different scenarios can be suggested; i.e combinations of PV panels, type and number of batteries, type and number of turbines, etc. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the optimal configuration with classical techniques. The development of a tool to integrate all parameters involved and compare between the possible scenarios is very important. This paper presents a new model based on the Genetic Algorithms allowing the generation of several individuals (possible solutions) for coupling small RO unit to RES. A particular interest is focused on the hybrid systems (PV/WIND/Batteries/RO). The objective function to minimize corresponds to the total water cost (Capital cost plus Operational costs). Finally, a case study of PV/RO unit, installed since 2007 in Ksar Ghilène village in southern Tunisia, is presented.

Bremner, MJ, Jozsa, R & Shepherd, DJ 2011, 'Classical simulation of commuting quantum computations implies collapse of the polynomial hierarchy', PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES, vol. 467, no. 2126, pp. 459-472.
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We consider quantum computations comprising only commuting gates, known as IQP computations, and provide compelling evidence that the task of sampling their output probability distributions is unlikely to be achievable by any efficient classical means. More specifically, we introduce the class post-IQP of languages decided with bounded error by uniform families of IQP circuits with post-selection, and prove first that post-IQP equals the classical class PP. Using this result we show that if the output distributions of uniform IQP circuit families could be classically efficiently sampled, either exactly in total variation distance or even approximately up to 41 per cent multiplicative error in the probabilities, then the infinite tower of classical complexity classes known as the polynomial hierarchy would collapse to its third level. We mention some further results on the classical simulation properties of IQP circuit families, in particular showing that if the output distribution results from measurements on only O(log n) lines then it may, in fact, be classically efficiently sampled.

Bridge, P, Pocock, NA, Nguyen, T, Munns, C, Cowell, CT, Forwood, N & Thompson, MW 2011, 'Validation of Longitudinal DXA Changes in Body Composition From Pre- to Mid-Adolescence Using MRI as Reference', Journal of Clinical Densitometry, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 340-347.
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Budka, M & Gabrys, B 2011, 'Electrostatic field framework for supervised and semi-supervised learning from incomplete data', Natural Computing, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 921-945.
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Budka, M, Gabrys, B & Musial, K 2011, 'On Accuracy of PDF Divergence Estimators and Their Applicability to Representative Data Sampling', Entropy, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 1229-1266.
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Burdon, S & Feeny, D 2011, 'Mobilizing For Value Added Partnerships', Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 22-41.
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According to Krishnamurthy et al (2007) the building of competitive advantage from alliances via innovation with technical partners is the most challenging of the objectives sought in partnerships. Academic research in the last decade has examined the prerequisites and success factors and general agreement has been reached on the critical issues. They include, for example, the concept of relationship capital - mutual trust, mutual commitment and information exchange (Sarkar et al, 2001). However, it is not clear that this knowledge has led to improvements in the historically poor success ratio. This case explores the successful implementation of an innovation partnership, endorsing the recent work by Sturgess & Cumming (2011) on the importance of a focus on implementation. Previous academic research on such partnerships has tended to focus on manufacturing; in particular the automotive engineering and pharmaceutical sectors. Relationships were typically asymmetric with the supplier being much smaller in size and power relative to the manufacturer. The authors wanted to explore a different power and size relationship emerging from the growing needs of a number of service industries, where technology is becoming a strategic imperative for gaining competitive advantage. Organisations in the aviation, retail banking and retail communications sectors are seeking IT and telecommunication skills that will help them build competitive advantage from better services, systems and products. The most knowledgeable organisations with this technical knowledge tend to be large ones. Our case examines how Westpac, a large retail bank in Australia, went about the task of reviewing their existing commercial relationships and selected the most promising one for the objective of building a trusted value adding partnership. In the process, they identified the critical pre-requisites and developed a five stage key success model for implementation. It is hoped that the study ...

Burnham, DR & McGloin, D 2011, 'Modeling of optical traps for aerosols', Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 2856-2856.
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Byun, KY, Fleming, P, Bennett, N, Gity, F, McNally, P, Morris, M, Ferain, I & Colinge, C 2011, 'Comprehensive investigation of Ge–Si bonded interfaces using oxygen radical activation', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 12, pp. 123529-123529.
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Cajote, RD, Aramvith, S & Miyanaga, Y 2011, 'FMO-based H.264 frame layer rate control for low bit rate video transmission', EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2011, no. 1.
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Abstract The use of flexible macroblock ordering (FMO) in H.264/AVC improves error resiliency at the expense of reduced coding efficiency with added overhead bits for slice headers and signalling. The trade-off is most severe at low bit rates, where header bits occupy a significant portion of the total bit budget. To better manage the rate and improve coding efficiency, we propose enhancements to the H.264/AVC frame layer rate control, which take into consideration the effects of using FMO for video transmission. In this article, we propose a new header bits model, an enhanced frame complexity measure, a bit allocation and a quantization parameter adjustment scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed improvements achieve better visual quality compared with the JM 9.2 frame layer rate control with FMO enabled using a different number of slice groups. Using FMO as an error resilient tool with better rate management is suitable in applications that have limited bandwidth and in error prone environments such as video transmission for mobile terminals.

Canagasabey, A, Michie, A, Canning, J, Holdsworth, J, Fleming, S, Wang, H-C & Aslund, ML 2011, 'A Comparison of Delayed Self-Heterodyne Interference Measurement of Laser Linewidth Using Mach-Zehnder and Michelson Interferometers', SENSORS, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 9233-9241.
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Canning, J, Groothoff, N, Cook, K, Stevenson, M, Holdsworth, J, Lancry, M & Poumellec, B 2011, 'Grating writing in structured optical fibers', Photonic Sensors, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 199-203.
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Grating writing in structured optical fibers is reviewed. Various laser sources have been used including UV and near IR nanosecond and femtosecond lasers, each enabling different material processing regimes. The issue of scattering is modeled through simulation and compared with experiment. Good agreement has been established. © The Authors(s) 2010.

Canning, J, Lancry, M, Cook, K, Weickman, A, Brisset, F & Poumellec, B 2011, 'Anatomy of a femtosecond laser processed silica waveguide [Invited]', OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS, vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 998-1008.
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Canning, J, Lau, A, Naqshbandi, M, Petermann, I & Crossley, MJ 2011, 'Measurement of Fluorescence in a Rhodamine-123 Doped Self-Assembled 'Giant' Mesostructured Silica Sphere Using a Smartphone as Optical Hardware', SENSORS, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 7055-7062.
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Canning, J, Padden, W, Boskovic, D, Naqshbandi, M, de Bruyn, H & Crossley, MJ 2011, 'Manipulating and controlling the evanescent field within optical waveguides using high index nanolayers', OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 192-200.
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CAO, Y-J, NIU, Z-D, ZHAO, K & PENG, X-P 2011, 'Near Duplicated Web Pages Detection Based on Concept and Semantic Network', Journal of Software, vol. 22, no. 8, pp. 1816-1826.
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Reprinting websites and blogs produces a great deal redundant Web Pages. To improve search efficiency and user satisfaction, the near-Duplicate Web Pages Detection based on Concept and Semantic network (DWDCS) is proposed. In the course of developing a near-duplicate detection system for a multi-billion pages repository, this paper makes two research contributions. First, the key concept is extracted, instead of the key phrase, to build Small Word Network (SWN). This not only reduces the complexity of the semantic network, but also resolves the “expression difference” problem. Second, this paper considers both syntactic and semantic information to present and compute the documents’ similarities. In a large-scale test, experimental results demonstrate that this approach outperforms that of both I-Match and key phrase extraction algorithms based on SWN. Many advantages such as linear time and space complexity, without using a corpus, make the algorithm valuable in actual practice.

Castel, A & François, R 2011, 'Modeling of steel and concrete strains between primary cracks for the prediction of cover-controlled cracking in RC-beams', Engineering Structures, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 3668-3675.
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Castel, A, Coronelli, D, François, R & Cleland, D 2011, 'Modelling the Stiffness Reduction of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Beams after Cracking', MODELLING OF CORRODING CONCRETE STRUCTURES, vol. 5, pp. 219-230.
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Castel, A, Coronelli, D, Vu, NA & François, R 2011, 'Structural Response of Corroded, Unbonded Posttensioned Beams', Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 137, no. 7, pp. 761-771.
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Catchpoole, D, Mackie, N, McIver, S, Chetcuti, A, Henwood, A, Graf, N & Arbuckle, S 2011, 'Tape transfer sectioning of tissue microarrays introduces nonspecific immunohistochemical staining artifacts', Biotechnic & Histochemistry, vol. 86, no. 6, pp. 421-428.
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Tissue microarrays place tens to hundreds of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue cores into a paraffin block in a systematic grid pattern that permits their simultaneous evaluation in a single section. The fragmented nature of the tissue cores often makes sectioning of tissue microarrays difficult so that the resulting disks of tissue lose their shape, fracture or fall out of the paraffin section altogether. We have evaluated an alternative sectioning protocol for stabilizing the tissue microarray surface by placing an adhesive tape "window" over the face of the paraffin block prior to sectioning. Once sectioned, the tape/sections are transferred directly onto coated microscope slides, thereby avoiding routine floating of sections on a water bath. After sectioning with either the tape transfer or standard protocols, slides were stained either using hematoxylin and eosin or immunohistochemistry using antibodies to S-100 protein and the tissue specific antigens, keratin (AE1/3) and the leukocyte common antigen CD45. We found that the tape method produced thicker sections that were darker and more densely packed with loss of tissue definition compared to sections prepared using water bath flotation. Quantitative image analysis of immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the tape method produced a higher incidence of nonspecific staining, which raised the potential for false positive staining. © 2011 The Biological Stain Commission.

Catley, C, Smith, K, McGregor, C, James, A & Eklund, JM 2011, 'A Framework for Multidimensional Real-Time Data Analysis', International Journal of Computational Models and Algorithms in Medicine, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 16-37.
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In this paper, the authors present a framework to support multidimensional analysis of real-time physiological data streams and clinical data. The clinical context for the case study demonstration is neonatal intensive care, focusing specifically on the detection of episodes of central apnoea, a clinically significant problem. The model accounts for the multidimensional and real-time nature of apnoea of prematurity and the associated clinical rules. The framework demonstration includes: 1) defining rules that quantify concurrent behaviours between multiple synchronous data streams and asynchronous data values; 2) designing UML models to define present practice event processing for episodes of apnoea; 3) translating the model in SPADE to enable the deployment within the real-time processing layer of the Artemis platform, which utilizes IBM’s InfoSphere Streams; 4) demonstrating knowledge discovery with simple and complex temporal abstractions of the data streams; and 5) presenting results for early detection of episodes of apnoea across multiple physiological data streams.

Center, JR, Bliuc, D, Nguyen, ND, Nguyen, TV & Eisman, JA 2011, 'Osteoporosis Medication and Reduced Mortality Risk in Elderly Women and Men', The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 96, no. 4, pp. 1006-1014.
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Abstract Context: Osteoporotic fractures are associated with premature mortality. Antiresorptive treatment reduces refracture but mortality reduction is unclear. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the effect of osteoporosis treatment [bisphosphonates (BP), hormone therapy (HT), and calcium ± vitamin D only (CaD)] on mortality risk. Design: This was a prospective cohort study (April 1989 to May 2007). Setting: The study was conducted with community-dwelling elderly (aged 60+ yr) subjects in Dubbo, a semiurban city, Australia. Subjects: Subjects included 1223 and 819 women and men in the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study. Main Outcome Measure: Mortality according to treatment group was recorded. Results: There were 325 (BP, n = 106; HT, n = 77; CaD, n = 142) women and 37 men (BP, n = 15; CaD, n = 22) on treatment. In women, mortality rates were lower with BP 0.8/100 person-years (0.4, 1.4) and HT 1.2/100 person-years (0.7, 2.1) but not CaD 3.2/100 person-years (2.5, 4.1) vs. no treatment 3.5/100 person-years (3.1, 3.8). Accounting for age, fracture occurr...

Cerezo-Guisado, MI, Reino, PD, Remy, G, Kuma, Y, Arthur, JSC, Gallego-Ortega, D & Cuenda, A 2011, 'Evidence of p38γ and p38δ involvement in cell transformation processes', Carcinogenesis, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 1093-1099.
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Cetindamar, D & Pala, O 2011, 'Chief technology officer roles and performance.', Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manag., vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 1031-1046.
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Chaczko, Z & Kale, A 2011, 'Automated Tablet Quality Assurance and Identification for Hospital Pharmacies', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 153-158.
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Automated Tablet Quality Assurance and Identification for Hospital PharmaciesThe tablet quality checking and identification in hospital pharmacies is done manually and does not use any automated solution. Manual sorting and handling makes this activity laborious and error-prone. This paper describes a low cost solution that is characterised by a small size of the infrastructure involved. Discussed are design and implementation details of Tablet Inspection System based on Machine Vision. The described process uses a dedicated sequence of operation to perform dispensing, scanning and sorting using mini factory setup. Machine Vision System uses a novel Genetic Evolution algorithm. The algorithm provides robust and scalable output. Due to its versatile nature and easy shape recognition ability the approach can be easily adapted to a large variety of medical tablets. The proposed solution attempts to follow the concept of single objective with multiple optima in GA that is designed to scan multiple number of tablets in one cycle of operation.

Chaczko, Z & Resconi, G 2011, 'Reasoning by SVD and Morphotronic Network', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 145-152.
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The immune system of the vertebrates possess the capabilities of 'intelligent' information processing, which include memory, the ability to learn, to recognize, and to make decisions with respect to unknown situations. The mathematical formalization of t

Chamoli, U & Wroe, S 2011, 'Allometry in the distribution of material properties and geometry of the felid skull: Why larger species may need to change and how they may achieve it', Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol. 283, no. 1, pp. 217-226.
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Chan, KY, Ling, SH, Dillon, TS & Nguyen, HT 2011, 'Diagnosis of hypoglycemic episodes using a neural network based rule discovery system', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 9799-9808.
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Hypoglycemia or low blood glucose is dangerous and can result in unconsciousness, seizures and even death for Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Based on the T1DM patients' physiological parameters, corrected QT interval of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, change of heart rate, and the change of corrected QT interval, we have developed a neural network based rule discovery system with hybridizing the approaches of neural networks and genetic algorithm to identify the presences of hypoglycemic episodes for TIDM patients. The proposed neural network based rule discovery system is built and is validated by using the real T1DM patients' data sets collected from Department of Health, Government of Western Australia. Experimental results show that the proposed neural network based rule discovery system can achieve more accurate results on both trained and unseen T1DM patients' data sets compared with those developed based on the commonly used classification methods for medical diagnosis, statistical regression, fuzzy regression and genetic programming. Apart from the achievement of these better results, the proposed neural network based rule discovery system can provide explicit information in the form of production rules which compensate for the deficiency of traditional neural network method which do not provide a clear understanding of how they work in prediction as they are in an implicit black-box structure. This explicit information provided by the product rules can convince medical doctors to use the neural networks to perform diagnosis of hypoglycemia on T1DM patients.

Chanan, AP, Ghetti, IB & Kandasamy, JK 2011, 'Challenges of managing coastal areas through climate change', PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-MUNICIPAL ENGINEER, vol. 164, no. 2, pp. 83-88.
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In Australia the strongest natural fluctuation of climate from year to year is the El Niño southern oscillation. La Niña years are associated with an increased probability of wetter and cooler conditions, whereas El Niño years are drier and hotter then normal. For an urbanised coastal council such as Kogarah there are a number of impacts associated with climate change. For instance, the risk of flooding may be increased due to more intense rainfalls coupled with rising sea levels. Coastal councils may also experience increased coastal flooding and erosion due to increased storm surges and rising sea levels. Water restrictions are already in place due to severe droughts, and it is predicted that councils will have limited water supply available for the irrigation needed to provide parks and well-maintained sporting facilities for the community. Given that the science of climate change is not an exact science there are obvious technical and sociopolitical challenges to be addressed. This paper shares Kogarah Council's experiences in dealing with these challenges and provides a snapshot of programmes currently being implemented in response to climate change. By investing in proactive measure to reduce risk and vulnerability it is possible to build resilience to climate change.

Chanan, AP, Kandasamy, J & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Role of case study research in training the renaissance water engineer', Global Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 110-116.
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Contemporary water management challenges around Australia highlight water engineers' inability to understand the community's needs. Developing new technologies is not enough. Implementation of these technologies can only take place if the engineers understand the motives and desires of people that are related to the new technology and the effects on the community as a whole. Renaissance water engineers who are able to go beyond their own technical specialty and understand the broader implications of the technological solutions they develop, are needed to solve Australia's water problems. Our ability to produce such engineers depends on our ability to first prepare renaissance engineering academics within our higher education institutions. It is, therefore, imperative to re-examine current practices in engineering PhDs. The engineering discipline is urged to embrace the case study research approach as a vital means of training renaissance water engineers. © WIETE 2011.

Chanan, AP, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Simmons, B 2011, 'Lessons for a viable water recycling industry', PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-WATER MANAGEMENT, vol. 164, no. 5, pp. 213-219.
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The platform on which the labour government came to power in Australia in November 2007 included a policy of setting a national wastewater recycling target of 30% by the year 2015. A similar target-based approach was followed by the solid waste recycling industry in Australia the policy of which focused on supply and did not adequately acknowledge the price competitiveness of the product and its demand. This paper highlights the lessons from the solid waste recycling industry and applies them to the water recycling sector. A sound water pricing regime that reflects the true costs of water and a competitive water industry is offered as a better policy alternative to setting recycling targets.

Chang, C-Y, Tanong, K, Chiemchaisri, C & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Feasibility study of a cyclic anoxic/aerobic two-stage MBR for treating ABS resin manufacturing wastewater', Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5325-5330.
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This study investigated the feasibility and the treatment efficiency of a cyclic anoxic/aerobic two-stage MBR for treating polymeric industrial wastewater. The anoxic/aerobic hybrid MBR was operated without sludge withdrawal except sampling during the st

Chang, C-Y, Tanong, K, Xu, J & Shon, H 2011, 'Microbial community analysis of an aerobic nitrifying-denitrifying MBR treating ABS resin wastewater', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5337-5344.
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A two-stage aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) system for treating acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin wastewater was carried out in this study to evaluate the system performance on nitrification. The results showed that nitrification of the aerobic MBR system was significant and the highest TKN removal of approximately 90% was obtained at hydraulic retention time (HRT) 18 h. In addition, the result of nitrogen mass balance revealed that the percentage of TN removal due to denitrification was in the range of 8.7â19.8%. Microbial community analysis based on 16s rDNA molecular approach indicated that the dominant ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) group in the system was a b-class ammonia oxidizer which was identified as uncultured sludge bacterium (AF234732). A heterotrophic aerobic denitrifier identified as Thauera mechernichensis was found in the system. The results indicated that a sole aerobic MBR system for simultaneous removals of carbon and nitrogen can be designed and operated for neglect with an anaerobic unit.

Chao, PC-P, Liao, P-Y, Tsai, M-Y & Lin, C-T 2011, 'Robust control design for precision positioning of a generic piezoelectric system with consideration of microscopic hysteresis effects', Microsystem Technologies, vol. 17, no. 5-7, pp. 1009-1023.
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Chen, C, Yang, Y, Nie, F & Odobez, J-M 2011, '3D human pose recovery from image by efficient visual feature selection', Computer Vision and Image Understanding, vol. 115, no. 3, pp. 290-299.
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Chen, C, Zhuang, Y, Nie, F, Yang, Y, Wu, F & Xiao, J 2011, 'Learning a 3D Human Pose Distance Metric from Geometric Pose Descriptor', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS, vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 1676-1689.
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Chen, J, Chen, X, Duan, R, Ji, Z & Zeng, B 2011, 'No-go theorem for one-way quantum computing on naturally occurring two-level systems', Physical Review A, vol. 83, no. 5, pp. 0-0.
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The ground states of some many-body quantum systems can serve as resource states for the one-way quantum computing model, achieving the full power of quantum computation. Such resource states are found, for example, in spin- 5 2 and spin- 3 2 systems. It is, of course, desirable to have a natural resource state in a spin- 1 2 , that is, qubit system. Here, we give a negative answer to this question for frustration-free systems with two-body interactions. In fact, it is shown to be impossible for any genuinely entangled qubit state to be a nondegenerate ground state of any two-body frustration-free Hamiltonian. What is more, we also prove that every spin- 1 2 frustration-free Hamiltonian with two-body interaction always has a ground state that is a product of single- or two-qubit states. In other words, there cannot be any interesting entanglement features in the ground state of such a qubit Hamiltonian.

Chen, J, Ji, Z, Klyachko, A, Kribs, DW & Zeng, B 2011, 'Rank Reduction for the Local Consistency Problem', JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS, vol. 53, no. 2.
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We address the problem of how simple a solution can be for a given quantum local consistency instance. More specifically, we investigate how small the rank of the global density operator can be if the local constraints are known to be compatible. We prove that any compatible local density operators can be satisfied by a low rank global density operator. Then we study both fermionic and bosonic versions of the N-representability problem as applications. After applying the channel-state duality, we prove that any compatible local channels can be obtained through a global quantum channel with small Kraus rank.

Chen, J, Ji, Z, Kribs, D, Wei, Z & Zeng, B 2011, 'Ground-State Spaces of Frustration-Free Hamiltonians', JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS, vol. 53, no. 10.
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We study the ground-state space properties for frustration-free Hamiltonians. We introduce a concept of `reduced spaces' to characterize local structures of ground-state spaces. For a many-body system, we characterize mathematical structures for the set $\Theta_k$ of all the $k$-particle reduced spaces, which with a binary operation called join forms a semilattice that can be interpreted as an abstract convex structure. The smallest nonzero elements in $\Theta_k$, called atoms, are analogs of extreme points. We study the properties of atoms in $\Theta_k$ and discuss its relationship with ground states of $k$-local frustration-free Hamiltonians. For spin-1/2 systems, we show that all the atoms in $\Theta_2$ are unique ground states of some 2-local frustration-free Hamiltonians. Moreover, we show that the elements in $\Theta_k$ may not be the join of atoms, indicating a richer structure for $\Theta_k$ beyond the convex structure. Our study of $\Theta_k$ deepens the understanding of ground-state space properties for frustration-free Hamiltonians, from a new angle of reduced spaces.

Chen, J, Ji, Z, Wei, Z & Zeng, B 2011, 'Correlations in excited states of local Hamiltonians', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 85, no. 4.
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Physical properties of the ground and excited states of a $k$-local Hamiltonian are largely determined by the $k$-particle reduced density matrices ($k$-RDMs), or simply the $k$-matrix for fermionic systems---they are at least enough for the calculation of the ground state and excited state energies. Moreover, for a non-degenerate ground state of a $k$-local Hamiltonian, even the state itself is completely determined by its $k$-RDMs, and therefore contains no genuine ${>}k$-particle correlations, as they can be inferred from $k$-particle correlation functions. It is natural to ask whether a similar result holds for non-degenerate excited states. In fact, for fermionic systems, it has been conjectured that any non-degenerate excited state of a 2-local Hamiltonian is simultaneously a unique ground state of another 2-local Hamiltonian, hence is uniquely determined by its 2-matrix. And a weaker version of this conjecture states that any non-degenerate excited state of a 2-local Hamiltonian is uniquely determined by its 2-matrix among all the pure $n$-particle states. We construct explicit counterexamples to show that both conjectures are false. It means that correlations in excited states of local Hamiltonians could be dramatically different from those in ground states. We further show that any non-degenerate excited state of a $k$-local Hamiltonian is a unique ground state of another $2k$-local Hamiltonian, hence is uniquely determined by its $2k$-RDMs (or $2k$-matrix).

Chen, J, Ji, Z, Zeng, B & Zhou, DL 2011, 'From Ground States to Local Hamiltonians', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 86, no. 2.
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Traditional quantum physics solves ground states for a given Hamiltonian, while quantum information science asks for the existence and construction of certain Hamiltonians for given ground states. In practical situations, one would be mainly interested in local Hamiltonians with certain interaction patterns, such as nearest neighbour interactions on some type of lattices. A necessary condition for a space $V$ to be the ground-state space of some local Hamiltonian with a given interaction pattern, is that the maximally mixed state supported on $V$ is uniquely determined by its reduced density matrices associated with the given pattern, based on the principle of maximum entropy. However, it is unclear whether this condition is in general also sufficient. We examine the situations for the existence of such a local Hamiltonian to have $V$ satisfying the necessary condition mentioned above as its ground-state space, by linking to faces of the convex body of the local reduced states. We further discuss some methods for constructing the corresponding local Hamiltonians with given interaction patterns, mainly from physical points of view, including constructions related to perturbation methods, local frustration-free Hamiltonians, as well as thermodynamical ensembles.

Chen, P-Y, Van, L-D, Khoo, I-H, Reddy, HC & Lin, C-T 2011, 'Power-Efficient and Cost-Effective 2-D Symmetry Filter Architectures', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 112-125.
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Chen, S-W, Lin, S-H, Liao, L-D, Lai, H-Y, Pei, Y-C, Kuo, T-S, Lin, C-T, Chang, J-Y, Chen, Y-Y, Lo, Y-C, Chen, S-Y, Wu, R & Tsang, S 2011, 'Quantification and recognition of parkinsonian gait from monocular video imaging using kernel-based principal component analysis', BioMedical Engineering OnLine, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 99-99.
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Chen, T, Chen, R, Jewart, C, Zhang, B, Cook, K, Canning, J & Chen, KP 2011, 'Regenerated gratings in air-hole microstructured fibers for high-temperature pressure sensing', OPTICS LETTERS, vol. 36, no. 18, pp. 3542-3544.
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We present thermally regenerated fiber Bragg gratings in air-hole microstructured fibers for high-temperature, hydrostatic pressure measurements. High-temperature stable gratings were regenerated during an 800 °C annealing process from hydrogen-loaded Type I seed gratings. The wavelength shifts and separation of grating peaks were studied as functions of external hydrostatic pressure from 15 to 2400 psi, and temperature from 24 °C to 800 °C. This Letter demonstrates a multiplexible pressure and temperature sensor technology for high-temperature environments using a single optical fiber feedthrough.

Chen, Z, Ngo, H, Guo, W, Wang, XC & Luo, L 2011, 'Probabilistic Assessment of Recycled Water Schemes in Australia Using MATLAB Toolbox', Journal of Water Sustainability, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 333-344.
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Hundreds of recycled water schemes have been successfully established in Australia. However, water quality and risks on human health and the environment associated with particular end uses (e.g. irrigation, industrial uses, non-potable urban uses, groundwater recharges, indirect and direct potable reuses) are still of great concern which can limit the application and extension of recycled water. This study analyses representative recycled water schemes in Australia with regard to the sources and corresponding risks of recycled water, risk assessment approaches as well as practical risk control methods towards various end uses. To quantify the risks, this study proposes a probabilistic assessment approach for existing and future water recycling schemes. With the assistance of MATLAB toolbox, the model was able to fit observed data to probability distribution functions (PDFs) and express the percent removal in PDF rather than point values. This approach could be helpful in quantifying risk or percent removal of potential hazards which involve a degree of variability and randomness. The analytical results, when couple with other environmental assessment tools are convinced to be useful for integrated water planning and management in Australia.

Cheng, J, Qiao, M, Bian, W & Tao, D 2011, '3D human posture segmentation by spectral clustering with surface normal constraint.', Signal Process., vol. 91, no. 9, pp. 2204-2212.
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In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for partitioning human posture represented by 3D point clouds sampled from the surface of human body. The algorithm is formed as a constrained extension of the recently developed segmentation method, spectral clu

Cheng, S, Ji, JC & Zhou, J 2011, 'Infinite-time and finite-time synchronization of coupled harmonic oscillators', PHYSICA SCRIPTA, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 1-8.
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This paper studies the infinite-time and finite-time synchronization of coupled harmonic oscillators with distributed protocol in the scenarios with and without a leader. In the absence of a leader, the convergence conditions and the final trajectories that each harmonic oscillator follows are developed. In the presence of a leader, it is shown that all harmonic oscillators can achieve the trajectory of the leader in finite time. Numerical simulations of six coupled harmonic oscillators are given to show the effects of the interaction function parameter, algebraic connectivity and initial conditions on the convergence time.

Chetcuti, A, Aktas, S, Mackie, N, Ulger, C, Toruner, G, Alkan, M & Catchpoole, D 2011, 'Expression profiling reveals MSX1 and EphB2 expression correlates with the invasion capacity of Wilms tumors', Pediatric Blood & Cancer, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 950-957.
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Background: Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric renal malignancy, but the parameters that are important to its invasion capacity are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify new proteins associated with the invasion capacity of Wilms tumor. Procedure: Gene expression profiles for 15 primary Wilms tumor samples were determined by Affymetrix Genechip® Human Genome Ul33A microarray analysis. The gene expression profiles for selected genes was further confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 25 Wilms tumor cases to confirm expression for Bcl2A1, EphB2, MSX1, and RIN1. Results: Using microarray analysis 14 genes showed differential expression (P<0.05) comparing stage 1 non-invasive Wilms tumor to stages 2-4 invasive Wilms tumor. The differential expression for Bcl2A1, EphB2, MSX1, and RIN1 was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. MSX1 protein was statistically significantly lower in stages 2-4 invasive Wilms tumor cases compared to stage 1 non-invasive cases (P=0.013). EphB2 protein was higher in stages 2-4 Wilms tumor cases compared to stage 1 cases (P=0.006). There was no statistically significant difference between stages 1 and 2-4 Wilms tumor for Bcl2A1 (P=0.230) or RIN1 (P=0.969) at the protein level. Conclusion: Our results indicate that MSX1 may be associated with the invasion capacity of Wilms tumors. RIN1 is a downstream effector of RAS and Bcl2A1 functions as an anti-apoptotic protein. EphB2 is an ephrin receptor and is up-regulated in invasive tumors but its role needs to be confirmed in further cases of Wilms tumors. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Chiemchaisri, W, Chiemchaisri, C, Dumrongsukit, C, Threedeach, S, Ngo, HH & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Removal of water-borne microorganisms in floating media filter-microfiltration system for water treatment', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5438-5443.
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Floating plastic media pre-filter (PP) in combination with microfiltration membrane (MF) was applied to the removal of water-borne microorganism from surface water. The system was operated with and with-out coagulant addition. Jar-test results suggested

Chin-Teng Lin, Lun-De Liao, Yu-Hang Liu, I-Jan Wang, Bor-Shyh Lin & Jyh-Yeong Chang 2011, 'Novel Dry Polymer Foam Electrodes for Long-Term EEG Measurement', IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 1200-1207.
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Chiu, C & Chaczko, Z 2011, 'Deployment of an Agent-based SANET Architecture for Healthcare Services', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 309-315.
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Deployment of an Agent-based SANET Architecture for Healthcare ServicesThis paper describes the adaptation of a computational technique utilizing Extended Kohonen Maps (EKMs) and Rao-Blackwell-Kolmogorov (R-B) Filtering mechanisms for the administration of Sensor-Actuator networks (SANETs). Inspired by the BDI (Belief-Desire-Intention) Agent model from Rao and Georgeff, EKMs perform the quantitative analysis of an algorithmic artificial neural network process by using an indirect-mapping EKM to self-organize, while the Rao-Blackwell filtering mechanism reduces the external noise and interference in the problem set introduced through the self-organization process. Initial results demonstrate that a combinatorial approach to optimization with EKMs and Rao-Blackwell filtering provides an improvement in event trajectory approximation in comparison to standalone cooperative EKM processes to allow responsive event detection and optimization in patient healthcare.

Chiu, T-T, Young, K-Y, Hsu, S-H, Lin, C-L, Lin, C-T, Yang, B-S & Huang, Z-R 2011, 'A Study of Fitts' Law on Goal-Directed Aiming Task with Moving Targets', Perceptual and Motor Skills, vol. 113, no. 1, pp. 339-352.
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Most research based on Fitts' law define a log-linear relationship between temporal and spatial accuracy in goal-directed aiming tasks using stationary targets. Whether this relationship holds or not when the targets have varying velocities, and how the behavioral strategies and physical activities may change accordingly are of interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between temporal and spatial accuracy in goal-directed aiming tasks with moving targets. Participants were asked to aim at two target widths using a joystick. Results demonstrated that in a goal-directed aiming task there was a negative effect on performance when target velocity was increased or target width was decreased. Participants moved faster and then made more systematic errors in a high-velocity target condition. Results may be applicable to the complex perceptual-motor behavior of people who perform tasks using computers.

Chong, WT, Naghavi, MS, Poh, SC, Mahlia, TMI & Pan, KC 2011, 'Techno-economic analysis of a wind–solar hybrid renewable energy system with rainwater collection feature for urban high-rise application', Applied Energy, vol. 88, no. 11, pp. 4067-4077.
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Chou, J, Ben‐Nissan, B, Green, DW, Valenzuela, SM & Kohan, L 2011, 'Targeting and Dissolution Characteristics of Bone Forming and Antibacterial Drugs by Harnessing the Structure of Microspherical Shells from Coral Beach Sand', Advanced Engineering Materials, vol. 13, no. 1-2, pp. 93-99.
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Pharmaceutical drugs for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases lead to a number of side effects due to the their uncontrollable dispersion throughout the body.([1]) Therefore, many groups directed their research to develop devices that are targeted to

Choudhary, N, Bagga, R, Raveendran, A, Saha, SC & Dhaliwal, LK 2011, 'Second trimester abortion in women with and without previous uterine scar: Eleven years experience from a developing country', The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 378-386.
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Clifton-Bligh, RJ, Nguyen, TV, Au, A, Bullock, M, Cameron, I, Cumming, R, Chen, JS, March, LM, Seibel, MJ & Sambrook, PN 2011, 'Contribution of a Common Variant in the Promoter of the 1-α-Hydroxylase Gene (CYP27B1) to Fracture Risk in the Elderly', Calcified Tissue International, vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 109-116.
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Abstract CYP27B1 encodes mitochondrial 1a-hydroxylase, which converts 25-hydroxyvitamin D to its active 1,25- dihydroxylated metabolite. We tested the hypothesis that common variants in the CYP27B1 promoter are associated with fracture risk. The study was designed as a populationbased genetic association study, which involved 153 men and 596 women aged 65101 years, who had been followed for 2.2 years (range 0.15.5) between 1999 and 2006. During the follow-up period, the incidence of fragility fractures was ascertained. Bone ultrasound attenuation (BUA) was measured in all individuals, as were serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and PTH concentrations; 86% subjects had vitamin D insufficiency. Genotypes were determined for the 1260C[A (rs10877012) and ?2838T[C (rs4646536) CYP27B1 polymorphisms.Areporter gene assay was used to assess functional expression of the 1260C[A CYP27B1 variants. The association between genotypes and fracture risk was analyzed by Coxs proportional hazards model. We found that genotypic distribution of CYP27B1 1260 and CYP27B1 ?2838 polymorphisms was consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law. The two polymorphisms were in high linkage disequilibrium, with D0 = 0.96 and r2 = 0.94. Each C allele of the CYP27B1 1260 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of fracture (hazard ratio = 1.34, 95% CI 1.031.73), after adjustment for age, sex, number of falls, and BUA. In transient transfection studies, a reporter gene downstream of the 1260(A)-containing promoter was more highly expressed than that containing the C allele. These data suggest that a common but functional variation within the CYP27B1 promoter gene is associated with fracture risk in the elderly. Keywords Vitamin D 1a-Hydroxylase CYP27B1

Conneely, M, Rolfsnes, HO, Main, C, McGloin, D & Campbell, PA 2011, 'On the accuracy of framing-rate measurements in ultra-high speed rotating mirror cameras', Optics Express, vol. 19, no. 17, pp. 16432-16432.
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Cunha, I, Teixeira, R, Veitch, D & Diot, C 2011, 'Predicting and tracking internet path changes', ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 122-133.
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This paper investigates to what extent it is possible to use traceroute-style probing for accurately tracking Internet path changes. When the number of paths is large, the usual traceroute based approach misses many path changes because it probes all paths equally. Based on empirical observations, we argue that monitors can optimize probing according to the likelihood of path changes. We design a simple predictor of path changes using a nearest neighbor model. Although predicting path changes is not very accurate, we show that it can be used to improve probe targeting. Our path tracking method, called DTrack, detects up to two times more path changes than traditional probing, with lower detection delay, as well as providing complete load-balancer information.

Datta, N & Hsieh, M-H 2011, 'One-shot entanglement-assisted quantum and classical communication', IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 3-1939.
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We study entanglement-assisted quantum and classical communication over a single use of a quantum channel, which itself can correspond to a finite number of uses of a channel with arbitrarily correlated noise. We obtain characterizations of the corresponding one-shot capacities by establishing upper and lower bounds on them in terms of the difference of two smoothed entropic quantities. In the case of a memoryless channel, the upper and lower bounds converge to the known single-letter formulas for the corresponding capacities, in the limit of asymptotically many uses of it. Our results imply that the difference of two smoothed entropic quantities characterizing the one-shot entanglement-assisted capacities serves as a one-shot analogue of the mutual information, since it reduces to the mutual information, between the output of the channel and a system purifying its input, in the asymptotic, memoryless scenario.

Datta, N & Hsieh, M-H 2011, 'The apex of the family tree of protocols: Optimal rates and resource inequalities', New J. Phys., vol. 13, p. 093042.
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We establish bounds on the maximum entanglement gain and minimum quantum communication cost of the Fully Quantum Slepian-Wolf protocol in the one-shot regime, which is considered to be at the apex of the existing family tree in Quantum Information Theory. These quantities, which are expressed in terms of smooth min- and max-entropies, reduce to the known rates of quantum communication cost and entanglement gain in the asymptotic i.i.d. scenario. We also provide an explicit proof of the optimality of these asymptotic rates. We introduce a resource inequality for the one-shot FQSW protocol, which in conjunction with our results, yields achievable one-shot rates of its children protocols. In particular, it yields bounds on the one-shot quantum capacity of a noisy channel in terms of a single entropic quantity, unlike previously bounds. We also obtain an explicit expression for the achievable rate for one-shot state redistribution.

Datta, N, Hsieh, M-H & Wilde, MM 2011, 'Quantum rate distortion, reverse Shannon theorems, and source-channel separation', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 615-630 (January 2013), vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 615-630.
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We derive quantum counterparts of two key theorems of classical information theory, namely, the rate distortion theorem and the source-channel separation theorem. The rate-distortion theorem gives the ultimate limits on lossy data compression, and the source-channel separation theorem implies that a two-stage protocol consisting of compression and channel coding is optimal for transmitting a memoryless source over a memoryless channel. In spite of their importance in the classical domain, there has been surprisingly little work in these areas for quantum information theory. In the present paper, we prove that the quantum rate distortion function is given in terms of the regularized entanglement of purification. We also determine a single-letter expression for the entanglement-assisted quantum rate distortion function, and we prove that it serves as a lower bound on the unassisted quantum rate distortion function. This implies that the unassisted quantum rate distortion function is non-negative and generally not equal to the coherent information between the source and distorted output (in spite of Barnum's conjecture that the coherent information would be relevant here). Moreover, we prove several quantum source-channel separation theorems. The strongest of these are in the entanglement-assisted setting, in which we establish a necessary and sufficient codition for transmitting a memoryless source over a memoryless quantum channel up to a given distortion.

Datta, N, Mosonyi, M, Hsieh, M-H & Brandao, FGSL 2011, 'A smooth entropy approach to quantum hypothesis testing and the classical capacity of quantum channels', IEEE Trans. Inf. Theo., vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 8014-8026.
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We use the smooth entropy approach to treat the problems of binary quantum hypothesis testing and the transmission of classical information through a quantum channel. We provide lower and upper bounds on the optimal type II error of quantum hypothesis testing in terms of the smooth max-relative entropy of the two states representing the two hypotheses. Using then a relative entropy version of the Quantum Asymptotic Equipartition Property (QAEP), we can recover the strong converse rate of the i.i.d. hypothesis testing problem in the asymptotics. On the other hand, combining Stein's lemma with our bounds, we obtain a stronger ($\ep$-independent) version of the relative entropy-QAEP. Similarly, we provide bounds on the one-shot $\ep$-error classical capacity of a quantum channel in terms of a smooth max-relative entropy variant of its Holevo capacity. Using these bounds and the $\ep$-independent version of the relative entropy-QAEP, we can recover both the Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland theorem about the optimal direct rate of a memoryless quantum channel with product state encoding, as well as its strong converse counterpart.

Dehestani, D, Eftekhari, F, Guo, Y, Ling, S, Su, S & Nguyen, H 2011, 'Online Support Vector Machine Applicationfor Model Based Fault Detection and Isolationof HVAC System', International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 66-72.
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Abstract—Preventive maintenance plays an important role in Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. One cost effective strategy is the development of analytic fault detection and isolation (FDI) module by online monitoring the key variables of HAVC systems. This paper investigates realtime FDI for HAVC system by using online Support Vector Machine (SVM), by which we are able to train a FDI system with manageable complexity under real time working conditions. It is also proposed a new approach which allows us to detect unknown faults and updating the classifier by using these previously unknown faults. Based on the proposed approach, a semi unsupervised fault detection methodology has been developed for HVAC systems

Deng, W, Jin, D, Drozdowicz-Tomsia, K, Yuan, J, Wu, J & Goldys, EM 2011, 'Ultrabright Eu-Doped Plasmonic Ag@SiO2 Nanostructures: Time-gated Bioprobes with Single Particle Sensitivity and Negligible Background', Advanced Materials, vol. 23, no. 40, pp. 4649-4654.
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Deng, W, Sudheendra, L, Zhao, J, Fu, J, Jin, D, Kennedy, IM & Goldys, EM 2011, 'Upconversion in NaYF₄:Yb, Er nanoparticles amplified by metal nanostructures', Nanotechnology, vol. 22, no. 32, pp. 325604-325604.
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Devitt, SJ, Stephens, AM, Munro, WJ & Nemoto, K 2011, 'Integration of highly probabilistic sources into optical quantum architectures: perpetual quantum computation', New J. Phys. 13: 095001 (2011), vol. 13.
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In this paper we introduce a design for an optical topological cluster state computer constructed exclusively from a single quantum component. Unlike previous efforts we eliminate the need for on demand, high fidelity photon sources and detectors and replace them with the same device utilised to create photon/photon entanglement. This introduces highly probabilistic elements into the optical architecture while maintaining complete specificity of the structure and operation for a large scale computer. Photons in this system are continually recycled back into the preparation network, allowing for a arbitrarily deep 3D cluster to be prepared using a comparatively small number of photonic qubits and consequently the elimination of high frequency, deterministic photon sources.

Dong, H & Hussain, FK 2011, 'Focused Crawling for Automatic Service Discovery, Annotation, and Classification in Industrial Digital Ecosystems', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 2106-2116.
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Digital Ecosystems make use of Service Factories for service entities' publishing, classification, and management. However, before the emergence of Digital Ecosystems, there existed ubiquitous and heterogeneous service information in the Business Ecosyst

Dong, H & Hussain, FK 2011, 'Semantic service matchmaking for Digital Health Ecosystems', KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 761-774.
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The vision of Digital Ecosystems was initiated by the European Commission, with the purpose of constructing an information and communication technology environment to facilitate the sustainable development of small and medium enterprises. As a key sub-domain of Digital Ecosystems, Digital Health Ecosystems provide crucial services to maintain the health of the main participants of Digital Ecosystems. We are concerned with the large-scale, ambiguous, heterogeneous, and untrustworthy nature of health service information in Digital Health Ecosystems. An intensive survey found that current research cannot support accurate and trustworthy matchmaking between health service requests and health service advertisements in Digital Health Ecosystems. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a framework for a semantic service matchmaker that takes into account the ambiguous, heterogeneous nature of service information in Digital Health Ecosystems. This framework is designed to make four major contributions, which are health service domain knowledge modeling, online health service information disambiguation, health service query disambiguation and health service quality evaluation and ranking. In order to thoroughly evaluate this framework, we implement a prototype - a Semantic Health Service Search Engine, and conduct a series of experiments on the prototype using a functional testing and simulation approach

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2011, 'A context-aware semantic similarity model for ontology environments', CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 505-524.
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While many researchers have contributed to the field of semantic similarity models so far, we find that most of the models are designed for the semantic network environment. When applying the semantic similarity model within the semantic-rich ontology en

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2011, 'A framework for discovering and classifying ubiquitous services in digital health ecosystems', JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AND SYSTEM SCIENCES, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 687-704.
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A digital ecosystem is a widespread type of ubiquitous computing environment comprised of ubiquitous, geographically dispersed, and heterogeneous species, technologies and services. As a subdomain of the digital ecosystems, digital health ecosystems are crucial for the stability and sustainable development of the digital ecosystems. However, since the service information in the digital health ecosystems exhibits the same features as those in the digital ecosystems, it is difficult for a service consumer to precisely and quickly retrieve a service provider for a given health service request. Consequently, it is a matter of urgency that a technology is developed to discover and classify the health service information obtained from the digital health ecosystems. A survey of state-of-the-art semantic service discovery technologies reveals that no significant research effort has been made in this area. Hence, in this paper, we present a framework for discovering and classifying the vast amount of service information present in the digital health ecosystems. The framework incorporates the technology of semantic focused crawler and social classification. A series of experiments are conducted in order to respectively evaluate the framework and the employed mathematical model.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2011, 'A service concept recommendation system for enhancing the dependability of semantic service matchmakers in the service ecosystem environment', JOURNAL OF NETWORK AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 619-631.
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A Service Ecosystem is a biological view of the business and software environment, which is comprised of a Service Use Ecosystem and a Service Supply Ecosystem. Service matchmakers play an important role in ensuring the connectivity between the two ecosystems. Current matchmakers attempt to employ ontologies to disambiguate service consumers' service queries by semantically classifying service entities and providing a series of human computer interactions to service consumers. However, the lack of relevant service domain knowledge and the wrong service queries could prevent the semantic service matchmakers from seeking the service concepts that can be used to correctly represent service requests. To resolve this issue, in this paper, we propose the framework of a service concept recommendation system, which is built upon a semantic similarity model. This system can be employed to seek the concepts used to correctly represent service consumers' requests, when a semantic service matchmaker finds that the service concepts that are eventually retrieved cannot match the service requests. Whilst many similar semantic similarity models have been developed to date, most of them focus on distance-based measures for the semantic network environment and ignore content-based measures for the ontology environment. For the ontology environment in which concepts are defined with sufficient datatype properties, object properties, and restrictions etc., the content of concepts should be regarded as an important factor in concept similarity measures. Hence, we present a novel semantic similarity model for the service ontology environment. The technical details and evaluation details of the framework are discussed in this paper

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2011, 'A Service Search Engine for the Industrial Digital Ecosystems', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 2183-2196.
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Digital ecosystem (DE) is comprised of heterogeneous and distributed species which can play the dual role of service provider and service requester. Nowadays, DE lacks semantic search support, which means it cannot provide a reliable and trustworthy link

Dong, Y, Hong, W-C, Xu, Y & Yu, S 2011, 'Selecting the Individual Numerical Scale and Prioritization Method in the Analytic Hierarchy Process: A 2-Tuple Fuzzy Linguistic Approach', IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 13-25.
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Douglas, C, Fildes, B & Gibson, T 2011, 'Modeling Occupants in Far-Side Impacts', Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 508-517.
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Far-side impacts are not part of any regulated NCAP, FMVSS, or similar test regime despite accounting for 43 percent of the seriously injured persons and 30 percent of the harm in U.S. side impact crashes. Furthermore, injuries to the head and thorax account for over half of the serious injuries sustained by occupants in far-side crashes. Despite this, there is no regulated or well-accepted anthropomorphic test device (ATD) or computer model available to investigate far-side impacts. As such, this presents an opportunity to assess a computer model that can be used to measure the effect of varying restraint parameters on occupant biomechanics in far-side impacts. Objective: This study sets out to demonstrate the modified TASS human facet model's (MOTHMO) capabilities in modeling whole-body response in far-side impacts. Method: MOTHMO's dynamic response was compared to that of postmortem human subjects (PMHS), WorldSID, and Thor-NT in a series of far-side sled tests. The advantages, disadvantages, and differences of using MOTHMO compared to ATDs were highlighted and described in terms of model design and instrumentation. Potential applications and improvements for MOTHMO were also recommended. Results: The results showed that MOTHMO is capable of replicating the seat belt-to-shoulder complex interaction, pelvis impacts, head displacement, neck and shoulder belt loading from inboard mounted belts, and impacts from multiple directions. Overall, the model performed better than Thor-NT and at least as well as WorldSID when compared to PMHS results. Though WorldSID and Thor-NT ATDs were capable of reproducing many of these impact loads, measuring the seat belt-to-shoulder complex interaction and thoracic deflection at multiple sites and directions was less accurately handled. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that MOTHMO is capable of modeling whole-body response in far-side impacts. Furthermore, MOTHMO can be used as a virtual design tool to explore the effect of var...

Dovey, K & Muller, L 2011, 'Dangerous learning in edgy contexts: creativity and innovation in the South African arts domain', International Journal of Lifelong Education, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 613-629.
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n this paper, we outline a pilot project aimed at exploring the role of contextual factors in the facilitation of creativity and innovation within a range of South African art forms. Interviews with 11 people who have rich experience of the South African art domain delivered an insightful perspective on the contextual factors driving lifelong creativity and its continuous realization in innovative outcomes within these art forms.

Du, C, Yang, J, Wu, Q & He, X 2011, 'Locating facial landmarks by support vector machine-based active shape model', International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 151-151.
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Active shape model (ASM) plays an important role in face research such as face recognition, pose estimation and gaze estimation. A crucial step of the common ASM is finding a new position for each facial landmark at each iteration. Mahalanobis distance minimisation is used for this finding, provided there are enough training data such that the grey-level profiles for each landmark following a multivariate Gaussian distribution. However, this condition could not be satisfied in most cases. In this paper, a novel method support vector machine-based active shape model (SVMBASM) is proposed for this task. It approaches the finding task as a small sample size classification problem. Moreover, considering the poor classification performance caused by the imbalanced dataset which contains more negative instances (incorrect candidates for new position) than positive instances (correct candidates for new position), a multi-class classification framework is further proposed. Performance evaluation on Shanghai Jiao Tong University face database shows that the proposed SVMBASM outperforms the original ASM in terms of the average error and average frequency of convergence.

Du, Y & Lu, DD-C 2011, 'Battery-integrated boost converter utilizing distributed MPPT configuration for photovoltaic systems', Solar Energy, vol. 85, no. 9, pp. 1992-2002.
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Duncan, EL, Danoy, P, Kemp, JP, Leo, PJ, McCloskey, E, Nicholson, GC, Eastell, R, Prince, RL, Eisman, JA, Jones, G, Sambrook, PN, Reid, IR, Dennison, EM, Wark, J, Richards, JB, Uitterlinden, AG, Spector, TD, Esapa, C, Cox, RD, Brown, SDM, Thakker, RV, Addison, KA, Bradbury, LA, Center, JR, Cooper, C, Cremin, C, Estrada, K, Felsenberg, D, Glüer, C-C, Hadler, J, Henry, MJ, Hofman, A, Kotowicz, MA, Makovey, J, Nguyen, SC, Nguyen, TV, Pasco, JA, Pryce, K, Reid, DM, Rivadeneira, F, Roux, C, Stefansson, K, Styrkarsdottir, U, Thorleifsson, G, Tichawangana, R, Evans, DM & Brown, MA 2011, 'Genome-Wide Association Study Using Extreme Truncate Selection Identifies Novel Genes Affecting Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Risk', PLoS Genetics, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. e1001372-e1001372.
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Osteoporotic fracture is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a major predisposing factor to fracture and is known to be highly heritable. Site-, gender-, and age- specific genetic effects on BMD are thoug

Dyadyuk, V, Huang, X, Stokes, L & Pathikulangara, J 2011, 'Implementation of wideband digital beam forming in the E-band', International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 259-266.
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This paper reports the test results of a small-scale prototype that implements a digitally beam-formed phased antenna array in the E-band. A four-channel dual-conversion receive RF module for 71–76 GHz frequency band has been developed and integrated with a linear end-fire antenna array. Wideband frequency-domain angle-of-arrival estimation and beam-forming algorithms were developed and implemented using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) at 1 Gbps. Measured performance is very close to the simulated results and experimental data for an analogue-beam-formed array. This work is a stepping stone toward practical realization of larger hybrid arrays in the E-band.

Dyson, LE & Litchfield, A 2011, 'Advancing Collaboration between M-Learning Researchers and Practitioners through an Online Portal and Web 2.0 Technologies', International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 64-72.
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With growing interest in mobile learning to address the educational requirements of a generation of students who have grown up with digital technology, and given the widespread adoption of mobile devices by indigenous people and in developing countries, there is a need for improved practice and better theoretical understanding of m-learning. This could be achieved through a more accessible body of knowledge of m-learning principles, teaching strategies and case-studies. This paper proposes the establishment of an online portal to influence and support good m-learning practice. An m-learning portal, incorporating a range of online, Web 2.0 and mobile technologies, would foster collaboration between researchers and educators and inform emerging national and international approaches using mobile technologies at all levels of the education sector and across all disciplines.

Eager, DM 2011, 'Playground equipment - certification and compliance', Education Matters, vol. Primary, pp. 32-34.

Ebrahimi Warkiani, M, Lou, C-P & Gong, H-Q 2011, 'Fabrication of multi-layer polymeric micro-sieve having narrow slot pores with conventional ultraviolet-lithography and micro-fabrication techniques', Biomicrofluidics, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 036504-036504.
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Ebrahimi, T, Karam, L, Pereira, F, El-Maleh, K & Burnett, I 2011, 'The Quality of Multimedia: Challenges and Trends [From the Guest Editors]', IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 17-148.
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El Saliby, I, Erdei, L, Shon, HK & Kim, J-H 2011, 'Development of visible light sensitive titania photocatalysts by combined nitrogen and silver doping', JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 358-363.
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In this study we present the effects of non-metal (nitrogen) and metal/non-metal (silver/nitrogen) dopants on titanium dioxide (TiO2) in synthesising visible-light reactive photocatalysts. Nanopowders of TiO2-N and TiO2-NâAg were synthesised using a simple procedure at room temperature. For nitrogen doping, a dispersion of Degussa P-25 was treated with ammonium hydroxide. The obtained modified catalyst was further treated with silver nitrate powder to facilitate silver-nitrogen co-doping. The produced catalysts were characterised using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and specific surface area measurements. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray and transmission electron microscopy were adapted to detect changes in the morphology and in the chemical composition of synthesised catalysts. The results show that both the morphology and appearance of catalysts were modified to yield nanopowders of yellowish color and relatively high specific surface area. Methylene blue (MB) dye was used as a model aquatic contaminant in 23 mg/L concentration to study the performance of these novel photocatalysts in an aerobic mixed batch reactor system under white light irradiation. Both nitrogen and nitrogen-silver co-doping lead to visible light sensitivity and the new catalysts showed remarkable activities in the decolorisation of MB.

El Saliby, I, Erdei, L, Shon, HK, Kim, JB & Kim, J-H 2011, 'Preparation and characterisation of mesoporous photoactive Na-titanate microspheres', CATALYSIS TODAY, vol. 164, no. 1, pp. 370-376.
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Mesoporous Na-titanate microspheres were fabricated by a simple low temperature hydrothermal synthesis. Microsphereswereobtained after treating TiO2 (Degussa P-25) with a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at 25â¦C and 80 â¦C. The as-prepared powders were characterised by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorptionâdesorption measurements and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The as-prepared microspheres were calcined at 550 â¦C to investigate the effect of calcination on morphology and characteristics. Microspheres were tested for the adsorption and photodecomposition of methylene blue (MB) under ultraviolet light. The results revealed that microspheres with average diameter of 700nmwere formed by self-assembly of tiny TiO2 nanoparticles during the reaction at 25 â¦C, whereas spherical aggregation of nanofibres was detected in powders produced at 80 â¦C. Calcination of samples had low impact on morphology, adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of MB. These novel materials are effective adsorbents of MB, and also capable of its photodecolorisation.

El Saliby, I, Shon, HK, Kandasamy, J & Kim, J-H 2011, 'Synthesis, characterisation and separation of photoreactive Hydrogen-titanate nanofibrous channel', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 202-207.
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Australia is the world's largest wool producing country, accounting for about 25â30% of world production. As a biotemplate, we explored the possibility of using wool to produce micro-channel of Hydrogentitanate nanofibres through morphology transcription of wool microfibres. Hydrothermal method was adopted to synthesise titanate nanofibres. A facile method of impregnation followed by incineration at 600 â¦C was utilised to prepare the nanofibrous channel. Anatase undoped nanofibrous (average nanofibre diameter = 44 nm) channel of around 50min length and an average diameter of 9.5mwere obtained. The photocatalytic activity of nanofibrous channel was monitored under UV irradiation for the decomposition of humic acid in aqueous solution using an aerobic batch reactor system. The photodegradation results showed that UV254 absorbing moeities and DOC were respectively reduced by 82% and 66% after 3 h of photoreaction at 1 g/L catalyst load. The novel nanofibrous channel could be easily separated from the aqueous suspension by sedimentation after the end of the photocatalytic reaction.

Fang, F, Ni, B, Li, W, Sheng, G & Yu, H 2011, 'A simulation-based integrated approach to optimize the biological nutrient removal process in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 174, no. 2-3, pp. 635-643.
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Fatahi, B, Engelbert, D, Mujic, S & Khabbaz, H 2011, 'Effects of preloading on soft clay improvement using Deep Soil Mixing', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 63-71.
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Poor performing soils, particularly soft clays, are more prevalent around lakes and coastal environments, where demand for construction is generally higher. It is therefore critical that suitable ground improvement techniques be developed and refined to ensure these sites perform satisfactorily under applied structural loads. There is a clear trend in geotechnical construction to further develop technologies such as Deep Soil Mixing (DSM), using cement, lime, fly ash or bottom ash, with an aim to improve the mechanical properties of problematic soils. In this study, the influence of surcharge (10 kPa to 120 kPa) applied during curing on soil-cement columns is investigated using two different clay types, namely kaolinite and bentonite. Preload provides confinement and pre-compression during curing, which in turn increases the bearing capacity of the treated ground. The results of unconfined compressive strength tests are analysed to illustrate how the mechanical properties of the clays composed of differing cement content are influenced under varying surcharges applied instantly after mixing. The results indicate that mechanical properties of cement treated soft clays, including strength and stiffness can be enhanced through the application of surcharge immediately after construction, during the curing phase. This could potentially provide a cost effective and environmentally friendly alternative by reducing the required cement content being added to soil to achieve a given strength.

Fatahi, B, Khabbaz, H & Ho, HL 2011, 'Effects of geotextiles on drainage performance of ballasted rail tracks', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 91-102.
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Naturally soft soils are mostly found around coastal regions, where the construction of ballasted rail tracks is required to have a more thorough consideration regarding filtration. Any poor filter design on weak ground inevitably leads to a critical change in ballast characteristics. It is noticeable that such a change results in several issues including significant migration of finer particles about the subballast-subgrade interface and the deficiency of subballast filtration. These problems eventually reduce the drainage ability of the rail sub-system and may cause severe damage which can only be remedied by frequent and costly track maintenance. It is therefore important that geosynthetics such as geotextiles are introduced to the rail track system as an additional filter layer, which is able to retain the desirable filtering characteristics. This paper investigates the impact of non-woven geotextiles on filtration behaviour of subballast in the laboratory, while adopting different granular filter (subballast) thicknesses varying from 0 mm to 50 mm. The research findings demonstrate a notable difference in the cumulative fine loss per unit volume within a given period of time between two distinctive tests - with and without geotextiles, thus emphasising the beneficial application of this geosynthetic material. Empirical estimation of permeability and properties of subballast, including grading curves after testing, are carefully carried out and the results are presented in this paper. The results indicate that the thickness of granular subballast can be significantly reduced by including geotextiles. This paper, in turn, evaluates the potential combination of the track substructure and geotextiles to achieve the optimum filter design and more importantly, alleviate the cost of track maintenance.

Fatahi, B, Khabbaz, SH & Basack, S 2011, 'Effects of salinity and sand content on liquid limit and hydraulic conductivity', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 67-76.
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Soil conditions of construction sites have become worse than ever due to the overpopulation in the metropolitan areas throughout the world. Likewise, the prevention of environmental risks due to individual activities is one of the most important subjects in the geo-environmental problems. Saline soils may induce several problems in geotechnical engineering projects such as infrastructure embankments, road construction and clay liners. Effect of the various concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) on several different soils including bentonite, kaolinite and fine sand mixtures has been evaluated. In addition, influence of salinity and the period of submergence on the hydraulic conductivity of soil samples collected from a certain area of east coast of India was investigated. The results show that the liquid limit of the mixtures generally decreases with an increase in the salt concentration. Liquid limit decreased significantly with an increase in NaCl concentration up to a certain level. However, a further increase in the concentration does not induce any significant decrease in liquid limit. Furthermore, the soil hydraulic conductivity increase with the salt concentration and with increase in the period of submergence, the hydraulic conductivity of the soil increases asymptotically.

Feiping Nie, Zinan Zeng, Tsang, IW, Dong Xu & Changshui Zhang 2011, 'Spectral Embedded Clustering: A Framework for In-Sample and Out-of-Sample Spectral Clustering', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 1796-1808.
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Spectral clustering (SC) methods have been successfully applied to many real-world applications. The success of these SC methods is largely based on the manifold assumption, namely, that two nearby data points in the high-density region of a low-dimensional data manifold have the same cluster label. However, such an assumption might not always hold on high-dimensional data. When the data do not exhibit a clear low-dimensional manifold structure (e.g., high-dimensional and sparse data), the clustering performance of SC will be degraded and become even worse than K -means clustering. In this paper, motivated by the observation that the true cluster assignment matrix for high-dimensional data can be always embedded in a linear space spanned by the data, we propose the spectral embedded clustering (SEC) framework, in which a linearity regularization is explicitly added into the objective function of SC methods. More importantly, the proposed SEC framework can naturally deal with out-of-sample data. We also present a new Laplacian matrix constructed from a local regression of each pattern and incorporate it into our SEC framework to capture both local and global discriminative information for clustering. Comprehensive experiments on eight real-world high-dimensional datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of our SEC framework over existing SC methods and K-means-based clustering methods. Our SEC framework significantly outperforms SC using the Nystro¨m algorithm on unseen data.

Ferguson, S, Schubert, E & Dean, RT 2011, 'Continuous subjective loudness responses to reversals and inversions of a sound recording of an orchestral excerpt', Musicae Scientiae, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 387-401.
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Twenty-four respondents continuously rated the loudness of the first 65 seconds of a Dvořák Slavonic Dance, which was known to vary considerably in loudness. They also rated the same excerpt when the sound file was digitally treated so that (1) the sound pressure level (SPL) was inverted or (2) it was temporally reversed or (3) both 1 and 2. Specifically we wanted to see if acoustic intensity was processed into the percept of loudness primarily using a bottom-up (indifferent to timbral environment and thematic cues) or top-down style (where musical context, such as instrument identity and musical expectation affects the loudness rating). Comparing the different versions (conditions) allowed us to ascertain which style they were likely to be using. A single, six-second region was located as being differentiated across two conditions, where loudness seemed to be increased due to expectation of the instrument and orchestral texture, despite the lower SPL. We named this effect an auditory loudness stroop. A second region was differentiated between the two conditions, but its explanation appears to involve two factors, auditory looming perception and the reversal of stimulus note ramps. The overall conclusion was that the predominant processing style for loudness rating was bottom-up. Implications for further research and application to models of loudness are discussed.

Ferrie, C, Granade, CE & Cory, DG 2011, 'How to best sample a periodic probability distribution, or on the accuracy of Hamiltonian finding strategies', QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 611-623.
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Projective measurements of a single two-level quantum mechanical system (a qubit) evolving under a time-independent Hamiltonian produce a probability distribution that is periodic in the evolution time. The period of this distribution is an important parameter in the Hamiltonian. Here, we explore how to design experiments so as to minimize error in the estimation of this parameter. While it has been shown that useful results may be obtained by minimizing the risk incurred by each experiment, such an approach is computationally intractable in general. Here, we motivate and derive heuristic strategies for experiment design that enjoy the same exponential scaling as fully optimized strategies. We then discuss generalizations to the case of finite relaxation times, T_2 < \infty.

Fiechter, CA, Marjanovic, O, Boppert, JF & Kern, E-M 2011, 'Knowledge Management Can Be Lean: Improving Knowledge Intensive Business Processes', INNOVATION THROUGH KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER 2010, vol. 9, pp. 31-40.
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Filatova, T, Voinov, A & van der Veen, A 2011, 'Land market mechanisms for preservation of space for coastal ecosystems: An agent-based analysis', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 179-190.
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Fitch, AL, Iu, HHC & Lu, DDC 2011, 'An Analog Computer for Electronic Engineering Education', IEEE Transactions on Education, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 550-557.
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Folowosele, F, Hamilton, TJ & Etienne-Cummings, R 2011, 'Silicon Modeling of the Mihalaş–Niebur Neuron', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 1915-1927.
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There are a number of spiking and bursting neuron models with varying levels of complexity, ranging from the simple integrate-and-fire model to the more complex Hodgkin-Huxley model. The simpler models tend to be easily implemented in silicon but yet not biologically plausible. Conversely, the more complex models tend to occupy a large area although they are more biologically plausible. In this paper, we present the 0.5 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) implementation of the Mihala-Niebur neuron modela generalized model of the leaky integrate-and-fire neuron with adaptive thresholdthat is able to produce most of the known spiking and bursting patterns that have been observed in biology. Our implementation modifies the original proposed model, making it more amenable to CMOS implementation and more biologically plausible. All but one of the spiking propertiestonic spiking, class 1 spiking, phasic spiking, hyperpolarized spiking, rebound spiking, spike frequency adaptation, accommodation, threshold variability, integrator and input bistabilityare demonstrated in this model. © 2011 IEEE.

Fradet, E, McDougall, C, Abbyad, P, Dangla, R, McGloin, D & Baroud, CN 2011, 'Combining rails and anchors with laser forcing for selective manipulation within 2D droplet arrays', Lab on a Chip, vol. 11, no. 24, pp. 4228-4228.
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Fredlund, DG, Sheng, D & Zhao, J 2011, 'Estimation of soil suction from the soil-water characteristic curve', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 186-198.
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Soil-water characteristic curves (SWCCs) are routinely used for the estimation of unsaturated soil property functions (e.g., permeability functions, water storage functions, shear strength functions, and thermal property functions). This paper examines the possibility of using the SWCC for the estimation of in situ soil suction. The paper focuses on the limitations of estimating soil suctions from the SWCC and also suggests a context under which soil suction estimations should be used. The potential range of estimated suction values is known to be large because of hysteresis between drying and wetting SWCCs. For this, and other reasons, the estimation of in situ suctions from the SWCC has been discouraged. However, a framework is suggested in this paper for estimating the median value for in situ soil suction along with a likely range of soil suction values (i.e., maximum and minimum values). The percentage error in the estimation of soil suction from the SWCC is shown to be lowest for sand soils and highest for clay soils.

Frost, SA, Nguyen, ND, Black, DA, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2011, 'Risk factors for in-hospital post-hip fracture mortality', Bone, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 553-558.
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Furrer, F, Franz, T, Berta, M, Leverrier, A, Scholz, VB, Tomamichel, M & Werner, RF 2011, 'Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution: Finite-Key Analysis of Composable Security against Coherent Attacks', Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 109, no. 10, p. 100502.
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We provide a security analysis for continuous variable quantum key distribution protocols based on the transmission of squeezed vacuum states measured via homodyne detection. We employ a version of the entropic uncertainty relation for smooth entropies to give a lower bound on the number of secret bits which can be extracted from a finite number of runs of the protocol. This bound is valid under general coherent attacks, and gives rise to keys which are composably secure. For comparison, we also give a lower bound valid under the assumption of collective attacks. For both scenarios, we find positive key rates using experimental parameters reachable today.

Gainder, S, Raveendran, A, Bagga, R, Saha, SC, Dhaliwal, LK & Bhansali, AK 2011, 'Phaeochromocytoma in pregnancy can mimic severe hypertensive disorders', Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 539-541.
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Gao, L, Xu, M, Yan, SF, Liu, MG, Hou, CH & Wang, DH 2011, 'Content-aware broadcast soccer video retargeting using fuzzy logic', Electronics Letters, vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 694-694.
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A content-aware video retargeting method is proposed for playing broadcast soccer video in small displays. Four visual perception clues are predefined based on soccer game-specific knowledge and modelled by visual attention features firstly. Then, a fuzzy logic inference system is proposed to estimate visual attention values (AVs) of ball and players by fusing attention features. AVs are later used to determine the region of interest (ROI) of each frame. Finally, a retargeted video is generated by the ROI of each frame with polynomial curve fitting for temporal smoothing. Both subjective and objective evaluation results are promising.

Gao, W, Wu, D, Song, C, Tin-Loi, F & Li, X 2011, 'Hybrid probabilistic interval analysis of bar structures with uncertainty using a mixed perturbation Monte-Carlo method', Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 643-652.
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This paper presents a mixed perturbation Monte-Carlo method for static and reliability analysis of structural systems with a mixture of random and interval parameters/loadings. Using a combination of the Taylor expansion, matrix perturbation theory and random interval moment method, the expressions for the mean value and standard deviation of random interval structural responses are developed. The Monte-Carlo simulation method is employed to determine the lower and upper bounds of the mean values and standard deviations of structural displacements and stresses. The structural reliability is not a deterministic value but an interval as the structural stress responses are random interval variables. The lower and upper bounds of probability of failure and reliability of structural elements and systems are investigated based on the first-order second-moment reliability method and interval approach. Three numerical examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Gao, Y, Zhang, G, Lu, J & Wee, H-M 2011, 'Particle swarm optimization for bi-level pricing problems in supply chains', JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 245-254.
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With rapid technological innovation and strong competition in hi-tech industries such as computer and communication organizations, the upstream component price and the downstream product cost usually decline significantly with time. As a result, an effective pricing supply chain model is very important. This paper first establishes two bi-level pricing models for pricing problems with the buyer and the vendor in a supply chain designated as the leader and the follower, respectively. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) based algorithm is developed to solve problems defined by these bi-level pricing models. Experiments illustrate that this PSO based algorithm can achieve a profit increase for buyers or vendors if they are treated as the leaders under some situations, compared with the existing methods.

Garcia-Vigueras, M, Gomez-Tornero, JL, Goussetis, G, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2011, '1D-Leaky Wave Antenna Employing Parallel-Plate Waveguide Loaded With PRS and HIS', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 3687-3694.
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A new type of one-dimensional leaky-wave antenna (LWA) with independent control of the beam-pointing angle and beamwidth is presented. The antenna is based on a simple structure composed of a bulk parallel-plate waveguide (PPW) loaded with two printed circuit boards (PCBs), each one consisting of an array of printed dipoles. One PCB acts as a partially reflective surface (PRS), and the other grounded PCB behaves as a high impedance surface (HIS). It is shown that an independent control of the leaky-mode phase and leakage rate can be achieved by changing the lengths of the PRS and HIS dipoles, thus resulting in a flexible adjustment of the LWA pointing direction and directivity. The leaky-mode dispersion curves are obtained with a simple Transverse Equivalent Network (TEN), and they are validated with three-dimensional full-wave simulations. Experimental results on fabricated prototypes operating at 15 GHz are reported, demonstrating the versatile and independent control of the LWA performance by changing the PRS and HIS parameters. © 2011 IEEE.

Garcia-Vigueras, M, Gomez-Tornero, JL, Goussetis, G, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2011, 'Enhancing Frequency-Scanning Response of Leaky-Wave Antennas Using High-Impedance Surfaces', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, pp. 7-10.
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The use of high-impedance surfaces (HISs) to increase the frequency-scanning sensitivity of hollow leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) is presented. The LWA consists of a hollow rectangular waveguide with one of its narrow walls replaced by a partially reflective surface, and it is loaded with a metallodielectric HIS to increase its beam-scanning response. Theoretical results based on a simple transverse equivalent network illustrate the physical mechanism responsible for the improvement, and they are verified by experiments on a prototype working in the 11-16 GHz band. © 2006 IEEE.

Ge, Y, Esselle, KP & Bird, TS 2011, 'Compact Dielectric Resonator Antennas With Ultrawide 60%–110% Bandwidth', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 3445-3448.
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Ge, Y, Esselle, KP & Bird, TS 2011, 'Experimental demonstration of a dual-band electromagnetic band-gap resonator antenna made out of a simple, single-layer frequency selective surface', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 1867-1869.
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Geng, X, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2011, 'Effectiveness of partially penetrating vertical drains under a combined surcharge and vacuum preloading', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 970-983.
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This paper considers the consolidation of a layer of clay in which partially penetrating prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) are used in conjunction with a combined surcharge and vacuum preloading. Analytical solutions for partially penetrating PVDs are derived by considering vacuum pressure (suction), time-dependent embankment surcharge, well resistance, and smear zone. Three-dimensional seepage with a virtual vertical drain is assumed to reflect real seepage into the soil beneath the tip of a PVD. Analytical solutions were then used to examine the length of the vertical drain and vacuum pressure on soft clay to determine the consolidation time and degree of consolidation, associated settlement, and distribution of suction along the drain. The proposed solutions are then employed to analyse a case history. Finally, an appropriate PVD length in relation to clay thickness and drain spacing is recommended for various loading patterns.

Gerold, B, Kotopoulis, S, McDougall, C, McGloin, D, Postema, M & Prentice, P 2011, 'Laser-nucleated acoustic cavitation in focused ultrasound', Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 044902-044902.
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Gil-Aluja, J, Gil-Lafuente, AM & Merigó, JM 2011, 'Using homogeneous groupings in portfolio management', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 10950-10958.
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Golsteijn, C & van den Hoven, E 2011, 'Facilitating communication about books through an online community', PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 197-217.
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Reading books can serve as a means of gathering information, relaxing and escaping daily stress. Although reading is often primarily an individual activity, many readers also enjoy sharing reading experiences with friends, relatives, colleagues and, through the internet, even with strangers. Apart from valuing these individual and collective book activities, books as physical artifacts are also valued, for example because of the memories associated with them. This paper investigates how books can be enhanced with a new product, system or service. In a qualitative interview study, the main reasons for valuing books were found to be related to the self (individual activities and feelings), experiences (e.g., enjoyment or release) and personal values (e.g., embodiment of ideals or personification). As a result, it was decided for the remainder of this study to focus on communication about books, because in addition to individual book-related activities and feelings, users indicated to communicate about books a lot. A book community Web site, called Shelf, was developed to investigate whether book communication could be increased by facilitating an online community and whether users would appreciate the Website functionality. Shelf was used in a 14-day user evaluation, and it was concluded that the Web site increased the extent to which readers communicated about books. We expect that such an online book community would be a valuable enhancement of current book customs, in particular in combination with the current e-book trend, for various types of readers who would like to share their experiences.

Gomez-Tornero, JL, Quesada-Pereira, F, Alvarez-Melcon, A, Goussetis, G, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2011, 'Frequency Steerable Two Dimensional Focusing Using Rectilinear Leaky-Wave Lenses', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 407-415.
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The concept of frequency steerable two-dimensional electromagnetic focusing by using a tapered leaky-wave line source embedded in a parallel-plate medium is presented. Accurate expressions for analyzing the focusing pattern of a rectilinear leaky-wave lens (LWL) from its constituent leaky-mode tapered propagation constant are described. The influence of the main LWL structural parameters on the synthesis of the focusing pattern is discussed. The ability to generate frequency steerable focusing patterns has been demonstrated by means of an example involving a LWL in hybrid waveguide printed-circuit technology and the results are validated by a commercial full-wave solver. © 2010 IEEE.

Gomez-Tornero, JL, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2011, 'Rectilinear Leaky-Wave Antennas With Broad Beam Patterns Using Hybrid Printed-Circuit Waveguides', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 3999-4007.
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A theoretical study on the design of broadbeam leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) of uniform type and rectilinear geometry is presented. A new broadbeam LWA structure based on the hybrid printed-circuit waveguide is proposed, which allows for the necessary flexible and independent control of the leaky-wave phase and leakage constants. The study shows that both the real and virtual focus LWAs can be synthesized in a simple manner by tapering the printed-slot along the LWA properly, but the real focus LWA is preferred in practice. Practical issues concerning the tapering of these LWA are investigated, including the tuning of the radiation pattern asymmetry level and beamwidth, the control of the ripple level inside the broad radiated main beam, and the frequency response of the broadbeam LWA. The paper provides new insight and guidance for the design of this type of LWAs. © 2011 IEEE.

Gramann, K, Gwin, JT, Ferris, DP, Oie, K, Jung, T-P, Lin, C-T, Liao, L-D & Makeig, S 2011, 'Cognition in action: imaging brain/body dynamics in mobile humans', Reviews in the Neurosciences, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 593-608.
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Grover, DP, Balaam, J, Pacitto, S, Readman, JW, White, S & Zhou, JL 2011, 'Endocrine disrupting activities in sewage effluent and river water determined by chemical analysis and in vitro assay in the context of granular activated carbon upgrade', Chemosphere, vol. 84, no. 10, pp. 1512-1520.
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As part of endocrine disruption in catchments (EDCAT) programme, this work aims to assess the temporal and spatial variations of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in River Ray, before and after the commissioning of a full-scale granular activated carbon (GAC) plant at a sewage treatment works (STW). Through spot and passive sampling from effluent and river sites, estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities were determined by chemical analysis and in vitro bio-assay. A correlation was found between chemical analyses of the most potent estrogens (estrone (E1), 17ß-estradiol (E2), 17a-ethinylestradiol (EE2)) and yeast estrogen screen (YES) measurement, both showing clearly a reduction in estrogenic activity after the commissioning of the GAC plant at the STW. During the study period, the annual average concentrations of E1, E2 and EE2 had decreased from 3.5 ng L-1, 3.1 ng L-1 and 0.5 ng L-1 to below their limit of detection (LOD), respectively, with a concentration reduction of at least 91%, 81% and 60%. Annual mean estrogenic activity measured by YES of spot samples varied from 1.9 ng L-1 to 0.4 ng L-1 E2 equivalent between 2006 and 2008 representing a 79% reduction. Similarly, anti-androgenic activity measured by yeast anti-androgen screen (anti-YAS) of spot samples was reduced from 148.8 to 22.4 µg flutamide L-1, or by 85%. YES and anti-YAS values were related to each other, suggesting co-existence of both types of activities from chemical mixtures in environmental samples. The findings confirm the effectiveness of a full-scale GAC in removing both estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities from sewage effluent.

Grover, DP, Zhou, JL, Frickers, PE & Readman, JW 2011, 'Improved removal of estrogenic and pharmaceutical compounds in sewage effluent by full scale granular activated carbon: Impact on receiving river water', Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 185, no. 2-3, pp. 1005-1011.
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Sewage effluents are widely recognised as the main source of emerging contaminants, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals in surface waters. A full-scale granular activated carbon (GAC) plant has been installed as an advanced technology for the removal of these contaminants, in a major sewage treatment works (STW) in South-West England as part of the UK National Demonstration Programme for EDCs. This study presented for the first time, an assessment of the impact of a recently commissioned, post-tertiary GAC plant in the removal of emerging contaminants in a working STW. Through regular sampling followed by solid-phase extraction and analysis by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS), a significant reduction in the concentrations of steroidal estrogens was observed (>4364%). In addition, significant reductions were observed for many of the pharmaceutical compounds such as mebeverine (8499%), although the reduction was less dramatic for some of the more widely used pharmaceuticals analysed, including carbamazepine and propranolol (1723%).

Gui, L, Liu, B, Wu, H-C, Li, Y & Ma, W 2011, 'Helicopter-Based Digital Electronic News Gathering (H-DENG) System: Case Study and System Solution', IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 121-128.
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Guo, F, Xu, XX, Sun, ZZ, Zhang, JX, Meng, ZX, Zheng, W, Zhou, HM, Wang, BL & Zheng, YF 2011, 'A novel amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on electrospun Hb–collagen composite', Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 140-145.
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Guo, W, Ngo, HH, Wu, Z, Hu, AYJ & Listowski, A 2011, 'Application of bioflocculant and nonwoven supporting media for better biological nutrient removal and fouling control in a submerged MBR', Sustainable Environment Research, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 53-58.
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The study aims at modifying a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) with attached-growth nonwoven media and a new green bioflocculant (GBF) (developed at Environmental Engineering R & D laboratory, University of Technology, Sydney) addition to treat a high strength domestic wastewater for reuse. The performance of the SMBR was evaluated in terms of organic and nutrient removal as well as membrane fouling control. The results indicated that the integrated SMBR system could eliminate more than 95% dissolved organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand from the influent. The system achieved 100% of nitrification during 60 d of operation. The denitrification was primarily based on conventional nitrification-denitrification process occurring in the anoxic zone. The total nitrogen removal efficiency and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification were 93 ± 3 and 96 ± 1% respectively. Although a relatively long solids retention time (50 d) were adopted, over 98% of total phosphorus in the influent was removed through biological phosphorus removal. The results also show that the addition of GBF could improve microbial activity and reduce membrane fouling. During the experiment, the transmembrane pressure developed marginally (4.5 kPa).

Guruprasad, B, Indraratna, B, Nghiem, LD & Regmi, G 2011, 'A neural network approach to predict the performance of recycled concrete used in permeable reactive barriers for the treatment of acidic groundwater', Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 199-209.
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Hai, FI, Li, X, Price, WE & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Removal of carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole by MBR under anoxic and aerobic conditions', Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 22, pp. 10386-10390.
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Hai, FI, Tadkaew, N, McDonald, JA, Khan, SJ & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Is halogen content the most important factor in the removal of halogenated trace organics by MBR treatment?', Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 10, pp. 6299-6303.
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Hai, FI, Tessmer, K, Nguyen, LN, Kang, J, Price, WE & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Removal of micropollutants by membrane bioreactor under temperature variation', Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 383, no. 1-2, pp. 144-151.
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Hajibabania, S, Verliefde, A, Drewes, JE, Nghiem, LD, McDonald, J, Khan, S & Le-Clech, P 2011, 'Effect of fouling on removal of trace organic compounds by nanofiltration', Drinking Water Engineering and Science, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 71-82.
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Abstract. The fate of chemical of concern is not yet fully understood during treatment of impaired waters. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of different organic-based fouling layers on the removal of a large range of trace organics. Both model and real water samples (mixed with trace organic contaminants at environmental concentration of 2 μg l−1) were used to simulate fouling in nanofiltration under controlled environment. The new and fouled membranes were systematically characterised for surface charge, hydrophobicity and roughness. It was observed that fouling generally reduced the membrane surface charge; however, the alterations of the membrane hydrophobicity and surface roughness were dependent on the foulants composition. The rejection of charged trace organics was observed to be improved due to the increased electrostatic repulsion by fouled membranes and the adsorption of the trace organic chemicals onto organic matters. On the other hand, the removal of nonionic compounds decreased when fouling occurred, due to the presence of cake enhanced concentration polarization. The fouling layer structure was found to play an important role in the rejection of the trace organic compounds.

Hamilton, M, Salim, F, Cheng, E & Choy, SL 2011, 'Transafe', ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 32-37.
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An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS) at Saint Xavier University in Chicago, Illinois (and printed in the 2011 ISTAS proceedings). This paper describes a proposed mobile platform, Transafe , that captures and analyses public perceptions of safety to deliver 'crowdsourced' collective intelligence about places in the City of Melbourne, Australia, and their affective states at various times of the day. Public perceptions of crime on public transport in Melbourne are often mismatched with actual crime statistics and such perceptions thus can act as social barriers to visitors and locals traversing within and through the city. Using interactive mobile applications and social media, the visualization of this crowdsourced safety perception information will increase the commuter's awareness of various situations in the City of Melbourne. In addition, through social behavioral analysis and ethnographic research, the collective public intelligence will also help inform the stakeholders of the city for future policy-making and policing strategies for safety perception management. At the centre of the proposed platform is the design and development of a mobile phone application that can contribute to people feeling safer by supporting users to report crimes and misdemeanors that they witness, and provide information about transportation and emergency services around where the users are located. The proposed application can also act as a crime deterrent with one feature that enables user tracking by up to three nominated friends if the user opts to activate tracking when feeling unsafe while roaming the city.

HAN, C, LIU, Y, WANG, Y, LI, W-J & TANG, H-P 2011, 'Hot corrosion behavior of Ni-xCr-6.8Al based alloys', Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 2348-2357.
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Hanham, SM, Bird, TS, Hellicar, AD & Minasian, RA 2011, 'Evolved-Profile Dielectric Rod Antennas', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 1113-1122.
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Hashim, NH, Nghiem, LD, Stuetz, RM & Khan, SJ 2011, 'Enantiospecific fate of ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen in a laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor', Water Research, vol. 45, no. 18, pp. 6249-6258.
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Hill, VK, Dunwell, TL, Catchpoole, D, Krex, D, Brini, AT, Griffiths, M, Craddock, C, Maher, ER & Latif, F 2011, 'Frequent epigenetic inactivation ofKIBRA,an upstream member of the Salvador/Warts/Hippo (SWH) tumor suppressor network, is associated with specific genetic event in B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia', Epigenetics, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 326-332.
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The WW-domain containing protein KIBRA has recently been identified as a new member of the Salvador/Warts/Hippo (SWH) pathway in Drosophila and is shown to act as a tumor suppressor gene in Drosophila. This pathway is conserved in humans and members of the pathway have been shown to act as tumor suppressor genes in mammalian systems. We determined the methylation status of the 5' CpG island associated with the KIBRA gene in human cancers. In a large panel of cancer cell lines representing common epithelial cancers KIBRA was unmethylated. But in pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cell lines KIBRA showed frequent hypermethylation and silencing of gene expression, which could be reversed by treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. In ALL patient samples KIBRA was methylated in 70% B-ALL but was methylated in <20% T-ALL leukemia (p = 0.0019). In B-ALL KIBRA methylation was associated with ETV6/RUNX1 [t(12;21) (p13;q22)] chromosomal translocation (p = 0.0082) phenotype, suggesting that KIBRA may play an important role in t(12;21) leukemogenesis. In ALL paired samples at diagnosis and remission KIBRA methylation was seen in diagnostic but not in any of the remission samples accompanied by loss of KIBRA expression in disease state compared to patients in remission. Hence KIBRA methylation occurs frequently in B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia but not in epithelial cancers and is linked to specific genetic event in B-ALL. © 2011 Landes Bioscience.

Ho, D, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH, Shon, HK, Kandasamy, J, Chang, CY & Chang, JS 2011, 'Photocatalysis of trimethoprim (TRI) in water', Sustainable Environment Research, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 149-154.
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The advantage of the use of photocatalysts to treat persistent organic pollutants (POP) was demonstrated with the decomposition of trimethoprim (TRI), an antibiotic most frequently detected in municipal wastewaters and surface waters. In this study, the oxidation process by UV/TiO2 was employed as an alternative to advanced oxidation process (AOP) to remove residual antibiotics from water. High concentrations of TRI were used to study the efficiency of photocatalysis. Both batch and continuous photoreactors were used. The decomposition of TRI by TiO2/UV photooxidation occurred gradually over time. On the other hand, with UV irradiation alone, the reduction of TRI mineralization was relatively small. The effect of light intensity showed there was no significant impact of UV light intensity on the degradation of TRI in the range of increasing intensities studied. The simulation using first-order kinetics provided a good fit with the experimental data. In the continuous system, the feed flow rate was adjusted to maximize the percentage of mineralization of targeted compounds inside the photoreactor. A lower flow rate, i.e., higher detention time, achieved higher percentage of TRI mineralization. The results indicated that TiO2/UV irradiation was effective in removing TRI.

Hokmabadi, AS, Fakher, A & Fatahi, B 2011, 'Seismic Strain Wedge Model for analysis of single piles under lateral seismic loading', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 31-41.
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One of the most effective methods of analysing a single pile and pile groups under lateral loading is Strain Wedge Model (SWM). SWM has a number of advantages in comparison with traditional p-y curves, but this model could traditionally only be used to analyse piles under monotonie loads. In the present paper, SWM has been modified to consider dynamic lateral loading. Based on this new method, called Seismic Strain Wedge Model (SSWM), a computer code has been developed for lateral analysis of piles. Using this computer code, some case studies have been analysed and the results show good agreement with test data. This paper introduces SSWM as a simple and powerful solution to analyse piles under lateral seismic loading.

Ho-Pham, LT, Campbell, LV & Nguyen, TV 2011, 'More on Body Fat Cutoff Points', Mayo Clinic Proceedings, vol. 86, no. 6, pp. 584-584.
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Ho-Pham, LT, Nguyen, ND, Lai, TQ, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2011, 'Vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone in a urban population in Vietnam', Osteoporosis International, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 241-248.
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Ho-Pham, LT, T Nguyen, UD, Pham, HN, Nguyen, ND & Nguyen, TV 2011, 'Reference Ranges for Bone Mineral Density and Prevalence of Osteoporosis in Vietnamese Men and Women', BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 12, no. 1.
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Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different reference ranges in bone mineral density on the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 357 men and 870 women aged between 18 and 89 years, who were randomly sampled from various districts within Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. BMD at the femoral neck, lumbar spine and whole body was measured by DXA (Hologic QDR4500). Polynomial regression models and bootstraps method were used to determine peak BMD and standard deviation (SD). Based on the two parameters, we computed Tscores (denoted by TVN) for each individual in the study. A similar diagnosis was also done based on T-scores provided by the densitometer (TDXA), which is based on the US White population (NHANES III). We then compared the concordance between TVN and TDXA in the classification of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was defined according to the World Health Organization criteria. Results: In post-menopausal women, the prevalence of osteoporosis based on femoral neck TVN was 29%, but when the diagnosis was based on TDXA, the prevalence was 44%. In men aged 50+ years, the TVN-based prevalence of osteoporosis was 10%, which was lower than TDXA-based prevalence (30%). Among 177 women who were diagnosed with osteoporosis by TDXA, 35% were actually osteopenia by TVN. The kappa-statistic was 0.54 for women and 0.41 for men. Conclusion: These data suggest that the T-scores provided by the Hologic QDR4500 over-diagnosed osteoporosis in Vietnamese men and women. This over-diagnosis could lead to over-treatment and influence the decision of recruitment of participants in clinical trials.

Hopper, SM, Pangestu, I, Cations, J, Stewart, C, Sharwood, LN & Babl, FE 2011, 'Adolescents in mental health crisis: the role of routine follow-up calls after emergency department visits', Emergency Medicine Journal, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 159-160.
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Hossain, MJ, Hoque, MA & Islam, KK 2011, 'Simplified Fuzzy Control for Flux-Weakening Speed Control of IPMSM Drive', Advances in Fuzzy Systems, vol. 2011, pp. 1-9.
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This paper presents a simplified fuzzy logic-based speed control scheme of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) above the base speed using a flux-weakening method. In this work, nonlinear expressions ofd-axis andq-axis currents of the IPMSM have been derived and subsequently incorporated in the control algorithm for the practical purpose in order to implement fuzzy-based flux-weakening strategy to operate the motor above the base speed. The fundamentals of fuzzy logic algorithms as related to motor control applications are also illustrated. A simplified fuzzy speed controller (FLC) for the IPMSM drive has been designed and incorporated in the drive system to maintain high performance standards. The efficacy of the proposed simplified FLC-based IPMSM drive is verified by simulation at various dynamic operating conditions. The simplified FLC is found to be robust and efficient. Laboratory test results of proportional integral (PI) controller-based IPMSM drive have been compared with the simulated results of fuzzy controller-based flux-weakening IPMSM drive system.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Ramos, RA 2011, 'Robust STATCOM control for the stabilisation of fixed-speed wind turbines during low voltages', Renewable Energy, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 2897-2905.
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Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA & Ramos, RA 2011, 'Excitation control for improving transient stability limit and voltage regulation with dynamic loads', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 4971-4976.
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This paper presents a new robust control methodology to improve the power system transient stability and voltage regulation in interconnected power systems including dynamic loads. The inclusion of dynamic load model significantly increases the nonlinearity of the system. The automatic voltage regulation (AVR) and power system stabiliser (PSS) design problems are coordinated for the augmentation of stability. The nonlinear behaviour of power systems has been represented in this paper by an uncertain term, derived from the Cauchy remainder of the Taylor series expansion. An IEEE benchmark test system has been used to demonstrate the performance of the designed controller. Large disturbance simulations demonstrate that the proposed controller enhances voltage stability as well as transient stability of a power system during severe transients. © 2011 IFAC.

Hrimech, H, Alem, L & Merienne, F 2011, 'How 3D Interaction Metaphors Affect User Experience in Collaborative Virtual Environment', Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 2011, pp. 1-11.
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In this paper we presents the results of our experimental study which aims to understand the impact of three interaction 3D metaphors (ray casting, GoGo, and virtual hand) on the user experience in a semi-immersive collaborative virtual environment (the Braccetto System). For each session, participants are grouped in twos to reconstruct a puzzle by an assemblage of cubes. The puzzle to reconstruct corresponds to a gradient of colors. We found that there is a significant difference in the user experience by changing the interaction metaphor on the copresence, awareness, involvement, collaborative effort, satisfaction usability, and preference. These findings provide a basis for designing 3D navigation techniques in a CVE.

HU, H 2011, 'Dynamic Modeling and Its Sliding Controller of MR Shock Absorber under Impact Load', Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 47, no. 13, pp. 84-84.
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An MR shock absorber under impact load is investigated. A single-rod long-stroke impact absorber is developed. Based on Bingham model and its structure of MR damper under impact load, a dynamic model of MR damper under impact load is derived, which is composed of annular damping hole's friction damping force, coulomb damping force, inertia damping force, throttle damping force, structure additional damper force and other friction forces. By applying the least square algorithm, important parameters in the dynamic model are identified. Experimental results confirm the accuracy of the derived and fitted dynamic model. According to its strong nonlinearity, wide frequency range and high peak-value of acceleration characteristics of impact load, an output target tracer using sliding control strategy is designed and simulated on the basis of constructing hardware-in-the-loop platform. The control effects of three control strategies, namely, On-Off strategy, PID strategy and sliding mode control strategy, are compared and analyzed. The results show that the vibration peak value of MR impact absorber under sliding mode control strategy is reduced by 27.33%, and its piston stroke is reduced by 48.75% , thus being the most ideal control effect.

Hu, Y, Wu, C, Lukaszewicz, M, Dragos, J, Ren, J & Haskett, M 2011, 'Characteristics of Confined Blast Loading in Unvented Structures', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 21-43.
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Confined blast loading occurs in many scenarios and the effects of confined blast loading may result in more serious damage to buildings due to multiple shock reflections (Shi et al. 2009). However, spherical charges are assumed for all confined explosive-effects computations in modern standards for blast-resistant design such as UFC-3-340-02 (2008) and the soon-to-be published ASCE Standard for the Blast Protection of Buildings (ASCE forthcoming) without consideration of effects of charge shape on the distribution of reflected overpressure and impulse. As confinement is an aggravation factor of explosion effects, analysis and design of infrastructure under critical scenarios of confined blast loading should take the aggravation factor into consideration. This paper is to develop a numerical model for prediction of blast loads inside unvented structures as a result of variation of the charge shape, charge orientation, geometries and volumes of confined chambers. A finite element program, AUTODYN (Century Dynamics, 2003), is utilized extensively to generate a model which is capable of being calibrated with the experimental results conducted by Wu et al. (2010) in external conditions and by Zyskowski et al. (2004) in a confined small box. The calibrated AUTODYN model is then used to conduct parametric studies to analyze the effects of the variation of charge shape, charge orientation, chamber geometry and chamber volume on the peak reflected overpressure and impulse on the walls of the chamber. The quasi-static overpressure for fully confined blast loading is characterized and the simulated results are used to derive the relationships between the quasi-static overpressure and scaled distance for the fully confined blast loading. Discussion is made on characteristics of fully confined blast loading inside chambers.

Huang, M, Liu, Y & Sheng, D 2011, 'Simulation of yielding and stress–stain behavior of shanghai soft clay', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 341-353.
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Huang, Y, Dong, J, Jin, L, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2011, 'Eddy-Current Loss Prediction in the Rotor Magnets of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator With Modular Winding Feeding a Rectifier Load', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 4203-4206.
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In a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) with modular winding, significant eddy current may be induced in the rotor magnets due to asynchronous rotating stator magneto-motive forces (MMFs), and a rectifier load may signify the situation further. The eddy-current loss prediction in the rotor magnets of a PMSG with modular winding feeding a rectifier load is described. An analytical method considering the stator current harmonics and stator MMF spatial harmonics and a time-stepping, coupled-circuit, 2-D finite-element method (FEM) are adopted. The predicted losses obtained from these two methods are compared and investigated.

Huang, Z, Chen, X, Yisgedu, T, Meyers, EA, Shore, SG & Zhao, J-C 2011, 'Ammonium Octahydrotriborate (NH₄B₃H₈): New Synthesis, Structure, and Hydrolytic Hydrogen Release', Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 3738-3742.
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Huang, Z, Chen, X, Yisgedu, T, Zhao, J-C & Shore, SG 2011, 'High-capacity hydrogen release through hydrolysis of NaB3H8', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 7038-7042.
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Husnawan, M, Masjuki, HH & Mahlia, TMI 2011, 'The interest of combining two additives with palm olein as selected lubricant components', Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 203-209.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the effect of palm olein, amine phosphate and 4‐nonyl phenoxy acetic acid (NPAA) added to a commercial lubricant in terms of tribological properties such as wear and coefficient of friction.Design/methodology/approachA tribological study on the lubrication performance of a lubricant‐based palm oil (PO) containing anti‐wear and antioxidant combined corrosion inhibitor additive was carried out using a universal sliding wear machine. In this experiment, amine phosphate and NPAA were selected as additive to be mixed with PO (palm olein) in several concentrations and commercial lubricant 20W‐50 for the tests. Various PO blended samples with additional 1 and 3 percent additive were used in this study. The experiments were performed under 252 rpm sliding speed for 2 h where the oil temperature reached 100°C.FindingsThe analysis showed that the average wear coefficient and the mean wear scar diameter (MWSD) which is normalized to the 1.4 KPa water pressure generates lower values for the PO containing additives than 100 percent PO, commercial lubricant and their blended. The coefficients of friction and wear were also lower for the samples with additives compared to other. To consolidate the result, viscosity of used samples is checked and shows the additives improved the viscosity stability. Finally, the overall study concluded that PO‐added additives have the potential to be one of the ingredients in effective lubricant oil.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is limited to findings based on a Universal Sliding Machine Test under certain conditions. The test has been...

Hussain, O, Dillon, T, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2011, 'Probabilistic assessment of financial risk in e-business associations', SIMULATION MODELLING PRACTICE AND THEORY, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 704-717.
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Business activities are a result of carefully formed associations between different users in order to achieve certain pre-decided outcomes. Decision-making in such associations is an important step and transactional risk analysis is one of the integral processes that facilitates this step. This paper presents an approach that determines the negative consequences (termed as financial risk) of forming e-business associations. Unlike other approaches, our model captures the different types of events and their uncertainties to determine the financial risk by using the convolution operator and expressing it as a probabilistic measure rather than as a crisp financial value. Such representation makes sense as the financial risk may be determined at a point of time in future where nothing is certain. Depending upon the complexity of the problem, we explain the different ways of using the convolution operator to determine the financial risk. The simulation result shows a better representation and understanding of the financial risk that will provide important inputs to the transactional risk analysis and the decision-making process.

Hussain, W, Sohaib, O & Ali, A 2011, 'Improving Web Page Readability by Plain Language', IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 8, Issue 3, No. 1, May 2011, 315-319, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 315-319.
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In today's world anybody who wants to access any information the first choice is to use the web because it is the only source to provide easy and instant access to information. However web readers face many hurdles from web which includes load of web pages, text size, finding related information, spelling and grammar etc. However understanding of web pages written in English language creates great problems for non native readers who have basic knowledge of English. In this paper, we propose a plain language for a local language (Urdu) using English alphabets for web pages in Pakistan. For this purpose we developed two websites, one with a normal English fonts and other in a local language text scheme using English alphabets. We also conducted a questionnaire from 40 different users with a different level of English language fluency in Pakistan to gain the evidence of the practicality of our approach. The result shows that the proposed plain language text scheme using English alphabets improved the reading comprehension for non native English speakers in Pakistan.

Hussain, W, Sohaib, O, Ahmed, A & Qasim Khan, M 2011, 'Web readability factors affecting users of all ages', Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 972-977.
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With the increase in the growth of internet since 1990 WorldWide Web have gained a worldwide popularity.Web has become an ultimate source of information throughout the world. The web has been a source of information, knowledge, entertainment and carrying out different tasks such as online shopping, reservation etc. Every one finds ways to the web due to easiness of access and the bulk of information that has been available so ways to make web more attractive and easy to interact with has been an issue under discussion since its inception. In this paper we have focused how to make a webpage more usable for different age group in terms of readability. We have focused on eight eternal readability factors i.e. color contrast, white space, line spacing, font style, font size, text width, headings, graphics and animation. These eight factors are compared that how different age group people behave with the web applications by varying these eight factors. Based on literature review we have proposed an idea that how to make web more readable for people of different age groups e.g. children, teenagers and old /senior users.

HUU VU, T, ARAMVITH, S & MIYANAGA, Y 2011, 'New Error Resilience Technique Using Adaptive FMO and Intra Refresh for H.264 Video Transmission', IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, vol. E94-A, no. 8, pp. 1647-1655.
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Huyang, G, Canning, J, Aslund, ML, Naqshbandi, M, Gibson, B, Petermann, I, Stocks, D & Crossley, MJ 2011, 'Porphyrin-doped solgel-lined structured optical fibers for local and remote sensing', OPTICS LETTERS, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 1975-1977.
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We constructed a type of sensor by depositing a solgel layer within the interior holes of a silica-structured fiber and, subsequently, coating this with an acid-responsive porphyrin. Protonation of the porphyrin by an acidic gas (HCl in this case), is detected by a large change in the visible spectrum. Compared to previous work on a liquid-core sensor in a structured optical fiber, the signal-to-noise ratio of this gas sensor shows a reduced signal strength, but the detection rate is increased about fortyfold.

Iacopi, F, Choi, JH, Terashima, K, Rice, PM & Dubois, G 2011, 'Cryogenic plasmas for controlled processing of nanoporous materials', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 3634-3634.
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Indiveri, G, Linares-Barranco, B, Hamilton, TJ, Schaik, AV, Etienne-Cummings, R, Delbruck, T, Liu, S-C, Dudek, P, Häfliger, P, Renaud, S, Schemmel, J, Cauwenberghs, G, Arthur, J, Hynna, K, Folowosele, F, Saighi, S, Serrano-Gotarredona, T, Wijekoon, J, Wang, Y & Boahen, K 2011, 'Neuromorphic Silicon Neuron Circuits', Frontiers in Neuroscience, vol. 5.
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Indraratna, B, Ngo, NT & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2011, 'Behavior of geogrid-reinforced ballast under various levels of fouling', Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 313-322.
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Indraratna, B, Nguyen, VT & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2011, 'Assessing the Potential of Internal Erosion and Suffusion of Granular Soils', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 137, no. 5, pp. 550-554.
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Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Ameratunga, J & Boyle, P 2011, 'Performance and Prediction of Vacuum Combined Surcharge Consolidation at Port of Brisbane', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 137, no. 11, pp. 1009-1018.
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Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Geng, X-Y, McIntosh, G & Kelly, R 2011, 'Soft Soils Improved by Prefabricated Vertical Drains: Performance and Prediction', Soils and Rocks, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 379-388.
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The use of prefabricated vertical drains with vacuum preloading and surcharge preloading is now common practice and is proving to be one of the most effective ground improvement techniques known. The factors affecting its performance, such as the smear zone, the drain influence zone, and drain unsaturation, are discussed in this paper. In order to evaluate these effects a large scale consolidation test was conducted and it was found that the proposed Cavity Expansion Moreover, the procedure for converting an equivalent 2-D plane strain multi-drain analysis that considers the smear zone and vacuum pressure are also described. The conversion procedure was incorporated into finite element codes using a modified Cam-clay theory. Numerical analysis was conducted to predict excess pore pressure and lateral and vertical displacement. Three case histories are analyzed and discussed, including the sites of Muar clay (Malaysia), the Second Bangkok International Airport (Thailand), and the Sandgate railway line (Australia). The predictions were then compared with the available field data, which include settlement, excess pore pressure, and lateral displacement. Further findings verified that smear, drain unsaturation, and vacuum distribution can significantly influence consolidation so they must be modeled appropriately in any numerical analysis to obtain reliable predictions.

Indraratna, B, Su, L-J & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2011, 'A new parameter for classification and evaluation of railway ballast fouling', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 322-326.
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The physical condition of railway ballast should be regularly inspected and accordingly, ballast cleaning should be carried out to maintain the safe operation of a track. This paper reviews current methods commonly used for evaluating the degree of ballast fouling, and due to their limitations, a new parameter — “relative ballast fouling ratio”— is proposed. Categories of fouling based on the proposed method are derived from the particle gradation curves taken from past literature. Comparisons between these methods demonstrate that the newly proposed relative ballast fouling ratio would best represent the influence of the type and gradation of fouling material.

Ip, KH, Stuart, B, Ray, A & Thomas, P 2011, 'ESEM-EDS Investigation of the Weathering of a Heritage Sydney Sandstone', Microscopy and Microanalysis, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 292-295.
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AbstractThe degradation of Sydney sandstone used to build the heritage St Mary's Cathedral in Sydney, Australia, has been investigated using environmental scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. This technique provided the structural details of the cementing clay and an elemental characterization the sandstone. The observed differences in the elemental composition of the unweathered and weathered sandstones were associated with changes to the clay microstructure upon weathering. The results support the substitution theory that Fe3+ replaces Al3+ in the kaolinite clay component upon weathering. An examination of the impurities present prior to a nonstructural iron removal treatment revealed the presence of minerals that may provide a source of the elements responsible for the substitution process.

Ip, KH, Stuart, BH, Thomas, PS & Ray, A 2011, 'Characterisation of poly(vinyl alcohol)-montmorillonite composites with higher clay contents', POLYMER TESTING, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 732-736.
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Polymer composites comprised of poly(vinyl alcohol) and montmorillonite with higher clay loadings have been prepared and characterised. The extent of intercalation in the composites was examined over a range of compositions using scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. The incorporation of an acidification step followed by washing the clay results in a homogenous polymer-clay film. The source of montmorillonite was found to have an effect on the morphology of the clay in the resulting composite. Montmorillonite was obtained from two sources and different clay structures within the polymer clay composites were identified in each case, indicating that the choice of clay is an important consideration when producing poly(vinyl alcohol) montmorillonite composites with higher clay content.

Iqbal, MA, Dai, B, Huang, B, Hassan, A & Yu, S 2011, 'Survey of network coding-aware routing protocols in wireless networks', Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1956-1970.
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Islam, R, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Jin, J 2011, 'Design and Fabrication of a Microcontroller Based Maximum Power Point Tracker for Renewable Energy Systems', Journal of Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetics, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 17-23.
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Maximization of power from a solar photovoltaic (PV) module is of special interest considering the low efficiency of the solar PV system (10-17%) and the high panel cost (57% the system cost). The presented work describes the design of a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for the solar PV systems. The design consists of a DC to DC boost converter and a control section that uses the ATmega32 microcontroller. The incremental conductance method with some modification is used as an algorithm to track the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV array. By using this algorithm the MPPT is able to track the maximum power point of the PV array quickly under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. The simulation studies are carried out in PROTEUS ISIS. The program is written in C and then is compiled by a freeware version C compiler WinAVR. The power tracker is developed and tested in the laboratory. It is observed that, the use of the MPPT enhances the output power by 20%.

Jain, R, Ji, Z, Upadhyay, S & Watrous, J 2011, 'QIP = PSPACE', Journal of the ACM, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 1-27.
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This work considers the quantum interactive proof system model of computation, which is the (classical) interactive proof system model’s natural quantum computational analogue. An exact characterization of the expressive power of quantum interactive proof systems is obtained: the collection of computational problems having quantum interactive proof systems consists precisely of those problems solvable by deterministic Turing machines that use at most a polynomial amount of space (or, more succinctly, QIP = PSPACE). This characterization is proved through the use of a parallelized form of the matrix multiplicative weights update method, applied to a class of semidefinite programs that captures the computational power of quantum interactive proof systems. One striking implication of this characterization is that quantum computing provides no increase in computational power whatsoever over classical computing in the context of interactive proof systems, for it is well known that the collection of computational problems having classical interactive proof systems coincides with those problems solvable by polynomial-space computations.

Jamdagni, A, Tan, T, Nanda, P, He, S & Liu, R 2011, 'Mahalanobis Distance Map Approach for Anomaly Detection of Web-Based Attacks', Journal of Network Forensics, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 25-39.
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Web serverss and web-based applications are commonly used attack targets. The main issue are how to prevent unauthorized access and to protect web server from the attack. Intrusion Detection Systems and networks. This paper focuses on the detection of various web-based attacks using Geometrical Structure Anomaly Detectin (GSAD) model. Further, a novel algorithm is proposed using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) for the selection of most discriminating features to reduce the computational complexity of payload-based GSAD model. GSAD model is based on a pattern recognition technique used in image payload features to calculate the difference between normal and abnormal network traffice. GSAD model is evaluated experimentally on the real attacks (GATECH) dataset and on the DARPA 1999 dataset.

Jannot, G, Bajan, S, Giguère, NJ, Bouasker, S, Banville, IH, Piquet, S, Hutvagner, G & Simard, MJ 2011, 'The ribosomal protein RACK1 is required for microRNA function in both C. elegans and humans', EMBO reports, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 581-586.
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Despite the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in gene regulation, it is unclear how the miRNA-Argonaute complex-or miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC)-can regulate the translation of their targets in such diverse ways. We demonstrate here a direct in

Jap, BT, Lal, S & Fischer, P 2011, 'Comparing combinations of EEG activity in train drivers during monotonous driving', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 996-1003.
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This study investigated the changes in electroencephalography (EEG) activity in train drivers during a monotonous train-driving session. Four combinations of EEG activities were also compared to investigate the difference in performance of these equation

Jayawardhana, M, Zhu, X & Liyanapathirana, R 2011, 'An experimental study on distributed damage detection algorithms for structural health monitoring', Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 305, pp. 012068-012068.
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Jayed, MH, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Mahlia, TMI, Husnawan, M & Liaquat, AM 2011, 'Prospects of dedicated biodiesel engine vehicles in Malaysia and Indonesia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 220-235.
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Jegatheesan, V, Shu, L, Nghiem, LD, Shon, HK & Chang, C-Y 2011, 'Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering CESE-2010 26 September-1 October 2010, The Sebel, Cairns, Queensland, Australia Total Water Management for the Sustainability of Freshwater in the Future', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 1-3.
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Jeong, S, Nateghi, F, Nguyen, TV, Vigneswaran, S & Tu, TA 2011, 'Pretreatment for seawater desalination by flocculation: Performance of modified poly ferric silicate (PFSi-delta) and ferric chloride as flocculants', DESALINATION, vol. 283, pp. 106-110.
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Submerged microfiltration system coupled with in-line flocculation as pretreatment for seawater reverse osmosis has the potential to remove organic compounds and mitigate fouling. The effect of flocculation on the performance of microfiltration (MF) was investigated using two flocculants, namely, modified poly ferric silicate (PFSi-δ) and ferric chloride (FeCl3). The experimental results were analysed in terms of organic removal efficiency and critical flux. Both PFSi-δ and FeCl3 were found to be suitable as pretreatment because of their capacity in removing organic compounds. The results show that PFSi-δ was better than FeCl3 in terms of removing turbidity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particularly in removing hydrophilic compounds. The highest DOC removals of 68% and 57% were obtained when PFSi-δ at a dose of 1.2 mg Fe3+/L and FeCl3 at 3 mg Fe3+/L were used, respectively. It was observed that PFSi-δ (1.2 mg Fe3+/L) and FeCl3 (3 mg Fe3+/L) led to an increase of critical flux from 20 L/m2 h to 35 L/m2 h and 55 L/m2 h, respectively.

Jeong, S, Nguyen, TV & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Submerged membrane coagulation hybrid system as pretreatment to organic matter removal from seawater', Water Supply, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 352-357.
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In this study, a commonly used ferric chloride was utilised as coagulant for removing organic compounds from seawater. More than 57% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was removed at optimum dosage of 3 mg Fe+3/L. The coagulation by FeCl3 at optimum dosage could remove a majority (95%) of hydrophobic compounds. The results from Liquid Chromatography – Organic Carbon Detector showed that only &lt;0.02 mg/L of hydrophobic compounds was found after coagulation. In addition, the modified fouling index decreased considerably from 15,848 s/L2 with raw seawater to 3,025 s/L2 with seawater after coagulation. In-line coagulation coupled with submerged membrane system (ICSMS) was also trialled. It is observed that critical flux was increased from 20 L/m2·h in the conventional submerged membrane system to 55 L/m2 h in ICSMS. The ICSMS could remain the high DOC removal efficiency (more than 70%) at filtration rate of 20 L/m2 h when keeping the development of trans-membrane pressure was significant lower than that of conventional submerged membrane system.

Ji, JC & Zhang, N 2011, 'Suppression of super-harmonic resonance response using a linear vibration absorber', MECHANICS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 411-416.
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Super-harmonic resonances may appear in the forced response of a weakly nonlinear oscillator having cubic nonlinearity, when the forcing frequency is approximately equal to one-third of the linearized natural frequency. Under super-harmonic resonance conditions, the frequency response curve of the amplitude of the free-oscillation terms may exhibit saddle-node bifurcations, jump and hysteresis phenomena. A linear vibration absorber is used to suppress the super-harmonic resonance response of a cubically nonlinear oscillator with external excitation. The absorber can be considered as a small mass-spring-damper oscillator and thus does not adversely affect the dynamic performance of the nonlinear primary oscillator. It is shown that such a vibration absorber is effective in suppressing the superharmonic resonance response and eliminating saddle-node bifurcations and jump phenomena of the nonlinear oscillator. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the absorber in attenuating the super-harmonic resonance response.

Ji, Z, Wei, Z & Zeng, B 2011, 'Complete characterization of the ground-space structure of two-body frustration-free Hamiltonians for qubits', Physical Review A, vol. 84, no. 4.
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Jiang, Y, He, X, Lin, F & Jia, W 2011, 'An Encoding and Labeling Scheme Based on Continued Fraction for Dynamic XML', Journal of Software, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 2043-2049.
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Much research about labeling schemes has been conducted to efficiently determine the ancestor-descendant relationships and the document-order between any two random XML nodes without re-labeling for updates. In this paper, we present an efficient XML encoding and labeling scheme for dynamic XML document, named Continued Fraction-based Encoding (CFE). The proposed CFE scheme labels nodes with continued fractions and has the following three important properties: (1) CFE codes can be inserted between any two consecutive CFE codes with the orders kept and without re-encoding the existing nodes; (2) CFE is orthogonal to specific labeling schemes, thus it can be applied broadly to different labeling schemes or other applications to efficiently process the updates; (3) CFE supports all structural relationships query in XPath. Two test data sets were built for evaluation. The experimental results show that CFE provides fairly reasonable XML query processing performance while completely avoiding relabeling for updates.

Jianjun Liu, Esselle, KP, Hay, SG & Shunshi Zhong 2011, 'Achieving Ratio Bandwidth of 25:1 From a Printed Antenna Using a Tapered Semi-Ring Feed', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, pp. 1333-1336.
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Jin, J, Zheng, L, Guo, Y, Xu, W & Zhu, J 2011, 'Analysis and experimental validation of an HTS linear synchronous propulsion prototype with HTS magnetic suspension', Physica C: Superconductivity, vol. 471, no. 17-18, pp. 520-527.
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A high temperature superconducting (HTS) linear propulsion system composed of a single-sided HTS linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) in its middle and HTS magnetic suspension sub-systems on both sides has been developed. The HTSLSM uses an HTS bulk magnet array on the moving secondary, and the fieldtrapped characteristics of the HTS bulk using different magnetized methods have been measured and compared to identify their magnetization capability. In order to generate a large levitation force for the system, three different types of permanent magnet guideways (PMGs) have been numerically analyzed and experimentally verified to obtain an optimal PMG. Based on comprehensive experimental prototype tests, the results show that the HTS linear propulsion system can run with stable magnetic suspension having a constant air-gap length, and the thrust characteristics versus the exciting current, working frequency and the air-gap length have also been obtained. This work forms the basis for developing a practical HTS linear propulsion system by using HTS bulks both for propulsion and suspension.

Jin, J, Zheng, L, Xu, W, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2011, 'Influence of external traveling-wave magnetic field on trapped field of a high temperature superconducting bulk magnet used in a linear synchronous motor', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 11, pp. 113913-113913.
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A single-sided high temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) has been developed with a pulse magnetization system to obtain the HTS bulk magnet array with alternating magnetic poles for the motor secondary. In order to identify the trapped field characteristics of the HTS bulk magnet exposed to the external traveling-wave magnetic field generated by the primary of the HTSLSM, a measurement system has been built up and the relevant experiments have been carried out. The relationships between the trapped field attenuation of the HTS bulk magnet and the amplitude, frequency and acting direction of the external traveling-wave magnetic field are experimentally obtained to allow the HTSLSM characteristics to be practically verified.

Jin, J, Zheng, L, Xu, W, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2011, 'Thrust characteristics of a double-sided high temperature superconducting linear synchronous motor with a high temperature superconducting magnetic suspension system', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 7, pp. 073916-073916.
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An electromagnetic design of a double-sided high temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) with an HTS bulk magnet secondary is introduced in this paper. A HTS magnetic suspension system is applied to replace the sliding rail to

Jin, JX, Zheng, LH, Guo, YG & Zhu, JG 2011, 'Performance Characteristics of an HTS Linear Synchronous Motor With HTS Bulk Magnet Secondary', IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 2469-2477.
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A single-sided high-temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) with an HTS bulk magnet array as its secondary has been developed, and a split pulse coil magnetization system is used to magnetize the secondary HTS bulks with alternating magnetic poles. The electromagnetic parameters of the HTSLSM have been calculated to verify its performance. The HTSLSM is incorporated with a developed control system based on the voltage space vector pulsewidth modulation strategy implemented by a computer-software-controlled platform. A compositive experimental testing system has also been developed to measure the thrust and normal force of the HTSLSM. The traits of the thrust and normal force have been comprehensively identi?ed experimentally, and the results from the experiments and analysis would bene?t the electromagnetic design and the control scheme development for the HTSLSM.

Johansson, M, Fhager, A, Lui, H-S & Persson, M 2011, 'COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO PHASE-RETRIEVAL METHODS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC SOURCE MODELING', Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 30, no. 30, pp. 239-253.
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Phase-retrieval from measured phaseless field data is of interest for various applications including electromagnetic dosimetry, electromagnetic compatibility investigations, near-field to far-field transformations and antenna diagnostics. In this study two phase-retrieval methods, namely the adjoint field method and the phase angle gradient method, are compared using 3D numerical test cases. The methods were previously presented by us, but the adjoint field method was at that time only implemented in 2D. In this study the adjoint field method has been extended to 3D, which makes it possible to test the method for more realistic test cases and to compare it with the phase angle gradient method. The results show that the phase angle gradient method is able to retrieve the phase with better accuracy than the adjoint field method. Moreover it gives results that agree well with correct phase. The phase angle gradient method was also tested with measured magnetic field. The obtained phase angles on a measurement plane in front of the source gave calculated field amplitudes that agree well with measured field.

Johir, MAH, Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Grasmick, A 2011, 'Influence of supporting media in suspension on membrane fouling reduction in submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR)', Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 374, no. 1-2, pp. 121-128.
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In this study, the SMBR was compared in terms of membrane fouling with and without the addition of suspended medium in the membrane reactor. The effectiveness of medium in suspension in submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) was evaluated at different filt

Johir, MAH, George, J, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Grasmick, A 2011, 'Removal and recovery of nutrients by ion exchange from high rate membrane bio-reactor (MBR) effluent', Desalination, vol. 275, no. 1-3, pp. 197-202.
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In this study a membrane bioreactor (MBR) with ion-exchange as post-treatment was investigated for organic removal and nutrient recovery. The MBR was operated at a short HRT of 4 h in order to mainly remove organic carbon. This was followed by an ion-exchange process to remove and later recover the nitrogen and phosphorus from the MBR effluent. The increase in membrane resistance was reduced by 90% (from 0.061 to 0.006 m-1d-1) when the air scouring rate was increased from 0.5 to 1.5 m3/m2 membrane area h. The organic removal rate in terms of DOC was 85â90%. The bio-polymer in the molecular weight range of 24,500 Da was retained by the membrane of the MBR while humic type substances and lower molecular organic matter (molecular weight of 360â60 Da) were not effectively removed by the membrane. The ion-exchange process effectively removed the nutrients from the effluent of the MBR. The retention of PO4 3â and NO3 â by the two ion-exchange columns in series was 85% and 95% respectively. Over 95â98% phosphate and nitrate recovery was obtained during regeneration of columns with 1% NaCl of 20 bed volumes. This integrated process can remove pollutants and at the same time recover nutrients and thus open a new source for nitrogen and phosphorous.

Johnston, M & Hutvagner, G 2011, 'Posttranslational modification of Argonautes and their role in small RNA-mediated gene regulation', Silence, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 5-5.
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Shortly after their discovery, repertoires of miRNA were identified, together with proteins involved in their biogenesis and action. It is now obvious that miRNA-mediated gene regulation itself is regulated at multiple levels. Identifying the regulatory mechanisms that underpin small RNA homeostasis by modulation of their biogenesis and action has become a key issue, which can be partly resolved by identifying mediators of Argonautes turnover. An emerging theme in the control of Argonaute stability and activity is through posttranslational modifications, which are the focus of this review.

Juang, C-F & Chang, Y-C 2011, 'Evolutionary-Group-Based Particle-Swarm-Optimized Fuzzy Controller With Application to Mobile-Robot Navigation in Unknown Environments', IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 379-392.
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Juang, C-F, Chang, Y-C & Hsiao, C-M 2011, 'Evolving Gaits of a Hexapod Robot by Recurrent Neural Networks With Symbiotic Species-Based Particle Swarm Optimization', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 3110-3119.
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Kadlec, P & Gabrys, B 2011, 'Local learning-based adaptive soft sensor for catalyst activation prediction', AIChE Journal, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 1288-1301.
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Kadlec, P, Grbić, R & Gabrys, B 2011, 'Review of adaptation mechanisms for data-driven soft sensors', Computers & Chemical Engineering, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 1-24.
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Kalam, MA & Masjuki, HH 2011, 'An experimental investigation of high performance natural gas engine with direct injection', Energy, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 3563-3571.
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Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH, Jayed, MH & Liaquat, AM 2011, 'Emission and performance characteristics of an indirect ignition diesel engine fuelled with waste cooking oil', Energy, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 397-402.
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KANO, H, YOSHIZAWA, S, GUNJI, T, OKAMOTO, S, TAWARAYAMA, M & MIYANAGA, Y 2011, 'Development and Outdoor Evaluation of an Experimental Platform in an 80-MHz Bandwidth 2&times;2 MIMO-OFDM System in 5.2-GHz Band', IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, vol. E94.D, no. 12, pp. 2400-2408.
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Kedziora, DJ, Ankiewicz, A & Akhmediev, N 2011, 'Circular rogue wave clusters', Physical Review E, vol. 84, no. 5.
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Kedziora, DJ, Garsden, H & Lewis, GF 2011, 'Gravitational microlensing as a probe of the electron-scattering region in Q2237+0305★', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 415, no. 2, pp. 1409-1418.
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Kennard, R & Leaney, J 2011, 'Is there convergence in the field of UI generation?', JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE, vol. 84, no. 12, pp. 2079-2087.
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For many software projects, the construction of the User Interface (UI) consumes a significant proportion of their development time. Any degree of automation in this area therefore has clear benefits. But it is difficult to achieve such automation in a way that will be widely adopted by industry because of the diversity of UIs, software architectures, platforms and development environments. In a previous article, the authors identified five key characteristics any UI generator would need in order to address this diversity. We asserted that, without these characteristics, a UI generator should not expect wide industry adoption or standardisation. We supported this assertion with evidence from industry adoption studies. A further source of validation would be to see if other research teams, who were also conducting industry field trials, were independently converging on this same set of characteristics. Conversely, it would be instructive if they were found to be converging on a different set of characteristics. In this article, the authors look for such evidence of convergence by interviewing the team behind one of the research community's most significant UI generators: Naked Objects. We observe strong signs of convergence, which we believe signal the beginning of a general purpose architecture for UI generation, one that both industry and the research community could standardise upon.

Keshavarz, R, Movahhedi, M, Hakimi, A & Abdipour, A 2011, 'A Novel Broad Bandwidth and Compact Backward Coupler with High Couplinglevel', Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 25, no. 2-3, pp. 283-293.
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Kha, HH, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, TQ 2011, 'Optimal Design of FIR Triplet Halfband Filter Bank and Application in Image Coding', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 586-591.
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This correspondence proposes an efficient semidefinite programming (SDP) method for the design of a class of linear phase finite impulse response triplet halfband filter banks whose filters have optimal frequency selectivity for a prescribed regularity o

Khalilpour, R & Abbas, A 2011, 'HEN optimization for efficient retrofitting of coal-fired power plants with post-combustion carbon capture', International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 189-199.
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Khalilpour, R & Karimi, IA 2011, 'Investment portfolios under uncertainty for utilizing natural gas resources.', Comput. Chem. Eng., vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 1827-1837.
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Khalilpour, R & Karimi, IA 2011, 'Selection of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Contracts for Minimizing Procurement Cost', Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 50, no. 17, pp. 10298-10312.
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Khan, I, François, R & Castel, A 2011, 'Mechanical Behavior of Long-Term Corroded Reinforced Concrete Beam', MODELLING OF CORRODING CONCRETE STRUCTURES, vol. 5, pp. 243-258.
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Khorshed, C, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Aryal, R & Dharmapalan, D 2011, 'Assessment of water treatment processes: detailed organic matter characterisation and membrane fouling indices at the Loddon Water Treatment Plant, Victoria, Australia', Water Supply, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 274-280.
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Recent advances in membrane technology have led to its broad application, and reverse osmosis (RO) systems now represent the fastest growing segment of the desalination market. Its performance is hindered by membrane fouling. In this study pre-treatment methods to reduce RO fouling were investigated including flocculation, adsorption and ion exchange. Detailed organic characterisations were made in terms of florescence spectroscopy excitation emission matrix (EEM), UV254 absorbance and liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection (LCOCD). The different pre-treatment methods were assessed in terms of the fouling potential. This was quantified in terms of the modified fouling index measured using a dead-end cell micro-filtration (MF) unit. The existing pre-treatment of granular activated carbon (GAC) filter led to a good organic removal. Among the pre-treatment methods tested in the laboratory, purolite ion exchange/adsorption was found to be better than FeCl3 flocculation in terms of the amount as well as the wide range of organics removal. A pre-treatment of flocculation with Poly-ferric-silicate (PFSi) as flocculent gave a higher removal of organic matter compared to other pre-treatments tested. DOC was reduced from 11.5 to 4.25 mg/L, and it removed mostly the humic type substances.

Khushaba, RN, Kodagoda, S, Lal, S & Dissanayake, G 2011, 'Driver Drowsiness Classification Using Fuzzy Wavelet-Packet-Based Feature-Extraction Algorithm', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 121-131.
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Driver drowsiness and loss of vigilance are a major cause of road accidents. Monitoring physiological signals while driving provides the possibility of detecting and warning of drowsiness and fatigue. The aim of this paper is to maximize the amount of drowsiness-related information extracted from a set of electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals during a simulation driving test. Specifically, we develop an efficient fuzzy mutual-information (MI)- based wavelet packet transform (FMIWPT) feature-extraction method for classifying the driver drowsiness state into one of predefined drowsiness levels. The proposed method estimates the required MI using a novel approach based on fuzzy memberships providing an accurate-information content-estimation measure. The quality of the extracted features was assessed on datasets collected from 31 drivers on a simulation test. The experimental results proved the significance of FMIWPT in extracting features that highly correlate with the different drowsiness levels achieving a classification accuracy of 95%-97% on an average across all subjects.

Kiani, GI & Bird, TS 2011, 'ASK modulator based on switchable FSS for THz applications', Radio Science, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. n/a-n/a.
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Kiani, GI, Olsson, LG, Karlsson, A, Esselle, KP & Nilsson, M 2011, 'Cross-Dipole Bandpass Frequency Selective Surface for Energy-Saving Glass Used in Buildings', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 520-525.
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Kieferova, M & Nagaj, D 2011, 'Quantum Walks on Necklaces and Mixing', Issue, vol. 2, p. 1250025.
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We analyze continuous-time quantum walks on necklace graphs - cyclical graphs consisting of many copies of a smaller graph (pearl). Using a Bloch-type ansatz for the eigenfunctions, we block-diagonalize the Hamiltonian, reducing the effective size of the problem to the size of a single pearl. We then present a general approach for showing that the mixing time scales (with growing size of the necklace) similarly to that of a simple walk on a cycle. Finally, we present results for mixing on several necklace graphs.

Kim, DH, Shon, HK, Sharma, G & Cho, J 2011, 'Charge effect of natural organic matter for ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes', JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 109-113.
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Natural organic matter (NOM) is one of the major membrane foulant during the ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) processes of water and wastewater treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of membrane and NOM charge on NOM removal efficiency and membrane fouling. Fractions of NOM including colloidal organic matter (COM), hydrophobic NOM (HP-NOM) and transphillic NOM (TL-NOM) were isolated from Nakdong river in Korea and filtered through UF and NF membranes under various pH conditions to control membrane and NOM charge using the bench-scale cross-flow filtration unit. Each NOM fraction has a different size and functionality. Each UF and NF charge affected NOM removal and membrane fouling. Membrane charge of UF affected both membrane fouling and NOM removal of charged NOM and non-charged NOM. However, membrane charge of NF affected both membrane fouling and NOM removal efficiency of charged NOM while it was not influenced by that of non-charged NOM.

Kim, J-H, Cho, DL, Kim, G-J, Gao, B & Shon, HK 2011, 'Titania Nanomaterials Produced from Ti-Salt Flocculated Sludge in Water Treatment', Catalysis Surveys from Asia, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 117-126.
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Titania is the most widely used metal oxide for the applications of pigments, paper, solar cells and environmental purification. In order to meet the demand of a large amount of titania, our group has developed a novel process which could significantly lower the cost of waste disposal in water treatment, protect the environment and public health and yield economically valuable titania. Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) or titanium sulfate (Ti(SO4)2) as an alternative coagulant in water treatment has been explored for the removal of various pollutants from contaminated water or wastewater. Flocculation efficiencies of the Ti-salts were superior to those of Al- and Fe- salts with additional benefits in that a large amount of titania can be produced by calcinating the flocculated floc. The produced titania showed high photocatalytic activity for the removal of volatile organic compounds. The large amount of titania can be applied to pigments, environment and construction materials which require a lot of titania usages. This review paper presents an historical progress from fundamental to application in terms of the detailed production process, characterization, photoactivity of titania produced from Ti-salt flocculated sludge, and its various applications.

Kiss, A, Hai, FI & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Roadside rest area wastewater treatment system: Performance evaluation and improvement', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 389-396.
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Kreit, A, Al-Mahmoud, F, Castel, A & François, R 2011, 'Repairing corroded RC beam with near-surface mounted CFRP rods', Materials and Structures, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 1205-1217.
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Krunz, M & Manzi, D 2011, 'Channel access and traffic control for dynamic-spectrum networks with single-transmit, dual-receive radios', Computer Communications, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 935-947.
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Kus, B, Kandasamy, J, Vigneswaran, S, Shon, HK & Areerachakul, N 2011, 'Water quality of membrane filtered rainwater', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 208-213.
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Although most Australians receive their domestic supply from reticulated mains or town water, there are vast areas with very low population densities and few reticulated supplies. In many of these areas rainwater collected in tanks is the primary source of drinking water. Heavy metals are a concern as their concentration in rainwater tanks was found to exceed recommended levels suitable for human consumption. This paper reports on experimental investigations where rainwater collected from a typical domestic roof in Sydney, Australia was treated in two stages of filtration including granular activated carbon (GAC) as a pre-treatment adsorption filter media and a metallic membrane from Steri-flow Filtration Systems Pty. Ltd. The quality of the treated rainwater was compared against the drinking water standards to determine its suitability as a supplement for potable water supply. The pollutants analysed were heavy metals, total coliform and faecal coliforms, total organic carbon, total suspended solids and turbidity. The results indicate that before treatment, the rainwater already complied with many of the parameters specified in drinking water standards. The metallic membrane performed well in removing suspended particles and heavy metals from the rainwater. The performance of the metallic membrane is greatly improved by the use of pre-treatment such as GAC which was used in this experiment.

Kus, BG, Kandasamy, JK, Vigneswaran, S & Shon, H 2011, 'Water Quality in Rainwater Tanks in Rural and Metropolitan Areas of New South Wales, Australia', Journal of Water Sustainability, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 33-43.
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This paper compares the water quality of rainwater tanks throughout the Sydney metropolitan area to that in rural New South Wales, Australia. The water quality is compared against the Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling (AGWR) to determine if the untreated rainwater from both areas can be considered suitable for non-potable water supply without filtration. Additionally this paper reports on a set of experiments where rainwater collected from a typical domestic roof in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia was treated by a pre-treatment of granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption filter followed by micro-filtration. The GAC column removed the pollutants through an adsorption mechanism. GAC is a macroporous solid with a very large surface area providing many sites for adsorption and it is this property that makes it an efficient adsorbent. The parameters analysed were ammonia, anions and cations, heavy metals, nitrate and nitrite, pH, total hardness, total organic carbon, total suspended solids and turbidity. The results indicate that before treatment, the rainwater already complied to many of the parameters specified in the AGWR, certain pollutants have the potential at times to exceed the AGWR. The water quality was within the AGWR limits after the treatment. The micro- filtration flux values demonstrate that rainwater was able to be filtered through the membranes under low gravitational heads that are typically available in a rainwater tank while still producing sufficient membrane flux and pollutant removal rates.

Kwok, NM, Jia, X, Wang, D, Chen, SY, Fang, G & Ha, QP 2011, 'Visual impact enhancement via image histogram smoothing and continuous intensity relocation', COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 681-694.
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Image contrast enhancement is a fundamental pre-processing stage in applications requiring image processing operations. Among revenues of available approaches, histogram equalization is a popular and attractive candidate method to produce resultant images of increased contrast. However, images obtained from canonical histogram equalization frequently suffer from the accompanying artefacts and give rises to uncomfortable viewing particularly in homogeneous regions. In this work, the problem is tackled using the histogram matching concept where the intensity histogram of the input image is matched to its smoothed version for contrast enhancement. Furthermore, homogeneous pixel intensities are randomly perturbed in order to reduce undesirable artefacts. The resultant image intensities are thus distributed over the available range and an increased image contrast is derived. Satisfactory results are obtained from a collection of benchmark images captured under different conditions to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Lancry, M, Groothoff, N, Poumellec, B, Guizard, S, Fedorov, N & Canning, J 2011, 'Time-resolved plasma measurements in Ge-doped silica exposed to infrared femtosecond laser', PHYSICAL REVIEW B, vol. 84, no. 24.
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Langsetmo, L, Nguyen, TV, Nguyen, ND, Kovacs, CS, Prior, JC, Center, JR, Morin, S, Josse, RG, Adachi, JD, Hanley, DA & Eisman, JA 2011, 'Independent external validation of nomograms for predicting risk of low-trauma fracture and hip fracture', Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 183, no. 2, pp. E107-E114.
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Lazos, L & Krunz, M 2011, 'Selective jamming/dropping insider attacks in wireless mesh networks', IEEE Network, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 30-34.
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Lee, HJ, Hinshelwood, RA, Bouras, T, Gallego-Ortega, D, Valdés-Mora, F, Blazek, K, Visvader, JE, Clark, SJ & Ormandy, CJ 2011, 'Lineage Specific Methylation of the Elf5 Promoter in Mammary Epithelial Cells', Stem Cells, vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 1611-1619.
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Abstract Recent characterization of mammary stem and progenitor cells has improved our understanding of the transcriptional network that coordinates mammary development; however, little is known about the mechanisms that enforce lineage commitment and prevent transdifferentiation in the mammary gland. The E-twenty six transcription factor Elf5 forces the differentiation of mammary luminal progenitor cells to establish the milk producing alveolar lineage. Methylation of the Elf5 promoter has been proposed to act as a lineage gatekeeper during embryonic development. We used bisulphite sequencing to investigate in detail whether Elf5 promoter methylation plays a role in lineage commitment during mammary development. An increase in Elf5 expression was associated with decreasing Elf5 promoter methylation in differentiating HC11 mammary cells. Similarly, purified mammary epithelial cells from mice had increased Elf5 expression and decreased promoter methylation during pregnancy. Finally, analysis of epithelial subpopulations revealed that the Elf5 promoter is methylated and silenced in the basal, stem cell-containing population relative to luminal cells. These results demonstrate that Elf5 promoter methylation is lineage-specific and developmentally regulated in the mammary gland in vivo, and suggest that loss of Elf5 methylation specifies the mammary luminal lineage, while continued Elf5 methylation maintains the stem cell and myoepithelial lineages.

Lee, JH, Guan, H, Loo, YC, Blumenstein, M & Wang, XP 2011, 'Modelling Long-Term Bridge Deterioration at Structural Member Level Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques', Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 99-100, pp. 444-453.
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Efficient use of public funds for structural integrity of bridge networks requires an effective bridge asset management technology. To achieve this, a reliable deterioration model is essential in any Bridge Management System (BMS). The deterioration rate is calculated based on historical condition ratings obtained from the structural element-level bridge inspections. Although most bridge authorities have previously conducted inspection and maintenance tasks, these past inspection records are incompatible with what are required by a typical BMS as input. Such incompatibility is a major cause for the deficiency of the current BMS outcomes. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based bridge deterioration model has recently been developed to minimise uncertainties in predicting deterioration of structural bridge members (e.g. beams, piers etc). This model contains two components: (1) using Neural Network-based Backward Prediction Model (BPM) to generate unavailable historical condition ratings; and (2) using Time Delay Neural Network (TDNN) to perform long-term performance prediction of bridge structural members. However new problems have emerged in the process of TDNN prediction. This is because the BPM-generated condition ratings are used together with the actual condition ratings. The incompatibility between the two sets of data produces unreliable prediction outcomes during the TDNN process. This research is thus to develop a new process based on the existing method, thereby overcoming the abovementioned problems. To achieve this, the actual overall condition ratings are replaced by the BPM forward predicted condition ratings. Consequently, the outcome of this study can improve accuracy of long-term bridge deterioration prediction.

Lee, JH, Zhou, JL & Kim, SD 2011, 'Effects of biodegradation and sorption by humic acid on the estrogenicity of 17β-estradiol', Chemosphere, vol. 85, no. 8, pp. 1383-1389.
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The removal of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) by biodegradation and sorption onto humic acid (HA) was examined at various HA concentrations. Subsequently, estrogenicity associated with E2 removal was estimated using E-screen bioassay. Results showed that E2 biodegradation and its subsequent transformation to estrone (E1) were significantly reduced with increasing HA concentration. In addition, the presence of nutrients enhanced the biodegradation of E2. Overall, E2 biodegradation was the dominating contributor to its removal, which demonstrated a significantly negative correlation with E2 sorption at various HA concentrations. The sorption of E2 by HA was significantly enhanced with increasing HA concentration. Estrogenicity associated with residual E2 showed that there existed a significant difference among various HA concentrations, with the lowest value in the absence of HA. The findings suggest that the presence of HA and nutrients in natural waters should be considered in assessing estrogenicity of environmental samples due to complex sorption and biodegradation processes

Lee, S, Kim, K, Shon, HK, Kim, SD & Cho, J 2011, 'Biotoxicity of nanoparticles: effect of natural organic matter', JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 3051-3061.
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Various natural organic matters (NOM) with different characteristics in aquatic environment may affect toxicity of leased nanoparticles, owing to interactions between NOM and nanoparticles. This study investigated the effect of NOM and physical characteristics of the effluent organic matter (EfOM) on the ecotoxicity of quantum dots (QD) using Daphnia magna. Organic matter samples were obtained from: Yeongsan River (YR-NOM), Dongbuk Lake (DL-NOM), Damyang wastewater treatment plant (EfOM), and Suwannee River NOM (SR-NOM). The QD was composed of a CdSe core, ZnS shell, and polyethylene glycol coating. The average size of the investigated QD was 4.8, 56.5, and 25.0 nm determined by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation, respectively. The relative hydrophobicity of NOM was investigated using both specific UV absorbance at 254 nm and XAD-8/4 resins. The sorption of NOM on the QD was measured using a fluorescence quenching method. The highest hydrophobicity was exhibited by the SR-NOM, while the lowest was recorded for the DL-NOM. All tested NOMs significantly reduced the acute toxicity of D. magna when adsorbed to QD, and the order of effectiveness for each NOM was as follows: SR-NOM>EfOM>YS-NOM>DL-NOM. The sorption of NOM on the QD surface caused a decrease in the fluorescence intensity of QD at increasing NOM concentration. This suggests that the NOM coating influenced the physicochemical characteristics ofQDin the internal organs of D. magna by inducing a reduced bioavailability. Results from this study revealed that NOM with relatively high hydrophobicity had a greater capability of inducing toxicity mitigation.

Leung, A, Wiltshire, J, Blencowe, A, Fu, Q, Solomon, DH & Qiao, GG 2011, 'The effect of acrylamide-co-vinylpyrrolidinone copolymer on the depression of talc in mixed nickel mineral flotation', Minerals Engineering, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 449-454.
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Leyendekkers, JV & Shannon, AG 2011, 'Why 3 and 5 are always factors of primitive Pythagorean triples', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 102-105.
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Analysis of integer structure and right-end-digits can illustrate why 3 and 5 are features of primitive Pythagorean triples. The results also utilize the triangular and pentagonal numbers.

Li, C-H, Kuo, B-C & Lin, C-T 2011, 'LDA-Based Clustering Algorithm and Its Application to an Unsupervised Feature Extraction', IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 152-163.
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Li, J & Hao, H 2011, 'A Two-Step Numerical Method for Efficient Analysis of Structural Response to Blast Load', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 103-126.
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Even with modern computer power, detailed numerical modeling and simulation of structure response to blast loads are still extremely expensive and sometimes prohibitive because it is very time consuming and requires huge computer memory. Often compromise has to be made between simulation efficiency and simulation accuracy. A lot of research efforts have been spent on improving the computational efficiency. Most of these researches concentrate on simplifying the structures, such as simplifying a structure to an equivalent SDOF system, use smeared reinforcement steel and concrete model, use substructure approach to only model part of the structure in detail. Although these approaches under certain conditions yield reliable predictions, each of them has its associated limitations. Recently a two-step method was developed to improve the computation and modeling efficiency of structure response to blast loads. Instead of simplifying the structure, the proposed method calculates the structural responses in two steps. The first step calculates the structural responses in the loading phase and the second calculates the free vibration responses with the velocity profile of the structure at the end of the loading phase as initial conditions. Using a reinforced concrete beam as the example, it was found that the proposed method yields reliable predictions of the overall beam deflection and stress in longitudinal reinforcement bars with less than 10% computational time as compared to a detailed FE model simulation. However, the predicted stress in hoop reinforcements near the beam supports is not as good. In this paper, the method is improved by also including displacement response at the end of the forced-vibration phase as the initial conditions in the free vibration analysis. The same reinforced concrete beam is used. The results show that including the displacement initial conditions in the two-step method leads to an improved prediction of the beam responses. P...

Li, J & Hao, H 2011, 'Development of a Simplified Numerical Method for Structural Response Analysis to Blast Load', Procedia Engineering, vol. 14, pp. 2558-2566.
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The response of structural concrete elements under extremely short duration dynamic loads is of great concern nowadays. The most prevailing method to this problem is based on SDOF simplification. It is well known that the SDOF model can reliably predict the overall structural component response if the response follows predominantly a predefined damage mode such as shear or flexural mode. However, it cannot reliably predict localized failure of structures. Moreover, reliable deflection shape and damage criterion, which are critical for developing the equivalent SDOF model, are difficult to define. Therefore, although most design and analysis are still based on SDOF approach, more and more analyses are conducted with detailed Finite Element (FE) modelling. However, due to the short time duration as well as the huge loading magnitude, it is extremely difficult and time consuming to perform FE structural response analysis to blast loads, even with modern computer power. In this paper, a numerical approach, which substantially reduces the modelling and computational effort in analysing structural responses to blast load, is presented. Based on the short duration of blast load, the structural response is divided into two parts: forced vibration phase and free vibration phase. In the proposed method, the response during the forced vibration phase is approximately solved using the SDOF approach. Using the estimated response quantities at the end of the forced vibration phase as the initial conditions, a detail FE model in LS-DYNA is established and free vibration response is solved. This approach, while yielding reasonably accurate response calculations, substantially reduces the modelling and computational effort. To demonstrate the method, a reinforced concrete beam is analysed using both the conventional detailed FE modelling and the proposed approach. Comparisons of the numerical results from the two methods demonstrate the reliability of the proposed method. Compare...

Li, J, Dackermann, U, Xu, Y-L & Samali, B 2011, 'Damage identification in civil engineering structures utilizing PCA-compressed residual frequency response functions and neural network ensembles', STRUCTURAL CONTROL & HEALTH MONITORING, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 207-226.
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This paper presents a non-destructive, global, vibration-based damage identification method that utilizes damage pattern changes in frequency response functions (FRFs) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) to identify defects. To extract damage features and to obtain suitable input parameters for ANNs, principal component analysis (PCA) techniques are applied. Residual FRFs, which are the differences in the FRF data from the intact and the damaged structure, are compressed to a few principal components and fed to ANNs to estimate the locations and severities of structural damage. A hierarchy of neural network ensembles is created to take advantage of individual information from sensor signals. To simulate fieldtesting conditions, white Gaussian noise is added to the numerical data and a noise sensitivity study is conducted to investigate the robustness of the developed damage detection technique to noise. Both numerical and experimental results of simply supported steel beam structures have been used to demonstrate effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method.

Li, L, Xu, G, Zhang, Y & Kitsuregawa, M 2011, 'Random walk based rank aggregation to improving web search', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 943-951.
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In Web search, with the aid of related query recommendation, Web users can revise their initial queries in several serial rounds in pursuit of finding needed Web pages. In this paper, we address the Web search problem on aggregating search results of related queries to improve the retrieval quality. Given an initial query and the suggested related queries, our search system concurrently processes their search result lists from an existing search engine and then forms a single list aggregated by all the retrieved lists. We specifically propose a generic rank aggregation framework which consists of three steps. First we build a so-called Win/Loss graph of Web pages according to a competition rule, and then apply the random walk mechanism on the Win/Loss graph. Last we sort these Web pages by their ranks using a PageRank-like rank mechanism. The proposed framework considers not only the number of wins that an item won in competitions, but also the quality of its competitor items in calculating the ranking of Web page items. Experimental results show that our search system can clearly improve the retrieval quality in a parallel manner over the traditional search strategy that serially returns result lists. Moreover, we also provide empirical evidences as to demonstrate how different rank aggregation methods affect the retrieval quality.

LI, W-J, LIU, Y, WANG, Y, HAN, C & TANG, H-P 2011, 'Hot corrosion behavior of Ni–16Cr–xAl based alloys in mixture of Na2SO4–NaCl at 600 °C', Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 2617-2625.
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Li, X, Hai, FI & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Simultaneous activated carbon adsorption within a membrane bioreactor for an enhanced micropollutant removal', Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5319-5324.
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Li, X, Hai, FI, Tadkaew, N, Gilbertson, S & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Strategies to enhance the removal of the persistent pharmaceutically active compound carbamazepine by membrane bioreactors', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 34, no. 1-3, pp. 402-407.
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Carbamazepine, which is an anti-epileptic drug, is ubiquitously present in municipal wastewater. Owing to its recalcitrant chemical structure, carbamazepine is not significantly removed during conventional biological treatment or even by membrane bioreactor (MBR). With the ultimate aim of providing insights into the strategies to enhance carbamazepine removal, the effect of key operational parameters, namely, loading rate (2–750 μg/L• d), pH (5–9), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration (1–15 g/L) and dissolved oxygen (DO) (<0.5–5 mg/L) on the removal of carabamazepine by MBR was systematically studied. Results obtained in this study revealed negligible influence of pH and of MLSS concentration (beyond 5 g/L) on the removal of carbamazepine. The removal rate, however, was significantly enhanced under a DO concentration of less than 0.5 mg/L, suggesting that an alternating anoxic-oxic environment in MBR would achieve high removal. Significantly enhanced (287 mg/g vs. 0.02 mg/g) adsorption of carbamazepine on powdered activated carbon (PAC) as compared to MBR sludge indicated that simultaneous PAC adsorption in MBR may achieve enhanced removal. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Li, X, Hai, FI, Tadkaew, N, Gilbertson, S & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Strategies to enhance the removal of the persistent pharmaceutically active compound carbamazepine by membrane bioreactors', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 34, no. 1-3, pp. 402-407.
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Li, Y, Lin, ZW, Liu, H, Wang, Y, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Yang, Q 2011, 'Three-dimensional magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite material at different frequencies', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 7, pp. 07B503-07B503.
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Due to their intrinsic isotropic magnetic properties, soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials are applied in electrical machines in which the magnetic energy can be transported in three dimensions (3-D). However, in real applications, complicated magneti

Li, Y, Zhu, J, Yang, Q, Lin, ZW, Guo, Y & Zhang, C 2011, 'Study on Rotational Hysteresis and Core Loss Under Three-Dimensional Magnetization', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 3520-3523.
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In this paper, magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials under alternating and various rotational magnetizations have been properly measured, modeled, and analyzed at typical frequencies of 5, 50, and 500 Hz. The relationship between the magnetic flux density vector B and magnetic field strength vector H has been systemically studied when the B loci are well controlled to be circles and ellipses in three orthogonal planes of the three-dimensional (3-D) tester. The core loss features against magnetic flux densities with alternating and rotational magnetizations are also compared and analyzed. It is found that the rotational core losses are nearly twice of the alternating core losses at the same magnitude of flux density. Experimental results show that SMC materials have good 3-D features, and great potential for application in rotational magnetic flux machines.

Li, Z, Wong, L & Li, J 2011, 'DBAC: A simple prediction method for protein binding hot spots based on burial levels and deeply buried atomic contacts', BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, vol. 5, no. S1, pp. 1-11.
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Background: A protein binding hot spot is a cluster of residues in the interface that are energetically important for the binding of the protein with its interaction partner. Identifying protein binding hot spots can give useful information to protein en

Liang Gong, Lin Gui, Bo Liu, Bo Rong, Yin Xu, Yiyan Wu & Wenjun Zhang 2011, 'Improve the Performance of LDPC Coded QAM by Selective Bit Mapping in Terrestrial Broadcasting System', IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 263-269.
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Liao, L-D, Wang, I-J, Chen, S-F, Chang, J-Y & Lin, C-T 2011, 'Design, Fabrication and Experimental Validation of a Novel Dry-Contact Sensor for Measuring Electroencephalography Signals without Skin Preparation', Sensors, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 5819-5834.
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Lin, C, L. W., K, H. Y., T & T. P., J 2011, 'A Mobile Eeg Device For On-line Assessment Of Sleep Quality', Sleep and Biological Rhythms, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 222-223.

Lin, C-J, Chen, C-H & Lin, C-T 2011, 'An efficient evolutionary algorithm for fuzzy inference systems', Evolving Systems, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 83-99.
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In this paper, a novel self-constructing evolutionary algorithm (SCEA) for designing a TSK-type fuzzy model (TFM) is proposed. The proposed SCEA method is different from normal genetic algorithms (GAs). A chromosome of a population in traditional GAs represents a full solution and only one population presents all solutions in each generation. Our proposed method uses a population to evaluate a partial solution locally and applies several populations to construct a full solution. Thus, a chromosome represents only a partial solution. The proposed SCEA method uses the self-constructing learning algorithm to construct the TFM automatically that is based on the input training data to decide on the input partition. Fuzzy rules are created and begin to grow as the first training pattern arrives. Thus, the user need not give any a priori knowledge or even any initial information on the SCEA. We also adopted the sequence search-based dynamic evolution (SSDE) method to carry out parameter learning of the TFM. Simulation results have shown that the proposed SCEA method performs better than some existing methods. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

Lin, C-T & Lee, C-S 2011, 'FUZZ-IEEE 2011 [Conference Report]', IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 22-23.
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The FUZZ-IEEE is one of the premier international conferences in the field of fuzzy sets and systems. The 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZIEEE 2011) was held at the Grand Hyatt Taipei, Taiwan, from June 27 to 30, 2011. Paper submissions were reviewed by at least three reviewers, with no specific treatment given to papers submitted for special sessions. The IEEE CIS travel grants program provided travel grants to assist 10 IEEE CIS student members to attend the conference to present their papers. FUZZ-IEEE 2011 consisted of 5 workshops, 18 regular sessions, 43 special sessions, and 4 poster sessions, covering both traditional and emerging topics on the whole range of research and applications in fuzzy systems and soft computing. In additional to the excellent technical program, a series of social events were held to allow participants to better appreciate the sights and sounds of Taiwan.

Lin, C-T, Chen, S-A, Chiu, T-T, Lin, H-Z & Ko, L-W 2011, 'Spatial and temporal EEG dynamics of dual-task driving performance', Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 11-11.
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Abstract Background Driver distraction is a significant cause of traffic accidents. The aim of this study is to investigate Electroencephalography (EEG) dynamics in relation to distraction during driving. To study human cognition under a specific driving task, simulated real driving using virtual reality (VR)-based simulation and designed dual-task events are built, which include unexpected car deviations and mathematics questions. Methods We designed five cases with different stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) to investigate the distraction effects between the deviations and equations. The EEG channel signals are first converted into separated brain sources by independent component analysis (ICA). Then, event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) changes of the EEG power spectrum are used to evaluate brain dynamics in time-frequency domains. Results Power increases in the theta and beta bands are observed in relation with distraction effects in the frontal cortex. In the motor area, alpha and beta power suppressions are also observed. All of the above results are consistently observed across 15 subjects. Additionally, further analysis demonstrates that response time and multiple cortical EEG power both changed significantly with different SOA. Conclusions This study suggests that theta power increases in the frontal area is related to driver distraction and represents the strength of distraction in real-life situations.

Lin, ZW, Li, YJ, Zhu, JG, Wang, XL, Dou, SX, Guo, YG, Lei, G, Wang, Y, Philips, M, Cortie, M, Li, YC, Choi, K-Y & Shi, X 2011, 'Visualization of vortex motion in FeAs-based BaFe(1.9)Ni(0.1)As(2) single crystal by means of magneto-optical imaging (vol 109, 07E142, 2011)', JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 109, no. 10.
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Lin, ZW, Li, YJ, Zhu, JG, Wang, XL, Dou, SX, Guo, YG, Lei, G, Wang, Y, Philips, M, Cortie, M, Li, YC, Choi, K-Y & Shi, X 2011, 'Visualization of vortex motion in FeAs-based BaFe1.9Ni0.1As2 single crystal by means of magneto-optical imaging', JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 109, no. 7, pp. 0-0.
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Superconductivity has been found in newly discovered iron-based compounds. This paper studies the motion of magnetic vortices in BaFe(1.9)Ni(0.1)As(2) single crystal by means of the magneto-optical imaging technique. A series of magneto-optical images re

Lindner, E, Canning, J, Chojetzki, C, Brueckner, S, Becker, M, Rothhardt, M & Bartelt, H 2011, 'Post-hydrogen-loaded draw tower fiber Bragg gratings and their thermal regeneration', APPLIED OPTICS, vol. 50, no. 17, pp. 2519-2522.
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The idea of Bragg gratings generated during the drawing process of a fiber dates back almost 20 years. The technical improvement of the draw tower grating (DTG) process today results in highly reliable and cost-effective Bragg gratings for versatile application in the optical fiber sensor market. Because of the single-pulse exposure of the fiber, the gratings behave typically like type I gratings with respect to their temperature stability. This means that such gratings only work up to temperatures of about 300 °C. To increase temperature stability, we combined DTG arrays with hydrogen postloading and a thermal regeneration process that enables their use in high-temperature environments. The regenerated draw tower gratings are demonstrated to be suitable for temperatures of more than 800 °C.

Lindner, E, Canning, J, Chojetzki, C, Brueckner, S, Becker, M, Rothhardt, M & Bartelt, H 2011, 'Thermal regenerated type IIa fiber Bragg gratings for ultra-high temperature operation', OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 284, no. 1, pp. 183-185.
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Ling, SH & Lam, HK 2011, 'Playing Tic-Tac-Toe Using Genetic Neural Network with Double Transfer Functions', Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications, vol. 03, no. 01, pp. 37-44.
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Computational intelligence is a powerful tool for game development. In this paper, an algorithm of playing the game Tic-Tac-Toe with computational intelligence is developed. This algorithm is learned by a Neural Network with Double Transfer functions (NNDTF), which is trained by genetic algorithm (GA). In the NNDTF, the neuron has two transfer functions and exhibits a node-to-node relationship in the hidden layer that enhances the learning ability of the network. A Tic-Tac-Toe game is used to show that the NNDTF provide a better performance than the traditional neural network does.

LING, SH, JIANG, F, NGUYEN, HT & CHAN, KY 2011, 'HYBRID FUZZY LOGIC-BASED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION FOR FLOW SHOP SCHEDULING PROBLEM', International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, vol. 10, no. 03, pp. 335-356.
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This paper, proposes a hybrid fuzzy logic-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) with cross-mutated operation method for the minimization of makespan in permutation flow shop scheduling problem. This problem is a typical non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP) hard combinatorial optimization problem. In the proposed hybrid PSO, fuzzy inference system is applied to determine the inertia weight of PSO and the control parameter of the proposed cross-mutated operation by using human knowledge. By introducing the fuzzy system, the inertia weight becomes adaptive. The cross-mutated operation effectively forces the solution to escape the local optimum. To make PSO suitable for solving flow shop scheduling problem, a sequence-order system based on the roulette wheel mechanism is proposed to convert the continuous position values of particles to job permutations. Meanwhile, a new local search technique namely swap-based local search for scheduling problem is designed and incorporated into the hybrid PSO. Finally, a suite of flow shop benchmark functions are employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed PSO for flow shop scheduling problems. Experimental results show empirically that the proposed method outperforms the existing hybrid PSO methods significantly.

Ling, SSH & Nguyen, HT 2011, 'Genetic-Algorithm-Based Multiple Regression With Fuzzy Inference System for Detection of Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Episodes', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BIOMEDICINE, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 308-315.
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Hypoglycemia or low blood glucose is dangerous and can result in unconsciousness, seizures, and even death. It is a common and serious side effect of insulin therapy in patients with diabetes. Hypoglycemic monitor is a noninvasivemonitor that measures some physiological parameters continuously to provide detection of hypoglycemic episodes in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (T1DM). Based on heart rate (HR), corrected QT interval of the ECG signal, change of HR, and the change of corrected QT interval, we develop a genetic algorithm (GA)-based multiple regression with fuzzy inference system (FIS) to classify the presence of hypoglycemic episodes. GA is used to find the optimal fuzzy rules and membership functions of FIS and the model parameters of regression method. From a clinical study of 16 children with T1DM, natural occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes is associated with HRs and corrected QT intervals. The overall data were organized into a training set (eight patients) and a testing set (another eight patients) randomly selected. The results show that the proposed algorithm performs a good sensitivity with an acceptable specificity.

Lister, R 2011, 'COMPUTING EDUCATION RESEARCHProgramming, syntax and cognitive load', ACM Inroads, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 21-22.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, R 2011, 'Programming, syntax and cognitive load (part 2)', ACM Inroads, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 16-17.
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Lister, R 2011, 'Ten years after the McCracken Working Group', ACM Inroads, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 18-19.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, R 2011, 'What if we approached teaching like software engineering?', ACM Inroads, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 17-18.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, R 2011, 'What if we approached teaching like software engineering?', ACM Inroads, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 17-18.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, RF 2011, 'Programming, Syntax and Cognitive Load (Part 2)', ACM Inroads, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 16-17.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Listowski, A, Ngo, H, Guo, W, Vigneswaran, S, Shin, H & Moon, H 2011, 'Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Urban Wastewater System: Future Assessment Framework and Methodology', Journal of Water Sustainability, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 113-125.
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Over the last two decades much scientific effort has been expended on the radiative gaseous emissions in the atmosphere. Although there are no regulatory requirements for managing gaseous emissions at present, the long term indications are, that impact relater to air pollution must embrace the broad diversity and challenges associated with urban wastewater cycle management. This study has been considered as a precursor to development of a comprehensive impact assessment of gaseous emission from urban wastewater infrastructure and treatment facilities. It has been carried out in consideration of the future climate change scientific projections, including socio-economic and environmental impacts. Major progress could be gained from systemic approaches in relation to factors influencing emission and the collected data demonstrates correlation between wastewater quality, treatment and energy used with the level of emission. An early attempt was made to attribute environmental impact and costs on per capita basis, as the weight of responsibility to take action is shifting to the community and individuals. The presented framework and methodology offers reliable evaluation of gaseous emissions is an integrated context comprising technology, environment, social and economic factors.

Listowski, A, Ngo, HH, Guo, WS & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'A novel integrated assessment methodology of urban water reuse', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 64, no. 8, pp. 1642-1651.
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Wastewater is no longer considered a waste product and water reuse needs to play a stronger part in securing urban water supply. Although treatment technologies for water reclamation have significantly improved the question that deserves further analysis is, how selection of a particular wastewater treatment technology relates to performance and sustainabiiity? The proposed assessment model integrates; (i) technology, characterised by selected quantity and quality performance parameters; (ii) productivity, efficiency and reliability criteria; (iii) quantitative performance indicators; (iv) development of evaluation model. The challenges related to hierarchy and selections of performance indicators have been resolved through the case study analysis. The goal of this study is to validate a new assessment methodology in relation to performance of the microfiltration (MF) technology, a key element of the treatment process. Specific performance data and measurements were obtained at specific Control and Data Acquisition Points (CP) to satisfy the input-output inventory in relation to water resources, products, materiai flows, energy requirements, chemicals use, etc. Performance assessment process contains analysis and necessary linking across important parametric functions leading to reliable outcomes and results.

Litzinger, T, Lattuca, LR, Hadgraft, R & Newstetter, W 2011, 'Engineering Education and the Development of Expertise', Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 123-150.
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BACKGROUND: Although engineering education has evolved in ways that improve the readiness of graduates to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century, national and international organizations continue to call for change. Future changes in engineering education should be guided by research on expertise and the learning processes that support its development. PURPOSE: The goals of this paper are: to relate key findings from studies of the development of expertise to engineering education, to summarize instructional practices that are consistent with these findings, to provide examples of learning experiences that are consistent with these instructional practices, and finally, to identify challenges to implementing such learning experiences in engineering programs. SCOPE/METHOD: The research synthesized for this article includes that on the development of expertise, students' approaches to learning, students' responses to instructional practices, and the role of motivation in learning. In addition, literature on the dominant teaching and learning practices in engineering education is used to frame some of the challenges to implementing alternative approaches to learning. CONCLUSION: Current understanding of expertise, and the learning processes that develop it, indicates that engineering education should encompass a set of learning experiences that allow students to construct deep conceptual knowledge, to develop the ability to apply key technical and professional skills fluently, and to engage in a number of authentic engineering projects. Engineering curricula and teaching methods are often not well aligned with these goals. Curriculum-level instructional design processes should be used to design and implement changes that will improve alignment. © 2011 ASEE.

Liu, H, Shon, HK, Okour, Y, Song, W & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Red G by Bismuth Titanate in Three-phase Fluidized Bed Photoreactor', Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 116-121.
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AbstractThe objectives of this study were to prepare a high-performance bismuth titanate photocatalyst and to develop a novel photocatalytic reactor with three-phase internal circulating fluidized bed photoreactor (TPICFBP). Bismuth titanate photocatalyst was hydrothermally prepared under optimum operating parameters such as hydrothermal temperature, reaction time and molar ratio of Bi to Ti. The photocatalytic activity of bismuth titanate using TPICFBP was evaluated for the photocatalytic degradation of Acid Red G (ARG). The photodegradation of ARG over Bi

Liu, H, Shon, HK, Sun, X, Vigneswaran, S & Nan, H 2011, 'Preparation and characterization of visible light responsive Fe2O3-TiO2 composites', APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, vol. 257, no. 13, pp. 5813-5819.
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In this studywepresent the effects of iron oxide (Fe2O3) on titanium dioxide (TiO2) in synthesising visiblelight reactive photocatalysts. A Fe2O3âTiO2 composite photocatalyst was synthesized from Fe2(SO4)3 and Ti(SO4)2 by a ethanol-assisted hydrothermal method. The preparation conditions were optimized through the investigation of the effects of hydrothermal temperature and time as well as molar ratio of Ti to Fe on the photocatalytic activity. The visual, physical and chemical properties of the Fe2O3âTiO2 composites were investigated. The results showed that -Fe2O3 and anatase TiO2 were present in the composites. The Fe2O3âTiO2 synthesized under optimum condition consisted of mesoporous structure with an average pore size of 4 nm and a surface area of 43m2/g. Under visible and solar light irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of optimized sample was significantly higher than that of pure TiO2. This sample led to a photodegradation efficiency of 90% and 40% of auramine under visible light and solar light, respectively.

Liu, H, Xia, T, Shon, HK & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Preparation of titania-containing photocatalysts from metallurgical slag waste and photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol', JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 461-467.
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A low cost, high performance titania-containing metallurgical slag photocatalysts (TCMSPx, x = H2SO4, HNO3, HCl) were prepared using a hydrothermal method. The prepared TCMSPx were characterized in terms of visual, physical and chemical properties. The photocatalytic activity of the TCMSPx was evaluated via the photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-D) in aqueous solution. The results showed that the characteristics and photocatalytic activity of TCMSPx were strongly affected by acidic solutions used during the acidolysis. TCMSPH2SO4 exhibited better characteristics and higher photocatalytic activity than TCMSPHNO3 and TCMSPHCl. OH radicals from TCMSPH2SO4 were produced under UV, visible and solar light irradiation. The degree of photodegradation of 2,4-D by TCMSPH2SO4 was 80.1%, 50.0% and 61.5% under UV, visible and solar light irradiation respectively. In addition, the removal of chlorine functional group on the 2,4-D benzene ring and the production of intermediates during 2,4-D photodegradation were monitored using ion chromatography, UVâvis spectra and high performance liquid chromatography of 2,4-D before and after photodegradation.

Liu, J, Zhong, S & Esselle, KP 2011, 'A Printed Elliptical Monopole Antenna With Modified Feeding Structure for Bandwidth Enhancement', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 667-670.
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Liu, K, Law, SS & Zhu, XQ 2011, 'A Bonding Damage Detection Method with Force-Based Beam Element', Procedia Engineering, vol. 14, pp. 1174-1182.
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Liu, M, Guo, X, Zhou, A, Wang, S, Li, Z & Dutkiewicz, E 2011, 'Low latency IP mobility management: protocol and analysis', EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2011, no. 1.
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Liu, MD & Indraratna, BN 2011, 'General Strength Criterion for Geomaterials Including Anisotropic Effect', International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 251-262.
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Liu, Q, Hoi, SCH, Su, CTT, Li, Z, Kwoh, C-K, Wong, L & Li, J 2011, 'Structural analysis of the hot spots in the binding between H1N1 HA and the 2D1 antibody: do mutations of H1N1 from 1918 to 2009 affect much on this binding?', BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 27, no. 18, pp. 2529-2536.
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Motivation: Worldwide and substantial mortality caused by the 2009 H1N1 influenza A has stimulated a new surge of research on H1N1 viruses. An epitope conservation has been learned in the HA1 protein that allows antibodies to cross-neutralize both 1918 a

Liu, S-G, Ni, B-J, Li, W-W, Sheng, G-P, Tang, Y & Yu, H-Q 2011, 'Modeling of the Contact–Adsorption–Regeneration (CAR) activated sludge process', Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 2199-2205.
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Liu, W & Li, S 2011, 'On standard models of fuzzy region connection calculus', International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 1337-1354.
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The Region Connection Calculus (RCC) is perhaps the most influential topological relation calculus. Based on the first-order logic, the RCC, however, does not fully meet the needs of applications where the vagueness of entities or relations is important and not ignorable. This paper introduces standard models for the fuzzy region connection calculus (RCC) proposed by Schockaert et al. (2008) [18]. Each of such a standard fuzzy RCC model is induced by a standard RCC model in a natural way. We prove that each standard fuzzy RCC model is canonical in the sense that any satisfiable set of fuzzy RCC8 constraints have a solution in it. Apolynomial realization algorithm is also provided. As a side product,we showsimilar sets of fuzzy constraints have similar solutions if both are satisfiable. This allows us to approximate fuzzy RCC constraints that have arbitrary bounds by those have bounds with finite precision. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc.

Liu, W, Wang, J, Wang, J, Ding, W & Almagbile, A 2011, 'Measurable Realistic Image-based 3D Mapping', Archives of Photogrammetry, Cartography and Remote Sensing, vol. 22, pp. 297-310.
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This paper proposes and demonstrates a 3D map concept that is realistic and image-based, that enables geometric measurements and geo-location services. Additionally, image-based 3D maps provide more detailed information of the real world than 3D model-based maps. The image-based 3D maps use geo-referenced stereo images or panoramic images. The geometric relationships between objects in the images can be resolved from the geometric model of stereo images. The panoramic function makes 3D maps more interactive with users but also creates an interesting immersive circumstance. Actually, unmeasurable image-based 3D maps already exist, such as Google street view, but only provide virtual experiences in terms of photos. The topographic and terrain attributes, such as shapes and heights though are omitted. This paper also discusses the potential for using a low cost land Mobile Mapping System (MMS) to implement realistic image 3D mapping, and evaluates the positioning accuracy that a measureable realistic image-based (MRI) system can produce. The major contribution here is the implementation of measurable images on 3D maps to obtain various measurements from real scenes.

Liu, Y, Liu, B & Ling, SH 2011, 'The almost periodic solution of Lotka-Volterra recurrent neural networks with delays', NEUROCOMPUTING, vol. 74, no. 6, pp. 1062-1068.
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By the fixed-point theorem subject to different polyhedrons and some inequalities (e.g.,the inequality resulted from quadratic programming), we obtain three theorems for the LotkaâVolterra recurrent neural network shaving almost periodic coefficients and delays. One of the three theorems can only ensure the existence of an almost periodic solution, whose existence and uniqueness the other two theorems are about. By using Lyapunov function, the sufficient condition guaranteeing the global stability of the solution is presented. Furthermore, two numerical examples are employed to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the obtained criteria. Compared with known results, the networks model is novel, and the results are extended and improved.

Lixin Duan, Wen Li, Tsang, IW-H & Dong Xu 2011, 'Improving Web Image Search by Bag-Based Reranking', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 3280-3290.
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Given a textual query in traditional text-based image retrieval (TBIR), relevant images are to be reranked using visual features after the initial text-based search. In this paper, we propose a new bag-based reranking framework for large-scale TBIR. Specifically, we first cluster relevant images using both textual and visual features. By treating each cluster as a bag and the images in the bag as instances, we formulate this problem as a multi-instance (MI) learning problem. MI learning methods such as mi-SVM can be readily incorporated into our bag-based reranking framework. Observing that at least a certain portion of a positive bag is of positive instances while a negative bag might also contain positive instances, we further use a more suitable generalized MI (GMI) setting for this application. To address the ambiguities on the instance labels in the positive and negative bags under this GMI setting, we develop a new method referred to as GMI-SVM to enhance retrieval performance by propagating the labels from the bag level to the instance level. To acquire bag annotations for (G)MI learning, we propose a bag ranking method to rank all the bags according to the defined bag ranking score. The top ranked bags are used as pseudopositive training bags, while pseudonegative training bags can be obtained by randomly sampling a few irrelevant images that are not associated with the textual query. Comprehensive experiments on the challenging real-world data set NUS-WIDE demonstrate our framework with automatic bag annotation can achieve the best performances compared with existing image reranking methods. Our experiments also demonstrate that GMI-SVM can achieve better performances when using the manually labeled training bags obtained from relevance feedback.

Lo, D, Jinyan Li, Iimsoon wong & Siau-Cheng Khoo 2011, 'Mining Iterative Generators and Representative Rules for Software Specification Discovery', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 282-296.
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Billions of dollars are spent annually on software-related cost. It is estimated that up to 45 percent of software cost is due to the difficulty in understanding existing systems when performing maintenance tasks (i.e., adding features, removing bugs, et

Loth, L, Osmani, MG, Kalam, MA, Chakraborty, RK, Wadsworth, J, Knowles, NJ, Hammond, JM & Benigno, C 2011, 'Molecular Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus: Implications for Disease Control in Bangladesh', Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 240-246.
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Lu, J & Zhang, G 2011, 'Guest editorial: a special issue on optimization techniques for business intelligence systems', JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 185-187.
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Lu, J, Ma, J, Zhang, G, Zhu, Y, Zeng, X & Koehl, L 2011, 'Theme-Based Comprehensive Evaluation in New Product Development Using Fuzzy Hierarchical Criteria Group Decision-Making Method', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 2236-2246.
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AbstractOne of the features of the digital ecosystem is the integration of human cognition and socio-economic themes into the process of new product development (NPD). In a socio-economic theme-based NPD, ranking a set of product prototypes that have been designed always requires the participation of multiple evaluators and consideration of multiple evaluation criteria. Using the well-being theme-based garment NPD as a background, this paper first presents a fuzzy hierarchical criteria group decision-making (FHCGDM) method which can effectively calculate final ranking results through fusing all assessment data from human beings and machines. It then presents a garment NPD comprehensive evaluation model with hierarchical criteria under the well-being theme through identifying a set of marketing tactics from a consumer acceptance survey. It further provides an establishment process for an NPD evaluation model under the digital ecosystem framework. Finally, a garment NPD case study further demonstrates the proposed well-being NPD comprehensive evaluation model and the FHCGDM method. The advantages of the proposed evaluation method include successfully handling criteria in a hierarchical structure, automatically processing both objective measurements from machines and subjective assessments from human evaluators, and using the most suitable type of fuzzy numbers to describe linguistic terms.

Lu, Q, Yu, M, Ye, Y, Fang, Y & Zhu, J 2011, 'Thrust Force of Novel PM Transverse Flux Linear Oscillating Actuators With Moving Magnet', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 4211-4214.
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This paper investigates the thrust forces of two novel permanent magnet transverse flux linear oscillating actuators (TFLOAs), one with moving magnet and the other moving both magnet and iron core, for pump and compressor drives. Different from the conventional linear actuators, the lamination construction of the TFLOAs is similar to that of a normal rotating motor, which is easy to stack. Based on a simple magnetic circuit model taking into account the interpole leakage flux, the thrust forces are deduced analytically. The predicted results are verified by the finite element analyses and validated by experiments. It is shown that the thrust force performances of both TFLOAs are similar, whereas the former has a lower thrust force density and higher resonant frequency.

Lu, Y, Jin, D, Leif, RC, Deng, W, Piper, JA, Yuan, J, Duan, Y & Huo, Y 2011, 'Automated detection of rare-event pathogens through time-gated luminescence scanning microscopy', Cytometry Part A, vol. 79A, no. 5, pp. 349-355.
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Luo, L, Wang, XC, Guo, W & Ngo, H 2011, 'Novel conceptual models for thermodynamic analysis of urban water systems', Journal of Water Sustainability, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 13-23.
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Urban water system (UWS) can be thermodynamically analysed by calculating the entropy budget based on the increase of entropy due to internal and/or external contributions. From different internal and external parts, two novel conceptual models of thermodynamic analysis for an UWS were proposed. For conceptual model 1, natural UWS as a pseudo-reversible process is internal contribution, while the external part of the UWS is artificial water cycle. When the entropy change of the natural UWS is equal to zero, the entropy change of the UWS is considered as the entropy change by the artificial water cycle. The calculations of entropy change for artificial water cycle are based on water balance and purification reactions of selected kinds of typical pollutants in the UWS. For conceptual model 2, the internal entropy change of the UWS is water body, and it is assumed to be zero due to dynamically equilibrium of the water body. The calculation of external entropy change caused by the natural water cycle was proposed to be dependent on meteorological and hydrological data whilst the external entropy change caused by the artificial water cycle could be obtained from mass balance and treatment process analysis.

Luo, Q & Tong, L 2011, '3D Model of Coupled Multi-physics Fields for PLZT Ceramics and Its Applications to Photostrictive Plates', Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 17-30.
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This article investigates an extended 3D model for coupled opto-electro-thermo-mechanical fields in PbLaZrTi (PLZT) ceramics by incorporating the photovoltaic, optothermic, and pyroelectric effects into the existing thermopiezoelectic model. The 3D model is then used to establish novel governing equations for 0-3 polarized orthotropic PLZT plates. Actuating and sensing behaviors of 0-3 polarized PLZT plates subjected to light illumination and mechanical loading are then studied. Stress analysis is conducted for a 0-3 polarized PLZT plate with free boundary conditions. Analytical solution for a simply supported photostrictive plate partially subjected to light illumination is derived. Numerical results for free and simply supported photostrictive plates illuminated by light are calculated using the present formulations and finite element analysis.

Luo, Q & Tong, L 2011, 'Ultraviolet-light-induced multi-physics behaviors of 0–3 polarized transparent PLZT plates: I. Experimental testing', Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 115004-115004.
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Luo, Q & Tong, L 2011, 'Ultraviolet-light-induced multi-physics behaviors of 0–3 polarized transparent PLZT plates: II. Finite element analysis and validation', Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 115005-115005.
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Luo, Q, Luo, Z & Tong, L 2011, 'A variational principle and finite element formulation for multi-physics PLZT ceramics', Mechanics Research Communications, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 198-202.
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This research presents an extended variational principle and a finite element formulation for multiphysics analysis of PLZT (lanthanum zirconate titanate) ceramics by including the photovoltaic and optothermic effects. The photo-induced electrical and th

Luo, Z, Luo, Q, Tong, L, Gao, W & Song, C 2011, 'Shape morphing of laminated composite structures with photostrictive actuators via topology optimization', Composite Structures, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 406-418.
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In this paper a new design method is presented for achieving remote wireless shape morphing of laminated composite structures using topology optimization methods A recently emerging family of smart materials photostrictive materials is Introduced as the actuation discipline to implement the active control of optical structures by utilizing the photostriction mechanism which arises from the superposition of photovoltaic effect and converse piezoelectric effect when exposed to the illumination of near ultraviolet light In terms of the Mindlin plate theory of first-order shear deformation a finite element formulation including multiphysics effects of photovoltaic pyroelectric and thermal expansion is developed to model composite structures of ferroelectric materials polarized in 0-1 and 0-3 directions respectively The design is formulated as a multi-constrained optimization problem with a least square objective function to minimize structural shape errors The topology optimization method is used as a systematic design approach to seek the optimal topologies of material layouts for both the photostrictive and host layers as well as the actuator light distribution In terms of design sensitivity analysis many gradient-based optimization algorithms can be applied to solve the problem effectively Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in the field of active photonic control of laminated composite structures

Ma, M, Huang, X, Jiao, B & Guo, YJ 2011, 'Optimal Orthogonal Precoding for Power Leakage Suppression in DFT-Based Systems', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 844-853.
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A solution to the power leakage minimization problem in discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based communication systems is presented. In a conventional DFT based system, modulated subcarriers exhibit high sidelobe levels, which leads to significant out-of-band power leakage. Existing techniques found in the literature either do not achieve sufficient sidelobe suppression or suffer from significant spectral efficiency loss. Precoding can be seen as a general linear processing method for power leakage reduction, however, how to design the optimal linear precoder is still an open problem. In this paper, the power leakage suppression is first treated as a matrix Frobenius norm minimization problem, and then the optimal orthogonal precoding matrix design for the power leakage suppression is proposed based on singular value decomposition (SVD). By further exploiting the extra degrees of freedom in the precoding matrix, two kinds of optimized precoding matrices, one with multi-carrier property and the other with single-carrier property, are developed to take the advantages of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), respectively. Simulation results show that both the multi-carrier and the single-carrier precoding schemes achieve significant power leakage suppression, and have similar peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and bit-error-rate (BER) to those of OFDM and SC-FDMA systems, respectively

Mahlia, TMI & Chan, PL 2011, 'Life cycle cost analysis of fuel cell based cogeneration system for residential application in Malaysia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 416-426.
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Mahlia, TMI, Razak, HA & Nursahida, MA 2011, 'Life cycle cost analysis and payback period of lighting retrofit at the University of Malaya', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 1125-1132.
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Mahlia, TMI, Taufiq, BN, Ong, KP & Saidur, R 2011, 'Exergy analysis for day lighting, electric lighting and space cooling systems for a room space in a tropical climate', Energy and Buildings, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 1676-1684.
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Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 2011, 'Analysis of Voltage Rise Effect on Distribution Network with Distributed Generation', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 14796-14801.
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Connections of distributed generation (DG) in distribution networks are increasing. These connections of distributed generation cause voltage rise in the distribution network. This paper presents a detail analysis of how does voltage rise on distribution network due to the penetration of distributed generation. This paper also presents how does the voltage rise affect the connection of distributed generation on distribution network. The analysis is done on a simple two-bus distribution network and a radial distribution network with and without DG by using worst case scenario (minimum load maximum generation). Finally, some recommendations are given to counteract the voltage rise effect. © 2011 IFAC.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 2011, 'Robust Nonlinear State Feedback for Power Systems under Structured Uncertainty', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 3741-3746.
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This paper presents a robust nonlinear state feedback linearization approach for power systems with uncertainties. The uncertainties considered here are a class of bounded perturbations to the state model of power systems. The control law is applied through the excitation system of the synchronous generators connected to the power systems to enhance the stability of the system. In this paper, uncertainties are considered for single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system. A Lyapunov-based concept is used to guarantee uniform ultimate boundedness. © 2011 IFAC.

Mahony, R, Euston, M, Kim, J, Coote, P & Hamel, T 2011, 'A non-linear observer for attitude estimation of a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle without GPS measurements', Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 699-717.
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In this paper we propose a simple non-linear observer for attitude estimation based only on output from a typical inertial measurement unit (IMU) and dynamic pressure sensor embarked on a low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle. In particular, we aim to provide a good quality attitude estimate in the absence of global positioning system (GPS) ground truth and with potential low-frequency bias and high-frequency noise in the IMU sensor measurements. In addition, the case where the IMU only provides gyrometer and accelerometer outputs is considered; that is, there is no magnetometer output or it cannot be used due to local magnetic disturbances such as are common on a vehicle with electric motors. The proposed observer uses a simple centripetal force model (based on gyrometer and dynamic pressure measurements), augmented by a first-order dynamic model for angle of attack, to estimate non-inertial components of the acceleration. This estimate is used to correct the accelerometer output to provide a low-frequency estimate of the gravitational direction. This inertial direction, along with the gyrometer output, is then used to drive a fully non-linear attitude observer posed on the orthogonal group of rotation matrices SO(3). The observer is augmented with an integral state that ensures compensation of gyrometer bias. The resulting observer is simple to implement and fully non-linear. Experimental results are provided on a real-world data set and the performance of the filter is evaluated against the output from a full GPS/inertial navigation system (INS) that was available for the data set.

Mainali, B, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, Pham, TTN & Johnston, A 2011, 'Feasibility assessment of recycled water use for washing machines in Australia through SWOT analysis', RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 87-91.
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Sustainable urban water consumption has become a critical issue in Australia due to increasing urbanization, the countryâs dry climate and its increasingly variable rainfall. Water recycling is considered vital to alleviate the demand on limited water supplies. The demands on water utilities to develop water recycling capacity and supplies are therefore expected to intensify in Australia. Dual reticulation systems have already been introduced in many cities in Australia and this is likely to expand to many other cities in the future. Developed and proposed dual reticulation schemes in Australia demand the substantial replacement of tap water with recycled water to ensure system optimisation and the sustainability of water supplies. This study successfully applies Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis as a research tool to assess the feasibility of use of recycled water in washing machine applications. Through the identification of the reuse schemes' strengths (elements to leverage and build on) and weaknesses (areas to seek assistance and support) in addition to community opportunities (areas to leverage for program advantages) and threats (elements that could hinder the scheme), the positive aspects for the use of recycled water in washing machines is observed. Further study to address the specific concerns of the general public and the development of guidelines for this new end use is however essential to guide the implementation of recycled water schemes.

Mainali, B, Ngo, HH, Guo, WS, Pham, TTN, Wang, XC & Johnston, A 2011, 'SWOT analysis to assist identification of the critical factors for the successful implementation of water reuse schemes', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 297-306.
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The reuse of urban wastewater has been recognised as an important alternative source of water and is a key aspect of sustainable water policy. As it is a promising innovation, a number of direct and indirect water reuse projects have been instigated and proposed, both nationally and internationally. However there is some uncertainty regarding the effectiveness and impact of these water reuse schemes (WRS). This study investigates the applicability of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) as an analysis tool for formulating the critical factors in terms of the implementation of water reuse schemes. Basically, this work adopts an existing multiple case study design method and makes use of SWOT to analyse all critical factors for each selected water reuse scheme. The strengths and weaknesses of successful and unsuccessful WRS are analysed followed by an assessment of the corresponding external opportunities and threats.. On this basis, the critical factors considered for the successful implementation of the WRS are identified. A qualitative investigation using SWOT analysis has therefore been successfully implemented.

Mans, B & Mathieson, L 2011, 'On the Treewidth of Dynamic Graphs', THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 554, pp. 217-228.
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Dynamic graph theory is a novel, growing area that deals with graphs that change over time and is of great utility in modelling modern wireless, mobile and dynamic environments. As a graph evolves, possibly arbitrarily, it is challenging to identify the graph properties that can be preserved over time and understand their respective computability. In this paper we are concerned with the treewidth of dynamic graphs. We focus on metatheorems, which allow the generation of a series of results based on general properties of classes of structures. In graph theory two major metatheorems on treewidth provide complexity classifications by employing structural graph measures and finite model theory. Courcelle's Theorem gives a general tractability result for problems expressible in monadic second order logic on graphs of bounded treewidth, and Frick & Grohe demonstrate a similar result for first order logic and graphs of bounded local treewidth. We extend these theorems by showing that dynamic graphs of bounded (local) treewidth where the length of time over which the graph evolves and is observed is finite and bounded can be modelled in such a way that the (local) treewidth of the underlying graph is maintained. We show the application of these results to problems in dynamic graph theory and dynamic extensions to static problems. In addition we demonstrate that certain widely used dynamic graph classes naturally have bounded local treewidth.

Manzouri, M & Shon, HK 2011, 'Rectification methods for the fouling of ultrafiltration hollow-fibre membranes as a result of excessive soluble iron', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 437-444.
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The aim of this study is to analyse process design parameters relating to a membrane bioreactor (MBR) membrane and chemical dosing systems as well as the characteristics of membrane foulant so as to identify a remedy for implementation. A qualitative research undertaken included electron microscopy analysis of the fouled membranes through a membrane autopsy which showed major inorganic deposits to the membrane surface, mainly comprising of iron. As it currently remains, the membrane system utilises citric acid for chemical in-place cleaning of the membranes. Analysis of results identifies the impact of membrane foulant to the operational performance of the treatment works and the impairment to effluent quality discharged to local waterways. Furthermore, an assessment into economic impacts is expected to show significant opportunities for improvements to operating costs as a direct result of cleaner membranes returning transmembrane pressures to normal levels during the permeate production cycle. The study also proposes optimisation strategies of the current cleaning process that is adequate for the level of ferric chloride dosed for phosphorous removal and odour control. Consideration is given to two types of strategies for rectification.

Marques, CAF, Oliveira, RA, Pohl, AAP, Canning, J & Nogueira, RN 2011, 'Dynamic control of a phase-shifted FBG through acousto-optic modulation', OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 284, no. 5, pp. 1228-1231.
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Martincic, A & Dovey, K 2011, 'Action research as a knowledge generating change methodology', International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 108-108.
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The paper outlines an action research project conducted within an Australian public sector organisation with the purpose of changing a key internal business process. Despite the significant challenges incurred by using a change methodology considered to be âradicalâ within this conventional, hierarchically structured, organisation, the business process was transformed successfully and productivity has increased significantly within the organisation. Furthermore, the action research approach generated pertinent new knowledge; greatly enriched various forms of intangible capital within the organisation; and created a precedent with respect to greater collaboration and democracy within the organisation. In encouraging this approach to managing change within hierarchically structured organisations, the paper advocates caution in its introduction and warns of the challenges that it poses for power management in such organisations.

Mason, L, Mohr, S, Zeibots, M & Giurco, D 2011, 'Limits to cheap oil - Impact on mining', AusIMM Bulletin, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 40-42.
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The price of oil also affects the demand for metals and minerals and hence the ability of mining companies to sell resources at a profit. The mining sector is a major consumer of oil products and hence the cost of producing metals and minerals is sensitive to oil prices. Specifically, oil based diesel is mixed with ammonium nitrate as the explosives commonly used in the mining industry, diesel trucks, and shovels are used to collect the ore and transport the ore to the primary processing facilities typically on the mine site. Currently, Australia imports from Malaysia and Vietnam (DRET 2010), however both of these countries reached peak oil production in 2004 and are now declining. The world is dependent on a small number of countries to ensure world oil production is adequate and less is being traded on the open market.

Mat, RC, Shariff, ARM, Pradhan, B & Mahmud, AR 2011, 'Online 3D terrain visualization of GIS data: A comparison between three different web servers', Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 19, no. SPEC. ISSUE, pp. 31-39.
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Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and three dimensional (3D) World Wide Web (WWW) applications usage are on the rise. The demand for online 3D terrain visualization for GIS data has increased. Current users demand for more complex data which have higher accuracy and realism. This is aided by the emergence of geo-browsers in the market which provide free service and also cater for the commercialized market. Other new technology driving the market is the use of software such as CityGML, Virtual Reality Markup Language (VRML)/ Entensive 3D (X3D), geoVRML, and Keyhole Markup Language (KML). These technologies also play an important role for this new era of online 3D terrain visualization. The aim of this paper is to implement the online 3D terrain visualization for GIS data by using VRML technology and launching the system into three different web servers. The data used for this system are contour data and high resolution satellite image (QUICKBIRD) for Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) area. Testing was done only for satellite image overlaid to 3D terrain data. The web servers used in this experiment were the Spatial Research Group Server in UPM, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) web server, and ruzinoor.my web server. The comparison was based on the performance of web servers in terms of accessibility, uploading time, CPU usage, frame rate per second (fps), and number of users. The results from this experiment will be of help and guidance to the developers in finding the right web servers for the best performance on implementing online 3D terrain visualization for GIS data. © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.

Matekovits, L, De Sabata, A & Esselle, KP 2011, 'Effects of a Coplanar Waveguide Biasing Network Built Into the Ground Plane on the Dispersion Characteristics of a Tunable Unit Cell With an Elliptical Patch and Multiple Vias', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, pp. 1088-1091.
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Matekovits, L, Heimlich, M & Esselle, KP 2011, 'Metamaterial-Based Millimeter-Wave Switchable Leaky Wave Antennas for On-Chip Implementation in Gaas Technology', Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 49-61.
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Matekovits, L, Heimlich, M & Esselle, KP 2011, 'Numerical analysis of 2D tunable HIS on GaAs support', Applied Physics A, vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 779-782.
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Mathew, N, Jiang, Z & Wei, D 2011, 'Analysis of Multi-Layer Sandwich Structures by Finite Element Method', Advanced Science Letters, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 3243-3248.
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An attempt has been made in optimizing the finite element model based on the non-linear explicit finite element LS-DYNA code to analyse the structural response of a multi-layer thin-walled sandwich structure with square core cells. Virtual testing of impact response is an efficient way to investigate the structural behaviour of sandwich structures. The developed simulation models assist in creating an efficient parametric study. This paper focuses on the structural deformation and the variation of the folding mechanism observed in the different cell structures. The energy absorption of the structures is also discussed in relation to the parametric study with the variation of the number of cells and layers. This study can hence provide a model of the structural deformation response and the energy absorption capability of a multi-layer sandwich structure. The developed models consider a complete mechanical characterisation of cellular Gore structures, and as well as the detailed cell wall deformation patterns, failure modes and the effect of multiple layers on the energy absorption capability to obtain a better understanding of the deformation behaviours of the structure, which is difficult using solely experimental observations.

Mazandarani, A, Mahlia, TMI, Chong, WT & Moghavvemi, M 2011, 'Fuel consumption and emission prediction by Iranian power plants until 2025', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1575-1592.
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McGregor, C 2011, 'Methodologies for implementing clinical applications of complexity at the bedside', Journal of Critical Care, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. e18-e18.
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McIntosh, BS, Ascough, JC, Twery, M, Chew, J, Elmahdi, A, Haase, D, Harou, JJ, Hepting, D, Cuddy, S, Jakeman, AJ, Chen, S, Kassahun, A, Lautenbach, S, Matthews, K, Merritt, W, Quinn, NWT, Rodriguez-Roda, I, Sieber, S, Stavenga, M, Sulis, A, Ticehurst, J, Volk, M, Wrobel, M, van Delden, H, El-Sawah, S, Rizzoli, A & Voinov, A 2011, 'Environmental decision support systems (EDSS) development – Challenges and best practices', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 1389-1402.
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Meng, F, Zhou, Z, Ni, B-J, Zheng, X, Huang, G, Jia, X, Li, S, Xiong, Y & Kraume, M 2011, 'Characterization of the size-fractionated biomacromolecules: Tracking their role and fate in a membrane bioreactor', Water Research, vol. 45, no. 15, pp. 4661-4671.
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Meng, X, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Zhang, Q, Zhu, JG, Guo, Y & Liu, D 2011, 'Robust Multilevel Optimization of PMSM Using Design for Six Sigma', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 3248-3251.
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In this paper, a robust optimization method based on design for six sigma (DFSS) is combined to the optimization of a surface mounted permanent synchronous machine (PMSM) by using multilevel genetic algorithm (MLGA). First, MLGA and DFSS are introduced in the robust optimization. Second, by taking into account the tolerances of the motor products, important input parameters could be varied with six sigma distribution and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method is used to reduce the calculation cost. Third, to verify the new algorithm, the presented algorithm is applied to the optimization of a PMSM. The results compared with those of traditional GA and MLGA and the discussion of the robust optimization combined with MLGA are presented.

Meng, ZX, Xu, XX, Zheng, W, Zhou, HM, Li, L, Zheng, YF & Lou, X 2011, 'Preparation and characterization of electrospun PLGA/gelatin nanofibers as a potential drug delivery system', Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 97-102.
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Merigo, JM 2011, 'The uncertain probabilistic weighted average and its application in the theory of expertons', AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, vol. 5, no. 15, pp. 6092-6102.

Merigó, JM 2011, 'A unified model between the weighted average and the induced OWA operator', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 11560-11572.
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Merigó, JM 2011, 'Fuzzy multi-person decision making with fuzzy probabilistic aggregation operators', International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 163-174.
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We present a fuzzy multi-person decision making model with fuzzy probabilistic information. For doing so, we present the fuzzy probabilistic ordered weighted averaging (FPOWA) operator. It is an aggregation operator that unifies the fuzzy probabilistic aggregation and the fuzzy OWA (FOWA) operator in the same formulation considering the degree of importance that each concept has in the analysis. We study its applicability and we see that it is very broad because all the previous studies that use the probability or the OWA operator can be revised and extended with this new approach. We focus on a multi-person decision making problem that unifies risk and uncertain environments in the same formulation. We implement this approach in a political management problem regarding the selection of fiscal policies. © 2011 TFSA.

Merigo, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'Generalized aggregation operators in decision making with Dempster-Shafer belief structure', Information, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 2711-2732.
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We present a general method for decision making with Dempster-Shafer belief structure based on generalized aggregation operators. The main advantage of this approach is that it gives a more complete formulation of the D-S framework because it is able to provide a wide range of aggregation operators by using generalized means, quasi-arithmetic means and ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operators. Thus, we are able to formulate the D-S approach by using the usual arithmetic means but also using other types of means such as geometric or quadratic means. We study different properties and particular cases based on the generalized OWA operator. We further generalize this approach by using the Quasi-OWA operator. Moreover, we extend this approach by using induced aggregation operators and the hybrid average. The paper ends with an illustrative example of the new approach in a decision making problem regarding the selection of strategies. © 2011 International Information Institute.

Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'A New Minkowski Distance Based on Induced Aggregation Operators', International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 123-133.
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Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'Decision Making with Dempster-Shafer Theory Using Fuzzy Induced Aggregation Operators', Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, vol. 265, pp. 209-228.
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We develop a new approach for decision making with Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence where the available information is uncertain and it can be assessed with fuzzy numbers. With this approach, we are able to represent the problem without losing relevant information, so the decision maker knows exactly which are the different alternatives and their consequences. For doing so, we suggest the use of different types of fuzzy induced aggregation operators in the problem. Then, we can aggregate the information considering all the different scenarios that could happen in the analysis. As a result, we get new types of fuzzy induced aggregation operators such as the belief structure - fuzzy induced ordered weighted averaging (BS-FIOWA) and the belief structure - fuzzy induced hybrid averaging (BS-FIHA) operator. We study some of their main properties. We further generalize this approach by using fuzzy induced generalized aggregation operators. We also develop an application of the new approach in a financial decision making problem about selection of financial strategies. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'Decision-making with distance measures and induced aggregation operators', Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 66-76.
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Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'Induced aggregation operators in the Euclidean distance and its application in financial decision making', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 7603-7608.
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Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'Induced and uncertain heavy OWA operators', Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 106-116.
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MERIGÓ, JM & CASANOVAS, M 2011, 'THE UNCERTAIN GENERALIZED OWA OPERATOR AND ITS APPLICATION TO FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING', International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, vol. 10, no. 02, pp. 211-230.
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We introduce the uncertain generalized OWA (UGOWA) operator. This operator is an extension of the OWA operator that uses generalized means and uncertain information represented as interval numbers. By using UGOWA, it is possible to obtain a wide range of uncertain aggregation operators such as the uncertain average (UA), the uncertain weighted average (UWA), the uncertain OWA (UOWA) operator, the uncertain ordered weighted geometric (UOWG) operator, the uncertain ordered weighted quadratic averaging (UOWQA) operator, the uncertain generalized mean (UGM), and many specialized operators. We study some of its main properties, and we further generalize the UGOWA operator using quasi-arithmetic means. The result is the Quasi-UOWA operator. We end the paper by presenting an application to a decision-making problem regarding the selection of financial strategies.

Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'The uncertain induced quasi-arithmetic OWA operator', International Journal of Intelligent Systems, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 1-24.
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Merigo, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2011, 'OWA OPERATORS IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT', ECONOMIC COMPUTATION AND ECONOMIC CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND RESEARCH, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 153-168.

Merigó, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2011, 'Decision-making in sport management based on the OWA operator', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 10408-10413.
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Merigó, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2011, 'Fuzzy induced generalized aggregation operators and its application in multi-person decision making', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 9761-9772.
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Merigó, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2011, 'Owa operators in human resource management', Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, vol. 2, pp. 118-134.
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We develop a new approach that uses the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator in different methods for the selection of human resources. The objective of this new model is to manipulate the neutrality of the old methods, so the decision maker can select human resources according to his degree of optimism or pessimism. In order to develop this model, first, a short revision of the OWA operators is introduced. Next, we briefly explain the general model for the selection of human resources and suggest three new indexes for the selection of human resources that use the OWA operator and the hybrid average in the Hamming distance, in the adequacy coefficient and in the index of maximum and minimum level. The main advantage of this method is that it is more complete than the previous ones so the decision maker gets a better understanding of the decision problem. The work ends with an illustrative example that shows the results obtained by using different types of aggregation operators in the new approaches.

Merigó, JM & Wei, G 2011, 'PROBABILISTIC AGGREGATION OPERATORS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN UNCERTAIN MULTI-PERSON DECISION-MAKING / TIKIMYBINIAI SUMAVIMO OPERATORIAI IR JŲ TAIKYMAS PRIIMANT GRUPINIUS SPRENDIMUS NEAPIBRĖŽTOJE APLINKOJE', Technological and Economic Development of Economy, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 335-351.
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We present the uncertain probabilistic ordered weighted averaging (UPOWA) operator. It is an aggregation operator that uses probabilities and OWA operators in the same formulation considering the degree of importance of each concept in the analysis. Moreover, it also uses uncertain information assessed with interval numbers in the aggregation process. The main advantage of this aggregation operator is that it is able to use the attitudinal character of the decision maker and the available probabilistic information in an environment where the information is very imprecise and can be assessed with interval numbers. We study some of its main properties and particular cases such as the uncertain probabilistic aggregation (UPA) and the uncertain OWA (UOWA) operator. We also develop an application of the new approach in a multi-person decision-making problem in political management regarding the selection of monetary policies. Thus, we obtain the multiperson UPOWA (MP-UPOWA) operator. We see that this model gives more complete information of the decision problem because it is able to deal with decision making problems under uncertainty and under risk in the same formulation. Santrauka Autoriai pristato tikimybinį svertinio vidurkio operatorių, taikytiną neapibrežtumo sąlygomis. Tai tikimybėmis pagrįstas sumavimo operatorius, kuris kartu su svertinio vidurkio operatoriais gali įvertinti alternatyvų svarbumo laipsnį. Be to, jis gali operuoti neapibrežta informacija, išreikšta skaičiais intervaluose. Pagrindinis šio operatoriaus privalumas yra tas, kad jį galima taikyti uždaviniams, kuriuose informacija yra netiksli. Išnagrinėtos kai kurios minėto operatoriaus savybės. Sukurtas metodas pritaikytas monetarinei politikai parinkti, situacijai, kai sprendimus priima žmoniu grupė. Modelis suteikia išsamesnę informaciją apie problemą, nes gali įvertinti neapibrežtumus ir riziką.

Merigo, JM, Gil-Lafuente, AM & Gil-Aluja, J 2011, 'Decision making with the induced generalized adequacy coefficient', Applied and Computational Mathematics, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 321-339.
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We introduce the induced generalized ordered weighted averaging adequacy coefficient (IGOWAAC) operator. The main advantage is that it provides a more complete generalization of the aggregation operators that includes a wide range of situations. We apply the new approach in a decision making problem.

Merigo, JM, Gil-Lafuente, AM & Gil-Aluja, J 2011, 'Soft computing techniques for decision making with induced aggregation operators', Information, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 2019-2039.
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We present a method for decision making by using induced aggregation operators. This method is very useful for business decision making problems such as product management, investment selection and strategic management We introduce a new aggregation operator that uses the induced ordered weighted averaging (IOWA) operator in the adequacy coefficient. We call it the induced ordered weighted averaging adequacy coefficient (IOWAAC) operator. The main advantage is that it is able to deal with complex attitudinal characters in the aggregation process. Thus, we are able to give a better representation of the problem considering the complex environment that affects the decisions. We study some of the main properties of this approach and we see mat it includes the IOWA operator as a special case. We also see that sometimes this approach becomes the Hamming distance or more precisely, the induced OWA distance (IOWAD) operator. We further extend the IOWAAC operator by using the hybrid average, obtaining the induced hybrid averaging adequacy coefficient (IHAAC). We end the paper with a numerical example of the new approach in a decision making problem regarding product management. © 2011 International Information Institute.

Merigo, JM, Gil-Lafuente, AM, Zhou, L & Chenm, H 2011, 'Generalization of the linguistic aggregation operator and its application in decision making', Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 593-603.
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Mihăiţă, AS & Mocanu, S 2011, 'Simulation en temps continu pour la commande orientée événements des systèmes stochastiques à commutation', European Journal of Automation (JESA), vol. 45, pp. 157-172.

Mihaita, S & Mocanu, S 2011, 'Simulation en temps continu pour la commande orientée événements des systèmes stochastiques à commutation. Modélisation, contrôle et simulation des systèmes stochastiques à commutation', Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés, vol. 45, no. 1-3, pp. 157-172.
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This paper presents a continuous time simulation method for stochastic switching systems while applying event-based control. The main system we have used is a multi-state integrator having a switching behavior, being described by a continuous-time Markov Chain. The objective of the event-based control method is to maintain the continuous system state variable between extreme limits. Control stopping limits have also been taken into consideration. Finally we present the results we have obtained in order to minimize a quadratic energy cost while applying event-based control. © 2011 Lavoisier, Paris.

Miliszewska, I & Sztendur, E 2011, 'Critical Success Attributes of Transnational IT Education Programmes: The Client Perspective', Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 123-137.
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How can transnational education (TNE) programs be made more effective? According to the literature, no one is in a better position to comment on this question than the students themselves. At the same time, there is a recognized scarcity in the literature of student input into the issue of transnational program effectiveness. In consideration of this need, a research study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of TNE programs from the student perspective. To this end, transnational students' views on the various dimensions of the TNE context were used as a key indicator of the effectiveness of transnational programs. The evaluated dimensions included student, instructor, curriculum and instruction design, interaction, evaluation and assessment, technology, and program management, and organisational support. Data for the study was collected from approximately five hundred transnational students participating in eight transnational undergraduate computing programs offered by four Australian universities in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore and Vietnam. Overall, students from the eight different programs considered in this study were in agreement as to the factors they perceived as most important to the effectiveness of transnational programs. As anticipated and confirmed by the literature, students were of the view that their own motivation, self-discipline, and the ability to work independently, as well as in a team, was a pre-condition of an effective program. With respect to instructors, students attached the greatest importance to the instructors' ability to understand program requirements and student needs, use communication skills effectively, and be well prepared and organized. They were also in agreement regarding the importance of instructors' experience with technology-based programs and their ability to provide well-designed syllabus and presentation outlines. The relevance of the curriculum to job and career was perceived as the most important aspect ...

Milner, A, McClure, R, Sun, J & De Leo, D 2011, 'Globalisation and suicide: An empirical investigation in 35 countries over the period 1980–2006', Health & Place, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 996-1003.
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Mitchell, MR, Link, RE, Anbazhagan, P, Buddhima, I & Amarajeevi, G 2011, 'Characterization of Clean and Fouled Rail Track Ballast Subsurface Using Seismic Surface Survey Method: Model and Field Studies', Journal of Testing and Evaluation, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 103472-103472.
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The efficiency of track foundation material gradually decreases due to insufficient lateral confinement, ballast fouling, and loss of shear strength of the subsurface soil under cyclic loading. This paper presents characterization of rail track subsurface to identify ballast fouling and subsurface layers shear wave velocity using seismic survey. Seismic surface wave method of multi-channel analysis of surface wave (MASW) has been carried out in the model track and field track for finding out shear wave velocity of the clean and fouled ballast and track subsurface. The shear wave velocity (SWV) of fouled ballast increases with increase in fouling percentage, and reaches a maximum value and then decreases. This character is similar to typical compaction curve of soil, which is used to define optimum and critical fouling percentage (OFP and CFP). Critical fouling percentage of 15 % is noticed for Coal fouled ballast and 25 % is noticed for clayey sand fouled ballast. Coal fouled ballast reaches the OFP and CFP before clayey sand fouled ballast. Fouling of ballast reduces voids in ballast and there by decreases the drainage. Combined plot of permeability and SWV with percentage of fouling shows that after critical fouling point drainage condition of fouled ballast goes below acceptable limit. Shear wave velocities are measured in the selected location in the Wollongong field track by carrying out similar seismic survey. In-situ samples were collected and degrees of fouling were measured. Field SWV values are more than that of the model track SWV values for the same degree of fouling, which might be due to sleeper's confinement. This article also highlights the ballast gradation widely followed in different countries and presents the comparison of Indian ballast gradation with international gradation standards. Indian ballast contains a coarser particle size when compared to other countries. The upper limit of Indian gradation curve matches with lower limit of ballast...

MIYANAGA, Y 2011, 'Message from the Section of Internationalization in Engineering Sciences Society', IEICE ESS Fundamentals Review, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 274-275.
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Mohammadnejad, M, Ghazvini, M, Mahlia, TMI & Andriyana, A 2011, 'A review on energy scenario and sustainable energy in Iran', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 4652-4658.
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Mohammed, T, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2011, 'Biofiltration as pre-treatment to water harvesting and recycling', Water Science and Technology, vol. 63, no. 10, pp. 2097-2105.
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This paper presents the results of the long term biofilter experiments conducted with raw stormwater collected from a canal at Carlton, in Sydney. Anthracite and granular activated carbon (GAC) were used as a single filter media in biofilter columns. Media heights of 75 and 40 cm were used. The filter columns were operated at filtration velocities of 0.12 and 0.25 m/h. The removal efficiency for turbidity and DOC for the GAC filter media were found to be 75% and almost 100% respectively. The removal efficiency for the anthracite filter was much lower. Molecular weight distribution analysis showed an almost similar trend to the DOC removal. Compared with anthracite filter media, the GAC biofilter removed a much larger range of organic compounds present in the stormwater. The GAC biofilter removes organic matter earlier as compared to anthracite. Based on a limited sample of stormwater, the removal efficiency for phosphorus was upto 74% and that of nitrogen was up to 30%. In general GAC filter shows higher heavy metal removal efficiency than anthracite. The removal of zinc, iron, lead and nickel were good. However the concentration of heavy metal in the raw surface water sample was low.

Molla, MM, Saha, SC & Hossain, MA 2011, 'Radiation effect on free convection laminar flow along a vertical flat plate with streamwise sinusoidal surface temperature', MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING, vol. 53, no. 5-6, pp. 1310-1319.
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Molla, MM, Saha, SC, Khan, MAI & Hossain, MA 2011, 'Radiation effects on natural convection laminar flow from a horizontal circular cylinder', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 30, no. 1-3, pp. 89-97.
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Moore, G, Kerr, R & Hadgraft, R 2011, 'Self-guided field trips for students of environments', European Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 107-118.
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In many learning institutions around the world, there is a trend towards larger classes, more flexible learning pathways and reduced teaching resources. Experiential learning is often used in the form of site visits or field trips for students studying engineering, natural resource management, geography and similar disciplines. Providing opportunities for students to undertake field trips without the traditional support mechanism is one of the more challenging issues for subject designers. How can large cohorts of students gain practical exposure to various aspects of the natural or built environment? Although this is typically done using traditional site visits and fieldwork with a high staff/student ratio, the goal has been to use action research to design and develop resources to enable small groups (three or four) to make self-guided visits to sites close to campus. Multimedia resources to examine and interpret aspects of the site that relate to their on-campus learning guide the students. One critical issue in the success of these activities has been proper risk assessment and control procedures. The outcome of this research is a framework to provide a safe, active learning experience by way of self-guided field trips that is suitable for implementation with large classes. © 2011 SEFI.

Moore, HC, Johnston, M, Nicol, SM, Bourdon, J-C, Thompson, AM, Hutvagner, G & Fuller-Pace, FV 2011, 'An evolutionarily conserved, alternatively spliced, intron in the p68/DDX5 DEAD-box RNA helicase gene encodes a novel miRNA', RNA, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 555-562.
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The DEAD-box RNA helicase p68 (DDX5) plays important roles in several cellular processes, including transcription, pre-mRNA processing, and microRNA (miRNA) processing. p68 expression is growth and developmentally regulated, and alterations in p68 expression and/or function have been implicated in tumor development. The p68 gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved, alternatively spliced, intron the function of which has to date remained unclear. Although the intron-containing p68 RNA does not appear to yield an alternative p68 protein, it is differentially expressed in cell lines and tissues, indicating regulation of expression. Here we show that the p68 conserved intron encodes a novel putative miRNA, suggesting a previously unknown possible regulatory function for the p68 intron. We show that this miRNA (referred to as p68 miRNA) is processed from the intron via the canonical miRNA-processing pathway and that it associates with the Argonaute protein Ago2. Finally we show that the p68 miRNA suppresses an mRNA bearing complementary target sequences, suggesting that it is functional. These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which alterations in p68 expression may impact on the cell.

Moore, JL, Dickson-Deane, C & Galyen, K 2011, 'e-Learning, online learning, and distance learning environments: Are they the same?', The Internet and Higher Education, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 129-135.
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Movassaghi, S, Abolhasan, M & Lipman, J 2011, 'Addressing Schemes for Body Area Networks', IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 1310-1313.
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This letter explores address allocation in Body Area Networks (BANs) and proposes two novel schemes - Optimized Prophet Address Allocation (OPAA) and Hierarchical Collisionfree Address Protocol (HCAP). The aim of the schemes is to use fewer bits in the address space, solve address wastage problems, reduce collisions and improve power efficiency. The usability and efficiency of the proposed schemes is shown through simulation and analysis.

Mullai, P, Arulselvi, S, Ngo, H-H & Sabarathinam, PL 2011, 'Experiments and ANFIS modelling for the biodegradation of penicillin-G wastewater using anaerobic hybrid reactor', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5492-5497.
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The performance of an anaerobic hybrid reactor (AHR) for treating penicillin-G wastewater was investigated at the ambient temperatures of 30-35 degrees C for 245 days in three phases. The experimental data were analysed by adopting an adaptive network-ba

Mullard, JA & Stewart, MG 2011, 'Corrosion-induced cover cracking: New test data and predictive models', ACI Structural Journal, vol. 108, no. 1, pp. 71-79.
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This paper presents an improved model that will be used to predict the timing of corrosion-induced cover cracking for reinforced concrete (RC) structures in chloride environments. An accelerated corrosion experimental program measured concrete cover cracking for RC slabs based on various concrete covers, concrete tensile strengths, and reinforcing bar diameters. A new empirical crack propagation model based on the test data was then developed. A correction factor for concrete confinement is proposed to account for bars located at edges and corners of RC structures. A rate of loading correction factor is applied to allow the cracking times for accelerated corrosion rates to be adjusted for the lower corrosion rates 'generally found in RC structures. A statistical analysis of model accuracy is used to account for variabilities between model prediction and experimental data. Copyright © 2011, American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved.

Na, S-H, Shon, H-K & Kim, J-H 2011, 'Minimization of excess sludge and cryptic growth of microorganisms by alkaline treatment of activated sludge', Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 164-169.
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Sludge solubilization was induced by the alkaline-thermal treatment to investigate the cryptic growth and reduction of a large amount of activated sludge produced from wastewater treatment. Activated sludge was divided into lysate, supernatant fraction and particulate fraction for a biodegradability test by cryptic growth. Sludge was reduced up to 78% at pH 13 and 44% at pH 10 using the single alkaline-thermal treatment. Also, it was found that alkalinethermal treatment at pH 13 increased the quantity of intracellular components generated by cell lysis and promoted the power of significant cell destruction. The neutralization of pH after the solubilized activated sludge led to high biodegradability of organic carbon sources generated by cell lysis. This can be utilized in minimizing activated sludge.

Na, S-H, Shon, HK, Kim, JB, Park, HJ & Kim, J-H 2011, 'Preparation and characterization of titania nanoparticle produced from Ti-flocculated sludge with paper mill wastewater', Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 277-281.
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Sludge disposal after flocculation with paper mill wastewater is one of the most costly and environmentally problematic challenges. In this study, an effective sludge recycling process was proposed using Ti-salt coagulant instead of the currently used Fe-salt. Paper mill wastewater flocculation using TiCl4 and FeCl3 coagulants was investigated for organic removal and precipitation efficiency. A large amount of titania nanoparticle was produced after incineration of sludge of Ti-salt flocculation in paper mill wastewater. The titania nanoparticle was characterized in terms of physical and chemical properties. Results showed that the removal efficiency of organic matter at the optimum concentrations of Ti- and Fe-salt was 69% and 65%, respectively. The removal of turbidity was 99%. Titania recovered from 600 8C incineration of the settled sludge consisted of the anatase titania structure. The titania from printing paper mill wastewater showed irregularly aggregated structures with round shape of dimension of 10â15 nm as a primary crystal growth. Various dopant materialswere found to be carbon (4.3%), magnesium (0.9%), aluminium (1.9%), silicon (1.7%), sulphur (0.7%) and calcium (3.8%). 60% of acetaldehyde concentration under UV irradiation was removed with the titania nanoparticles produced from the printing paper mill wastewater.

Newell, B, Marsh, DM & Sharma, D 2011, 'Enhancing the Resilience of the Australian National Electricity Market: Taking a Systems Approach in Policy Development', Ecology and Society, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 0-0.
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As the complexity and interconnectedness of present-day social-ecological systems become steadily more apparent, there is increasing pressure on governments, policy makers, and managers to take a systems approach to the challenges facing humanity. However, how can this be done in the face of system complexity and uncertainties? In this paper we briefly discuss practical ways that policy makers can take up the systems challenge. We focus on resilience thinking, and the use of influence diagrams, causal-loop diagrams, and system archetypes. As a case study, set in the context of the climate-energy-water nexus, we use some of these system concepts and tools to carry out an initial exploration of factors that can affect the resilience of the Australian National Electricity Market. We stress the need for the electricity sector to prepare for the impacts of global change by encouraging innovation and diversity, supporting modularity and redundancy, and embracing the need for a policy making approach that takes account of the dynamics of the wider social-ecological system. Finally, taking a longer term view, we conclude by recommending that policy makers work to reduce reliance on conventional market mechanisms, institute continuing crosssector dialogue, and promote basic education in system dynamics.

Nghiem, LD & Cath, T 2011, 'A scaling mitigation approach during direct contact membrane distillation', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 315-322.
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Nghiem, LD, Hildinger, F, Hai, FI & Cath, T 2011, 'Treatment of saline aqueous solutions using direct contact membrane distillation', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 234-241.
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Ngoc, HP, Fujita, H, Ozaki, K & Uchida, N 2011, 'Phase Angle Control of High-Frequency Resonant Currents in a Multiple Inverter System for Zone-Control Induction Heating', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 3357-3366.
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This paper presents a phase angle control method of high-frequency resonant currents in a zone-control induction heating (ZCIH) system, which consists of split working coils and multiple inverters. The ZCIH system controls the amplitude of each coil current to make the temperature distribution on the workpiece uniform. The amplitude of the coil current can be controlled in a wide range when its phase angle is adjusted to be the same with other coil currents. This paper theoretically derives the phase-angle change of the coil current in transient states, and reveals that the phase-angle change can be considered as a first-order response. A phase-angle controller was designed and examined in experiments using a two-zone ZCIH system. It is clarified that the phase angle control makes it possible to adjust the current phase angle not only in steady states but also in transient states.

Nguyen, TN, Su, SW & Nguyen, HT 2011, 'Robust Neuro-Sliding Mode Multivariable Control Strategy for Powered Wheelchairs', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 105-111.
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This paper proposes an advanced robust multivariable control strategy for a powered wheelchair system. The new control strategy is based on a combination of the systematic triangularization technique and the robust neuro-sliding mode control approach. This strategy effectively copes with parameter uncertainties and external disturbances in real-time in order to achieve robustness and optimal performance of a multivariable system. This novel strategy reduces coupling effects on a multivariable system, eliminates chattering phenomena, and avoids the plant Jacobian calculation problem. Furthermore, the strategy can also achieve fast and global convergence using less computation. The effectiveness of the new multivariable control strategy is verified in real-time implementation on a powered wheelchair system. The obtained results confirm that robustness and desired performance of the overall system are guaranteed, even under parameter uncertainty and external disturbance effects.

Nguyen, TT, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, Phuntsho, S & Li, J 2011, 'A new sponge tray bioreactor in primary treated sewage effluent treatment', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5444-5447.
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The new attached growth sponge tray bioreactor (STB) was evaluated at different operating conditions for removing organics and nutrients from primary treated sewage effluent. This STB was also assessed when using as a pre-treatment prior to micro-filtrat

Nguyen, TV & Pham, LT 2011, 'Scientific output and its relationship to knowledge economy: an analysis of ASEAN countries', Scientometrics, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 107-117.
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This article seeks to examine the relationship between scientific output and knowledge economy index in 10 South East Asian countries (ASEAN). Using bibliometric data of the Institute of Scientific Information, we analyzed the number of scientific articles published in international peer-reviewed journals between 1991 and 2010 for Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, and Singapore. During the 20-year period, scientists from the ASEAN countries have published 165,020 original articles in ISI indexed journals, which represents similar to 0.5% of the world scientific output. Singapore led the region with the highest number of publications (accounting for 45% of the countries' total publications), followed by Thailand (21%), Malaysia (16%), Vietnam (6%), Indonesia and the Philippines (5% each). The number of scientific articles from those countries has increased by 13% per year, with the rate of increase being highest in Thailand and Malaysia, and lowest in Indonesia and the Philippines. At the country level, the correlation between knowledge economy index and scientific output was 0.94. Based on the relationship between scientific output and knowledge economy, we identified 4 clusters of countries: Singapore as the first group; Thailand and Malaysia in the second group; Vietnam, Indonesia and the Philippines in the third group; and Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Brunei in the fourth group. These data suggested that there was a strong relationship between scientific research and the degree of "knowledgization" of economy.

Nguyen, TV, Zhang, R, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH, Kandasamy, J & Mathes, P 2011, 'Removal of organic matter from effluents by Magnetic Ion Exchange (MIEX (R))', DESALINATION, vol. 276, no. 1-3, pp. 96-102.
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Magnetic Ion Exchange Resin (MIEX®) is effective in removing the majority of organic carbon from biologically treated wastewater. It removed 77% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from synthetic wastewater when operated in batch mode using a MIEX® concentration of 10 mL/L. A pseudo secondorder reaction rate model namely the Ho model was used for the kinetic study and it was found that it provided a realistic description of the adsorption kinetics of DOC. A fluidised bed MIEX® contactor effectively removed organic matter from synthetic biologically treated sewage effluent with more than 60% DOC removal even after 172 bed volumes. The regenerated MIEX® resin did not display any significant reduction in its ability to remove organic matter.

NGUYEN, TXM, MIYANAGA, Y & SAIVICHIT, C 2011, 'Connectivity Modeling Analysis in Flight-Path Based Aviation Ad Hoc Networks', IEICE Transactions on Communications, vol. E94-B, no. 6, pp. 1606-1616.
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Ni, B-J, Liu, H, Nie, Y-Q, Zeng, RJ, Du, G-C, Chen, J & Yu, H-Q 2011, 'Coupling glucose fermentation and homoacetogenesis for elevated acetate production: Experimental and mathematical approaches', Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 345-353.
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Ni, B-J, Rittmann, BE & Yu, H-Q 2011, 'Soluble microbial products and their implications in mixed culture biotechnology', Trends in Biotechnology, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 454-463.
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Ni, B-J, Ruscalleda, M, Pellicer-Nàcher, C & Smets, BF 2011, 'Modeling Nitrous Oxide Production during Biological Nitrogen Removal via Nitrification and Denitrification: Extensions to the General ASM Models', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 45, no. 18, pp. 7768-7776.
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Ni, B-J, Sheng, G-P & Yu, H-Q 2011, 'Model-based characterization of endogenous maintenance, cell death and predation processes of activated sludge in sequencing batch reactors', Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 747-754.
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Ni, B-J, Xie, W-M, Chen, Y-P, Fang, F, Liu, S-Y, Ren, T-T, Sheng, G-P, Yu, H-Q, Liu, G & Tian, Y-C 2011, 'Heterotrophs grown on the soluble microbial products (SMP) released by autotrophs are responsible for the nitrogen loss in nitrifying granular sludge', Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. 108, no. 12, pp. 2844-2852.
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Ni, B-J, Zeng, RJ, Fang, F, Xie, W-M, Xu, J, Sheng, G-P, Sun, Y-J & Yu, H-Q 2011, 'Evaluation on factors influencing the heterotrophic growth on the soluble microbial products of autotrophs', Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. 108, no. 4, pp. 804-812.
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Nizami, S, Green, JR & McGregor, C 2011, 'Service oriented architecture to support real-time implementation of artifact detection in critical care monitoring', 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, pp. 4925-4928.
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Oberst, S & Lai, JCS 2011, 'Chaos in brake squeal noise', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 330, no. 5, pp. 955-975.
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Oberst, S & Lai, JCS 2011, 'Statistical analysis of brake squeal noise', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 330, no. 12, pp. 2978-2994.
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Ocko, SA, Chen, X, Zeng, B, Yoshida, B, Ji, Z, Ruskai, MB & Chuang, IL 2011, 'Quantum Codes Give Counterexamples to the Unique Preimage Conjecture of theN-Representability Problem', Physical Review Letters, vol. 106, no. 11.
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O'Dowd, BF, Ji, X, Alijaniaram, M, Nguyen, T & George, SR 2011, 'Separation and reformation of cell surface dopamine receptor oligomers visualized in cells', European Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 658, no. 2-3, pp. 74-83.
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Oh, H-J & Pradhan, B 2011, 'Application of a neuro-fuzzy model to landslide-susceptibility mapping for shallow landslides in a tropical hilly area', Computers & Geosciences, vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 1264-1276.
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Okour, Y, Shon, HK, Liu, H, Kim, JB & Kim, JH 2011, 'Seasonal variation in the properties of titania photocatalysts produced from Ti-salt flocculated bioresource sludge', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5545-5549.
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Ti-salt flocculation of biologically treated sewage effluent (BTSE) was carried out on monthly basis during one year to trace the seasonal variation in the properties of BTSE, Ti-salt flocculated BTSE and titania photocatalysts. Titania photocatalysts were produced from incineration of Ti-salt flocculated sludge at 600 °C. The physio-chemical properties of BTSE, Ti-salt flocculated BTSE and titania photocatalysts were investigated. The photocatalytic activity of titania was examined using different substrates of rhodamine B and humic acid under UV light irradiation. Results indicated that the flocculation performance of Ti-salt was not affected by the seasonal variation of BTSE. BTSE characteristics resulted in marginal effect in titania characterisation and photocatalytic activity. Titania photocatalysts produced from Ti-salt flocculated sludge in different seasons showed constant anatase phase, high BET surface area and high photocatalytic activity.

Oliveira, RA, Canning, J, Cook, K, Nashqbandi, M & Pohl, AAP 2011, 'Compact dip-style viscometer based on the acousto-optic effect in a long period fiber grating', SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL, vol. 157, no. 2, pp. 621-626.
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Oliveira, RA, Marques, CAF, Cook, K, Canning, J, Nogueira, RN & Pohl, AAP 2011, 'Complex Bragg grating writing using direct modulation of the optical fiber with flexural waves', APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, vol. 99, no. 16.
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Oliveira, RA, Possetti, GRC, Marques, CAF, Jr, NPT, Cook, K, Kamikawachi, RC, Bavastri, C, Fabris, JL, Muller, M, Nogueira, RN, Canning, J & Pohl, AAP 2011, 'Control of the long period grating spectrum through low frequency flexural acoustic waves', MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 22, no. 4.
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Ong, HC, Mahlia, TMI & Masjuki, HH 2011, 'A review on emissions and mitigation strategies for road transport in Malaysia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 3516-3522.
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Ong, HC, Mahlia, TMI & Masjuki, HH 2011, 'A review on energy scenario and sustainable energy in Malaysia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 639-647.
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Ong, HC, Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH & Norhasyima, RS 2011, 'Comparison of palm oil, Jatropha curcas and Calophyllum inophyllum for biodiesel: A review', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 3501-3515.
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Otoom, AF, Gunes, H, Concha, OP & Piccardi, M 2011, 'MLiT: mixtures of Gaussians under linear transformations', PATTERN ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 193-205.
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The curse of dimensionality hinders the effectiveness of density estimation in high dimensional spaces. Many techniques have been proposed in the past to discover embedded, locally linear manifolds of lower dimensionality, including the mixture of princi

Paisitkriangkrai, S, Mei, T, Zhang, J & Hua, X-S 2011, 'Clip-based hierarchical representation for near-duplicate video detection', International Journal of Computer Mathematics, vol. 88, no. 18, pp. 3817-3833.
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Pan, HH, Wang, ZK, Lim, HS, Ng, SC, Zhang, VL, Kuok, MH, Tran, TT & Lu, XM 2011, 'Hypersonic confined eigenvibrations of gold nano-octahedra', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 98, no. 13, pp. 133123-133123.
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Pan, SJ, Tsang, IW, Kwok, JT & Yang, Q 2011, 'Domain Adaptation via Transfer Component Analysis', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 199-210.
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Domain adaptation allows knowledge from a source domain to be transferred to a different but related target domain. Intuitively, discovering a good feature representation across domains is crucial. In this paper, we first propose to find such a representation through a new learning method, transfer component analysis (TCA), for domain adaptation. TCA tries to learn some transfer components across domains in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space using maximum mean miscrepancy. In the subspace spanned by these transfer components, data properties are preserved and data distributions in different domains are close to each other. As a result, with the new representations in this subspace, we can apply standard machine learning methods to train classifiers or regression models in the source domain for use in the target domain. Furthermore, in order to uncover the knowledge hidden in the relations between the data labels from the source and target domains, we extend TCA in a semisupervised learning setting, which encodes label information into transfer components learning. We call this extension semisupervised TCA. The main contribution of our work is that we propose a novel dimensionality reduction framework for reducing the distance between domains in a latent space for domain adaptation. We propose both unsupervised and semisupervised feature extraction approaches, which can dramatically reduce the distance between domain distributions by projecting data onto the learned transfer components. Finally, our approach can handle large datasets and naturally lead to out-of-sample generalization. The effectiveness and efficiency of our approach are verified by experiments on five toy datasets and two real-world applications: cross-domain indoor WiFi localization and cross-domain text classification.

Panozzo, D, Puppo, E, Tarini, M, Pietroni, N & Cignoni, P 2011, 'Automatic Construction of Quad-Based Subdivision Surfaces Using Fitmaps.', IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., vol. 17, pp. 1510-1520.
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Park, C-H, Tijing, LD, Yun, Y & Kim, CS 2011, 'A novel electrical potential sensing method for in vitro stent fracture monitoring and detection', Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 213-222.
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This article describes a preliminary investigation and prototype fabrication of a novel potential sensing method to continuously monitor vascular stent fractures. A potential measurement system consisting of Wheatstone bridge circuit and signal conditioning circuit was designed for the cardiovascular stent durability and fatigue test. Each end of a bare and polyurethane-covered Nitinol vascular stent was electrically connected to the potential measurement system and then immersed either in simulated body fluid (SBF) media or distilled water at 36.4 ± 1 °C. When the stent experienced fracture (i.e., a cut), its electrical potential decreased with an increase in electrical resistance. This method successfully measured fractures in the stent regardless of location. Furthermore, the number of cycles at the onset of stent fracture was accurately detected and continuously monitored using this technique. Thus, the present fracture detection method, which to our knowledge is the first ever report to use electrical potential measurement for stent durability test, gives a fast, real-time, accurate and efficient detection of fractures in stent during in vitro fatigue and durability test.

PARVIN, S, HUSSAIN, FK, HAN, S & HUSSAIN, OK 2011, 'TRUST-BASED SPECTRUM SHARING FOR COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS', Journal of Interconnection Networks, vol. 12, no. 03, pp. 155-171.
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Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) is a promising technology which deals with shared spectrum access and usage in order to improve the utilization of limited radio spectrum resources for future wireless communications and mobile computing. Security becomes a very challenging issue in CRNs as different types of attacks are very common to cognitive radio technology compared to general wireless networks. The proper working of cognitive radio and the functionality of CRNs relies on the compliant behaviour of the secondary user. In order to address this issue, we propose two approaches in this paper. Firstly, we propose a trust aware model to authenticate the secondary users of CRNs which offers a reliable technique to provide a security-conscious decision by using trust evaluation for CRNs. Secondly, we propose an analytical model for analyzing the availability of spectrum in CRNs using a stochastic approach. We have modeled and analyzed the availability of free spectrum for the usage of secondary users by adopting different activities in a spectrum management scheme to improve the spectrum availability in CRNs.

Patel, M, Lal, SKL, Kavanagh, D & Rossiter, P 2011, 'Applying neural network analysis on heart rate variability data to assess driver fatigue', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 7235-7242.
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Long duration driving is a significant cause of fatigue related accidents on motorways. Fatigue caused by driving for extended hours can acutely impair drivers alertness and performance. This papers presents an artificial intelligence based system which could detect early onset of fatigue in drivers using heart rate variability (HRV) as the human physiological measure. The detection performance of neural network was tested using a set of electrocardiogram (ECG) data recorded under laboratory conditions. The neural network gave an accuracy of 90%. This HRV based fatigue detection technique can be used as a fatigue countermeasure.

Paul, G, Webb, S, Liu, D & Dissanayake, G 2011, 'Autonomous robot manipulator-based exploration and mapping system for bridge maintenance', ROBOTICS AND AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS, vol. 59, no. 7-8, pp. 543-554.
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This paper presents a system for Autonomous eXploration to Build A Map (AXBAM) of an unknown, 3D complex steel bridge structure using a 6 degree-of-freedom anthropomorphic robot manipulator instrumented with a laser range scanner. The proposed algorithm considers the trade-off between the predicted environment information gain available from a sensing viewpoint and the manipulator joint angle changes required to position a sensor at that viewpoint, and then obtains collision-free paths through safe, previously explored regions. Information gathered from multiple viewpoints is fused to achieve a detailed 3D map. Experimental results show that the AXBAM system explores and builds quality maps of complex unknown regions in a consistent and timely manner.

Peng, D, Xiang, Y, Yi, Z & Yu, S 2011, 'CM-Based Blind Equalization of Time-Varying SIMO-FIR Channel With Single Pulsation Estimation', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 2410-2415.
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Perkins, AD, Waldron, KJ & Csonka, PJ 2011, 'Heuristic control of bipedal running: steady-state and accelerated', ROBOTICA, vol. 29, pp. 939-947.
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Pettigrew, L & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Aqueous cleaning of manufactured parts/components: establishing the role of solution quality', International Journal of Sustainable Manufacturing, vol. 2, no. 2/3, pp. 127-127.
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Parts cleaning has gradually replaced solvent based cleaning during the manufacturing of parts and in maintenance workshop as a much more sustainable and cost benefit technology. In this study, the performance of aqueous parts cleaning was evaluated using two industrial parts cleaning systems. One system was equipped with a microfilter and oil skimmer to prolong the cleaning solution lifetime and the other was a generic parts cleaning system, which was not equipped with any contaminant control devices. It appears that aqueous parts cleaning could offer a high degree of cleanliness suitable for most typical maintenance workshops. However, the cleaning equipment used was critical to successful aqueous cleaning. The use of a microfilter and oil skimmer can reduce the amount of residuals left on parts and significantly extend solution life. Copyright © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Pham, TQ, Perry, SW, Fletcher, PA & Ashman, RA 2011, 'Paper fingerprinting using alpha-masked image matching', IET Computer Vision, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 232-232.
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Pham, TT, Nguyen, HH & Tuan, HD 2011, 'Beamforming in Nonorthogonal Amplify-and-Forward Relay Networks', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 1258-1263.
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This paper considers wireless amplify-and-forward (AF) relay networks in which the source communicates with the relays and destination in the first phase and the relays simultaneously forward signals to the destination in the second phase over uncorrelat

Pham, TTN, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, Dang, HPD, Mainali, B, Johnston, A & Listowski, A 2011, 'Responses of community to the possible use of recycled water for washing machines: A case study in Sydney, Australia', RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 535-540.
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Recycled water is a valuable resource that has potential to free up potable water supplies and recharge systems while improving the environment. Recycled water for washing machine could be one of the options as new end use of recycled water to alleviate the demand on existing and limited water supplies. This paper summarizes the findings of a research survey in Sydney, Australia to explore the attitudes and opinions of community towards the use of recycled water for different purposes, especially for the washing machine. The survey showed that 97% of the respondents were aware of the persisting water shortage problem while more than 60% of the respondents supported the use of recycled water for washing clothes. This paper exposes the basic concern of participants for using recycled water in washing machine. Health issue was found as the most concerns of the community. The survey also presents the further conditions to be considered for using recycled water for washing machine according to the participants' opinions. Correlation between knowledge and attitudes of respondents was also found in this survey.

Phuntsho, S, Listowski, A, Shon, HK, Le-Clech, P & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Membrane autopsy of a 10 year old hollow fibre membrane from Sydney Olympic Park water reclamation plant', DESALINATION, vol. 271, no. 1-3, pp. 241-247.
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Membrane autopsy was performed for a 10 year old polypropylene (PP) hollow fibre microfiltration membrane from Sydney Olympic Park water reclamation plant. The properties of the membrane were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging, contact angle, bubble test, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile strength test and functional group. The old and fouled membrane exhibited a significant difference in surface properties and material strength in comparison to the virgin membrane. The old and fouled membrane surface is less hydrophilic and less negatively charged indicating that aged membrane is more vulnerable to fouling than virgin membrane. The fibre material of the old fouled membrane appears less flexible and brittle. Foulant analysis indicated that major components of the metallic elements were silicon and calcium. The dissolved organic matter was mainly composed of biopolymers (hydrophilic) and humic substances (hydrophobic).

Phuntsho, S, Shon, HK, Hong, S, Lee, S & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'A novel low energy fertilizer driven forward osmosis desalination for direct fertigation: Evaluating the performance of fertilizer draw solutions', JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, vol. 375, no. 1-2, pp. 172-181.
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Forward osmosis (FO) is a novel and emerging low energy technology for desalination. It will be particularly more attractive, if the draw solution separation and recovery are not necessary after FO process. The application of this new concept is briefly described here in this paper for the desalination of saline water for irrigation, using fertilizer as a draw agent. Instead of separating the draw solution from desalinated water, the diluted fertilizer draw solution can be directly applied for fertigation. We report the results on the commonly used chemical fertilizers as FO draw solution. Based on the currently available FO technology, about nine different commonly used fertilizers were finally screened from a comprehensive list of fertilizers and, their performances were assessed in terms of pure water flux and reverse draw solute flux. These results indicate that, most soluble fertilizers can generate osmotic potential much higher than the sea water. The draw solutions of KCl, NaNO3 and KNO3 performed best in terms of water flux while NH4H2PO4, (NH4)2HPO4, Ca(NO3)2 and (NH4)2SO4 had the lowest reverse solute flux. Initial estimation indicates that, 1 kg of fertilizer can extract water ranging from 11 to 29 L from sea water.

Phuntsho, S, Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S & Cho, J 2011, 'Assessing membrane fouling potential of humic acid using flow field-flow fractionation', JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, vol. 373, no. 1-2, pp. 64-73.
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Flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF), although a separation technique, has many similarities with the crossflow membrane filtration system, thereby making it an ideal tool for studying membrane fouling. This study reports the assessment of the fouling potential of humic acid on ultrafiltration membrane using asymmetrical FlFFF. The fouling potential of organic matter was assessed by quantifying the reversible and irreversible adsorption of humic acid on the membrane through analysis of FlFFF fractogram. A strong correlation was observed between the reversible/irreversible adsorption data analysed and the membrane fouling potential. This assessment was further complimented by moment analysis results in order to interpret the fouling potential of humic acid. However, further researches are necessary before this approach can serve as an alternative index for measuring membrane fouling propensity.

Pietroni, N, Corsini, M, Cignoni, P & Scopigno, R 2011, 'An Interactive Local Flattening Operator to Support Digital Investigations on Artwork Surfaces.', IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., vol. 17, pp. 1989-1996.
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Pietroni, N, Tarini, M, Sorkine, O & Zorin, D 2011, 'Global parametrization of range image sets', ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 1-10.
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We present a method to globally parameterize a surface represented by height maps over a set of planes (range images). In contrast to other parametrization techniques, we do not start with a manifold mesh. The parametrization we compute defines a manifold structure, it is seamless and globally smooth, can be aligned to geometric features and shows good quality in terms of angle and area preservation, comparable to current parametrization techniques for meshes. Computing such global seamless parametrization makes it possible to perform quad remeshing, texture mapping and texture synthesis and many other types of geometry processing operations. Our approach is based on a formulation of the Poisson equation on a manifold structure defined for the surface by the range images. Construction of such global parametrization requires only a way to project surface data onto a set of planes, and can be applied directly to implicit surfaces, nonmanifold surfaces, very large meshes, and collections of range scans. We demonstrate application of our technique to all these geometry types.

Pirasteh, S, Pradhan, B & Rizvi, SM 2011, 'Tectonic process analysis in Zagros Mountain with the aid of drainage networks and topography maps dated 1950–2001 in GIS', Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 4, no. 1-2, pp. 171-180.
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Pongchaiyakul, C, Kotruchin, P, Wanothayaroj, E & Nguyen, TV 2011, 'An innovative prognostic model for predicting diabetes risk in the Thai population', Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 193-198.
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Objective: To estimate the prevalence and type 2 diabetes, and to develop a prognostic model for identifying individuals at high risk of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. Research design and methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional investigation with 4314 participants of Thai background, aged between 15 and 85 years (mean age: 48). Fasting plasma glucose was initially measured, and repeated if the first measurement was more than 126 mg/dl. Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed using the World Health Organizations criteria. Logistic regression model was used to develop prognostic models for men and women separately. The prognostic performance of the model was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and a nomogram was constructed from the logistic regression model. Results: The overall prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 7.4% (n = 125/1693) in men and 3.4% (n = 98/2621) in women. In either gender, the prevalence increased with age and body mass index (BMI). Gender, age, BMI and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were independently associated with type 2 diabetes risk. Based on the estimated parameters of model, a nomogram was constructed for predicting diabetes separated by gender. The AUC for the model with 3 factors was 0.75. Conclusions: These data suggest that the combination of age, BMI and systolic blood pressure could help identify Thai individuals at high risk of undiagnosed diabetes.

Pradhan, B 2011, 'An Assessment of the Use of an Advanced Neural Network Model with Five Different Training Strategies for the Preparation of Landslide Susceptibility Maps', Journal of Data Science, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 65-81.
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Pradhan, B 2011, 'Use of GIS-based fuzzy logic relations and its cross application to produce landslide susceptibility maps in three test areas in Malaysia', Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 329-349.
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Pradhan, B & Youssef, AM 2011, 'A 100-year maximum flood susceptibility mapping using integrated hydrological and hydrodynamic models: Kelantan River Corridor, Malaysia', Journal of Flood Risk Management, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 189-202.
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Pradhan, M, Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2011, 'Application of air flow for mitigation of particle deposition in submerged membrane microfiltration', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 201-207.
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This study investigates the effect of microfiltration operating conditions on membrane fouling of colloidal particles of kaolin clay. Experiments were conducted with a flat sheet membrane submerged in a suspension prepared from kaolin clay powder of size varying from 0.1 to 4 mm (Sigma) with a mean particle size 2.10 mm. The particle size distribution of clay was unimodal and the concentration of kaolin clay was similar to the biomass concentration in a membrane bioreactor (10 g/L). The effects of scouring and permeate flux rates were studied in terms of the membrane fouling rate. A linear relationship between the transmembrane pressure (TMP) and particle deposition was established for different air flow rates and permeate flow rates. Air scouring was more effective at a low permeate flux. There was only a minor change in the mean particle size of deposited colloidal particles on the membrane at a given flux under varying air flows and at the beginning all had a similar rise in TMP. However, at the later stages as particles accumulated on the membrane surface there was a significant rise in TMP. 15 LMH flux was observed as critical flux beyond which a rise in the permeate flux showed a sharp rise in the TMP which varied with air flow rates and particle deposition. The sharp TMP rise that occurred during the initial few hours of operation indicated that air flow for fouling mitigation strategies should target this period to optimise the membrane process. The study showed that air flow and flux rates are the two major governing factors for particle deposition on the membrane surface.

Purba, JH, Lu, J, Zhang, G & Ruan, D 2011, 'Failure possibilities for nuclear safety assessment by fault tree analysis', International Journal of Nuclear Knowledge Management, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 162-162.
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Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a deductive tool to assess the safety of nuclear power plants. This analysis can only be implemented if all basic events in the tree have their corresponding failure rates. Therefore, safety analysts have to provide those failure rates well in advance. However, it is often difficult to obtain those failure rates due to insufficient data, changing environment or new components. This paper proposes a failure possibility based FTA approach to overcome the limitation of the conventional FTA for nuclear safety assessment. It utilises the concept of failure possibilities to evaluate basic event failure without historical data, fuzzy numbers to map component failure possibilities into mathematical form and defuzzification algorithms to convert fuzzy numbers into component failure rates. A case study on evaluating a typical high pressure core spray system of a boiling water reactor illustrates the applicability of the proposed approach.

Qin, L, Yu, JX & Chang, L 2011, 'Scalable keyword search on large data streams.', VLDB J., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 35-57.
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It is widely recognized that the integration of information retrieval (IR) and database (DB) techniques provides users with a broad range of high quality services. Along this direction, IR-styled m-keyword query processing over a relational database in an rdbms framework has been well studied. It finds all hidden interconnected tuple structures, for example connected trees that contain keywords and are interconnected by sequences of primary/foreign key relationships among tuples. A new challenging issue is how to monitor events that are implicitly interrelated over an open-ended relational data stream for a user-given m-keyword query. Such a relational data stream is a sequence of tuple insertion/deletion operations. The difficulty of the problem is related to the number of costly joins to be processed over time when tuples are inserted and/or deleted. Such cost is mainly affected by three parameters, namely, the number of keywords, the maximum size of interconnected tuple structures, and the complexity of the database schema when it is viewed as a schema graph. In this paper, we propose new approaches. First, we propose a novel algorithm to efficiently determine all the joins that need to be processed for answering an m-keyword query. Second, we propose a new demand-driven approach to process such a query over a high speed relational data stream. We show that we can achieve high efficiency by significantly reducing the number of intermediate results when processing joins over a relational data stream. The proposed new techniques allow us to achieve high scalability in terms of both query plan generation and query plan execution. We conducted extensive experimental studies using synthetic data and real data to simulate a relational data stream. Our approach significantly outperforms existing algorithms.

Qin, P-Y, Guo, YJ, Cai, Y, Dutkiewicz, E & Liang, C-H 2011, 'A Reconfigurable Antenna With Frequency and Polarization Agility', IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, vol. 10, pp. 1373-1376.
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A new antenna with both frequency and polarization reconfigurability is presented. The antenna consists of a square microstrip patch with a single probe feed located along the diagonal line. The center of each edge of the patch is connected to a shorting post via a p-i-n diode for polarization switching and two varactor diodes for frequency tuning. By switching between the different states of the p-i-n diodes, the proposed antenna can produce radiation patterns with horizontal, vertical, or 45° linear polarization. By varying the dc bias voltage, the operating frequency of each polarization of the antenna can be independently tuned. The frequency tuning range is from 1.35 to 2.25 GHz (|S11| <; -10 dB) for either horizontal or vertical polarization and from 1.35 to 1.9 GHz for the 45° linear polarization. Measured results on frequency tuning ranges and radiation patterns agree well with numerical simulations.

Rahman, BMA, Uthman, M, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A & Grattan, KTV 2011, 'Design of bent photonic crystal fiber supporting a single polarization', Applied Optics, vol. 50, no. 35, pp. 6505-6505.
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Rahman, MM, Billah, MM, Rahman, ATMM, Kalam, MA & Ahsan, A 2011, 'Numerical investigation of heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids in an inclined lid-driven triangular enclosure', International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 1360-1367.
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Ranga, Y, Matekovits, L, Esselle, KP & Weily, AR 2011, 'Multioctave Frequency Selective Surface Reflector for Ultrawideband Antennas', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, pp. 219-222.
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Raza, M, Hussain, OK, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2011, 'Maturity, distance and density (MD2) metrics for optimizing trust prediction for business intelligence', JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 285-300.
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The modelling and management of trust between interacting parties are crucial parts of the overall business intelligence strategy for any organization. Predicting trust values is a key element of modelling and managing trust. It is of critical importance when the interaction is to be conducted at a future point in time. In the existing body of work, there are a few approaches for predicting trust. However, none of these approaches proposes a framework or methodology by which the predicted trust value can be considered in light of its accuracy or confidence level. This is a key element in order to ensure optimized trust prediction. In this paper, we propose a methodology to address this critical issue. The methodology comprises a suite of metricsmaturity, distance and density (MD2) which are capable of capturing various aspects of the confidence level in the predicted trust value. The proposed methodology is exemplified with the help of case studies.

Regmi, G, Indraratna, B, Nghiem, LD & Banasiak, L 2011, 'Evaluating waste concrete for the treatment of acid sulphate soil groundwater from coastal floodplains', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 126-132.
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Regmi, G, Indraratna, B, Nghiem, LD, Golab, A & Prasad, BG 2011, 'Treatment of Acidic Groundwater in Acid Sulfate Soil Terrain Using Recycled Concrete: Column Experiments', Journal of Environmental Engineering, vol. 137, no. 6, pp. 433-443.
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Riess, H 2011, 'Biomarkers in the Psychotherapeutic Relationship: The Role of Physiology, Neurobiology, and Biological Correlates of E.M.P.A.T.H.Y.', Harvard Review of Psychiatry, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 162-174.
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Currently no studies exist on assessing neurophysiological correlates, especially brain activity, during therapeutic alliance (TA) between client and therapist. The aims of this study were to assess electroencephalography (EEG) activity in the client with symptomatic anxiety throughout therapy during moments of high TA established using SCR measurements from both client and therapist. Fifteen clients aged, 48 ± 9.4 years (males: n=7, females: n=8) underwent six (S1-S6), weekly 1-hour psychotherapy sessions (90 hours of repeated measures). For the duration of therapy the frontal site remained active while the occipital site `went to sleep. During high TA the parietal cortex - the `seat of imagination, was active. The parietal cortex appears to be highly active when processing trauma as the client develops cognitive and emotional insight. The temporal site reflected accessing emotional memory with high alpha and beta activity. Heart-rate (HR) and anxiety levels decreased over time.

Rohde, PP 2011, 'Optimising number resolving photo-detectors using classical post-processing'.
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Many present day quantum optics experiments, particularly in optical quantum information processing, rely on number-resolving photo-detection as a basic building block. In this paper we demonstrate that a simple classical optimisation technique can sometimes be employed to post-process the detector signature and improve the confidence of the measurement outcome in the presence of photon-number errors such as loss or dark-counts. While the regime in which this technique is applicable is rather restrictive, and will likely not be very useful for the large-scale quantum information processing applications of the future, the ideas presented might be employed in some present-day experiments where photo-detectors are typically very poor.

Rohde, PP & Ralph, TC 2011, 'Error tolerance of the BosonSampling model for linear optics quantum computing', Phys. Rev. A, vol. 85, no. 2, p. 022332.
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Linear optics quantum computing (LOQC) is a promising approach to implementing scalable quantum computation (QC). However, this approach has very demanding physical resource requirements. Recently, Aaronson & Arkhipov showed that a simplified model, which avoids the requirement for fast feed-forward and post-selection, while likely not capable of solving BQP-complete problems efficiently, can solve an interesting sampling problem, believed to be classically hard. Loss and mode-mismatch are the dominant sources of error in such systems. We provide evidence that even lossy systems, or systems with mode-mismatch, are likely to be classically hard to simulate. This is of practical interest to experimentalists wishing to demonstrate such systems, since it suggests that even with errors in their implementation, they are likely implementing an algorithm which is classically hard to simulate. Our results also equivalently apply to the multi-walker quantum walk model.

Rohde, PP & Ralph, TC 2011, 'Time-resolved detection and mode-mismatch in a linear optics quantum gate', New J. Phys., vol. 13, p. 053036.
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Linear optics is a promising candidate for the implementation of quantum information processing protocols. In such systems single photons are employed to represent qubits. In practice, single photons produced from different sources will not be perfectly temporally and frequency matched. Therefore understanding the effects of temporal and frequency mismatch is important for characterising the dynamics of the system. In this paper we discuss the effects of temporal and frequency mismatch, how they differ, and what their effect is upon a simple linear optics quantum gate. We show that temporal and frequency mismatch exhibit inherently different effects on the operation of the gate. We also consider the spectral effects of the photo-detectors, focusing on time-resolved detection, which we show has a strong impact on the operation of such protocols.

Rohde, PP, Fedrizzi, A & Ralph, TC 2011, 'Entanglement dynamics and quasi-periodicity in discrete quantum walks', J. Mod. Opt. (2012), vol. 59, no. 8, pp. 710-720.
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We study the entanglement dynamics of discrete time quantum walks acting on bounded finite sized graphs. We demonstrate that, depending on system parameters, the dynamics may be monotonic, oscillatory but highly regular, or quasi-periodic. While the dynamics of the system are not chaotic since the system comprises linear evolution, the dynamics often exhibit some features similar to chaos such as high sensitivity to the system's parameters, irregularity and infinite periodicity. Our observations are of interest for entanglement generation, which is one primary use for the quantum walk formalism. Furthermore, we show that the systems we model can easily be mapped to optical beamsplitter networks, rendering experimental observation of quasi-periodic dynamics within reach.

Rollinson, CM, Huntington, ST, Gibson, BC, Rubanov, S & Canning, J 2011, 'Characterization of nanoscale features in tapered fractal and photonic crystal fibers', OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1860-1865.
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Ruta, D, Gabrys, B & Lemke, C 2011, 'A Generic Multilevel Architecture for Time Series Prediction', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 350-359.
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Sabbagh, AA, Braun, R & Abolhasan, M 2011, 'A comprehensive survey on rat selection algorithms for heterogeneous networks', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 73, pp. 141-145.
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Due to the coexistence of different Radio Access Technologies (RATs), Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWN) are predicted to be heterogeneous in nature. The coexistence of different RATs requires a need for Common Radio Resource Management (CRRM) to support the provision of Quality of Service (QoS) and the efficient utilization of radio resources. RAT selection algorithms are part of the CRRM algorithms. Simply, their role is to verify if an incoming call will be suitable to fit into a heterogeneous wireless network, and to decide which of the available RATs is most suitable to fit the need of the incoming call and admit it. Guaranteeing the requirements of QoS for all accepted calls and at the same time being able to provide the most efficient utilization of the available radio resources is the goal of RAT selection algorithm. The normal call admission control algorithms are designed for homogeneous wireless networks and they do not provide a solution to fit a heterogeneous wireless network which represents the NGWN. Therefore, there is a need to develop RAT selection algorithm for heterogeneous wireless network. In this paper, we propose an approach for RAT selection which includes receiving different criteria, assessing and making decisions, then selecting the most suitable RAT for incoming calls. A comprehensive survey of different RAT selection algorithms for a heterogeneous wireless network is studied.

Saha, SC 2011, 'Scaling of free convection heat transfer in a triangular cavity for Pr> 1', Energy and Buildings, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 2908-2917.
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Saha, SC 2011, 'Unsteady natural convection in a triangular enclosure under isothermal heating', Energy and Buildings, vol. 43, no. 2-3, pp. 695-703.
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Saha, SC & Gu, YT 2011, 'Free convection in a triangular enclosure with fluid-saturated porous medium and internal heat generation', ANZIAM Journal, vol. 52, pp. 127-127.
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Saha, SC & Gu, YT 2011, 'Natural convection in a triangular enclosure due to non-uniform cooling on top', ANZIAM Journal, vol. 52, pp. 53-53.
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Saha, SC & Gu, YT 2011, 'Prandtl number scaling of natural convection of an inclined flat plate due to uniform surface heat flux', ANZIAM Journal, vol. 53, pp. 387-387.
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Saha, SC & Gu, YT 2011, 'Prandtl number scaling of natural convection of the flow on a heated inclined at plate', ANZIAM Journal, vol. 53, no. SUPPL.
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A new scaling analysis has been performed for the unsteady natural convection boundary layer under a downward facing inclined plate with uniform heat flux. The development of the thermal or viscous boundary layers is classified into three distinct stages including an early stage, a transitional stage and a steady stage, which is clearly identified in the analytical as well as in numerical results. Earlier scaling shows that the existing scaling laws of the boundary layer thickness, velocity and steady state time scales for the natural convection flow on a heated plate of uniform heat flux provide a very poor prediction of the Prandtl number dependency. However, those scalings performed very well with Rayleigh number and aspect ratio dependency. In this study, a modified Prandtl number scaling is developed using a triple-layer integral approach for Prandtl number larger than unity. In comparison to the direct numerical simulations, the new scaling performs considerably better than the previous scaling. © Austral. Mathematical Soc. 2012.

Saha, SC & Khan, MMK 2011, 'A review of natural convection and heat transfer in attic-shaped space', Energy and Buildings, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 2564-2571.
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Saha, SC, Patterson, JC & Lei, C 2011, 'Scaling of Natural Convection of an Inclined Flat Plate: Sudden Cooling Condition', Journal of Heat Transfer, vol. 133, no. 4.
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The natural convection boundary layer adjacent to an inclined plate subject to sudden cooling boundary condition has been studied. It is found that the cold boundary layer adjacent to the plate is potentially unstable to Rayleigh–Bénard instability if the Rayleigh number exceeds a certain critical value. A scaling relation for the onset of instability of the boundary layer is achieved. The scaling relations have been developed by equating important terms of the governing equations based on the development of the boundary layer with time. The flow adjacent to the plate can be classified broadly into a conductive, a stable convective, or an unstable convective regime determined by the Rayleigh number. Proper scales have been established to quantify the flow properties in each of these flow regimes. An appropriate identification of the time when the instability may set in is discussed. A numerical verification of the time for the onset of instability is also presented in this study. Different flow regimes based on the stability of the boundary layer have been discussed with numerical results.

Saha, SC, Xu, F & Mamun Molla, M 2011, 'Scaling Analysis of the Unsteady Natural Convection Boundary Layer Adjacent to an Inclined Plate for Pr > 1 Following Instantaneous Heating', Journal of Heat Transfer, vol. 133, no. 11.
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The unsteady natural convection boundary layer adjacent to an instantaneously heated inclined plate is investigated using an improved scaling analysis and direct numerical simulations. The development of the unsteady natural convection boundary layer following instantaneous heating may be classified into three distinct stages including a start-up stage, a transitional stage, and a steady state stage, which can be clearly identified in the analytical and numerical results. Major scaling relations of the velocity and thicknesses and the flow development time of the natural convection boundary layer are obtained using triple-layer integral solutions and verified by direct numerical simulations over a wide range of flow parameters.

Saidi Mehrabad, M, Anvari, M & Saberi, M 2011, 'Targeting performance measures based on performance prediction', International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 46-68.
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Purpose: This study aims to investigate the development of predictive tools in performance measurement and management (PMM), and modeling of a forward-looking method to help managers to quantitatively target performance measures based on achieving desired improvement, minimum cost and strategic priorities. Design/methodology/approach: A case-based methodology is used to test the conceptual approach in a production system. Mathematical models are used to model modules of the proposed approach. The proposed approach is applied to an actual conventional power plant unit to show its applicability and superiority over conventional methods. Findings: The developed system enables managers to develop systematic ways to manage future performance; for example, planning, performance forecasting and target setting. The predictive ability of the developed system is comparable with the judgment of the manager in the case company. Originality/value: This paper proposes the use of mathematical models in the development of performance measures targeted on performance prediction and desired improvement. The paper also offers practical help to organizations to embed a forward-looking capability into their operations. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Saidur, R & Mahlia, TMI 2011, 'Impacts of energy efficiency standard on motor energy savings and emission reductions', Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 103-109.
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Saidur, R, Hasanuzzaman, M, Mahlia, TMI, Rahim, NA & Mohammed, HA 2011, 'Chillers energy consumption, energy savings and emission analysis in an institutional buildings', Energy, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 5233-5238.
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Salameh, HB & Krunz, M 2011, 'Adaptive power-controlled MAC protocols for improved throughput in hardware-constrained cognitive radio networks', Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 1127-1139.
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Salisa, AR, Zhang, N & Zhu, JG 2011, 'A Comparative Analysis of Fuel Economy and Emissions Between a Conventional HEV and the UTS PHEV', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 44-54.
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Unlike conventional hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the novel powertrain configuration of the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS) plug-in HEV (PHEV) contains only one electric machine, which functions as either an electric motor or a generator in dif

Sambrook, PN, Flahive, J, Hooven, FH, Boonen, S, Chapurlat, R, Lindsay, R, Nguyen, TV, Díez-Perez, A, Pfeilschifter, J, Greenspan, SL, Hosmer, D, Netelenbos, JC, Adachi, JD, Watts, NB, Cooper, C, Roux, C, Rossini, M, Siris, ES, Silverman, S, Saag, KG, Compston, JE, LaCroix, A & Gehlbach, S 2011, 'Predicting fractures in an international cohort using risk factor algorithms without BMD', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 2770-2777.
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Clinical risk factors are associated with increased probability of fracture in postmenopausal women. We sought to compare prediction models using self-reported clinical risk factors, excluding BMD, to predict incident fracture among postmenopausal women. The GLOW study enrolled women aged 55 years or older from 723 primary-care practices in 10 countries. The population comprised 19,586 women aged 60 years or older who were not receiving antiosteoporosis medication and were followed annually for 2 years. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data on characteristics, fracture risk factors, previous fractures, and health status. The main outcome measure compares the C index for models using the WHO Fracture Risk (FRAX), the Garvan Fracture Risk Calculator (FRC), and a simple model using age and prior fracture. Over 2 years, 880 women reported incident fractures including 69 hip fractures, 468 "major fractures" (as defined by FRAX), and 583 "osteoporotic fractures" (as defined by FRC). Using baseline clinical risk factors, both FRAX and FRC showed a moderate ability to correctly order hip fracture times (C index for hip fracture 0.78 and 0.76, respectively). C indices for "major" and "osteoporotic" fractures showed lower values, at 0.61 and 0.64. Neither algorithm was better than the model based on age + fracture history alone (C index for hip fracture 0.78). In conclusion, estimation of fracture risk in an international primary-care population of postmenopausal women can be made using clinical risk factors alone without BMD. However, more sophisticated models incorporating multiple clinical risk factors including falls were not superior to more parsimonious models in predicting future fracture in this population.

Saminathan, S, Liu, H, Nguyen, TV & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Organic matter removal from biologically treated sewage effluent by flocculation and oxidation coupled with flocculation', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 133-137.
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Flocculation alone and flocculation coupled with oxidation process were used for removing organic matter from biologically treated sewage effluent. The performances of different flocculants such as ferric sulphate, ferric nitrate, ferric chloride, and aluminium sulphate were experimentally evaluated. Among the flocculants tested, ferric chloride was selected because of its highest dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal efficiency (67%) and the large size of the floc (mean size d(0.5) = 53.04 μm). The optimum dosage of FeCl3 was determined as 16 mg (Fe3+)/L. Different fractionation of organic matter before and after the flocculation process was analyzed. It was observed that FeCl3 could remove 90% of hydrophobic compounds and 61% of hydrophilic compounds. Oxidation process by Fenton reagent coupled with flocculation was also trialed. It is observed that DOC removal efficiency of Fenton reagent coupled with flocculation could reach 86%. The combination of flocculation and Fenton reagent increased the hydrophilic removal to 85%.

Sarker, L, Xiang, Y, Uy, B & Zhu, X 2011, 'Damage detection of circular cylindrical shells by Ritz method', Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 305, pp. 012117-012117.
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Seely, AJE, Kauffman, SA, Bates, JHT, Macklem, PT, Suki, B, Marshall, JC, Batchinsky, AI, Perez-Velazquez, JL, Seiver, A, McGregor, C, Maksym, G, Kamath, MV, Similowski, T, Buchman, TG, Letellier, C, Filoche, M, Frasch, MG, Straus, C, Glass, L, Godin, PJ, Morris, JA, Sow, D, Nenadovic, V, Arnold, RC, Norris, P & Moorman, JR 2011, 'Proceedings from the Montebello Round Table Discussion. Second annual conference on Complexity and Variability discusses research that brings innovation to the bedside', Journal of Critical Care, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 325-327.
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Senaratne, R, Jap, B, Lal, S, Hsu, A, Halgamuge, S & Fischer, P 2011, 'Comparing two video-based techniques for driver fatigue detection: classification versus optical flow approach', MACHINE VISION AND APPLICATIONS, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 597-618.
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Lack of concentration in a driver due to fatigue is a major cause of road accidents. This paper investigates approaches that can be used to develop a video-based system to automatically detect driver fatigue and warn the driver, in order to prevent accidents. Ocular cues such as percentage eye closure (PERCLOS) are considered strong fatigue indicators; thus, accurately locating and tracking the driver's eyes is vital. Tests were carried out based on two approaches to track the eyes and estimate PERCLOS: (1) classification approach and (2) optical flow approach. In the first approach, the eyes are tracked by finding local regions, the state (open or closed) of the eyes in each image frame is estimated using a classifier, and thereby the PERCLOS is calculated. In the second approach, the movement of the upper eyelid is tracked using a newly proposed simple eye model, which captures image velocities based on optical flow, thereby the eye closures and openings are detected, and then the eye states are estimated to calculate PERCLOS. Experiments show that both approaches can detect fatigue with reasonable accuracy, and that the classification approach is more accurate. However, the classification approach requires a large amount of suitable training data. If such data are unavailable, then the optical flow approach would be more practical.

Sezer, EA, Pradhan, B & Gokceoglu, C 2011, 'Manifestation of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy model on landslide susceptibility mapping: Klang valley, Malaysia', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 8208-8219.
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Shafie, SM, Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH & Andriyana, A 2011, 'Current energy usage and sustainable energy in Malaysia: A review', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 4370-4377.
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Shahbazi, M, Wang, XL, Lin, ZW, Zhu, JG, Dou, SX & Choi, KY 2011, 'Magnetoresistance, critical current density, and magnetic flux pinning mechanism in nickel doped BaFe₂As₂ single crystals', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 7, pp. 07E151-07E151.
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The critical current density, J(c), flux pinning behavior and magneto-resistance results of BaFe(2-x)Ni(x)As(2) single crystal have been investigated in fields up to 13 T over a temperature range of 2 to 20 K. The magnetoresistance below the superconduct

Shahbazi, M, Wang, XL, Shekhar, C, Srivastava, ON, Lin, ZW, Zhu, JG & Dou, SX 2011, 'Upper critical field and thermally activated flux flow in LaFeAsO_1−xF_x', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 7, pp. 07E162-07E162.
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The magneto-resistance, critical current density, Jc, upper critical field, Hc2, and flux pinning properties of LaFeAsO1xFx superconductors were investigated systematically by magnetic and magneto-transport measurements in the fields up to 13 T over a temperature range of 535 K. It was found that the Hc2 increased with increasing fluorine concentration up to x0.15, while with higher fluorine doping, Hc2 decreased. A peak effect in the Jc as a function of field was observed at T<15 K for both the 5% and 15% fluorine doped samples. The broadening of the superconducting transition in magnetic field can be well understood by the thermally activated flux flow model. The pinning potential, Uo, scales as Uo/kB ! Bn with n¼0.13 for B<1 T and n¼0.68 for B>1 T for LaFeAsO0.85F0.15.

Shambour, Q & Lu, J 2011, 'A Hybrid Trust-Enhanced Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Approach for Personalized Government-to-Business e-Services', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 814-843.
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The information overload on the World Wide Web results in the underuse of some existing egovernment services within the business domain. Small-to-medium businesses (SMBs), in particular, are seeking 'one-to-one' e-services from government in current highly competitive markets, and there is an imperative need to develop Web personalization techniques to provide business users with information and services specific to their needs, rather than an undifferentiated mass of information. This paper focuses on how e-governments can support businesses on the problem of selecting a trustworthy business partner to perform reliable business transactions. In the business partner selection process, trust or reputation information is crucial and has significant influence on a business user's decision regarding whether or not to do business with other business entities. For this purpose, an intelligent trust-enhanced recommendation approach to provide personalized government-to-business (G2B) e-services, and in particular, business partner recommendation e-services for SMBs is proposed. Accordingly, in this paper, we develop (1) an implicit trust filtering recommendation approach and (2) an enhanced user-based collaborative filtering (CF) recommendation approach. To further exploit the advantages of the two proposed approaches, we develop (3) a hybrid trust-enhanced CF recommendation approach (TeCF) that integrates both the proposed implicit trust filtering and the enhanced user-based CF recommendation approaches. Empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches, especially the hybrid TeCF recommendation approach in terms of improving accuracy, as well as in dealing with very sparse data sets and cold-start users.

Shannon, AG 2011, 'Reflections on some mathematical modeling in endocrinology', International Journal Bioautomation, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 183-200.
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This is an expository paper which explores a variety of epidemiological and other quantitative approaches to research in endocrinology. It is a sample of some of the projects in which the author and his colleagues, including doctoral students, have been involved over a number of years. The medical and mathematical theories have been tested on consenting patients in clinical environments.

Shao, W, Bouzerdoum, A, Phung, SL, Su, L, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2011, 'Automatic Classification of Ground-Penetrating-Radar Signals for Railway-Ballast Assessment', IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 49, no. 10, pp. 3961-3972.
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Sharma, G, Choi, J, Shon, HK & Phuntsho, S 2011, 'Solar-powered electrocoagulation system for water and wastewater treatment', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 381-388.
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The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of solar powered electrocoagulation (SPEC) for wastewater treatment using aluminium electrodes. Optimisation of various operating parameters such as pH, voltage/current, electrodes gap, pollutant concentration etc. were first performed using direct electrical current. SPEC reactor was designed by connecting with photovoltaic panel (PV) either directly or through a set of batteries and charge control system. SPEC process system was sensitive to variation of solar radiation when connected directly with PV panels. SPEC reactor operated for five different times in a day (4 April 2010) yielded highest organics removal of 85% for UV abs and turbidity removal of 87% at midday (10:00 AMâ2:00 PM) under optimum operating conditions. Use of batteries and charge controller with PV panels provided more consistent and efficient performance for the SPEC reactor. The variation in organics and turbidity removal was within the range of 10% for experiments conducted on three different times in a day (9 April 2010) with highest removals at 10:30 AM in the morning. This study indicates that, SPEC is a potential alternative for small scale decentralised water and wastewater purification system.

Sharma, G, Shon, HK, Aryal, R & Phuntsho, S 2011, 'Performance evaluation of microfiltration with electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation pretreatment', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 34, no. 1-3, pp. 141-149.
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One of the significant parameters to be considered for evaluating the process and economic viability of crosssfl ow microfiltration (MF) is flux stability. The MF economics are dependent on the flux decay through the membrane caused by membrane fouling. This work aims to evaluate the performance of MF by electro and chemical coagulation as pretreatments. The performance of MF was found to be sensitive to pH of feed solution, coagulant dosing and generation time. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) MF membrane of pore size 0.4 μm was used in this study. Without pretreatment normalised flux declined by 94% after 160 min of MF operation using model wastewater. However with pretreatments, the MF flux was significantly improved. The optimum performance for MF with both electro and chemical coagulation pretreatments occurred at isoelectric point where the highest removal of organic and turbidity was observed. With chemical coagulation under optimum conditions (30 mg/l alum dose and pH 6.5), MF did not experience any flux decline. MF performed better with chemical coagulation compared to electrocoagulation (EC). Also organic matter removal was found to be more for chemical coagulation than for EC.

Shekarchian, M, Moghavvemi, M, Mahlia, TMI & Mazandarani, A 2011, 'A review on the pattern of electricity generation and emission in Malaysia from 1976 to 2008', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 2629-2642.
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Shekarchian, M, Moghavvemi, M, Motasemi, F & Mahlia, TMI 2011, 'Energy savings and cost–benefit analysis of using compression and absorption chillers for air conditioners in Iran', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 1950-1960.
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Sheng, D 2011, 'Review of fundamental principles in modelling unsaturated soil behaviour', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 757-776.
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Sheng, D & Zhou, A-N 2011, 'Coupling hydraulic with mechanical models for unsaturated soils', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 826-840.
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This paper presents an alternative method to couple the hydraulic component with the mechanical component in a constitutive model for unsaturated soils. Some pioneering work on hydromechanical coupling is reviewed. Generalized constitutive relations on coupled hydromechanical behaviour are introduced. These generalized constitutive relations are then incorporated into existing mechanical and hydraulic models for unsaturated soils. A new coupling mechanism is proposed based on the fact that soil-water characteristic equations are usually obtained for constant stress, not constant volume. The proposed coupling mechanism also satisfies the intrinsic relationship between the degree of saturation and the volumetric strain for undrained compression. Numerical examples are presented to show the performance of the proposed model in predicting soil behaviour along drying and loading paths. Finally, the model is validated against experimental data for different soils.

Sheng, D, Augarde, CE & Abbo, AJ 2011, 'A fast algorithm for finding the first intersection with a non-convex yield surface', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 465-471.
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Sheng, D, Zhou, A & Fredlund, DG 2011, 'Shear Strength Criteria for Unsaturated Soils', Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 145-159.
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Shear strength is one of the fundamental properties of unsaturated soils. It has been found to change with matric suction. Various shear strength equations have been proposed for predicting the shear strength versus suction relationship for unsaturated soils. Some of these equations are based on regression analysis of experimental data, while some are embodied in more complex stress-strain constitutive models. In this paper, a variety of shear strength equations are examined and compared with respect to their fit of experimental data. Data for specimens prepared from initially slurry conditions as well as data for initially compacted soil specimens are analysed. The advantages and limitations associated with various proposed shear strength equations are discussed in this paper. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Shon, HK, Okour, Y, El Saliby, I, Kim, JB & Kim, J-H 2011, 'Effect of Phosphorous on the Properties of Titania Produced from Ti-Salt Flocculated Sludge in Water Treatment', Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 7456-7458.
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In this study, the removal of phosphorous (P) using Ti-salt flocculation of biologically treated sewage effluent (BTSE) was investigated for a year. The pH, alkalinity and concentration of P, before and after Ti-salt flocculation, were measured and compared. The sludge of Ti-salt flocculation was incinerated at 600 C to produce titania nanoparticles which found to be doped with P. Titania nanoparticles were characterised and their photocatalytic activity under UV light irradiation were also tested. Results indicated that the removal of P, which exceeded 97% in average, was not affected by the pH and the alkalinity of BTSE. The concentration of P in titania had no effect on the characteristics of titania nanoparticles in different seasons. Titania nanoparticles exhibited superior properties in terms of BET surface area and photocatalytic activity.

Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Kim, JB & Kim, JH 2011, 'Advanced characterization techniques of organic matter in aqueous solutions', Applied Chemistry for Engineering, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 1-14.
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Water is the most precious resource to human being, but it is polluted by different organic compounds. Organic matter (OM) in aqeous solutions is one of the important parameters of concern for human and environmental impact, and thus, it is essential to better characterize specifically targeted organic matter in aggregated and individual level of concentrations. This review presents different analytical tools and protocols to investigate detailed properties and characterization. Physical, chemical and biological aspects of OM are envisaged in terms of traditional and advanced measurement methods.

Shooshtari, A, Kalhori, H & Masoodian, A 2011, 'Investigation for dimension effect on mechanical behavior of a metallic curved micro-cantilever beam', Measurement, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 454-465.
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Shrestha, R, Smith, ST & Samali, B 2011, 'The effectiveness of FRP strips in repairing moderately and severely damaged RC beam-column connections', MAGAZINE OF CONCRETE RESEARCH, vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 629-644.
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An effective means to increase the shear resistance of shear deficient reinforced-concrete (RC) beamâcolumn connections is by bonding fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. The majority of research to date has focused on the strengthening of two-dimensional reinforced-concrete connections with fibre-reinforced polymer; that is, the strengthening of virgin (undamaged) connections. This paper reports the results of tests on the effectiveness of fibre-reinforced polymer strips in repairing two-dimensional connections with different degrees of damage. The results of tests assessing the effectiveness of fibre-reinforced polymer strips in strengthening virgin connections are also reported. All test specimens are extensively instrumented and their behaviour and failure comprehensively documented. In the case of the repaired specimens, instrumentation is concentrated on the fibre-reinforced polymer around the damage region, thus enabling the strength contribution and behaviour of the fibre-reinforced polymer repair to be closely monitored. The results of this experimental programme enable a better understanding of the strengthening and repair effect of fibre-reinforced polymer strips in reinforced-concrete beamâcolumn connections, and the results will also facilitate the future development and calibration of analytical and numerical models.

Shutao Li, Mingkui Tan, Tsang, IW & Kwok, JT-Y 2011, 'A Hybrid PSO-BFGS Strategy for Global Optimization of Multimodal Functions', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 1003-1014.
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Particle swarm optimizer (PSO) is a powerful optimization algorithm that has been applied to a variety of problems. It can, however, suffer from premature convergence and slow convergence rate. Motivated by these two problems, a hybrid global optimization strategy combining PSOs with a modified Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) method is presented in this paper. The modified BFGS method is integrated into the context of the PSOs to improve the particles' local search ability. In addition, in conjunction with the territory technique, a reposition technique to maintain the diversity of particles is proposed to improve the global search ability of PSOs. One advantage of the hybrid strategy is that it can effectively find multiple local solutions or global solutions to the multimodal functions in a box-constrained space. Based on these local solutions, a reconstruction technique can be adopted to further estimate better solutions. The proposed method is compared with several recently developed optimization algorithms on a set of 20 standard benchmark problems. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can obtain high-quality solutions on multimodal function optimization problems.

Silitonga, AS, Atabani, AE, Mahlia, TMI & Sebayang, AH 2011, 'Techno-economic analysis and environmental impact of fuel economy labels for passenger cars in Indonesia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 5212-5217.
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Silitonga, AS, Atabani, AE, Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH, Badruddin, IA & Mekhilef, S 2011, 'A review on prospect of Jatropha curcas for biodiesel in Indonesia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 3733-3756.
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Sim, K, Liu, G, Gopalkrishnan, V & Li, J 2011, 'A case study on financial ratios via cross-graph quasi-bicliques', Information Sciences, vol. 181, no. 1, pp. 201-216.
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Stocks with similar financial ratio values across years have similar price movements. We investigate this hypothesis by clustering groups of stocks that exhibit homogeneous financial ratio values across years, and then study their price movements. We pro

Simon, A, Price, W & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Implications of membrane fouling toward the removal of the pharmaceutical sulfamethoxazole by nanofiltration processes', Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 575-582.
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Singh, G, Kandasamy, J, Shon, HK & Cho, J 2011, 'Measuring treatment effectiveness of urban wetland using hybrid water quality - Artificial neural network (ANN) model', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 284-290.
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Constructed wetlands are now commonly used as tertiary treatment for urban stormwater. The wetlands have primary advantage over other forms of treatment as they remove dissolved organics and heavy metals in conjunction with other pollutants. The effectiveness of a wetland is a primary concern for validating its compliance with design objectives and regulatory requirements. The treatment in a wetland is however complex and is dependent on input pollutants, hydraulics, physicochemical balance and biota within the wetland. Several models are available for wetlands but have limitations in simulating the physico-chemical and biological processes within the wetland. The aim of this paper is to introduce a hybrid modelling approach that involves both a deterministic model and artificial neural network (ANN) for testing the effectiveness of a constructed wetland at Olympic Park, Homebush, Sydney, Australia. This novel approach allows a combination of calibrated water quality and neural based models to predict the water quality from the wetland. The models were calibrated and validated using water quality monitoring data measured for eight months in both influent and effluent streams of the wetland. The calibrated hybrid models were then tested for treatment effectiveness for range of wet, dry and median flows conditions within the catchments. A water quality index was developed and used to quantify the effectiveness of the wetland.

Sinha, S & Chaczko, Z 2011, 'Socionomic Modelling in Wireless Sensor Networks', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 301-308.
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The performance and efficiency of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is typically subject to techniques used in data routing, clustering, and localization. Being primarily driven by resource constraints, a Socionomic model has been formulated to optimize re

Smith, DB, Hanlen, LW, Zhang, JA, Miniutti, D, Rodda, D & Gilbert, B 2011, 'First- and second-order statistical characterizations of the dynamic body area propagation channel of various bandwidths', annals of telecommunications - annales des télécommunications, vol. 66, no. 3-4, pp. 187-203.
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Comprehensive statistical characterizations of the dynamic narrowband on-body area and on-body to off-body area channels are presented. These characterizations are based on real-time measurements of the time domain channel response at carrier frequencies near the 900- and 2,400-MHz industrial, scientific, and medical bands and at a carrier frequency near the 402-MHz medical implant communications band. We consider varying amounts of body movement, numerous transmit–receive pair locations on the human body, and various bandwidths. We also consider long periods, i.e., hours of everyday activity (predominantly indoor scenarios), for on-body channel characterization. Various adult human test subjects are used. It is shown, by applying the Akaike information criterion, that the Weibull and Gamma distributions generally fit agglomerates of received signal amplitude data and that in various individual cases the Lognormal distribution provides a good fit. We also characterize fade duration and fade depth with direct matching to second-order temporal statistics. These first- and second-order characterizations have important utility in the design and evaluation of body area communications systems.

Sobala, A & Hutvagner, G 2011, 'Transfer RNA-derived fragments: origins, processing, and functions', Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 853-862.
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Deep sequencing approaches have revealed multiple types of small RNAs with known and unknown functions. In this review we focus on a recently identified group of smallRNAsthat are derived from transferRNAs(tRNAs), tRNAfragments (tRFs). We review the mechanism of their processing and their functions in mammalian cells, and highlight points of possible cross-talk between tRFs and the canonical small RNA pathway characterized by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). We also propose a nomenclature that is based on their processing characteristics.  2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. WIREs RNA 2011 2 853â862 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.96

Sohaib, O & Khan, K 2011, 'Incorporating discount usability in extreme programming', International Journal of Software Engineering and its Applications, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 51-62.
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Extreme programming (XP) is one of the well-known forms of agile software development, due to its iterative nature, software developers focus on functional aspects and neglect the non-functional characteristics of software like usability. This research investigates the importance of end user involvement in extreme programming using grounded theory and describes the key question that how usability practices are integrated with the Extreme Programming in orders to make effective usable software system. To address this key issue, this study provide an extension suggestion for extreme programming that help the development team to take an account of usability of the product. While there are many usability engineering techniques, discount usability (Scenarios, Card Sorting, Heuristic evaluation and thinking aloud) that are applied with a minimum set of guidance and tools were integrated into extreme programming project lifecycle.

Sow, D & McGregor, C 2011, 'Synergies of the complexity continuum and the stream computing paradigm', Journal of Critical Care, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. e29-e30.
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Stewart, MG 2011, 'Life-safety risks and optimisation of protective measures against terrorist threats to infrastructure', Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 431-440.
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A decision support analysis considers fatality risks and cost-effectiveness of protective measures, expressed in terms of expected cost spent on risk reduction per life saved for terrorist threats to infrastructure. The analysis is applicable to any item of infrastructure, but in this paper, it is applied to commercial buildings in the US. Risks may be compared with risk acceptance criteria in the form of quantitative safety goals. The risk acceptability and costeffectiveness of protective measures includes cost of the protective measures, attack probability, reduction in risk due to protective measures, probability of fatality conditional on successful terrorist attack and number of exposed individuals. The risk-based approach developed herein provides a means for initial risk screening based on the broad levels of risk and its acceptability. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.

Stewart, MG & Mueller, J 2011, 'Cost-Benefit Analysis of Advanced Imaging Technology Full Body Scanners for Airline Passenger Security Screening', Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, vol. 8, no. 1.
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The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has been deploying Advanced Imaging Technologies (AITs) that are full-body scanners to inspect a passenger's body for concealed weapons, explosives, and other prohibited items. The terrorist threat that AITs are primarily dedicated to is preventing the downing of a commercial airliner by an IED (Improvised Explosive Device) smuggled on board by a passenger. The cost of this technology will reach $1.2 billion per year by 2014. The paper develops a preliminary cost-benefit analysis of AITs for passenger screening at U.S. airports. The analysis considered threat probability, risk reduction, losses, and costs of security measures in the estimation of costs and benefits. Since there is uncertainty and variability of these parameters, three alternate probability (uncertainty) models were used to characterise risk reduction and losses. Economic losses were assumed to vary from $2-$50 billion, and risk reduction from 5-10 percent. Monte-Carlo simulation methods were used to propagate these uncertainties in the calculation of benefits, and the minimum attack probability necessary for full body scanners to be cost-effective were calculated. It was found that, based on mean results, more than one attack every two years would need to originate from U.S. airports for AITs to pass a cost-benefit analysis. However, the attack probability needs to exceed 160-330 percent per year to be 90 percent certain that full body scanners are cost-effective.

Stewart, MG, Ellingwood, BR & Mueller, J 2011, 'Homeland security: a case study in risk aversion for public decision-making', International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management, vol. 15, no. 5/6, pp. 367-367.
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Governments and their regulatory agencies normally exhibit risk-neutral attitudes in their decision-making. However, for low probability-high consequence events many decision-makers tend to be risk-averse because of the catastrophic or dire nature of the hazard or event. The degree of risk averseness can be described by utility theory. This paper will infer utility functions that reflect the level of risk averseness of regulatory agencies when adopting new safety measures - such as investing $75 billion per year of the homeland security budget to avert terrorist attacks in the USA. The utility analysis considers threat probability, risk reduction caused by regulatory action, cost of regulatory action, and losses. The expected utilities using an identical risk-averse utility function for: 1 no enhanced security expenditure 2 regulatory action associated with $75 billion of enhanced homeland security expenditure are compared and made equal to each other by modifying the risk-averse utility function. This means that both policy options are equally preferable so if the decision-maker is more risk-averse than suggested by the risk-averse utility function then regulatory action is preferable. It will be shown that the level of risk averseness needed to justify current expenditures for homeland security is considerable. Copyright © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Stewart, MG, Wang, X & Nguyen, MN 2011, 'Climate change impact and risks of concrete infrastructure deterioration', Engineering Structures, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 1326-1337.
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Atmospheric CO2 is a major cause of reinforcement corrosion in bridges, buildings, wharves, and other concrete infrastructure in Australia, United States, United Kingdom and most other countries. The increase in CO2 levels associated with global warming will increase the likelihood of carbonation-induced corrosion. Moreover, temperature rises will increase corrosion rates. Clearly, the impact of climate change on existing and new infrastructure is considerable, as corrosion damage is disruptive to society and costly to repair. The paper describes a probabilistic and reliability-based approach that predicts the probability of corrosion initiation and damage (severe cracking) for concrete infrastructure subjected to carbonation and chloride-induced corrosion resulting from elevated CO2 levels and temperatures. The atmospheric CO2 concentration and local temperature and relative humidity changes with time over the next 100 years in the Australian cities of Sydney and Darwin are projected based on nine General Circulation Models (GCMs) under (i) high CO2 emission scenario, (ii) medium CO2 emission scenario, and (iii) CO2 emission reduction scenario based on policy intervention. The probabilistic analysis included the uncertainty of CO2 concentration, deterioration processes, material properties, dimensions, and predictive models. It was found that carbonation-induced damage risks can increase by over 400% over a time period to 2100 for some regions in Australia. Damage risks for chloride-induced corrosion increase by no more than 15% over the same time period due to temperature increase, but without consideration of ocean acidity change in marine exposure. Corrosion loss of reinforcement is not significant. The results were most sensitive to increases in atmospheric CO2. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Su, M-T, Chen, C-H, Lin, C-J & Lin, C-T 2011, 'A Rule-Based Symbiotic MOdified Differential Evolution for Self-Organizing Neuro-Fuzzy Systems', Applied Soft Computing, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 4847-4858.
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Su, Y, Wu, C & Griffth, MC 2011, 'Modelling of the bond–slip behavior in FRP reinforced masonry', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 328-334.
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Sun, J, Buys, N, Stewart, D & Shum, D 2011, 'Mediating effects of coping, personal belief, and social support on the relationship among stress, depression, and smoking behaviour in university students', Health Education, vol. 111, no. 2, pp. 133-146.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether university students' smoking behaviour is associated with higher levels of stress and depression directly, or indirectly, via the mediation of coping, personal beliefs and social support.Design/methodology/approachThe study design involves a cross‐sectional survey. Structural equation modelling was employed to explore the relationships between smoking behaviour, stress and depression via the mediating effects of coping resources, personal beliefs and social support.FindingsThe higher the stress and depression levels, the more likely the respondents' were to adopt disengagement coping strategies and to engage in smoking behaviour. Stress was not found to have a significant direct effect on smoking behaviour when depression, active coping abilities and social support were included as mediators in the model. Thus, if stress is high yet coping skills are also high and personal beliefs are anti‐smoking, the likelihood of smoking was low.Research limitations/implicationsDisengagement coping strategies significantly increased the likelihood of smoking when stress heightened depression level. However, stress did not independently increase the chance of smoking when active coping and social support were moderating the effects of depression on smoking behaviour. Personal beliefs also acted as an independent contributor to increase the likelihood of smoking when pro‐smoking beliefs were held by individuals. Overall, this study suggests that personal coping strategies and personal beliefs, with social support, are important protective mechanisms through which stre...

Sun, J, Buys, N, Stewart, D, Shum, D & Farquhar, L 2011, 'Smoking in Australian university students and its association with socio‐demographic factors, stress, health status, coping strategies, and attitude', Health Education, vol. 111, no. 2, pp. 117-132.
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PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the prevalence of smoking amongst university students in Brisbane, Australia and associated risk factors.Design/methodology/approachA cross‐sectional design was used for the study. A sample of 2,414 university students aged 18‐30 was examined to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use. Smoking was measured by means of an online survey that inquired about current tobacco use, socio‐demographic characteristics, self‐rated physical and mental health status and attitudes toward smoking.FindingsThe prevalence of tobacco use was 24.9 per cent among male students, 16.6 per cent among female students and 18.8 per cent overall. Low to medium level stress is a strong predictor of smoking in male students. Age and income are significantly related to smoking in female students. For both male and female students, disengagement coping strategies to deal with stressors, feeling not bothered by exposure to smoking, and knowledge of the effect of smoking on health were found to be independently related to smoking.Research limitations/implicationsFactors associated with an increased probability of tobacco smoking were: stress in male students, disengagement coping strategies and holding approval attitudes toward smoking, acceptance of exposure to smoking, and poor knowledge of the effect of smoking on health in both male and female students. It is recommended that active coping strategies, such as exercise and social participation, are the most effective ways of enabling students to cope with smoking cessation and other stressors.International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, vol. 11, no. 2/3/4, pp. 182-182.
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Sun, J, Prenzler, T, Buys, N & McMeniman, M 2011, 'Preventing smoking in open public places in university campus settings', Health Education, vol. 112, no. 1, pp. 47-60.
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PurposeThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions using situational crime prevention approaches to reduce the smoking rate in outdoor areas of a university campus.Design/methodology/approachA prospective intervention design was designed for the study. Surveys and observations were used to measure the impacts of both the campaign generally and specific strategies on levels of smoking in public places and use of designated smoking areas. Pre‐ and post‐implementation measures were taken. The intervention strategies entailed encouraging voluntary compliance with a “Smoke‐less Campaign”, which asked staff, students and visitors to smoke only in nominated areas. The campaign was supported by “situational” strategies to facilitate compliance, such as making smoking areas available, setting rules and posting instructions, and using campaign ambassadors.FindingsAt the end of the three‐month trial the campaign was considered to have had a positive impact. After the campaign at the intervention campus there was a significant increase of 14.4 percent in the proportion of people who reported that they were not affected by second‐hand smoke – from 52.7 percent to 67.1 percent. In addition, 6 percent of survey respondents who smoked reported quitting, while 17 percent of smokers indicated the campaign had helped them to quit or cut down. Observational data showed that 98 percent of smokers complied with directions to smoke in nominated smoking areas.Originality/valueThis study is original in explicitly applying the techniques of situational crime prevention to the problem of smoking in public...

Sun, Y, Moritz, J & Zhu, X 2011, 'Multistandard Analogue Baseband Filters for Software-Defined and Cognitive Radio Receivers', Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 755-774.
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Sun, Y, Zhang, Y, Song, Y & Dutkiewicz, E 2011, 'Fast RSVP: Efficient RSVP Mobility Support for Mobile IPv6', Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 769-807.
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Swaminathan, K, Grassman, TJ, Yang, L-M, Gu, Q, Mills, MJ & Ringel, SA 2011, 'Optically-aligned visible/near-infrared dual-band photodetector materials and devices on GaAs using metamorphic epitaxy', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 110, no. 6, pp. 063109-063109.
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Swaminathan, K, Yang, L-M, Grassman, TJ, Tabares, G, Guzman, A, Hierro, A, Mills, MJ & Ringel, SA 2011, 'Metamorphic In_020Ga_080As p-i-n photodetectors grown on GaAs substrates for near infrared applications', Optics Express, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 7280-7280.
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Szehr, O, Dupuis, F, Tomamichel, M & Renner, R 2011, 'Decoupling with unitary approximate two-designs', New J. Phys., vol. 15, p. 053022.
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Consider a bipartite system, of which one subsystem, A, undergoes a physical evolution separated from the other subsystem, R. One may ask under which conditions this evolution destroys all initial correlations between the subsystems A and R, i.e. decouples the subsystems. A quantitative answer to this question is provided by decoupling theorems, which have been developed recently in the area of quantum information theory. This paper builds on preceding work, which shows that decoupling is achieved if the evolution on A consists of a typical unitary, chosen with respect to the Haar measure, followed by a process that adds sufficient decoherence. Here, we prove a generalized decoupling theorem for the case where the unitary is chosen from an approximate two-design. A main implication of this result is that decoupling is physical, in the sense that it occurs already for short sequences of random two-body interactions, which can be modeled as efficient circuits. Our decoupling result is independent of the dimension of the R system, which shows that approximate 2-designs are appropriate for decoupling even if the dimension of this system is large.

Tadkaew, N, Hai, FI, McDonald, JA, Khan, SJ & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Removal of trace organics by MBR treatment: The role of molecular properties', Water Research, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 2439-2451.
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Tang, F, Tang, C, Guo, M, Yu, S & Guo, S 2011, 'A shadow-Like task migration model based on context semantics for mobile and pervasive environments', Computing and Informatics, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 1131-1146.
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Pervasive computing is a user-centric mobile computing paradigm, in which tasks should be migrated over different platforms in a shadow-like way when users move around. In this paper, we propose a context-sensitive task migration model that recovers program states and rebinds resources for task migrations based on context semantics through inserting resource description and state description sections in source programs. Based on our model, we design and develop a task migration framework xMozart which extends the Mozart platform in terms of context awareness. Our approach can recover task states and rebind resources in the context-aware way, as well as support multi- modality I/O interactions. The extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach can migrate tasks by resuming them from the last broken points like shadows moving along with the users.

Tang, M, Zhou, Y, Li, J, Wang, W, Cui, P, Hou, Y, Luo, Z, Li, J, Lei, F & Yan, B 2011, 'Exploring the wild birds’ migration data for the disease spread study of H5N1: a clustering and association approach', Knowledge and Information Systems, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 227-251.
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Knowledge about the wetland use of migratory bird species during the annual life circle is very interesting to biologists, as it is critically important in many decision-making processes such as for conservation site construction and avian influenza control. The raw data of the habitat areas and the migration routes are usually in large scale and with high complexity when they are determined by high-tech GPS satellite telemetry. In this paper, we convert these biological problems into computational studies and introduce efficient algorithms for the data analysis. Our key idea is the concept of hierarchical clustering for migration habitat localizations, and the notion of association rules for the discovery of migration routes from the scattered location points in the GIS. One of our clustering results is a tree structure, specially called spatial-tree, which is an illusive map depicting the breeding and wintering home range of bar-headed geese. A related result to this observation is an association pattern that reveals a high possibility that bar-headed geese's potential autumn migration routes are likely between the breeding sites in the Qinghai Lake, China and the wintering sites in Tibet river valley. Given the susceptibility of geese to spread H5N1, and on the basis of the chronology and the rates of the bar-headed geese migration movements, we can conjecture that bar-headed geese play an important role in the spread of the H5N1 virus at a regional scale in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Tanvir, H, Rahman, BMA, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A & Grattan, KTV 2011, 'Evolution of Highly Confined Surface Plasmon Modes in Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser Waveguides', Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 29, no. 14, pp. 2116-2125.
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Tarini, M, Puppo, E, Panozzo, D, Pietroni, N & Cignoni, P 2011, 'Simple quad domains for field aligned mesh parametrization', Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia Conference, vol. 30, pp. 142-142.
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Thalakotuna, D, Matekovits, L, Heimlich, M, Esselle, KP & Hay, SG 2011, 'Active Switching Devices in a Tunable EBG Structure: Placement Strategies and Modelling', Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 25, no. 11-12, pp. 1740-1751.
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Thomas, PS, Stuart, BH, McGowan, N, Guerbois, JP, Berkahn, M & Daniel, V 2011, 'A study of ochres from an Australian aboriginal bark painting using thermal methods', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 104, no. 2, pp. 507-513.
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The potential of thermogravimetric analysis (TG) as a tool for the characterisation of ochre paint used in indigenous Australian bark paintings has been investigated. TG has been combined with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and mass spectrometry

Tijing, LD, Jung, MY, Kim, D-W & Kim, CS 2011, 'Deposition Behavior of Self-Assembled Monolayers and Bacteria on Metallic Surfaces Using an Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Nanobalance', Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1354-1358.
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This paper presents an investigation on the deposition behavior of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and bacteria on titanium and gold surfaces using an electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance (EQCN). The tests included alkanethiol and alkanesilane and three bacteria, namely: E. coli, P. fluorescens and K. aerogenes. The mass change with respect to immersion time was measured by EQCN. The results showed SAM formation on both titanium and gold surfaces, but SAM formation on gold was generally higher by 26–74% as compared to that of titanium. On the other hand, bacteria also adhered well on the two metal surfaces. E. coliand P. fluorescens had high affinity on gold and titanium surfaces, respectively, while K. aerogenes was more adherent to titanium. The results showed that titanium and gold are good metals for biomaterials yet at the same time, their bioinert property provide excellent condition for bacterial adhesion. Therefore, there is a need for proper surface preparation to optimize the use of titanium and gold as biomaterials

Tijing, LD, Lee, D-H, Kim, D-W, Cho, YI & Kim, CS 2011, 'Effect of high-frequency electric fields on calcium carbonate scaling', Desalination, vol. 279, no. 1-3, pp. 47-53.
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The present study conducted an investigation on the effect of high-frequency electric fields (HFEF) in calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scale formation on heated copper tube surfaces. Artificial hard water at varying CaCO3 hardness was used. Calcium carbonate scales were formed on a heated copper tube surface, the fouling thermal resistance was calculated, and the calcium content of the deposited CaCO3 scale was measured by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), and the cooling water was analyzed during the scaling process. No-treatment and HFEF-treatment cases were conducted and compared. The calcium content of the deposited scale dropped by 4–49% in HFEF-treatment case. The lower calcium content of the deposit corresponded to thinner deposits. Water analyses showed consistently lesser percentage drop in HFEF-treatment case primarily due to less fouling deposition. The asymptotic fouling thermal resistance in HFEF-treatment case had a maximum decrease of 88% (i.e., from 4.5 × 10− 4 to 5.4 × 10− 5 m2K/W).

Tijing, LD, Yu, M-H, Kim, C-H, Amarjargal, A, Lee, YC, Lee, D-H, Kim, D-W & Kim, CS 2011, 'Mitigation of scaling in heat exchangers by physical water treatment using zinc and tourmaline', Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 31, no. 11-12, pp. 2025-2031.
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Tomamichel, M & Hänggi, E 2011, 'The Link between Entropic Uncertainty and Nonlocality', J. Phys. A: Math. Theor., vol. 46, no. 5, p. 055301.
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Two of the most intriguing features of quantum physics are the uncertainty principle and the occurrence of nonlocal correlations. The uncertainty principle states that there exist pairs of incompatible measurements on quantum systems such that their outcomes cannot both be predicted. On the other hand, nonlocal correlations of measurement outcomes at different locations cannot be explained by classical physics, but appear in the presence of entanglement. Here, we show that these two fundamental quantum effects are quantitatively related. Namely, we provide an entropic uncertainty relation for the outcomes of two binary measurements, where the lower bound on the uncertainty is quantified in terms of the maximum Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt value that can be achieved with these measurements. We discuss applications of this uncertainty relation in quantum cryptography, in particular, to certify quantum sources using untrusted devices.

Tomamichel, M, Lim, CCW, Gisin, N & Renner, R 2011, 'Tight Finite-Key Analysis for Quantum Cryptography', Nat. Commun., vol. 3, pp. 634-6.
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Despite enormous progress both in theoretical and experimental quantum cryptography, the security of most current implementations of quantum key distribution is still not established rigorously. One of the main problems is that the security of the final key is highly dependent on the number, M, of signals exchanged between the legitimate parties. While, in any practical implementation, M is limited by the available resources, existing security proofs are often only valid asymptotically for unrealistically large values of M. Here, we demonstrate that this gap between theory and practice can be overcome using a recently developed proof technique based on the uncertainty relation for smooth entropies. Specifically, we consider a family of Bennett-Brassard 1984 quantum key distribution protocols and show that security against general attacks can be guaranteed already for moderate values of M.

Tran, BNH, Nguyen, ND, Nguyen, VX, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2011, 'Genetic profiling and individualized prognosis of fracture', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 414-419.
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Fragility fracture is a serious public health problem in the world. The risk of fracture is determined by genetic and nongenetic clinical risk factors. This study sought to quantify the contribution of genetic profiling to fracture prognosis. The study was built on the ongoing Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study, in which fracture and risk factors of 858 men and 1358 women had been monitored continuously from 1989 and 2008. Fragility fracture was ascertained by radiologic reports. Bone mineral density at the femoral neck was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fifty independent genes with allele frequencies ranging from 0.01 to 0.60 and relative risks (RRs) ranging from 1.01 to 3.0 were simulated. Three predictive models were fitted to the data in which fracture was a function of (1) clinical risk factors only, (2) genes only, and (3) clinical risk factors and 50 genes. The area under the curve (AUC) for model 1 was 0.77, which was lower than that of model II (AUC - 0.82). Adding genes into the clinical risk factors model (model 3) increased the AUC to 0.88 and improved the accuracy of fracture classification by 45%, with most (41%) improvement in specificity. In the presence of clinical risk factors, the number of genes required to achieve an AUC of 0.85 was around 25. These results suggest that genetic profiling could enhance the predictive accuracy of fracture prognosis and help to identify high-risk individuals for appropriate management of osteoporosis or intervention.

Tran, T, Tuan, HD, Ha, QP & Nguyen, HT 2011, 'Stabilising agent design for the control of interconnected systems', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL, vol. 84, no. 6, pp. 1140-1156.
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This article presents a new control design strategy for stabilising large-scale interconnected systems operating in semi-automatic control modes. The large-scale system is modelled by subsystems connected to each other in an arbitrary configuration. Each subsystem is regulated by a dedicated multivariable controller that also allows for a manual control mode. The notion of asymptotically positive realness constraint (APRC) is introduced and applied for deriving the interconnection stabilisability condition in the time domain. The interactions between subsystems are taken into consideration in the stability condition. The APRC is subsequently employed in the so-called stabilising agent to accommodate the closed-loop control and man-in-the-loop coexistence. The multipliers of the APRC quadratic supply rate are updated on-the-fly to ensure that the constraint satisfaction of stabilising agents is recursively feasible. The stabilising agents are developed independently from the control law under the same auspice controller. Due to this independence, operational errors from the manual control adjustments, that may destabilise the control systems, can be avoided. The decentralised agents render stabilising bounds for the manipulated variables in the automatic control mode, and at the same time, provide warning signals and manipulation guidance for the operators to prevent possible plant-wide destabilisation in the manual control mode. Our main results are illustrated through numerical simulations for an industrial modular system.

Tran, TP, Nguyen, TTS, Tsai, P & Kong, X 2011, 'BSPNN: boosted subspace probabilistic neural network for email security', Artificial Intelligence Review, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 369-382.
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Detailed information on ACM DL web site: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1969389.1969400 "BSPNN: boosted subspace probabilistic neural network for email security"

Tran, TT & Lu, X 2011, 'Synergistic Effect of Ag and Pd Ions on Shape-Selective Growth of Polyhedral Au Nanocrystals with High-Index Facets', The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 115, no. 9, pp. 3638-3645.
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Tseng, H-J, Cheng, R-C, Wu, S-H, Blamires, SJ & Tso, I-M 2011, 'Trap barricading and decorating by a well-armored sit-and-wait predator: extra protection or prey attraction?', Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, vol. 65, no. 12, pp. 2351-2359.
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Tu, KL, Chivas, AR & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Effects of membrane fouling and scaling on boron rejection by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes', Desalination, vol. 279, no. 1-3, pp. 269-277.
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Tu, KL, Nghiem, LD & Chivas, AR 2011, 'Coupling effects of feed solution pH and ionic strength on the rejection of boron by NF/RO membranes', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 168, no. 2, pp. 700-706.
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Tune, P & Veitch, D 2011, 'Fisher Information in Flow Size Distribution Estimation', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 7011-7035.
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Turini, G, Pietroni, N, Megali, G, Ganovelli, F, Pietrabissa, A & Mosca, F 2011, 'New techniques for computer-based simulation in surgical training', International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 303-303.
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Valipour, HR & Crews, K 2011, 'Efficient finite element modelling of timber beams strengthened with bonded fibre reinforced polymers', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 3291-3300.
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This paper presents development and application of a simple and efficient frame finite element (FE) able to estimate the load-carrying capacity of timber beams flexurally strengthened with externally bonded fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) strips and near-surface mounted FRP bars. The developed element is able to model collapse due to timber crushing under compression, timber fracture under tension and FRP rupture and it is developed in the framework of a flexibility-based fibre element formulation. Furthermore, a novel method based on central difference method in conjunction with composite Simpson's integration scheme along the element axis is developed to take account of shear-slip. The developed model is employed to predict the loading capacity and the applied load-mid span deflection response of timber beams strengthened with FRP and the numerically simulated responses agree well with the corresponding experimental results. The major features of this frame FE are its simplicity and efficiency compared with more complex and computationally expensive FEs which makes it a suitable tool for practical use in design-oriented parametric studies.

Vamplew, P, Dazeley, R, Berry, A, Issabekov, R & Dekker, E 2011, 'Empirical evaluation methods for multiobjective reinforcement learning algorithms', Machine Learning, vol. 84, no. 1-2, pp. 51-80.
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van den Hoven, E & Mazalek, A 2011, 'Grasping gestures: Gesturing with physical artifacts', AI EDAM-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN ANALYSIS AND MANUFACTURING, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 255-271.
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Gestures play an important role in communication. They support the listener, who is trying to understand the speaker. However, they also support the speaker by facilitating the conceptualization and verbalization of messages and reducing cognitive load. Gestures thus play an important role in collaboration and also in problem-solving tasks. In human-computer interaction, gestures are also used to facilitate communication with digital applications, because their expressive nature can enable less constraining and more intuitive digital interactions than conventional user interfaces. Although gesture research in the social sciences typically considers empty-handed gestures, digital gesture interactions often make use of handheld objects or touch surfaces to capture gestures that would be difficult to track in free space. In most cases, the physical objects used to make these gestures serve primarily as a means of sensing or input. In contrast, tangible interaction makes use of physical objects as embodiments of digital information. The physical objects in a tangible interface thus serve as representations as well as controls for the digital information they are associated with. Building on this concept, gesture interaction has the potential to make use of the physical properties of hand-held objects to enhance or change the functionality of the gestures made. In this paper, we look at the design opportunities that arise at the intersection of gesture and tangible interaction. We believe that gesturing while holding physical artifacts opens up a new interaction design space for collaborative digital applications that is largely unexplored. We provide a survey of gesture interaction work as it relates to tangible and touch interaction. Based on this survey, we define the design space of tangible gesture interaction as the use of physical devices for facilitating, supporting, enhancing, or tracking gestures people make for digital interaction purposes, and outline the ...

van Geel, TACM, Nguyen, ND, Geusens, PP, Center, JR, Nguyen, TV, Dinant, G-J & Eisman, JA 2011, 'Development of a simple prognostic nomogram for individualising 5-year and 10-year absolute risks of fracture: a population-based prospective study among postmenopausal women', Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 92-97.
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OBJECTIVES: Previous fracture prediction models have been based on the assumption of a stable risk of subsequent fractures over time. The aim of the present work was to develop a nomogram for prediction of 5-year and 10-year individualised absolute fracture risks for postmenopausal women taking into account the time relation between fractures. METHODS: A population-based prospective study was performed in 23 general practice centres located in the southern part of The Netherlands. At baseline (1992-1994), 4203 postmenopausal women between 50 and 80 years participated and 2372 of them also participated 10 years later. Baseline measurements included lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) and clinical risk factor evaluation. The incidence of fractures was ascertained. Bayesian model averaging and Cox's proportional hazards model were used. RESULTS: After enrolment, 382 (16.1%) women had a clinical fracture. Fracture risk was associated with advancing age (HR 1.09 per SD (5 years); 95% CI 1.01 to 1.17), lumbar spine BMD (HR 1.23 per -1 SD; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.37) and a prior fracture, with HR 3.27 (95% CI 2.50 to 4.30) for a recent prior fracture (5 years previously). Women with a recent prior fracture had 66% higher risk of an incident fracture than those with a non-recent prior fracture (HR 1.66; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.40). CONCLUSIONS: The nomogram developed can help doctors to inform patients more effectively and thus better manage patient care by providing an individualised fracture risk taking into account the time relationship for fractures.

van Staden, AJ, Zhang, J & Xia, X 2011, 'A model predictive control strategy for load shifting in a water pumping scheme with maximum demand charges', Applied Energy, vol. 88, no. 12, pp. 4785-4794.
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Vidal-Calleja, TA, Berger, C, Solà, J & Lacroix, S 2011, 'Large scale multiple robot visual mapping with heterogeneous landmarks in semi-structured terrain', Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 654-674.
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This paper addresses the cooperative localization and visual mapping problem with multiple heterogeneous robots. The approach is designed to deal with the challenging large semi-structured outdoors environments in which aerial/ground ensembles are to evo

Walsh, KM, Choi, M, Oberg, K, Kulke, MH, Yao, JC, Wu, C, Jurkiewicz, M, Hsu, L-I, Hooshmand, SM, Hassan, M, Janson, ET, Cunningham, JL, Vosburgh, E, Sackler, RS, Lifton, RP, DeWan, AT & Hoh, J 2011, 'A pilot genome-wide association study shows genomic variants enriched in the non-tumor cells of patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the ileum', Endocrine Related Cancer, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 171-180.
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Genetic studies of midgut carcinoid cancer have exclusively focused on genomic changes of the tumor cells. We investigated the role of constitutional genetic polymorphisms in predisposing individuals to ileal carcinoids. In all, 239 cases and 110 controls were collected fromthree institutions: the Uppsala University Hospital; the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; and the MD Anderson Cancer Center, and were genotyped using microarrays assaying >300 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Association with rs2208059 in KIF16B approached statistical significance (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio=2.42, P=4.16×10 -7) at a Bonferroni-corrected level (<1.62×10-7). Using two computational algorithms, four copy-number variants (CNVs) were identified in multiple cases that were absent in study controls and markedly less frequent in ∼1500 population-based controls. Of these four constitutional CNVs identified in blood-derived DNA, a 40 kb heterozygous deletion in Chr18q22.1 corresponded with a region frequently showing loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in ileal carcinoid tumor cells based on our meta-analysis of previously published cytogenetic studies (69.7% LOH, 95% confidence interval =60.0-77.9%). We analyzed the constitutional 40 kb deletion on chr18 in our study samples with a real-time quantitative PCR assay; 14/226 cases (6.19%) and 2/97 controls (2.06%) carried the CNV, although the exact boundaries of each deletion have not been determined. Given the small sample size, our findings warrant an independent cohort for a replication study. Owing to the rarity of this disease, we believe these results will provide a valuable resource for future work on this serious condition by allowing others to make efficient use of their samples in targeted studies. © 2011 Society for Endocrinology Printed in Great Britain.

Wang, J, Chi, D, Wu, J & Lu, H-Y 2011, 'Chaotic time series method combined with particle swarm optimization and trend adjustment for electricity demand forecasting', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 8419-8429.
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Electricity demand forecasting plays an important role in electric power systems planning. In this paper, nonlinear time series modeling technique is applied to analyze electricity demand. Firstly, the phase space, which describes the evolution of the be

Wang, XC, Luo, L, Chen, R & Ngo, HH 2011, 'Thermodynamic analysis of an urban water system with reclaimed water as supplemental water resource', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 307-315.
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The natural water system maintains its dynamic equilibrium through a hydrological cycle that involves a series of natural processes. Such a natural water cycle has been much disturbed by human activities in the process of water use. An urban water system was thus modeled in this paper as a series of artificial water cycles overlaid upon the natural water cycle. The system was thermodynamically analyzed by calculating the entropy budget as ÎS = ÎiS + ÎeS where ÎiS and ÎeS are the entropy increases due to natural and artificial contributions, respectively. The natural water cycle free from human disturbance should possess the nature of self maintenance of water and materials balance and could be assumed as a pseudo-reversible process with ÎiS 0. ÎeS was then supposed as to be contributed by artificial disturbances on water quantity such as by water withdrawal, and on water quality such as by pollutant discharge. A series of models were developed for calculating ÎeS. As a result of scenario analysis of urban water system in Xi'an, a metropolitan in northwestern China, using these models, it was indicated that under the current condition of water supply and wastewater treatment, if 20% of the treated wastewater could be reused, ÎeS would be decreased by 15.22% from the current level, while if the percent of treated wastewater reuse could be increased to 40%, ÎeS would be decreased by 29.93%. Thermodynamic analysis thus provided a tool for quantitative evaluation of the effect of urban wastewater reclamation and reuse.

Wang, Y, Zhu, X, Hao, H & Ou, J 2011, 'Spectral Element Model Updating for Damage Identification Using Clonal Selection Algorithm', Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 837-856.
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A spectral element model updating procedure is presented to identify damage in a structure using Guided wave propagation results. Two damage spectral elements (DSE1 and DSE2) are developed to model the local (cracks in reinforcement bar) and global (debonding between reinforcement bar and concrete) damage in one-dimensional homogeneous and composite waveguide, respectively. Transfer matrix method is adopted to assemble the stiffness matrix of multiple spectral elements. In order to solve the inverse problem, clonal selection algorithm is used for the optimization calculations. Two displacement-based functions and two frequency-based functions are used as objective functions in this study. Numerical simulations of wave propagation in a bare steel bar and in a reinforcement bar without and with various assumed damage scenarios are carried out. Numerically simulated data are then used to identify local and global damage of the steel rebar and the concrete-steel interface using the proposed method. Results show that local damage is easy to be identified by using any considered objective function with the proposed method while only using the wavelet energy-based objective function gives reliable identification of global damage. The method is then extended to identify multiple damages in a structure. To further verify the proposed method, experiments of wave propagation in a rectangular steel bar before and after damage are conducted. The proposed method is used to update the structural model for damage identification. The results demonstrate the capability of the proposed method in identifying cracks in steel bars based on measured wave propagation data.

Warkiani, ME, Chen, L, Lou, C-P, Liu, H-B, Zhang, R & Gong, H-Q 2011, 'Capturing and recovering of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts with polymeric micro-fabricated filter', Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 369, no. 1-2, pp. 560-568.
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Warkiani, ME, Lou, C-P & Gong, H-Q 2011, 'Fabrication and characterization of a microporous polymeric micro-filter for isolation ofCryptosporidium parvumoocysts', Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 035002-035002.
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Wattana, S & Sharma, D 2011, 'Electricity industry reforms in Thailand: an analysis of productivity', International Journal of Energy Sector Management, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 494-521.
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PurposeIn the early 1990s, the Thai government initiated a process of reform of the electricity industry with the argument that such reform would improve the performance of the industry and contribute to enhancing the overall economic prosperity. The purpose of this paper is to examine the veracity of this argument by analysing both the technical and environmental performance of the Thai electricity industry.Design/methodology/approachA data envelopment analysis‐based methodology is employed in this study to measure the productivity of the Thai electricity industry, for the period 1980‐2006. This method enables the decomposition of productivity changes into technical and efficiency changes, and hence enables one to determine if changes in productivity are due to electricity reform (efficiency gains) or due to autonomous technological improvements.FindingsThe study reveals that the increase in the productivity of the Thai electricity industry over the period 1980‐2006 was mainly driven by technological improvements and that industry reform has had insignificant impact on productivity. Further, the impacts of electricity reform on the environment appear to be relatively modest – this too was driven by government regulation that supports the use of less environmentally detrimental fuels for electricity generation by the private producers, rather than electricity reform.Originality/valueThe analysis in this paper contributes to the literature on productivity and efficiency, by applying the DEA method to a time series data for a single industry. Additionally, the analysis of environmental performance of the Thai el...

Weaver, M, Green, J, Petasecca, M, Lerch, MLF, Cutajar, D, Franklin, D, Jakubek, J, Carolan, MG, Conway, M, Pospisil, S, Kron, T, Metcalfe, P, Zaider, M & Rosenfeld, AB 2011, 'Three-dimensional dosimetry imaging of I-125 plaque for eye cancer treatment', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 633, pp. S276-S278.
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Winkler, S, Tomamichel, M, Hengl, S & Renner, R 2011, 'Impossibility of Growing Quantum Bit Commitments', Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 107, no. 9, p. 090502.
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Quantum key distribution (QKD) is often, more correctly, called key growing. Given a short key as a seed, QKD enables two parties, connected by an insecure quantum channel, to generate a secret key of arbitrary length. Conversely, no key agreement is possible without access to an initial key. Here, we consider another fundamental cryptographic task, commitments. While, similar to key agreement, commitments cannot be realized from scratch, we ask whether they may be grown. That is, given the ability to commit to a fixed number of bits, is there a way to augment this to commitments to strings of arbitrary length? Using recently developed information-theoretic techniques, we answer this question to the negative.

Wolf, SJ, Huynh, T, Bryce, NS, Hambley, TW, Wakelin, LPG, Stewart, BW & Catchpoole, DR 2011, 'Intracellular trafficking as a determinant of AS-DACA cytotoxicity in rhabdomyosarcoma cells', BMC Cell Biology, vol. 12, no. 1.
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Abstract Background Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant soft tissue sarcoma derived from skeletal muscle precursor cells, which accounts for 5-8% of all childhood malignancies. Disseminated RMS represents a major clinical obstacle, and the need for better treatment strategies for the clinically aggressive alveolar RMS subtype is particularly apparent. Previously, we have shown that the acridine-4-carboxamide derivative AS-DACA, a known topoisomerase II poison, is potently cytotoxic in the alveolar RMS cell line RH30, but is 190-fold less active in the embryonal RMS cell line RD. Here, we investigate the basis for this selectivity, and demonstrate in these RMS lines, and in an AS-DACA- resistant subclone of RH30, that AS-DACA-induced cytotoxicity correlates with the induction of DNA double strand breaks. Results We show that inhibition of the multidrug-resistance associated protein (MRP1) has no effect on AS-DACA sensitivity. By exploiting the pH-dependent fluorescence properties of AS-DACA, we have characterized its intracellular distribution, and show that it concentrates in the cell nucleus, as well as in acidic vesicles of the membrane trafficking system. We show that fluorescence microscopy can be used to determine the localization of AS-DACA to the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments of RMS cells grown as spheroids, penetrance being much greater in RH30 than RD spheroids, and that the vesicular signal leads the way into the spheroid mass. EEA1 and Rab5 proteins, molecular markers expressed on early-endosomal vesicles, are reduced by > 50% in the sensitive cell lines. Conclusion Taking the evidence as a whole, suggests that endosomal vesi...

Wong, K-YK, Zhang, G & Chen, Z 2011, 'A Stratified Approach for Camera Calibration Using Spheres', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 305-316.
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Wu, C 2011, 'Special Issue on Protection of Structures against Blast Loading', Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 358-359.
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Wu, C & Zhou, Y 2011, 'Simplified Analysis of Foam Cladding Protected Reinforced Concrete Slabs against Blast Loadings', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 351-365.
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Protection of infrastructure against blast loading has been receiving more attention in recent years due to occasional engineering explosion accidents, e.g., chemical plant explosion, and intentional man-made explosions, e.g., rising terrorist attacks. An effective solution to mitigate blast effects on these buildings is to protect them with sacrificial foam claddings for absorption of blast energy. However, little research has been conducted to analyze the effectiveness of metallic foam protected reinforced concrete (RC) structural members under airblast loads. This paper is to develop a numerical model to analyze the mitigation of blast effects on foam cladding protected RC members with consideration of interaction of blast load, foam layer and protected structural member. This numerical model is a simplified SDOF system where the deformability of the RC flexural member is considered in the form of the supporting spring. The stiffness of the spring K is estimated from the resistance deflection function of the RC member which is derived from combined moment curvature and moment rotation models. Material testing was conducted on aluminum foam specimens to obtain the stress stain curve which was idealised as a rigid-perfectly plastic-locking model. The resistance deflection curve of the RC slab and the idealised rigid-perfectly plastic-locking model for foam specimen were incorporated into the coupled SDOF interaction model for dynamic analysis. A field blast testing on foam protected RC slab was conducted and the accuracy of the coupled SDOF interaction model was validated by experimental data from the blast testing of the foam protected RC slab.

Wu, C, DeWan, A, Hoh, J & Wang, Z 2011, 'A Comparison of Association Methods Correcting for Population Stratification in Case-Control Studies', Annals of Human Genetics, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 418-427.
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Population stratification is an important issue in case-control studies of disease-marker association. Failure to properly account for population structure can lead to spurious association or reduced power. In this article, we compare the performance of six methods correcting for population stratification in case-control association studies. These methods include genomic control (GC), EIGENSTRAT, principal component-based logistic regression (PCA-L), LAPSTRUCT, ROADTRIPS, and EMMAX. We also include the uncorrected Armitage test for comparison. In the simulation studies, we consider a wide range of population structure models for unrelated samples, including admixture. Our simulation results suggest that PCA-L and LAPSTRUCT perform well over all the scenarios studied, whereas GC, ROADTRIPS, and EMMAX fail to correct for population structure at single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that show strong differentiation across ancestral populations. The Armitage test does not adjust for confounding due to stratification thus has inflated type I error. Among all correction methods, EMMAX has the greatest power, based on the population structure settings considered for samples with unrelated individuals. The three methods, EIGENSTRAT, PCA-L, and LAPSTRUCT, are comparable, and outperform both GC and ROADTRIPS in almost all situations. © 2011 The Authors Annals of Human Genetics © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/University College London.

Wu, C, Huang, L & Oehlers, DJ 2011, 'Blast Testing of Aluminum Foam–Protected Reinforced Concrete Slabs', Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 464-474.
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Wu, C, Yu, L & Zhou, Y 2011, 'Numerical Analysis of Metallic Foam Using Microstructure Model', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 499-513.
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It has become a critical issue that the human life and civil facility have been threatened by the increasing terroristic explosive attack. The application of cellular materials is an effective and feasible measure to mitigate blast and impact loading on buildings due to their energy absorption capacity. The Finite Element code such as LSDYNA has been used to simulate the mechanical behaviours of cellular materials. However, most of numerical models regarded the cellular materials as homogeneous materials on the macro level which may affect the accuracy of simulation, because none of them can reflect the pore structure of cellular materials, especially for the irregular metallic foam structures. Therefore, in this study, two main microstructure models (2D/3D metallic foam) were developed for numerical simulation of closed-cell metal. In the microstructure model of metallic foam, the cell walls were represented by thin shell elements and the solid wall material of the cells is modelled as bi-linear stress-strain relationship based on the material properties of the cell wall material of metallic foam. The numerical models were validated through comparing simulated results with analytical values of plateau phase stress-strain response under static condition. With the validated microstructure models, a series of parametric studies were conducted, in order to have a better understanding about the mechanical properties of closed-cell metallic foam. The emphases of this study were on the differences between static and dynamic performances of closed-cell metallic foam specimens in both 2D and 3D cases, the relationship between dynamic increase factor and nominal strain rate.

Wu, D, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2011, 'Similarity measure models and algorithms for hierarchical cases', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 15049-15056.
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Many business situations such as events, products and services, are often described in a hierarchical structure. When we use case-based reasoning (CBR) techniques to support business decision-making, we require a hierarchical-CBR technique which can effectively compare and measure similarity between two hierarchical cases. This study first defines hierarchical case trees (HC-trees) and discusses related features. It then develops a similarity evaluation model which takes into account all the information on nodes structures, concepts, weights, and values in order to comprehensively compare two hierarchical case trees. A similarity measure algorithm is proposed which includes a node concept correspondence degree computation algorithm and a maximum correspondence tree mapping construction algorithm, for HC-trees. We provide two illustrative examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical case similarity evaluation model and algorithms, and possible applications in CBR systems

Xia, X & Zhang, J 2011, 'Modeling and Control of Heavy-Haul Trains [Applications of Control]', IEEE Control Systems, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 18-31.
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Xia, X, Zhang, J & Elaiw, A 2011, 'An application of model predictive control to the dynamic economic dispatch of power generation', Control Engineering Practice, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 638-648.
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Xiao, H, Qiu, J, Wang, S, Zhang, Q, Gong, W, Xin, Y, Zhu, JG & Guo, Y 2011, 'Analysis of Transient Overvoltage in 220 kV Saturated Core HTS FCL', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 2620-2623.
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Saturated Core High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Fault Current Limiter (FCL) is one kind of limiters that can work effectively on short-circuit current limitation. In this paper, an equivalent circuit model depending on ac coil of HTS FCL is built for voltage distribution analysis under transient overvoltage. The equivalent circuit components, such as the capacitances and inductances, are calculated by using ?nite element method. The voltage distribution and oscillation analysis of ac coil may bene?t to the insulation design of HTS FCL.

Xiaojing Huang & Guo, YJ 2011, 'Frequency-Domain AoA Estimation and Beamforming with Wideband Hybrid Arrays', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 2543-2553.
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High speed long range millimetre-wave (mm-wave) links can be achieved by using wideband hybrid antenna arrays of sub-arrays. Due to the array architecture difference, conventional wideband angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation and beamforming techniques are not applicable to such wideband hybrid arrays. Targeted at point-to-point line-of-sight wireless transmission in the 70/80 GHz E bands, a unified frequency-domain AoA estimation and beamforming algorithm suitable for large scale wideband hybrid arrays of both interleaved and side-by-side sub-arrays is proposed in this paper. The AoA estimation performance is analyzed by deriving a recursive modified Cramr-Rao bound (MCRB). The effect of mutual coupling among antenna elements on the estimation performance is also considered for the hybrid array of side-by-side sub-arrays. The analytical results can be used to determine system parameters according to required system specifications. Simulation results show that the proposed AoA estimation algorithm is robust against practical impairments, and the frequency dependency of the array pattern is significantly reduced after digital beamforming. Simulated mean square errors of AoA estimation are also compared with the analytical bounds, showing that the derived recursive MCRB provides a meaningful indication to the AoA estimation performance. © 2006 IEEE.

Xie, W-M, Zhang, R, Li, W-W, Ni, B-J, Fang, F, Sheng, G-P, Yu, H-Q, Song, J, Le, D-Z, Bi, X-J, Liu, C-Q & Yang, M 2011, 'Simulation and optimization of a full-scale Carrousel oxidation ditch plant for municipal wastewater treatment', Biochemical Engineering Journal, vol. 56, no. 1-2, pp. 9-16.
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Xing, W, Ngo, HH, Guo, WS, Listowski, A & Cullum, P 2011, 'Evaluation of an integrated sponge - Granular activated carbon fluidized bed bioreactor for treating primary treated sewage effluent', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5448-5453.
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An integrated fluidized bed bioreactor (iFBBR) was designed to incorporate an aerobic sponge FBBR (ASB-FBBR) into an anoxic granular activated carbon FBBR (GAC-FBBR). This iFBBR was operated with and without adding a new starch based flocculant (NSBF) to

Xu, D, Wijesooriya, C, Wang, Y-G & Beydoun, G 2011, 'Outbound logistics exception monitoring: A multi-perspective ontologies' approach with intelligent agents', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 13604-13611.
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Xu, G, Li, L, Zhang, Y, Yi, X & Kitsuregawa, M 2011, 'Modeling user hidden navigational behavior for Web recommendation', Web Intelligence and Agent Systems: An International Journal, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 239-255.
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Web users exhibit a variety of navigational interests through clicking a sequence of Web pages. Analyses of Web usage data will lead to discovering Web user access patterns, and in turn, facilitating users to locate more preferable Web contents via collaborative recommendation techniques. In the context of Web usage mining, Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) based on probability inference provides a promising approach to capture not only user hidden navigational patterns, but also the associations between users, pages and hidden navigational patterns. The discovered user access patterns could be used as a usage reference base for identifying the new users access preferences and making usage-based collaborative Web recommendations. In this paper, we propose a novel usage-based Web recommendation framework, in which Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is employed to learn the underlying task space from the training Web log data and infer the task distribution for a target user via task inference. The main advantages of the adapted LDA model are its capabilities of efficiently learning the semantic usage information from the Web log data and effectively inferring the access preference of the target user even with a few Web clicks that might be unseen in the training data. In this paper, we also investigate the determination of an optimizing task number, which is another important problem commonly encountered in latent semantic analysis. Experiments conducted on a real Web log dataset show that this approach can achieve better recommendation performance in comparison to other existing techniques. And the discovered task-simplex expression can also provide a better interpretation for Web designers or users to better understand the user navigational preference.

Xu, W, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Wang, Y & Li, Y 2011, 'Performance Comparison of Drive Machines in Electrical Vehicles', Journal of Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 115-120.

Xu, W, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y, Guo, Y & Lei, G 2011, 'New Axial Laminated-Structure Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machine With 6/7 Poles', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 2823-2826.
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In this paper, one new axially laminated-structure ?ux-switching permanent magnet machine (ALSFSPMM) with 6/7 (stator/rotor) poles is proposed. Different from the conventional ?ux-switching permanent magnet machine (FSPMM), the stator and rotor of ALSFSPMM are laminated parallel to the axial direction, which can make full use of PM ?ux linkage, decrease part magnetic saturation, and reduce the iron loss particularly in the range of high speed. By the 2-D model prediction of ?nite element algorithm (FEA), ALSFSPMM has lower cogging torque, stronger ?ux weakening ability, greater torque density, higher ef?ciency, etc., and hence it is an ideal candidate for the drive system of plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle (PHEV).

Xu, W, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y, Guo, Y, Wang, Y & Li, Y 2011, 'Dimension Decision on Drive System of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle', Journal of Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 122-129.

Xu, X, Yang, H, Liu, Y, Zheng, Y, Li, L, Ji, Y & Han, X 2011, 'Formation mechanism of novel two-dimensional single crystalline dendritic copper plates in an aqueous environment', Acta Materialia, vol. 59, no. 19, pp. 7177-7188.
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Xu, XX, Zhang, JX, Guo, F, Zheng, W, Zhou, HM, Wang, BL, Zheng, YF, Wang, YB, Cheng, Y, Lou, X & Jang, BZ 2011, 'A novel amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on immobilized Hb in Pluronic P123-nanographene platelets composite', Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 427-432.
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Xu, Y, Jiang, J & Li, Z 2011, 'Cyclic optimisation for localisation in freeform surface inspection', International Journal of Production Research, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 361-374.
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Increasing demands on precision manufacturing of parts with freeform surfaces have been observed in the last several years. Although significant progress has been made in precision machining of freeform surfaces, inspection of such surfaces remains a dif

Xu, Y, Liu, B, Gong, L, Rong, B & Gui, L 2011, 'Improved shortening algorithm for irregular QC-LDPC codes using known bits', IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 1057-1063.
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Yan, H-F, Yu, Z-Y, Liu, Y-M, Tian, H-D & Han, L-H 2011, 'Novel Propagation Properties of Total Internal Reflection Photonic Crystal Fibres with Rhombic Air Holes', Chinese Physics Letters, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 114210-114210.
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Yan, LY, Li, W, Mesgari, S, Leong, SSJ, Chen, Y, Loo, LS, Mu, Y & Chan-Park, MB 2011, 'Use of a Chondroitin Sulfate Isomer as an Effective and Removable Dispersant of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes', Small, vol. 7, no. 19, pp. 2758-2768.
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Three isomers of chondroitin sulfate (CS), i.e., CS-A, CS-B, and CS-C, are investigated as nanotube dispersants and are found to have vastly different abilities to disperse single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in water due to their different intramolecular interactions. Only CS-A and CS-C effectively disperse SWNTs into small bundles or individual tubes while CS-B disperses SWNTs poorly. Computer simulation and circular dichrosim show that neat CS-A and CS-C have weak intramolecular hydrogen bonding and extended conformations in solution resulting in energetically more favorable interactions with nanotubes. CS-B has relatively strong intramolecular Coulombic interaction and more alpha-helical secondary structure in solution resulting in energetically less favorable interaction with the nanotubes. Atomic force microscopy images show helical wrappings of CS-A and CS-C around the SWNTs. Transmission electron microscopy corroborates the helical wrapping of CS-A. Different isomeric forms of a polymer can have vastly different dispersing power because of their different intramolecular interactions and conformations. The easy removability of CS-A from nanotubes is confirmed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showing almost no detectable sulphur content after washing with water and by application of washed CS-A dispersed SWNTs in field-effect transistors. Three isomers of chondroitin sulfate (CS), i.e., CS-A, CS-B, and CS-C, are investigated as single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) dispersants in water. CS-C and CS-A, which have lower alpha-helix secondary structure contents, disperse the SWNTs much better than CS-B. The helical wrappings of CS-A and CS-C around the nanotubes was confirmed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Yancheng, LI, Jianchun, LI & SAMALI, B 2011, 'Dynamic Performance of a Novel Magnetorheological Pin Joint', Journal of System Design and Dynamics, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 706-715.
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Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) has received significant attention lately and MRF based devices have been proposed for structural control applications in recent years. The unique characteristics of MR fluid lies in its abilities to reversibly, repeatedly and instantly change from a free flowing liquid to a semi-solid state when exposed to a magnetic field. The electric power required to drive the MR devices can be easily provided by a battery. Possessing such unique properties, MR fluid based devices, such as MR damper, have become promising candidates in the semi-active control for civil structure applications. However, most of the published research has focused on application of MR dampers instead of exploring other type of MR devices. In addition, MR based devices exhibit complex nonlinear hysteresis behaviour and thus making their modelling a challenging task.
In this paper, a novel MR fluid based device, namely MR pin joint, is proposed as a smart structural member in development of an intelligent civil structure that can suppress unwanted vibrations to ensure safety and serviceability of the structure. After design and fabrication, experiments have been conducted to characterise dynamic behaviours of the new device under different harmonic excitations with various input currents. Response time of the MR pin joint is compared when the MR pin joint is driven under different applied currents and moving speeds. Test data shows that the MR pin joint possesses a unique behaviour in the moment-angular velocity plot. A hyperbolic hysteresis model is proposed to model such unique behaviour. The investigation presented in the paper explores dynamic performance of MR pin joint. Finally, a parametric model is developed following the investigation on the correlation of coefficients in the proposed model with the loading conditions and applied currents.

Yang, G, Chen, X, Lei, G, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2011, 'Domain Decomposition Combined Radial Basis Function Collocation Method to Solve Transient Eddy Current Magnetic Problems With Moving Conductors', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 2939-2942.
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Radial basis function (RBF) collocation method is a kind of pure meshless numerical method and has been applied to solve static and transient electromagnetic problems. Especially, it shows a great advantage in the computation of moving conductor eddy current magnetic problems. To simulate the conductor movement, the field equations are decoupled with superposition principle and solved by time-domain iteration under moving coordinate systems. One problem is that the coefficient matrix of RBF governing equations, which needs to be computed in each iteration step, is full. As the number of RBF nodes increases, the computational capacity will grow rapidly. The domain decomposition method (DDM), which divides the solving domain into several subdomains, could be conveniently combined with RBF collocation method. This paper first applies DDM combined RBF collocation method to compute transient eddy current magnetic field problems with moving conductors. With this novel method, the iteration only proceeds in the subdomains containing conductors. And the magnetic field in the subdomains without conductors needs to be computed just once before the iteration. The dimension of the coefficient matrix computed in the iteration is only determined by the number of nodes in the corresponding subdomains and on the interfaces. An engineering problem is computed to show that the DDM combined RBF collocation method is much more efficient than the normal one.

Yang, G, Lei, G, Chen, X & Shao, K 2011, 'Radial basis function meshless method to solve 2-D electromagnetic problems with moving conductors', Zhongguo Dianji Gongcheng Xuebao/Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering, vol. 31, no. 30, pp. 146-152.
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This paper applied the radial basis function (RBF) collocation method to solve electromagnetic problems with moving conductors. A superposition RBF collocation method under moving coordinate system was presented to compute the convective-diffusion Maxwell equations of the transient eddy current magnetic field. The field, which was regarded as a superposition of two fields generated by the excitation current and the eddy current respectively, was constructed with RBFs in separate moving coving coordinate systems. According to the linear property of the RBF collocation model, the corresponding governing equations could be directly decoupled and solved through time-domain iteration. Therefore, the motion of the conductor could be transferred into the relative motion between coordinate systems. And the RBF model would not change during the iteration, which avoided the model reconfiguration due to the conductor motion. To examine the method, two numerical examples: TEAM workshop problem 28 and an electromagnetic launcher system were computed. The results agreed well with the experiment data shown in literatures. © 2011 Chin. Soc. for Elec. Eng.

Yang, J, Dai, B, Huang, B & Yu, S 2011, 'Orthogonal feedback scheme for network coding', Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 1623-1633.
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Yang, L, Ji, J, Hu, J & Ning, L 2011, 'Prediction of Process Parameters on Stress and Strain Fields in Hot Rolling Process using Finite Element Method', Information Technology Journal, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 2406-2412.
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To predict the distribution of stress and strain fields in hot rolling process, the computer models are built using rigid-plastic finite element method and are calculated using up-dated Lagrange method. The workpiece and the work-roll are defined as the

Yang, L, Ji, J, Hu, J & Romagos, A 2011, 'Effect of process parameters on mechanical behavior in hot-slab rolling', MECHANIKA, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 474-479.
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This paper studies hot rolling process of typical low carbon steel by using rigid-plastic finite element method. Numerical simulations are carried out to examine the effects of the percentage of reduction rate, work-roll radius, frictional coefficient, rolling speed, tension, initial rolling temperature and initial slab thickness on rolling force and deformation behavior of the slab. It is found that rolling force increases with the increases of reduction rate, rolling speed, frictional coefficient and radius. The initial rolling temperature, initial slab thickness and tension have also important effects on rolling force, and it will decreases remarkably by increasing the parameters. Moreover, it is also found that rolling force remains unchanged when initial slab temperature reaches certain value. The friction and effective stress distribution in the slab are obtained for the steady-state rolling process. The positive friction in backward slip zone is found to be greater than the negative friction in forward slip zone along rolling direction, indicating that friction acts as the driving force in the rolling process.

Yang, N, Schindeler, A, McDonald, MM, Seto, JT, Houweling, PJ, Lek, M, Hogarth, M, Morse, AR, Raftery, JM, Balasuriya, D, MacArthur, DG, Berman, Y, Quinlan, KGR, Eisman, JA, Nguyen, TV, Center, JR, Prince, RL, Wilson, SG, Zhu, K, Little, DG & North, KN 2011, 'alpha-Actinin-3 deficiency is associated with reduced bone mass in human and mouse', BONE, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 790-798.
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Bone mineral density (BMD) is a complex trait that is the single best predictor of the risk of osteoporotic fractures. Candidate gene and genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variations in approximately 30 genetic loci associated with BMD variation in humans. alpha-Actinin-3 (ACTN3) is highly expressed in fast skeletal muscle fibres. There is a common null-polymorphism R577X in human ACTN3 that results in complete deficiency of the alpha-actinin-3 protein in approximately 20% of Eurasians. Absence of alpha-actinin-3 does not cause any disease phenotypes in muscle because of compensation by alpha-actinin-2. However, alpha-actinin-3 deficiency has been shown to be detrimental to athletic sprint/power performance. In this report we reveal additional functions for alpha-actinin-3 in bone. alpha-Actinin-3 but not alpha-actinin-2 is expressed in osteoblasts. The Actn3(-/-) mouse displays significantly reduced bone mass, with reduced cortical bone volume (-14%) and trabecular number (-61%) seen by microCT. Dynamic histomorphometry indicated this was due to a reduction in bone formation. In a cohort of postmenopausal Australian women, ACTN3 577XX genotype was associated with lower BMD in an additive genetic model, with the R577X genotype contributing 1.1% of the variance in BMD. Microarray analysis of cultured osteoprogenitors from Actn3(-/-) mice showed alterations in expression of several genes regulating bone mass and osteoblast/osteoclast activity, including Enpp1, Opg and Wnt7b. Our studies suggest that ACTN3 likely contributes to the regulation of bone mass through alterations in bone turnover. Given the high frequency of R577X in the general population, the potential role of ACTN3 R577X as a factor influencing variations in BMD in elderly humans warrants further study.

Yang, S, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2011, 'Association between beta-blocker use and fracture risk: The Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study', Bone, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 451-455.
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Introduction: In animal model, mice treated with beta-blockers (BB) had increased bone mass. In humans, high bone mass is associated with reduce fracture risk. The present study sought to test the hypothesis that BB use is associated with reduced fracture risk. Materials and methods: Data from 3488 participants (1285 men) aged 50 years and above in the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study (DOES) were analyzed. Baseline characteristics of participants were obtained at the initial visit which had taken place between 1989 and 1993. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (GE-LUNAR Corp, Madison, WI). Two hundred and sixty two (20%) men and 411 (19%) women had been on BB, as ascertained by direct interview and verification with medication history. The incidence of fragility fractures was ascertained during the follow-up period (19892008). Results: In men, BB use was associated with higher BMD at the femoral neck (0.96 versus 0.92 g/cm2, Pb0.01), higher lumbar spine (1.32 versus 1.25 g/cm2, Pb0.01), and lower fracture risk than those not on BB (odds ratio [OR]: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.320.75). In women, BB users also had higher femoral neck BMD (0.83 versus 0.81 g/cm2, Pb0.01), higher lumbar spine BMD (1.11 versus 1.06 g/cm2, Pb0.01), and lower risk of fracture than nonusers (OR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.530.87). The associations between BB use and fracture risk were independent of age, BMD, and clinical risk factors. Subgroup analysis suggested that the association was mainly found in selective BB, not in non-selective BB. Conclusion: Beta-blockers use, particularly selective BB, was associated with reduced fracture risk in both men and women, and the association was independent of BMD.

Yang, X, Zhang, G, Lu, J & Ma, J 2011, 'A Kernel Fuzzy c-Means Clustering-Based Fuzzy Support Vector Machine Algorithm for Classification Problems With Outliers or Noises', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 105-115.
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The support vector machine (SVM) has provided higher performance than traditional learning machines and has been widely applied in real-world classification problems and nonlinear function estimation problems. Unfortunately, the training process of the SVM is sensitive to the outliers or noises in the training set. In this paper, a common misunderstanding of Gaussianfunction- based kernel fuzzy clustering is corrected, and a kernel fuzzy c-means clustering-based fuzzy SVM algorithm (KFCMFSVM) is developed to deal with the classification problems with outliers or noises. In the KFCM-FSVM algorithm, we first use the FCM clustering to cluster each of two classes from the training set in the high-dimensional feature space. The farthest pair of clusters, where one cluster comes from the positive class and the other from the negative class, is then searched and forms one new training set with membership degrees. Finally, we adopt FSVM to induce the final classification results on this new training set. The computational complexity of the KFCM-FSVM algorithm is analyzed. A set of experiments is conducted on six benchmarking datasets and four artificial datasets for testing the generalization performance of the KFCM-FSVM algorithm. The results indicate that the KFCM-FSVM algorithm is robust for classification problems with outliers or noises.

Yang, Y, Fu, J, Peng, H, Hou, L, Liu, M & Zhou, JL 2011, 'Occurrence and phase distribution of selected pharmaceuticals in the Yangtze Estuary and its coastal zone', Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 190, no. 1-3, pp. 588-596.
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The occurrence and geochemical behavior of nine pharmaceutical compounds were investigated along the Yangtze River Estuary and its coastal area, by sampling and analysis of pharmaceuticals in sediment, suspended particulate matter (SPM), colloidal and soluble phases. In addition, the impact of sewage input was examined by sampling from sewage treatment plants (STP) effluent and its upstream and downstream in the Yangtze River. Although at relatively low concentrations in SPM and sediments, several pharmaceuticals were found at elevated concentration in filtered water samples from STP-affected sites. STP is therefore an important input of pharmaceuticals in the study area. Colloidal phase was further separated from bulk water samples using cross-flow ultrafiltration (CFUF), confirming it being an effective sorbent for pharmaceuticals with high sorption capacity which are 24 orders of magnitude higher than SPM. Moreover, mass balance calculations showed that significant percentages of selected pharmaceutical compounds were associated with aquatic colloids, indicating colloids as a reservoir for these contaminants in the Yangtze estuarine system.

Yang, Y, Li, J, Wang, H, Song, X, Wang, T, He, B, Liang, X & Ngo, HH 2011, 'An Electrocatalytic Membrane Reactor with Self-Cleaning Function for Industrial Wastewater Treatment', Angewandte Chemie, vol. 123, no. 9, pp. 2196-2198.
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Industrial wastewater has become a global issue due to its high concentration of pollutants, especially refractory organic compounds.[1] Membrane technology has attracted considerable attention in industrial wastewater purification over the past decades owing to its high flexibility regarding water quality and low investment costs. However, inherent membrane fouling caused by concentration polarization and pore blocking leads to low plant reliability and limits wide industrial application in wastewater treatment.[2] Controlling and mitigating membrane fouling has become the most critical problem in the field of membrane technology for water and wastewater treatment.

Yang, Y, Li, J, Wang, H, Song, X, Wang, T, He, B, Liang, X & Ngo, HH 2011, 'An Electrocatalytic Membrane Reactor with Self-Cleaning Function for Industrial Wastewater Treatment', Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 50, no. 9, pp. 2148-2150.
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Ye, D, Zhang, M & Sutanto, D 2011, 'A Hybrid Multiagent Framework With Q-Learning for Power Grid Systems Restoration', IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 2434-2441.
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Yiming Liu, Dong Xu, Tsang, IW-H & Jiebo Luo 2011, 'Textual Query of Personal Photos Facilitated by Large-Scale Web Data', IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 1022-1036.
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The rapid popularization of digital cameras and mobile phone cameras has led to an explosive growth of personal photo collections by consumers. In this paper, we present a real-time textual query-based personal photo retrieval system by leveraging millions of Web images and their associated rich textual descriptions (captions, categories, etc.). After a user provides a textual query (e.g., "water), our system exploits the inverted file to automatically find the positive Web images that are related to the textual query "water as well as the negative Web images that are irrelevant to the textual query. Based on these automatically retrieved relevant and irrelevant Web images, we employ three simple but effective classification methods, k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN), decision stumps, and linear SVM, to rank personal photos. To further improve the photo retrieval performance, we propose two relevance feedback methods via cross-domain learning, which effectively utilize both the Web images and personal images. In particular, our proposed cross-domain learning methods can learn robust classifiers with only a very limited amount of labeled personal photos from the user by leveraging the prelearned linear SVM classifiers in real time. We further propose an incremental cross-domain learning method in order to significantly accelerate the relevance feedback process on large consumer photo databases. Extensive experiments on two consumer photo data sets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our system, which is also inherently not limited by any predefined lexicon.

Ying, M 2011, 'Floyd-Hoare Logic for Quantum Programs', ACM TRANSACTIONS ON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 1-49.
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Floyd-Hoare logic is a foundation of axiomatic semantics of classical programs, and it provides effective proof techniques for reasoning about correctness of classical programs. To offer similar techniques for quantum program verification and to build a

Ying, M & Feng, Y 2011, 'A Flowchart Language for Quantum Programming', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 466-485.
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Several high-level quantum programming languages have been proposed in the previous research. In this paper, we define a low-level flowchart language for quantum programming, which can be used in implementation of high-level quantum languages and in desi

Ying, M, Yu, N, Feng, Y & Duan, R 2011, 'Verification of Quantum Programs', CoRR, vol. abs/1106.4063, no. 4, pp. 1085-1093.
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© Copyright 2018, Institute of Software, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. With the rapid development of quantum hardware, people tend to believe that special-purpose quantum computers with more than 100 qubits will be available in 5 to 10 years. It is conceivable that, once this becomes a reality, the development of quantum software will be crucial in harnessing the power of quantum computers. However, due to the distinguishable features of quantum mechanics, such as the no-cloning of quantum information and the nonlocal effect of entanglement, developing correct and efficient quantum programs and communication protocols is a challenging issue. Formal verification methods, particularly model checking techniques, have proven effective in classical software design and system modelling. Therefore, formal verification of quantum software has received more and more attention recently. This article reviews recent research findings in verification of both sequential quantum programs and quantum communication protocols, with the focus placed on the work of the two authors' research groups. Future directions and challenges in this area are also discussed.

Yong Cai & Guo, YJ 2011, 'A Frequency-Agile Compact Array With a Reconfigurable Decoupling and Matching Network', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, pp. 1031-1034.
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A new frequency-agile compact antenna array incorporating a reconfigurable decoupling and matching network (DMN) is presented. The array consists of two printed monopole antennas, each loaded with a p-i-n diode. By changing the p-i-n diode states through an inductive biasing line, the array operating frequency can be tuned to the 2.5-or 3.5-GHz band. The array interelement spacing is chosen to be as small as 0.05 λ 0 at 2.5 GHz, which results in a strong mutual coupling between antenna ports. A reconfigurable DMN is proposed to reduce the mutual coupling when the array frequency is switched. Measured results show that the use of the DMN realizes a matched (S 11 ≤-10 dB) and decoupled (S 21 ≤-20 dB) bandwidth of 150 and 160 MHz in the lower and higher bands, respectively. In addition, compared to the strongly coupled array, at least 9% antenna total efficiency improvement is measured over a 125-MHz bandwidth in both the lower and the higher bands. The effect of the ohmic loss in the DMN on the antenna correlation is also investigated. © 2011 IEEE.

Yongchang Zhang & Jianguo Zhu 2011, 'A Novel Duty Cycle Control Strategy to Reduce Both Torque and Flux Ripples for DTC of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives With Switching Frequency Reduction', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 3055-3067.
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Conventional switching-table-based direct torque control (DTC) presents large torque and flux ripples as well as variable switching frequency. Many methods have been proposed to tackle the aforementioned problems, among which duty cycle control is a kind

Yongchang Zhang & Jianguo Zhu 2011, 'Direct Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With Reduced Torque Ripple and Commutation Frequency', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 235-248.
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In conventional direct torque controlled (DTC) permanent magnet synchronous motor drive, there is usually undesired torque and flux ripple. The existing literature have proposed some methods to reduce torque and flux ripple by optimizing the duty ratio o

YOSHIZAWA, S, IKEUCHI, H & MIYANAGA, Y 2011, 'VLSI Implementation of a Scalable Pipeline MMSE MIMO Detector for a 4*4 MIMO-OFDM Receiver', IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, vol. E94-A, no. 1, pp. 324-331.
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Younis, OM, Krunz, MM & Ramasubramanian, S 2011, 'ROC: Resilient Online Coverage for Surveillance Applications', IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 251-264.
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Youssef, AM, Pradhan, B & Hassan, AM 2011, 'Flash flood risk estimation along the St. Katherine road, southern Sinai, Egypt using GIS based morphometry and satellite imagery', Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 611-623.
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Youssef, AM, Pradhan, B & Tarabees, E 2011, 'Integrated evaluation of urban development suitability based on remote sensing and GIS techniques: contribution from the analytic hierarchy process', Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 4, no. 3-4, pp. 463-473.
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Yu, N, Duan, R & Ying, M 2011, 'Any 2 circle times n subspace is locally distinguishable', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 1-3.
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A subspace of a multipartite Hilbert space is said to be locally indistinguishable if any orthonormal basis of this subspace cannot be perfectly distinguished by local operations and classical communication. Previously it was shown that any m . n bipartite system with m > 2 and n > 2 has a locally indistinguishable subspace. However, it has been an open problem since 2005 whether there is a locally indistinguishable bipartite subspace with a qubit subsystem.We settle this problem in negative by showing that any 2 . n bipartite subspace contains a basis that is locally distinguishable. As an interesting application, we show that any quantum channel with two Kraus operators has optimal environment-assisted classical capacity.

Yu, S, Zhou, W, Doss, R & Jia, W 2011, 'Traceback of DDoS Attacks Using Entropy Variations', IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 412-425.
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Yu, Y, Lui, H-S, Niow, CH & Hui, HT 2011, 'Improved DOA Estimations Using the Receiving Mutual Impedances for Mutual Coupling Compensation: An Experimental Study', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 2228-2233.
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Yu, Y, Wu, Y, Guo, X, Feng, R & Wan, J 2011, 'A Probabilistic Approach for Energy Efficient Data Transmission in Pipeline Monitoring Sensor Networks', Procedia Engineering, vol. 24, pp. 64-68.
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Lifetime network is the main considering problem when deploying wireless sensor networks for integrity monitoring of pipeline infrastructures. And the low network lifetime is always caused by the unbalanced energy consumption in the monitoring networks. So in this paper, a sort of data transmission approach based on probabilistic model is put forward to solve the energy consumption unbalanced and enhance the network lifetime. The optimal problem for maximum network lifetime is introduced, which is solved by artificial fish school algorithm. A series of simulation experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of new method. Compared with Direct and Multi-hop methods, new method not only can efficiently balance the network energy load, but also can significantly prolong the network lifetime, meeting the requirements of real-time pipeline monitoring.

Yu, Y, Wu, Y, Yu, N, Feng, R & Wan, J 2011, 'Optimal deployment for maximum lifecycle in natural gas pipeline monitoring sensor networks', Journal of Computational Information Systems, vol. 7, no. 15, pp. 5359-5370.
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Network lifecycle is one of the main considering issues when deploying natural gas pipeline monitoring networks. For increasing monitoring lifecycle, we put forward a kind of networks deployment strategy based on cost-lifecycle. The strategy can solve the following problems: how many nodes should be deployed, which data transmission mode should be adopted, and how far the distances between neighboring nodes are. In order to avoid local optimal solution, hybrid genetic algorithm is employed to work out the deployment strategy. Numerical and simulation results show the perfect performance of the strategy. Besides, we also study the impact of path loss exponent and sensing range on the optimal networks deployment. Eventually, we compare it with two common networks deployment approaches to evaluate the effectiveness of the new strategy. © 2011 Binary Information Press December, 2011.

Yuan, S, Skinner, BT, Huang, S, Liu, DK, Dissanayake, G, Lau, H & Pagac, D 2011, 'A job grouping approach for planning container transfers at automated seaport container terminals', ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 413-426.
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This paper proposes a practical job grouping approach, which aims to enhance the time related performance metrics of container transfers in the Patrick AutoStrad container terminal, located in Brisbane, Australia. It first formulates a mathematical model of the automated container transfers in a relatively complex environment. Apart from the consideration on collision avoidance of a fleet of large vehicles in a confined area, it also deals with many other difficult practical challenges such as the presence of multiple levels of container stacking and sequencing, variable container orientations, and vehicular dynamics that require finite acceleration and deceleration times. The proposed job grouping approach aims to improve the makespan of the schedule for yard jobs, while reducing straddle carrier waiting time by grouping jobs using a guiding function. The performance of the current sequential job allocation method and the proposed job grouping approach are evaluated and compared statistically using a pooled t-test for 30 randomly generated yard configurations. The experimental results show that the job grouping approach can effectively improve the schedule makespan and reduce the total straddle carrier waiting time.

Zeng, T, Li, J & Liu, J 2011, 'Distinct interfacial biclique patterns between ssDNA-binding proteins and those with dsDNAs', Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 598-610.
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We introduce a new motif called interfacial biclique pattern to study the difference between double-stranded DNA-binding proteins (DSBs, most of them also known to play the role as transcriptional factors) and single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs)

Zhang, G, Ostergaard, J, Klejsa, J & Kleijn, WB 2011, 'High-Rate Analysis of Symmetric L-Channel Multiple Description Coding', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 1846-1856.
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Zhang, G, Zhang, G, Gao, Y & Lu, J 2011, 'Competitive Strategic Bidding Optimization in Electricity Markets Using Bilevel Programming and Swarm Technique', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 2138-2146.
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AbstractCompetitive strategic bidding optimization is now a key issue in electricity generator markets. Digital ecosystems provide a powerful technological foundation and support for the implementation of the optimization. This paper presents a new strategic bidding optimization technique which applies bilevel programming and swarm intelligence. In this paper, we first propose a general multileader-one-follower nonlinear bilevel (MLNB) optimization concept and related definitions based on the generalized Nash equilibrium. By analyzing the strategic bidding behavior of generating companies, we create a specific MLNB decision model for day-ahead electricity markets.

Zhang, G-Q, Zheng, Z, Lu, J & He, Q 2011, 'AN ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING RULE SETS-BASED BILEVEL DECISION PROBLEMS', COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 235-259.
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Bilevel decision addresses the problem in which two levels of decision makers each tries to optimize their individual objectives under certain constraints, and to act and react in an uncooperative and sequential manner. Given the difficulty of formulatin

Zhang, J & Xia, X 2011, 'A model predictive control approach to the periodic implementation of the solutions of the optimal dynamic resource allocation problem', Automatica, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 358-362.
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Zhang, J, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2011, 'A Hybrid Knowledge-based Risk Prediction Method Using Fuzzy Logic and CBR for Avian Influenza Early Warning', JOURNAL OF MULTIPLE-VALUED LOGIC AND SOFT COMPUTING, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 363-386.
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The threat of highly pathogenic avian influenza persists, with the size of the epidemic growing worldwide. Various methods have been applied to measure and predict the threat. This paper outlines our research which develops a knowledge-based method that makes full use of previous knowledge to perform a comprehensive forecast of the risk of avian influenza and generate reliable warning signals for a specific region at a specific time. The method contains a risk estimation model and a knowledge-based prediction method using fuzzy logic and case-based reasoning (CBR) to generate timely early warnings to support decision makers to identify underlying vulnerabilities and implement relevant strategies. An example is presented that illustrates the capabilities and procedures of the proposed method in avian influenza early warning systems.

ZHANG, JIE, LU, JIE & ZHANG, G 2011, 'A SEASONAL AUTO-REGRESSIVE MODEL BASED SUPPORT VECTOR REGRESSION PREDICTION METHOD FOR H5N1 AVIAN INFLUENZA ANIMAL EVENTS', International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, vol. 10, no. 02, pp. 199-230.
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The time series prediction of avian influenza epidemics is a complex issue, because avian influenza has latent seasonality which is difficult to identify. Although researchers have applied a neural network (NN) model and the Box-Jenkins model for the seasonal epidemic series research area, the results are limited. In this study, we develop a new prediction seasonal auto-regressive-based support vector regression (SAR-SVR) model which combines the seasonal auto-regressive (SAR) model with a support vector regression (SVR) model to address this prediction problem to overcome existing limitations. Fast Fourier transformation is also merged into this method to identify the latent seasonality inside the time series. The experiments demonstrate that the developed SAR-SVR method out-performs SVR, Box-Jenkins models and two layer feed forward NN model-both in accuracy and stability in the avian influenza epidemic disease time series prediction.

ZHANG, JIE, LU, JIE & ZHANG, G 2011, 'JOINT SUB-CLASSIFIERS ONE CLASS CLASSIFICATION MODEL FOR AVIAN INFLUENZA OUTBREAK DETECTION', International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, vol. 10, no. 04, pp. 425-443.
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H5N1 avian influenza outbreak detection is a significant issue for early warning of epidemics. This paper proposes domain knowledge-based joint one class classification model for avian influenza outbreak. Instead of focusing on manipulations of the one class classification model, we delve into the one class avian influenza dataset, divide it into sub-classes by domain knowledge, train the sub-class classifiers and unify the result of each classifier. The proposed joint method solves the one class classification and features selection problems together. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed joint model definitely outperforms the normal one class classification model on the animal avian influenza dataset.

Zhang, R, Castel, A & François, R 2011, 'Influence of steel–concrete interface defects owing to the top-bar effect on the chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcement', Magazine of Concrete Research, vol. 63, no. 10, pp. 773-781.
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This paper deals with the influence of the steel–concrete interface condition on the reinforcement corrosion in a chloride environment. Two large-sized concrete members were cast including horizontal reinforcements at different levels in order to create voids under the upper horizontal bars caused by the well-known ‘top-bar effect'. The walls were then sawn into small-sized specimens including one rebar. These small specimens were submitted to wetting–drying cycles in salt water (natural corrosion process). The polarisation resistance technique was performed to monitor the steel corrosion during the ageing up to 55 weeks. Chloride profiles were regularly measured and specimens were broken to observe the corrosion pattern. Results show that, first, a good-quality steel–concrete interface significantly reduces the corrosion rate in comparison with the specimen with interfacial defects. Second, before concrete cracking, the corrosion pattern observed is completely different between the specimens with or without defect. Perfect interface specimens show a typical local pitting corrosion pattern owing to chloride attack. However, specimens affected by the ‘top-bar effect' show a generalised corrosion along the steel surface affected by the void (surface under the horizontal steel bars in regard to concrete casting direction). Macrocell corrosion seems to develop between the lower surface affected by the void acting as an anode and the upper surface where the bond is perfect as the cathode. The concrete cracking is delayed for specimens affected by the ‘top-bar effect' in spite of a higher corrosion rate. This delay can be attributed to the time necessary for the rust to fill the voids.

Zhang, R, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2011, 'A knowledge-based multi-role decision support system for ore blending cost optimization of blast furnaces', EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH, vol. 215, no. 1, pp. 194-203.
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Literature illustrates the difficulties in obtaining the lowest-cost optimal solution to an ore blending problem for blast furnaces by using the traditional trial-and-error method in iron and steel enterprises. To solve this problem, we developed a cost optimization model which we have implemented in a multi-role-based decision support system (DSS). On the basis of analyzing the business flow and working process of ore blending, we propose an architecture of DSS which is built based on multi-roles. This DSS construction pre-processes the data for materials and elements, builds a general database, abstracts the related optimal operations research models and introduces the reasoning mechanism of an expert system. A non-linear model of ore blending for blast furnaces and its solutions are provided. A database, a model base and a knowledge base are integrated into the expert system-based multi-role DSS to meet the different demands of data, information and decision-making knowledge for the various roles of users. A comparison of the results for the DSS and the trial-and-error method is provided. The system has produced excellent economic benefits since it was implemented at the Xiangtan Iron & Steel Group Co. Ltd., China.

Zhang, R, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2011, 'An information presentation method based on tree-like super entity component', JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE, vol. 84, no. 8, pp. 1306-1318.
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Information systems are increasingly oriented in the direction of large-scale integration due to the explosion of multi-source information. It is therefore important to discuss how to reasonably organize and present information from multiple structures and sources on the same information system platform. In this study, we propose a 3C (Components, Connections, Container) component model by combining white-box and black-box methods, design a tree-like super entity based on the model, present its construction and related algorithm, and take a tree-like super entity as the information organization method for multi-level entities. In order to represent structural, semi-structural and non-structural data on the same information system platform, an information presentation method based on an editable e-book component has been developed by combining the tree-like super entity component, QQ-style menu and 1/K switch connection component, which has been successfully applied in the Flood Protection Project Information System of the Yangtze River in China.

Zhang, Y, He, J, Zhu, Y, Chen, H & Ma, H 2011, 'Directly observed Au–S bond breakage due to swelling of the anchored polyelectrolyte', Chem. Commun., vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 1190-1192.
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Zhang, Y, Zhang, W, Lin, X, Jiang, B & Pei, J 2011, 'Ranking uncertain sky: The probabilistic top-k skyline operator', Information Systems, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 898-915.
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Many recent applications involve processing and analyzing uncertain data. In this paper, we combine the feature of top-k objects with that of skyline to model the problem of top-k skyline objects against uncertain data. The problem of efficiently computing top-k skyline objects on large uncertain datasets is challenging in both discrete and continuous cases. In this paper, firstly an efficient exact algorithm for computing the top-k skyline objects is developed for discrete cases. To address applications where each object may have a massive set of instances or a continuous probability density function, we also develop an efficient randomized algorithm with an @e@?approximation guarantee. Moreover, our algorithms can be immediately extended to efficiently compute p-skyline; that is, retrieving the uncertain objects with skyline probabilities above a given threshold. Our extensive experiments on synthetic and real data demonstrate the efficiency of both algorithms and the randomized algorithm is highly accurate. They also show that our techniques significantly outperform the existing techniques for computing p-skyline.

Zhang, Y, Zhao, Z & Zhu, J 2011, 'A Hybrid PWM Applied to High-Power Three-Level Inverter-Fed Induction-Motor Drives', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 3409-3420.
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A hybrid pulsewidth modulation (PWM), combining the merits of both space-vector PWM (SVPWM) and selective harmonic elimination (SHE) PWM (SHEPWM), is proposed for three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter-fed high-power adjustable-speed drives, wh

Zhang, Y, Zhu, J, Xu, W & Guo, Y 2011, 'A Simple Method to Reduce Torque Ripple in Direct Torque-Controlled Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor by Using Vectors With Variable Amplitude and Angle', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 2848-2859.
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In this paper, a modified direct torque control (DTC) for permanent-magnet synchronous machines, which enables important torque- and flux-ripple reduction by using voltage vectors with variable amplitude and angle, is proposed. In the proposed DTC, the amplitudes of torque and flux errors are differentiated and employed to regulate the amplitude and angle of the output voltage vectors online, which are finally synthesized by space-vector modulation (SVM). Two simple formulas are developed to derive the amplitude and angle of the commanding voltage vectors from the errors of torque and flux only. The conventional switching table and hysteresis controllers are eliminated, and a fixed switching frequency is obtained with the help of SVM. Stator flux is estimated from an improved voltage model, which is based on a low-pass filter with compensations of the amplitude and phase. The proposed DTC is comparatively investigated with the existing SVM-DTC from the aspects of theory analysis, computer simulation, and experimental validation. The simulation and experimental results prove that the proposed DTC is very simple and provides excellent steady-state response, quick dynamic performance, and strong robustness against external disturbance and control-parameter variations.

Zhao, L, Wong, L & Li, J 2011, 'Antibody-Specified B-Cell Epitope Prediction in Line with the Principle of Context-Awareness', IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 1483-1494.
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Context-awareness is a characteristic in the recognition between antigens and antibodies, highlighting the reconfiguration of epitope residues when an antigen interacts with a different antibody. A coarse binary classification of antigen regions into epi

Zhao, W, Lu, DD-C & Agelidis, VG 2011, 'Current Control of Grid-Connected Boost Inverter With Zero Steady-State Error', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 2825-2834.
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ZHAO, X, YU, X, SUN, L, HU, K, WANG, G & ZHANG, L 2011, 'Non-rigid Object Tracking as Salient Region Segmentation and Association', IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, vol. E94-D, no. 4, pp. 934-937.
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Zhao, Y, Niu, Z, Peng, X & Dai, L 2011, 'A Discretization Algorithm of Numerical Attributes for Digital Library Evaluation Based on Data Mining Technology', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7008, pp. 70-76.
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We present here a discretization algorithm for numerical attributes of digital collections. In our research data mining technology is imported into digital library evaluation to provide a better decision-making support. But data prediction algorithms work not well based on the traditional discretization method during the data mining process. The reason is that numerical attributes of digital collections are complicated and not in the same scale of distribution distance. We study the characteristic of numerical attributes and put forward a discretization method based on the Z-score idea of mathematical statistics. This algorithm can reflect the dynamic semantic distance for different numerical attributes and significantly enhance the precision rate and recall rate of data prediction algorithms. Furthermore a ‘nonlinear conditional relationship’ among attributes of digital collections is discovered during the study of discretization algorithm and impacts the actual application result of traditional data mining algorithms.

Zhao, YX, Gao, BY, Cao, BC, Yang, ZL, Yue, QV, Shon, HK & Kim, J-H 2011, 'Comparison of coagulation behavior and floc characteristics of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) with surface water treatment', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, vol. 166, no. 2, pp. 544-550.
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Coagulation behavior of Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) was comparatively investigated in terms of the removal of turbidity and natural organic matter (NOM) with surface water. The growth, breakage and re-growth nature of flocs were also compared. The results show that the removals of chemical oxidation demand (CODMn) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were 51.5% and 78.4% at optimal dosage for TiCl4 and 29.8% and 41.0% for PACl, respectively. The floc breakage and re-growth indicated that TiCl4 and PACl coagulation occurred not only by charge neutralization but also by a form of sweep flocculation. Besides, flocs formed by PACl had better recoverability than the flocs formed by TiCl4. Sludge produced from TiCl4 flocculation was calcined at 600 â¦C to produce TiO2, and the photocatalytic activity in removing reactive brilliant red (K-2BP) was evaluated in comparison with commercially available TiO2 (P-25). The photocatalytic oxidation rates of K-2BP after 2 h photocatalytic reaction were 91.4% and 92.9% for as-prepared TiO2 and P-25, respectively.

Zhao, YX, Gao, BY, Rong, HY, Shon, HK, Kim, J-H, Yue, QY & Wang, Y 2011, 'The impacts of coagulant aid-polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride on coagulation performances and floc characteristics in humic acid-kaolin synthetic water treatment with titanium tetrachloride', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, vol. 173, no. 2, pp. 376-384.
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Coagulation of humic acidâkaolin synthetic water was conducted with Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and/or polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PD) to assess the effect of coagulant aid PD on coagulation behavior and floc characteristics. Coagulation behavior was investigated in terms of the reduction of turbidity and the removal of natural organic matter (NOM). The results show that the humic acid (HA) removal increased with the addition of PD depending on the doses of it and TiCl4, and the HA removal was more enhanced by PD at low TiCl4 doses than at higher ones. In addition, PD-TiCl4 (PD dosed firstly, followed by TiCl4 addition) gave better turbidity and HA removal than TiCl4-PD (TiCl4 dosed firstly, followed by PD addition) in this investigation. The growth, breakage, regrowth and fractal nature of flocs was investigated by use of Mastersizer 2000. TiCl4 plus cationic polymer PD exhibited an apparent improvement on floc size and floc grow rate, and they were both in the following order: PD-TiCl4 > TiCl4-PD > TiCl4. Compared with TiCl4, the dual-coagulants significantly improved the floc recoverability. Besides, the dual-coagulants gave more compact floc structure than TiCl4 coagulant at each coagulant dose under investigation and the values of fractal dimension (Df) were in the order of TiCl4-PD > PD-TiCl4 > TiCl4.

Zhao, YX, Gao, BY, Shon, HK, Cao, BC & Kim, J-H 2011, 'Coagulation characteristics of titanium (Ti) salt coagulant compared with aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) salts', JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, vol. 185, no. 2-3, pp. 1536-1542.
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In this study, the performance of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) coagulation and flocculation is compared with commonly used coagulants such as aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), polyaluminum chloride (PACl), iron chloride (FeCl3), and polyferric sulfate (PFS) in terms of water quality parameters and floc properties. TiCl4 flocculation achieved higher removal of UV254 (98%), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (84%) and turbidity (93%) than other conventional coagulants. Charge neutralization and physical entrapment of colloids within coagulant precipitates and adsorption, seemed to play a significant role during TiCl4 flocculation, while the main mechanism for conventional coagulants was bridge-aggregation and adsorption. The aggregated flocs after TiCl4 flocculation showed the fastest growth rate compared to the other coagulants, with the largest floc size (801m) occurring within 8 min. The floc strength factor of PACl, Al2(SO4)3, PFS, FeCl3 and TiCl4 was 34, 30, 29, 26 and 29, respectively, while the floc recovery factor of the TiCl4 coagulant was the lowest. Based on the results of the above study, it is concluded that the TiCl4 flocculation can reduce the hydraulic retention time of slow and rapid mixing, however, careful handling of sludge is required due to the low recoverability of the aggregated floc.

Zhao, YX, Gao, BY, Shon, HK, Kim, J-H & Yue, QY 2011, 'Effect of shear force, solution pH and breakage period on characteristics of flocs formed by Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and Polyaluminum chloride (PACl) with surface water treatment', JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, vol. 187, no. 1-3, pp. 495-501.
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The growth, breakage and regrowth nature of flocs formed by Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) was comparatively evaluated with surface water treatment. A series of jar experiments were conducted to investigate the impacts of different operating parameters such as shear force, solution pH and a breakage period on floc strength and re-aggregation potential. Results indicated that the responses of flocs to different operating parameters depend on the coagulant used. The ability of floc to resist breakage decreased with the increase of shear force and breakage period. Floc strength properties were also measured in response to increasing shear force, with the results suggesting that the order of floc strength was TiCl4 > PACl. Floc regrowth of the two coagulants after exposure to high shear was limited, and flocs formed by TiCl4 displayed weaker recoverability. The flocs generated in acid conditions were more recoverable than those generated in alkaline conditions no matter which coagulant was used.

Zhao, YX, Gao, BY, Shon, HK, Kim, J-H, Yue, QY & Wang, Y 2011, 'Floc characteristics of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) compared with aluminum and iron salts in humic acid-kaolin synthetic water treatment', SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 332-338.
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The floc strength and regrowth properties of TiCl4, FeCl3, and Al2 SO4)3 were comparatively evaluated using humic acidâkaolin synthetic water sample. At the given optimum dosage (20 mg/L as Ti, 8 mg/L as Fe, and 2 mg/L as Al, respectively), the floc growth, breakage and regrowth of TiCl4, FeCl3, and Al2(SO4)3 were investigated by use of a laser diffraction particle sizing device. Jar tests were conducted to investigate the impact of shear force and breakage period on floc breakage and re-aggregation potential. Results indicated that the responses of flocs to increasing shear force and breakage period depend on the coagulant used. The ability of floc to resist breakage decreased with the increase of shear force. Floc strength properties were also measured in response to increasing shear force, with the results suggesting that the order of floc strength was TiCl4 > FeCl3 > Al2(SO4)3. Floc regrowth of these three coagulants after exposure to high shear was limited, and flocs formed by TiCl4 displayed the weakest recoverability. Similar results were obtained when breakage period was different.

Zhao, YX, Gao, BY, Shon, HK, Wang, Y, Kim, J-H & Yue, QY 2011, 'The effect of second coagulant dose on the regrowth of flocs formed by charge neutralization and sweep coagulation using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4)', JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, vol. 198, pp. 70-77.
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Characteristics of flocs formed by charge neutralization and sweep coagulation using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) were investigated with humic acidâkaolin suspension by continuous optical monitoring. This paper focused on the regrowth ability of broken flocs after addition of second TiCl4 dose. Variation of floc size and the fractal dimension of flocs versus second TiCl4 dose after regrowth were investigated. Second TiCl4 dose was added during the floc breakage period, and addition time of second TiCl4 dose was also investigated. The results showed that, when coagulated by charge neutralization at pH 6, an appropriate second TiCl4 dose improved regrowth ability of broken flocs at low initial TiCl4 doses. While for high initial TiCl4 doses, second TiCl4 dose lowered floc re-growth ability. When coagulated by sweep coagulation at pH 10, second TiCl4 dose made regrown flocs larger than those without second TiCl4 dose. Floc structure analysis showed that it was determined by not only the fractal dimension of flocs, but also the chemical characteristics of floc surface. Addition time of second TiCl4 dose had a great effect on floc regrowth ability, suggesting that the broken flocs had better regrowth when second TiCl4 dose was added at the end of the breakage period.

Zheng, L, He, X, Wu, Q & Samali, B 2011, 'A system for licence plate recognition using a hierarchically combined classifier', International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 189-189.
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In a real time, automatic licence plate recognition system, licence detection, character segmentation and character recognition are three important components. All these three components generally require high accuracy and fast recognition speed to process. In this paper, general processing steps for license plate recognition (LPR) are addressed. After three types of combined classifiers are introduced and compared, a hierarchically combined classifier is designed based on an inductive learning-based method and an support vector machine (SVM)-based classification. This approach employs the inductive learning-based method to roughly divide all classes into smaller groups. Then, the SVM approach is used for character classification in individual groups. Having obtained a collection of samples of characters in advance from licence plates after licence detection and character segmentation steps, some known samples are available for training. After the training process, the inductive learning rules are extracted for rough classification and the parameters used for SVM-based classification are obtained. Then, a classification tree is constructed for next fast training and testing processes based on SVMs. The experimental results show that the hierarchically combined classifier is better than either the inductive learning-based classification or the SVM-based classification with a lower error rate and a faster processing speed.

Zheng, L, Jin, J, Guo, Y, Xu, W & Zhu, J 2011, 'Design of a Double-Sided HTSLSM for HTS Maglev', Journal of Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetics, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 12-16.
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A novel hybrid high temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous propulsion system composed of a double-sided HTS linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) in the middle and HTS magnetic suspension sub-systems on both sides has been proposed for a Maglev. There are three carriages make up for the Maglev, and each carriage consists of four HTSLSM modules. Under rated conditions, the HTSLSM can reach a speed of 69 km/h and a maximum thrust of 48.9 kN for each motor module. In order to verify the performance and running characteristics of the propulsion system, the 2D finite element analysis (FEA) model of the HTSLSM has been built up, and the time-stepping transient analysis method was used for the theoretical verification, and the results show that the designed hybrid HTS linear propulsion system driven by the double-sided HTSLSM can satisfy the practical requirements for a Maglev.

Zheng, L, Jin, J, Guo, Y, Xu, W, Lu, H & Zhu, J 2011, 'Characteristics and Optimization of a PMLSM for HTS Magnetic Suspension Propulsion System', Journal of Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 66-74.
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¾Permanent magnet (PM) linear synchronous motors (PMLSMs) can be integrated with a high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnetic suspension system to be used in such as electromagnetic aircraft launcher and maglev transportation which have a levitated object moving on a long linear track. This paper presents the design and electromagnetic characteristic analysis of a long-primary single-sided PMLSM for a HTS bulk-PM guideway repulsion magnetic suspension propulsion system. Based on the characteristics and performance analysis of the PMLSM, a new type of HTS suspension propulsion system driven by a double-sided PMLSM with an optimal PM structure is then proposed. The running characteristics of the linear propulsion systems are studied through finite element analysis (FEA) with comprehensive performance results obtained for practical development.

Zhou, J, Lee, I, Thomas, BH, Sansome, A & Menassa, R 2011, 'Facilitating Collaboration with Laser Projector-Based Spatial Augmented Reality in Industrial Applications', Recent Trends of Mobile Collaborative Augmented Reality Systems, pp. 161-173.
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Zhu, JG, Guo, YG, Lin, ZW, Li, YJ & Huang, YK 2011, 'Development of PM Transverse Flux Motors With Soft Magnetic Composite Cores', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 4376-4383.
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Compared with the conventional fixed speed drive, a major factor that handicaps the wide acceptance of variable speed drive with high ef?ciency permanent magnet (PM) motors is its high cost. This paper presents an effort to reduce the material and manufacturing costs of PM motors by using the soft magnetic composite (SMC), and the highly matured powder metallurgic technology. Because the SMCs magnetic properties are quite different from that of the traditional silicon steel sheets, special efforts have been made on measurement and modelling of vectorial magnetic properties, electrical machine topologies, and drive schemes in order to make the best use of the material. Various PM SMC motors of transverse ?ux topologies have been designed, fabricated, and tested. The detailed results are presented and discussed

Zhu, XQ, Law, SS & Jayawardhan, M 2011, 'Experimental study on Statistical Damage Detection of RC Structures based on Wavelet Packet Analysis', Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 305, pp. 012107-012107.
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Zhu, Y, Lv, B, Zhang, P & Ma, H 2011, 'Swelling induced Au–S bond breakage is determined by the molecular composition of surface tethered copolymers—carboxylated poly(OEGMA-r-HEMA)', Chemical Communications, vol. 47, no. 35, pp. 9855-9855.
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Zhuang, J, Tsang, IW & Hoi, SCH 2011, 'A family of simple non-parametric Kernel learning algorithms', Journal of Machine Learning Research, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1313-1347.
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Previous studies of Non-Parametric Kernel Learning (NPKL) usually formulate the learning task as a Semi-Definite Programming (SDP) problem that is often solved by some general purpose SDP solvers. However, for TV data examples, the time complexity of NPKL using a standard interior-point SDP solver could be as high as 0(N6.5), which prohibits NPKL methods applicable to real applications, even for data sets of moderate size. In this paper, we present a family of efficient NPKL algorithms, termed 'SimpleNPKL', which can learn non-parametric kernels from a large set of pairwise constraints efficiently. In particular, we propose two efficient SimpleNPKL algorithms. One is SimpleNPKL algorithm with linear loss, which enjoys a closed-form solution that can be efficiently computed by the Lanczos sparse eigen decomposition technique. Another one is SimpleNPKL algorithm with other loss functions (including square hinge loss, hinge loss, square loss) that can be re-formulated as a saddle-point optimization problem, which can be further resolved by a fast iterative algorithm. In contrast to the previous NPKL approaches, our empirical results show that the proposed new technique, maintaining the same accuracy, is significantly more efficient and scalable. Finally, we also demonstrate that the proposed new technique is also applicable to speed up many kernel learning tasks, including colored maximum variance unfolding, minimum volume embedding, and structure preserving embedding. © 2011 Jinfeng Zhuang, Ivor W. Tsang and Steven C.H. Hoi.

Zong, Y, Xu, G, Jin, P, Zhang, Y & Chen, E 2011, 'HC_AB: A new heuristic clustering algorithm based on Approximate Backbone', Information Processing Letters, vol. 111, no. 17, pp. 857-863.
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Clustering is an important research area with numerous applications in pattern recognition, machine learning, and data mining. Since the clustering problem on numeric data sets can be formulated as a typical combinatorial optimization problem, many researches have addressed the design of heuristic algorithms for finding sub-optimal solutions in a reasonable period of time. However, most of the heuristic clustering algorithms suffer from the problem of being sensitive to the initialization and do not guarantee the high quality results. Recently, Approximate Backbone (AB), i.e., the commonly shared intersection of several sub-optimal solutions, has been proposed to address the sensitivity problem of initialization. In this paper, we aim to introduce the AB into heuristic clustering to overcome the initialization sensitivity of conventional heuristic clustering algorithms. The main advantage of the proposed method is the capability of restricting the initial search space around the optimal result by defining the AB, and in turn, reducing the impact of initialization on clustering, eventually improving the performance of heuristic clustering. Experiments on synthetic and real world data sets are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comparison to three conventional heuristic clustering algorithms and three other algorithms with improvement on initialization

Abedin, B 1970, 'Investigating the Trend of Non-Task Social Interactions in Online Collaborative Learning Environments', 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2011), IEEE, Kauai, HI, USA, pp. 1-8.
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Abeywardena, D, Kodagoda, S, Munasinghe, R & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'A virtual odometer for a Quadrotor Micro Aerial Vehicle', Proceedings of the 2011 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australian Robotics and Automation Association, Monash University, Melbourne, pp. 1-8.
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This paper describes the synthesis and evaluation of a 'virtual odometer' for a Quadrotor Micro Aerial Vehicle. Availability of a velocity estimate has the potential to enhance the accuracy of mapping, estimation and control algorithms used with quadrotors, increasing the effectiveness of their applications. As a result of the unique dynamic characteristics of the quadrotor, a dual axis accelerometer mounted parallel to the propeller plane provides measurements that are directly proportional to vehicle velocities in that plane. Exploiting this insight, we encapsulate quadrotor dynamic equations which relate acceleration, attitude and the aerodynamic propeller drag in an extended Kalman filter framework for the purpose of state estimation. The result is a drift free estimation of lateral and longitudinal components of translational velocity and roll and pitch components of attitude of the quadrotor. Real world data sets gathered from two different quadrotor platforms, together with ground truth data from a Vicon system, are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and demonstrate that drift free estimates for the velocity and attitude can be obtained.

Afzal, MU, Qureshi, AA, Tarar, MA & Tauqeer, T 1970, 'Analysis, design, and simulation of phased array radar front-end', 2011 7th International Conference on Emerging Technologies, 2011 7th International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET 2011), IEEE.
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Phased array technology has brought revolution not only in the defense but also in the commercial industry. Considering the development taking place in this area, it can be safely said that the future belongs to the phased array technology. This paper presents system level modeling and integration of the front end of phased array radar. This includes the modeling and simulation of an antenna array, transceiver (TR) module and the target detection. Concept of beam formation and steering is also explained with the help of simulation. The system level modeling is carried out in Advance Design System (ADS) and Momentum - an Electromagnetic (EM) tool of ADS. An effort in the simulations is made towards the realization, understanding and highlighting the challenges involved in the practical implementation of the system. © 2011 IEEE.

Agbinya, JI & Lal, S 1970, 'A high capacity near-field inductive coupled MISO communication system for Internet of Things', 7th International Conference on Broadband Communications and Biomedical Applications, 2011 6th International Conference on Broadband and Biomedical Communications (IB2Com), IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 112-117.
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Communication between things (objects) could involve the use of near-field energy coupling between objects close to each other and radiating-near-field transmission for objects further afield. This paper therefore investigates the capacity of near field magnetically coupled communication systems in free space based on their equivalent circuit models. Only the capacity of near field magnetically coupled single-input-single-output (SISO) and multiple-input-single-output (MISO) inductive systems in free space are analyzed based on their equivalent circuit models. The analysis provides a basis for assessing the general inductively coupled MIMO communication system. We show that preferred architectures for placing the several MISO transmitter nodes are required to maximize the received power. The case for circular orbits around the receiver node which maximizes the received power several times compared to when only one transmitter is used (provided the crosstalk between the transmitters is insignificant) is demonstrated. The binary case on a circular orbit achieves eight times the capacity of a single-input-single-output system using identical system components and devices. We also demonstrate how to limit crosstalk through geometric architectures.

Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Uthman, M, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Ultra Low Bending Loss Spiral Photonic Crystal Fibers in Terahertz Regime', CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications, CLEO: Science and Innovations, OSA.
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Aguilera, RP & Quevedo, DE 1970, 'On stability and performance of finite control set MPC for power converters', 2011 Workshop on Predictive Control of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics, 2011 IEEE Workshop on Predictive Control of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics (PRECEDE), IEEE, Munich, Germany, pp. 55-62.
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In the present work, we provide sufficient conditions for local practical stability for a specific class of power converters controlled via Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control which can be modeled as linear time-invariant systems with quantized input. In addition, we also establish bounds on the steady state behaviour of such systems. As illustrative examples, we apply our results to two converters, namely, a buck DC-DC converter, and a 2-level DC-AC inverter in a dq-coordinate frame. © 2011 IEEE.

Aguilera, RP & Quevedo, DE 1970, 'On the stability of MPC with a Finite Input Alphabet', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, IFAC World Congress, Elsevier BV, Milano, Italy, pp. 7975-7980.
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This paper studies stability of Model Predictive Control for systems with a finite input alphabet. Since this kind of systems may present a steady-state error under closedloop control, the forms is on stability in the sense of ultimate boundedness of solutions. To derive suffcient conditions for stability, two different approaches are presented. The first one approximates the finite input alphabet via saturation-control allowing us to analyze the problem from a robust control perspective. In the second approach, a direct analysis of the problem is carried out. The results thus obtained are shown to be less conservative regarding ultimate bounded set than those obtained via the robust control approach. © 2011 IFAC.

Ahmad, A, Huang, S, Wang, JJ & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'A new state vector for range-only SLAM', 2011 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), 2011 23rd Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), IEEE, Mianyang, Sichuan, China, pp. 3413-3418.
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This paper considers the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem where the range-only sensor is used. Landmark initialization is a critical issue in rangeonly SLAM due to the lack of bearing information from the robot to the landmarks. A new state vector is proposed to be used in solving the range-only SLAM. In the new state vector, the landmark position is represented in different ways under different situations. This new representation avoids the need of multiple hypotheses on the landmark positions implemented in most of the existing range-only SLAM algorithms. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new range-only SLAM algorithm using the new state vector within the least squares framework.

Ahmad, MR, Rashid, M, Aziz, MHA, Esa, MM, Cooray, V, Rahman, M & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Analysis of lightning-induced transient in 2.4 GHz wireless communication system', Proceeding of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace), 2011 International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace), IEEE, Penang, Malaysia, pp. 225-230.
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This paper analyzes the effects of transient from lightning channel to wireless communication system operating in microwave band at 2.4 GHz. Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) measurement method has been used to capture 3 lightning flashes (naked eyes method) with 7 spikes recorded at r distance from the lightning channel base with fixed d Transmitter-Receiver (T-R) separation at 1 meter. The transient effects have been evaluated in terms of Electric Field Strength, Signal-to-Interference-Noise Ratio (SINR), Bit Error Rate (BER) and Packet Error Rate (PER). During the first lightning flash event, more than 50% of total transmitted packets were corrupted for at least 3 seconds duration. The same happens during the second and third lightning flash events with more than 40% and 15% packets corrupted for durations of 3 and 2 seconds respectively. Interestingly the most suffered traffic types are video and speech signal transmission while data transmission is not affected at all. © 2011 IEEE.

Ahmed Talukder, S & Huynh, P 1970, 'Effects of Number of Stator Blades on the Performance of a Torque Converter', Proceedings of the 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, ASME, Denver, Colorado, USA, pp. 1-5.
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Torque converter (TC) is a totally enclosed hydrodynamic turbomachine, used most often in automobiles for the smooth transfer of power and speed change from the engine to the transmission, and torque magnification. A typical TC has 3 major components: a pump that is attached directly to the TC cover and connected to the engine shaft, a turbine connected to the transmission shaft, and a stator connected to the transmission housing via a one-way clutch and providing guidance for the fluid flow. In this work, effects of the number of stator blades on the performance of a TC are investigated numerically, using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package. The standard k-epsilon turbulence model was used. A Newtonian fluid whose properties correspond to industrial oil was used for the working fluid. The range of speed ratio (between turbine's speed and pump's) of 0.2-0.8 was considered. It was found that as the stator blades' number increases (here from 13 to 19), the TC's efficiency and torque ratio vary significantly, passing through minimum and generally also reaching a maximum.

Ahuja, SS, Ramasubramanian, S & Krunz, M 1970, 'SRLG Failure Localization in Optical Networks', IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), pp. 989-999.
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Al Sabbagh, A & Braun, RM 1970, 'A Markovian Model for Load-Balancing Based and Service Based Algorithms in B3G Networks', International Conference on Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (ICCNMC 2011), International Conference on Networking and Mobile Computing, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology (WASET), Dubai, UAE, pp. 827-833.
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Next Generation Wireless Network (NGWN) is expected to be a heterogeneous network which integrates all different Radio Access Technologies (RATs) through a common platform. A major challenge is how to allocate users to the most suitable RAT for them. An optimized solution can lead to maximize the efficient use of radio resources, achieve better performance for service providers and provide Quality of Service (QoS) with low costs to users. Currently, Radio Resource Management (RRM) is implemented efficiently for the RAT that it was developed. However, it is not suitable for a heterogeneous network. Common RRM (CRRM) was proposed to manage radio resource utilization in the heterogeneous network. This paper presents a user level Markov model for a three co-located RAT networks. The load-balancing based and service based CRRM algorithms have been studied using the presented Markov model. A comparison for the performance of load-balancing based and service based CRRM algorithms is studied in terms of traffic distribution, new call blocking probability, vertical handover (VHO) call dropping probability and throughput.

Al Sabbagh, A, Braun, RM & Abolhasan, M 1970, 'A Comprehensive Survey on RAT Selection Algorithms for Beyond 3G Networks', International Conference on Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (ICCNMC 2011), International Conference on Computer Networks and Mobile Computing, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology - WASET, Dubai, pp. 834-838.
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Due to the coexistence of different Radio Access Technologies (RATs), Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWN) are predicted to be heterogeneous in nature. The coexistence of different RATs requires a need for Common Radio Resource Management (CRRM) to support the provision of Quality of Service (QoS) and the efficient utilization of radio resources. RAT selection algorithms are part of the CRRM algorithms. Simply, their role is to verify if an incoming call will be suitable to fit into a heterogeneous wireless network, and to decide which of the available RATs is most suitable to fit the need of the incoming call and admit it. Guaranteeing the requirements of QoS for all accepted calls and at the same time being able to provide the most efficient utilization of the available radio resources is the goal of RAT selection algorithm. The normal call admission control algorithms are designed for homogeneous wireless networks and they do not provide a solution to fit a heterogeneous wireless network which represents the NGWN. Therefore, there is a need to develop RAT selection algorithm for heterogeneous wireless network. In this paper, we propose an approach for RAT selection which includes receiving different criteria, assessing and making decisions, then selecting the most suitable RAT for incoming calls. A comprehensive survey of different RAT selection algorithms for a heterogeneous wireless network is studied.

Alem, L & Huang, W 1970, 'Developing Mobile Remote Collaboration Systems for Industrial Use: Some Design Challenges', HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION - INTERACT 2011, PT IV, 13th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Lisbon, PORTUGAL, pp. 442-445.
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Alem, L, Tecchia, F & Huang, W 1970, 'Remote tele-assistance system for maintenance operators in mines', 11th Underground Coal Operators' Conference, University of Wollongong & the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Wollongong, pp. 171-177.

Al-hassan, M, Lu, H & Lu, J 1970, 'Personalized e-Government Services: Tourism Recommender System Framework', WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES, International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies, Springer, Valencia, Spain, pp. 173-187.
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Most governments around the globe use the internet and information technologies to deliver information and services for citizens and businesses. One of the main directions in the current e-government (e-Gov) development strategy is to provide better online services to citizens such that the required information can be located by citizens with less time and effort. Tourism is one of the main focused areas of e-Gov development strategy because it is one of the major profitable industries. Significant efforts have been devoted by governments to improve tourism services. However, the current e-Gov tourism services are limited to simple online presentation; intelligent e-Gov tourism services are highly desirable. Personalization techniques, particularly recommendation systems, are the most promising techniques to deliver personalized e-Gov (Pe-Gov) tourism services. This study proposes ontology-based personalized e-Gov tourism recommender system framework, which would enable tourism information seekers to locate the most interesting destinations and find the most preferable attractions and activities with less time and effort. The main components of the proposed framework and some outstanding features are presented along with a detailed description of a scenario.

Ali, MS, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Identification of critical parameters for distribution networks with DFIG and dynamic loads', 2011 21st Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2011, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.
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In this paper, the modelling of distribution network with Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is presented in a different way where the resistances of the lines are considered. Induction motor is considered as dynamic load which causes the voltage stability problems in power distribution system. Based on this modelling, this paper presents an analysis to investigate the critical parameters for distribution systems with dynamic loads where DFIGs are used as distributed generation that affect the stability. In order to analyze the critical parameters, the system is linearized about an operating point by using Taylor series expansion method. The critical parameters are investigated through the concept of eigenvalues and participation factors. Finally this paper shows that varying the line resistor, the marginally stable system goes to the unstable mode. © 2011 Queensland Univ of Tech.

Al-Kilidar, H, Davis, S, Kutay, C & Killen, CP 1970, 'Towards Project Portfolio Management for Sustainable Outcomes in the Construction Industry', Proceedings of the Annual Project Management Australia Conference (PMOz): Project Management at the Speed of Light, Project Management conference, Project Management Australia, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-7.

Altaee 1970, 'Forward Osmosis: Potential use in Desalination and Water Reuse', Journal of Membrane and Separation Technology, AIChE Annual Meeting, Lifescience Global.
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There has been a recurring interest in using Forward Osmosis (FO) process in water treatment and desalination. The recent advance in membrane technology has encouraged further investment in the process technology. Despite the promising results from pilot and bench scale experiments the technology is still not commercialized yet. Obviously, this is due to the complicated nature of the process which usually involves multiple stages of treatment in addition to the FO membrane process. Unfortunately, most of the recent studies were focused on studying the FO process alone and didn't provide enough data about the actual cost of the process as whole which includes the osmotic agent regeneration stage/s. This issue resulted in some uncertainties about the total cost of the water treatment by the process. Furthermore, more data are required to evaluate the impact of the osmotic agent losses on the overall cost and efficiency. More data are required to evaluate the effect of salt diffusion from seawater to the draw solution on the product water quality. This is particularly important due to the salt accumulation in the system when the draw solution is recycled and reused. In case if the draw solution is regenerated by membrane treatment, a suitable membrane should be selected to ensure an optimal salt rejection. For power generation by Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) process, there was an evident progress. However, the process is site specific; i.e. it is dependent of the availability of the draw and donor solution. This suggested that the process is applicable to certain areas but can't be generalized. A quick review on the FO processes applications in water treatment and power generation is covered here to assess its potential use based on the recent development that have been made so far.

Altaee, A 1970, 'Alternative design to dual stage NF seawater desalination using high rejection brackish water membranes', Separations Division - Core Programming Topic at the 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting, pp. 23-39.
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Dual stage NF membrane desalination process was proposed as an alternative approach to RO seawater desalination. Despite of being cheaper than RO desalination, dual stage NF process is not commercially applied yet due to the low overall recovery rate. In an attempt to increase the process recovery rate and reducing the operation complicity, Brackish Water RO membrane was used instead of NF in the second stage. ROSA software was used in this study to verify the applicability and cost-effectiveness of the NF-BW dual stage desalination process. Similarly to dual stage NF desalination process, an NF membrane was used in the first stage and BW membrane in the second stage. Permeate from NF membrane was used as a feed into the BW membranes. The effect of membrane type and seawater salinity on the process performance was investigated. For any given recovery rate and seawater salinity, the simulation results showed that the overall cost of NF-NF was slightly lower than the NF-BW process but that was on the cost of higher permeate TDS. For instance, at 43000 mg/l feed salinity the difference in the specific power consumption between NF-NF and NF-BW process was 0.38 kWh/m3. The permeate TDS was 125 mg/l for NF-BW and 1030 mg/l for NF-NF process. The difference in the permeate TDS between NF-NF and NF-BW process increased with increasing the feed salinity. In dual stage NF process, a low permeate was achieved at low recovery rate. For example, at 43000 mg/l feed salinity the permeate TDS from dual stage NF process was 359 mg/l when the overall recovery rate was 22%. It was also found that the effect of BW membrane type on the process efficiency was insignificant. Finally, the energy requirements of NF-NF and NF-BW were compared to a single stage RO desalination process. The specific power consumption at 43000 mg/l feed salinity was 4.58 kWh/m3, 4.2 kWh/m3 and 3.86 kWh/m3 for RO, NF-BW and NF-NF process respectively.

Altaee, A 1970, 'Forward osmosis: Potential use in desalination and water treatment', Separations Division - Core Programming Topic at the 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting, pp. 787-807.
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There has been a recurring interest in using Forward Osmosis (FO) process in water treatment and desalination. The recent advance in membrane technology has encouraged further investment in the process technology. Despite the promising results from pilot and bench scale experiments the technology is still not commercialized yet. Obviously, this is due to the complicated nature of the process which usually involves multiple stages of treatment in addition to the FO membrane process. Unfortunately, most of the recent studies were focused on studying the FO process alone and didn't provide enough data about the actual cost of the process as whole which includes the osmotic agent regeneration stage/s. This issue resulted in some uncertainties about the total cost of the water treatment by the process. Furthermore, more data are required to evaluate the impact of the osmotic agent losses on the overall cost and efficiency. More data are required to evaluate the effect of salt diffusion from seawater to the draw solution on the product water quality. This is particularly important due to the salt accumulation in the system when the draw solution is recycled and reused. In case if the draw solution is regenerated by membrane treatment, a suitable membrane should be selected to ensure an optimal salt rejection. For power generation by Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) process, there was an evident progress. However, the process is site specific; i.e. It is dependent of the availability of the draw and donor solution. This suggested that the process is applicable to certain areas but can't be generalized. A quick review on the FO processes applications in water treatment and power generation is covered here to assess its potential use based on the recent development that have been made so far.

Altaee, A 1970, 'Forward osmosis: Potential use in desalination and water treatment', International Congress on Energy 2011 - Topical Conference at the 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting, pp. 79-99.
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There has been a recurring interest in using Forward Osmosis (FO) process in water treatment and desalination. The recent advance in membrane technology has encouraged further investment in the process technology. Despite the promising results from pilot and bench scale experiments the technology is still not commercialized yet. Obviously, this is due to the complicated nature of the process which usually involves multiple stages of treatment in addition to the FO membrane process. Unfortunately, most of the recent studies were focused on studying the FO process alone and didn't provide enough data about the actual cost of the process as whole which includes the osmotic agent regeneration stage/s. This issue resulted in some uncertainties about the total cost of the water treatment by the process. Furthermore, more data are required to evaluate the impact of the osmotic agent losses on the overall cost and efficiency. More data are required to evaluate the effect of salt diffusion from seawater to the draw solution on the product water quality. This is particularly important due to the salt accumulation in the system when the draw solution is recycled and reused. In case if the draw solution is regenerated by membrane treatment, a suitable membrane should be selected to ensure an optimal salt rejection. For power generation by Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) process, there was an evident progress. However, the process is site specific; i.e. it is dependent of the availability of the draw and donor solution. This suggested that the process is applicable to certain areas but can't be generalized. A quick review on the FO processes applications in water treatment and power generation is covered here to assess its potential use based on the recent development that have been made so far.

Altaee, A 1970, 'Forward osmosis: Potential use in desalination and water treatment', Catalysis and Reaction Engineering Division - Core Programming Topic at the 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting, pp. 100-120.
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There has been a recurring interest in using Forward Osmosis (FO) process in water treatment and desalination. The recent advance in membrane technology has encouraged further investment in the process technology. Despite the promising results from pilot and bench scale experiments the technology is still not commercialized yet. Obviously, this is due to the complicated nature of the process which usually involves multiple stages of treatment in addition to the FO membrane process. Unfortunately, most of the recent studies were focused on studying the FO process alone and didnt provide enough data about the actual cost of the process as whole which includes the osmotic agent regeneration stage/s. This issue resulted in some uncertainties about the total cost of the water treatment by the process. Furthermore, more data are required to evaluate the impact of the osmotic agent losses on the overall cost and efficiency. More data are required to evaluate the effect of salt diffusion from seawater to the draw solution on the product water quality. This is particularly important due to the salt accumulation in the system when the draw solution is recycled and reused. In case if the draw solution is regenerated by membrane treatment, a suitable membrane should be selected to ensure an optimal salt rejection. For power generation by Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) process, there was an evident progress. However, the process is site specific; i.e. it is dependent of the availability of the draw and donor solution. This suggested that the process is applicable to certain areas but cant be generalized. A quick review on the FO processes applications in water treatment and power generation is covered here to assess its potential use based on the recent development that have been made so far.

AlTaee, A & Sharif, AO 1970, 'Alternative design to dual stage NF seawater desalination using high rejection brackish water membranes', Desalination, Elsevier BV, pp. 391-397.
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Ambreen, T, Ikram, N, Usman, M & Bano, M 1970, 'Evidence in Requirements Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review Protocol', Sixth International Conference on Software Engineering Advances (ICSEA 2011) Proceedings, International Conference on Software Engineering Advances, IARIA, Barcelona, Spain.
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Requirements Engineering (RE) is recognized as one of the critical phases in software development. RE has its own journals and conferences where lots of work has been published. As the area is maturing, increasingly large numbers of empirically supported studies have been reported in RE. There is a need to synthesize evidence based RE literature. We plan to systematically investigate evidence based RE studies to see and report state of the art in evidence based RE reported research. This paper aims at providing a systematic literature review (SLR) protocol to describe a process for synthesizing the empirically supported work in the area of RE that will eventually present a state of the art of the field. This SLR intends to not only summarize the empirical data regarding RE but will also be helpful for various practitioners in this field to find out areas of RE rich in terms of tools, techniques, frameworks, models and guidelines to aid in their work. It will also facilitate RE researchers to identify knowledge gaps to recognize needs and chances for future research directions in this field.

Anaissi, A, Kennedy, PJ & Goyal, M 1970, 'Dimension reduction of microarray data based on local principal component', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, pp. 1176-1181.
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Analysis and visualization of microarraydata is veryassistantfor biologists and clinicians in the field of diagnosis and treatment of patients. It allows Clinicians to better understand the structure of microarray and facilitates understanding gene expression in cells. However, microarray dataset is a complex data set and has thousands of features and a very small number of observations. This very high dimensional data set often contains some noise, non-useful information and a small number of relevant features for disease or genotype. This paper proposes a non-linear dimensionality reduction algorithm Local Principal Component (LPC) which aims to maps high dimensional data to a lower dimensional space. The reduced data represents the most important variables underlying the original data. Experimental results and comparisons are presented to show the quality of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, experiments also show how this algorithm reduces high dimensional data whilst preserving the neighbourhoods of the points in the low dimensional space as in the high dimensional space.

Anaissi, A, Kennedy, PJ & Goyal, M 1970, 'Feature Selection of Imbalanced Gene Expression Microarray Data', 2011 12th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing, Distributed Computing, IEEE, Sydney, pp. 73-78.
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Gene expression data is a very complex data set characterised by abundant numbers of features but with a low number of observations. However, only a small number of these features are relevant to an outcome of interest. With this kind of data set, feature selection becomes a real prerequisite. This paper proposes a methodology for feature selection for an imbalanced leukaemia gene expression data based on random forest algorithm. It presents the importance of feature selection in terms of reducing the number of features, enhancing the quality of machine learning and providing better understanding for biologists in diagnosis and prediction. Algorithms are presented to show the methodology and strategy for feature selection taking care to avoid overfitting. Moreover, experiments are done using imbalanced Leukaemia gene expression data and special measurement is used to evaluate the quality of feature selection and performance of classification.

Anand, S, Nylk, J, Dodds, C, Cooper, JM, Neale, SN & McGloin, D 1970, 'Optical manipulation of aerosols using surface acoustic wave nebulisation', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, SPIE, San Diego, CA.
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Anand, S, Nylk, J, Dodds, C, Neale, SL, Cooper, JM & McGloin, D 1970, 'Loading Aerosol Optical Traps using Surface Acoustic Wave Devices', Optics in the Life Sciences, Optical Trapping Applications, OSA.
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We make use of surface acoustic wave nebulization to introduce airborne particles into optical traps in a robust and repeatable manner. We demonstrate the facile loading of aerosols such as organic liquids and solid particles. © 2011 OSA: BODA/NTM/OMP/OTA.

Anne, AG & Keith, KW 1970, 'Investigating the characteristics of successful collaborative learning activities', Research in Engineering Education Symposium 2011, REES 2011, Research in Engineering Education Symposium, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain, Madrid, Spain, pp. 332-339.
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Given that engineering is a practice-based profession, one of the benefits of collaborative learning is that it provides the opportunity to simulate this practice within classroom activities. While not replacing the benefits of actual practice, thoughtfully designed collaborative learning activities provide opportunities for students to construct and test their knowledge while developing their professional judgement. Hence, it is important to identify the common characteristics of collaborative activities that improve student learning. Based on the results of our research we hypothesised that with the correct scaffolding, activities that include integrated collaborative conversations improved the learning within small group activities. In this paper we report the first step in a research project to determine the characteristics of successful collaborative learning activities that include integrated peer conversations to assist academics in designing their own successful collaborative activities. To test our hypothesis we first examined a series of studies that report the effect of collaborative activity on student learning to identify any common characteristics that seemed to have a positive impact.

Ansari, YHH, Merifield, RS & Sheng, DC 1970, 'A numerical study on the applicability of the piezocone interpretation methods for hydraulic conductivity of clays', Computer Methods for Geomechanics: Frontiers and New Applications, pp. 442-448.
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During the last three decades, attempts have been made to obtain genuine interpretation methods for estimating the fl ow characteristics of fi ne grained soils through piezocone dissipation tests. Interpretation of these dissipation tests is however often based on various simplifying assumptions and has not been extensively calibrated against experimental or numerical results. In this research, piezocone penetration and dissipation tests are modelled numerically using large deformation fi nite element analysis with contact formulation. The effectiveness of the two widely used interpretation methods of Teh & Houlsby (1991) and Sully & Campanella (1994) is studied. It is found that the reliability of these methods is signifi cantly affected by the assumptions adopted. In addition, irrespective of their accuracy, the interpretation methods in the literature are found to be only applicable to normally consolidated to lightly overconsolidated soils.

Antle, AN, Marshall, P & van den Hoven, E 1970, 'Workshop on embodied interaction', CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '11: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 5-8.
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For over ten years researchers in human-computer interaction (HCI) have explored an embodied perspective that seeks to describe and explain the fundamental role played by the physical body in how we experience, interact with and understand computation in the world we live in. Recently, such a perspective has been used to discuss human actions and interactions with a range of computational applications including tangibles, mobiles, wearables, tabletops and interactive environments. This workshop aims to enable participants to critically explore the different approaches to incorporating an embodied perspective in HCI research, and to develop a shared set of understandings and identification of differences, similarities and synergies between our research approaches.

Aoki, Y, Samali, B, Saleh, A & Valipour Goudarzi, H 1970, 'Impact of sudden failure of cables on the dynamic performance of a cable-stayed bridge', The Austroads 8th Bridge Conferences - Sustainable Bridges: The Thread of Society - proceedings Volume II, Austroads Bridge Conference, Austroads Incorporated, Sydney, Australia, pp. 310-321.
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In cable stayed bridges corrosion and fatigue as well as extreme loadings such as earthquake, lightning strike and blast may lead to loss of cables. The vulnerability of cable stayed bridges for such cable loss scenarios has not been thoroughly investigated yet and is not considered in the current design practice. Accordingly, in this paper a primary study on vulnerability of cable stayed bridges against such extreme scenarios is undertaken. A two-dimensional Finite Element (FE) model of a cable-stayed bridge is developed in ANSYS. The mid-span of the bridge studied in this paper is 600 meter long and made of a steel box. The bridge is supported by two 140 meter tall steel towers and 56 steel cables. The bridge is analysed for two different cable loss scenarios and the global response of the structure (i.e. deformation of the bridge, bending moment at mid-span of the deck and the base of the tower, and axial force for deck and each cable) following the cable loss scenarios are studied. Further, dynamic amplification factors (DAF) for deflections and internal forces are determined by comparing the results of static analysis with the results obtained from transient dynamic analysis.

Apeh, E & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Change Mining of Customer Profiles Based on Transactional Data', 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Data Mining Workshops, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), IEEE, pp. 560-567.
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Customer transactions tend to change overtime with changing customer behaviour patterns. Classifier models, however, are often designed to perform prediction on data which is assumed to be static. These classifier models thus deteriorate in performance overtime when predicting in the context of evolving data. Robust adaptive classification models are therefore needed to detect and adjust to the kind of changes that are common in transactional data. This paper presents an investigation into using change mining to monitor the adaptive classification of customers based on their transactions through a moving time window. Results from our experiments show that our approach can be used for learning and adapting to changing customer profiles. © 2011 IEEE.

Apeh, ET, Gabrys, B & Schierz, A 1970, 'Customer profile classification using transactional data', 2011 Third World Congress on Nature and Biologically Inspired Computing, 2011 Third World Congress on Nature and Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC), IEEE, pp. 37-43.
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Customer profiles are by definition made up of factual and transactional data. It is often the case that due to reasons such as high cost of data acquisition and/or protection, only the transactional data are available for data mining operations. Transactional data, however, tend to be highly sparse and skewed due to a large proportion of customers engaging in very few transactions. This can result in a bias in the prediction accuracy of classifiers built using them towards the larger proportion of customers with fewer transactions. This paper investigates an approach for accurately and confidently grouping and classifying customers in bins on the basis of the number of their transactions. The experiments we conducted on a highly sparse and skewed real-world transactional data show that our proposed approach can be used to identify a critical point at which customer profiles can be more confidently distinguished. © 2011 IEEE.

Arefin, AS, Inostroza-Ponta, M, Mathieson, L, Berretta, R & Moscato, P 1970, 'Clustering Nodes in Large-Scale Biological Networks Using External Memory Algorithms', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 375-386.
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Novel analytical techniques have dramatically enhanced our understanding of many application domains including biological networks inferred from gene expression studies. However, there are clear computational challenges associated to the large datasets generated from these studies. The algorithmic solution of some NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems that naturally arise on the analysis of large networks is difficult without specialized computer facilities (i.e. supercomputers). In this work, we address the data clustering problem of large-scale biological networks with a polynomial-time algorithm that uses reasonable computing resources and is limited by the available memory. We have adapted and improved the MSTkNN graph partitioning algorithm and redesigned it to take advantage of external memory (EM) algorithms. We evaluate the scalability and performance of our proposed algorithm on a well-known breast cancer microarray study and its associated dataset. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Argente, E, Beydoun, G, Fuentes-Fernandez, R, Henderson-Sellers, B & Low, G 1970, 'Modelling with Agents', AGENT-ORIENTED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING X, Agent-Oriented Software Engineering Workshop, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 157-168.
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Modelling is gaining relevance in Agent-Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE) because of two main reasons. Firstly, the conceptual frameworks have reached a level of maturity that makes it reasonable to devote effort to seek a consensus in modelling languages, including tool support. Secondly, the influence of model-driven engineering emphasizes the potential value of having models at the core of development processes. This survey analyzes these changes in AOSE modelling languages along three dimensions. The semantic dimension refers to the concepts considered in the languages. The syntactic dimension covers the technical means by which languages are defined. The operational dimension regards the use of these languages, considering both their support and acceptance. The overall context for this discussion is the comparison of several modern AOSE approaches.

Ariffin, SA, Dyson, LE & Hoskins-McKenzie, D 1970, 'Specialists' Perspectives on Mobile Content in Malaysia', INNOVATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: A GLOBAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE, VOLS 1-4, 16th International-Business-Information-Management-Association Conference, INT BUSINESS INFORMATION MANAGEMENT ASSOC-IBIMA, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA, pp. 1-8.

Askari, M, Li, J & Samali, B 1970, 'Semi-Active LQG Control of Seismically Excited Nonlinear Buildings using Optimal Takagi-Sugeno Inverse Model of MR Dampers', Procedia Engineering, East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction, Elsevier BV, Hong Kong, pp. 2765-2772.
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A novel semi-active control method for a seismically excited nonlinear benchmark building equipped with magnetorheological (MR) dampers is presented and evaluated in this paper. While Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller is designed to estimate the optimal control force of a MR damper, the required voltage input for the damper to produce such control force is achieved by a proposed optimal Takagi- Sogeno(T-S) fuzzy inverse model. The proposed T-S fuzzy inverse model of dampers is derived using subtractive clustering, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGAII) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). The effectiveness of this strategy is illustrated and verified using simulated response of a 20-storey full-scale nonlinear benchmark building excited by several historical earthquake records. The designed semi-active system is compared with the performances of active control as well as clipped optimal control (COC) systems, which are based on the same nominal controller as is used in this study. The results are discussed based on the evaluation criteria suggested for the benchmark problem by International Association for Structural Control and Monitoring (IASCM) for comparison with other algorithms and demonstrate the superiority of this scheme over other strategies.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 1970, 'A Comparison of the Bond Characteristics in Conventional and Self-Compacting Concrete, Part I: Experimental Results', 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, New Zealand Concrete Society, Rotorua, New Zealand, pp. 435-442.
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a very flowing material that can flow through the reinforcement and fill the formworks without any need of vibration during the concrete placement process. The material properties of SCC including bond characteristics must be well understood in order to use this type of high performance concrete in structural members broadly. This paper presents a comparison of the experimental results from the nine recent investigations on the bond strength of SCC and conventional concrete (CC). The comparison is based on the measured bond between reinforcing steel and concrete by utilizing the pullout test on the embedded bars at various heights in mock-up structural elements to assess the top-bar effect and on single bars in small prismatic specimens and conducting the beam tests. The investigated affecting parameters on bond strength are: the steel bar diameter, concrete compressive strength, types of bar (plain or deformed), embedded length of the bar, concrete type, concrete cover, curing age of concrete, casting direction of concrete and height of the embedded bar along the formwork.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 1970, 'A Comparison of the Bond Characteristics in Conventional and Self-Compacting Concrete, Part II: Code Provisions and Empirical Equations', 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, New Zealand Concrete Society, Rotorua, New Zealand, pp. 443-450.
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a highly workable concrete that flows through complex structural elements under its own weight. It is cohesive enough to fill the spaces of almost any size and shape without segregation or bleeding. This makes SCC become more practical wherever concrete placing is difficult, such as in heavily-reinforced concrete members or in complicated formworks. Bond behaviour between concrete and reinforcement is a primary factor in design of reinforced concrete structures. This study presents a comparison between code provisions and empirical equations with the experimental results from the recent studies on the bond strength of SCC and conventional concrete (CC). The comparison is based on the measured bond between reinforcing steel and concrete by utilizing the pullout test on the embedded bars at various heights in mock-up structural elements to assess the top-bar effect and on single bars in small prismatic specimens; and conducting the beam tests. The investigated varying parameters on bond strength are: the steel bar diameter, concrete compressive strength, concrete type, curing age of concrete and height of the embedded bar along the formwork.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 1970, 'Comparison of Creep Prediction Models for Self-Compacting and Conventional Concrete', 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, New Zealand Concrete Society, Rotorua, New Zealand, pp. 1-10.
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Realistic prediction of concrete creep is of crucial importance for durability and long-term serviceability of concrete structures. To date, research about the behaviour of self-compacting concrete (SCC) members, especially concerning the long-term performance, is rather limited. Hence, the realistic SCC creep strain prediction is an important requirement of the design process of this type of concrete structures. SCC is quite different from conventional concrete (CC) in mixture proportions and applied materials, particularly in the presence of aggregate which is limited. This paper reviews the accuracy of the creep prediction models proposed by six international codes of practice, including: CEB-FIP 1990, ACI 209R (1992), Eurocode 2 (2001), AASHTO (2004), AASHTO (2007) and AS 3600 (2009). The predicted creep strains are compared with actual measured creep strains in 60 mixtures of SCC and 17 mixtures of CC. The affecting parameters on the creep of SCC including: the water to binder ratio, binder to aggregate ratio, sand ratio, and curing age are investigated and discussed.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 1970, 'Comparison of Shrinkage Prediction Models for Self-Compacting and Conventional Concrete', 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete Committee, New Zealand Concrete Society, Rotorua, New Zealand, pp. 1-10.
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One of the reasons for the use of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is to improve the long-term behaviour and durability of concrete structures. However, shrinkage of SCC may be larger than conventional concrete (CC) because SCC has higher binder content and a lower coarse aggregate volume. Therefore, accurate prediction of the shrinkage deformation is an important aspect of the long term behaviour of concrete. In this study, experimental shrinkage results for 154 mixtures of SCC and 18 mixtures of CC are compared with the shrinkage strains that are calculated using the following models: CEB-FIP 1990, ACI 209R (1992), Eurocode 2 (2001), AASHTO (2004), AASHTO (2007) and AS 3600 (2009). The influence of various parameters, such as mixture design, cement content, filler content, aggregate content, and water cement ratio (w/c) on the shrinkage of SCC are also compared and discussed.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 1970, 'Comparison of the Analytical Models to Determine Modulus of Elasticity of Self-Compacting Concrete and Conventional Concrete', Structural Engineers World Congress 2011, Structural Engineers World Congress, SEWC, Como, Italy, pp. 1-11.
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) can be placed under its own weight with no vibration efforts and is cohesive enough to be handled without segregation and bleeding. Modification in the mix design may have an influence on the materialâs mechanical properties. Therefore, it is important to investigate that whether all of the assumed hypotheses for conventional concrete (CC) to design the structures are also valid for SCC construction. Indubitably, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) is one of the most important mechanical properties which influences the durability and service life of reinforced concrete. MOE represents the stress-strain relationship of concrete in the elastic range and depends on the stiffness of the cement paste and aggregate, porosity, the interfacial transition zone, size of samples, and mixture proportions. This paper reviews the accuracy of the seven models for prediction of MOE for SCC and fifteen models for CC. The predicted MOE models are compared with the actual measured experimental values in 110 mixtures of SCC and 32 mixtures of CC.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 1970, 'Evaluation and Comparison of Analytical Models to Determine the Bond Characteristics of Steel Fibre Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete', 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, New Zealand Concrete Society, Rotorua, New Zealand, pp. 1-8.
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Steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) can be placed and compacted under its self weight with little or no mechanical vibration. It is at the same time cohesive enough to be casted without segregation or bleeding. Steel fibres improve many of the properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) elements including tensile strength, ductility, toughness, energy absorption capacity, fracture toughness and cracking. Although the available research regarding the influence of steel fibres on the properties of SFRSCC is limited, this paper investigates the bond characteristics between steel fibre and SCC. This by comparison of the five analytical models including (i.e. Naaman et al. (1991a,b), Dubey (1999), Cunha (2007), Soranakom (2008) and Lee et al. (2010)) with the experimental results from the four recently conducted single fibre pull-out tests. The influence of the fibre end hook, embedded length, fibre orientation angle, on the bond characteristic between fibre and SCC are determined and discussed. The accuracy of each analytical model also has been examined.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 1970, 'Evaluation and Comparison of the Analytical Models to Determine Tensile Strength of Self-Compacting Concrete and Conventional Concrete', Structural Engineers World Congress 2011, Structural Engineers World Congress, SEWC, Como, Italy, pp. 1-11.
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Differences in mixture proportions and applied materials between self-compacting concrete (SCC) and conventional concrete (CC) can result in an essentially effect on the physical properties and on the mechanical properties. Therefore, it is important to investigate that whether all of the assumed hypotheses for CC to design the structures are also valid for SCC construction. The tensile strength (TS) of concrete is important to predict the initiation of cracking of concrete members when it is subjected to external loads or by shrinkage alone. For design considerations, the shear, punching, anchorage, crack control, and minimum reinforcement directly depend on the tensile strength of the concrete. Relation between tensile and compressive strength of concrete changes by various factors including, the aggregate type and particle size distribution, age of the concrete, curing process and air content. This paper reviews the accuracy of the six models for SCC and nineteen models for CC for determining the TS of concrete. The predicted results are compared with the actual measured TS of concrete from the previously conducted experimental results in 86 mixtures of SCC and 26 mixtures of CC.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 1970, 'Evaluation and Comparison of the Analytical Models to Predict Creep and Shrinkage Behavior of Self-Compacting Concrete', Structural Engineers World Congress 2011, Structural Engineers World Congress, SEWC, Como, Italy, pp. 1-10.
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In the structures whose long-term behavior should be monitored and controlled, creep and shrinkage effects have to be included precisely in the analysis and design procedures. Creep and shrinkage, vary with the constituent and mixtures proportions, and depend on the curing conditions and work environment as well. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) contains combinations of various components, such as aggregate, cement, superplasticizer, water-reducing agent and other ingredients which affect the properties of the SCC including creep and shrinkage of the SCC. Hence, the realistic prediction creep and shrinkage strains of SCC are an important requirement of the design process of this type of concrete structures. In this study, three proposed creep models and four shrinkage models available in the literature are compared with the measured results of 52 mixtures for creep and 165 mixtures for shrinkage of SCC. The influence of various parameters, such as mixture design, cement content, filler content, aggregate content, and water cement ratio (w/c) on the creep and shrinkage of SCC are also compared and discussed.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 1970, 'Evaluation of Experimental Results to Determine the Bond Characteristics of Steel Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete', Structural Engineers World Congress 2011, Structural Engineers World Congress, SEWC, Como, Italy, pp. 1-8.
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Steel fibers can improve many of the properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) elements including tensile resistance and crack control, ductility, toughness, energy absorption capacity, and resistance to fatigue. However, the structural behavior depends on the composite action of the concrete and steel in resisting the external loads. If steel fiber undergoes the same strain or deformation as the surrounding concrete, no slip occurs between the two materials under load and a prefect bond exists. Indubitably, prediction of accurate behavior of the composite material requires precise modeling and determining of the bond characteristics. In fiber reinforced concrete (FRC), the interface between fiber and cement paste is the weakest link of the micro-structure. Therefore, the study of the behavior of fiber-paste interface is vital for understanding the mechanism of the composite behavior. This paper presents a comparison of the experimental results from the four recent investigations on the bond characteristics of steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC). The comparison is based on the measured bond stresses between steel fiber and SCC by utilizing a single fiber pullout test. The influences of the fiber end hook, embedded length, fiber orientation angle, concrete age, and concrete cover on the pullout test of the fibers were also investigated.

Aslund, ML, Canagasabey, A, Liu, Y, Cook, K, Canning, J & Peng, G-D 1970, 'Regenerated fibre Bragg gratings used to map internal reaction temperatures of a modified chemical vapour deposition (MCVD) optical fibre preform lathe', 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS, International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors (OFS).
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The temperature profile of the reaction zone inside the substrate tube of a modified chemical vapour deposition (MCVD) optical fibre perform lathe has been characterised using thermal chirp compensated ultra-high temperature stable regenerated optical fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs). Results indicate significant differences in measured internal temperatures than those predicted theoretically or measured externally. © 2011 Copyright Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

Aslund, ML, Canagasabey, A, Michie, A, Canning, J, Holdsworth, J & Fleming, S 1970, 'Delayed self-heterodyne interferometry using Faraday mirrors in a Michelson configuration', 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS, International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors (OFS).
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The use of Faraday rotator mirrors in a Michelson interferometer configuration is shown to significantly improve resolution and coherence for delayed self-heterodyne interferometry. © 2011 Copyright Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

Åslund, ML, Michie, A, Canning, J, Holdsworth, J & Fleming, S 1970, 'Michelson interferometer with Faraday mirrors employed in a delayed self-heterodyne interferometer', 2011 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, OFC/NFOEC 2011, Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition (OFC/NFOEC), IEEE, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Faraday rotator mirrors in a Michelson interferometer configuration is shown to significantly improve resolution and coherence for delayed self-heterodyne interferometery. Coherence is clearly observed over the maximum available delay length of 60 km. © 2011 Optical Society of America.

Åslund, ML, Michie, A, Canning, J, Holdsworth, J & Fleming, S 1970, 'Michelson Interferometer With Faraday Mirrors Employed In A Delayed Self-Heterodyne Interferometer', Optical Fiber Communication Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference 2011, Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA.
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Faraday rotator mirrors in a Michelson interferometer configuration is shown to significantly improve resolution and coherence for delayed self-heterodyne interferometery. Coherence is clearly observed over the maximum available delay length of 60 km. © OSA/OFC/NFOEC 2011.

Aslund, ML, Michie, A, Canning, J, Holdsworth, J, Fleming, S & America, OSO 1970, 'Michelson Interferometer With Faraday Mirrors Employed In A Delayed Self-Heterodyne Interferometer', 2011 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (OFC/NFOEC) AND THE NATIONAL FIBER OPTIC ENGINEERS CONFERENCE, Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (OFC)/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference(NFOEC), OPTICAL SOC AMERICA, Los Angeles, CA.

Athab, HS & Lu, DD-C 1970, 'Forward-based AC/DC converter with quasi-active input current shaping technique', 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), IEEE, Phoenix, AZ, USA, pp. 2885-2891.
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This paper presents a forward converter with a quasi-active input current shaping (ICS) scheme. A high frequency pulsating voltage source derived from a cascaded dc/dc forward converter is added to serve as a magnetic switch and drive an inductor for input current shaping. As a result, the input power factor is improved due to the extended conduction angle of the conventional diode rectifier with large output capacitor. It eliminates the use of active switch and control circuit for power factor correction (PFC), which results in improved efficiency and lower cost. To achieve low harmonic content, the input inductor is designed to operate in discontinuous current mode (DCM). The new converter satisfies the input current harmonics regulation IEC61000-3-2 Class D and limits the dc bus capacitor voltage below 450V for universal line applications. In addition the added winding provides a direct power transfer path from the input to the load, which can improve the conversion efficiency. Operating principles, analysis, and simulation/experimental results of the proposed converter are presented. © 2011 IEEE.

Azabi, YO, Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Equiangular spiral tellurite photonic crystal fiber for supercontinuum generation in Mid-Infrared', 2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics: Laser Science to Photonic Applications, CLEO 2011.
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We demonstrate very low and flat dispersion (±2ps/nm/km, slope<0.0028ps/nm2/km@ 1.8-2μm) in the Mid-Infrared band along with high non-linear coefficient (γ=1155W-1 km1@ 1.93μm) achieved in a tellurite photonic crystal fiber for generating supercontinuum with a broad bandwidth. © 2011 OSA.

Azabi, YO, Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Equiangular spiral tellurite photonic crystal fiber for supercontinuum generation in mid-infrared', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers.
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We demonstrate very low and flat dispersion (±2ps/nm/km, slope<0.0028ps/nm2/km at 1.8-2μm) in the Mid-Infrared band along with high non-linear coefficient (γ=1155W-1km-1 at 1.93μm) achieved in a tellurite photonic crystal fiber for generating supercontinuum with a broad bandwidth. © OSA/ CLEO 2011.

Azabi, YO, Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Equiangular spiral tellurite photonic crystal fiber for supercontinuum generation in mid-infrared', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers.
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We demonstrate very low and flat dispersion (±2ps/nm/km, slope<0.0028ps/nm2/km@ 1.8-2μm) in the Mid-Infrared band along with high non-linear coefficient (γ=1155W-1km-1@ 1.93μm) achieved in a tellurite photonic crystal fiber for generating supercontinuum with a broad bandwidth. © OSA/CLEO 2011.

Azabi, YO, Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Equiangular spiral tellurite photonic crystal fiber for supercontinuum generation in mid-infrared', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers.
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We demonstrate very low and flat dispersion (±2ps/nm/km, slope<0.0028ps/nm2/km@ 1.8-2μm) in the Mid-Infrared band along with high non-linear coefficient (γ=1155W-1km-1@ 1.93μm) achieved in a tellurite photonic crystal fiber for generating supercontinuum with a broad bandwidth. © OSA/CLEO 2011.

Azari, B, Fatahi, B & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'Application of Creep Ratio Concept for Estimating Post-Constriction Settlement of Deep Soft Clay Deposits', ICAGE 2011 - Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, International Conference on Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Australia, pp. 127-133.
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Two main different approaches have been previously proposed to predict time dependent behaviour of soft soils. (I) end of primary consolidation is unique although creep starts simultaneously with primary consolidation (Hypothesis A); (II) As creep and primary consolidation commence at the same time and creep is a time dependant phenomenon, then end of primary consolidation cannot be unique (Hypothesis B). In Hypothesis A, soil settlement is divided into two parts: primary consolidation and secondary compression which follows by primary consolidation. In Hypothesis B, soil settlement is estimated based on elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model simulating soil creep and consolidation settlement simultaneously. In this study, details of first approach based on creep ratio ( ) concept is discussed with a worked example to be used by practicing geotechnical engineers.

Aziz, T, Hossain, MJ, Saha, TK & Mithulananthan, N 1970, 'Stability evaluation of distributed generator integrated system with index based placement of STATCOM', 2011 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, 2011 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT Australia), IEEE.
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Wide-scale penetration of small distributed generation (DG) units to weak distribution systems is one of the major concerns for power system engineers. As grid standards limit reactive power generation capability of small DG units, lack of sufficient reactive power support, brings the problem of slow voltage recovery under post-fault conditions. In this paper, a STATic COMpensator (STATCOM), which is chosen as a dynamic volt-ampere reactive (VAR) compensator has been placed in DG integrated systems based on a new index. Impact of index based placement of STATCOMs on angle stability has been investigated in details with both modal and time domain analyses. Simulation results confirm satisfactory voltage recovery and damping improvement with index based placement of STATCOMs. An IEEE industrial mesh system with various dynamic motor loads is used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed STATCOM placement technique. © 2011 IEEE.

Azmi, AI, Sen, D, Canning, J & Peng, G-D 1970, 'Intensity-type vibration sensor based on multiple subchannels sensing scheme', 2011 International Quantum Electronics Conference (IQEC) and Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) Pacific Rim incorporating the Australasian Conference on Optics, Lasers and Spectroscopy and the Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology, 2011 International Quantum Electronics Conference (IQEC) and Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) Pacific Rim, IEEE, pp. 2023-2025.
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A novel intensity-type vibration sensor using multiple phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (MPS-FBG) pair is proposed to improve vibration sensitivity of a system interrogated by broadband source. The enhanced vibration sensitivity compared to normal FBG is accomplished by the increased of total intensity change produced by multiple subchannels operation. Significant vibration sensitivity enhancement has been achieved compared to the normal FBG in experiment (e.g. nearly 20 dB using 17 phase shifted FBG), which agrees with the theoretical expectation. The improved sensitivity of the proposed scheme would be highly desirable for cost effective wavelength multiplexed vibration sensing system based on single broadband source. © 2011 IEEE.

Babai, L, Codenotti, P, Grochow, JA & Qiao, Y 1970, 'Code Equivalence and Group Isomorphism', Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, San Francisco, USA, pp. 1395-1408.
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The isomorphism problem for groups given by their multiplication tables has long been known to be solvable in time nlog n+O(1). The decades-old quest for a polynomial-time algorithm has focused on the very difficult case of class-2 nilpotent groups (groups whose quotient by their center is abelian), with little success. In this paper we consider the opposite end of the spectrum and initiate a more hopeful program to find a polynomial-time algorithm for semisimple groups, defined as groups without abelian normal subgroups. First we prove that the isomorphism problem for this class can be solved in time nO(log log n). We then identify certain bottlenecks to polynomial-time solvability and give a polynomial-time solution to a rich subclass, namely the semisimple groups where each minimal normal subgroup has a bounded number of simple factors. We relate the results to the filtration of groups introduced by Babai and Beals (1999). One of our tools is an algorithm for equivalence of (not necessarily linear) codes in simply-exponential time in the length of the code, obtained by modifying Luks's algorithm for hypergraph isomorphism in simply-exponential time in the number of vertices (FOCS 1999). We comment on the complexity of the closely related problem of permutational isomorphism of permutation groups.

Babar, A, Wong, B & Qumer, A 1970, 'An evaluation of the goal-oriented approaches for modelling strategic alignment concept.', RCIS, International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science, IEEE, Gosier, pp. 1-8.
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Bakker, S, van den Hoven, E, Antle, AN & ACM 1970, 'MoSo Tangibles: Evaluating Embodied Learning', TEI 2011: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TANGIBLE EMBEDDED AND EMBODIED INTERACTION, Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction, ACM, Madeira, Portugal, pp. 85-92.
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Using tangible interaction in interactive educational systems can benefit learning. This can be supported by relying on experientially originating schemata in the interaction design of learning systems. This paper presents the design and evaluation of MoSo Tangibles, a set of interactive, physical artifacts with which children manipulate the pitch, volume and tempo of ongoing tones, in order to structure their understanding of these abstract sound concepts in terms of multiple different concrete body-based concepts. The results indicate that MoSo provided children with a physical handle to reason about the targeted abstract concepts.

Balasubramanian, V, Hoang, DB & Zia, TA 1970, 'Addressing the Confidentiality and Integrity of Assistive Care Loop Framework Using Wireless Sensor Networks', 2011 21st International Conference on Systems Engineering, 2011 21st International Conference on Systems Engineering (ICSEng), IEEE, Las Vegas Nevada USA, pp. 416-421.
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In-house healthcare monitoring applications are continuous time-critical applications often built upon Body Area Wireless Sensor Networks (BAWSNs). Our Assistive Care Loop Framework (ACLF) is an in-house healthcare application capable of monitoring the health conditions of aged/patients over a dedicated period of time by deploying the BAWSN as the monitoring component. However, the wireless medium used in the BAWSN for communications is prone to vulnerabilities that could open a door to attackers tampering with or compromising the userâs data privacy. Hence, it is imperative to maintain the privacy and integrity of the data to gain the confidence and hence, the acceptance of the users of the healthcare applications. Furthermore, in time-critical applications, the vital health conditions must be monitored at regular intervals within their specified critical time. Therefore, the security model proposed for the BAWSN must not incur undue overheads when meeting the critical time requirements of the application. In this paper, we propose and implement a secure adaptive triple-key scheme (TKS) for the BAWSN to achieve the privacy and integrity of the monitored data with minimal overheads. We then present the performance results of our scheme for the BAWSN, using real-time test-bed implementations and simulations.

Ball, JE, Babister, MK & Retallick, ME 1970, 'Revisiting the design flood problem', 34th IAHR Congress 2011 - Balance and Uncertainty: Water in a Changing World, Incorporating the 33rd Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium and the 10th Conference on Hydraulics in Water Engineering, Congress of IAHR, the International Association of Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research, Engineers Australia, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 31-38.
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While previous editions of ARR have served the engineering profession well, a number of issues have necessitated the production of a new edition. These issues include the many recent developments in knowledge about rainfall-runoff processes, the increased computational capacity available to engineering hydrologists, and the rapidly expanding body of information about climate change. As part of the development of the new edition, it has been necessary to look at the history of methods used and the implications of assumptions necessary for implementation of these methods. Arising from this review, a way forward for design flood estimation in Australia is proposed that addresses many of the simplifying assumptions inherent in past methods for flood estimation but also recognises the differing levels of complexity required for design flood estimation. This new vision for design flood estimation will be incorporated in the new edition of ARR.

Bano, M & Ikram, N 1970, 'KM-SORE: Knowledge Management for Service Oriented Requirements Engineering', Sixth International Conference on Software Engineering Advances (ICSEA 2011) Proceedings, International Conference on Software Engineering Advances, IARIA, Barcelona, Spain.
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Service-oriented Software Engineering is a new style for creating software using reusable services which are available over the web. The biggest challenge in this process is to discover and select the appropriate services that match system requirements. Currently, none of the proposed approach has been accepted by research community as a standard. There is very little empirical work available that addresses requirements engineering in service oriented paradigm. The aim of this study is to propose a framework for requirements engineering in SOSE. The framework is based on a new idea, that integrating Knowledge Management in Service Oriented development would improve requirement engineering phase as it does for traditional software engineering. The framework is developed in the light of the issues and challenges identified by published literature and the feedback of practitioners and researchers working on service oriented projects.

Bany Salameh, H & Krunz, M 1970, 'Channel Assignment and Access Protocols for Spectrum-Agile Networks with Single-Transceiver Radios', NETWORKING 2011, PT II, 10th International IFIP TC 6 Networking Conference, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Valencia, SPAIN, pp. 178-197.
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Bastidas-Arteaga, E, Schoefs, F & Stewart, M 1970, 'Considerations for probabilistic assessment of the effect of global warming on durability of corroding RC structures', Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering -Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, CRC Press, pp. 2102-2110.
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Chloride ingress and carbonation cause corrosion of Reinforcing Concrete (RC) structures affecting its operational life. Experimental evidence indicates that these deterioration processes are highly influenced by weather conditions in the surrounding environment-i.e. temperature, humidity, CO2 emissions, etc. Since studies on global warming announce several changes in climate, the impact of climate on RC durability should be also considered. This paper links RC deterioration mechanisms and global warming. To consider this interaction, it has been defined based on appropriate deterioration models. Based on various studies on climate change, models for estimating the effect of global warming on temperature, humidity and CO2 emissions are also described. Furthermore, various scenarios of global warming that can be used to assess the effect of climate change in structural reliability are proposed. These scenarios take into account: gas emissions, global population growth, introduction of new and clean technologies and use of fossil sources of energy. The proposed approach is illustrated with a numerical example. The last part of the paper outlines some adaptation strategies focusing particularly on the needs for the selection of an optimal adaptation strategy © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Beck, D, Brandl, M, Pham, TD, Chang, C-C, Zhou, X, Pham, TD, Zhou, X, Tanaka, H, Oyama-Higa, M, Jiang, X, Sun, C, Kowalski, J & Jia, X 1970, 'In-Silico Identification Of Micro-Loops In Myelodysplastic Syndromes', AIP Conference Proceedings, 2011 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL MODELS FOR LIFE SCIENCES (CMLS-11), AIP, pp. 263-271.
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Micro-loops are regulatory network motifs that leverage transcriptional and posttranscriptional control to effectively regulate the transcriptome. In this paper a regulatory network for Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDSs) was constructed from the literature and publicly available data sources. The network was filtered using data from deep-sequencing of small RNAs, exon and microarrays. Motif discovery showed that micro-loops might exist in MDS. We further used the identified micro-loops and performed basic network analysis to identify the known disease gene RUNX1/AML, as well as miRNA family hsa-mir-181. This suggested that the concept of micro-loops can be applied to enhance disease gene identification and biomarker discovery. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.

Behbood, V & Lu, J 1970, 'Efficiency Prediction in Decision Making Units Merger using Data Envelopment Analysis and Neural Network', 19th Triennial Conference of the International Federation of Operational Research Societies, IFORS, Australia.

Behbood, V & Lu, J 1970, 'Financial Early Warning System: Adaptive Inference-based Fuzzy Neural Network', 19th Triennial Conference of the International Federation of Operational Research Societies, IFORS, Australia.

Behbood, V & Lu, J 1970, 'Fuzzy Refinement-based Transductive Transfer Learning for Bank Failure Prediction', World Conference on Soft Computing, IEEE, USA.

Behbood, V & Lu, J 1970, 'Intelligent financial warning model using Fuzzy Neural Network and case-based reasoning', 2011 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr), Economics -Part Of 17273 - 2011 Ssci, IEEE, Paris, France, pp. 9-15.
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Creating an applicable and precise financial early warning model is highly desirable for decision makers and regulators in the financial industry. Although Business Failure Prediction (BFP) especially banks has been extensively a researched area since late 1960s, the next critical step which is the decision making support scheme has been ignored. This paper presents a novel model for financial warning which combines a fuzzy inference system with the learning ability of neural network as a Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) to predict organizational financial status and also applies reasoning capability of Fuzzy Case-Based Reasoning (FCBR) to support decision makers measuring appropriate solutions. The proposed financial warning model generates an adaptive fuzzy rule base to predict financial status of target case and then if it is predicted to fail, the FCBR is used to find similar survived cases. Finally according similar cases and a fuzzy rule base, the model provides financial decisions to change particular features as company goals in upcoming year to avoid future financial distress.

Behbood, V, Lu, J, Zhang, G & IEEE 1970, 'Long Term Bank Failure Prediction using Fuzzy Refinement-based Transductive Transfer Learning', IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ 2011), IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 2676-2683.
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Machine learning algorithms, which have been considered as robust methods in different computational fields, assume that the training and test data are drawn from the same distribution. This assumption may be violated in many real world applications like bank failure prediction because training and test data may come from different time periods or domains. An efficient novel algorithm known as Fuzzy Refinement (FR) is proposed in this paper to solve this problem and improve the performance. The algorithm utilizes the fuzzy system and similarity concept to modify the instances' labels in target domain which was initially predicted by shift-unaware Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) proposed by [1]. The experiments are performed using bank failure financial data of United States to evaluate the algorithm performance. The results address a significant improvement in the predictive accuracy of FNN due to applying the proposed algorithm.

Behrouznia, A, Azadeh, A, Pichka, K, Pazhoheshfar, P & Saberi, M 1970, 'Prediction of manufacturing lead time based on Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)', 2011 International Symposium on Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications, 2011 International Symposium on Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications (INISTA), IEEE, pp. 16-18.
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The lead time estimation is significant activity in each corporation that concerns with the breakdown of machines and maintenance. An integrated algorithm for forecasting weekly lead time based on Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is proposed in this study. First, an ANFIS model is illustrated for the lead time forecasting simultaneously. The lowest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value is used to select the best model. In order to illustrate the applicability and superiority of the proposed algorithm, the weekly lead time of Motogen Company in Iran for 70 weeks is used and applied to the proposed algorithm. © 2011 IEEE.

Bennett, I & Dyson, LE 1970, 'Modelling Personal Improvement: Using a Survey to Shape Linguistic and Employment Confidence in First-Year International NESB Students', Proceedings of the 14th Pacific Rim First Year in Higher Education Conference (FYHE) 2011, QUT, Fremantle, pp. 1-10.

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Empirical Survey: Experimentation and Implementations of High Speed Protocol Data Transfer for GRID', 2011 IEEE Workshops of International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 2011 IEEE Workshops of International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (WAINA), IEEE, Biopolis Singapore, pp. 335-340.
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Many TCP protocol variants have demonstrated better performance in simulation and several limited network experiments. However, practical use in real applications of these protocols is still very limited because of the implementation and installation difficulties. On the other hand, users who need to transfer bulk data (e.g., in grid/cloud computing) usually turn to application level solutions where these variants do not fair well. Among protocols considered in the application level solutions are UDP-based protocols, such as UDT (UDP-based Data Transport Protocol). UDT is considered one of the most recently developed new transport protocols with congestion control algorithms. It was developed to support next generation high-speed networks, including wide area optical networks. It is considered a state-of-the-art protocol, which promptly addresses various infrastructure requirements for transmitting data in high-speed networks. Its development, however, creates new vulnerabilities because like many other protocols, it is designed to rely solely on existing security mechanisms for existing protocols such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Some of these security mechanisms cannot be used to absolutely protect UDT, just as security mechanisms devised for wired networks cannot be used to protect unwired ones. Both the recently developed UDT and the decades-old TCP/UDP lack a well-thought-out security architecture that addresses problems in today's networks. In this paper, we extend our previous work and implement our developed security methodology that can assist network and security investigators, designers, and users who consider and incorporate security when implementing UDT across wide area networks. These can support security architectural designs of UDP-based protocols as well as assist in the future development of other state-of-the-art fast data transfer protocols.

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Formalization and Information-Theoretic Soundness in the Development of Security Architecture for Next Generation Network Protocol - UDT', SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, International Conference on Security Technology (SecTech), Springer Verlag Berlin, Jeju Island, Korea, pp. 183-194.
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The development and deployment of User Datagram Protocol (UDP)- based Data Transfer (UDT) is undoubtedly strongly reliant upon existing security mechanisms. However, existing mechanisms are developed for mature protocols such as TCP/UDP. We, therefore, developed proprietary mechanisms to form a security architecture for UDT. The primary objectives of the architecture include the management of messages through Authentication Option (AO) and cryptographic keys, the security of data communications, and the integration of data protection enhancing technologies across all the layers. Our approach is the result of our work which started in 2008. We verified each mechanism through formalisation to achieve informationtheoretic soundness of the architecture. The results achieve the enhancement of existing schemes to introduce a novel approach to integrate mechanisms to secure UDT in its deployment. The architecture does include available and well-discussed schemes, which are used in other protocols, with proven computational intelligence which can be upgraded so as to provide improved security and primary protection in future extensive UDT deployments. In this work, we present UDT Security Architecture with suitable mechanisms to ensure preservation of data integrity in data transmission.

Binghuang Cai, Shoudong Huang, Dikai Liu, Shuai Yuan, Dissanayake, G, Lau, H & Pagac, D 1970, 'Optimisation model and exact algorithm for autonomous straddle carrier scheduling at automated container terminals', 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2011), IEEE.
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Borzeshi, EZ, Piccardi, M & Xu, RYD 1970, 'A discriminative prototype selection approach for graph embedding in human action recognition', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCV Workshops), 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCV Workshops), IEEE, Barcelona Spain, pp. 1295-1301.
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This paper proposes a novel graph-based method for representing a human's shape during the performance of an action. Despite their strong representational power, graphs are computationally cumbersome for pattern analysis. One way of circumventing this problem is that of transforming the graphs into a vector space by means of graph embedding. Such an embedding can be conveniently obtained by way of a set of 'prototype' graphs and a dissimilarity measure: yet, the critical step in this approach is the selection of a suitable set of prototypes which can capture both the salient structure within each action class as well as the intra-class variation. This paper proposes a new discriminative approach for the selection of prototypes which maximizes a function of the inter- and intra-class distances. Experiments on an action recognition dataset reported in the paper show that such a discriminative approach outperforms well-established prototype selection methods such as center, border and random prototype selection.

Borzeshi, EZ, Xu, R & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Automatic Human Action Recognition in Videos by Graph Embedding', Lecture Notes in Computer Science.Image Analysis and Processing - ICIAP 2011.16th International Conference Part II, International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Ravenna, Italy, pp. 19-28.
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The problem of human action recognition has received increasing attention in recent years for its importance in many applications. Yet, the main limitation of current approaches is that they do not capture well the spatial relationships in the subject performing the action. This paper presents an initial study which uses graphs to represent the actorâs shape and graph embedding to then convert the graph into a suitable feature vector. In this way, we can benefit from the wide range of statistical classifiers while retaining the strong representational power of graphs. The paper shows that, although the proposed method does not yet achieve accuracy comparable to that of the best existing approaches, the embedded graphs are capable of describing the deformable human shape and its evolution along the time. This confirms the interesting rationale of the approach and its potential for future performance.

Brady, PDM 1970, 'A novel ILES/VOF solver for the simulation of turbulent free surface flows', 34th IAHR Congress 2011 - Balance and Uncertainty: Water in a Changing World, Incorporating the 33rd Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium and the 10th Conference on Hydraulics in Water Engineering, Balance and Uncertainty - Water in a Changing World, Engineers Australia, Brisbane, pp. 4344-4351.
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A new Implicit Large Eddy Simulation Computational Fluid Dynamics algorithm for the simulation of turbulent flows in the presence of a free surface was developed and validated. The unsteady solver computes the motion of the free surface and surrounding fluid with sufficient accuracy yet without the exorbitant requirements of a Direct Numerical Simulation. The validation study was the simulation of the flow around a right circular cylinder that pierced a free surface. The Reynolds number investigated was 27x103, with a corresponding Froude number, based on the cylinder diameter, of 0.75. In clear contrast to a recently published LES simulation, the shape of the free surface was correctly simulated while a spectral analysis indicated, somewhat surprisingly, that the turbulent cascade was being correctly simulated beyond the grid scale, which is a confirmation that the ILES solver is computing the subgrid-scale turbulence.

Brandl, MB, Beck, D, Pham, TD, Pham, TD, Zhou, X, Tanaka, H, Oyama-Higa, M, Jiang, X, Sun, C, Kowalski, J & Jia, X 1970, 'Application of Fuzzy c-Means and Joint-Feature-Clustering to Detect Redundancies of Image-Features in Drug Combinations Studies of Breast Cancer', AIP Conference Proceedings, 2011 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL MODELS FOR LIFE SCIENCES (CMLS-11), AIP, pp. 65-72.
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The high dimensionality of image-based dataset can be a drawback for classification accuracy. In this study, we propose the application of fuzzy c-means clustering, cluster validity indices and the notation of a joint-feature-clustering matrix to find redundancies of image-features. The introduced matrix indicates how frequently features are grouped in a mutual cluster. The resulting information can be used to find data-derived feature prototypes with a common biological meaning, reduce data storage as well as computation times and improve the classification accuracy. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.

Bremner, MJ 1970, 'Classical simulation of commuting quantum computations implies collapse of the polynomial hierarchy', 14th Workshop on Quantum Information Processing, Singapore.
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Quantum Information Processing (QIP) is a rapidly developing field of research spanning both physics and computer science. As the name implies, the field extends information processing (including computing and cryptography) to physical regimes where quantum effects become significant. QIP 2011 was the fourteenth workshop on theoretical aspects of quantum computing, quantum cryptography, and quantum information in a series that started in Aarhus in 1998 and was held 2010 at ETH Zurich, Switzerland. QIP 2011 featured a tutorial programme, invited talks, contributed talks, and a poster session. In addition, there was a rump session with short informal talks.

Brunner, C, Peynot, T & Vidal-Calleja, T 1970, 'Combining multiple sensor modalities for a localisation robust to smoke', 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2011), IEEE, San Francisco, CA, pp. 0-0.
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This paper proposes an approach to obtain a localisation that is robust to smoke by exploiting multiple sensing modalities: visual and infrared (IR) cameras. This localisation is based on a state-of-the-art visual SLAM algorithm. First, we show that a re

Brunner, C, Peynot, T & Vidal-Calleja, T 1970, 'Combining multiple sensor modalities for a localisation robust to smoke', 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2011), IEEE.
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Brynskov, M, Leong, T & Fritch, J 1970, 'Bridging the Affective Gap to Make News Felt: Civic Engagement in the Climate Debate', 5th International Conference on Communities and Technologies, International Conference on Communities and Technologies, ACM Press, Brisbane, QLD, pp. 50-59.

Brynskov, M, Leong, TW & Fritsch, J 1970, 'Bridging the affective gap to make news felt', Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Communities and Technologies, C&T '11: Communities and Technologies, ACM, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 50-59.
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We report our experiences of how public voice, news reporting, and sensor information can be blended and mediated digitally in ways different from the traditional formats of civic debate. We use Klimatrends (Climate Trends), an iPhone app and related infrastructure, as a probe to understand how citizens, journalists, and other stakeholders can engage in conversations and reflections on an important topic or event understood as a space for aestheticized public voice. By attempting to make news "felt" through bridging an "affective gap" between readers/consumers and news/information providers we offer a tentative design strategy for public engagement with civic debate. © 2011 ACM.

Cai, B, Huang, S, Liu, D, Yuan, S, Dissanayake, G, Lau, H, Pagac, D & IEEE 1970, 'Optimisation Model and Exact Algorithm for Autonomous Straddle Carrier Scheduling at Automated Container Terminals', 2011 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, San Francisco, California, USA, pp. 3686-3693.
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In this paper, an optimisation model based on Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows (PDPTW), and an exact algorithm based on Branch-and-Bound with Column Generation (BBCG), are presented for Autonomous Straddle Carriers Scheduling (ASCS) problem at automated container terminals. The ASCS problem is firstly modeled into a PDPTW, which is formulated as a Binary Integer Programming (BIP) and then solved by Column Generation (CG) in the Branch-and-Bound (BB) framework. The BBCG algorithm is also compared to another two exact algorithms [i.e., Binary integer Programming with Dynamic Programming (BPDP) and Exhaustive Search with Permutation and Combination (ESPC)] for the ASCS problem solving. Based on the map of an actual automated container terminal, simulation results and discussions are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the presented model and algorithm for autonomous vehicle scheduling.

Cai, C, Wang, Y & Geers, G 1970, 'Quantifying the exact impact of state estimation error on traffic signal control', Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science, GIS '11: 19th SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, ACM, pp. 39-44.
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This paper presents a study on quantifying the exact impact of state estimation error on adaptive traffic signal control. The exact impact of state estimation error can be derived using the vertical queuing model and dynamic programming. The vertical queuing model, albeit a simplistic assumption, can be defined unambiguously, and when used to describe the system dynamics in the dynamic programming formulation, enables an exact global optimum to be computed. We further present a model to estimate the impact of state estimation error on multiple cycles of traffic signal operation, which will then be validated by the results obtained from the dynamic programming process based on the vertical queuing model. © 2011 ACM.

Cai, Y & Jay Guo, Y 1970, 'A reconfigurable decoupling and matching network for a frequency agile compact array', Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2011, pp. 896-899.
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A novel frequency reconfigurable compact array incorporating a reconfigurable decoupling and matching network (DMN) is proposed. The array radiating part consists of two printed monopole antennas. An inductive biasing line is devised to control the PIN diode states so that the array operating frequency is switchable between 2.5 and 3.5 GHz bands. The element spacing is chosen to be as small as 0.050 at 2.5GHz, which leads to a strong mutual coupling between antenna ports. A reconfigurable DMN is proposed to mitigate the mutual coupling effect for both 2.5 and 3.5GHz bands. Simulation results show that the use of the DMN realizes a well matched (S11 <= -10dB) and decoupled (S21 <= -20dB) bandwidth of 70MHz and 120MHz in the lower and higher bands, respectively. The antenna total efficiency can be substantially affected by the internal resistor when the PIN diodes are in the ON state. The compact size and frequency reconfigurability feature greatly save the antenna real estate. The decoupled array can be useful for a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) diversity system. © 2011 EurAAP.

Canagasabey, A, Michie, A, Canning, J, Holdsworth, J, Fleming, S, Wang, H-C & Aslund, ML 1970, 'A comparison of Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers for laser linewidth measurements', 2011 International Quantum Electronics Conference (IQEC) and Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) Pacific Rim incorporating the Australasian Conference on Optics, Lasers and Spectroscopy and the Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology, 2011 International Quantum Electronics Conference (IQEC) and Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) Pacific Rim, IEEE, pp. 1392-1394.
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The performances of the Michelson (MI) and Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI) are compared for laser linewidth measurement with the delayed self-heterodyne technique. Voigt fitting is used to extract the Lorentzian and Gaussian components for the MZI and MI with faraday mirrors and also standard gold mirrors. The MI with Faraday mirrors provides a measurement with significantly lower error, owing to the elimination of noise associated with random polarisation drifts. © 2011 IEEE.

Canning, J 1970, 'Nanophotonics inside structured optical fibres', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE/OSA/IEEE Asia Communications and Photonics, SPIE, Shanghai, China.
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Adding functionality to structured optical fibres promises to enhance their application range. This functionality critically depends on the evanescent field and both accessing and controlling it. We have explored a key approach based on depositing layers inside optical fibres. Of these, self-assembly of nanoparticles has proven to be surprisingly versatile, enabling us to demonstrate improved methods for optical field localisation. This work is reviewed here. © 2011 SPIE-OSA-IEEE.

Canning, J 1970, 'Nanophotonics inside structured optical fibres', INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF OPTICS AND PHOTONICS, International Conference on Applications of Optics and Photonics, SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, Braga, PORTUGAL.
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Canning, J, Lau, A, Naqshbandi, M, Petermann, I & Crossley, MJ 1970, '&#x201C;Giant&#x201D; self-assembled mesostructured silica sphere characterised using a doped fluorophore and an AMOLED mobile screen as the excitation source', 2011 International Quantum Electronics Conference (IQEC) and Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) Pacific Rim incorporating the Australasian Conference on Optics, Lasers and Spectroscopy and the Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology, 2011 International Quantum Electronics Conference (IQEC) and Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) Pacific Rim, IEEE, pp. 1499-1501.
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Using the emission for the blue OLED component of a HTC Android Phone, a Rhodamine 123 doped silica mesostructured shell, fabricated by evaporative self-assembly on a super hydrophobic surface, is excited with blue light and the fluorescence image taken. The results demonstrate the potential of smart mobile platforms as optical hardware for portable and intelligent diagnostics as well as illustrating the fabrication of large mesostructured spheres. © 2011 IEEE.

Canning, J, Lindner, E, Cook, K, Chojetzki, C, Bruckner, S, Becker, M, Rothhardt, M, Bartelt, H & Chen, K 1970, 'Regeneration of gratings by post-H<inf>2</inf> loading', 2011 International Quantum Electronics Conference (IQEC) and Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) Pacific Rim incorporating the Australasian Conference on Optics, Lasers and Spectroscopy and the Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology, 2011 International Quantum Electronics Conference (IQEC) and Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) Pacific Rim, IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 142-144.
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Regeneration of two types of gratings is demonstrated using post-hydrogen loading. This increases the flexibility of the regeneration process by allowing access to gratings that are written with hydrogen and also reducing the demands for immediate regeneration after grating writing. © 2011 IEEE.

Canning, J, Lindner, E, Cook, K, Chojetzki, C, Brückner, S, Becker, M, Rothhardt, M, Bartelt, H & Chen, K 1970, 'Regeneration of gratings by post-H2 loading', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, pp. 142-144.
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Regeneration of two types of gratings is demonstrated using post-hydrogen loading. This increases the flexibility of the regeneration process by allowing access to gratings that are written with hydrogen and also reducing the demands for immediate regeneration after grating writing. © 2011 AOS.

Canning, J, Padden, W, Boskovic, D, Naqshbandi, M, Costanzo, L, de Bruyn, H, Sum, HT & Crossley, MJ 1970, 'Self-Assembly and Nanotechnology within an Optical Fibre For Improved Evanescent Field Sensing', 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS, International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors (OFS).
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The self-assembly of TiO 2 nanoparticles is used to create a high index layer within a structured optical fibre. We show both experimentally (using a novel porphyrin probe) and theoretically that this approach leads to more than order of magnitude enhanced localisation of the optical field at the layer-air interface of the hole, both through edge localisation and through novel resonance localisation as a result of a ring resonator whispering gallery modes. © 2011 Copyright Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

Carmichael, MG & Dikai Liu 1970, 'Towards using musculoskeletal models for intelligent control of physically assistive robots', 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, MA, pp. 8162-8165.
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With the increasing number of robots being developed to physically assist humans in tasks such as rehabilitation and assistive living, more intelligent and personalized control systems are desired. In this paper we propose the use of a musculoskeletal model to estimate the strength of the user, from which information can be utilized to improve control schemes in which robots physically assist humans. An optimization model is developed utilizing a musculoskeletal model to estimate human strength in a specified dynamic state. Results of this optimization as well as methods of using it to observe muscle-based weaknesses in task space are presented. Lastly potential methods and problems in incorporating this model into a robot control system are discussed.

Casanovas, M & Merigo, JM 1970, 'A new decision making method with uncertain induced aggregation operators', 2011 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Multicriteria Decision-Making (MDCM), 2011 Ieee Symposium On Computational Intelligence In Multicriteria Decision-Making - Part Of 17273 - 2011 Ssci, IEEE, pp. 151-158.
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We introduce a new decision making method based on the use of uncertain induced aggregation operators, probabilities and weighted averages. We present the uncertain induced probabilistic ordered weighted averaging weighted averaging (UIPOWAWA) operator. It is a new aggregation operator that provides a parameterized family of aggregation operators between the minimum and the maximum in a unified framework between the probability, the weighted average and the induced ordered weighted averaging (IOWA) operator. Moreover, it also uses uncertain information that can be represented with interval numbers. We study some of its main properties and particular cases including the uncertain induced probabilistic OWA (UIPOWA), the uncertain induced OWA (UIOWA) and the uncertain weighted average (UWA). We also develop an application in multi-person decision making regarding the selection of fiscal policies. © 2011 IEEE.

Chaczko, Z & Aslanzadeh, S 1970, 'C2EN: Anisotropic Model of Cloud Computing', 2011 21st International Conference on Systems Engineering, 2011 21st International Conference on Systems Engineering (ICSEng), IEEE, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 467-473.
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In Cloud computing, due to non-locale and a multi-tenancy of services and resources, there is a need for sophisticated methods for the metering of efficiency, availability and utilisation of services and resources. Setup and management of computing infrastructure, that is in a state of constant flux, related uncertainties of the state of individual elements as well as levels of their usage per application or user on an hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly basis - pose serious challenges. This paper describes how the Anisotropic Network concept, with its mathematical apparatus, can be adopted to model, monitor and manage usage of the cloud computing resources and services seen as an elastic network of interacting elements that are in a constant motion. Various aspects of service utilisation prediction and anisotropic resource movements related to the novel Cloud Computing Elastic Network (C2EN) model will be discussed in the context of a mathematical model and experimental results of simulations.

Chaczko, Z, Aslanzadeh, S & Klempous, R 1970, 'Development of software with cloud computing in 3TZ collaborative team environment', 7th International Conference on Broadband Communications and Biomedical Applications, 2011 6th International Conference on Broadband and Biomedical Communications (IB2Com), IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 318-323.
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In the global economy, we have seen a decrease in the barriers towards communication across the globe along with an increase of service availability to support this communication. Software development is one discipline that is capable of effectively utilizing and benefiting from global collaboration prospect lent by ever increasing capability of information and communication technology. 24-hour continues development is ideal for application towards tasks that have hard-deadlines or require work completed as soon as possible. This article will mainly focus on introducing 24/7 global models that can be applied in cloud environment used in three different time zones. The case study related to developing agricultural software has been investigated in this article.

Chaczko, Z, Chiu, C, Aslanzadeh, S & Dune, T 1970, 'Software Infrastructure for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks.', ICSEng, International Conference on Systems Engineering, IEEE, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 474-479.
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In the development of large ad-hoc Wireless Sensor and Actuator Agent Networks (SANETS), a multitude of disparate problems are faced. In order for these networks to function, software must be able to effectively manage: unreliable dynamic distributed communication, the power constraints of un-wired devices, failure of hardware devices in hostile environments and the remote allocation of distributed processing tasks throughout the network. The solutions to these problems must be solved in a highly scalable manner. The paper describes the process of analysis of the requirements and presents a design of a service-oriented software infrastructure (middleware) solution for scalable ad-hoc networks, in a context of a system made of mobile sensors and actuators.

Chan, KY & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Analysis of RF MEMS integrated tunable high impedance surface at 60 GHz', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 562-565.
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This paper presents an analysis of tunable high impedance surface (HIS) integrated with RF MEMS varactors at 60 GHz. The HIS phase response with different number of RF MEMS varactors integrated with dipoles is shown. The effect of shifting RF MEMS varactors across the proposed dipoles and patches are highlighted. This paper provides a guideline for designing HIS integrated with RF MEMS varactors. It illustrates the significance of RF MEMS varactor location versus HIS phase response. © 2011 Engineers Australia.

Chan, KY, Dillon, TS, Kwong, CK, Ling, SH & IEEE 1970, 'Using Genetic Programming for Developing Relationship between Engineering Characteristics and Customer Requirements in New Products', 2011 6TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS (ICIEA), IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 526-531.
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In product planning, development of models of relationship between engineering characteristics and customer requirements in new products is an important process in quality function deployment (QFD), which is a widely used customer driven approach. In this paper, a methodology based on genetic programming (GP) is presented to generate a reliable model that can be used to predict the customer requirements from the engineering characteristics. The proposed GP based method, which has the capability to carry out simultaneous optimization of model relationship structures and parameters, is used to automatically generate accurate nonlinear models relating the two requirements. A case study of the digital camera design shows that the proposed GP based method produce a more accurate and interpretable models than the other commonly used methods, which ignore nonlinear terms in the model development. © 2011 IEEE.

Chan, KY, Dillon, TS, Ling, SH, Kwong, CK & IEEE 1970, 'Determination Of Process Conditions Of Epoxy Dispensing Processes Using A Genetic Algorithm Based Neural Fuzzy Networks', IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ 2011), IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 2253-2260.
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In this paper, process conditions of epoxy dispensing processes are determined by the proposed genetic algorithm based neural fuzzy networks, which consists of two tasks: a) the approach of neural fuzzy networks, which was shown to be better than the other existing approaches, is proposed to develop models in relating between process parameters and quality characteristics for the epoxy dispensing processes; b) the approach of genetic algorithm is used to determine process parameters with respect to pre-defined quality requirements based on the developed neural fuzzy network models. The results indicate that, based on the proposed genetic algorithm based neural fuzzy network, estimated process parameters can achieve specified requirements of microchip encapsulations with high and robust qualities.

Chan, KY, Dillon, TS, Ling, SH, Kwong, CK & IEEE 1970, 'Manufacturing Modeling Using An Evolutionary Fuzzy Regression', IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ 2011), IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 2261-2267.
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Fuzzy regression is a commonly used approach for modeling manufacturing processes in which the availability of experimental data is limited. Fuzzy regression can address fuzzy nature of experimental data in which fuzziness is not avoidable while carrying experiments. However, fuzzy regression can only address linearity in manufacturing process systems, but nonlinearity, which is unavoidable in the process, cannot be addressed. In this paper, an evolutionary fuzzy regression which integrates the mechanism of a fuzzy regression and genetic programming is proposed to generate manufacturing process models. It intends to overcome the deficiency of the fuzzy regression, which cannot address nonlinearities in manufacturing processes. The evolutionary fuzzy regression uses genetic programming to generate the structural form of the manufacturing process model based on tree representation which can address both linearity and onlinearities in manufacturing processes. Then it uses a fuzzy regression to determine outliers in experimental data sets. By using experimental data excluding the outliers, the fuzzy regression can determine fuzzy coefficients which indicate the contribution and fuzziness of each term in the structural form of the manufacturing process model. To evaluate the effectiveness of the evolutionary fuzzy regression, a case study regarding modeling of epoxy dispensing process is carried out.

Chang, J-Y, Lin, Y-Y, Han, M-F & Lin, C-T 1970, 'A functional-link based interval type-2 compensatory fuzzy neural network for nonlinear system modeling', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE 2011), 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 939-943.
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In this paper, the Functional-Link based Interval Type-2 Compensatory Fuzzy Neural Network (FLIT2CFNN) is a six-layer structure, which combines compensatory fuzzy reasoning method, and the consequent part is combined the proposed functional-link neural network with interval weights. The compensatory fuzzy reasoning method uses adaptive fuzzy operations of neuro-fuzzy systems that can make the fuzzy logic system more adaptive and effective. Initially, there is no rule in the FLIT2CFNN. A FLIT2CFNN is constructed using concurrent structure and parameter learning. The advantages of this learning algorithm are that it converges quickly and the obtained fuzzy rules are more precise. All of the antecedent part parameters and compensatory degree values are learned by gradient descent algorithm. Several simulation results show that the FLIT2CFNN achieves better performance than other feedforword type-1 and type-2 FNNs. © 2011 IEEE.

Chang, L, Yu, JX, Qin, L, Zhu, Y & Wang, H 1970, 'Finding information nebula over large networks.', CIKM, ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM, Glasgow, United Kingdom, pp. 1465-1474.
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Social and information networks have been extensively studied over years. In this paper, we concentrate ourselves on a large information network that is composed of entities and relationships, where entities are associated with sets of keyword terms (kterms) to specify what they are, and relationships describe the link structure among entities which can be very complex. Our work is motivated but is different from the existing works that find a best subgraph to describe how user-specified entities are connected. We compute information nebula (cloud) which is a set of top-K kterms P that are most correlated to a set of user-specified kterms Q, over a large information network. Our goal is to find how kterms are correlated given the complex information network among entities. The information nebula computing requests us to take all possible kterms into consideration for the top-K kterms selection, and needs to measure the similarity between kterms by considering all possible subgraphs that connect them instead of the best single one. In this work, we compute information nebula using a global structural-context similarity, and our similarity measure is independent of connection subgraphs. To the best of our knowledge, among the link-based similarity methods, none of the existing work considers similarity between two sets of nodes or two kterms. We propose new algorithms to find top-K kterms P for a given set of kterms Q based on the global structural-context similarity, without computing all the similarity scores of kterms in the large information network. We performed extensive performance studies using large real datasets, and confirmed the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.

Cheema, MA, Lin, X, Zhang, W & Zhang, Y 1970, 'Influence zone: Efficiently processing reverse k nearest neighbors queries', 2011 IEEE 27th International Conference on Data Engineering, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE 2011), IEEE, Hannover, Germany, pp. 577-588.
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Given a set of objects and a query q, a point p is called the reverse k nearest neighbor (RkNN) of q if q is one of the k closest objects of p. In this paper, we introduce the concept of influence zone which is the area such that every point inside this area is the RkNN of q and every point outside this area is not the RkNN. The influence zone has several applications in location based services, marketing and decision support systems. It can also be used to efficiently process RkNN queries. First, we present efficient algorithm to compute the influence zone. Then, based on the influence zone, we present efficient algorithms to process RkNN queries that significantly outperform existing best known techniques for both the snapshot and continuous RkNN queries. We also present a detailed theoretical analysis to analyse the area of the influence zone and IO costs of our RkNN processing algorithms. Our experiments demonstrate the accuracy of our theoretical analysis.

Chen, C-H, Lin, C-J & Lin, C-T 1970, 'An immune symbiotic evolution learning for compensatory neural fuzzy networks and its applications', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE 2011), 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 2819-2826.
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This study presents an efficient immune symbiotic evolution learning algorithm for the compensatory neural fuzzy network (CNFN). The proposed immune symbiotic evolution learning method (ISEL) includes three major components initial population, subgroup symbiotic evolution and immune system algorithm. The advantage of the proposed ISEL method are that the subgroup symbiotic evolution method uses the subgroup-based population to evaluate the fuzzy rules locally and the adopted immune system algorithm can accelerate the search and increase global search capacity. Finally, the simulation results have shown that the proposed CNFN-ISEL can outperform other methods. © 2011 IEEE.

Chen, L & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Novel Data Protection Model in Healthcare Cloud', 2011 IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications, Communication (HPCC), IEEE, Banff, AB, Canada, pp. 550-555.
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Abstract- deploying state-of-the-art technologies is vital and inevitable in healthcare industry to cope with emerging services such as healthcare resource sharing and integration, collaborative consultation, and electronic health record. Cloud computing allows simple and easy user access, coping with users' dynamic and elastic demands, providing metered usage for its resources and hence is increasingly being adopted by individual users as well as enterprise users. The Cloud is being considered as appropriate technology for future healthcare infrastructure. However, in order to use of Cloud services effectively, users' data and/or resource have to be transferred to the cloud side and this inevitably raises several serious issues concerning losing control of users' resource, data privacy protection, data ownership and security. This paper addresses security and privacy challenges in healthcare cloud by deploying a novel framework with CPRBAC (Cloud-based Privacy-aware Role Based Access Control) model for controllability, traceability of data and authorized access to system resources. Furthermore, the work seeks to develop a unique active auditing service that is capable of tracing, tracking, and triggering an alarm on any operation, data or policy violations in the Cloud environment.

Chen, L & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Towards Scalable, Fine-Grained, Intrusion-Tolerant Data Protection Models for Healthcare Cloud', 2011IEEE 10th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, 2011 IEEE 10th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), IEEE, Changsha, China, pp. 126-133.
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Despite cloud computing has been widely adopted by most industries, the healthcare industry still reveals a slow development in cloud-based solution due to the raising of user fear that their confidential health data or privacy would leak out in the cloud. To allay users' concern of data control, data ownership, security and privacy, we propose a robust data protection framework which is surrounded by a chain of protection schemes from access control, monitoring, to active auditing. The framework includes three key components which are Cloud-based Privacy-aware Role Based Access Control (CPRBAC) model, Triggerable Data File Structure (TDFS), and Active Auditing Scheme (AAS respectively. Our schemes address controllability, trace ability of data and authorize access to healthcare system resource. Data violation against access control policies can be proactively triggered to perform corresponding defense mechanisms. Our goal is to bring benefits of cloud computing to healthcare industries to assist them improve quality of service and reduce the cost of overall healthcare.

Chen, L & Zhang, C 1970, 'Semi-supervised Variable Weighting for Clustering', Proceedings of the 2011 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Proceedings of the 2011 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Mesa, Arizona, USA, pp. 863-871.
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Semi-supervised learning, which uses a small amount of labeled data in conjunction with a large amount of unlabeled data for training, has recently attracted huge research attention due to the considerable improvement in learning accuracy. In this work, we focus on semi- supervised variable weighting for clustering, which is a critical step in clustering as it is known that interesting clustering structure usually occurs in a subspace defined by a subset of variables. Besides exploiting both labeled and unlabeled data to effectively identify the real importance of variables, our method embeds variable weighting in the process of semi-supervised clustering, rather than calculating variable weights separately, to ensure the computation efficiency. Our experiments carried out on both synthetic and real data demonstrate that semi-supervised variable weighting signicantly improves the clustering accuracy of existing semi-supervised k-means without variable weighting, or with unsupervised variable weighting.

Chen, Q, Lin, W, Dou, W & Yu, S 1970, 'CBF: A Packet Filtering Method for DDoS Attack Defense in Cloud Environment', 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, 2011 IEEE 9th International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing (DASC), IEEE, pp. 427-434.
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Distributed Denial-of-Service attack (DDoS) is a major threat for cloud environment. Traditional defending approaches cannot be easily applied in cloud security due to their relatively low efficiency, large storage, to name a few. In view of this challenge, a Confidence-Based Filtering method, named CBF, is investigated for cloud computing environment, in this paper. Concretely speaking, the method is deployed by two periods, i.e., non-attack period and attack period. More specially, legitimate packets are collected at non-attack period, for extracting attribute pairs to generate a nominal profile. With the nominal profile, the CBF method is promoted by calculating the score of a particular packet at attack period, to determine whether to discard it or not. At last, extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the CBF method. The result shows that CBF has a high scoring speed, a small storage requirement and an acceptable filtering accuracy, making it suitable for real-time filtering in cloud environment. © 2011 IEEE.

Chen, S, Epps, J & Chen, F 1970, 'A comparison of four methods for cognitive load measurement', Proceedings of the 23rd Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OzCHI '11: The Annual Meeting of the Australian Special Interest Group for Computer Human Interaction, ACM, pp. 76-79.
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Recognizing users' cognitive load during tasks is among the most important considerations for adaptive automation and interface evaluation. This paper compares four methods of measuring user cognitive load, that is, subjective rating of task difficulty, task completion time, performance accuracy and eye activity based physiological measurement. In order to be practically useful, the measurement should be sensitive to task difficulty variation and accurately predict user cognitive load. In this study, we examined the sensitivity and accuracy of these measures for five levels of cognitive load. ANOVA tests and Gaussian mixture model classification results show that subjective rating of task difficulty is the most effective measure, meanwhile eye activity based measure is as sensitive and accurate as using task completion time to classify two or more cognitive load levels, but has the relative advantage of being a real time measure and not requiring a specific action. © 2011 ACM.

Chen, S, Epps, J, Ruiz, N & Chen, F 1970, 'Eye activity as a measure of human mental effort in HCI', Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces, IUI '11: 16th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, ACM, pp. 315-318.
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The measurement of a user's mental effort is a problem whose solutions may have important applications to adaptive interfaces and interface evaluation. Previous studies have empirically shown links between eye activity and mental effort; however these have usually investigated only one class of eye activity on tasks atypical of HCI. This paper reports on research into eight eye activity based features, spanning eye blink, pupillary response and eye movement information, for real time mental effort measurement. Results from an experiment conducted using a computer-based training system show that the three classes of eye features are capable of discriminating different cognitive load levels. Correlation analysis between various pairs of features suggests that significant improvements in discriminating different effort levels can be made by combining multiple features. This shows an initial step towards a real-time cognitive load measurement system in human-computer interaction. © 2011 ACM.

Chen, S, Nepal, S & Liu, R 1970, 'Secure Connectivity for Intra-cloud and Inter-cloud Communication', 2011 40th International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops, 2011 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops (ICPPW), IEEE, Taipei City, Taiwan, pp. 154-159.
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The cloud has become an attractive platform for enterprises to deploy and execute their business services for B2B collaborations. Naturally, some of the confidential B2B collaborations require secure tunnels to secure the messaging between the services that are deployed within the same cloud or different clouds. This article examines this issue by reviewing existing network security technologies and presenting an electronic contract based solution that provides a secure Connectivity as a Service (CaaS) for intra-cloud and inter-cloud communications with little or no configuration effort. © 2011 IEEE.

Chen, T, Chen, R, Jewart, C, Zhang, B, Canning, J, Cook, K & Chen, KP 1970, 'Thermally Regenerated Fiber Bragg-Grating in Twin-Air-Hole Microstructure Fiber for High Temperature Pressure Sensing', FIBER OPTIC SENSORS AND APPLICATIONS VIII, SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, SPIE, Orlando, Florida, United States.
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We present thermally regnenerated fiber Bragg grating in air-hole microstructured fibers for high temperature hydrostatic pressure sensing application. Saturated type I gratings were inscribed in hydrogen-loaded two-hole optical fibers using 248-nm KrF laser, and regenerated during annealing at 800°C. The fiber Bragg grating resonance wavelength shift and peak splits were studied as a function of external hydrostatic pressure from 15 psi to 2400 psi. The grating pressure sensor shows stable and reproducible operation up to 800°C. This paper demonstrates a multiplexible pressure sensor network technology for high temperature harsh environment using a single fiber feedthrough. © 2011 SPIE.

Chen, X, He, X, Yang, J & Wu, Q 1970, 'An effective document image deblurring algorithm', CVPR 2011, 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE, Colorado Springs, pp. 369-376.
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Deblurring camera-based document image is an important task in digital document processing, since it can improve both the accuracy of optical character recognition systems and the visual quality of document images. Traditional deblurring algorithms have been proposed to work for natural-scene images. However the natural-scene images are not consistent with document images. In this paper, the distinct characteristics of document images are investigated. We propose a content-aware prior for document image deblurring. It is based on document image foreground segmentation. Besides, an upper-bound constraint combined with total variation based method is proposed to suppress the rings in the deblurred image. Comparing with the traditional general purpose deblurring methods, the proposed deblurring algorithm can produce more pleasing results on document images. Encouraging experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.

Cheng, E, Burnett, IS & IEEE 1970, 'ON THE EFFECT OF AMR AND AMR-WB GSM COMPRESSION ON OVERLAPPED SPEECH FOR FORENSIC ANALYSIS', 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 1872-1875.
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The recent ubiquity of mobile telephony has posed the challenge of forensic speech analysis on compressed speech content. Whilst existing research studies have investigated the effect of mobile speech compression on speaker and speech parameters, this paper addresses the effect of speech compression on parameters when an interfering background speaker is present in clean and noisy conditions. Preliminary evaluations presented in this paper study the effect of the Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) and Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB) speech coders on the Linear Prediction (LP) speech spectrum, Line Spectral Frequencies (LSFs), and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs). Results indicate that due caution should be employed for the forensic analysis of mobile telephony speech: speech coder parameters are significantly degraded when an interfering speaker or noise is present, compared to parameters obtained from the main speaker alone. Moreover, at high SNR the speech parameters exhibit values that gradually transition from those ideally and independently obtained from the main speaker to those of the background speaker as the amplitude of the background interfering speaker increases. © 2011 IEEE.

Cheng, E, Davis, S, Burnett, I & Ritz, C 1970, 'An ambient multimedia user experience feedback framework based on user tagging and EEG biosignals', Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Semantic Ambient Media Experience, SAME 2011, in Conjunction with the 5th International Convergence on Communities and Technologies, pp. 61-66.
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Multimedia is increasingly accessed online and within social networks; however, users are typically limited to visual/auditory stimulus through media presented onscreen with accompanying audio over speakers. Whilst recent research studying additional ambient sensory multimedia effects recorded numerical scores of perceptual quality, the users' time-varying emotional response to the ambient sensory feedback is not considered. This paper thus introduces a framework to evaluate user ambient quality of multimedia experience and discover users' time-varying emotional responses through explicit user tagging and implicit EEG biosignal analysis. In the proposed framework, users interact with the media via discrete tagging activities whilst their EEG biosignal emotional feedback is continuously monitored in-between user tagging events with emotional states correlated with media content and tags. Copyright © (2011) by International Ambient Media Association (iAMEA).

Chin-Teng Lin, Chun-Ling Lin, Tzai-Wen Chiu, Jeng-Ren Duann & Tzyy-Ping Jung 1970, 'Effect of respiratory modulation on relationship between heart rate variability and motion sickness', 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, MA, USA, pp. 1921-1924.
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This study investigates the interplay among heart rate variability (HRV), respiration, and the severity of motion sickness (MS) in a realistic passive driving task. Although HRV is a commonly used metrically in physiological research or even believed to be a direct measure of sympathovagal activities, the results of MS-effected HRV remain mixed across studies. The goal of this study is to find the source of these contradicting results of HRV associated with MS. Experimental results of this study showed that the group trend of the low-frequency (LF) component and the LF/HF ratio increased and high-frequency (HF) component decreased significantly as self-reported MS level increased (p<0.001), consistent with a perception-driven autonomic response of the cardiovascular system. However, in one of the subjects, the relationship was reversed when individuals intentionally adjust themselves (deep breathing) to relieve the discomfort of MS during the experiments. It appears that the correlations between HRV and MS level were higher when individuals made fewer adjustments (the number of deep breathing) during the passive driving experiments.

Chotiprayanaku, P, Liu, D & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'An Extended Hand Movement Model for Haptic-Based Remote Operation of Infrastructure Maintenance Robots', 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2011), 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), Seoul, Korea, pp. 1196-1202.
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Chotiprayanakul, P, Liu, D & Paul, G 1970, 'Effect of View Distance and Movement Scale on Haptic-Based Teleoperation of Industrial Robots in Complex Environments', Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2011), International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), Seoul, Korea, pp. 1019-1024.
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Chotiprayanakul, P, Liu, D & Paul, G 1970, 'Effect of View Distance and Movement Scale on Haptic-Based Teleoperation of Industrial Robots in Complex Environments', 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2011), 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), Seoul, Korea, pp. 1019-1024.
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This paper presents the study on the effect of view distance and movement scale on performance of haptic based teleoperation of a sandblasting robot in complex steel bridge maintenance environments. The operational performance, measured by the Index of Performance (IP), is defined based on the speed and the control accuracy of the manipulator. View distance (i.e. the distance between a display space and an object movement space) and movement scale between hand movement and manipulator movement, which are normally selected empirically, have significant effect the performance. In this paper, an experimental approach is used for determining view distance and movement scale. The sandblasting robotic system is used as an example industrial application in the experiments. Results of the experiments show a range of the view distance and the movement scale that can improve the performance of haptic-based teleoperation of industrial robots in complex environments.

Chu, H-S, Kuo, B-C, Li, C-H & Lin, C-T 1970, 'A semisupervised feature extraction method based on fuzzy-type linear discriminant analysis', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE 2011), 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 1927-1932.
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Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a commonly used feature extraction (FE) method to resolve the Hughes phenomenon for classification. The Hughes phenomenon (also called the curse of dimensionality) is often encountered in classification when the dimensionality of the space grows and the size of the training set is fixed, especially in the small sampling size problem. Recent studies show that the spatial information can greatly improve the classification performance. Hence, for hyperspectral image classification, it is not only necessary to use the available spectral information but also to exploit the spatial information. In this paper, a semisupervised feature extraction method which is based on the scatter matrices of the fuzzy-type LDA and uses the semi-information is proposed. The experimental results on two hyperspectral images, the Washington DC Mall and the Indian Pine Site, show that the proposed method can yield a better classification performance than LDA in the small sampling size problem. © 2011 IEEE.

Concha, OP, Da Xu, RY, Moghaddam, Z & Piccardi, M 1970, 'HMM-MIO: An enhanced hidden Markov model for action recognition', CVPR 2011 WORKSHOPS, 2011 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPR Workshops), IEEE, Colorado Spring, CO, pp. 62-69.
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Generative models can be flexibly employed in a variety of tasks such as classification, detection and segmen- tation thanks to their explicit modelling of likelihood functions. However, likelihood functions are hard to model accurately in many real cases. In this paper, we present an enhanced hidden Markov model capable of dealing with the noisy, high-dimensional and sparse measurements typical of action feature sets. The modified model, named hid- den Markov model with multiple, independent observations (HMM-MIO), joins: a) robustness to observation outliers, b) dimensionality reduction, and c) processing of sparse observations. In the paper, a set of experimental results over the Weizmann and KTH datasets shows that this model can be tuned to achieve classification accuracy comparable to that of discriminative classifiers. While discriminative ap- proaches remain the natural choice for classification tasks, our results prove that likelihoods, too, can be modelled to a high level of accuracy. In the near future, we plan extension of HMM-MIO along the lines of infinite Markov models and its integration into a switching model for continuous human action recognition.

Conneely, M, Rolfsnes, HO, McGloin, D, Main, C & Campbell, PA 1970, 'Role of mirror dynamics in determining the accuracy of framing rate in an ultra high speed rotating mirror camera', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, SPIE, San Diego, CA.
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Coorey, BP & Jupp, JR 1970, 'PARAMETRIC MODELLING AND DESIGN PROCESES Exploring synthesis and evaluation using a Function-Behaviour-Structure perspective', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN RESEARCH IN ASIA (CAADRIA 2011), Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA) annual conference, The Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia, The University of Newcastle, Australia, pp. 39-48.
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In an attempt to extend our understanding of the design process in the context of computational parametric design tools, this paper explores the relationship between and interaction of synthesis and evaluation. In establishing the importance of their coupling in parametric design the paper then explores its consequence on the design process relative to existing models of designing. A tension between designing as planning, search and exploration in parametric design is highlighted together with a conceptual framework, which draws from a situated Function-Behaviour-Structure model of design. The purpose of the framework is to facilitate these different modes of designing and is targeted at the use of parametric tools.

Corney, M, Lister, R & Teague, D 1970, 'Early Relational Reasoning and the Novice Programmer: Swapping as the 'Hello World' of Relational Reasoning', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society, Perth, Australia, pp. 95-104.
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We report on a longitudinal research study of the development of novice programmers in their first semester of programming. In the third week, almost half of our sample of students could not answer an explain-inplain-English question, for code consisting of just three assignment statements, which swapped the values in two variables. We regard code that swaps the values of two variables as the simplest case of where a programming student can manifest a SOLO relational response. Our results demonstrate that the problems many students face with understanding code can begin very early, on relatively trivial code. However, using traditional programming exercises, these problems often go undetected until late in the semester. New approaches are required to detect and fix these problems earlier. © 2011, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Cornforth, DJ, Berry, A & Moore, T 1970, 'Building a microgrid laboratory', 8th International Conference on Power Electronics - ECCE Asia, ECCE Asia (ICPE 2011- ECCE Asia), IEEE, pp. 2035-2042.
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Microgrids are local area power systems, and are attracting increased attention due to their potential to provide a solution to integrate renewable energy into the wider grid. In order to facilitate experimental research, a microgrid laboratory has been built by CSIRO in Australia. Experiments have been carried out which investigate issues of integrating distributed generation, including renewable energy, into the electricity network. This paper describes some of the challenges involved in setting up such a facility and provides examples of experimental results. This facility is unique in its incorporation of three types of solar PV technologies, two types of wind power, three types of battery storage, and a programmable load bank. The availability of a flexible facility such as this is essential in advancing the science in this area, and is leading to valuable insights into microgrid operation. © 2011 IEEE.

Crews, KI, Buchanan, AH, Quenneville, P & Pampanin, S 1970, 'Development of High Performance Structural Timver Systems for Non Residential Buildings in New Zealand and Australia', Procedia Engineering, Structural Engineering and Construction Conference, Elsevier BV, Hong Kong, pp. 1582-1589.
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Design of structural systems for commercial and multi-residential buildings throughout most parts of the world, is currently dominated by the use of reinforced and / or prestressed concrete construction, usually supported by steel or concrete beams and frames. However, recent developments throughout the world have demonstrated the potential for timber based structural systems to be used in these types of buildings for beams and columns, roof structures and floors. The advent of engineered wood products (EWP's) such as LVL and glulam has made it possible to fabricate large section, long spanning structural members that have excellent structural properties and reliability equivalent to that of steel or concrete used in the same applications. Since 2007, significant (and related) research initiatives have been undertaken in Australia and New Zealand, investigating the performance of timber and timber hybrid systems for use in large span / medium rise commercial and industrial buildings. In 2009 a research consortium of government, industry and three Universities known as the Structural Timber Innovation Company (STIC) commenced an extensive R&D 5 year program with a total budget of $10m NZD

Cunha, I, Teixeira, R, Veitch, D & Diot, C 1970, 'Predicting and tracking internet path changes', Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2011 conference, SIGCOMM '11: ACM SIGCOMM 2011 Conference, ACM, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, pp. 122-133.
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This paper investigates to what extent it is possible to use traceroute-style probing for accurately tracking Internet path changes. When the number of paths is large, the usual traceroute based approach misses many path changes because it probes all paths equally. Based on empirical observations, we argue that monitors can optimize probing according to the likelihood of path changes. We design a simple predictor of path changes using a nearest neighbor model. Although predicting path changes is not very accurate, we show that it can be used to improve probe targeting. Our path tracking method, called DTrack, detects up to two times more path changes than traditional probing, with lower detection delay, as well as providing complete load-balancer information.

Dackermann, U, Li, J, Samali, B, Choi, F & Crews, KI 1970, 'Damage Severity Assessment of Timber Bridges using Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)', International Conference on Structural Health Assessment of Timber Structures, International Conference on Structural Health Assessment of Timber Structures, Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Lisbon, pp. 63-71.
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This paper presents a novel vibration-based technique that utilises changes in frequency response functions (FRFs) to assess advancement of damage in timber bridges. In the proposed method, damage patterns embedded in FRF data are extracted and analysed by using a combination of principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques for estimation of severity levels of damage. To demonstrate the method, it is applied to a laboratory four-girder timber bridge, which is gradually inflicted with accumulative damage at different locations and severities. To extract damage features in FRFs and to compress the large size of FRF data, FRFs are transferred to the principal component space adopting PCA techniques. PCA-compressed FRF data are then used as inputs to ANNs to identify severities of damage. The excellent severity predictions obtained from the ANNs show that FRF data can potentially be very good indicators for the assessment of damage advancements in timber bridges.

Davis, S, Cheng, E, Burnett, I & Ritz, C 1970, 'Multimedia user feedback based on augmenting user tags with EEG emotional states', 2011 Third International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience, 2011 Third International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2011), IEEE, Mechelen, Belgium, pp. 143-148.
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Efficient content-based access to large multimedia collections requires annotations that are human-meaningful, and user tagging of media is one means to obtain such semantic metadata. Tags can also act as user feedback essential for quality of multimedia experience assessment; however, tags can lack user context and become ambiguous between different users. Further, user tagging is a deliberate and discrete event where a user's response to the media can significantly vary in-between tagging events. This paper extends upon the authors' social multimedia adaptation framework to explore the use of EEG biosignals obtained from consumer EEG headsets to form context around explicit tagging activities and as user emotional feedback in-between user tagging events. Preliminary user studies investigating grouped participant responses indicate the most indicative emotional states to be short-term excitement, engagement and frustration in addition to gyroscope information. © 2011 IEEE.

Dehestani, D, Nguyen, H, Eftekhari, F, Madadnia, J, Su, S & Guo, Y 1970, 'Comprehensive Mathematical Modeling and Dynamic Simulation of Fixed Bed Reactor with Finite Element Method', Modelling and Simulation, Modelling and Simulation, ACTAPRESS, pp. 63-70.
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Wall cooled catalytic fixed bed reactors are commonplace in the process industries. In the case of reactions with high exothermic heat effects substantial radial and axial temperature gradients develop within the packed tubes. Accurate determination of the location and magnitude of the hotspot temperature is essential for the design, operation and control of such reactors. A transient 2D pseudo homogeneous model of a jacketed tubular fixed reactor is developed in this study. The transient model equations can be solved efficiently using the finite element technique. The model is validated against pilot plant scale and industrial scale data. The model developed in this study can accurately predict the experimental axial profiles at both the pilot and the industrial scales. The model developed in this study can be put to good use for model predictive control of the phthalic anhydride reactor and the development of safe start-up and shut-down procedures to avoid the formation of explosive mixtures. The transient 2D pseudo homogeneous model developed in this study can be used to analyze and optimize the long term operation of such deactivating fixed beds.

Deng, W, Jin, D, Drozdowicz-Tomsia, K, Yuan, J, Wu, J & Goldys, EM 1970, 'Plasmonic Ag/SiO 2 composite nanoparticles doped with europium chelate and their metal enhanced fluorescence', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE BiOS, SPIE, USA.
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We report silver nanostructure-enhanced fluorescence of a europium (Eu) chelate, BHHCT-Eu-DPBT, which was covalently bound in Ag/SiO 2 nanocomposites. This design enhances the europium signal intensity by more than one order of magnitude, and accelerates the decay time from 0.3 ms down to 60 microseconds, at low excitation conditions. These nanocomposites were bright enough to be observed in time-gated fluorescence microscopy under 365 nm LED excitation. The increased brightness and reduced lifetime of such fluorescent core-shell nanocomposites will enhance their applicability for ultrasensitive bioassays and bioimaging, especially with time-gating. © 2011 SPIE.

Devitt, SJ, Stephens, AM, Munro, WJ & Nemoto, K 1970, 'The optical quantum computer: how big and how fast?', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, SPIE, San Diego, CA.
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Diao, C, Zhou, Q & Zhou, JL 1970, 'Growth Responses and Phytoremediation Characteristics of Mirabilis Jalapa L. in Benzo[a]pyrene and Pyrene Co-contaminated Soils', Proceedings for the Conference on Advances in Computer Science, Intelligent System and Environment, Conference on Advances in Computer Science, Intelligent System and Environment, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Guangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 397-403.
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Ding, Y, Wu, J, Zhou, H, Feng, P, Liu, B & Gui, L 1970, 'A self-awareness routing scheme with power control for underlay spectrum sharing networks', 2011 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP), Signal Processing (WCSP 2011), IEEE.
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Dynamic spectrum sharing technology through the underlay approach in cognitive radio systems is becoming one of the most important issues to improve the spectrum utilization. In this paper, we first introduce a novel routing selection scenario for underlay spectrum sharing network. The scenario consists of three parts: spectrum management network (SMN), secondary user network (SUN) and primary user network (PUN). Through the spectrum information collection in SMN and the spectrum related information exchange between the SMN and SUN in a common channel, the underlay model can avoid the interference to the PUN as much as possible. To better establish an effective and practical routing selection model in SUN and minimize the interference to PUN, we propose a self-awareness routing (SAR) scheme, based on the power control approach and the router capacity metric. The simulation results validate that SAR can achieve a high level performance not only in the routing quality, but also in the minimization of the interference to the PUN. © 2011 IEEE.

Dissanayake, G, Huang, S, Wang, Z & Ranasinghe, R 1970, 'A review of recent developments in Simultaneous Localization and Mapping', 2011 6th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, 2011 IEEE 6th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS), IEEE, Sri Lanka, pp. 477-482.
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Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) problem has been an active area of research in robotics for more than a decade. Many fundamental and practical aspects of SLAM have been addressed and some impressive practical solutions have been demonstrated. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of the current state of the research on feature based SLAM, in particular to examine the current understanding of the fundamental properties of the SLAM problem and associated issues with the view to consolidate recent achievements.

Dong, X, Zheng, Z, Cao, L, Zhao, Y, Zhang, C, Li, J, Wei, W & Ou, Y 1970, 'e-NSP: efficient negative sequential pattern mining based on identified positive patterns without database rescanning.', CIKM, ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM, Glasgow, Scotland, UK, pp. 825-830.
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Mining Negative Sequential Patterns (NSP) is much more challenging than mining Positive Sequential Patterns (PSP) due to the high computational complexity and huge search space required in calculating Negative Sequential Candidates (NSC). Very few approaches are available for mining NSP, which mainly rely on re-scanning databases after identifying PSP. As a result, they are very ine?cient. In this paper, we propose an e?cient algorithm for mining NSP, called e-NSP, which mines for NSP by only involving the identi?ed PSP, without re-scanning databases. First, negative containment is de?ned to determine whether or not a data sequence contains a negative sequence. Second, an e?cient approach is proposed to convert the negative containment problem to a positive containment problem. The supports of NSC are then calculated based only on the corresponding PSP. Finally, a simple but e?cient approach is proposed to generate NSC. With e-NSP, mining NSP does not require additional database scans, and the existing PSP mining algorithms can be integrated into e-NSP to mine for NSP e?ciently. eNSP is compared with two currently available NSP mining algorithms on 14 synthetic and real-life datasets. Intensive experiments show that e-NSP takes as little as 3% of the runtime of the baseline approaches and is applicable for efficient mining of NSP in large datasets.

Dong, YF, Kanhere, S, Chou, CT & Ren Ping Liu 1970, 'Automatic image capturing and processing for PetrolWatch', 2011 17th IEEE International Conference on Networks, 2011 17th IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON), IEEE, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 236-240.
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In our previous work [1], we proposed a Participatory Sensing (PS) architecture called PetrolWatch to collect and share fuel prices from camera images of road-side price board (billboard) of service (or gas) stations. A key part of the PetrolWatch architecture, and the main focus of this paper, is the automatic billboard image capture from a moving car without user intervention. We develop the system design and implementation of the automatic image collection for PetrolWatch. Capturing a clear image by an unassisted mobile phone from a moving car is proved to be a challenge by our street driving experiments. We design the camera control and image pre-selection schemes to address this challenge. In particular, we leverage the advanced capabilities of modern mobile phones to design an acceptable camera triggering range and set the camera focus accordingly. Experiment results show that our design improve fuel price extraction rate by more than 40%. To deal with blurred images caused by vehicle vibrations, we design a set of pre-selection thresholds based on the measures from embedded accelerometer of the mobile phone. Our experiments show that our pre-selection improves the system efficiency by eliminating 78.57% of the blurred images. © 2011 IEEE.

Doss, R, Zhou, W, Yu, S & Gao, L 1970, 'A novel mutual authentication scheme with minimum disclosure for RFID systems', 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), IEEE, pp. 544-549.
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In this paper we present a novel approach to authentication and privacy in RFID systems based on the minimum disclosure property and in conformance to EPC Class-1 Gen-2 specifications. We take into account the computational constraints of EPC Class-1 Gen-2 passive RFID tags and only the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and pseudo random number generator (PRNG) functions that passive RFID tags are capable of are employed. Detailed security analysis of our scheme shows that it can offer robust security properties in terms of tag anonymity and tag untraceability while at the same time being robust to replay, tag impersonation and desynchronisation attacks. Simulations results are also presented to study the scalability of the proposed scheme and its impact on authentication delay. © 2011 IEEE.

Dovey, KA 1970, 'The Promise of Crisis: Dangerous Learning in Turbulent Contexts', OLKC 2011: Making Waves, Organizational Learning and Knowledge Capabilities, Hull University Business School, Hull, United Kingdom, pp. 36-53.
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In this paper, I outline a pilot project aimed at exploring creativity and innovation within the South African creative industries. Interviews with eleven people who have deep knowledge of these industries delivered an insightful perspective on the contextual factors driving creativity and its realization in innovative outcomes within these industries; factors that align well with those identified in the creativity and innovation research literature.

Dowling, DG & Hadgraft, RG 1970, 'A systematic consultation process to define graduate outcomes for engineering disciplines', RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION SYMPOSIUM, Research in Engineering Education Symposium, UNIV POLITECNICA MADRID, Univ Politecnica Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN, pp. 552-561.
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In many countries around the world, there is considerable interest in the development of robust learning outcomes for engineering and other higher education programs. These outcomes underpin the accreditation systems operated by ABET, Engineers Australia, IPENZ, EUR-ACE and the Washington Accord members. In addition, many national governments are developing quality assurance processes that will require university programs to deliver an agreed set of learning outcomes. This paper addresses the development of a systematic, data-driven methodology to develop such learning outcomes.

Durao, F, Bayyapu, K, Guandong Xu, Dolog, P & Lage, R 1970, 'Using Tag-Neighbors for Query Expansion in Medical Information Retrieval', 2011 International Conference on Information Science and Applications, 2011 International Conference on Information Science and Applications (ICISA 2011), IEEE, Jeju Island, South Korea.
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In the context of medical document retrieval, users often under-specified queries lead to undesired search results that suffer from not containing the information they seek, inadequate domain knowledge matches and unreliable sources. To overcome the limitations of under-specified queries, we utilize tags to enhance information retrieval capabilities by expanding users' original queries with context-relevant information. We compute a set of significant tag neighbor candidates based on the neighbor frequency and weight, and utilize the most frequent and weighted neighbors to expand an entry query that has terms matching tags. The proposed approach is evaluated using MedWorm medical article collection and standard evaluation methods from the text retrieval conference (TREC). We compared the baseline of 0.353 for Mean Average Precision (MAP), reaching a MAP 0.491 (+39%) with the query expansion. In-depth analysis shows how this strategy is beneficial when compared with different ranks of the retrieval results. © 2011 IEEE.

Dylan Dah-Chuan Lu & Wenfei Wang 1970, 'Bridgeless power factor correction circuits with voltage-doubler configuration', 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS 2011), IEEE, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 1037-1042.
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This paper presents a generalized approach to deriving single-phase power factor correction (PFC) circuits with bridgeless and voltage-doubler structures. The approach requires two dc/dc converters connected in a parallel-input series-output manner. Compared to conventional full-bridge diode rectified PFC circuit, which has two diodes along the input current path, the PFC circuits derived by this approach have one diode only, hence reducing the converter losses. Through the proposed approach, some recently reported bridgeless PFC circuits have been identified and new possible combinations can be generated. A design example of dual buck dc/dc converters operating in discontinuous-input- voltage mode (DIVM) is presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach. © 2011 IEEE.

Eastwood, M & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Model level combination of tree ensemble hyperboxes via GFMM', 2011 Eighth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD), 2011 Eighth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD 2011), IEEE, pp. 443-447.
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An ensemble of decision trees defines an overlapping set of hyperboxes. These hyperboxes in turn define a disjoint set of hyperboxes each with an associated vector of individual decisions. These vectors can be used to robustly label the hyperboxes by class, or to define soft labels. We sample from these hyperboxes and use them to build a single classifier within the General Fuzzy Min-Max (GFMM) framework that gains information from many different resamplings of the data through the ensemble from which it is built. This method is found to build robust GFMM models, with improved performance on most datasets compared to the basic GFMM. © 2011 IEEE.

Eccleston, K & Esselle, K 1970, 'Message from the technical program Co-chairs', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC.

Eklund, JM, Catley, C, McGregor, C & James, A 1970, 'Detection of Apnoea in Newborn Infants using Impedance Respiratory Wave Data', Imaging and Signal Processing in Healthcare and Technology, Imaging and Signal Processing in Healthcare and Technology, ACTAPRESS, pp. 90-94.
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Apnoea is a serious condition that occurs frequently in prematurely born infants as well as other patients requiring critical care. At least while in the intensive care environment, these patients are provided with constant care assisted by modern medical monitoring systems. The systems record continuous data from each patient, however most of these data are not used except when a care provider observes the device directly, or when an alert - that is used to draw the attention of those same providers - is generated. This paper explores how these continuous data streams can be used in real-time to provide better alert mechanisms and diagnostics, with particular focus on the impedance respiratory waveform, a high rate physiological stream that measures the expansion and contraction of the patient's chest and is traditionally used to determine the respiratory rate. The direct use of this data stream is compared to the derived respiratory rate as a means to estimate the onset of a suspected case of apnoea.

Elson, KM, Tipper, JL, Kirkham, J, Hall, RM & Ingham, E 1970, 'In si