Publications

Bagia, R, Eager, DM & Walmsley, M 2011, Project Management for Engineers, 1, McGrawHill Australia Pty.Ltd., Australia.
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A textbook for Undergraduate and postgraduate students of project management

Bagia, R, Eager, DM & Walmsley, M 2011, Project Management in Engineering and Information Technology, 1st, McGraw-Hill, Sydney, Australia.

Cameron, I, Crosthwaite, C, Shallcross, D, Hadgraft, R, Dalvean, J, Maynard, N, Tade, M, Kavanagh, J & Lukey, G 2011, Addressing interdisciplinary process engineering design, construction and operations through 4D virtual environments.
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An interactive and immersive learning environment that will allow students to explore the design, construction, commissioning and operation stages of processing facilities is being developed. The learning environment makes use of a series spherical images captured across not only the facility site but also across the construction and operation period that allow students to investigate the design evolution of a particular spatial area through time by moving up and down in the time frame. It is intended to allow students to learn how engineers from a range of disciplines work together on key issues and decisions required for that part of the design. Interviews with key engineering personnel and project stakeholders will permit the students to explore the reasoning behind critical design decisions. Four learning environments are being developed and include the construction of a bulk liquid storage facility in Brisbane, a sewage treatment facility in Melbourne, a weighbridge at a truck service centre in Melbourne and the demolition of an engineering building in Brisbane followed by the construction of a new "live" building. This paper explores how it is envisaged that the learning environments will be implemented and how they will be used in practice in the class room. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Hazelton, PA & Murphy, B 2011, Understanding soils in urban environments, 1, CSIRO Publishing, Australia.
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Soils have traditionally been viewed and examined from an agricultural perspective - the importance of soil functions in urban situations is often overlooked. This book introduces a better understanding of soils in an urban environment. It explains what soils are, describes their significant properties and discusses how soils can influence and be influenced by human activities. It acknowledges the link between soils and ecological sustainability in the urban environment, and discusses the effect of climate change on soils in a variety of situations. The reference list at the end of each chapter provides a starting point from which more detailed and technical information can be found.

Jakovich, J, Schweitzer, J, Brookes, WC, Edwards, M, Jupp, JR, Kirchner, NG & Nikolova, N 2011, U.lab - It's about you: An Emerging Interdisciplinary Framework for Innovation Projects, 1, DAB Documents Faculty of Design, Architecture & Building University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Design thinking aims to capture designers' creativity-driven approach to innovation that can be applied to anything from physical products and intangible services, to formulating and solving complex social problems. Design thinking promotes a particular mind-set that takes the user experience, or a human-centred perspective, as point of departure. While research into the application of design thinking to business problems is well documented, the utilisation of design thinking in university innovation is limited to few cases, and requires better understanding of how to establish design thinking capacity in an academic collaboration context. This research establishes an interdisciplinary design thinking framework at the University of Technology, Sydney, that forms the basis for three experimental projects. New design thinking tools, such as '5X5' and 'faceboard', are developed and a novel public and university innovation program is tested over ten repeated scenarios. The design thinking framework can be adopted for practice and further research. This volume documents the first-steps taken by a cross-faculty university group towards developing an interdisciplinary innovation capacity. It demonstrates how through trialling the practices and methods of design thinking, a deep appreciation of designing, thinking, and practicing creativity emerges across non-design participants. Diverse disciplinary backgrounds and perspectives are illustrated as a source of opportunity to address complex teaching and research challenges. 'U.Lab - It's About You' is published by DAB Docs, University of Technology, Sydney.

Law, S-S & Zhu, X-Q 2011, Moving Loads – Dynamic Analysis and Identification Techniques Structures and Infrastructures Book Series, CRC Press.
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This volume provides a comprehensive treatment on this topic with the vehicle-bridge system for an illustration of the moving load problem.

Lin, W, Tao, D, Kacprzyk, J, Li, Z, Izquierdo, E & Wang, H 2011, Studies in Computational Intelligence: Preface.

Wang, Z, Huang, S & Dissanayake, G 2011, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping: Exactly Sparse Information Filters, 1, World Scientific Publishing, Singapore.
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Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is a process where an autonomous vehicle builds a map of an unknown environment while concurrently generating an estimate for its location. This book is concerned with computationally efficient solutions to the large scale SLAM problems using exactly sparse Extended Information Filters (EIF). The invaluable book also provides a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the properties of the information matrix in EIF-based algorithms for SLAM. Three exactly sparse information filters for SLAM are described in detail, together with two efficient and exact methods for recovering the state vector and the covariance matrix. Proposed algorithms are extensively evaluated both in simulation and through experiments.

Xu, G, Zhang, Y & Li, L 2011, Web Mining and Social Networking - Techniques and Applications, 1, Springer, Germany.
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This book examines the techniques and applications involved in the Web Mining, Web Personalization and Recommendation and Web Community Analysis domains, including a detailed presentation of the principles, developed algorithms, and systems of the research in these areas. The applications of web mining, and the issue of how to incorporate web mining into web personalization and recommendation systems are also reviewed. Additionally, the volume explores web community mining and analysis to find the structural, organizational and temporal developments of web communities and reveal the societal sense of individuals or communities. The volume will benefit both academic and industry communities interested in the techniques and applications of web search, web data management, web mining and web knowledge discovery, as well as web community and social network analysis.

Zhou, W, Cuzzocrea, A & Hobbs, M 2011, Message from the ADCN 2011 chairs.
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Ahmad, M, Dutkiewicz, E & Huang, X 2011, 'A survey of low duty cycle MAC protocols in wireless sensor networks' in Foerster, A & Foerster, A (eds), Emerging Communications for Wireless Sensor Networks, In-Tech, USA, pp. 5-90.
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This chapter examines various important low duty cycle MAC protocols and the two most important MAC protocols designed specifically for cooperative Multiple-Input Multiple- Output (MIMO) transmission. In most cases, the low duty cycle MAC protocols trade off latency for energy efficient operation. Also, we can observe later that asynchronous MAC protocols are more scalable than synchronous MAC protocols. On the one hand, when sensor nodes join or leave a group or a cluster, the MAC needs to resynchronise the network over and over in such protocols as LEACH and S-MAC. Frequent re-synchronisation can lead to higher energy consumption. The situation becomes more complex when global synchronisation is required instead of local synchronisation. Thus a balance must be made between frequent synchronisation and scalability in synchronous MAC protocol design. On the other hand, in some cases with asynchronous MAC, the higher scalability comes at the cost of higher transmission energy due to the implementation of a long preamble and overhearing in such protocols as RF Wake-up and B-MAC. However, the burden of long preamble transmission is reduced gradually by the introduction of short packet techniques such in SpeckMAC and X-MAC. Moreover, it is important to note that little attention has been paid to increasing the link reliability in SISO systems. The only mechanism used is the ACK packet feedback in protocols such IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and WiseMAC. The MIMO-LEACH and CMACON protocols provide measures to increase link reliability and at the same time reduce transmission power by exploiting spatial diversity gain. On the one hand, the MIMO-LEACH protocol employs a duty cycle mechanism through TDMA time slots assignments which reduces the total energy consumption. Furthermore, multihop communication between cluster heads is introduced to replace the direct communication which reduces further the total energy consumption. Also, collisions can be avoided with the distinct time s...

Ben-Nissan, B, Choi, AH, Green, DW, Latella, BA, Chou, J & Bendavid, A 2011, 'Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Nanocoatings by Sol-Gel Method for Clinical Applications' in Sam Zhang (ed), Biological and Biomedical Coatings Handbook: Processing and Characterization, CRC Press, United States, pp. 37-79.
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Nanostructured materials are associated with a diversity of uses within the medical field, for instance, in drug-delivery systems, regenerative medicine, formation of surgical tools, medical devices, and diagnostic systems. It has long been established that porous bulk hydroxyapatite (HAp) cannot be used for load-bearing applications due to its unfavorable mechanical properties. As a result, HAp has been used instead as a coating in orthopedic surgery on metallic alloys, metals giving the support required. Of the metallic alloys used, titanium-based and cobalt chromium alloys are the preferred materials for these HAp coatings for orthopedic and maxillofacial implants (Figure 2.1).

Bian, W & Tao, D 2011, 'Face Subspace Learning' in Li, SZ & Jain, AK (eds), Handbook of Face Recognition, Springer-Verlag London Ltd., London UK, pp. 51-77.
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Brown, SA, Tong, L, Luo, Q & Gong, XJ 2011, 'Mixed mode energy release rates for bonded composite joints' in Composite Joints and Connections, pp. 435-462.
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Analytical formulae developed by Luo and Tong (2009) to determine the mixed mode strain energy release rates of laminated and co-cured composite structures and joints are reviewed. The effects of varying loading conditions and geometries on the mode mixity found analytically are investigated via a parametric study. A critical evaluation of the analytical formulae indicates that the formulae are robust in calculating the total strain energy release rate, but may underestimate the mode II component compared with the finite element analysis and experimental results. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed, including the effect of stress concentrations and singularities at the crack tip. © 2011 Woodhead Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.

Canning, J 2011, 'Structured optical fibres and the application of their linear and non-linear properties' in Selected Topics in Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials, pp. 505-532.
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© 2011 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. Structured optical fibres are commonplace within optical research since many phenomena can, in the first instance, be localised and studied with greater ease within the confines of an optical waveguide, seemingly offering many alternative approaches to other existing technologies. However, this apparent ease has not translated to actual technology penetration beyond a few (but important) niche areas, with their superiority over existing technologies being unclear. Here, the linear and nonlinear properties possible with these structured fibres is reviewed and evaluated, both from a scientific and applied perspective. A case for citing complex and multiple functionality as an important motivation leading to future new technology is presented.

Chen, Y, Wu, Q & He, S 2011, 'Human Action Recognition Based on Radon Transform' in Lin, W, Tao, D, Kacprzyk, J, Li, Z, Izquierdo, E & Wang, H (eds), Studies in Computational Intelligence vol 346. Multimedia Analysis, Processing and Communications, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 369-389.
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A new feature description is used for human action representation and recognition. Features are extracted from the Radon transforms of silhouette images. Using the features, key postures are selected. Key postures are combined to construct an action template for each action sequence. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is applied to obtain low dimensional feature vectors. Different classification methods are used for human action recognition. Experiments are carried out based on a publicly available human action database.

Deng, C, Gao, X, Li, X & Tao, D 2011, 'Robust Image Watermarking Based on Feature Regions' in Lin, W, Tao, D, Kacprzyk, J, Li, Z, Izquierdo, E & Wang, H (eds), Studies in Computational Intelligence vol 346. Multimedia Analysis, Processing and Communications, Springer-Verlag Berlin / Heidelberg, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 111-137.
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Abstract. In image watermarking, binding the watermark synchronization with the local features has been widely used to provide robustness against geometric distortions as well as common image processing operations. However, in the existing schemes, the problems with random bending attack, nonisotropic scaling, general affine transformation, and combined attacks still remain difficult. In this chapter, we present and discuss the framework of the extraction and selection of the scale-space feature points.We then propose two robust image watermarking algorithms through synchronizing watermarking with the invariant local feature regions centered at feature points. The first algorithm conducts watermark embedding and detection in the affine covariant regions (ACRs). The second algorithm is combining the local circular regions (LCRs) with Tchebichef moments, and local Tchebichef moments (LTMs) are used to embed and detect watermark. These proposed algorithms are evaluated theoretically and experimentally, and are compared with two representative schemes. Experiments are carried out on a set of standard test images, and the preliminary results demonstrate that the developed algorithms improve the performance over these two representative image watermarking schemes in terms of robustness. Towards the overall robustness against geometric distortions and common image processing operations, the LTMs-based method has an advantage over the ACRs-based method.

Dyadyuk, V, Huang, X, Stokes, L, Pathikulangara, J, Weily, A, Nikolic, N, Bunton, J & Guo, Y 2011, 'Adaptive Antenna Arrays for Ad-Hoc Millimetre-Wave Wireless Communications' in Mutamed, K (ed), Advanced Trends in Wireless Communications, In-Tech, USA, pp. 93-116.
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New technologies that employ millimetre-wave frequency bands to achieve high speed wireless links are gaining more attention (Dyadyuk et. al., 2007, 2009b, 2010a; Hirata et. al., 2006; Lockie & Peck, 2009; Kasugi et. al., 2009; Wells, 2009) due to increasing demand for wideband wireless communications. Very wide uncongested spectrum is available in the E—bands (71-76 GHz and 81-86 GHz) recently allocated for wireless communications in USA, Europe, Korea, Russia and Australia. The E-band provides an opportunity for line-of – sight (LOS) links with higher data rates, well suited for fibre replacement and backhaul applications. Future mobile and ad-hoc communications networks will require higher bandwidth and longer range. An ad-hoc or mobile (e.g. inter-aircraft) network that relies on high gain antennas also requires beam scanning. Adaptive antenna arrays have found a wide rage of applications and are becoming essential parts of wireless communications systems (Abbaspour-Tamijani & Sarabandi, 2003; Do-Hong & Russer, 2004; Gross, 2005; Guo, 2004; Krim & Viberg, 1996; Mailloux, 2005, 2007; Rogstad et al., 2003; Singh et al., 2008). While the spectrum available in the millimetre-wave frequency bands enables multi-gigabit-per second data rates, the practically achievable communication range is limited by several factors. These include the higher atmospheric attenuation at these frequencies and limited output power of monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) (Doan et al., 2004; Dyadyuk et al., 2008a; Kasper et al., 2009; Floyd et al., 2007; Reynolds et. al., 2006; Vamsi et. al., 2005, Zirath et al., 2004) due to physical constraints. Therefore, the performance of the ad-hoc or mobile millimetre-wave networks requires enhancement by using spatial power combining antenna arrays.

Dyson, LE 2011, 'Indigenous Peoples on the Internet' in Consalvo, M & Ess, C (eds), The Handbook of Internet Studies, Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, UK, pp. 251-269.
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Ferguson, S, Martens, W & Cabrera, D 2011, 'Statistical Sonification for Exploratory Data Analysis' in Hermann, T, Hunt, A & Neuhoff, JG (eds), The Sonification Handbook, Logos Verlag Berlin GmBH, Berlin, Germany, pp. 175-196.
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At the time of writing, it is clear that more data is available than can be practically digested in a straightforward manner without some form of processing for the human observer. This problem is not a new one, but has been the subject of a great deal of practical investigation in many fields of inquiry. Where there is ready access to existing data, there have been a great many contributions from data analysts who have refined methods that span a wide range of applications, including the analysis of physical, biomedical, social, and economic data. A central concern has been the discovery of more or less hidden information in available data, and so statistical methods of data mining for `the gold in there have been a particular focus in these developments. A collection of tools that have been amassed in response to the need for such methods form a set that has been termed Exploratory Data Analysis [48], or EDA, which has become widely recognized as constituting a useful approach. The statistical methods employed in EDA are typically associated with graphical displays that seek to `tease out a structure in a dataset, and promote the understanding or falsification of hypothesized relationships between parameters in a dataset.

Gao, X, Wang, B, Tao, D & Li, X 2011, 'A unified tensor level set method for image segmentation' in Multimedia Analysis, Processing and Communication, Springer, Germany, pp. 217-238.
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This paper presents a new unified level set model for multiple regional image segmentation. This model builds a unified tensor representation for comprehensively depicting each pixel in the image to be segmented, by which the image aligns itself with a tensor field composed of the elements in form of high order tensor. Then the multi-phase level set functions are evolved in this tensor field by introducing a new weighted distance function. When the evolution converges, the tensor field is partitioned, and meanwhile the image is segmented. The proposed model has following main advantages. Firstly, the unified tensor representation integrates the information from Gaussian smoothed image, which results the model is robust against noise, especially the salt and pepper noise. Secondly, the local geometric features involved into the unified representation increase the weight of boundaries in energy functional, which makes the model more easily to detect the edges in the image and obtain better performance on non-homogenous images. Thirdly, the model offers a general formula for energy functional which can deal with the data type varying from scalar to vector then to tensor, and this formula also unifies single and multi-phase level set methods. We applied the proposed method to synthetic, medical and natural images respectively and obtained promising performance. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Gao, X, Wang, B, Tao, D & Li, X 2011, 'A Unified Tensor Level Set Method for Image Segmentation. Multimedia Analysis, Processing and Communications' in Lin, W, Tao, D, Kacprzyk, J, Li, Z, Izquierdo, E & Wang, H (eds), Studies in Computational Intelligence vol 346, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Berlin, pp. 217-238.
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This paper presents a new unified level set model for multiple regional image segmentation. This model builds a unified tensor representation for comprehensively depicting each pixel in the image to be segmented, by which the image aligns itself with a t

H.R. Pourghasemi, A..Goli Jirandeh 2011, 'Landslide hazard assessment using remote sensing data, GIS and weights-of-evidence model (South of Golestan Province, Iran)' in Advances in Biomedical Engineering, APEST 2012, pp. 30-36.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 2011, 'Extending Social Network Diagrams for Large Scale Collaboration' in Cruz-Cunha, MM, Goncalves, P, Lopes, N, Miranda, EM & Putnik, GD (eds), Handbook of Research on Business Social Networking, IGI Global, US, pp. 1-13.
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Business processes are becoming more collaborative in nature with the goal of sharing knowledge to create new products and services. Business enterprises are faced with providing communication systems to support the collaboration and capture the created knowledge. Most process design methodologies do not include collaboration as part of the design process. Most methodologies focus on business activities. Very few modelling techniques of collaboration are available for use in process design. Social networks are perhaps the best available diagrammatic representation, but it focuses more on informal communication rather than on the communication needed as part of peoples responsibilities with the business. This paper describes an extension of social networks to include business responsibilities. The extension is called enterprise social networks. The paper then shows how to integrate enterprise social networks into process design with the goal of developing a collaborative infrastructure to support enterprise wide collaboration.

Johir, MA 2011, 'Evaluation and comparison of seawater and brackish water pre-treatment, Membrane-Based Desalination: An Integrated Approach (MEDINA), IWA Publishing, UK, pp. 33-70.'.

Johir, MA, Orem, Y, Messalem, R, Ben-David, E, Herzberg, M, Kushmaro, A, Ji, X, Di Profio, G, Curcio, E, Drioli, E, Laroche, JF, Remize, P, Leparc, J, Vigneswaran, S, Chinu, KJ, Lee, J, Shon, H, Kandasamy, JK, Ye, Y, Sim, LN, Herulah, B, Chen, V, Fane, AC, Tansakul, C, Laborie, S & Cabassud, C 2011, 'Evaluation and comparison of seawater and brackish water pre-treatment' in Drioli, E, Criscuoli, A & Macedonio, F (eds), Membrane-Based Desalination: An Integrated Approach (MEDINA), IWA Publishing, UK, pp. 33-70.
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Johnston, AJ 2011, 'Almost Tangible Musical Interfaces' in Candy, L & Edmonds, E (eds), Interacting Art, Research and the Creative Practitioner, Libri Publishing, Faringdon, Oxfordshire, U.K, pp. 211-224.
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Primarily I see myself as a musician. Certainly Im a researcher too, but my research is with and for musicians and is inextricably bound up in the practice of performing. Research questions arise through the execution of, reflection upon and examination of performance. This is because Id like the findings of my research, and the performance works which are at the core of the work, to be interesting and relevant to other musicians and composers. As someone who put a lot of work into trying to be a good musician for quite some time, this feels like a natural way to operate. I understand how musicians think, I speak the language and I respect their skill and dedication. I dont for a moment propose that the practicebased research approach I will describe in this chapter is the one and only way to conduct research in this area. It is, however, an approach that has worked for me. It has enabled me to continue to work creatively, while also engaging in research grounded in an epistemology of practice.

Keshavarzy, A & Ball, JE 2011, 'Stochastic Nature of Flow Turbulence and Sediment Particle Entrainment over the Ripples at the Bed of Open Channel Using Image Processing Technique' in Faruk Bhuiyan (ed), Sediment Transport â Flow Processes and Morphology, In-Tech, Croatia, pp. 69-92.
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Lammers, T, Kersten, W & Skirde, H 2011, 'Entwicklung eines Kriterienkataloges zur strukturierten Allokation von Effekten der Modularisierung' in Modulstrategie in der Beschaffung - Konferenzband Konferenz der AutoUni am 18.11. 2010 in Wolfsburg, Logos Verlag.
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Wettbewerb und Effizienzstreben fuhren in der Automobilindustrie zu diversen Aktivitaten, die auf die Identifikation und die Hebung von Kostensenkungspotentialen abzielen.

Lee, J, Guan, H, Blumenstein, M & Loo, YC 2011, 'Improving the reliability of a bridge deterioration model for a decision support system using artificial intelligence' in Chan, T & thambiratnam, DP (eds), Structural Health Monitoring in Australia, Nova Science Publishers, USA, pp. 201-223.
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Bridge Management Systems (BMSs) have been developed since the early 1990s, as a decision support system (DSS) for effective Maintenance, Repair and Rehabilitation (MR & R) activities in a large bridge network. Historical condition ratings obtained from biennial bridge inspections are major resources for predicting future bridge deteriorations through BMSs. However, available historical condition ratings are very limited in all bridge agencies. This constitutes the major barrier for achieving reliable future structural performances. To alleviate this problem, a Backward Prediction Model (BPM) technique has been developed to help generate missing historical condition ratings. Its reliability has been verified using existing condition ratings obtained from the Maryland Department of Transportation, USA. This is achieved through establishing the correlation between known condition ratings and related non-bridge factors such as climate and environmental conditions, traffic volumes and population growth. Such correlations can then be used to determine the bridge condition ratings of the missing years. With the help of these generated datasets, the currently available bridge deterioration model can be utilized to more reliably forecast future bridge conditions. In this chapter, the prediction accuracy based on four and nine BPM-generated historical condition ratings as input data are also compared, using traditional bridge deterioration modeling techniques, i.e., deterministic and stochastic methods. The condition ratings are available. This implies that the BPM can be utilized to generate unavailable historical data, which is crucial for bridge deterioration models to achieve more accurate prediction results. Nevertheless, there are considerable limitations in the existing bridge deterioration models. Thus, further research is essential to improve the prediction accuracy of bridge deterioration models. ©2011 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.

Lowe, DB, Murray, SJ & Kong, X 2011, 'Wireless Sensor Resource Usage Optimisation Using Embedded State Predictors' in Obaidat, MS & Filipe, J (eds), e-Business and Telecommunications - ICETE 2009, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 320-331.
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The increasing prevalence and sophistication of wireless sensors is creating an opportunity for improving, or in many cases enabling, the real-time monitoring and control of distributed physical systems. However, whilst a major issue in the use of these sensors is their resource utilisation, there has only been limited consideration given to the interplay between the data sampling requirements of the control and monitoring systems and the design characteristics of the wireless sensors. In this paper we describe an approach to the optimization of the resources utilized by these devices based on the use of synchronized state predictors. By embedding state predictors into the sensors themselves it becomes possible for the sensors to predict their optimal sampling rate consistent with maintaining monitoring or control performance, and hence minimize the utilization of limited sensor resources such as power and bandwidth.

Ma, J, Zhang, G & Lu, J 2011, 'A Fuzzy Hierarchical Multiple Criteria Group Decision Support System - Decider - And Its Applications' in Kacprzyk, PJ (ed), Studies In Fuzziness And Soft Computing, Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 383-403.
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Decider is a Fuzzy Hierarchical Multiple Criteria Group Decision Support System (FHMC-GDSS) designed for dealing with subjective, in particular linguistic, information and objective information simultaneously to support group decision making particularly on evaluation. In this chapter, the fuzzy aggregation decision model, functions and structure of Decider are introduced. The ideas to resolve decision and evaluation problems we have faced in the development and application of Decider are presented. Two real applications of the Decider system are briefly illustrated. Finally, we discuss our further research in this area.

Madden, C & Piccardi, M 2011, 'System-Wide Tracking of Individuals' in Remagnino, P, Jain, LC & Monekosso, DN (eds), Innovations in Defence Support Systems 3: Intelligent Paradigms in Security, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 83-103.
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Tracking the movements of people around surveillance systems is becoming increasingly important in the current security conscious environment. This chapter discusses recent research to assist with tracking the movement of individuals throughout the full surveillance area, even when those views do not overlap and may be separated by significant distances. This is due to advances in tracking within a camera view, which allows feature models to be built of an individual. The feature models can include a range of shape, appearance, and transition features appropriate for use with surveillance footage. These may also utilise spatial information about the objects from both the real world and image planes to increase individual discriminitivity. These feature models can be combined and compared within a statistical framework to determine the probability of any two tracks being made by the same individual. It is this combination of such tracks that allows for system wide tracking of individuals to be performed. Techniques are also presented to improve the accuracy of the feature information. These include the application of spatial or temporal smoothing, the identifcation and removal of signifcant feature errors, as well as the mitigation of other potential error sources like illumination. The results of both the individual features, and the combined system wide tracks are presented based upon an analysis of individuals observed in realistic surveillance footage. These show that current camera technology will not produce a fully automated system, but can provide signifcant information to assist security operators.

Pradha, B, Mansor, S & Pirasteh, S 2011, 'Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: an Assessment of the Use of an Advanced Neural Network Model with Five Different Training Strategies' in Artificial Neural Networks-Application, InTech.

Pradhan, B 2011, 'GIScience Tools for Climate Change Related Natural Hazards and Modelling' in Geoinformatics for Climate Change Studies, The Energy and Resources Institute New Delhi, India.

Ritz, CH, Shujau, M, Zheng, X, Cheng, B, Cheng, E & Burnett, IS 2011, 'Backward Compatible Spatialised Teleconferencing based on Squeezed Recordings' in Strumillo, P (ed), Advances in Sound Localization, In-Tech, UK, pp. 363-384.
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Commercial teleconferencing systems currently available, although offering sophisticated video stimulus of the remote participants, commonly employ only mono or stereo audio playback for the user. However, in teleconferencing applications where there are multiple participants at multiple sites, spatializing the audio reproduced at each site (using headphones or loudspeakers) to assist listeners to distinguish between participating speakers can significantly improve the meeting experience (Baldis, 2001; Evans et al., 2000; Ward & Elko 1999; Kilgore et al., 2003; Wrigley et al., 2009; James & Hawksford, 2008). An example is Vocal Village (Kilgore et al., 2003), which uses online avatars to co-locate remote participants over the Internet in virtual space with audio spatialized over headphones (Kilgore, et al., 2003). This system adds speaker location cues to monaural speech to create a user manipulable soundfield that matches the avatar’s position in the virtual space. Giving participants the freedom to manipulate the acoustic location of other participants in the rendered sound scene that they experience has been shown to provide for improved multitasking performance (Wrigley et al., 2009). A system for multiparty teleconferencing requires firstly a stage for recording speech from multiple participants at each site. These signals then need to be compressed to allow for efficient transmission of the spatial speech. One approach is to utilise close-talking microphones to record each participant (e.g. lapel microphones), and then encode each speech signal separately prior to transmission (James & Hawksford, 2008). Alternatively, for increased flexibility, a microphone array located at a central point on, say, a meeting table can be used to generate a multichannel recording of the meeting speech A microphone array approach is adopted in this work and allows for processing of the recordings to identify relative spatial locations of the sources as well as multichannel sp...

Rizoiu, MA & Velcin, J 2011, 'Topic extraction for ontology learning' in Ontology Learning and Knowledge Discovery Using the Web: Challenges and Recent Advances, pp. 38-60.
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This chapter addresses the issue of topic extraction from text corpora for ontology learning. The first part provides an overview of some of the most significant solutions present today in the literature. These solutions deal mainly with the inferior layers of the Ontology Learning Layer Cake. They are related to the challenges of the Terms and Synonyms layers. The second part shows how these pieces can be bound together into an integrated system for extracting meaningful topics. While the extracted topics are not proper concepts as yet, they constitute a convincing approach towards concept building and therefore ontology learning. This chapter concludes by discussing the research undertaken for filling the gap between topics and concepts as well as perspectives that emerge today in the area of topic extraction. © 2011, IGI Global.

Ruscalleda Beylier, M, Balaguer, MD, Colprim, J, Pellicer-Nàcher, C, Ni, BJ, Smets, BF, Sun, SP & Wang, RC 2011, 'Biological Nitrogen Removal from Domestic Wastewater' in Comprehensive Biotechnology, Second Edition, pp. 329-340.
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© 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Nitrogen (N) removal from domestic wastewater is widely performed by nitrification coupled to heterotrophic denitrification. However, the organic carbon (C)-to-N ratio (C/N) in the wastewater is frequently too low to achieve proper N-removal efficiencies and external organic C sources are often necessary to support the process and meet the discharge standards for total N (TN), increasing the process cost. The main cost, however, remains the high energy demand to provide the aeration necessary for nitrification. Alternatives have been developed to reduce the need for organic C source. The anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic process (A2/O), simultaneous nitrification/denitrification, shortcut nitrification, or nitrifier bioaugmentation are feasible solutions to upgrade wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The combined and simultaneous use of autotrophic aerobic and anaerobic microbial ammonium (NH4+) conversions (i.e., anaerobic ammonium oxidation; anammox) provide the most cost-effective solutions, as they obviate the need for an organic C source and reduce the aeration costs by more than 40%, compared to the traditional nitrification/denitrification paradigm. The first full-scale applications that take advantage of combined aerobic/anaerobic ammonium oxidation have been implemented to remove N from sludge digester effluent streams. In this way, the N load to the main liquid treatment train of the WWTP can be reduced by 10-30% with important cost savings. A current challenge involves control of gaseous N-oxide emissions (NO and N2O) from N-removal processes. New technologies, such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs), are developed aiming at energy-balanced WWTPs. This article reviews the existing technologies for effective biological N removal, with attention to anaerobic processes.

Ruzínoor, CM, Shariff, ARM, Mahmud, AR & Pradhan, B 2011, '3D Terrain Visualisation for GIS: A Comparison of Different Techniques' in True-3D in Cartography, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 265-277.

Samali, B, Li, J, Dackermann, U & Choi, F 2011, 'Vibration-Based Damage Detection for Timber Structures in Australia' in Chan, THT & Thambiratnam, DP (eds), Structural Health Monitoring in Australia, Nova Science Publishers, New York, USA, pp. 117-144.
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The use of non-destructive assessment techniques for evaluating structural conditions of aging infrastructure, such as timber bridges, utility poles and buildings, for the past 20 years has faced increasing challenges as a result of poor maintenance and inadequate funding. Replacement of structures, such as an old bridge, is neither viable nor sustainable in many circumstances. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop and utilize state-of-the-art techniques to assess and evaluate the "health state" of existing infrastructure and to be able to understand and quantify the effects of degradation with regard to public safety. This paper presents an overview of research work carried out by the authors in developing and implementing several vibration methods for evaluation of damage in timber bridges and utility poles. The technique of detecting damage involved the use of vibration methods, namely damage index method, which also incorporated artificial neural networks for timber bridges and time-hased non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods for timber utility poles. The projects involved successful numerical modeling and good experimental validation for the proposed vibration methods to detect damage for simple beams subjected to single and multiple damage scenarios and was then extended to a scaled timber bridge constructed under laboratory conditions. The time-based NDE methods also showed promising trends for detecting the embedded depth and condition of timber utility poles in early stages of that research.

Schulte, J 2011, 'The Benefits of Teaching Students the Language of Physics' in Zhang, F, Lidbury, BA, Richardson, AM, Yates, BF, Gardiner, MG, Bridgeman, AJ, Schulte, J, Rodger, JC & Mate, KE (eds), Sustainable Language Support Practises in Science Education, IGI Global, Hershey PA, USA, pp. 160-194.
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First year physics courses for non-physics majors are among the most difficult course to cope with for science and engineering students alike. Not only are students confronted with physics specific concepts and mathematics applied in unfamiliar environment, students also have to learn the specific lingo of physics and keep it separate from common language and language used in their own field of major. Anecdotally, we know that students have to master the language of their respective field of study in order to master the field. We investigated the link between language of physics used in our first year physics lectures, understanding of related physics concept, and student performance after a language focused intervention. We found that a language conscious approach in first year physics not only improved the performance of students of non-English background but also benefited the performance of students of native English speaking background.

Shukla, N & Prakash, PKS 2011, 'Multiple fault diagnosis using psycho‐clonal algorithms' in Evolutionary computing in advanced manufacturing, Hoboken, N.J, pp. 235-258.
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Multiple Fault Diagnosis (MFD) is used as an effective way to tackle the problems of a real shop fl oor environment in order to reduce the total lifetime maintenance costs of the system. It is a well-known computationally complex problem, where computational complexity increases exponentially as the number of faults increases; thus, it warrants the application of heuristic techniques or artifi cial intelligence (AI) based optimization tools to diagnose the exact faults in real time. In this chapter, a methodology based on a Probabilistic Causal Model has been illustrated to resolve graph based multiple fault diagnosis problems. This methodology involves a new nature inspired algorithm know as the psycho-clonal algorithm for fault diagnosis. In the proposed methodology, we collect the faults corresponding to each observed manifestation that can give the best possible result instead of fi nding all possible combinations of faults. Intensive computational experiments on well-known data sets witness the superiority of the proposed psycho-clonal algorithms over earlier approaches existing in the literature. From experimental results, it is observed that the proposed methodology can diagnose the exact fault in the minimum fault isolation time as compared to other approaches.

Smith, ST, Talaei-Khoei, A, Ray, M & Ray, PK 2011, 'Agent-Based Monitoring of Functional Rehabilitation Using Video Games' in Advanced Computational Intelligence Paradigms in Healthcare 5, Springer, Germany, pp. 113-141.
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In recent years, there has been an increasing trend towards using video games for health applications. In particular interactive video games, where an individual interacts with the game by moving their limbs or whole body, have started to find application in the field of rehabilitation medicine. The often dull and repetitive nature of rehabilitation exercise can be transformed into an activity to which patients happily adhere via the use of engaging video games that are enjoyable to play. One additional potential benefit of video game use in rehabilitation is that patients can continue to interact with the video game system in their own home following discharge from hospital. As such, video games may offer a means for rehabilitation specialists to remotely assess compliance of patients with their rehabilitation therapy and monitor changes in function over time. Although the use of technology for monitoring health at home is now widespread, an as yet unexplored challenge lies in integrating information technologies with rehabilitation games. This keeps the health professional informed about compliance and progress of the video game exercise, while the patient performs her/his prescribed rehabilitation routine at home. Therefore, there is a strong need for a computational framework to support the medical professional and patient by using an agent-based architecture. Agents are pieces of software that act on behalf of human roles, involved in rehabilitation process. The objective of this chapter is to thus address major issues in designing an agent-based mobile monitoring system for rehabilitation treatments. The chapter also suggests how to remotely measure the patients progress in rehabilitation treatments while the patient plays video games at home.

Uy, B, Zhu, X, Xiang, Y, Zou, JJ, Liyanapathirana, R, Gunawardana, U, Pap, L & Perera, H 2011, 'Civionics-an emerging interdisciplinary research area in Australia' in Structural Health Monitoring in Australia, pp. 145-176.
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The Civionics Research Centre at the University of Western Sydney (UWS) is a multi-disciplinary research group with expertise in Civil/Structural Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Telecommunication Engineering, Construction Engineering and Mechanical Engineering. Multi-disciplinary approaches are being developed to advance the current capabilities of structural health monitoring. In this chapter, some recent activities on research, development and implementation of structural health monitoring for civil infrastructure in the centre are briefly introduced. The content includes wireless sensor network development, advanced signal processing and structural condition assessment. ©2011 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.

Vigneswaran, S, Shon, H & Kandasamy, J 2011, 'Membrane Hybrid Systems in wastewater treatment' in Membrane Technologies and Applications, CRC Press, USA, pp. 165-183.
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Membrane technology has been increasingly applied in water and wastewater treatment. Membrane filtration involves separation of dissolved, colloidal, and particulate constituents from a pressurized fluid using microporous materials. Membranes are categorized into four main groups based on the size of their pores, namely, reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), ultrafiltration (UF), and microfiltration (MF). Microfiltration with the largest pore size of 0.1–10 μm is commonly used to separate suspended particulates, large colloids, and bacteria; hence, it is suitable for the treatment of water that has high turbidity and low color or organics content (Schafer, 2001). Similarly, ultrafiltration (0.001–0.1 μm) can exclude macromolecules and fine colloidal suspensions such as proteins, dyes, and bacteria, but the removal of dissolved organics is limited. MF and UF can also be used as pretreatment for NF and RO processes (Schafer, 2001). Nanofiltration with smaller pore sizes of between 15 and 30 Å is employed for water softening and the removal of disinfection by-products (DBPs). NF can reduce 60%–80% of the hardness and more than 90% of color-causing substances (Cheryan, 1998).

Waldron, KJ 2011, 'Contributions to MMS and IFToMM from USA' in Mechanisms and Machine Science, pp. 461-475.
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© 2011, Springer Science+Business Media B.V. Many of the important developments in mechanism and machine science of the past 50 years originated with work in the USA. In this chapter we will attempt to review the most significant of these. Space is limited, so some valuable topics cannot be addressed.

Xiao, B, Gao, X, Tao, D & Li, X 2011, 'Recognition of Sketches in Photos' in Lin, W, Tao, D, Kacprzyk, J, Li, Z, Izquierdo, E & Wang, H (eds), Studies in Computational Intelligence vol 346. Multimedia Analysis, Processing and Communications, Springer-Verlag Berlin / Heidelberg, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 239-262.
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Summary. Face recognition by sketches in photos makes an important complement to face photo recognition. It is challenging because sketches and photos have geometrical deformations and texture difference. Aiming to achieve better performance in mixture pattern recognition, we reduce difference between sketches and photos by synthesizing sketches from photos, and vice versa, and then transform the sketch-photo recognition to photo-photo/sketch-sketch recognition. Pseudo-sketch/pseudo-photo patches are synthesized with embedded hiddenMarkovmodel and integrated to derive pseudo-sketch/pseudo-photo. Experiments are carried out to demonstrate that the proposed methods are effective to produce pseudo-sketch/pseudophoto with high quality and achieve promising recognition results.

Zhang, F, Lidbury, BA, Richardson, AM, Yates, BF, Gardiner, MG, Bridgeman, AJ, Schulte, J, Rodger, JC & Mate, KE 2011, 'Sustainable language support practices in science education: Technologies and solutions', pp. 1-246.
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The effective communication of science through language, including reading, writing, listening, speaking, and visual representation, is an essential part of scientific learning, understanding, and practice. Language is the medium by which scientific reasoning occurs, whether be it formal language or symbolic representations of scientific phenomena. Sustainable Language Support Practices in Science Education: Technologies and Solutions presents cases on the results of a study done in Australia on first-year university students and the impact of new techniques of language acquisition on science education. The project covered biology, chemistry, and physics. Nearly 3,400 students were involved in the project, drawn from the University of Canberra, the University of Technology-Sydney, the University of Sydney, the University of Tasmania, and the University of Newcastle in Australia. This book serves as the latest research available on meta-cognitive assessment and language needs for a diverse student body; it is a vital resource for academics and practitioners designing and implementing science education around the world today. © 2012 by IGI Global. All rights reserved.

Zhou, JL & Zhang, Z 2011, 'Analysis of hormones in food' in Nollet, LML (ed), Analysis of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Food, Wiley-Blackwell, Iowa, pp. 243-254.
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Abdul Rahman, S, Zhang, N & Zhu, J 2011, 'A Comparative Analysis Of Fuel Economy And Emissions Between A Conventional HEV And The UTS PHEV', Ieee Transactions On Vehicular Technology, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 44-54.
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Unlike conventional hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the novel powertrain configuration of the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS) plug-in HEV (PHEV) contains only one electric machine, which functions as either an electric motor or a generator in dif

Abedin, B 2011, 'Web 2.0 and Learning Technologies, a Benchmarking Study', Asian Social Science, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 5-12.
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Page Header Logo Asian Social Science USER Username Password Remember me JOURNAL CONTENT Search Browse By Issue By Author By Title Other Journals FONT SIZE Make font size smallerMake font size defaultMake font size larger INFORMATION For Readers For Authors For Librarians CURRENT ISSUE Atom logo RSS2 logo RSS1 logo HOME ABOUT LOG IN REGISTER SEARCH CURRENT ARCHIVES ANNOUNCEMENTS RECRUITMENT EDITORIAL TEAM SUBMISSIONS INDEX CONTACT OTHER JOURNALS PUBLISHER Home > Vol 7, No 11 (2011) >Abedin Web 2.0 and Online Learning and Teaching: A Preliminary Benchmarking Study Babak Abedin Abstract The context of online learning has been transformed by the advent of Web 2.0. While universities have just recently started to use Web 2.0 applications, these applications already exist in the students personal and educational world. Yet it is still not clear in what ways universities may be able to incorporate Web 2.0 applications in learning and teaching practices. This paper gives an overview of Web 2.0 applications for universities and discusses new opportunities that Web 2.0 has brought for universities. Examples of how some universities have used these applications are then outlined and categorized. The paper also discusses some of the main issues with Web 2.0 applications and provides recommendations for resolving these issues.

Abedin, B, Daneshgar, F & D'Ambra, J 2011, 'Enhancing Non-Task Sociability of Asynchronous Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Environments', Computers & Education, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 2535-2547.
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While from a technological perspective Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) systems have been improved considerably, previous studies have shown that the social aspect of the CSCL is often neglected or assumed to happen automatically by simply creating such virtual learning environments. By distinguishing between students non-task social interactions from on-task interactions, and through a content analysis, this paper demonstrates that non-task interactions do occur frequently in CSCL environments. Furthermore, by conducting a self-reported survey, the present study operationalizes non-task sociability of CSCL environments and determines factors that affect them. The findings from the survey revealed that the sense of cohesion and awareness about others significantly impact the non-task sociability of CSCL. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the perception of self-representation and perception of compatibility affect the sense of cohesion and awareness about others and indirectly contribute to the perceived non-pedagogical sociability of the environment. The findings of this paper can be used in future research for investigating the relationship between the non-task sociability of CSCL and other CSCL factors. The study also provides the CSCL lecturers and facilitators with a conceptual model by which sociability can be explicitly addressed in their course planning and delivery processes. And finally, this study develops and validates an instrument that guides required changes in current CSCL systems to improve the non-task social functionality of the environment.

Adnan, R, Masjuki, HH & Mahlia, TMI 2011, 'Mathematical modeling on the effect of equivalence ratio in emission characteristics of compression ignition engine with hydrogen substitution', APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION, vol. 217, no. 13, pp. 6144-6158.
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Ahmad, R, Nguyen, V, Vigneswaran, S & Ho, D 2011, 'Removal of effluent organic matter by purolite fluidised bed and submerged membrane hybrid system', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 194-200.
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In this study, Purolite (R) A500PS was used to remove effluent organic matter in a fluidised bed and submerged membrane hybrid system (SMHS). It was found that the fluidised bed purolite column can effectively remove 73% of dissolved organic compound (DOC) from synthetic biologically treated sewage effluent (BTSE). DOC removal can be reduced further, by up to 95% when the fluidised bed purolite column was combined with a treatment by granular activated carbon column. Purolite (R) A500PS was also used as an adsorbent in the SMHS. The results showed that critical flux of the SMHS depend on the purolite size. Critical fluxes of SMHS were 30 and 35 L/m(2). h where 0.1 g/L of purolite of sizes below 150 mu m and 150-300 mu m were used respectively. The removal efficiency of natural organic matter from synthetic BTSE by SMHS was a function of purolite dose. The removal efficiency increased from less than 60% to more than 70% when the purolite dose increased from 0.05g/L to 0.1g/L.

Ahmed, A, Mubashir Hassan, M, Sohaib, O, Hussain, W & Qasim Khan, M 2011, 'An agent based architecture for cognitive spectrum management', Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 682-689.
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In the recent years, wireless technologies and devices have progressed dramatically that has augmented the demand for electromagnetic spectrum. Some research work showed that spectrum access and provision to user is not possible due to shortage of spectrum but federal communication commission refused to accept this theory and indicated that the spectrum is available since most of the frequency bands are underutilized. In order to allow the use of these frequency bands without interference, cognitive radio was proposed that characterizes the growing intelligence of radio systems can adapt to the radio environment, allowing opportunistic usage and sharing with the existing uses of spectrum. To take this concept a step further, we propose to use intelligent agent for spectrum management in the context of cognitive radio in this paper. In our proposed architecture, agents are embedded in the radio devices that coordinate their operations to benefit from network and avoid interference with the primary user. Agents carry a set of modules to gather information about the terminal status and the radio environment and act accordingly to the constraints of the user application.

Ahmed, W, Aslam, MA, Lopez-Lorca, AA, Shen, J, Beydoun, G & Richards, D 2011, 'Using Ontologies to Synchronize Change in Relational Database Systems', JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 89-107.
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Al Fugura, A, Billa, L, Pradhan, B, Mohamed, TA & Rawashdeh, S 2011, 'Coupling of hydrodynamic modeling and aerial photogrammetry-derived digital surface model for flood simulation scenarios using GIS: Kuala Lumpur flood, Malaysia', DISASTER ADVANCES, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 20-28.

Al Sabbagh, A 2011, 'A Markov Chain Model for Load-Balancing Based and Service Based RAT Selection Algorithms in Heterogeneous Networks', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 73, pp. 146-152.
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Next Generation Wireless Network (NGWN) is expected to be a heterogeneous network which integrates all different Radio Access Technologies (RATs) through a common platform. A major challenge is how to allocate users to the most suitable RAT for them. An optimized solution can lead to maximize the efficient use of radio resources, achieve better performance for service providers and provide Quality of Service (QoS) with low costs to users. Currently, Radio Resource Management (RRM) is implemented efficiently for the RAT that it was developed. However, it is not suitable for a heterogeneous network. Common RRM (CRRM) was proposed to manage radio resource utilization in the heterogeneous network. This paper presents a user level Markov model for a three co-located RAT networks. The load-balancing based and service based CRRM algorithms have been studied using the presented Markov model. A comparison for the performance of load-balancing based and service based CRRM algorithms is studied in terms of traffic distribution, new call blocking probability, vertical handover (VHO) call dropping probability and throughput.

Al Sabbagh, A, Braun, RM & Abolhasan, M 2011, 'A Comprehensive Survey on RAT Selection Algorithms for Heterogeneous Networks', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 73, pp. 141-145.
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Due to the coexistence of different Radio Access Technologies (RATs), Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWN) are predicted to be heterogeneous in nature. The coexistence of different RATs requires a need for Common Radio Resource Management (CRRM) to support the provision of Quality of Service (QoS) and the efficient utilization of radio resources. RAT selection algorithms are part of the CRRM algorithms. Simply, their role is to verify if an incoming call will be suitable to fit into a heterogeneous wireless network, and to decide which of the available RATs is most suitable to fit the need of the incoming call and admit it. Guaranteeing the requirements of QoS for all accepted calls and at the same time being able to provide the most efficient utilization of the available radio resources is the goal of RAT selection algorithm. The normal call admission control algorithms are designed for homogeneous wireless networks and they do not provide a solution to fit a heterogeneous wireless network which represents the NGWN. Therefore, there is a need to develop RAT selection algorithm for heterogeneous wireless network. In this paper, we propose an approach for RAT selection which includes receiving different criteria, assessing and making decisions, then selecting the most suitable RAT for incoming calls. A comprehensive survey of different RAT selection algorithms for a heterogeneous wireless network is studied.

Aldridge, LP, Vessalas, K, Fernando, K, Costa, MD, Thomas, P & Ray, AS 2011, 'Comparison of durability measures of concrete as a function of cure times', Concrete in Australia, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 42-47.
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This work forms part of a project for evaluating techniques of estimating concrete durability to improve service life. Here compressive strength, chloride diffusivity, void volume, and sorptivity from water cured concretes were measured at seven, 28 and 56 days to evaluate the concrete durability as a function of curing. It was concluded that while void volume and sorptivity were useful as quality control measures they did not reflect the increase in durability found when concrete was cured. This was in contrast to the chloride diffusivity and compressive strength results which showed marked differences during the curing of the concrete. For this study four concrete mixes were prepared using identical compositions of water, sand, and aggregates and having the same amount of cementitious materials with four different compositions: (1) Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) (2) OPC with 20% replacement of a commercial fly ash (3) OPC with 40% replacement of the same fly ash, and (4) OPC with 20% replacement by pitchstone fines. Pitchstone fines are a waste product made during the production of expandable perlite aggregate which previous work has shown to act as a supplementary cementitious material.

AlFugura, A, Billa, L, Pradhan, B, Mohamed, TA & Rawashdeh, S 2011, 'Coupling of hydrodynamic model and aerial photogrammetry-derived digital surface model for flood simulation scenarios using GIS: Kuala Lumpur flood, Malaysia', Malaysia, Disaster Advances, vol. 4, no. 4.

Ali, A, Hussain, W & Ahmed, A 2011, 'E-Learning: Closing the Digital Gap Between Developed and Developing Countries', Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 903-908.
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Alomari, MM & Zhu, J 2011, 'Bifurcation Control Of Subsynchronous Resonance Using Tcsc', Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 2363-2370.
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This paper presents the use of Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) to control bifurcations of subsynchronous resonance (SSR) in multimachine power system. The modified second system of the IEEE second benchmark model of subsynchronous resonance

Al-rifai, J, Khabbaz, H & Schafer, A 2011, 'Removal Of Pharmaceuticals And Endocrine Disrupting Compounds In A Water Recycling Process Using Reverse Osmosis Systems', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 60-67.
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A detailed investigation was carried out to evaluate the occurrence, persistence and fate of a range of micropollutants at different processing points at a full-scale water recycling plant (WRP) in Queensland, Australia. The WRP, which combines an advanced water treatment plant (AWTP) with a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), produces high quality recycled water for industrial users. The concentrations of 11 pharmaceuticals from various therapeutic categories and two endocrine disrupting chemicals were examined in full-scale microfiltration and reverse osmosis membrane facilities. Salicylic acid was the most abundant analyte in the WWTP influent, with a concentration range of 11â38g/L, followed by bisphenol A with concentrations ranging from 6 to 23g/L. The concentration of all analytes decreased on average by one order of magnitude following primary and secondary treatment. Gemfibrozil, primidone and carbamazepine were found to have lower removal efficiencies (74â78%) than other compounds during these stages, which could indicate lower biodegradability. The microfiltration and reverse osmosis systems were found to further lower the pollutant concentrations by an order of magnitude. The overall removal efficiencies in the final recycled water were above 97%, resulting in product water concentrations of lower than 0.1g/L for most compounds. An exception to this finding was observed for bisphenol A, which was detected in concentrations up to 0.5g/L in the final recycled water.

Altaee, A 2011, 'A conceptual membrane arrangement design in the high pressure vessel for seawater desalination', WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, vol. 145, pp. 659-670.
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The wide applications of Reverse Osmosis (RO) membranes in seawater desalination and various industrial processes have encouraged researchers and scientists to investigate the phenomena of water and salt diffusion through the membrane. Typically, the high pressure RO membrane vessel is loaded with membrane elements having the same flux and salt rejection rate. It has been conceived that when different types of RO elements are loaded into the pressure vessel in a special arrangement according to their permeability and salt rejection rate, this arrangement has the potential for reducing the energy consumption of the RO plant. A conceptual design is introduced here to describe this new idea. The effects of feed salinity and temperature were investigated in this paper using the ROSA Filmtec membrane design software. A two pass membrane treatment process was designed for desalting seawater at different salinities varied from 35000 ppm to 43000 ppm. The results showed a net energy saving from 2.5% to 3% (depending on the feed salinity) could be achieved. The effect of the feed temperature was also investigated and the new design was found to be more energy efficient. © 2011 WIT Press.

AlTaee, A & Sharif, AO 2011, 'Alternative design to dual stage NF seawater desalination using high rejection brackish water membranes', Desalination, vol. 273, no. 2-3, pp. 391-397.
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Dual stage NF membrane desalination process was proposed as an alternative approach to RO seawater desalination. Despite of being cheaper than RO desalination, dual stage NF process is not commercially applied yet due to the low overall recovery rate. In an attempt to increase the process recovery rate and to reduce the operation complicity, brackish water RO membrane was used instead of NF in the second stage. ROSA software was used in this study to verify the applicability and cost-effectiveness of the NF-BW dual stage desalination process. Similarly to dual stage NF desalination process, an NF membrane was used in the first stage and BW membrane in the second stage. Permeate from NF membrane was used as a feed into the BW membranes. The effect of membrane type and seawater salinity on the process performance was investigated. For any given recovery rate and seawater salinity, the simulation results showed that the overall cost of NF-NF was slightly lower than the NF-BW process but that was on the cost of higher permeate TDS. For instance, at 43,000mg/l feed salinity the difference in the specific power consumption between NF-NF and NF-BW process was 0.38kWh/m3. The permeate TDS was 125mg/l for NF-BW and 1030mg/l for NF-NF process. The difference in the permeate TDS between NF-NF and NF-BW process increased with increasing the feed salinity. In dual stage NF process, a low permeate was achieved at low recovery rate. For example, at 43,000mg/l feed salinity the permeate TDS from dual stage NF process was 359mg/l when the overall recovery rate was 22%. It was also found that the effect of BW membrane type on the process efficiency was insignificant. Finally, the energy requirements of NF-NF and NF-BW were compared to a single stage RO desalination process. The specific power consumption at 43,000mg/l feed salinity was 4.58kWh/m3, 4.2kWh/m3 and 3.86kWh/m3 for RO, NF-BW and NF-NF process respectively. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Al-Zubaydi, AY 2011, 'Solar air conditioning and refrigeration with absorption chillers technology in Australia–an overview on researches and applications', Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering Research, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 23-41.
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The air conditioning sector demand for energy has increased incessantly in Australia in the past few years due to global warming and the increase of life standards. This added more loads on the electricity demand and a significant increase in peak demand due to the use of conventional air conditioning systems, in addition to the environmental impact of energy producing from fossil fuels. Nevertheless, to minimise the environmental impact associated with air conditioning/ refrigeration system operation it is logical to evaluate the alternative options for energy sources and/or refrigerant systems. The solar assisted air conditioning /refrigeration system is presented as an attractive substance utilise the free, clean and sustainable solar energy. In this study, an overview of the different solar assisted air conditioning technologies available and their applications with a brief literature of the current related research and study in Australia, the review cover the solar thermal assisted cooling system (Absorption, Adsorption, Ejector systems, Desiccant cooling, thermo-mechanical) and the Solar electric cooling technology. From the study, the Solar cooling system applied Absorption chillers present as the most promising technology available.

Amailef, K & Lu, J 2011, 'A Mobile-based Emergency Response System For Intelligent M-government Services', Journal of Enterprise Information Management, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 338-359.
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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present an intelligent mobile based emergency response system (MERS) framework, a text information extraction and aggregation algorithm to integrate information from multiple sources in the MERS system, and an ontology-supported case-based reasoning system for the MERS system. Design/methodology/approach: The paper explains the components of information extraction and aggregation process, and a CBR-Ontology approach for the MERS system. Findings: The result of this study will offer a new opportunity to the interaction between government, citizens, responders, and other non-government agencies in emergency situations, and therefore improve the services of the government in an emergency situation. Originality/value: The paper indicates the need for usage of mobile technologies to assist the government to get information and make decisions in responding to disasters anytime and anywhere.

Amarjargal, A, Tijing, L & Kim, CS 2011, 'One-pot Synthesis Of Silver-titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites Using Ethylene Glycol Medium And Their Antibacterial Properties', Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1957-1965.
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We report here for the first time a one-pot simultaneous synthesis and antibacterial properties of Ag-TiO2 nanocomposites via ethylene glycol medium. The salient features of this method include simple operation, large scale production and one medium (solvent) to produce two different nanoparticles. Clusters of Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles with an average size of 20 – 30 nm and narrow size distribution are formed after annealing at 400 and 500 o C. The annealed Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles show excellent antibacterial properties under visible-light irradiation.

Anaissi, A, Kennedy, PJ & Goyal, ML 2011, 'Dimension Reduction of Microarray Data Based on Local Principal Component', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 77, pp. 68-73.
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Analysis and visualization of microarraydata is veryassistantfor biologists and clinicians in the field of diagnosis and treatment of patients. It allows Clinicians to better understand the structure of microarray and facilitates understanding gene expression in cells. However, microarray dataset is a complex data set and has thousands of features and a very small number of observations. This very high dimensional data set often contains some noise, non-useful information and a small number of relevant features for disease or genotype. This paper proposes a non-linear dimensionality reduction algorithm Local Principal Component (LPC) which aims to maps high dimensional data to a lower dimensional space. The reduced data represents the most important variables underlying the original data. Experimental results and comparisons are presented to show the quality of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, experiments also show how this algorithm reduces high dimensional data whilst preserving the neighbourhoods of the points in the low dimensional space as in the high dimensional space.

Anand, S, Engelbrecht, A & McGloin, D 2011, 'Optically written optofluidic ice channels', JOURNAL OF OPTICS, vol. 13, no. 4.
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Ansari, Y, Merifield, R, Yamamoto, H & Sheng, D 2011, 'Numerical analysis of soilbags under compression and cyclic shear', COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 659-668.
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Arslanagic, S & Ziolkowski, RW 2011, 'Active coated nanoparticles: impact of plasmonic material choice', APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING, vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 795-798.
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Arslanagic, S, Liu, Y, Malureanu, R & Ziolkowski, RW 2011, 'Impact of the Excitation Source and Plasmonic Material on Cylindrical Active Coated Nano-Particles', SENSORS, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 9109-9120.
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Aryal, R, Baral, B, Vigneswaran, S, Naidu, R & Loganathan, L 2011, 'Seasonal influence on urban dust PAH profile and toxicity in Sydney, Australia', Water Science And Technology, vol. 63, no. 10, pp. 2238-2243.
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Road dust is one of the major threats to the urban environment due to wash-off of dust to the surrounding catchments during wet weather period. The dust contains wide range of toxic contaminants such as heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and endocrine disrupting chemicals. Among the toxic contaminants, PAHs are of environmental concern due to their potential carcinogenic and mutagenic effect besides endocrine disruptive behaviour. Eighteen road dust samples from Sydney were collected in different time periods for a year and analysed for 16 US EPA PAHs. Total PAHs content range in the dust was 9â105 μg/g. Total and individual PAH contents were highest in the finest size fraction (<75 μm) and in winter compared to the other seasons. The PAH profiles in the different particle sizes were similar but different between the four seasons. The concentrations of higher molecular weight PAHs (4- and 5-rings) were much greater than the concentrations of lower molecular weight PAHs (2- and 3-rings). Toxicity equivalency factor application showed that the longer the dry weather period the higher the total PAHs content and toxicity in the dust.

Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, JK 2011, 'Application of Ultraviolet (UV) Spectrophotometry in the Assessment of Membrane Bioreactor Performance for Monitoring Water and Wastewater Treatment', Applied Spectrocopy, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 227-232.
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Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy has been widely used in monitoring water and wastewater treatment. In this study UV spectroscopy was used to investigate fouling development on the membrane surface of membrane bioreactors. The chemistry of mixed liquor present in the membrane bioreactor and the foulant deposited on the membrane surface was compared by analyzing the UV spectra. The mixed liquor showed different spectra than did the foulant. The foulant spectra showed a shift in absorbance peaks with operation time. The particle size distribution (<450 nm) was also examined to explain the UV fingerprints.

Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S, Loganathan, L, Kandasamy, JK & Mohammed, TM 2011, 'Hydrous iron oxide for removal of inorganic contaminants in simulated stormwater: A batch sorption kinetics study', Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 1706-1712.
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Urban stormwater runoff, which consists of inorganic and organic contaminants, is a major source of pollutants to receiving waters and therefore they need to be removed. Simultaneous removal of contaminants, Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ (heavy metal cations), and SeO4 2â (oxyanion) from a simulated stormwater by a hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) was studied in batch and column sorption experiments. In the batch experiment the rate of sorption of the ions was rapid at the beginning and reached equilibrium in approximately 300 min. The amounts of ions sorbed were proportionate to the respective initial concentration of the ions added to the HFO. Cluster analysis showed that all heavy metals had similar sorption behavior, whereas Se had a distinctly different sorption process. Of the three different kinetic models tested the pseudo-first order kinetic model fitted the data the best. The column experimental results beyond 180 min were consistent with those of the batch experiment that the removal efficiencies of the ions were in proportion to the ion concentration in the feed. Below 180 min, Cu appeared to be preferentially removed than Zn.

Atallah, S, El Saliby, I, Baalbaki, R & Talhouk, S 2011, 'Effects Of Different Irrigation, Drying And Production Scenarios On The Productivity, Postharvest Quality And Economic Feasibility Of Origanum Syriacum, A Species Typically Over-collected From The Wild In Lebanon', Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 337-343.
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Background: The potential of Origanum syriacum L. to become a cultivated crop in Lebanon rather than being harvested from the wild was investigated at the production, postharvest and economic levels. Three irrigation schemes were tested on growth paramet

Atanassov, K & Shannon, AG 2011, 'The Digital Root Function For Fibonacci-type Sequences', Advanced Studies In Contemporary Mathematics (kyungshang), vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 251-254.
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The base of digit roots of elements of a sequence of numbers is defined, with examples given for the Fibonacci, Lucas, Lucas-Lehmer and Euler sequences. The theory is then applied to extensions of the Pell-Padovan and Tribonacci sequences.

Attard, MRG, Chamoli, U, Ferrara, TL, Rogers, TL & Wroe, S 2011, 'Skull mechanics and implications for feeding behaviour in a large marsupial carnivore guild: the thylacine, Tasmanian devil and spotted-tailed quoll', JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, vol. 285, no. 4, pp. 292-300.
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Azadeh, A, Asadzadeh, SM, Saberi, M, Nadimi, V, Tajvidi, A & Sheikalishahi, M 2011, 'A Neuro-fuzzy-stochastic frontier analysis approach for long-term natural gas consumption forecasting and behavior analysis: The cases of Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and UAE', APPLIED ENERGY, vol. 88, no. 11, pp. 3850-3859.
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Azadeh, A, Rouzbahman, M, Saberi, M & Fame, IM 2011, 'An adaptive neural network algorithm for assessment and improvement of job satisfaction with respect to HSE and ergonomics program: The case of a gas refinery', JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 361-370.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M & Anvari, M 2011, 'An Integrated Artificial Neural Network Fuzzy C-Means-Normalization Algorithm for performance assessment of decision-making units: The cases of auto industry and power plant', COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 328-340.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M & Asadzadeh, SM 2011, 'An adaptive network based fuzzy inference system-auto regression-analysis of variance algorithm for improvement of oil consumption estimation and policy making: The cases of Canada, United Kingdom, and South Korea', APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 581-593.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M & Gitiforouz, A 2011, 'An integrated simulation-based fuzzy regression-time series algorithm for electricity consumption estimation with non-stationary data', JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERS, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 1047-1066.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Anvari, M & Mohamadi, M 2011, 'An integrated artificial neural network-genetic algorithm clustering ensemble for performance assessment of decision making units', JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 229-245.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Anvari, M, Azaron, A & Mohammadi, M 2011, 'An adaptive network based fuzzy inference system-genetic algorithm clustering ensemble algorithm for performance assessment and improvement of conventional power plants', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 2224-2234.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Asadzadeh, SM & Khakestani, M 2011, 'A hybrid fuzzy mathematical programming-design of experiment framework for improvement of energy consumption estimation with small data sets and uncertainty: The cases of USA, Canada, Singapore, Pakistan and Iran', ENERGY, vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 6981-6992.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Moghaddam, RT & Javanmardi, L 2011, 'An integrated Data Envelopment Analysis-Artificial Neural Network-Rough Set Algorithm for assessment of personnel efficiency', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 1364-1373.
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Azadeh, A, Seraj, O & Saberi, M 2011, 'A comparative assessment of fuzzy regression models: The case of oil consumption estimation', International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 195-223.
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The objective of this study is to examine the most well-known FR approaches with respect to oil consumption estimation. Furthermore, there is no clear cut as to which approach is superior for oil consumption estimation. The economic indicators used in this paper are population, cost of crude oil, gross domestic production and annual oil production. The data for oil consumption in Canada, USA, Japan and Australia from 1990 to 2005 are considered. The input data are divided into train and test data. The FR models have been tuned for all their parameters according to the train data and the best coefficients are identified. Three popular defuzzification methods for defuzzifying outputs are applied. For determining the rate of error of FR models estimations, mean absolute percentage error is calculated. This study reveals that there is no best FR model unlike previous studies which claim to have developed the most efficient FR models. Copyright © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Azadeh, A, Seraj, O & Saberi, M 2011, 'An integrated fuzzy regression-analysis of variance algorithm for improvement of electricity consumption estimation in uncertain environments', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY, vol. 53, no. 5-8, pp. 645-660.
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Azmi, AI, Sen, D, Sheng, W, Canning, J & Peng, G-D 2011, 'Performance Enhancement of Vibration Sensing Employing Multiple Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Grating', JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 29, no. 22, pp. 3453-3460.
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Baccelli, F, Machiraju, S, Veitch, D & Bolot, J 2011, 'Probing for loss: The case against probe trains', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 15, pp. 590-592.
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Badenhorst, W, Zhang, J & Xia, X 2011, 'Optimal hoist scheduling of a deep level mine twin rock winder system for demand side management', ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH, vol. 81, no. 5, pp. 1088-1095.
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Bajan, SM & Hutvagner, GJ 2011, 'Another "Loophole" in miRNA processing.', Molecular Cell, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 345-346.
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miRNAs repress the expression of numerous target genes that are involved in a variety of cellular systems, therefore the homeostatic control of miRNA biosynthesis and activity is important for mediating diverse physiological processes such as differentiation, development, immune response, and the cell cycle. Consequently, the misregulation of miRNA function is associated with several pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer. miRNA levels are controlled by the rates of transcription, processing, and turnover. This sequence of steps is subject to complex regulation via mechanisms that can either have a global effect on miRNA generation or specifically modulate the synthesis of a particular miRNA. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Suzuki et al. (2011) provide further evidence that miRNA activity is regulated by mechanisms that target posttranscriptional stages of the maturation of miRNAs by identifying MCPIP1 (monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCP)-1-induced protein 1), an endo-RNase, that cleaves the loops of multiple miRNAs, leading to their degradation.

Bandyopadhyay, S, Canning, J, Biswas, P, Stevenson, M & Dasgupta, K 2011, 'A study of regenerated gratings produced in germanosilicate fibers by high temperature annealing', OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 1198-1206.
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Barolli, L, Takizawa, M & Hussain, FK 2011, 'Special issue on emerging trends in cyber-physical systems', Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 249-250.
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Barua, B, Abolhasan, M & Safaei, F 2011, 'On the Symbol Error Probability of Multihop Parallel Relay Networks', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 719-721.
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In this paper we analyze the symbol error probability (SEP) of a cooperative multihop parallel relay network in Rayleigh fading channels for M-ary Phase-shift keying (M-PSK) modulation. The general closed form expression of the SEP is derived. We present numerical results on the performance of the network.

Barua, B, Abolhasan, M, Safaei, F & Franklin, DR 2011, 'On the Error Exponent of Amplify and Forward Relay Networks', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 1047-1049.
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In this letter we derive the exact random coding error exponent of a dual hop amplify and forward (AF) relay network with channel state information (CSI) assisted ideal relay gain. Numerical results have been presented, which provide insight about the performance tradeoff between the error exponent and the data rate of the network. Finally we present the capacity analysis of this relay network.

Beck, D, Ayers, S, Wen, J, Brandl, MB, Pham, TD, Webb, P, Chang, C-C & Zhou, X 2011, 'Integrative analysis of next generation sequencing for small non-coding RNAs and transcriptional regulation in Myelodysplastic Syndromes.', BMC Medical Genomics, vol. 4, pp. 1-16.
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BACKGROUND: Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDSS) are pre-leukemic disorders with increasing incident rates worldwide, but very limited treatment options. Little is known about small regulatory RNAs and how they contribute to pathogenesis, progression and transcriptome changes in MDS. METHODS: Patients' primary marrow cells were screened for short RNAs (RNA-seq) using next generation sequencing. Exon arrays from the same cells were used to profile gene expression and additional measures on 98 patients obtained. Integrative bioinformatics algorithms were proposed, and pathway and ontology analysis performed. RESULTS: In low-grade MDS, observations implied extensive post-transcriptional regulation via microRNAs (miRNA) and the recently discovered Piwi interacting RNAs (piRNA). Large expression differences were found for MDS-associated and novel miRNAs, including 48 sequences matching to miRNA star (miRNA*) motifs. The detected species were predicted to regulate disease stage specific molecular functions and pathways, including apoptosis and response to DNA damage. In high-grade MDS, results suggested extensive post-translation editing via transfer RNAs (tRNAs), providing a potential link for reduced apoptosis, a hallmark for this disease stage. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed important regulatory roles for MDS linked miRNAs and TFs, and strengthened the biological significance of miRNA*. The "RNA polymerase II promoters" were identified as the tightest controlled biological function. We suggest their control by a miRNA dominated feedback loop, which might be linked to the dramatically different miRNA amounts seen between low and high-grade MDS. DISCUSSION: The presented results provide novel findings that build a basis of further investigations of diagnostic biomarkers, targeted therapies and studies on MDS pathogenesis.

Beydoun, G, Lopez-Lorca, AA, Garcia-Sanchez, F & Martinez-Bejar, R 2011, 'How do we measure and improve the quality of a hierarchical ontology?', JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE, vol. 84, no. 12, pp. 2363-2373.
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Beydoun, G, Low, G, Tran, N & Bogg, P 2011, 'Development of a peer-to-peer information sharing system using ontologies', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 9352-9364.
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Beyhan, B & Cetindamar, D 2011, 'No escape from the dominant theories: The analysis of intellectual pillars of technology management in developing countries', TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 103-115.
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Bian, W & Tao, D 2011, 'Max-Min Distance Analysis By Using Sequential SDP Relaxation For Dimension Reduction', IEEE Transactions On Pattern Analysis And Machine Intelligence, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 1037-1050.
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Abstract - We propose a new criterion for discriminative dimension reduction, max-min distance analysis (MMDA). Given a data set with C classes, represented by homoscedastic Gaussians, MMDA maximizes the minimum pairwise distance of these C classes in the selected low-dimensional subspace. Thus, unlike Fishers linear discriminant analysis (FLDA) and other popular discriminative dimension reduction criteria, MMDA duly considers the separation of all class pairs. To deal with general case of data distribution, we also extend MMDA to kernel MMDA (KMMDA). Dimension reduction via MMDA/KMMDA leads to a nonsmooth max-min optimization problem with orthonormal constraints. We develop a sequential convex relaxation algorithm to solve it approximately. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed criterion and the corresponding algorithm, we conduct classification and data visualization experiments on both synthetic data and real data sets. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of MMDA/KMMDA associated with the proposed optimization algorithm.

Billa, L & Pradhan, B 2011, 'Semi-automated procedures for shoreline extraction using single RADARSAT-1 SAR image', Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 395-400.

Bishop, AN & Shames, I 2011, 'Link operations for slowing the spread of disease in complex networks', EPL, vol. 95, no. 1.
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Bjornerem, A, Ghasem-zadeh, A, Bui, M, Wang, X, Rantzau, C, Nguyen, T, Hopper, J, Zebaze, R & Seeman, E 2011, 'Remodeling Markers Are Associated With Larger Intracortical Surface Area But Smaller Trabecular Surface Area: A Twin Study', Bone, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 1125-1130.
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Bolch, T, Peters, J, Yegorov, A, Pradhan, B, Buchroithner, M & Blagoveshchensky, V 2011, 'Identification of potentially dangerous glacial lakes in the northern Tien Shan', Natural Hazards, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 1691-1714.

Bradshaw, LN, Zhong, J, Bradbury, P, Mahmassani, M, Smith, JL, Ammit, AJ & O'Neill, GM 2011, 'Estradiol stabilizes the 105-kDa phospho-form of the adhesion docking protein NEDD9 and suppresses NEDD9-dependent cell spreading in breast cancer cells', BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH, vol. 1813, no. 2, pp. 340-345.
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Bremner, MJ, Jozsa, R & Shepherd, D 2011, 'Classical simulation of commuting quantum computations implies collapse of the polynomial hierarchy', Proceedings Of The Royal Society A-Mathematical Physical And Engineering Sciences, vol. 467, no. 2126, pp. 459-472.
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We consider quantum computations comprising only commuting gates, known as IQP computations, and provide compelling evidence that the task of sampling their output probability distributions is unlikely to be achievable by any efficient classical means. More specifically, we introduce the class post-IQP of languages decided with bounded error by uniform families of IQP circuits with post-selection, and prove first that post-IQP equals the classical class PP. Using this result we show that if the output distributions of uniform IQP circuit families could be classically efficiently sampled, either exactly in total variation distance or even approximately up to 41 per cent multiplicative error in the probabilities, then the infinite tower of classical complexity classes known as the polynomial hierarchy would collapse to its third level. We mention some further results on the classical simulation properties of IQP circuit families, in particular showing that if the output distribution results from measurements on only O(log n) lines then it may, in fact, be classically efficiently sampled.

Bridge, P, Pocock, NA, Tuan, N, Munns, C, Cowell, CT, Forwood, N & Thompson, MW 2011, 'Validation of Longitudinal DXA Changes in Body Composition From Pre- to Mid-Adolescence Using MRI as Reference', JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 340-347.
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Budka, M & Gabrys, B 2011, 'Electrostatic field framework for supervised and semi-supervised learning from incomplete data', NATURAL COMPUTING, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 921-945.
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Budka, M, Gabrys, B & Musial, K 2011, 'On Accuracy of PDF Divergence Estimators and Their Applicability to Representative Data Sampling', ENTROPY, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 1229-1266.
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Burdon, SW & Feeny, D 2011, 'Mobilizing For Value Added Partnerships', Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 22-41.
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According to Krishnamurthy et al (2007) the building of competitive advantage from alliances via innovation with technical partners is the most challenging of the objectives sought in partnerships. Academic research in the last decade has examined the prerequisites and success factors and general agreement has been reached on the critical issues. They include, for example, the concept of relationship capital - mutual trust, mutual commitment and information exchange (Sarkar et al, 2001). However, it is not clear that this knowledge has led to improvements in the historically poor success ratio. This case explores the successful implementation of an innovation partnership, endorsing the recent work by Sturgess & Cumming (2011) on the importance of a focus on implementation. Previous academic research on such partnerships has tended to focus on manufacturing; in particular the automotive engineering and pharmaceutical sectors. Relationships were typically asymmetric with the supplier being much smaller in size and power relative to the manufacturer. The authors wanted to explore a different power and size relationship emerging from the growing needs of a number of service industries, where technology is becoming a strategic imperative for gaining competitive advantage. Organisations in the aviation, retail banking and retail communications sectors are seeking IT and telecommunication skills that will help them build competitive advantage from better services, systems and products. The most knowledgeable organisations with this technical knowledge tend to be large ones. Our case examines how Westpac, a large retail bank in Australia, went about the task of reviewing their existing commercial relationships and selected the most promising one for the objective of building a trusted value adding partnership. In the process, they identified the critical pre-requisites and developed a five stage key success model for implementation. It is hoped that the study ...

Burnham, DR & McGloin, D 2011, 'Modeling of optical traps for aerosols', JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 2856-2864.
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Byun, KY, Fleming, P, Bennett, N, Gity, F, McNally, P, Morris, M, Ferain, I & Colinge, C 2011, 'Comprehensive investigation of Ge-Si bonded interfaces using oxygen radical activation', JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 109, no. 12.
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Cai, Y & Guo, YJ 2011, 'A frequency-agile compact array with a reconfigurable decoupling and matching network', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, pp. 1031-1034.
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A new frequency-agile compact antenna array incorporating a reconfigurable decoupling and matching network (DMN) is presented. The array consists of two printed monopole antennas, each loaded with a p-i-n diode. By changing the p-i-n diode states through an inductive biasing line, the array operating frequency can be tuned to the 2.5-or 3.5-GHz band. The array interelement spacing is chosen to be as small as 0.05 λ 0 at 2.5 GHz, which results in a strong mutual coupling between antenna ports. A reconfigurable DMN is proposed to reduce the mutual coupling when the array frequency is switched. Measured results show that the use of the DMN realizes a matched (S 11 ≤-10 dB) and decoupled (S 21 ≤-20 dB) bandwidth of 150 and 160 MHz in the lower and higher bands, respectively. In addition, compared to the strongly coupled array, at least 9% antenna total efficiency improvement is measured over a 125-MHz bandwidth in both the lower and the higher bands. The effect of the ohmic loss in the DMN on the antenna correlation is also investigated. © 2011 IEEE.

Canagasabey, A, Michie, A, Canning, J, Holdsworth, J, Fleming, S, Wang, H-C & Aslund, ML 2011, 'A Comparison of Delayed Self-Heterodyne Interference Measurement of Laser Linewidth Using Mach-Zehnder and Michelson Interferometers', SENSORS, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 9233-9241.
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Canning, J, Groothoff, N, Cook, K, Stevenson, M, Holdsworth, J, Lancry, M & Poumellec, B 2011, 'Grating writing in structured optical fibers', Photonic Sensors, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 199-203.
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Grating writing in structured optical fibers is reviewed. Various laser sources have been used including UV and near IR nanosecond and femtosecond lasers, each enabling different material processing regimes. The issue of scattering is modeled through simulation and compared with experiment. Good agreement has been established. © The Authors(s) 2010.

Canning, J, Lancry, M, Cook, K, Weickman, A, Brisset, F & Poumellec, B 2011, 'Anatomy of a femtosecond laser processed silica waveguide [Invited]', OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS, vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 998-1008.
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Canning, J, Lau, A, Naqshbandi, M, Petermann, I & Crossley, MJ 2011, 'Measurement of Fluorescence in a Rhodamine-123 Doped Self-Assembled "Giant" Mesostructured Silica Sphere Using a Smartphone as Optical Hardware', SENSORS, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 7055-7062.
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Canning, J, Padden, W, Boskovic, D, Naqshbandi, M, de Bruyn, H & Crossley, MJ 2011, 'Manipulating and controlling the evanescent field within optical waveguides using high index nanolayers', OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 192-200.
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Cao, L, Zhang, H, Zhao, Y, Luo, D & Zhang, C 2011, 'Combined Mining: Discovering Informative Knowledge in Complex Data', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 699-712.
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Enterprise data mining applications often involve complex data such as multiple large heterogeneous data sources, user preferences, and business impact. In such situations, a single method or one-step mining is often limited in discovering informative knowledge. It would also be very time and space consuming, if not impossible, to join relevant large data sources for mining patterns consisting of multiple aspects of information. It is crucial to develop effective approaches for mining patterns combining necessary information from multiple relevant business lines, catering for real business settings and decision-making actions rather than just providing a single line of patterns. The recent years have seen increasing efforts on mining more informative patterns, e.g., integrating frequent pattern mining with classifications to generate frequent pattern-based classifiers. Rather than presenting a specific algorithm, this paper builds on our existing works and proposes combined mining as a general approach to mining for informative patterns combining components from either multiple data sets or multiple features or by multiple methods on demand. We summarize general frameworks, paradigms, and basic processes for multifeature combined mining, multisource combined mining, and multimethod combined mining. Novel types of combined patterns, such as incremental cluster patterns, can result from such frameworks, which cannot be directly produced by the existing methods. A set of real-world case studies has been conducted to test the frameworks, with some of them briefed in this paper. They identify combined patterns for informing government debt prevention and improving government service objectives, which show the flexibility and instantiation capability of combined mining in discovering informative knowledge in complex data.

Center, J, Bliuc, D, Nguyen, N, Nguyen, T & Eisman, J 2011, 'Osteoporosis Medication And Reduced Mortality Risk In Elderly Women And Men', Journal Of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 96, no. 4, pp. 1006-1014.
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Context: Osteoporotic fractures are associated with premature mortality. Antiresorptive treatment reduces refracture but mortality reduction is unclear. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the effect of osteoporosis treatment [bisphosphonates (BP), hormone therapy (HT), and calcium vitamin D only (CaD)] on mortality risk. Design: This was a prospective cohort study (April 1989 to May 2007). Setting: The study was conducted with community-dwelling elderly (aged 60 yr) subjects in Dubbo, a semiurban city, Australia. Subjects: Subjects included 1223 and 819 women and men in the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study. Main Outcome Measure: Mortality according to treatment group was recorded. Results: There were 325 (BP, n 106; HT, n 77; CaD, n 142) women and 37 men (BP, n 15; CaD, n22) on treatment. In women, mortality rates were lower with BP 0.8/100 person-years (0.4, 1.4) and HT 1.2/100 person-years (0.7, 2.1) but not CaD 3.2/100 person-years (2.5, 4.1) vs. no treatment 3.5/100 person-years (3.1, 3.8). Accounting for age, fracture occurrence, comorbidities, quadriceps strength, and bone mineral density, mortality risk remained lower for women on BP [hazard ratio (HR) 0.3 (0.2, 0.6)] but not HT [HR 0.8 (0.4, 1.8)]. For 429 women with fractures, mortality risk was still reduced in the BP group [adjusted HR 0.3 (0.2, 0.7)], not accounted for by a reduction in subsequent fractures. In men, lower mortality rates were observed with BP but not CaD [BP 1.0/100 person-years (0.3, 3.9) and CaD 3.1/100 person-years (1.5, 6.6) vs. no treatment 4.3/100 person-years (3.9, 4.8)]. After adjustment, mortality was similar, although not significant [HR 0.5 (0.1, 2.0)]. Conclusions: Osteoporosis therapy appears to reduce mortality risk in women and possibly men.

Cetindamar, D & Pala, O 2011, 'Chief technology officer roles and performance', TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS & STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 1031-1046.
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Cha, DF, Zhang, H & Blumenstein, M 2011, 'Prediction of maximum wave-induced liquefaction in porous seabed using multi-artificial neural network model', OCEAN ENGINEERING, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 878-887.
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Chaczko, ZC & Kale, AV 2011, 'Automated Tablet Quality Assurance And Identification For Hospital Pharmacies', Kwartalnik Elektroniki i Telekomunikacji - Electronics and Telecommunications Quarterly, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 153-158.
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The tablet quality checking and identification in hospital pharmacies is done manually and does not use any automated solution. Manual sorting and handling makes this activity laborious and error-prone. This paper describes a low cost solution that is ch

Chaczko, ZC & Resconi, G 2011, 'Reasoning By SVD And Morphotronic Network', International Journal Of Electronics And Telecommunications, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 145-152.
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The immune system of the vertebrates possess the capabilities of 'intelligent' information processing, which include memory, the ability to learn, to recognize, and to make decisions with respect to unknown situations. The mathematical formalization of t

Chamoli, U & Wroe, S 2011, 'Allometry in the distribution of material properties and geometry of the felid skull: Why larger species may need to change and how they may achieve it', JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY, vol. 283, no. 1, pp. 217-226.
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Chan, K, Ling, SS, Dillon, TS & Nguyen, HT 2011, 'Diagnosis Of Hypoglycemic Episodes Using A Neural Network Based Rule Discovery System', Expert Systems With Applications, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 9799-9808.
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Hypoglycemia or low blood glucose is dangerous and can result in unconsciousness, seizures and even death for Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Based on the T1DM patients' physiological parameters, corrected QT interval of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, change of heart rate, and the change of corrected QT interval, we have developed a neural network based rule discovery system with hybridizing the approaches of neural networks and genetic algorithm to identify the presences of hypoglycemic episodes for TIDM patients. The proposed neural network based rule discovery system is built and is validated by using the real T1DM patients' data sets collected from Department of Health, Government of Western Australia. Experimental results show that the proposed neural network based rule discovery system can achieve more accurate results on both trained and unseen T1DM patients' data sets compared with those developed based on the commonly used classification methods for medical diagnosis, statistical regression, fuzzy regression and genetic programming. Apart from the achievement of these better results, the proposed neural network based rule discovery system can provide explicit information in the form of production rules which compensate for the deficiency of traditional neural network method which do not provide a clear understanding of how they work in prediction as they are in an implicit black-box structure. This explicit information provided by the product rules can convince medical doctors to use the neural networks to perform diagnosis of hypoglycemia on T1DM patients.

Chanan, AP, Ghetti, I & Kandasamy, JK 2011, 'Challenges of managing coastal areas through climate change', Institution of Civil Engineers. Proceedings. Municipal Engineer, vol. 164, no. 2, pp. 83-88.
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In Australia the strongest natural fluctuation of climate from year to year is the El Niño southern oscillation. La Niña years are associated with an increased probability of wetter and cooler conditions, whereas El Niño years are drier and hotter then normal. For an urbanised coastal council such as Kogarah there are a number of impacts associated with climate change. For instance, the risk of flooding may be increased due to more intense rainfalls coupled with rising sea levels. Coastal councils may also experience increased coastal flooding and erosion due to increased storm surges and rising sea levels. Water restrictions are already in place due to severe droughts, and it is predicted that councils will have limited water supply available for the irrigation needed to provide parks and well-maintained sporting facilities for the community. Given that the science of climate change is not an exact science there are obvious technical and sociopolitical challenges to be addressed. This paper shares Kogarah Council's experiences in dealing with these challenges and provides a snapshot of programmes currently being implemented in response to climate change. By investing in proactive measure to reduce risk and vulnerability it is possible to build resilience to climate change.

Chanan, AP, Kandasamy, JK & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Role Of Case Study Research In Training The Renaissance Water Engineer', Global Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 110-116.
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Contemporary water management challenges around Australia highlight water engineers' inability to understand the community's needs. Developing new technologies is not enough. Implementation of these technologies can only take place if the engineers under

Chanan, AP, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, JK & Simmons, B 2011, 'Lessons for a viable water recycling industry', Institution of Civil Engineers. Proceedings. Water Management, vol. 164, no. 5, pp. 213-219.
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The platform on which the labour government came to power in Australia in November 2007 included a policy of setting a national wastewater recycling target of 30% by the year 2015. A similar target-based approach was followed by the solid waste recycling industry in Australia the policy of which focused on supply and did not adequately acknowledge the price competitiveness of the product and its demand. This paper highlights the lessons from the solid waste recycling industry and applies them to the water recycling sector. A sound water pricing regime that reflects the true costs of water and a competitive water industry is offered as a better policy alternative to setting recycling targets.

Chang, C, Tanong, K, Chiemchaisri, C & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Feasibility Study Of A Cyclic Anoxic/Aerobic Two-Stage Mbr For Treating Abs Resin Manufacturing Wastewater', Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5325-5330.
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This study investigated the feasibility and the treatment efficiency of a cyclic anoxic/aerobic two-stage MBR for treating polymeric industrial wastewater. The anoxic/aerobic hybrid MBR was operated without sludge withdrawal except sampling during the st

Chang, Y, Tanong, K, Xu, J & Shon, H 2011, 'Microbial community analysis of an aerobic nitrifying-denitrifying MBR treating ABS resin wastewater', Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 12, pp. 5337-5344.
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A two-stage aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) system for treating acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin wastewater was carried out in this study to evaluate the system performance on nitrification. The results showed that nitrification of the aerobic MBR system was significant and the highest TKN removal of approximately 90% was obtained at hydraulic retention time (HRT) 18 h. In addition, the result of nitrogen mass balance revealed that the percentage of TN removal due to denitrification was in the range of 8.7â19.8%. Microbial community analysis based on 16s rDNA molecular approach indicated that the dominant ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) group in the system was a b-class ammonia oxidizer which was identified as uncultured sludge bacterium (AF234732). A heterotrophic aerobic denitrifier identified as Thauera mechernichensis was found in the system. The results indicated that a sole aerobic MBR system for simultaneous removals of carbon and nitrogen can be designed and operated for neglect with an anaerobic unit.

Chao, PC-P, Liao, P-Y, Tsai, M-Y & Lin, C-T 2011, 'Robust control design for precision positioning of a generic piezoelectric system with consideration of microscopic hysteresis effects', MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES-MICRO-AND NANOSYSTEMS-INFORMATION STORAGE AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS, vol. 17, no. 5-7, pp. 1009-1023.
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Chaudhuri, S, Chen, Y & Yu, JX 2011, 'Guest Editors Introduction: Special section on keyword search on structured data', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 23, no. 12, pp. 1761-1762.
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Chen, C, Yang, Y, Nie, F & Odobez, J-M 2011, '3D human pose recovery from image by efficient visual feature selection', COMPUTER VISION AND IMAGE UNDERSTANDING, vol. 115, no. 3, pp. 290-299.
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Chen, C, Zhuang, Y, Nie, F, Yang, Y, Wu, F & Xiao, J 2011, 'Learning a 3D Human Pose Distance Metric from Geometric Pose Descriptor', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS, vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 1676-1689.
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Chen, H, Liu, J, Furuse, K, Yu, JX & Ohbo, N 2011, 'Indexing expensive functions for efficient multi-dimensional similarity search', KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 165-192.
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Chen, H-T, Wei, L-Y & Chang, C-F 2011, 'Nonlinear Revision Control for Images', ACM TRANSACTIONS ON GRAPHICS, vol. 30, no. 4.
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Chen, J, Chen, X, Duan, R, Ji, Z & Zeng, B 2011, 'No-go Theorem For One-way Quantum Computing On Naturally Occurring Two-level Systems', Physical Review A, vol. 83, no. 5, pp. 0-0.
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The ground states of some many-body quantum systems can serve as resource states for the one-way quantum computing model, achieving the full power of quantum computation. Such resource states are found, for example, in spin- 5 2 and spin- 3 2 systems. It is, of course, desirable to have a natural resource state in a spin- 1 2 , that is, qubit system. Here, we give a negative answer to this question for frustration-free systems with two-body interactions. In fact, it is shown to be impossible for any genuinely entangled qubit state to be a nondegenerate ground state of any two-body frustration-free Hamiltonian. What is more, we also prove that every spin- 1 2 frustration-free Hamiltonian with two-body interaction always has a ground state that is a product of single- or two-qubit states. In other words, there cannot be any interesting entanglement features in the ground state of such a qubit Hamiltonian.

Chen, P-Y, Van, L-D, Khoo, I-H, Reddy, HC & Lin, C-T 2011, 'Power-Efficient and Cost-Effective 2-D Symmetry Filter Architectures', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 112-125.
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Chen, S-W, Lin, S-H, Liao, L-D, Lai, H-Y, Pei, Y-C, Kuo, T-S, Lin, C-T, Chang, J-Y, Chen, Y-Y, Lo, Y-C, Chen, S-Y, Wu, R & Tsang, S 2011, 'Quantification and recognition of parkinsonian gait from monocular video imaging using kernel-based principal component analysis', BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ONLINE, vol. 10.
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Chen, T, Chen, R, Jewart, C, Zhang, B, Cook, K, Canning, J & Chen, KP 2011, 'Regenerated gratings in air-hole microstructured fibers for high-temperature pressure sensing.', Optics Letters, vol. 36, no. 18, pp. 3542-3544.
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We present thermally regenerated fiber Bragg gratings in air-hole microstructured fibers for high-temperature, hydrostatic pressure measurements. High-temperature stable gratings were regenerated during an 800 °C annealing process from hydrogen-loaded Type I seed gratings. The wavelength shifts and separation of grating peaks were studied as functions of external hydrostatic pressure from 15 to 2400 psi, and temperature from 24 °C to 800 °C. This Letter demonstrates a multiplexible pressure and temperature sensor technology for high-temperature environments using a single optical fiber feedthrough.

Chen, W, Rao, W, Min, H & Qiu, X 2011, 'An active noise barrier with unidirectional secondary sources', APPLIED ACOUSTICS, vol. 72, no. 12, pp. 969-974.
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Chen, Y & Qiu, X 2011, 'Spatial release from masking for Chinese-native listeners in English speech recognition', Shengxue Xuebao/Acta Acustica, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 231-238.
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Spatial release from masking for Chinese-native listeners in English environment is investigated in psychoacoustic experiments for two kinds of interferences from different directions and with different signal to noise ratio (SNR) signals. Both targets and interferences were produced by loudspeakers in an anechoic room and the correct rates of targets were obtained by listeners' recognition. The results of experiments showed that correct rate was above 99% when only speech targets were in front of listeners, the correct rate was about 57% when speech targets and speech interferences were both in front of listeners, and the correct rate was about 96% when speech targets and speech interferences were produced randomly from a direction of ±60°. When speech targets and interferences were both in front of listeners, it is found that the correct rate dropped from 96% to 34% with decreasing SNR from 0 dB to -12 dB under the condition that noise interferences were in front of listeners. While speech interferences were in front of listeners, the correct rate first dropped, then rose by 27% and after that, resumed its declining. When the noise and speech interferences were produced from a direction of 60°, the correct rate dropped respectively from 99% to 80% and from 98% to 91% with SNR decreasing from -4 dB dB to -16 dB. The conclusions are that the spatial separation has an obvious gain effect on English speech intelligibility of Chinese-native listeners, and the correct rate dropped with SNR decreasing under most situations. This agrees well with the conclusion of the related researches on other native languages.

Chen, Z, Ngo, H, Guo, W, Wang, XC & Luo, L 2011, 'Probabilistic Assessment of Recycled Water Schemes in Australia Using MATLAB Toolbox', Journal of Water Sustainability, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 333-344.
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Hundreds of recycled water schemes have been successfully established in Australia. However, water quality and risks on human health and the environment associated with particular end uses (e.g. irrigation, industrial uses, non-potable urban uses, groundwater recharges, indirect and direct potable reuses) are still of great concern which can limit the application and extension of recycled water. This study analyses representative recycled water schemes in Australia with regard to the sources and corresponding risks of recycled water, risk assessment approaches as well as practical risk control methods towards various end uses. To quantify the risks, this study proposes a probabilistic assessment approach for existing and future water recycling schemes. With the assistance of MATLAB toolbox, the model was able to fit observed data to probability distribution functions (PDFs) and express the percent removal in PDF rather than point values. This approach could be helpful in quantifying risk or percent removal of potential hazards which involve a degree of variability and randomness. The analytical results, when couple with other environmental assessment tools are convinced to be useful for integrated water planning and management in Australia.

Cheng, H, Zhou, Y & Yu, JX 2011, 'Clustering Large Attributed Graphs: A Balance between Structural and Attribute Similarities', ACM TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY FROM DATA, vol. 5, no. 2.
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Cheng, J, Ke, Y, Fu, AW-C & Yu, JX 2011, 'Fast graph query processing with a low-cost index', VLDB JOURNAL, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 521-539.
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Cheng, J, Yu, JX & Yu, PS 2011, 'Graph Pattern Matching: A Join/Semijoin Approach', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 1006-1021.
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Cheng, JL, Qiao, M, Bian, W & Tao, D 2011, '3D Human Posture Segmentation By Spectral Clustering With Surface Normal Constraint', Signal Processing, vol. 91, no. 9, pp. 2204-2212.
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In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for partitioning human posture represented by 3D point clouds sampled from the surface of human body. The algorithm is formed as a constrained extension of the recently developed segmentation method, spectral clu

Cheng, S, Ji, J & Zhou, J 2011, 'Infinite-time and finite-time synchronization of coupled harmonic oscillators', PHYSICA SCRIPTA, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 1-8.
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This paper studies the infinite-time and finite-time synchronization of coupled harmonic oscillators with distributed protocol in the scenarios with and without a leader. In the absence of a leader, the convergence conditions and the final trajectories that each harmonic oscillator follows are developed. In the presence of a leader, it is shown that all harmonic oscillators can achieve the trajectory of the leader in finite time. Numerical simulations of six coupled harmonic oscillators are given to show the effects of the interaction function parameter, algebraic connectivity and initial conditions on the convergence time.

Chiemchaisri, W, Chiemchaisri, C, Dumrongsukit, C, Threedeach, S, Ngo, H & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Removal Of Water-Borne Microorganisms In Floating Media Filter-Microfiltration System For Water Treatment', Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5438-5443.
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Floating plastic media pre-filter (PP) in combination with microfiltration membrane (MF) was applied to the removal of water-borne microorganism from surface water. The system was operated with and with-out coagulant addition. Jar-test results suggested

Chiu, CC & Chaczko, ZC 2011, 'Deployment Of An Agent-based SANET Architecture For Healthcare Services', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 309-315.
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This paper describes the adaptation of a computational technique utilizing Extended Kohonen Maps (EKMs) and Rao-Blackwell-Kolmogorov (R-B) Filtering mechanisms for the administration of Sensor-Actuator networks (SANETs). Inspired by the BDI (Belief-Desir

Chiu, T-T, Lin, C-L, Young, K-Y, Lin, C-T, Hsu, S-H, Yang, B-S & Huang, Z-R 2011, 'A STUDY OF FITTS' LAW ON GOAL-DIRECTED AIMING TASK WITH MOVING TARGETS', PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS, vol. 113, no. 1, pp. 339-352.
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Chong, WT, Naghavi, MS, Poh, SC, Mahlia, TMI & Pan, KC 2011, 'Techno-economic analysis of a wind-solar hybrid renewable energy system with rainwater collection feature for urban high-rise application', APPLIED ENERGY, vol. 88, no. 11, pp. 4067-4077.
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Chonka, A, Xiang, Y, Zhou, W & Bonti, A 2011, 'Cloud security defence to protect cloud computing against HTTP-DoS and XML-DoS attacks', Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 1097-1107.
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Cloud computing is still in its infancy in regards to its software as services (SAS), web services, utility computing and platform as services (PAS). All of these have remained individualized systems that you still need to plug into, even though these systems are heading towards full integration. One of the most serious threats to cloud computing itself comes from HTTP Denial of Service or XML-Based Denial of Service attacks. These types of attacks are simple and easy to implement by the attacker, but to security experts they are twice as difficult to stop. In this paper, we recreate some of the current attacks that attackers may initiate as HTTP and XML. We also offer a solution to traceback through our Cloud TraceBack (CTB) to find the source of these attacks, and introduce the use of a back propagation neutral network, called Cloud Protector, which was trained to detect and filter such attack traffic. Our results show that we were able to detect and filter most of the attack messages and were able to identify the source of the attack within a short period of time. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chou, J, Ben-Nissan, B, Green, DD, Valenzuela, S & Kohan, L 2011, 'Targeting And Dissolution Characteristics Of Bone Forming And Antibacterial Drugs By Harnessing The Structure Of Microspherical Shells From Coral Beach Sand', Advanced Engineering Materials, vol. 13, no. 1-2, pp. 93-99.
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Pharmaceutical drugs for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases lead to a number of side effects due to the their uncontrollable dispersion throughout the body.([1]) Therefore, many groups directed their research to develop devices that are targeted to

Chu, DH, Wang, XZ, Wang, ZJ & Xu, XF 2011, 'Personalized requirement oriented virtual service resource aggregation method', Jisuanji Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Computers, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 2370-2380.
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Personalization and composition are two important features of modern service eco-systems nowadays. A personalized requirements oriented virtual resource aggregation method is proposed in this paper. Service resources are formally described based on multi-dimensioned classification. Personalized requirements from applications are classified, reduced and finally expressed in formal and reusable manners. On this basis, a dynamic pruning based resource aggregation method is presented. The method pays attention to the features of both customer requirements and the organization of service resources. Multiple resources can be dynamically aggregated into coarse-grained virtual resources thus satisfy the requirements rapidly. Experiments show fairly good effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.

Clear, T, Whalley, J, Robbins, P, Philpott, A, Eckerdal, A, Laakso, M & Lister, RF 2011, 'Report on the final BRACElet workshop: Auckland University of Technology, September 2010', Journal of Applied Computing and Information Technology, vol. 15, no. 1.
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Abstract This paper reports on the thirteenth and final BRACElet workshop. In this paper we provide a brief retrospective review of the workshops and the findings that have resulted from this multi-institutional multinational investigation into the teaching and learning of novice programmers. Subsequently we report on the work undertaken during the final workshop and then discuss future avenues for research that have evolved as a result of the BRACElet project.

Clifton-bligh, R, Nguyen, T, Au, A, Bullock, M, Cameron, I, Cumming, R, Chen, J, March, L, Seibel, M & Sambrook, P 2011, 'Contribution Of A Common Variant In The Promoter Of The 1-Alpha-Hydroxylase Gene (Cyp27B1) To Fracture Risk In The Elderly', Calcified Tissue International, vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 109-116.
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Abstract CYP27B1 encodes mitochondrial 1a-hydroxylase, which converts 25-hydroxyvitamin D to its active 1,25- dihydroxylated metabolite. We tested the hypothesis that common variants in the CYP27B1 promoter are associated with fracture risk. The study was designed as a populationbased genetic association study, which involved 153 men and 596 women aged 65101 years, who had been followed for 2.2 years (range 0.15.5) between 1999 and 2006. During the follow-up period, the incidence of fragility fractures was ascertained. Bone ultrasound attenuation (BUA) was measured in all individuals, as were serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and PTH concentrations; 86% subjects had vitamin D insufficiency. Genotypes were determined for the 1260C[A (rs10877012) and ?2838T[C (rs4646536) CYP27B1 polymorphisms.Areporter gene assay was used to assess functional expression of the 1260C[A CYP27B1 variants. The association between genotypes and fracture risk was analyzed by Coxs proportional hazards model. We found that genotypic distribution of CYP27B1 1260 and CYP27B1 ?2838 polymorphisms was consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law. The two polymorphisms were in high linkage disequilibrium, with D0 = 0.96 and r2 = 0.94. Each C allele of the CYP27B1 1260 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of fracture (hazard ratio = 1.34, 95% CI 1.031.73), after adjustment for age, sex, number of falls, and BUA. In transient transfection studies, a reporter gene downstream of the 1260(A)-containing promoter was more highly expressed than that containing the C allele. These data suggest that a common but functional variation within the CYP27B1 promoter gene is associated with fracture risk in the elderly. Keywords Vitamin D 1a-Hydroxylase CYP27B1

Conneely, M, Rolfsnes, HO, Main, C, McGloin, D & Campbell, PA 2011, 'On the accuracy of framing-rate measurements in ultra-high speed rotating mirror cameras', OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 19, no. 17, pp. 16432-16437.
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Dai, J, Gao, W & Zhang, N 2011, 'Random Displacement And Acceleration Responses Of Vehicles With Uncertainty', Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 1221-1229.
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Dynamic displacement and acceleration responses of cars with uncertain parameters under random road input excitations are investigated by using a quarter-car model. Based on the theory of random vibration, the vehicle's random displacement and accelerati

Datta, N & Hsieh, M-H 2011, 'The apex of the family tree of protocols: optimal rates and resource inequalities', NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS, vol. 13.
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Dehestani, D, Eftekhari, F, Guo, Y, Ling, SS, Su, S & Nguyen, HT 2011, 'Online support vector machine application for model based fault detection and isolation of HVAC system', International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 66-72.
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Abstract—Preventive maintenance plays an important role in Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. One cost effective strategy is the development of analytic fault detection and isolation (FDI) module by online monitoring the key variables of HAVC systems. This paper investigates realtime FDI for HAVC system by using online Support Vector Machine (SVM), by which we are able to train a FDI system with manageable complexity under real time working conditions. It is also proposed a new approach which allows us to detect unknown faults and updating the classifier by using these previously unknown faults. Based on the proposed approach, a semi unsupervised fault detection methodology has been developed for HVAC systems

Dengler, KA, Scarfe, G, Redshaw, S & Wilson, V 2011, 'The heart beads program', Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, vol. 16, pp. 80-84.
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From July 2008 through June 2009, 760 infants and children with cardiac conditions were admitted to a pediatric hospital in Australia with approximately 360 cardiac surgical procedures performed. This was the first experience in hospital for many of these children, with diagnoses signaling the beginning of a long and arduous journey. These children undergo multiple treatments and procedures, as well as multiple admissions for further surgeries. Procedures in any regard can cause stress and anxiety, especially in children who often have limited understanding and so little control over what happens to them (Lau, 2002).

Devitt, SJ, Munro, WJ & Nemoto, K 2011, 'High performance quantum computing', Progress in Informatics, no. 8, pp. 49-55.
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The architecture scalability afforded by recent proposals of a large-scale photonic-based quantum computer allows us to move on to a discussion of massively scaled Quantum Information Processing (QIP). In this paper, we consider the quantum analogue of High Performance Computing (HPC), where a dedicated server farm is utilized by many users to run algorithms and share quantum data. We introduce both a trusted mainframe model as a quantum extension of classical HPC and a model where quantum security is achieved during computation. The scaling structure of the optical architecture leads to an attractive future for server based QIP, where dedicated mainframes can be constructed and/or expanded to serve an increasingly hungry user base with the ideal resource for individual quantum information processing. © 2011 National Institute of Informatics.

Devitt, SJ, Stephens, AM, Munro, WJ & Nemoto, K 2011, 'Integration of highly probabilistic sources into optical quantum architectures: perpetual quantum computation', NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS, vol. 13.
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Do, T & Sharma, D 2011, 'Vietnam's energy sector: A review of current energy policies and strategies', Energy Policy, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 5770-5777.
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Since the introduction of market-oriented economy in 1986, Vietnam has made noticeable socio-economic progress. In this progress, the energy sector has played a vital role. This role is likely to deepen in the years to come as Vietnam strives to achieve even higher levels in economic progress. Such deepening in the role of energy, this paper argues, will heighten concerns about the security of energy supply, and economic, environmental, social and political consequences. In order to address these issues, Vietnam has over the last decade, developed a suite of energy policies. A deeper review of these policies suggests that they are typified by economic-growth orientation, exclusive focus on a single-sector or single issue, and largely neglect the significance of cross-sectoral and cross-thematic issues arising from the interdependencies between energy, economy, and the polity at large. The existing energy policy settings are, therefore, unlikely to be able to provide a satisfactory redress to the challenges noted above. This paper provides an overview of the current energy policies with a view to identify areas where further policy effort is needed in order to facilitate a sustainable development of the Vietnamese energy sector.

Dong, G, Zhang, N & Du, H 2011, 'Investigation Into Untripped Rollover Of Light Vehicles In The Modified Fishhook And The Sine Manoeuvres, Part II: Effects Of Vehicle Inertia Property, Suspension And Tyre Characteristics', Vehicle System Dynamics, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 949-968.
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In this paper, as a continuation of part I of [N. Zhang, G.M. Dong, and H.P. Du, Investigation into untripped rollover of light vehicles in the modified fishhook and the sine manoeuvres, part I: vehicle modelling, roll and yaw instability, Veh. Syst. Dyn

Dong, H & Hussain, FK 2011, 'Focused Crawling for Automatic Service Discovery, Annotation, and Classification in Industrial Digital Ecosystems', IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 2106-2116.
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Digital Ecosystems make use of Service Factories for service entities' publishing, classification, and management. However, before the emergence of Digital Ecosystems, there existed ubiquitous and heterogeneous service information in the Business Ecosyst

Dong, H & Hussain, FK 2011, 'Semantic service matchmaking for digital health ecosystems', Knowledge-based Systems, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 761-774.
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The vision of Digital Ecosystems was initiated by the European Commission, with the purpose of constructing an information and communication technology environment to facilitate the sustainable development of small and medium enterprises. As a key sub-domain of Digital Ecosystems, Digital Health Ecosystems provide crucial services to maintain the health of the main participants of Digital Ecosystems. We are concerned with the large-scale, ambiguous, heterogeneous, and untrustworthy nature of health service information in Digital Health Ecosystems. An intensive survey found that current research cannot support accurate and trustworthy matchmaking between health service requests and health service advertisements in Digital Health Ecosystems. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a framework for a semantic service matchmaker that takes into account the ambiguous, heterogeneous nature of service information in Digital Health Ecosystems. This framework is designed to make four major contributions, which are health service domain knowledge modeling, online health service information disambiguation, health service query disambiguation and health service quality evaluation and ranking. In order to thoroughly evaluate this framework, we implement a prototype - a Semantic Health Service Search Engine, and conduct a series of experiments on the prototype using a functional testing and simulation approach

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2011, 'A context-aware semantic similarity model for ontology environments', Concurrency and Computation, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 505-524.
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While many researchers have contributed to the field of semantic similarity models so far, we find that most of the models are designed for the semantic network environment. When applying the semantic similarity model within the semantic-rich ontology en

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2011, 'A framework for discovering and classifying ubiquitous services in digital health ecosystems', Journal of Computer and System Sciences, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 687-704.
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A digital ecosystem is a widespread type of ubiquitous computing environment comprised of ubiquitous, geographically dispersed, and heterogeneous species, technologies and services. As a subdomain of the digital ecosystems, digital health ecosystems are crucial for the stability and sustainable development of the digital ecosystems. However, since the service information in the digital health ecosystems exhibits the same features as those in the digital ecosystems, it is difficult for a service consumer to precisely and quickly retrieve a service provider for a given health service request. Consequently, it is a matter of urgency that a technology is developed to discover and classify the health service information obtained from the digital health ecosystems. A survey of state-of-the-art semantic service discovery technologies reveals that no significant research effort has been made in this area. Hence, in this paper, we present a framework for discovering and classifying the vast amount of service information present in the digital health ecosystems. The framework incorporates the technology of semantic focused crawler and social classification. A series of experiments are conducted in order to respectively evaluate the framework and the employed mathematical model.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2011, 'A service concept recommendation system for enhancing the dependability of semantic service matchmakers in the service ecosystem environment', Journal Of Network And Computer Applications, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 619-631.
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A Service Ecosystem is a biological view of the business and software environment, which is comprised of a Service Use Ecosystem and a Service Supply Ecosystem. Service matchmakers play an important role in ensuring the connectivity between the two ecosystems. Current matchmakers attempt to employ ontologies to disambiguate service consumers' service queries by semantically classifying service entities and providing a series of human computer interactions to service consumers. However, the lack of relevant service domain knowledge and the wrong service queries could prevent the semantic service matchmakers from seeking the service concepts that can be used to correctly represent service requests. To resolve this issue, in this paper, we propose the framework of a service concept recommendation system, which is built upon a semantic similarity model. This system can be employed to seek the concepts used to correctly represent service consumers' requests, when a semantic service matchmaker finds that the service concepts that are eventually retrieved cannot match the service requests. Whilst many similar semantic similarity models have been developed to date, most of them focus on distance-based measures for the semantic network environment and ignore content-based measures for the ontology environment. For the ontology environment in which concepts are defined with sufficient datatype properties, object properties, and restrictions etc., the content of concepts should be regarded as an important factor in concept similarity measures. Hence, we present a novel semantic similarity model for the service ontology environment. The technical details and evaluation details of the framework are discussed in this paper

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2011, 'A Service Search Engine for the Industrial Digital Ecosystems', IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 2183-2196.
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Digital ecosystem (DE) is comprised of heterogeneous and distributed species which can play the dual role of service provider and service requester. Nowadays, DE lacks semantic search support, which means it cannot provide a reliable and trustworthy link

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2011, 'ORPMS: An Ontology-based Real-time Project Monitoring System in the Cloud', Journal of Universal Computer Science, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 1161-1182.
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Dorrell, DG 2011, 'Sources and Characteristics of Unbalanced Magnetic Pull in 3-Phase Cage Induction Motors with Axial-Varying Rotor Eccentricity', IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 12-24.
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This paper puts forward a model for assessing unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) due to rotor eccentricity in cage induction motors that takes into account the axial variation in the eccentricity. It is tested using ten- and four-pole machines with experimental results validating the model. This paper assesses the effects of rotor differential flux, saturation, bar number, and variable-frequency operation on the UMP and highlights the key points for the generation of UMP in cage induction motors. Both dynamic and static eccentricities are studied.

Dorrell, DG & Cavagnino, A 2011, 'SPECIAL SECTION ON INNOVATION IN ELECTRICAL MACHINE DESIGN FOR VARIABLE-SPEED AND POWER DRIVES', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 58, no. 9, pp. 3720-3722.
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Dorrell, DG & Popescu, M 2011, 'Effect of Winding Asymmetries and Winding Connection on Small Synchronous Machines', IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 2453-2459.
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This paper reports on the study of winding asymmetries in small synchronous generators. These types of generator are commonly used in diesel generator or back-up systems and are usually no more than a few or few tens of kilowatts with two, four, or six salient poles. The three-phase winding is 120 deg pitched, but often, lap windings are not used, rather, a hybrid of concentric winding and double layering is utilized. There are sound manufacturing reasons for this, and these are explained. This leads to small asymmetries in the phase-belt inductances and ?eld-induced voltages. This is examined and validated experimentally. This paper discusses the techniques that are used to analyze the machine. These are analytical methods. The methods address the correct positional coil groupings in the slots to obtain back electromotive forces, mutual and self-inductances, and line currents. These are obtained over a varying load range.

Dorrell, DG & Popescu, M 2011, 'Odd Stator Slot Numbers in Brushless DC Machines - An Aid to Cogging Torque Reduction', IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 47, pp. 3012-3015.
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Brushless permanent-magnet dc machines often use an integral number of slots per pole (e.g., 3 slots/pole) with fully pitched coils in order to obtain a good trapezoidal back-electromotive-force (emf) waveform. However, this can lead to high cogging torque and load torque ripple. A simple solution is to add one additional slot so that the reluctance slotting that causes the ripple is removed, but the winding pattern is closely retained. This paper illustrates that simple design modi?cation, where one additional slot is used so that the machine does not have an integral number of slots per pole. In this paper, the arrangement is analyzed using simple winding analysis and a ?nite-element analysis which gives more preciseness to calculations. It is found that there is a substantial reduction in cogging and load torque oscillation, thus proving the principle. However, the stator windings are slightly unbalanced and this can lead to vibration. This is also investigated and the resulting unbalanced magnetic pull under load is found to be present but of a low magnitude.

Dorrell, DG, Knight, AM & Betz, RE 2011, 'Improvements in Brushless Doubly-Fed Reluctance Generators Using High Flux Density Steels and Selection of the Correct Pole Numbers', IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 4092-4095.
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The brushless doubly fed reluctance machine consists of a stator containing two winding sets if different pole number linked by a reluctance type of rotor. This paper studies the magnetic performance of machines with different pole combinations aimed for use in a 2 MW wind turbine. This paper investigates the use of high-?ux-density steels in order to observe the in?uence on torque density. An increase of 27% in performance is observed. In the second part of this paper, the unbalanced magnetic pull on the rotor is investigated. It has been suggested that a 4/6 pole may be suitable for this application, but it is illustrated that the rotor experiences high radial forces that may negate the use of this type of machine due to excessive bearing wear over a prolonged period.

Dorrell, DG, Knight, AM & Popescu, M 2011, 'Performance Improvement in High-Performance Brushless Rare-Earth Magnet Motors for Hybrid Vehicles by Use of High Flux-Density Steel', IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 3016-3019.
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Hybrid and electrical vehicles use mostly high-ef?ciency brushless permanent-magnet AC motors and sinewave drives. The motors utilize rare-earth magnet material and also are required to have a very high torque-per-rotor volume. The designs are now very well re?ned and often use interior permanent-magnet (IPM) rotors for a better ?eld weakening control. This con?guration has been shown to increase the ef?ciency. In this paper, the Toyota Prius 2004 motor is modeled using ?nite element analysis with different laminated steel materials in order to assess the effectiveness of using high ?ux-density steel versus the material volume. Additionally to the IPM rotor in the manufactured design, a spoke magnet rotor is also investigated. It is found that using high ?ux-density laminated steel will either increase the performance of the motor or allow the motor to be reduced in size (in this case, reduction in axial length).

Dorrell, DG, Popescu, M, Hsieh, M, Evans, L, Staton, D & Grout, V 2011, 'A Review of the Design Issues and Techniques for Radial-Flux Brushless Surface and Internal Rare-Earth Permanent Magnet Motors', IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 9, pp. 3741-3757.
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This paper reviews many design issues and analysis techniques for the brushless permanent-magnet machine. It reviews the basic requirements for the use of both ac and dc machines and issues concerning the selection of pole number, winding layout, rotor topology, drive strategy, ?eld weakening, and cooling. These are key issues in the design of a motor. Leading-edge design techniques are illustrated. This paper is aimed as a tutor for motor designers who may be unfamiliar with this particular type of machine

Dorrell, DG, Shek, J, Hsieh, M & Mueller, MA 2011, 'Unbalanced Magnetic Pull in Cage Induction Machines for Fixed-Speed Renewable Energy Generators', IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 47, pp. 4096-4099.
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The paper addresses unbalanced magnet pull (UMP) due to rotor eccentricity in cage induction generators used in wind turbines. The rationale for the work is to investigate ways to reduce bearing wear. The paper studies both static and dynamic rotor eccentricity with axial uniformity and also non-uniformity (e.g., due to a misplaced bearing). The damping action of the cage is discussed and a suitable analytical model used to calculate the UMP. Both sub- and super-synchronous UMP is investigated. It is found that the characteristic for the UMP varies depending on whether there is static or dynamic eccentricity. A use of additional damper windings is also investigated and it is found that these can help substantially reduce the UMP when the machine is lightly loaded with dynamic eccentricity. A previously investigated 10-pole machine is used in the simulations. The analytical model has previously been validated for this. The range of simulation covers both motoring and generating modes ( 10% slip). This, together with the simulation of the UMP damping windings, represents a good contribution to the literature since they have not been previously addressed.

Douglas, C, Fildes, B & Gibson, T 2011, 'Modeling occupants in far-side impacts', Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 508-517.
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Far-side impacts are not part of any regulated NCAP, FMVSS, or similar test regime despite accounting for 43 percent of the seriously injured persons and 30 percent of the harm in U.S. side impact crashes. Furthermore, injuries to the head and thorax account for over half of the serious injuries sustained by occupants in far-side crashes. Despite this, there is no regulated or well-accepted anthropomorphic test device (ATD) or computer model available to investigate far-side impacts. As such, this presents an opportunity to assess a computer model that can be used to measure the effect of varying restraint parameters on occupant biomechanics in far-side impacts. Objective: This study sets out to demonstrate the modified TASS human facet model's (MOTHMO) capabilities in modeling whole-body response in far-side impacts. Method: MOTHMO's dynamic response was compared to that of postmortem human subjects (PMHS), WorldSID, and Thor-NT in a series of far-side sled tests. The advantages, disadvantages, and differences of using MOTHMO compared to ATDs were highlighted and described in terms of model design and instrumentation. Potential applications and improvements for MOTHMO were also recommended. Results: The results showed that MOTHMO is capable of replicating the seat belt-to-shoulder complex interaction, pelvis impacts, head displacement, neck and shoulder belt loading from inboard mounted belts, and impacts from multiple directions. Overall, the model performed better than Thor-NT and at least as well as WorldSID when compared to PMHS results. Though WorldSID and Thor-NT ATDs were capable of reproducing many of these impact loads, measuring the seat belt-to-shoulder complex interaction and thoracic deflection at multiple sites and directions was less accurately handled. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that MOTHMO is capable of modeling whole-body response in far-side impacts. Furthermore, MOTHMO can be used as a virtual design tool to explore the effect of var...

Dovey, KA & Muller, E 2011, 'Dangerous Learning in Edgy Contexts: Creativity and Innovation in the South African Arts Domain', International Journal of Lifelong Education, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 613-629.
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n this paper, we outline a pilot project aimed at exploring the role of contextual factors in the facilitation of creativity and innovation within a range of South African art forms. Interviews with 11 people who have rich experience of the South African art domain delivered an insightful perspective on the contextual factors driving lifelong creativity and its continuous realization in innovative outcomes within these art forms.

Du, C, Yang, J, Wu, Q & He, S 2011, 'Locating facial landmarks by support vector machine-based active shape model', International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications, vol. 10, pp. 151-170.
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Active shape model (ASM) plays an important role in face research such as face recognition, pose estimation and gaze estimation. A crucial step of the common ASM is finding a new position for each facial landmark at each iteration. Mahalanobis distance minimisation is used for this finding, provided there are enough training data such that the grey-level profiles for each landmark following a multivariate Gaussian distribution. However, this condition could not be satisfied in most cases. In this paper, a novel method support vector machine-based active shape model (SVMBASM) is proposed for this task. It approaches the finding task as a small sample size classification problem. Moreover, considering the poor classification performance caused by the imbalanced dataset which contains more negative instances (incorrect candidates for new position) than positive instances (correct candidates for new position), a multi-class classification framework is further proposed. Performance evaluation on Shanghai Jiao Tong University face database shows that the proposed SVMBASM outperforms the original ASM in terms of the average error and average frequency of convergence.

Du, H, Li, W & Zhang, N 2011, 'Semi-active Variable Stiffness Vibration Control Of Vehicle Seat Suspension Using An MR Elastomer Isolator', Smart Materials & Structures, vol. 20, pp. 1-10.
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This paper presents a study on continuously variable stiffness control of vehicle seat suspension using a magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) isolator. A concept design for an MRE isolator is proposed in the paper and its behavior is experimentally evaluated. An integrated seat suspension model, which includes a quarter-car suspension and a seat suspension with a driver body model, is used to design a sub-optimal H controller for an active isolator. The desired control force generated by this active isolator is then emulated by the MRE isolator through its continuously variable stiffness property when the actuating condition is met. The vibration control effect of the MRE isolator is evaluated in terms of driver body acceleration responses under both bump and random road conditions. The results show that the proposed control strategy achieves better vibration reduction performance than conventional on-off control.

Du, H, Zhang, N & Naghdy, F 2011, 'Actuator Saturation Control Of Uncertain Structures With Input Time Delay', Journal Of Sound And Vibration, vol. 330, no. 18-19, pp. 4399-4412.
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This paper presents a robust saturation control approach for active vibration attenuation of building structures involving parameter uncertainties and input time delay. The parameter uncertainties are described in both polytopic and norm-bounded forms an

Du, H, Zhang, N & Naghdy, F 2011, 'Robust control of vehicle electrorheological suspension subject to measurement noises', Vehicle System Dynamics, vol. 49, no. 1-2, pp. 257-275.
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In this paper, a novel robust control approach is presented for a semi-active suspension with electrorheological (ER) dampers considering suspension parameter uncertainties, control input constraint, and measurement noises. By representing the suspension with parameter uncertainties in a polytopic form, applying a norm-bounded approach to handle control input constraint, and constructing an appropriate observer to estimate state variables from noisy measurements, the design of this controller is realised by solving a finite number of linear matrix inequalities with optimised Hâ performance on ride comfort and estimation error. Numerical simulations on a quarter-car suspension with an ER damper are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The obtained results show that the designed controller can achieve good suspension performance despite the presence of measurement noises and the variations on sprung mass and ER damper time constant with constrained control input.

Du, H, Zhang, N & Naghdy, F 2011, 'Velocity-dependent robust control for improving vehicle lateral dynamics', Transportation Research. Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 454-468.
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In this paper, a yaw moment controller of which parameters are dependent on the vehicle forward velocity is designed for improving vehicle handling and stability. Robustness of the controller is enhanced with considering the parameter uncertainties arising from tyre cornering stiffness and the actuator saturation limitations resulting from some physical constraints and tyreâroad conditions into the controller design process. The design of the controller is achieved by solving finite numbers of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Effectiveness of the designed controller is shown through numerical simulations performed on a nonlinear vehicle model. Improved performance on vehicle handling and stability can be observed from the sideslip angle and yaw rate responses under a J-turn manoeuvre with different vehicle forward velocities, road conditions, and actuator saturation limitations.

Du, Y & Lu, DD-C 2011, 'Battery-integrated boost converter utilizing distributed MPPT configuration for photovoltaic systems', SOLAR ENERGY, vol. 85, no. 9, pp. 1992-2002.
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Duan, L, Li, W, Tsang, I & Xu, D 2011, 'Improving Web Image Search by Bag-based Re-ranking', IEEE Transactions On Image Processing, vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 3280-3290.
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Given a textual query in traditional text-based image retrieval (TBIR), relevant images are to be reranked using visual features after the initial text-based search. In this paper, we propose a new bag-based reranking framework for large-scale TBIR. Specifically, we first cluster relevant images using both textual and visual features. By treating each cluster as a bag and the images in the bag as instances, we formulate this problem as a multi-instance (MI) learning problem. MI learning methods such as mi-SVM can be readily incorporated into our bag-based reranking framework. Observing that at least a certain portion of a positive bag is of positive instances while a negative bag might also contain positive instances, we further use a more suitable generalized MI (GMI) setting for this application. To address the ambiguities on the instance labels in the positive and negative bags under this GMI setting, we develop a new method referred to as GMI-SVM to enhance retrieval performance by propagating the labels from the bag level to the instance level. To acquire bag annotations for (G)MI learning, we propose a bag ranking method to rank all the bags according to the defined bag ranking score. The top ranked bags are used as pseudopositive training bags, while pseudonegative training bags can be obtained by randomly sampling a few irrelevant images that are not associated with the textual query. Comprehensive experiments on the challenging real-world data set NUS-WIDE demonstrate our framework with automatic bag annotation can achieve the best performances compared with existing image reranking methods. Our experiments also demonstrate that GMI-SVM can achieve better performances when using the manually labeled training bags obtained from relevance feedback.

Duncan, E, Danoy, P, Kemp, J, Leo, P, Mccloskey, E, Nicholson, G, Eastell, R, Prince, R, Eisman, J, Jones, G, Sambrook, P, Reid, I, Dennison, E, Wark, J, Richards, J, Uitterlinden, A, Spector, T, Esapa, C, Cox, R, Brown, S, Thakker, R, Addison, KA, Bradbury, LA, Center, J, Cooper, C, Cremin, C, Estrada, K, Felsenberg, D, Gluer, C, Hadler, J, Henry, MJ, Hofman, A, Kotowicz, MA, Makovey, J, Nguyen, SC, Nguyen, T, Pasco, JA, Pryce, K, Reid, DM, Rivadeneira, F, Roux, C, Stefansson, K, Styrkarsdottir, U, Thorleifsson, G, Tichawangana, R, Evans, DM & Brown, MA 2011, 'Genome-Wide Association Study Using Extreme Truncate Selection Identifies Novel Genes Affecting Bone Mineral Density And Fracture Risk', PLoS Genetics, vol. 7, no. 4.
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Osteoporotic fracture is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a major predisposing factor to fracture and is known to be highly heritable. Site-, gender-, and age- specific genetic effects on BMD are thoug

Dyadyuk, V, Huang, X, Stokes, L & Pathikulangara, J 2011, 'Implementation of wideband digital beam forming in the E-band', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 259-266.
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Dyson, LE & Litchfield, AJ 2011, 'Advancing Collaboration between M-Learning Researchers and Practitioners through an Online Portal and Web 2.0 Technologies', International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 64-72.
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With growing interest in mobile learning to address the educational requirements of a generation of students who have grown up with digital technology, and given the widespread adoption of mobile devices by indigenous people and in developing countries, there is a need for improved practice and better theoretical understanding of m-learning. This could be achieved through a more accessible body of knowledge of m-learning principles, teaching strategies and case-studies. This paper proposes the establishment of an online portal to influence and support good m-learning practice. An m-learning portal, incorporating a range of online, Web 2.0 and mobile technologies, would foster collaboration between researchers and educators and inform emerging national and international approaches using mobile technologies at all levels of the education sector and across all disciplines.

Eager, DM 2011, 'Playground equipment - certification and compliance', Education Matters, vol. Primary, pp. 32-34.

Eager, DM 2011, 'Playground inspection, maintenance and operation', Australasian Parks and Leisure Journal, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 13-15.

Ebrahimi Warkiani, M, Lou, CP & Gong, HQ 2011, 'Fabrication of multi-layer polymeric micro-sieve having narrow slot pores with conventional ultraviolet-lithography and micro-fabrication techniques', Biomicrofluidics, vol. 5, no. 3.
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Fast detection of waterborne pathogens is important for securing the hygiene of drinking water. Detection of pathogens in water at low concentrations and minute quantities demands rapid and efficient enrichment methods in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of bio-sensors. We propose and demonstrate a low cost and rapid method to fabricate a multi-layer polymeric micro-sieve using conventional lithography techniques. The micro-fabricated micro-sieves are made of several layers of SU-8 photoresist using multiple coating and exposure steps and a single developing process. The obtained micro-sieves have good mechanical properties, smooth surfaces, high porosity (≈40%), and narrow pore size distribution (coefficient of variation < 3.33%). Sample loading and back-flushing using the multi-layer micro-sieve resulted in more than 90% recovery of pathogens, which showed improved performance than current commercial filters. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.

Ebrahimi, T, Karam, L, Pereira, F, El-Maleh, K & Burnett, I 2011, 'The quality of multimedia: Challenges and trends [From the Guest Editors]', IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 28, no. 6.
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One of the most visible consequences of progress in multimedia has been an increase in quality of the products and services offered. Nowadays, there is no longer only a question of which features are to be included in multimedia applications but also how well they contribute to the quality of user experience. © 2011 IEEE.

El Saliby, I, Erdei, L, Shon, H & Kim, J 2011, 'Development of visible light sensitive titania photocatalysts by combined nitrogen and silver doping', Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 358-363.
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In this study we present the effects of non-metal (nitrogen) and metal/non-metal (silver/nitrogen) dopants on titanium dioxide (TiO2) in synthesising visible-light reactive photocatalysts. Nanopowders of TiO2-N and TiO2-NâAg were synthesised using a simple procedure at room temperature. For nitrogen doping, a dispersion of Degussa P-25 was treated with ammonium hydroxide. The obtained modified catalyst was further treated with silver nitrate powder to facilitate silver-nitrogen co-doping. The produced catalysts were characterised using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and specific surface area measurements. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray and transmission electron microscopy were adapted to detect changes in the morphology and in the chemical composition of synthesised catalysts. The results show that both the morphology and appearance of catalysts were modified to yield nanopowders of yellowish color and relatively high specific surface area. Methylene blue (MB) dye was used as a model aquatic contaminant in 23 mg/L concentration to study the performance of these novel photocatalysts in an aerobic mixed batch reactor system under white light irradiation. Both nitrogen and nitrogen-silver co-doping lead to visible light sensitivity and the new catalysts showed remarkable activities in the decolorisation of MB.

El Saliby, I, Erdei, L, Shon, H, Kim, JB & Kim, J 2011, 'Preparation and characterisation of mesoporous photoactive Na-titanate microspheres', Catalysis Today, vol. 164, no. 1, pp. 370-376.
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Mesoporous Na-titanate microspheres were fabricated by a simple low temperature hydrothermal synthesis. Microsphereswereobtained after treating TiO2 (Degussa P-25) with a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at 25â¦C and 80 â¦C. The as-prepared powders were characterised by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorptionâdesorption measurements and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The as-prepared microspheres were calcined at 550 â¦C to investigate the effect of calcination on morphology and characteristics. Microspheres were tested for the adsorption and photodecomposition of methylene blue (MB) under ultraviolet light. The results revealed that microspheres with average diameter of 700nmwere formed by self-assembly of tiny TiO2 nanoparticles during the reaction at 25 â¦C, whereas spherical aggregation of nanofibres was detected in powders produced at 80 â¦C. Calcination of samples had low impact on morphology, adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of MB. These novel materials are effective adsorbents of MB, and also capable of its photodecolorisation.

El Saliby, I, Shon, H, Kandasamy, JK & Kim, J 2011, 'Synthesis, characterisation and separation of photoreactive Hydrogen-titanate nanofibrous channel', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 202-207.
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Australia is the world's largest wool producing country, accounting for about 25â30% of world production. As a biotemplate, we explored the possibility of using wool to produce micro-channel of Hydrogentitanate nanofibres through morphology transcription of wool microfibres. Hydrothermal method was adopted to synthesise titanate nanofibres. A facile method of impregnation followed by incineration at 600 â¦C was utilised to prepare the nanofibrous channel. Anatase undoped nanofibrous (average nanofibre diameter = 44 nm) channel of around 50min length and an average diameter of 9.5mwere obtained. The photocatalytic activity of nanofibrous channel was monitored under UV irradiation for the decomposition of humic acid in aqueous solution using an aerobic batch reactor system. The photodegradation results showed that UV254 absorbing moeities and DOC were respectively reduced by 82% and 66% after 3 h of photoreaction at 1 g/L catalyst load. The novel nanofibrous channel could be easily separated from the aqueous suspension by sedimentation after the end of the photocatalytic reaction.

Erkmen, E & Attard, M 2011, 'Displacement-based finite element formulations for material-nonlinear analysis of composite beams and treatment of locking behaviour', Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 1293-1305.
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In this paper a numerical procedure is developed for the material-nonlinear analysis of composite beams composed of two Euler-Bernoulli beams juxtaposed with a deformable shear connection. In the displacement-based finite element analysis of composite beams, however, the coupling of the transverse and longitudinal displacement fields may cause oscillations in the interlayer slip field and reduction in optimal convergence rate, known as slip-locking. A very simple and novel procedure is introduced to develop an assumed strain formulation, which alleviates slip-locking in the numerical analysis of composite beams and provides superconvergent points for slip values. It is also shown that by changing the primary variable fields of Newmark's mathematical model, to interpolate the slip field directly, slip-locking can be completely eliminated. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the performances and the numerical characteristics of the proposed methods.

Erkmen, E & Attard, M 2011, 'Lateral-torsional buckling analysis of thin-walled beams including shear and pre-buckling deformation effects', International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, vol. 53, no. 10, pp. 918-925.
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In this paper, lateral-torsional buckling behavior of open-section thin-walled beams is investigated based on a geometrically nonlinear formulation, which considers the effects of shear deformations. A finite element numerical solution along with an incremental-iterative solution procedure is adopted to trace the pre-buckling as well as the post-buckling equilibrium paths. Formulation is applicable to a general type of open-section and load position effects are also included. Numerical results are validated through comparisons with experimental results and those based on other formulations presented in the literature. Comparisons have also been made between the results based on fully nonlinear analysis and linearized buckling analysis in order to illustrate the effects of pre-buckling deformations as well as the shear deformations on the buckling load predictions. Examples illustrate the influence of beam slenderness and moment gradient on the effects of pre-buckling deformations in predicting bucking loads.

Erkmen, E & Bradford, MA 2011, 'Coupling of finite element and meshfree methods for locking-free analysis of shear-deformable beams and plates', Engineering Computations: international journal for computer-aided engineering and software, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 1003-1027.
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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop a computational technique to couple finite element and meshfree methods for locking-free analysis of shear deformable beams and plates, and to impose the boundary conditions directly when the matching field approach is adopted in the meshfree region. Design/methodology/approach: Matching field approach eliminates shear-locking which may occur due to inconsistencies in the approximations of the transverse displacement and rotation fields in shear-deformable beams and plates. Continuous blending method is modified in order to be able to satisfy the constraint conditions of the matching field strategy. Findings: For both transverse displacement and rotation fields, the developed technique produces approximation functions that satisfy the Kronecker delta property at the required nodes of the meshfree region when the matching field approach is adopted. Originality/value: This approach allows for direct assembly of the stiffness matrices that are built for separate finite element and meshfree regions when the matching field approach is adopted. The boundary conditions can be directly applied, and the reaction forces can also be calculated directly from the structural stiffness matrix by using the developed technique.

Erkmen, E & Bradford, MA 2011, 'Nonlinear Inelastic Dynamic Analysis of I-Beams Curved In-Plan', Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 137, no. 11, pp. 1373-1380.
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This paper presents a finite-element formulation for the dynamic analysis of I-beams curved in-plan, in which geometric nonlinearities owing to large deflections and inelastic material behavior are taken into account. The developed finite element is based on the total Lagrangian formulation. Wagner and warping effects are considered in the analysis. The nonlinear dynamic equilibrium equations are solved by using Newmark's step by step numerical integration procedure. The von Mises associative isotropic hardening model is used to formulate the metal plasticity. The elastic predictor-radial corrector algorithm is used to consider gradual yielding on the cross section and along the beam. Simpler finite-element formulations are also developed by excluding the effects of geometric and material nonlinearities. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the significance of the effects of geometric and material nonlinearities on the dynamic behavior of I-beams that are curved in-plan.

Erkmen, E & Bradford, MA 2011, 'Nonlinear Quasi-Viscoelastic Behavior of Composite Beams Curved In-Plan', Journal Of Engineering Mechanics-asce, vol. 137, no. 4, pp. 238-247.
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A numerical formulation for the nonlinear quasi-viscoelastic (creep and shrinkage) analysis of steel-concrete composite beams that are curved in their plan is developed. The creep behavior of the concrete is considered by using the viscoelastic Maxwell-Weichert model, in which the aging effect of the concrete is taken into account. Geometric nonlinearities and the partial shear interaction that exist at the deckgirder interface in the tangential (or longitudinal) direction and in the radial (or horizontal) direction owing to the flexibility of the shear connectors are considered in the strain-displacement relationship. The modeling based on the developed formulation is validated by comparisons with available results reported in the literature. The effects of initial curvature, partial interaction, and geometric nonlinearity on the time-dependent behavior of curved composite beams are illustrated in selected examples.

Erkmen, E & Bradford, MA 2011, 'Time-dependent creep and shrinkage analysis of composite beams curved in-plan', Computers & Structures, vol. 89, no. 1-2, pp. 67-77.
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This paper develops a numerical formulation for the time-dependent creep and shrinkage analysis of steelâconcrete composite beams that are curved in-plan under conditions of service load. The creep behaviour of the concrete is considered by using the viscoelastic Wiechert model, in which the aging effect of the concrete is taken into account. The curved composite beam model that is developed also accounts for the partial shear interaction at the deck-girder interface in the tangential (or longitudinal) direction, as well as in the radial (or horizontal) direction, due to the flexibility of the shear connectors. Models based on the developed formulation are validated by comparisons with sophisticated and computationally intensive ABAQUS shell element models, and with available results reported in the literature. The effects of initial curvature and partial interaction on the time-dependent behaviour of curved composite beams are also illustrated in the examples.

Erkmen, E & Bradford, MA 2011, 'Treatment of slip locking for displacement-based finite element analysis of composite beam-columns', International Journal For Numerical Methods In Engineering, vol. 85, no. 7, pp. 805-826.
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In the conventional displacement-based finite element analysis of composite beamâcolumns that consist of two EulerâBernoulli beams juxtaposed with a deformable shear connection, the coupling of the transverse and longitudinal displacement fields may cause oscillations in slip field and reduction in optimal convergence rate, known as slip locking. This locking phenomenon is typical of multi-field problems of this type, and is known to produce erroneous results for the displacement-based finite element analysis of composite beamâcolumns based on cubic transverse and linear longitudinal interpolation fields. This paper introduces strategies including the assumed strain method, discrete strain gap method, and kinematic interpolatory technique to alleviate the oscillations in slip and curvature, and improve the convergence performance of the displacement-based finite element analysis of composite beamâcolumns. A systematic solution of the differential equations of equilibrium is also provided, and a superconvergent element is developed in this paper. Numerical results presented illustrate the accuracy of the proposed modifications. The solutions based on the superconvergent element provide benchmark results for the performance of these proposed formulations.

Fang, F, Ni, B, Li, W, Sheng, G & Yu, H 2011, 'A simulation-based integrated approach to optimize the biological nutrient removal process in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, vol. 174, no. 2-3, pp. 635-643.
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Farrokhnia, A, Pirasteh, S, Pradhan, B, Pourkermani, M & Arian, M 2011, 'A recent scenario of mass wasting and its impact on the transportation in Alborz Mountains, Iran using geo-information technology', Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 4, no. 7-8, pp. 1337-1349.

Fatahi, B, Engelbert, D, Mujic, S & Khabbaz, H 2011, 'Effects of preloading on soft clay improvement using deep soil mixing', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 63-71.
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Poor performing soils, particularly soft clays, are more prevalent around lakes and coastal environments, where demand for construction is generally higher. It is therefore critical that snitable ground improvement techniques be developed and refined to ensure these sites perform satisfactorily under applied structural loads. There is a clear trend in geotechnical construction to further develop technologies such as Deep Soil Mixing (DSM), using cement, lime, fly ash or bottom ash, with an aim to improve the mechanical properties of problematic soils. In this study, the influence of surcharge (10 kPa to 120 kPa) applied during curing on soil-cement columns is investigated using two different clay types, namely kaolinite and bentonite. Preload provides confinement and pre-compression during curing, which in tum increases the bearing capacity of the treated ground. The results of unconfined compressive strength tests are analysed to illustrate how the mechanical properties of the clays composed of differing cement content are influenced under varying surcharges applied instantly after mixing. The results indicate that mechanical properties of cement treated soft clays, including strength and stiffness can be enhanced through the application of surcharge immediately after construction, during the curing phase. This could potentially provide a cost effective and enviromnentally friendly alternative by reducing the required cement content being added to soil to achieve a given strength.

Fatahi, B, Khabbaz, H & Basack, S 2011, 'Effects Of Salinity And Sand Content On Liquid Limit And Hydraulic Conductivity', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 67-76.
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Soil conditions of construction sites have become worse than ever due to the overpopUlation in the metropolitan areas throughout the world. Likewise, the prevention of environmental risks due to individual activities is one of the most important subjects in the geo-environmental problems. Saline soils may induce several problems in geotechnical engineering projects such as infrastructure embankments, road construction and clay liners. Effect of the various concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) on several different soils including bentonite, kaolinite and fine sand mixtures has been evaluated. In addition, influence of salinity and the period of submergence on the hydraulic conductivity of soil samples collected from a certain area of east coast of India was investigated. The results show that the liquid limit of the mixtures generally decreases with an increase in the salt concentration. liquid limit decreased significantly with an increase in NaCl concentration up to a certain level. However, a further increase in the concentration does not induce any significant decrease in liquid limit. Furthermore, the soil hydraulic conductivity increase with the salt concentration and with increase in the period of submergence, the hydraulic conductivity of the soil increases asymptotically.

Fatahi, B, Khabbaz, H & Ho, LH 2011, 'Effects of geotextiles on drainage performance of ballasted rail tracks', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 91-102.
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Naturally soft soils are mostly found around coastal regions, where the construction of ballasted rail tracks is required to have a more thorough consideration regarding filtration. Any poor filter design on weak ground inevitably leads to a critical change in ballast characteristics. It is noticeable that such a change results in several issues including significant migration of finer particles about the subballast-subgrade iuterface and the deficiency of subballast filtration. These problems eventually reduce the drainage ability orthe rail sub-system and may cause severe damage which can only be remedied by frequent and costly track maintenance. It is therefore important that geosynthetics such as geotextiles are introduced to the rail track system as an additional filter layer, which is able to retain the desirable filtering characteristics. This paper investigates the impact of non-woven geotextiles on filtration behaviour of sub ballast in the laboratory, while adopting different granular filter (subballast) thicknesses varying from 0 mm to 50 mm. The research findings demonstrate a notable difference in the cumulative fine loss per unit volume within a given period of time between two distinctive tests - with and without geotextiies, thus emphasising the beneficial application of this geosynthetic material. Empirical estimation of permeability and properties of subballast, including grading curves after testing, are carefully carried out and the results are presented in this paper. The results indicate tbat the thickness of granular subballast can be significantly reduced by including geotextiles. This paper, in turn, evaluates the potential combination of the track substructure and geotextiles to achieve the optimum filter design and more importantly, alleviate the cost of track maintenance.

Ferguson, S, Schubert, E & Dean, R 2011, 'Continuous subjective loudness responses to reversals and inversions of a sound recording of an orchestral excerpt', Musicae Scientiae, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 387-401.
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Twenty-four respondents continuously rated the loudness of the first 65 seconds of a Dvorak Slavonic Dance, which was known to vary considerably in loudness. They also rated the same excerpt when the sound file was digitally treated so that (1) the sound pressure level (SPL) was inverted or (2) it was temporally reversed or (3) both 1 and 2. Specifically we wanted to see if acoustic intensity was processed into the percept of loudness primarily using a bottom-up (indifferent to timbral environment and thematic cues) or top-down style (where musical context, such as instrument identity and musical expectation affects the loudness rating). Comparing the different versions (conditions) allowed us to ascertain which style they were likely to be using. A single, six-second region was located as being differentiated across two conditions, where loudness seemed to be increased due to expectation of the instrument and orchestral texture, despite the lower SPL. We named this effect an auditory loudness stroop. A second region was differentiated between the two conditions, but its explanation appears to involve two factors, auditory looming perception and the reversal of stimulus note ramps. The overall conclusion was that the predominant processing style for loudness rating was bottom-up. Implications for further research and application to models of loudness are discussed.

Ferrie, C 2011, 'Quasi-probability representations of quantum theory with applications to quantum information science', REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS, vol. 74, no. 11.
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Fiechter, CA, Marjanovic, O, Boppert, JF & Kern, EM 2011, 'Knowledge management can be Lean: Improving knowledge intensive business processes', Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol. 9, pp. 31-40.
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The main objective of this paper is to analyse the knowledge dimension of a repetitive, but highly complex business process (BP) in a case organisation-a large logistics service provider. More precisely, the paper illustrates an application of a combined Business Process Management (BPM) and Knowledge Management (KM) framework to one of its core BPs and demonstrates a possible approach to analysing "knowledge-intensiveness" of the chosen process. The paper illustrates that in this particular example of a BP, a sustainable source of competitive advantage does not come from process automation, but is related to the experiential knowledge of decision makers, and complexity of their decisions. Also, in order to improve this type of process, our research shows that it is necessary to consider human-centred process knowledge rather than simply focus on process structure, as it was typically done in the past, in the case of highly structured BPs. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011.

Filatova, T, Mulder, JPM & van der Veen, A 2011, 'Coastal risk management: How to motivate individual economic decisions to lower flood risk?', OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 164-172.
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Filatova, T, Voinov, A & van der Veen, A 2011, 'Land market mechanisms for preservation of space for coastal ecosystems: An agent-based analysis', ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 179-190.
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Fitch, AL, Iu, HHC & Lu, DDC 2011, 'An Analog Computer for Electronic Engineering Education', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 550-557.
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Fradet, E, McDougall, C, Abbyad, P, Dangla, R, McGloin, D & Baroud, CN 2011, 'Combining rails and anchors with laser forcing for selective manipulation within 2D droplet arrays', LAB ON A CHIP, vol. 11, no. 24, pp. 4228-4234.
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Fredlund, DG, Sheng, D & Zhao, J 2011, 'Estimation of soil suction from the soil-water characteristic curve', CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 186-198.
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Frost, S, Nguyen, N, Black, D, Eisman, J & Nguyen, T 2011, 'Risk Factors For In-Hospital Post-Hip Fracture Mortality', Bone, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 553-558.
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Fu, X, Wang, Q, Chen, J, Huang, X, Chen, X, Cao, L, Tan, H, Li, W, Zhang, L, Bi, J, Su, Q & Chen, L 2011, 'Clinical significance of miR-221 and its inverse correlation with p27 ^Kip1 in hepatocellular carcinoma', Molecular Biology Reports, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 3029-3035.
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The aim of the present study is to explore possible role of miR-221 in the pathogenesis of HCC. Matched HCC and adjacent non-cancerous samples were assayed for the expression of miR-221 and three G1/S transition inhibitors: p 27Kip1, p21WAF1/Cip1and TGF-β1 by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry respectively. p27Kip1 is one of miR-221's proven targets. Real time qRT-PCR was used to investigate miR-221 and p27Kip1 transcripts in different clinical stages. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression levels of p27Kip1 protein in different clinical stages. In result, miR- 221 and TGF-β1 are frequently up-regulated in HCC, while p27Kip1 and p 21WAF1/Cip1 proteins are frequently downregulated. Moreover, miR-221 and p27Kip1's expression correlated with metastasis and miR-221's expression also correlated with tumor size. Both of p21WAF1/Cip1and TGFβ1' s expression correlated with tumor differentiations. miR-221's upregulation and p27Kip1's downregulation were significantly associated with tumor stages and metastasis. In conclusion, miR-221 is important in tumorigenesis of HCC, possibly by specifically down-regulating p 27Kip1, a cell-cycle inhibitor. These results indicate miR- 221 as a new therapeutic target in HCC.

Gao, J, Jin, R, Zhou, J, Yu, JX, Jiang, X & Wang, T 2011, 'Relational approach for shortest path discovery over large graphs', Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 358-369.
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With the rapid growth of large graphs, we cannot assume that graphs can still be fully loaded into memory, thus the disk-based graph operation is inevitable. In this paper, we take the shortest path discovery as an example to investigate the technique issues when leveraging existing infrastructure of relational database (RDB) in the graph data management. Based on the observation that a variety of graph search queries can be implemented by iterative operations including selecting frontier nodes from visited nodes, making expansion from the selected frontier nodes, and merging the expanded nodes into the visited ones, we introduce a relational FEM framework with three corresponding operators to implement graph search tasks in the RDB context. We show new features such as window function and merge statement introduced by recent SQL standards can not only simplify the expression but also improve the performance of the FEM framework. In addition, we propose two optimization strategies specific to shortest path discovery inside the FEMframework. First, we take a bi-directional set Dijkstra's algorithm in the path finding. The bi-directional strategy can reduce the search space, and set Dijkstra's algorithm finds the shortest path in a set-at-a-time fashion. Second, we introduce an index named SegTable to preserve the local shortest segments, and exploit SegTable to further improve the performance. The final extensive experimental results illustrate our relational approach with the optimization strategies achieves high scalability and performance. © 2011 VLDB Endowment.

Gao, L, Xu, M, Yan, SF, Liu, MG, Hou, CH & Wang, DH 2011, 'Content - aware broadcast soccer video retargeting using fuzzy logic', Electronics Letters, vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 694-695.
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A content-aware video retargeting method is proposed for playing broadcast soccer video in small displays. Four visual perception clues are predefined based on soccer game-specific knowledge and modelled by visual attention features firstly. Then, a fuzzy logic inference system is proposed to estimate visual attention values (AVs) of ball and players by fusing attention features. AVs are later used to determine the region of interest (ROI) of each frame. Finally, a retargeted video is generated by the ROI of each frame with polynomial curve fitting for temporal smoothing. Both subjective and objective evaluation results are promising.

Gao, X, An, L, Yuan, Y, Tao, D & Li, X 2011, 'Lossless Data Embedding Using Generalized Statistical Quantity Histogram', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 1061-1070.
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Histogram-based lossless data embedding (LDE) has been recognized as an effective and efficient way for copyright protection of multimedia. Recently, a LDE method using the statistical quantity histogram has achieved good performance, which utilizes the

Gao, X, Chen, JF, Tao, D & Li, X 2011, 'Multi-Sensor Centralized Fusion Without Measurement Noise Covariance By Variational Bayesian Approximation', IEEE Transactions On Aerospace And Electronic Systems, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 718-727.
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The work presented here solves the multi-sensor centralized fusion problem in the linear Gaussian model without the measurement noise variance. We generalize the variational Bayesian approximation based adaptive Kalman filter (VB_AKF) from the single sen

Gao, X, Fu, R, Li, X, Tao, D, Zhang, B & Yang, H 2011, 'Aurora image segmentation by combining patch and texture thresholding', Computer Vision and Image Understanding, vol. 115, no. 3, pp. 390-402.
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The proportion of aurora to the field-of-view in temporal series of all-sky images is an important index to investigate the evolvement of aurora. To obtain such an index, a crucial phase is to segment the aurora from the background of sky. A new aurora s

Gao, X, Niu, Z, Tao, D & Li, X 2011, 'Non-Goal Scene Analysis for Soccer Video', Neurocomputing, vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 540-548.
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The broadcast soccer video is usually recorded by one main camera, which is constantly gazing somewhere of playfield where a highlight event is happening. So the camera parameters and their variety have close relationship with semantic information of soccer video, and much interest has been caught in camera calibration for soccer video. The previous calibration methods either deal with goal scene, or have strict calibration conditions and high complexity. So, it does not properly handle the non-goal scene such as midfield or center-forward scene. In this paper, based on a new soccer field model, a field symbol extraction algorithm is proposed to extract the calibration information. Then a two-stage calibration approach is developed which can calibrate camera not only for goal scene but also for non-goal scene. The preliminary experimental results demonstrate its robustness and accuracy.

Gao, X, Wang, B, Tao, D & Li, X 2011, 'A Relay Level Set Method For Automatic Image Segmentation', Ieee Transactions On Systems Man And Cybernetics Part B-Cybernetics, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 518-525.
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AbstractThis paper presents a new image segmentation method that applies an edge-based level set method in a relay fashion. The proposed method segments an image in a series of nested subregions that are automatically created by shrinking the stabilized curves in their previous subregions. The final result is obtained by combining all boundaries detected in these subregions. The proposed method has the following three advantages: 1) It can be automatically executed without humancomputer interactions; 2) it applies the edge-based level set method with relay fashion to detect all boundaries; and 3) it automatically obtains a full segmentation without specifying the number of relays in advance. The comparison experiments illustrate that the proposed method performs better than the representative level set methods, and it can obtain similar or better results compared with other popular segmentation algorithms.

Gao, X, wang, Q, li, X, Tao, D & Zhang, K 2011, 'Zernike moment based image super resolution', IEEE Transactions On Image Processing, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 2738-2747.
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Multiframe super-resolution (SR) reconstruction aims to produce a high-resolution (HR) image using a set of low-resolution (LR) images. In the process of reconstruction, fuzzy registration usually plays a critical role. It mainly focuses on the correlation between pixels of the candidate and the reference images to reconstruct each pixel by averaging all its neighboring pixels. Therefore, the fuzzy-registration-based SR performs well and has been widely applied in practice. However, if some objects appear or disappear among LR images or different angle rotations exist among them, the correlation between corresponding pixels becomes weak. Thus, it will be difficult to use LR images effectively in the process of SR reconstruction. Moreover, if the LR images are noised, the reconstruction quality will be affected seriously. To address or at least reduce these problems, this paper presents a novel SR method based on the Zernike moment, to make the most of possible details in each LR image for high-quality SR reconstruction. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms existing methods in terms of robustness and visual effects.

Gao, X, Wang, X, Li, X & Tao, D 2011, 'Transfer latent variable model based on divergence analysis', Pattern Recognition, vol. 44, no. 10-11, pp. 2358-2366.
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Latent variable models are powerful dimensionality reduction approaches in machine learning and pattern recognition. However, this kind of methods only works well under a necessary and strict assumption that the training samples and testing samples are independent and identically distributed. When the samples come from different domains, the distribution of the testing dataset will not be identical with the training dataset. Therefore, the performance of latent variable models will be degraded for the reason that the parameters of the training model do not suit for the testing dataset. This case limits the generalization and application of the traditional latent variable models. To handle this issue, a transfer learning framework for latent variable model is proposed which can utilize the distance (or divergence) of the two datasets to modify the parameters of the obtained latent variable model. So we do not need to rebuild the model and only adjust the parameters according to the divergence, which will adopt different datasets. Experimental results on several real datasets demonstrate the advantages of the proposed framework. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gao, X, Wang, X, Tao, D & Li, X 2011, 'Supervised Gaussian Process Latent Variable Model for Dimensionality Reduction', IEEE Transactions On Systems Man And Cybernetics Part B-Cybernetics, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 425-434.
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The Gaussian process latent variable model (GP-LVM) has been identified to be an effective probabilistic approach for dimensionality reduction because it can obtain a low-dimensional manifold of a data set in an unsupervised fashion. Consequently, the GP

Gao, Y, Zhang, G, Lu, J & Wee, H 2011, 'Particle swarm optimization for bi-level pricing problems in supply chains', Journal Of Global Optimization, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 245-254.
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With rapid technological innovation and strong competition in hi-tech industries such as computer and communication organizations, the upstream component price and the downstream product cost usually decline significantly with time. As a result, an effective pricing supply chain model is very important. This paper first establishes two bi-level pricing models for pricing problems with the buyer and the vendor in a supply chain designated as the leader and the follower, respectively. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) based algorithm is developed to solve problems defined by these bi-level pricing models. Experiments illustrate that this PSO based algorithm can achieve a profit increase for buyers or vendors if they are treated as the leaders under some situations, compared with the existing methods.

García-Vigueras, M, Gómez-Tornero, JL, Goussetis, G, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2011, '1D-leaky wave antenna employing parallel-plate waveguide loaded with PRS and HIS', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 3687-3694.
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A new type of one-dimensional leaky-wave antenna (LWA) with independent control of the beam-pointing angle and beamwidth is presented. The antenna is based on a simple structure composed of a bulk parallel-plate waveguide (PPW) loaded with two printed circuit boards (PCBs), each one consisting of an array of printed dipoles. One PCB acts as a partially reflective surface (PRS), and the other grounded PCB behaves as a high impedance surface (HIS). It is shown that an independent control of the leaky-mode phase and leakage rate can be achieved by changing the lengths of the PRS and HIS dipoles, thus resulting in a flexible adjustment of the LWA pointing direction and directivity. The leaky-mode dispersion curves are obtained with a simple Transverse Equivalent Network (TEN), and they are validated with three-dimensional full-wave simulations. Experimental results on fabricated prototypes operating at 15 GHz are reported, demonstrating the versatile and independent control of the LWA performance by changing the PRS and HIS parameters. © 2011 IEEE.

García-Vigueras, M, Gómez-Tornero, JL, Goussetis, G, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2011, 'Enhancing frequency-scanning response of leaky-wave antennas using high-impedance surfaces', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, pp. 7-10.
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The use of high-impedance surfaces (HISs) to increase the frequency-scanning sensitivity of hollow leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) is presented. The LWA consists of a hollow rectangular waveguide with one of its narrow walls replaced by a partially reflective surface, and it is loaded with a metallodielectric HIS to increase its beam-scanning response. Theoretical results based on a simple transverse equivalent network illustrate the physical mechanism responsible for the improvement, and they are verified by experiments on a prototype working in the 11-16 GHz band. © 2006 IEEE.

Ge, Y, Esselle, KP & Bird, TS 2011, 'Compact Dielectric Resonator Antennas With Ultrawide 60%-110% Bandwidth', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 3445-3448.
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Ge, Y, Esselle, KP & Bird, TS 2011, 'EXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRATION OF A DUAL-BAND ELECTROMAGNETIC BAND-GAP RESONATOR ANTENNA MADE OUT OF A SIMPLE, SINGLE-LAYER FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SURFACE', MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 1867-1869.
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Geng, B, Tao, D & Xu, C 2011, 'DAML: Domain Adaptation Metric Learning', IEEE Transactions On Image Processing, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 2980-2989.
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The state-of-the-art metric-learning algorithms cannot perform well for domain adaptation settings, such as cross-domain face recognition, image annotation, etc., because labeled data in the source domain and unlabeled ones in the target domain are drawn

Geng, J, Ziolkowski, RW, Jin, R & Liang, X 2011, 'Numerical Study of the Near-Field and Far-Field Properties of Active Open Cylindrical Coated Nanoparticle Antennas', IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 1093-1110.
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Gerold, B, Kotopoulis, S, McDougall, C, McGloin, D, Postema, M & Prentice, P 2011, 'Laser-nucleated acoustic cavitation in focused ultrasound', REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, vol. 82, no. 4.
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Ghobadi, Y, Pirasteh, S, Pradhan, B, Ahmad, NB, Shafri, HZBM, Sayyad, GA & Kabiri, K 2011, 'Determine of correlation coefficient between EPM and MPSIAC models and generation of erosion maps by GIS techniques in Baghmalek watershed, Khuzestan, Iran', 5thSASTech, Khavaran Highereducation Institute, Mashhad, Iran.

Gil-Aluja, J, Gil-Lafuente, AM & Merigo, JM 2011, 'Using homogeneous groupings in portfolio management', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 10950-10958.
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Goebel, R & Williams, M 2011, 'Editorial : The Expansion Continues: Stitching together the Breadth of Disciplines Impinging on Artificial Intelligence', Artificial Intelligence Journal, vol. 175, no. 5-6, pp. 929-929.

Golsteijn, C & van den Hoven, E 2011, 'Facilitating Communication About Books Through An Online Community', Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 197-217.
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Reading books can serve as a means of gathering information, relaxing and escaping daily stress. Although reading is often primarily an individual activity, many readers also enjoy sharing reading experiences with friends, relatives, colleagues and, through the internet, even with strangers. Apart from valuing these individual and collective book activities, books as physical artifacts are also valued, for example because of the memories associated with them. This paper investigates how books can be enhanced with a new product, system or service. In a qualitative interview study, the main reasons for valuing books were found to be related to the self (individual activities and feelings), experiences (e.g., enjoyment or release) and personal values (e.g., embodiment of ideals or personification). As a result, it was decided for the remainder of this study to focus on communication about books, because in addition to individual book-related activities and feelings, users indicated to communicate about books a lot. A book community Web site, called Shelf, was developed to investigate whether book communication could be increased by facilitating an online community and whether users would appreciate the Website functionality. Shelf was used in a 14-day user evaluation, and it was concluded that the Web site increased the extent to which readers communicated about books. We expect that such an online book community would be a valuable enhancement of current book customs, in particular in combination with the current e-book trend, for various types of readers who would like to share their experiences.

Gómez-Tornero, JL, Quesada-Pereira, F, Alvarez-Melcón, A, Goussetis, G, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2011, 'Frequency steerable two dimensional focusing using rectilinear leaky-wave lenses', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 407-415.
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The concept of frequency steerable two-dimensional electromagnetic focusing by using a tapered leaky-wave line source embedded in a parallel-plate medium is presented. Accurate expressions for analyzing the focusing pattern of a rectilinear leaky-wave lens (LWL) from its constituent leaky-mode tapered propagation constant are described. The influence of the main LWL structural parameters on the synthesis of the focusing pattern is discussed. The ability to generate frequency steerable focusing patterns has been demonstrated by means of an example involving a LWL in hybrid waveguide printed-circuit technology and the results are validated by a commercial full-wave solver. © 2010 IEEE.

Gómez-Tornero, JL, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2011, 'Rectilinear leaky-wave antennas with broad beam patterns using hybrid printed-circuit waveguides', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 3999-4007.
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A theoretical study on the design of broadbeam leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) of uniform type and rectilinear geometry is presented. A new broadbeam LWA structure based on the hybrid printed-circuit waveguide is proposed, which allows for the necessary flexible and independent control of the leaky-wave phase and leakage constants. The study shows that both the real and virtual focus LWAs can be synthesized in a simple manner by tapering the printed-slot along the LWA properly, but the real focus LWA is preferred in practice. Practical issues concerning the tapering of these LWA are investigated, including the tuning of the radiation pattern asymmetry level and beamwidth, the control of the ripple level inside the broad radiated main beam, and the frequency response of the broadbeam LWA. The paper provides new insight and guidance for the design of this type of LWAs. © 2011 IEEE.

Gramann, K, Gwin, JT, Ferris, DP, Oie, K, Jung, T-P, Lin, C-T, Liao, L-D & Makeig, S 2011, 'Cognition in action: imaging brain/body dynamics in mobile humans', REVIEWS IN THE NEUROSCIENCES, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 593-608.
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Grover, DP, Balaam, JL, Pacitto, S, Readman, JW, White, S & Zhou, J 2011, 'Endocrine disrupting activities in sewage effluent and river water determined by chemical analysis and in vitro assay in the context of granular activated carbon upgrade', Chemosphere, vol. 84, no. 10, pp. 1512-1520.
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As part of endocrine disruption in catchments (EDCAT) programme, this work aims to assess the temporal and spatial variations of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in River Ray, before and after the commissioning of a full-scale granular activated carbon (GAC) plant at a sewage treatment works (STW). Through spot and passive sampling from effluent and river sites, estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities were determined by chemical analysis and in vitro bio-assay. A correlation was found between chemical analyses of the most potent estrogens (estrone (E1), 17ß-estradiol (E2), 17a-ethinylestradiol (EE2)) and yeast estrogen screen (YES) measurement, both showing clearly a reduction in estrogenic activity after the commissioning of the GAC plant at the STW. During the study period, the annual average concentrations of E1, E2 and EE2 had decreased from 3.5 ng L-1, 3.1 ng L-1 and 0.5 ng L-1 to below their limit of detection (LOD), respectively, with a concentration reduction of at least 91%, 81% and 60%. Annual mean estrogenic activity measured by YES of spot samples varied from 1.9 ng L-1 to 0.4 ng L-1 E2 equivalent between 2006 and 2008 representing a 79% reduction. Similarly, anti-androgenic activity measured by yeast anti-androgen screen (anti-YAS) of spot samples was reduced from 148.8 to 22.4 µg flutamide L-1, or by 85%. YES and anti-YAS values were related to each other, suggesting co-existence of both types of activities from chemical mixtures in environmental samples. The findings confirm the effectiveness of a full-scale GAC in removing both estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities from sewage effluent.

Grover, DP, Zhou, J, Frickers, PE & Readman, JW 2011, 'Improved removal of estrogenic and pharmaceutical compounds in sewage effluent by full scale granular activated carbon: impact on receiving river water', Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 185, no. 2-3, pp. 1005-1011.
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Sewage effluents are widely recognised as the main source of emerging contaminants, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals in surface waters. A full-scale granular activated carbon (GAC) plant has been installed as an advanced technology for the removal of these contaminants, in a major sewage treatment works (STW) in South-West England as part of the UK National Demonstration Programme for EDCs. This study presented for the first time, an assessment of the impact of a recently commissioned, post-tertiary GAC plant in the removal of emerging contaminants in a working STW. Through regular sampling followed by solid-phase extraction and analysis by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS), a significant reduction in the concentrations of steroidal estrogens was observed (>4364%). In addition, significant reductions were observed for many of the pharmaceutical compounds such as mebeverine (8499%), although the reduction was less dramatic for some of the more widely used pharmaceuticals analysed, including carbamazepine and propranolol (1723%).

Guan, N, Tao, D, Luo, Z & Yuan, B 2011, 'Manifold Regularized Discriminative Non-negative Matrix Factorization With Fast Gradient Descent', IEEE Transactions On Image Processing, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 2030-2048.
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AbstractNonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has become a popular data-representation method and has been widely used in image processing and pattern-recognition problems. This is because the learned bases can be interpreted as a natural parts-based representation of data and this interpretation is consistent with the psychological intuition of combining parts to form a whole. For practical classification tasks, however, NMF ignores both the local geometry of data and the discriminative information of different classes. In addition, existing research results show that the learned basis is unnecessarily parts-based because there is neither explicit nor implicit constraint to ensure the representation parts-based. In this paper, we introduce the manifold regularization and the margin maximization to NMF and obtain the manifold regularized discriminative NMF (MD-NMF) to overcome the aforementioned problems. The multiplicative update rule (MUR) can be applied to optimizing MD-NMF, but it converges slowly. In this paper, we propose a fast gradient descent (FGD) to optimize MD-NMF. FGD contains a Newton method that searches the optimal step length, and thus, FGD converges much faster than MUR. In addition,FGD includes MUR as a special case and can be applied to optimizing NMF and its variants. For a problem with 165 samples in .., FGD converges in 28 s, while MUR requires 282 s. We also apply FGD in a variant of MD-NMF and experimental results confirm its efficiency. Experimental results on several face image datasets suggest the effectiveness of MD-NMF.

Guan, N, Tao, D, Luo, Z & Yuan, B 2011, 'Non-negative Patch Alignment Framework', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 22, no. 8, pp. 1218-1230.
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In this paper, we present a non-negative patch alignment framework (NPAF) to unify popular non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) related dimension reduction algorithms. It offers a new viewpoint to better understand the common property of different NMF

Guo, W, Ngo, H, Wu, Z, Yen-Jung, H & Listowski, A 2011, 'Application of bioflocculant and nonwoven supporting media for better biological nutrient removal and fouling control in a submerged MBR', Sustainable Environment Research, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 53-58.
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The study aims at modifying a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) with attached-growth nonwoven media and a new green bioflocculant (GBF) (developed at Environmental Engineering R & D laboratory, University of Technology, Sydney) addition to treat a high strength domestic wastewater for reuse. The performance of the SMBR was evaluated in terms of organic and nutrient removal as well as membrane fouling control. The results indicated that the integrated SMBR system could eliminate more than 95% dissolved organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand from the influent. The system achieved 100% of nitrification during 60 d of operation. The denitrification was primarily based on conventional nitrification-denitrification process occurring in the anoxic zone. The total nitrogen removal efficiency and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification were 93 ± 3 and 96 ± 1% respectively. Although a relatively long solids retention time (50 d) were adopted, over 98% of total phosphorus in the influent was removed through biological phosphorus removal. The results also show that the addition of GBF could improve microbial activity and reduce membrane fouling. During the experiment, the transmembrane pressure developed marginally (4.5 kPa).

Guo, Z, Wu, J, Lu, H & Wang, J 2011, 'A Case Study On A Hybrid Wind Speed Forecasting Method Using BP Neural Network', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 1048-1056.
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Wind energy, which is intermittent by nature, can have a significant impact on power grid security, power system operation, and market economics, especially in areas with a high level of wind power penetration. Wind speed forecasting has been a vital part of wind farm planning and the operational planning of power grids with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Improving the accuracy of wind speed forecasting algorithms has significant technological and economic impacts on these activities, and significant research efforts have addressed this aim recently. However, there is no single best forecasting algorithm that can be applied to any wind farm due to the fact that wind speed patterns can be very different between wind farms and are usually influenced by many factors that are location-specific and difficult to control. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid wind speed forecasting method based on a back-propagation (BP) neural network and the idea of eliminating seasonal effects from actual wind speed datasets using seasonal exponential adjustment. This method can forecast the daily average wind speed one year ahead with lower mean absolute errors compared to figures obtained without adjustment, as demonstrated by a case study conducted using a wind speed dataset collected from the Minqin area in China from 2001 to 2006.

Guruprasad, B, Indraratna, B, Nghiem, LD & Regmi, G 2011, 'A neural network approach to predict the performance of recycled concrete used in permeable reactive barriers for the treatment of acidic groundwater', QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 199-209.
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Gwin, JT, Gramann, K, Makeig, S & Ferris, DP 2011, 'Electrocortical activity is coupled to gait cycle phase during treadmill walking', NEUROIMAGE, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 1289-1296.
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Ha, K, Hoang, TD & Nguyen, TQ 2011, 'Optimal Design of FIR Triplet Halfband Filter Bank and Application in Image Coding', IEEE Transactions On Image Processing, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 586-591.
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This correspondence proposes an efficient semidefinite programming (SDP) method for the design of a class of linear phase finite impulse response triplet halfband filter banks whose filters have optimal frequency selectivity for a prescribed regularity o

Hai, FI, Li, X, Price, WE & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Removal of carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole by MBR under anoxic and aerobic conditions', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 102, no. 22, pp. 10386-10390.
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Hai, FI, Tadkaew, N, McDonald, JA, Khan, SJ & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Is halogen content the most important factor in the removal of halogenated trace organics by MBR treatment?', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 102, no. 10, pp. 6299-6303.
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Hai, FI, Tessmer, K, Nguyen, LN, Kang, J, Price, WE & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Removal of micropollutants by membrane bioreactor under temperature variation', JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, vol. 383, no. 1-2, pp. 144-151.
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Hajibabania, S, Verliefde, A, Drewes, JE, Nghiem, LD, McDonald, J, Khan, S & Le-Clech, P 2011, 'Effect of fouling on removal of trace organic compounds by nanofiltration', Drinking Water Engineering and Science, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 71-82.
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The fate of chemical of concern is not yet fully understood during treatment of impaired waters. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of different organic-based fouling layers on the removal of a large range of trace organics. Both model and real water samples (mixed with trace organic contaminants at environmental concentration of 2 g l.1) were used to simulate fouling in nanofiltration under controlled environment. The new and fouled membranes were systematically characterised for surface charge, hydrophobicity and roughness. It was observed that fouling generally reduced the membrane surface charge; however, the alterations of the membrane hydrophobicity and surface roughness were dependent on the foulants composition. The rejection of charged trace organics was observed to be improved due to the increased electrostatic repulsion by fouled membranes and the adsorption of the trace organic chemicals onto organic matters. On the other hand, the removal of nonionic compounds decreased when fouling occurred, due to the presence of cake enhanced concentration polarization. The fouling layer structure was found to play an important role in the rejection of the trace organic compounds. © 2011 Author(s).

Halliday, JR, Dorrell, DG & Wood, A 2011, 'An application of the Fast Fourier Transform to the short-term prediction of sea wave behaviour', Renewable Energy, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1685-1692.
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This paper examines the appropriateness of the Fast Fourier Transform for decomposition and reconstruction of wave records taken at fixed locations and transposed to a different temporal and spatial point. In marine renewable energy, advanced control methods based on the future prediction of waves are being developed. These methods are based on the assumption that a forward looking prediction is available and over the years there has been a conjecture that the FFT may perform this role and that the prediction of wave behaviour at any point on the sea surface should be realizable. The validity of this statement is tested using numerical wave records.

Hanham, SM, Bird, TS, Hellicar, AD & Minasian, RA 2011, 'Evolved-Profile Dielectric Rod Antennas', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 1113-1122.
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Hao, X, Wang, Q, Cao, Y & van Loosdrecht, MCM 2011, 'Evaluating sludge minimization caused by predation and viral infection based on the extended activated sludge model No. 2d', WATER RESEARCH, vol. 45, no. 16, pp. 5130-5140.
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Hardy, CA & Williams, SP 2011, 'Assembling E-Government Research Designs: A Transdisciplinary View and Interactive Approach', PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 405-413.
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Hashim, NH, Nghiem, LD, Stuetz, RM & Khan, SJ 2011, 'Enantiospecific fate of ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen in a laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor', WATER RESEARCH, vol. 45, no. 18, pp. 6249-6258.
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Hazelton, PA & Clements, A 2011, 'Historic and Environmental Significance of Ecological Communities in NSW, Australia', International Journal of Heritage and Sustainable Development, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 72-83.
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Colonisation in the late 18th century and subsequent settlement in New South Wales, Australia has led to the native vegetation on the more arable soils being cleared, leaving only scattered remnants of the original vegetation. These vegetation remnants have become of natural heritage significance and are now protected under State and National legislation. Vegetation communities on sandstone-derived soils, not suitable for agriculture, have also been reserved in National Parks since the 1890s. The case studies of saltmarsh restoration and the planning of three cities illustrate that legal recognition of the natural heritage value of the remnant vegetation contributes to improved ecologically sustainable outcomes. The presence of a listed vulnerable saltmarsh species Wilsonia backhousei led to the restoration of the degraded saltmarsh community in an urban redevelopment. The identification of corridors of conservation and heritage significance are central issues for the development of Appin-Wilton and of Spring Farm, part of the planned three cities. The case studies show the historic loss of environmental heritage vegetation and the implementation of conservation planning to accommodate the expanding population of Sydney. Application of environmental legislation has led to natural heritage vegetation being conserved and enhanced, hence reducing the environmental footprints of urban growth.

He, B & Yu, JX 2011, 'High-throughput transaction executions on graphics processors', Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 314-325.
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OLTP (On-Line Transaction Processing) is an important business system sector in various traditional and emerg-ing online services. Due to the increasing number of users, OLTP systems require high throughput for executing tens of thousands of transactions in a short time period. En-couraged by the recent success of GPGPU (General-Purpose computation on Graphics Processors), we propose GPUTx, an OLTP engine performing high-throughput transaction executions on the GPU for in-memory databases. Com-pared with existing GPGPU studies usually optimizing a single task, transaction executions require handling many small tasks concurrently. Specifically, we propose the bulk execution model to group multiple transactions into a bulk and to execute the bulk on the GPU as a single task. The transactions within the bulk are executed concurrently on the GPU. We study three basic execution strategies (one with locks and the other two lock-free), and optimize them with the GPU features including the hardware support of atomic operations, the massive thread parallelism and the SPMD (Single Program Multiple Data) execution. We eval-uate GPUTx on a recent NVIDIA GPU in comparison with its counterpart on a quad-core CPU. Our experimental re-sults show that optimizations on GPUTx significantly im-prove the throughput, and the optimized GPUTx achieves 4-10 times higher throughput than its CPU-based counter-part on public transaction processing benchmarks. © 2011 VLDB Endowment.

He, L, Gao, X, Lu, W, Li, X & Tao, D 2011, 'Image quality assessment based on S-CIELAB model', Signal, Image and Video Processing, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 283-290.
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This paper proposes a new image quality assessment framework which is based on color perceptual model. By analyzing the shortages of the existing image quality assessment methods and combining the color perceptual model, the general framework of color im

He, L, Si, S, Gao, X, Tao, D & Li, X 2011, 'A Novel Metric Based On MCA For Image Quality', International Journal Of Wavelets Multiresolution And Information Processing, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 743-757.
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Considering that the Human Visual System (HVS) has different perceptual characteristics for different morphological components, a novel image quality metric is proposed by incorporating Morphological Component Analysis (MCA) and HVS, which is capable of assessing the image with different kinds of distortion. Firstly, reference and distorted images are decomposed into linearly combined texture and cartoon components by MCA respectively. Then these components are turned into perceptual features by Just Noticeable Difference (JND) which integrates masking features, luminance adaptation and Contrast Sensitive Function (CSF). Finally, the discrimination between reference and distorted images perceptual features is quantified using a pooling strategy before the final image quality is obtained. Experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed prevails over some existing methods on LIVE database II

Ho, D, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, H, Shon, H, Kandasamy, JK, Chang, Y & Chang, J 2011, 'Photocatalysis of Trimethoprim (TRI) in Water', Sustainable Environment Research, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 149-154.
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The advantage of the use of photocatalysts to treat persistent organic pollutants (POP) was demonstrated with the decomposition of trimethoprim (TRI), an antibiotic most frequently detected in municipal wastewaters and surface waters. In this study, the oxidation process by UV/TiO2 was employed as an alternative to advanced oxidation process (AOP) to remove residual antibiotics from water. High concentrations of TRI were used to study the efficiency of photocatalysis. Both batch and continuous photoreactors were used. The decomposition of TRI by TiO2/UV photooxidation occurred gradually over time. On the other hand, with UV irradiation alone, the reduction of TRI mineralization was relatively small. The effect of light intensity showed there was no significant impact of UV light intensity on the degradation of TRI in the range of increasing intensities studied. The simulation using first-order kinetics provided a good fit with the experimental data. In the continuous system, the feed flow rate was adjusted to maximize the percentage of mineralization of targeted compounds inside the photoreactor. A lower flow rate, i.e., higher detention time, achieved higher percentage of TRI mineralization. The results indicated that TiO2/UV irradiation was effective in removing TRI.

Hoang, N, Zhang, N & Du, H 2011, 'An adaptive tunable vibration absorber using a new magnetorheological elastomer for vehicular powertrain transient vibration reduction', Smart Materials & Structures, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1-11.
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During the transient stage of acceleration, the powertrain experiences a period of high level vibration because the engine speed passes through one or several powertrain natural frequencies. This paper presents a concept design of an adaptive tuned vibration absorber (ATVA) using a new magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) for powertrain transient vibration reduction. The MRE material used to develop the ATVA is a new one, which is synthesized from a highly elastic polymer and carbonyl iron particles of 3â5 and 40â50 μm. Under a magnetic field of 0.3 T, the MRE material has a giant increase, which is more than two orders, in both the storage and loss moduli. To facilitate the ATVA design, effective formulae for the storage modulus and loss factor were derived as explicit functions of the applied magnetic field density. With the derived formulae, ATVA parameters such as the stiffness and damping coefficients were converted effectively from the magnetic field density. Thus, the ATVA frequency can be tuned properly according to the excitation frequency. Numerical simulations of a powertrain system fitted with the ATVA were conducted to examine the ATVA proposed design. By using the MRE-based ATVA, the powertrain natural frequencies can be actively tuned far away from the resonant area of excitation frequency. Also, the time histories of powertrain frequencies depending on the magnetic field density before and after installing the ATVA have been compared to show that the resonant phenomena have been dealt with completely. As a result, the powertrain transient vibration response is significantly suppressed. In addition, the effect of the ATVAâs moment of inertia, stiffness and damping on the ATVAâs effectiveness during the transient stage was investigated to choose the ATVAâs optimal parameters. The MRE-based ATVA will be a novel device for powertrain vibration control not only for the steady stage but also for transient vibration.

Hong, AM, Dobbins, TA, Lee, CS, Jones, D, Fei, J, Clark, JR, Armstrong, BK, Harnett, GB, Milross, CG, Tran, N, Peculis, LD, Ng, C, Milne, AG, Loo, C, Hughes, LJ, Forstner, DF, O'Brien, CJ & Rose, BR 2011, 'Use of cyclin D1 in conjunction with human papillomavirus status to predict outcome in oropharyngeal cancer', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, vol. 128, no. 7, pp. 1532-1545.
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Ho-pham, L, Nguyen, U, Pham, H, Nguyen, N & Nguyen, T 2011, 'Reference Ranges For Bone Mineral Density And Prevalence Of Osteoporosis In Vietnamese Men And Women', Bmc Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 12.
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Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different reference ranges in bone mineral density on the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 357 men and 870 women aged between 18 and 89 years, who were randomly sampled from various districts within Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. BMD at the femoral neck, lumbar spine and whole body was measured by DXA (Hologic QDR4500). Polynomial regression models and bootstraps method were used to determine peak BMD and standard deviation (SD). Based on the two parameters, we computed Tscores (denoted by TVN) for each individual in the study. A similar diagnosis was also done based on T-scores provided by the densitometer (TDXA), which is based on the US White population (NHANES III). We then compared the concordance between TVN and TDXA in the classification of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was defined according to the World Health Organization criteria. Results: In post-menopausal women, the prevalence of osteoporosis based on femoral neck TVN was 29%, but when the diagnosis was based on TDXA, the prevalence was 44%. In men aged 50+ years, the TVN-based prevalence of osteoporosis was 10%, which was lower than TDXA-based prevalence (30%). Among 177 women who were diagnosed with osteoporosis by TDXA, 35% were actually osteopenia by TVN. The kappa-statistic was 0.54 for women and 0.41 for men. Conclusion: These data suggest that the T-scores provided by the Hologic QDR4500 over-diagnosed osteoporosis in Vietnamese men and women. This over-diagnosis could lead to over-treatment and influence the decision of recruitment of participants in clinical trials.

Ho-Pham, LT, Campbell, LV & Nguyen, TV 2011, 'More on Body Fat Cutoff Points', MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS, vol. 86, no. 6, pp. 584-584.
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Ho-Pham, LT, Nguyen, ND, Lai, TQ, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2011, 'Vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone in a urban population in Vietnam', OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 241-248.
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Hsieh, M & Le Gall, F 2011, 'NP-hardness of decoding quantum error-correction codes', Physical Review A, vol. 83, no. 5, pp. 1-5.
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Though the theory of quantum error correction is intimately related to the classical coding theory, in particular, one can construct quantum error correction codes (QECCs) from classical codes with the dual containing property, this does not necessarily imply that the computational complexity of decoding QECCs is the same as their classical counterparts. Instead, decoding QECCs can be very much different from decoding classical codes due to the degeneracy property. Intuitively, one expect degeneracy would simplify the decoding since two different errors might not and need not be distinguished in order to correct them. However, we show that general quantum decoding problem is NP-hard regardless of the quantum codes being degenerate or non-degenerate. This finding implies that no considerably fast decoding algorithm exists for the general quantum decoding problems, and suggests the existence of a quantum cryptosystem based on the hardness of decoding QECCs.

Hsieh, M, Hsu, Y & Dorrell, DG 2011, 'Post-Assembly Magnetization of Rare-Earth Fractional-Slot Permanent-Magnet Machines using a Two-Shot Method', IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 2478-2486.
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This paper studies the post-assembly magnetization of a fractional-slot, concentrated winding brushless rare-earth surface permanent-magnet machine with six rotor poles and nine stator slots. In the paper, the simulation method is discussed, and it is illustrated that it is possible to fully magnetize the machine after assembly using two pulses of the winding (two-shot method) with a rotation of the rotor between pulses. The MMF required for this process is predicted. The method is then validated experimentally using a test motor and a magnetizer. The machine can be magnetized using connection of either two phases or three phases, and both scenarios are investigated. The open-circuit back electromotive forces are obtained to illustrate the partial magnetization after one pulse and full magnetization after two pulses. Load measurements are also carried out. With the increasing use and size of rare-earth magnet machines, the magnetizing procedure is an important aspect of their manufacture; premagnetized assembly can be difficult.

Hsieh, M, Yen, W & Hsu, L 2011, 'High Performance Entanglement-Assisted Quantum LDPC Codes Need Little Entanglement', IEEE Transactions On Information Theory, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 1761-1769.
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Though the entanglement-assisted formalism provides a universal connection between a classical linear code and an entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting code (EAQECC), the issue of maintaining large amount of pure maximally entangled states in constructing EAQECCs is a practical obstacle to its use. It is also conjectured that the power of entanglement-assisted formalism to convert those good classical codes comes from massive consumption of maximally entangled states. We show that the above conjecture is wrong by providing families of EAQECCs with an entanglement consumption rate that diminishes linearly as a function of the code length. Notably, two families of EAQECCs constructed in the paper require only one copy of maximally entangled state no matter how large the code length is. These families of EAQECCs that are constructed from classical finite geometric LDPC codes perform very well according to our numerical simulations. Our work indicates that EAQECCs are not only theoretically interesting, but also physically implementable. Finally, these high performance entanglement-assisted LDPC codes with low entanglement consumption rates allow one to construct high-performance standard QECCs with very similar parameters.

Hu, H, Wang, J, Qian, S, Li, Y, Shen, N & Yan, G 2011, 'Dynamic Modeling And Its Sliding Controller Of MR Shock Absorber Under Impact Load', Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 47, no. 13, pp. 84-91.
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An MR shock absorber under impact load is investigated. A single-rod long-stroke impact absorber is developed. Based on Bingham model and its structure of MR damper under impact load, a dynamic model of MR damper under impact load is derived, which is composed of annular damping hole's friction damping force, coulomb damping force, inertia damping force, throttle damping force, structure additional damper force and other friction forces. By applying the least square algorithm, important parameters in the dynamic model are identified. Experimental results confirm the accuracy of the derived and fitted dynamic model. According to its strong nonlinearity, wide frequency range and high peak-value of acceleration characteristics of impact load, an output target tracer using sliding control strategy is designed and simulated on the basis of constructing hardware-in-the-loop platform. The control effects of three control strategies, namely, On-Off strategy, PID strategy and sliding mode control strategy, are compared and analyzed. The results show that the vibration peak value of MR impact absorber under sliding mode control strategy is reduced by 27.33%, and its piston stroke is reduced by 48.75% , thus being the most ideal control effect.

Hu, J, Chang, Z & Hu, G 2011, 'Approximate method for controlling solid elastic waves by transformation media', Physical Review B, vol. 84, no. 20.
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Hu, Y, Wu, C, Lukaszewicz, M, Dragos, J, Ren, J & Haskett, M 2011, 'Characteristics of confined blast loading in unvented structures', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 21-44.
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Confined blast loading occurs in many scenarios and the effects of confined blast loading may result in more serious damage to buildings due to multiple shock reflections (Shi et al. 2009). However, spherical charges are assumed for all confined explosive-effects computations in modern standards for blast-resistant design such as UFC-3-340-02 (2008) and the soon-to-be published ASCE Standard for the Blast Protection of Buildings (ASCE forthcoming) without consideration of effects of charge shape on the distribution of reflected overpressure and impulse. As confinement is an aggravation factor of explosion effects, analysis and design of infrastructure under critical scenarios of confined blast loading should take the aggravation factor into consideration. This paper is to develop a numerical model for prediction of blast loads inside unvented structures as a result of variation of the charge shape, charge orientation, geometries and volumes of confined chambers. A finite element program, AUTODYN (Century Dynamics, 2003), is utilized extensively to generate a model which is capable of being calibrated with the experimental results conducted by Wu et al. (2010) in external conditions and by Zyskowski et al. (2004) in a confined small box. The calibrated AUTODYN model is then used to conduct parametric studies to analyze the effects of the variation of charge shape, charge orientation, chamber geometry and chamber volume on the peak reflected overpressure and impulse on the walls of the chamber. The quasi-static overpressure for fully confined blast loading is characterized and the simulated results are used to derive the relationships between the quasi-static overpressure and scaled distance for the fully confined blast loading. Discussion is made on characteristics of fully confined blast loading inside chambers.

Huang, H, Qiu, X & Kang, J 2011, 'Active noise attenuation in ventilation windows', JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, vol. 130, no. 1, pp. 176-188.
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Huang, K, Tao, D, Yuan, Y, Li, X & Tan, T 2011, 'Biologically Inspired Features for Scene Classification in Video Surveillance', IEEE Transactions On Systems Man And Cybernetics Part B-Cybernetics, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 307-313.
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Inspired by human visual cognition mechanism, this paper first presents a scene classification method based on an improved standard model feature. Compared with state-of-the-art efforts in scene classification, the newly proposed method is more robust, m

Huang, M, Liu, Y & Sheng, D 2011, 'Simulation of yielding and stress-stain behavior of shanghai soft clay', COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 341-353.
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Huang, Q, Tao, D, Li, X, Jin, L & Wei, G 2011, 'Exploiting Local Coherent Patterns For Unsupervised Feature Ranking', IEEE Transactions On Systems Man And Cybernetics Part B-cybernetics, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 1471-1482.
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Prior to pattern recognition, feature selection is often used to identify relevant features and discard irrelevant ones for obtaining improved analysis results. In this paper, we aim to develop an unsupervised feature ranking algorithm that evaluates fea

Huang, T & Huang, M 2011, 'Exploring the Relative Importance of Number of Edge Crossings and Size of Crossing Angle: A Quantitative Perspective', International Journal of Advanced Intelligence (IJAI), vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 25-42.
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Recent research has indicated that human graph reading performance can be affected by the size of crossing angles. The aesthetic of crossing angles is closely related to another aesthetic factor: edge crossings. Although the number of edge crossings has been previously identi?ed as the most important aesthetic, its relative impact on human graph reading, compared to the size of crossing angles, has not been investigated. In this paper, we present an exploratory user study investigating the relative importance between crossing number and crossing angle. This study also aims to further examine the effects of crossing number and crossing angle not only on task performance measured as response time and accuracy, but also on cognitive load and visualization ef?ciency. The experimental results reinforce the previous ?ndings that the two aesthetics each signi?cantly affect performance of human graph reading. Further, in terms of the relative importance, the study demonstrates that given the current setting of the user study, the number of edge crossings is relatively more important than the size of crossing angles. To be more speci?c, crossing number and crossing angle together explain about 40% of the variance in response time, mental effort and visualization ef?ciency, with about 83% of the explained variance being attributed to crossing number. In regard to response accuracy, crossing number and crossing angle together explain about 14% of the variance, with a slightly larger portion of the explained variance being attributed to crossing number

Huang, X & Guo, YJ 2011, 'Frequency-domain AoA estimation and beamforming with wideband hybrid arrays', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 2543-2553.
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High speed long range millimetre-wave (mm-wave) links can be achieved by using wideband hybrid antenna arrays of sub-arrays. Due to the array architecture difference, conventional wideband angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation and beamforming techniques are not applicable to such wideband hybrid arrays. Targeted at point-to-point line-of-sight wireless transmission in the 70/80 GHz E bands, a unified frequency-domain AoA estimation and beamforming algorithm suitable for large scale wideband hybrid arrays of both interleaved and side-by-side sub-arrays is proposed in this paper. The AoA estimation performance is analyzed by deriving a recursive modified Cramr-Rao bound (MCRB). The effect of mutual coupling among antenna elements on the estimation performance is also considered for the hybrid array of side-by-side sub-arrays. The analytical results can be used to determine system parameters according to required system specifications. Simulation results show that the proposed AoA estimation algorithm is robust against practical impairments, and the frequency dependency of the array pattern is significantly reduced after digital beamforming. Simulated mean square errors of AoA estimation are also compared with the analytical bounds, showing that the derived recursive MCRB provides a meaningful indication to the AoA estimation performance. © 2006 IEEE.

Huang, Y, Dong, J, Jin, L, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2011, 'Eddy-Current Loss Prediction in the Rotor Magnets of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator with Modular Winding Feeding a Rectifier Load', IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 4203-4206.
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In a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) with modular winding, significant eddy current may be induced in the rotor magnets due to asynchronous rotating stator magneto-motive forces (MMFs), and a rectifier load may signify the situation further. The eddy-current loss prediction in the rotor magnets of a PMSG with modular winding feeding a rectifier load is described. An analytical method considering the stator current harmonics and stator MMF spatial harmonics and a time-stepping, coupled-circuit, 2-D finite-element method (FEM) are adopted. The predicted losses obtained from these two methods are compared and investigated.

Huang, Y, Huang, K, Tao, D, Tan, T & Li, X 2011, 'Enhanced Biologically Inspired Model For Object Recognition', IEEE Transactions On Systems Man And Cybernetics Part B-cybernetics, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 1668-1680.
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The biologically inspired model (BIM) proposed by Serre et al. presents a promising solution to object categorization. It emulates the process of object recognition in primates' visual cortex by constructing a set of scale- and position-tolerant features

Huang, Z, Chen, X, Yisgedu, T, Meyers, EA, Shore, SG & Zhao, J-C 2011, 'Ammonium Octahydrotriborate (NH4B3H8): New Synthesis, Structure, and Hydrolytic Hydrogen Release', INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 3738-3742.
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Huang, Z, Chen, X, Yisgedu, T, Zhao, J-C & Shore, SG 2011, 'High-capacity hydrogen release through hydrolysis of NaB3H8', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY, vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 7038-7042.
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Husnawan, M, Masjuki, HH & Mahlia, TMI 2011, 'The interest of combining two additives with palm olein as selected lubricant components', INDUSTRIAL LUBRICATION AND TRIBOLOGY, vol. 63, no. 2-3, pp. 203-209.
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Hussain, O, Dillon, TS, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2011, 'Probabilistic assessment of financial risk in e-business associations', Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 704-717.
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Business activities are a result of carefully formed associations between different users in order to achieve certain pre-decided outcomes. Decision-making in such associations is an important step and transactional risk analysis is one of the integral processes that facilitates this step. This paper presents an approach that determines the negative consequences (termed as financial risk) of forming e-business associations. Unlike other approaches, our model captures the different types of events and their uncertainties to determine the financial risk by using the convolution operator and expressing it as a probabilistic measure rather than as a crisp financial value. Such representation makes sense as the financial risk may be determined at a point of time in future where nothing is certain. Depending upon the complexity of the problem, we explain the different ways of using the convolution operator to determine the financial risk. The simulation result shows a better representation and understanding of the financial risk that will provide important inputs to the transactional risk analysis and the decision-making process.

Hussain, W, Sohaib, O & Ali, A 2011, 'Improving Web Page Readability by Plain Language', International Journal of Computer Science Issues, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 315-319.
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Hussain, W, Sohaib, O, Ahmed, A & Qasim Khan, M 2011, 'Web readability factors affecting users of all ages', Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 972-977.
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With the increase in the growth of internet since 1990 WorldWide Web have gained a worldwide popularity.Web has become an ultimate source of information throughout the world. The web has been a source of information, knowledge, entertainment and carrying out different tasks such as online shopping, reservation etc. Every one finds ways to the web due to easiness of access and the bulk of information that has been available so ways to make web more attractive and easy to interact with has been an issue under discussion since its inception. In this paper we have focused how to make a webpage more usable for different age group in terms of readability. We have focused on eight eternal readability factors i.e. color contrast, white space, line spacing, font style, font size, text width, headings, graphics and animation. These eight factors are compared that how different age group people behave with the web applications by varying these eight factors. Based on literature review we have proposed an idea that how to make web more readable for people of different age groups e.g. children, teenagers and old /senior users.

Huyang, G, Canning, J, Åslund, ML, Naqshbandi, M, Gibson, B, Petermann, I, Stocks, D & Crossley, MJ 2011, 'Porphyrin-doped solgel-lined structured optical fibers for local and remote sensing.', Optics Letters, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 1975-1977.
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We constructed a type of sensor by depositing a solgel layer within the interior holes of a silica-structured fiber and, subsequently, coating this with an acid-responsive porphyrin. Protonation of the porphyrin by an acidic gas (HCl in this case), is detected by a large change in the visible spectrum. Compared to previous work on a liquid-core sensor in a structured optical fiber, the signal-to-noise ratio of this gas sensor shows a reduced signal strength, but the detection rate is increased about fortyfold.

Iacopi, F, Choi, JH, Terashima, K, Rice, PM & Dubois, G 2011, 'Cryogenic plasmas for controlled processing of nanoporous materials', PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 3634-3637.
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Islam, R, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Jin, J 2011, 'Design and Fabrication of a Microcontroller Based Maximum Power Point Tracker for Renewable Energy Systems', Journal of Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetics, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 17-23.
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Maximization of power from a solar photovoltaic (PV) module is of special interest considering the low efficiency of the solar PV system (10-17%) and the high panel cost (57% the system cost). The presented work describes the design of a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for the solar PV systems. The design consists of a DC to DC boost converter and a control section that uses the ATmega32 microcontroller. The incremental conductance method with some modification is used as an algorithm to track the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV array. By using this algorithm the MPPT is able to track the maximum power point of the PV array quickly under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. The simulation studies are carried out in PROTEUS ISIS. The program is written in C and then is compiled by a freeware version C compiler WinAVR. The power tracker is developed and tested in the laboratory. It is observed that, the use of the MPPT enhances the output power by 20%.

Jadda, M, Shafri, HZM & Mansor, SB 2011, 'PFR model and GiT for landslide susceptibility mapping: a case study from Central Alborz, Iran', Natural Hazards.

Jain, R, Ji, Z, Upadhyay, S & Watrous, J 2011, 'QIP = PSPACE', JOURNAL OF THE ACM, vol. 58, no. 6.
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Jamdagni, A, Tan, T, Nanda, P, He, S & Liu, R 2011, 'Mahalanobis Distance Map Approach for Anomaly Detection of Web-Based Attacks', Journal of Network Forensics, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 25-39.
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Web serverss and web-based applications are commonly used attack targets. The main issue are how to prevent unauthorized access and to protect web server from the attack. Intrusion Detection Systems and networks. This paper focuses on the detection of various web-based attacks using Geometrical Structure Anomaly Detectin (GSAD) model. Further, a novel algorithm is proposed using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) for the selection of most discriminating features to reduce the computational complexity of payload-based GSAD model. GSAD model is based on a pattern recognition technique used in image payload features to calculate the difference between normal and abnormal network traffice. GSAD model is evaluated experimentally on the real attacks (GATECH) dataset and on the DARPA 1999 dataset.

Jannot, G, Bajan, SM, Giguère, N, Bouasker, S, Banville, IH, Piquet, S, Hutvagner, GJ & Simard, MJ 2011, 'The ribosomal protein RACK1 is required for microRNA function in both C. elegans and humans', EMBO Reports, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 581-586.
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Despite the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in gene regulation, it is unclear how the miRNA-Argonaute complex-or miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC)-can regulate the translation of their targets in such diverse ways. We demonstrate here a direct in

Jap, B, Lal, S & Fischer, P 2011, 'Comparing Combinations Of EEG Activity In Train Drivers During Monotonous Driving', Expert Systems With Applications, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 996-1003.
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This study investigated the changes in electroencephalography (EEG) activity in train drivers during a monotonous train-driving session. Four combinations of EEG activities were also compared to investigate the difference in performance of these equation

Jay, B & Given-Wilson, T 2011, 'A Combinatory Account of Internal Structure', Journal of Symbolic Logic, vol. 76, pp. 807-826.
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Jayawardhana, M, Zhu, X & Liyanapathirana, R 2011, 'An experimental study on distributed damage detection algorithms for structural health monitoring', 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURES (DAMAS 2011), vol. 305.
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Jayed, MH, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Mahlia, TMI, Husnawan, M & Liaquat, AM 2011, 'Prospects of dedicated biodiesel engine vehicles in Malaysia and Indonesia', RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 220-235.
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Jegatheesan, V, Shu, L, Nghiem, LD, Shon, HK & Chang, C-Y 2011, 'Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering CESE-2010 26 September-1 October 2010, The Sebel, Cairns, Queensland, Australia Total Water Management for the Sustainability of Freshwater in the Future', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 1-3.
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Jeong, S, Nateghi Ghasemian Nejad, F, Nguyen, V, Vigneswaran, S & Tuan, A 2011, 'Pretreatment for seawater desalination by flocculation: Performance of modified poly ferric silicate (PFSi-δ) and ferric chloride as flocculants', Desalination, vol. 283, pp. 106-111.
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Submerged microfiltration system coupled with in-line flocculation as pretreatment for seawater reverse osmosis has the potential to remove organic compounds and mitigate fouling. The effect of flocculation on the performance of microfiltration (MF) was investigated using two flocculants, namely, modified poly ferric silicate (PFSi-δ) and ferric chloride (FeCl3). The experimental results were analysed in terms of organic removal efficiency and critical flux. Both PFSi-δ and FeCl3 were found to be suitable as pretreatment because of their capacity in removing organic compounds. The results show that PFSi-δ was better than FeCl3 in terms of removing turbidity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particularly in removing hydrophilic compounds. The highest DOC removals of 68% and 57% were obtained when PFSi-δ at a dose of 1.2 mg Fe3+/L and FeCl3 at 3 mg Fe3+/L were used, respectively. It was observed that PFSi-δ (1.2 mg Fe3+/L) and FeCl3 (3 mg Fe3+/L) led to an increase of critical flux from 20 L/m2 h to 35 L/m2 h and 55 L/m2 h, respectively.

Jeong, S, Nguyen, V & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Submerged membrane coagulation hybrid system as pretreatment to organic matter removai from seawater', Water Science & Technology: Water Supply, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 352-357.
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In this study, a commonly used ferric chloride was utilised as coagulant for removing organic compounds from seawater. More than 57% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was removed at optimum dosage of 3 mg Fe+3/L. The coagulation by FeCl3 at optimum dosage could remove a majority (95%) of hydrophobic compounds. The results from Liquid Chromatography â Organic Carbon Detector showed that only <0.02 mg/L of hydrophobic compounds was found after coagulation. In addition, the modified fouling index decreased considerably from 15,848 s/L2 with raw seawater to 3,025 s/L2 with seawater after coagulation. In-line coagulation coupled with submerged membrane system (ICSMS) was also trialled. It is observed that critical flux was increased from 20 L/m2·h in the conventional submerged membrane system to 55 L/m2 h in ICSMS. The ICSMS could remain the high DOC removal efficiency (more than 70%) at filtration rate of 20 L/m2 h when keeping the development of trans-membrane pressure was significant lower than that of conventional submerged membrane system.

Ji, J & Zhang, N 2011, 'Attenuation of primary resonance vibrations of a non-linear system using a non-linear vibration absorber', Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 8, no. 2, Special Issue on ACAM6, pp. 113-119.
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In a single degree-of-freedom weakly nonlinear oscillator subjected to a periodic external excitation, a small-amplitude excitation may produce relatively large-amplitude vibrations under primary resonance conditions, when the forcing frequency is in the neighbourhood of the linearized natural frequency of the nonlinear oscillator. Jump and hysteresis phenomena that result from saddle-node bifurcations may occur in the steady-state forced response. A nonlinear vibration absorber is thus used to suppress the primary resonance vibrations. The two linearized natural frequencies of the resultant system formed by the nonlinear primary system and nonlinear absorber are not under any internal resonance conditions. The method of multiple scales is used to obtain the averaged equations that determine the amplitudes and phases of the first-order approximate solutions. Illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of the nonlinear vibration absorber for suppressing nonlinear vibrations of the forced oscillator under primary resonance conditions.

Ji, J & Zhang, N 2011, 'Suppression of super-harmonic resonance response using a linear vibration absorber', Mechanics Research Communications, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 411-416.
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Super-harmonic resonances may appear in the forced response of a weakly nonlinear oscillator having cubic nonlinearity, when the forcing frequency is approximately equal to one-third of the linearized natural frequency. Under super-harmonic resonance conditions, the frequency response curve of the amplitude of the free-oscillation terms may exhibit saddle-node bifurcations, jump and hysteresis phenomena. A linear vibration absorber is used to suppress the super-harmonic resonance response of a cubically nonlinear oscillator with external excitation. The absorber can be considered as a small mass-spring-damper oscillator and thus does not adversely affect the dynamic performance of the nonlinear primary oscillator. It is shown that such a vibration absorber is effective in suppressing the superharmonic resonance response and eliminating saddle-node bifurcations and jump phenomena of the nonlinear oscillator. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the absorber in attenuating the super-harmonic resonance response.

Ji, Z, Wei, Z & Zeng, B 2011, 'Complete characterization of the ground-space structure of two-body frustration-free Hamiltonians for qubits', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 84, no. 4.
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Jiang, Y, He, S, Lin, F & Jia, W 2011, 'An Encoding and Labeling Scheme Based on Continued Fraction for Dynamic XML', Journal of Software, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 2043-2049.
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Much research about labeling schemes has been conducted to efficiently determine the ancestor-descendant relationships and the document-order between any two random XML nodes without re-labeling for updates. In this paper, we present an efficient XML encoding and labeling scheme for dynamic XML document, named Continued Fraction-based Encoding (CFE). The proposed CFE scheme labels nodes with continued fractions and has the following three important properties: (1) CFE codes can be inserted between any two consecutive CFE codes with the orders kept and without re-encoding the existing nodes; (2) CFE is orthogonal to specific labeling schemes, thus it can be applied broadly to different labeling schemes or other applications to efficiently process the updates; (3) CFE supports all structural relationships query in XPath. Two test data sets were built for evaluation. The experimental results show that CFE provides fairly reasonable XML query processing performance while completely avoiding relabeling for updates.

Jiang, Z, Wang, S, Wei, D, Li, H, Xie, H, Wang, X & Zhang, X 2011, 'Study On Surface Roughness During Metal Manufacturing Process', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 418-420, pp. 897-902.
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In the paper, a crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) model was developed based on ABAQUS to analyse the surface roughness transfer during metal manufacturing. The simulation result shows a good agreement with the experimental result in the flattening of surface asperity, and the surface roughness decreases significantly with an increase of reduction with considering friction effect. Lubrication can delay surface asperity flattening. The effect of surface roughness on produced metal defect (crack) was also studied, and the surface roughness affects the crack initiation significantly in cold strip rolling. In addition, the surface roughness variation along the metal plate width contributes to stress distribution and then inhibition of crack nucleation.

Jiang, ZY, Wei, DB, Tieu, K, Huang J, X, Zhang, AW, Shi, X & Jiao, SH 2011, 'Study on oxidation of stainless steels during hot rolling', International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 31-42.
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The oxidation of stainless steels 304 and 304L during hot rolling is studied in this paper. Results show the oxide scale thickness decreases significantly with an increase of reduction, and the oxide scales of both 304 and 304L stainless steels were found more deformable than the steel substrate. Surface roughness shows a complicated transfer during the hot rolling process due to the complexity of oxide scale characteristics. Also, surface roughness decreases with an increase of reduction. The authors show that the friction coefficient decreases with an increase of oxide scale thickness for stainless steel 304L. Copyright © 2011, IGI Global.

Jin, J, Zheng, L, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2011, 'Performance Characteristics of an HTS Linear Synchronous Motor with HTS Bulk Magnet Secondary', IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 2469-2477.
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A single-sided high-temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) with an HTS bulk magnet array as its secondary has been developed, and a split pulse coil magnetization system is used to magnetize the secondary HTS bulks with alternating magnetic poles. The electromagnetic parameters of the HTSLSM have been calculated to verify its performance. The HTSLSM is incorporated with a developed control system based on the voltage space vector pulsewidth modulation strategy implemented by a computer-software-controlled platform. A compositive experimental testing system has also been developed to measure the thrust and normal force of the HTSLSM. The traits of the thrust and normal force have been comprehensively identi?ed experimentally, and the results from the experiments and analysis would bene?t the electromagnetic design and the control scheme development for the HTSLSM.

Jin, J, Zheng, L, Guo, Y, Xu, W & Zhu, J 2011, 'Analysis and experimental validation of an HTS linear synchronous propulsion prototype with HTS magnetic suspension', Physica C-Superconductivity And Its Applications, vol. 471, pp. 520-527.
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A high temperature superconducting (HTS) linear propulsion system composed of a single-sided HTS linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) in its middle and HTS magnetic suspension sub-systems on both sides has been developed. The HTSLSM uses an HTS bulk magnet array on the moving secondary, and the fieldtrapped characteristics of the HTS bulk using different magnetized methods have been measured and compared to identify their magnetization capability. In order to generate a large levitation force for the system, three different types of permanent magnet guideways (PMGs) have been numerically analyzed and experimentally verified to obtain an optimal PMG. Based on comprehensive experimental prototype tests, the results show that the HTS linear propulsion system can run with stable magnetic suspension having a constant air-gap length, and the thrust characteristics versus the exciting current, working frequency and the air-gap length have also been obtained. This work forms the basis for developing a practical HTS linear propulsion system by using HTS bulks both for propulsion and suspension.

Jin, J, Zheng, L, Xu, W, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2011, 'Influence Of External Traveling-Wave Magnetic Field On Trapped Field Of A High Temperature Superconducting Bulk Magnet Used In A Linear Synchronous Motor', Journal Of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 11, pp. 1-4.
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A single-sided high temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) has been developed with a pulse magnetization system to obtain the HTS bulk magnet array with alternating magnetic poles for the motor secondary. In order to identify the trapped field characteristics of the HTS bulk magnet exposed to the external traveling-wave magnetic field generated by the primary of the HTSLSM, a measurement system has been built up and the relevant experiments have been carried out. The relationships between the trapped field attenuation of the HTS bulk magnet and the amplitude, frequency and acting direction of the external traveling-wave magnetic field are experimentally obtained to allow the HTSLSM characteristics to be practically verified.

Jin, J, Zheng, L, Xu, W, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2011, 'Thrust Characteristics Of A Double-Sided High Temperature Superconducting Linear Synchronous Motor With A High Temperature Superconducting Magnetic Suspension System', Journal Of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 7, pp. 1-4.
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An electromagnetic design of a double-sided high temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) with an HTS bulk magnet secondary is introduced in this paper. A HTS magnetic suspension system is applied to replace the sliding rail to

Jin, P & Ziolkowski, RW 2011, 'Multi-Frequency, Linear and Circular Polarized, Metamaterial-Inspired, Near-Field Resonant Parasitic Antennas', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 1446-1459.
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Jin, S, Qu, X & Wang, D 2011, 'Assessment of Expressway Traffic Safety Using Gaussian Mixture Model based on Time to Collision', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 1122-1130.
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Johir, MH, Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, JK & Grasmick, A 2011, 'Influence Of Supporting Media In Suspension On Membrane Fouling Reduction In Submerged Membrane Bioreactor (Smbr)', Journal Of Membrane Science, vol. 374, no. 1-2, pp. 121-128.
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In this study, the SMBR was compared in terms of membrane fouling with and without the addition of suspended medium in the membrane reactor. The effectiveness of medium in suspension in submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) was evaluated at different filt

Johir, MH, George, J, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, JK & Grasmick, A 2011, 'Removal and recovery of nutrients by ion exchange from high rate membrane bio-reactor (MBR) effluent', Desalination, vol. 275, no. 2, pp. 197-202.
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In this study a membrane bioreactor (MBR) with ion-exchange as post-treatment was investigated for organic removal and nutrient recovery. The MBR was operated at a short HRT of 4 h in order to mainly remove organic carbon. This was followed by an ion-exchange process to remove and later recover the nitrogen and phosphorus from the MBR effluent. The increase in membrane resistance was reduced by 90% (from 0.061 to 0.006 m-1d-1) when the air scouring rate was increased from 0.5 to 1.5 m3/m2 membrane area h. The organic removal rate in terms of DOC was 85â90%. The bio-polymer in the molecular weight range of 24,500 Da was retained by the membrane of the MBR while humic type substances and lower molecular organic matter (molecular weight of 360â60 Da) were not effectively removed by the membrane. The ion-exchange process effectively removed the nutrients from the effluent of the MBR. The retention of PO4 3â and NO3 â by the two ion-exchange columns in series was 85% and 95% respectively. Over 95â98% phosphate and nitrate recovery was obtained during regeneration of columns with 1% NaCl of 20 bed volumes. This integrated process can remove pollutants and at the same time recover nutrients and thus open a new source for nitrogen and phosphorous.

Johnston, M & Hutvagner, GJ 2011, 'Posttranslational modification of Argonautes and their role in small RNA mediated gene regulation', Silence: a Journal of RNA Regulation, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 1-4.
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Shortly after their discovery, repertoires of miRNA were identified, together with proteins involved in their biogenesis and action. It is now obvious that miRNA-mediated gene regulation itself is regulated at multiple levels. Identifying the regulatory mechanisms that underpin small RNA homeostasis by modulation of their biogenesis and action has become a key issue, which can be partly resolved by identifying mediators of Argonautes turnover. An emerging theme in the control of Argonaute stability and activity is through posttranslational modifications, which are the focus of this review.

Kadlec, P & Gabrys, B 2011, 'Local Learning-Based Adaptive Soft Sensor for Catalyst Activation Prediction', AICHE JOURNAL, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 1288-1301.
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Kadlec, P, Grbic, R & Gabrys, B 2011, 'Review of adaptation mechanisms for data-driven soft sensors', COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 1-24.
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Kannan, AA, Fidan, B & Mao, G 2011, 'Use of flip ambiguity probabilities in robust sensor network localization', Wireless Networks, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 1157-1171.
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Collinear or near collinear placement of some sensors in a wireless sensor network causes the location estimates of nearby sensors to be sensitive to erroneous distance measurements which leads to large location estimation errors. These errors and the possible propagation of these errors to the entire network or a large portion of it, thereby causing larger estimation errors for some sensors locations, is a major problem in localization. This phenomenon is well described in rigid graph theory, using the notion of flip ambiguity. This paper considers arbitrary sensor neighborhoods of two dimensional sensor networks and formulates an analytical expression for the probability of occurrence of the flip ambiguity. Based on the derived probability expression, a methodology is proposed to make the localization algorithms robust by calculating such flip ambiguity probabilities and eliminating potentially poor location estimates as well as assigning confidence factors to the estimated locations to prevent them from ruining the subsequent localization steps. The efficiency of the proposed methodology is demonstrated via a set of simulations.

Katsanevakis, S, Stelzenmueller, V, South, A, Sorensen, TK, Jones, PJS, Kerr, S, Badalamenti, F, Anagnostou, C, Breen, P, Chust, G, D'Anna, G, Duijn, M, Filatova, T, Fiorentino, F, Hulsman, H, Johnson, K, Karageorgis, AR, Kroencke, I, Mirto, S, Pipitone, C, Portelli, S, Qiu, W, Reiss, H, Sakellariou, D, Salomidi, M, van Hoof, L, Vassilopoulou, V, Vega Fernandez, T, Voege, S, Weber, A, Zenetos, A & ter Hofstede, R 2011, 'Ecosystem-based marine spatial management: Review of concepts, policies, tools, and critical issues', OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT, vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 807-820.
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Kazienko, P, Musial, K & Kajdanowicz, T 2011, 'Multidimensional Social Network in the Social Recommender System', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 746-759.
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Kennard, R & Leaney, JR 2011, 'Is There Convergence in the Field of UI Generation?', Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 84, no. 12, pp. 2079-2087.
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For many software projects, the construction of the User Interface (UI) consumes a significant proportion of their development time. Any degree of automation in this area therefore has clear benefits. But it is difficult to achieve such automation in a way that will be widely adopted by industry because of the diversity of UIs, software architectures, platforms and development environments. In a previous article, the authors identified five key characteristics any UI generator would need in order to address this diversity. We asserted that, without these characteristics, a UI generator should not expect wide industry adoption or standardisation. We supported this assertion with evidence from industry adoption studies. A further source of validation would be to see if other research teams, who were also conducting industry field trials, were independently converging on this same set of characteristics. Conversely, it would be instructive if they were found to be converging on a different set of characteristics. In this article, the authors look for such evidence of convergence by interviewing the team behind one of the research community's most significant UI generators: Naked Objects. We observe strong signs of convergence, which we believe signal the beginning of a general purpose architecture for UI generation, one that both industry and the research community could standardise upon.

Khalilpour, R & Abbas, A 2011, 'HEN optimization for efficient retrofitting of coal-fired power plants with post-combustion carbon capture', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 189-199.
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Khalilpour, R & Karimi, IA 2011, 'Investment portfolios under uncertainty for utilizing natural gas resources', COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 1827-1837.
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Khalilpour, R & Karimi, IA 2011, 'Selection of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Contracts for Minimizing Procurement Cost', INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH, vol. 50, no. 17, pp. 10298-10312.
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Khorshed, C, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, JK, Aryal, R & Dharmapalan, D 2011, 'Assessment of water treatment processes: Detailed organic matter characterisation and membrane fouling indices at the Loddon Water Treatment Plant, Victoria, Australia', Water Science and Technology, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 274-280.
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Khushaba, RN, Al-Ani, A & Al-Jumaily, A 2011, 'Feature subset selection using differential evolution and a statistical repair mechanism', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 11515-11526.
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One of the fundamental motivations for feature selection is to overcome the curse of dimensionality problem. This paper presents a novel feature selection method utilizing a combination of differential evolution (DE) optimization method and a proposed repair mechanism based on feature distribution measures. The new method, abbreviated as DEFS, utilizes the DE float number optimizer in the combinatorial optimization problem of feature selection. In order to make the solutions generated by the float-optimizer suitable for feature selection, a roulette wheel structure is constructed and supplied with the probabilities of features distribution. These probabilities are constructed during iterations by identifying the features that contribute to the most promising solutions. The proposed DEFS is used to search for optimal subsets of features in datasets with varying dimensionality. It is then utilized to aid in the selection of Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) best basis for classification problems, thus acting as a part of a feature extraction process. Practical results indicate the significance of the proposed method in comparison with other feature selection methods.

Khushaba, RN, Al-Ani, A & Al-Jumaily, A 2011, 'Swarmed Discriminant Analysis for Multifunction Prosthesis Control', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 5, pp. 851-858.
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One of the approaches enabling people with amputated limbs to establish some sort of interface with the real world includes the utilization of the myoelectric signal (MES) from the remaining muscles of those limbs. The MES can be used as a control input to a multifunction prosthetic device. In this control scheme, known as the myoelectric control, a pattern recognition approach is usually utilized to discriminate between the MES signals that belong to different classes of the forearm movements. Since the MES is recorded using multiple channels, the feature vector size can become very large. In order to reduce the computational cost and enhance the generalization capability of the classifier, a dimensionality reduction method is needed to identify an informative yet moderate size feature set. This paper proposes a new fuzzy version of the well known Fisher's Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) feature projection technique. Furthermore, based on the fact that certain muscles might contribute more to the discrimination process, a novel feature weighting scheme is also presented by employing Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for estimating the weight of each feature. The new method, called PSOFLDA, is tested on real MES datasets and compared with other techniques to prove its superiority.

Khushaba, RN, Kodagoda, S, Lal, S & Dissanayake, G 2011, 'Driver Drowsiness Classification Using Fuzzy Wavelet-Packet-Based Feature-Extraction Algorithm', IEEE Transactions On Biomedical Engineering, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 121-131.
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Driver drowsiness and loss of vigilance are a major cause of road accidents. Monitoring physiological signals while driving provides the possibility of detecting and warning of drowsiness and fatigue. The aim of this paper is to maximize the amount of drowsiness-related information extracted from a set of electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals during a simulation driving test. Specifically, we develop an efficient fuzzy mutual-information (MI)- based wavelet packet transform (FMIWPT) feature-extraction method for classifying the driver drowsiness state into one of predefined drowsiness levels. The proposed method estimates the required MI using a novel approach based on fuzzy memberships providing an accurate-information content-estimation measure. The quality of the extracted features was assessed on datasets collected from 31 drivers on a simulation test. The experimental results proved the significance of FMIWPT in extracting features that highly correlate with the different drowsiness levels achieving a classification accuracy of 95%-97% on an average across all subjects.

Kiani, GI & Bird, TS 2011, 'ASK modulator based on switchable FSS for THz applications', RADIO SCIENCE, vol. 46.
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Kim, D, Shon, H, Sharma, G & Cho, J 2011, 'Charge effect of natural organic matter for ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes', Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 109-113.
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Natural organic matter (NOM) is one of the major membrane foulant during the ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) processes of water and wastewater treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of membrane and NOM charge on NOM removal efficiency and membrane fouling. Fractions of NOM including colloidal organic matter (COM), hydrophobic NOM (HP-NOM) and transphillic NOM (TL-NOM) were isolated from Nakdong river in Korea and filtered through UF and NF membranes under various pH conditions to control membrane and NOM charge using the bench-scale cross-flow filtration unit. Each NOM fraction has a different size and functionality. Each UF and NF charge affected NOM removal and membrane fouling. Membrane charge of UF affected both membrane fouling and NOM removal of charged NOM and non-charged NOM. However, membrane charge of NF affected both membrane fouling and NOM removal efficiency of charged NOM while it was not influenced by that of non-charged NOM.

Kim, J, Cho, DL, Kim, G, Gao, B & Shon, H 2011, 'Titania Nanomaterials Produced from Ti-Salt Flocculated Sludge in Water Treatment', Catalysis Surveys from Asia, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 117-126.
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Titania is the most widely used metal oxide for the applications of pigments, paper, solar cells and environmental purification. In order to meet the demand of a large amount of titania, our group has developed a novel process which could significantly lower the cost of waste disposal in water treatment, protect the environment and public health and yield economically valuable titania. Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) or titanium sulfate (Ti(SO4)2) as an alternative coagulant in water treatment has been explored for the removal of various pollutants from contaminated water or wastewater. Flocculation efficiencies of the Ti-salts were superior to those of Al- and Fe- salts with additional benefits in that a large amount of titania can be produced by calcinating the flocculated floc. The produced titania showed high photocatalytic activity for the removal of volatile organic compounds. The large amount of titania can be applied to pigments, environment and construction materials which require a lot of titania usages. This review paper presents an historical progress from fundamental to application in terms of the detailed production process, characterization, photoactivity of titania produced from Ti-salt flocculated sludge, and its various applications.

Kim, J, Okour, Y, Yang, H, Kim, JB & Shon, H 2011, 'Preparation and Characterisation of TiO2 Nanoparticle and Titanate Nanotube Obtained from Ti-Salt Flocculated Sludge with Drinking Water and Seawater', Journal of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1640-1643.
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This study aimed to prepare and characterise titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanopartictes and lilanate nanolubes produced from Ti-sat flocculated sludge with drinking water (DW) and seawater (SW). The Ti-salt flocculated sludge from DW and SW was incinerated at 600 °C to produce TiO2 nanoparticles. XRD results showed that the anatase TiO2 structure was predominant for TiO2 from DW (TiO2-DW) and TiO2 from SW (TiO2-SW), which were mainly doped with carbon atoms. Titanate nanotubes (tiNT) were obtained when TiO2-DW and TiO2-SW were hydrothermally treated wilh NaOH solution. Structure phase, shape, crystalisation and photocatalylic activity of tiNT were affected by the incineration temperature and the amount of sodium present in different tiNT. The tiNT doped with thiourea incinerated at 600 °C presented anatase phase, showing a high increase of the degree of crystallisation with nanotube-like structures. The photocatalylic activity of these photocatalysts was evaluated using photooxldation of gaseous acetaldehyde. Thiourea doped tiNT-DW and tiNT-SW showed similar photocatalytic activity compared to commercially available TiO2-P25 under UV light and indicated a photocatalytic activity under visible light.

Kiss, A, Hai, FI & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Roadside rest area wastewater treatment system: Performance evaluation and improvement', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 389-396.
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Kocbek, S, Saetre, R, Stiglic, G, Kim, J-D, Pernek, I, Tsuruoka, Y, Kokol, P, Ananiadou, S & Tsujii, J 2011, 'AGRA: analysis of gene ranking algorithms', BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1185-1186.
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Krunz, M & Manzi, D 2011, 'Channel access and traffic control for dynamic-spectrum networks with single-transmit, dual-receive radios', COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 935-947.
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Kus, BG, Kandasamy, JK, Vigneswaran, S & Shon, H 2011, 'Water Quality in Rainwater Tanks in Rural and Metropolitan Areas of New South Wales, Australia', Journal of Water Sustainability, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 33-43.
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This paper compares the water quality of rainwater tanks throughout the Sydney metropolitan area to that in rural New South Wales, Australia. The water quality is compared against the Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling (AGWR) to determine if the untreated rainwater from both areas can be considered suitable for non-potable water supply without filtration. Additionally this paper reports on a set of experiments where rainwater collected from a typical domestic roof in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia was treated by a pre-treatment of granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption filter followed by micro-filtration. The GAC column removed the pollutants through an adsorption mechanism. GAC is a macroporous solid with a very large surface area providing many sites for adsorption and it is this property that makes it an efficient adsorbent. The parameters analysed were ammonia, anions and cations, heavy metals, nitrate and nitrite, pH, total hardness, total organic carbon, total suspended solids and turbidity. The results indicate that before treatment, the rainwater already complied to many of the parameters specified in the AGWR, certain pollutants have the potential at times to exceed the AGWR. The water quality was within the AGWR limits after the treatment. The micro- filtration flux values demonstrate that rainwater was able to be filtered through the membranes under low gravitational heads that are typically available in a rainwater tank while still producing sufficient membrane flux and pollutant removal rates.

Kus, BG, Kandasamy, JK, Vigneswaran, S, Shon, H & Areerachakul, N 2011, 'Water quality of membrane filtered rainwater', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 32, pp. 208-213.
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Although most Australians receive their domestic supply from reticulated mains or town water, there are vast areas with very low population densities and few reticulated supplies. In many of these areas rainwater collected in tanks is the primary source of drinking water. Heavy metals are a concern as their concentration in rainwater tanks was found to exceed recommended levels suitable for human consumption. This paper reports on experimental investigations where rainwater collected from a typical domestic roof in Sydney, Australia was treated in two stages of filtration including granular activated carbon (GAC) as a pre-treatment adsorption filter media and a metallic membrane from Steri-flow Filtration Systems Pty. Ltd. The quality of the treated rainwater was compared against the drinking water standards to determine its suitability as a supplement for potable water supply. The pollutants analysed were heavy metals, total coliform and faecal coliforms, total organic carbon, total suspended solids and turbidity. The results indicate that before treatment, the rainwater already complied with many of the parameters specified in drinking water standards. The metallic membrane performed well in removing suspended particles and heavy metals from the rainwater. The performance of the metallic membrane is greatly improved by the use of pre-treatment such as GAC which was used in this experiment.

Kwok, N, Jia, X, Wang, D, Chen, SY, Fang, G & Ha, QP 2011, 'Visual Impact Enhancement via Image Histogram Smoothing and Continuous Intensity Relocation', Computers & Electrical Engineering, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 681-694.
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Image contrast enhancement is a fundamental pre-processing stage in applications requiring image processing operations. Among revenues of available approaches, histogram equalization is a popular and attractive candidate method to produce resultant images of increased contrast. However, images obtained from canonical histogram equalization frequently suffer from the accompanying artefacts and give rises to uncomfortable viewing particularly in homogeneous regions. In this work, the problem is tackled using the histogram matching concept where the intensity histogram of the input image is matched to its smoothed version for contrast enhancement. Furthermore, homogeneous pixel intensities are randomly perturbed in order to reduce undesirable artefacts. The resultant image intensities are thus distributed over the available range and an increased image contrast is derived. Satisfactory results are obtained from a collection of benchmark images captured under different conditions to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Lai, C-H, Thomson, T & Dorrell, D 2011, 'Intermag Conference 2011 Publication Chairs' Preface', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 2349-2349.
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Lai, W, Huang, X & Huang, M 2011, 'SWING: A System for Visualizing Web Graphs', Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences (AISS), vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 94-101.
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A Web graph refers to the graph that is used to represent relationships between Web pages in cyberspace, where a node represents a URL and an edge indicates a link between two URLs. A Web graph is a very huge graph as growing with cyberspace. This paper presents a pipeline for extracting web information from cyberspace to a web graph and layout techniques for making the web graph more readable. As the size of computer screen is limited, only a small part of the Web graph can be displayed. Several layout techniques should be adapted and combined effectively for web graph visualization. The visualization process incorporates graph drawing algorithms, layout adjustment methods, as well as filtering and clustering methods in order to decide which part of the Web graph should be displayed and how to display it based on the users focus in navigation.

Lancry, M, Groothoff, N, Poumellec, B, Guizard, S, Fedorov, N & Canning, J 2011, 'Time-resolved plasma measurements in Ge-doped silica exposed to infrared femtosecond laser', PHYSICAL REVIEW B, vol. 84, no. 24.
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Langsetmo, L, Nguyen, TV, Nguyen, ND, Kovacs, CS, Prior, JC, Center, JR, Morin, S, Josse, RG, Adachi, JD, Hanley, DA & Eisman, JA 2011, 'Independent external validation of nomograms for predicting risk of low-trauma fracture and hip fracture', CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL, vol. 183, no. 2, pp. E107-E114.
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Lazos, L & Krunz, M 2011, 'Selective Jamming/Dropping Insider Attacks in Wireless Mesh Networks', IEEE NETWORK, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 30-34.
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Lee, J, Guan, H, Loo, Y-C, Blumenstein, M & Wang, X-P 2011, 'Modelling Long-term Bridge Deterioration at Structural Member Level Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques', ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2, vol. 99-100, pp. 444-+.
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Lee, J, Zhou, J & Kim, S 2011, 'Effects of biodegradation and sorption by humic acid on the estrogenicity of 17 beta-estradiol', Chemosphere, vol. 85, no. 8, pp. 1383-1389.
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The removal of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) by biodegradation and sorption onto humic acid (HA) was examined at various HA concentrations. Subsequently, estrogenicity associated with E2 removal was estimated using E-screen bioassay. Results showed that E2 biodegradation and its subsequent transformation to estrone (E1) were significantly reduced with increasing HA concentration. In addition, the presence of nutrients enhanced the biodegradation of E2. Overall, E2 biodegradation was the dominating contributor to its removal, which demonstrated a significantly negative correlation with E2 sorption at various HA concentrations. The sorption of E2 by HA was significantly enhanced with increasing HA concentration. Estrogenicity associated with residual E2 showed that there existed a significant difference among various HA concentrations, with the lowest value in the absence of HA. The findings suggest that the presence of HA and nutrients in natural waters should be considered in assessing estrogenicity of environmental samples due to complex sorption and biodegradation processes

Lee, S, Kim, K, Shon, H, Kim, SH & Cho, J 2011, 'Biotoxicity Of Nanoparticles: Effect Of Natural Organic Matter', Journal of nanoparticle Research, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 3051-3061.
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Various natural organic matters (NOM) with different characteristics in aquatic environment may affect toxicity of leased nanoparticles, owing to interactions between NOM and nanoparticles. This study investigated the effect of NOM and physical characteristics of the effluent organic matter (EfOM) on the ecotoxicity of quantum dots (QD) using Daphnia magna. Organic matter samples were obtained from: Yeongsan River (YR-NOM), Dongbuk Lake (DL-NOM), Damyang wastewater treatment plant (EfOM), and Suwannee River NOM (SR-NOM). The QD was composed of a CdSe core, ZnS shell, and polyethylene glycol coating. The average size of the investigated QD was 4.8, 56.5, and 25.0 nm determined by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation, respectively. The relative hydrophobicity of NOM was investigated using both specific UV absorbance at 254 nm and XAD-8/4 resins. The sorption of NOM on the QD was measured using a fluorescence quenching method. The highest hydrophobicity was exhibited by the SR-NOM, while the lowest was recorded for the DL-NOM. All tested NOMs significantly reduced the acute toxicity of D. magna when adsorbed to QD, and the order of effectiveness for each NOM was as follows: SR-NOM>EfOM>YS-NOM>DL-NOM. The sorption of NOM on the QD surface caused a decrease in the fluorescence intensity of QD at increasing NOM concentration. This suggests that the NOM coating influenced the physicochemical characteristics ofQDin the internal organs of D. magna by inducing a reduced bioavailability. Results from this study revealed that NOM with relatively high hydrophobicity had a greater capability of inducing toxicity mitigation.

Lee, T, Mittal, R, Reichardt, BW, Špalek, R & Szegedy, M 2011, 'Quantum Query Complexity of State Conversion', 2011 IEEE 52nd Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science.
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Lees, JG, Bach, CTT, Bradbury, P, Paul, A, Gunning, PW & O'Neill, GM 2011, 'The actin-associating protein Tm5NM1 blocks mesenchymal motility without transition to amoeboid motility', ONCOGENE, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 1241-1251.
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Lei, Y, Zhao, Z, Wang, S, Dorrell, DG & Xu, W 2011, 'Design and Analysis of Star-Delta Hybrid Windings for High Voltage Induction Motors', IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 9, pp. 3758-3767.
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In this paper, a Y-? hybrid connection for a high-voltage induction motor is described. Low winding harmonic content is achieved by careful consideration of the interaction between the Y- and ?-connected three-phase winding sets so that the magnetomotive force (MMF) in the air gap is close to sinusoid. Essentially, the two winding sets operate in a six-phase mode. This paper goes on to verify that the fundamental distribution coefficient for the stator MMF is enhanced compared to a standard three-phase winding set. The design method for converting a conventional double-layer lap winding in a high-voltage induction motor into a Y-? hybrid lap winding is described using standard winding theory as often applied to small- and medium-sized motors. The main parameters addressed when designing the winding are the conductor wire gauge, coil turns, and parallel winding branches in the Y and ? connections. A winding design scheme for a 1250-kW 6-kV induction motor is put forward and experimentally validated; the results show that the efficiency can be raised effectively without increasing the cost.

Leyendekkers, JV & Shannon, AG 2011, 'Why 3 and 5 are always factors of primitive Pythagorean triples', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 102-105.
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Analysis of integer structure and right-end-digits can illustrate why 3 and 5 are features of primitive Pythagorean triples. The results also utilize the triangular and pentagonal numbers.

Li, C-H, Kuo, B-C & Lin, C-T 2011, 'LDA-Based Clustering Algorithm and Its Application to an Unsupervised Feature Extraction', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 152-163.
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Li, F, Luo, Z & Sun, G 2011, 'Reliability-based multiobjective design optimization under interval uncertainty', CMES - Computer Modelling in engineering and Sciences, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 39-64.
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This paper studies the reliability-based multiobjective optimization by using a new interval strategy to model uncertain parameters. A new satisfaction degree of interval, which is significantly extended from [0, 1] to [-ï½, +ï½], is introduced into the non-probabilistic reliability-based optimization. Based on a predefined satisfaction degree level, the uncertain constraints can be effectively transformed into deterministic ones. The interval number programming method is applied to change each uncertain objective function to a deterministic two-objective optimization. So in this way the uncertain multiobjective optimization problem is transformed into a deterministic optimization problem and a reliability-based multiobjective optimization is then established. For sophisticated engineering problems, the objectives and constraints are modeled by using the response surface (RS) approximation method to improve the optimization efficiency. Thus the reliability-based multiobjective optimization is combined with the RS approximation models to form an approximation optimization problem. For the multiobjective optimization, the Pareto sets can be obtained with different satisfactory degree levels. Two numerical examples and one real-world crashworthiness design for vehicle frontal structure are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Li, J & Hao, H 2011, 'A two-step numerical method for efficient analysis of structural response to blast load', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 103-126.
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Even with modern computer power, detailed numerical modeling and simulation of structure response to blast loads are still extremely expensive and sometimes prohibitive because it is very time consuming and requires huge computer memory. Often compromise has to be made between simulation efficiency and simulation accuracy. A lot of research efforts have been spent on improving the computational efficiency. Most of these researches concentrate on simplifying the structures, such as simplifying a structure to an equivalent SDOF system, use smeared reinforcement steel and concrete model, use substructure approach to only model part of the structure in detail. Although these approaches under certain conditions yield reliable predictions, each of them has its associated limitations. Recently a two-step method was developed to improve the computation and modeling efficiency of structure response to blast loads. Instead of simplifying the structure, the proposed method calculates the structural responses in two steps. The first step calculates the structural responses in the loading phase and the second calculates the free vibration responses with the velocity profile of the structure at the end of the loading phase as initial conditions. Using a reinforced concrete beam as the example, it was found that the proposed method yields reliable predictions of the overall beam deflection and stress in longitudinal reinforcement bars with less than 10% computational time as compared to a detailed FE model simulation. However, the predicted stress in hoop reinforcements near the beam supports is not as good. In this paper, the method is improved by also including displacement response at the end of the forced-vibration phase as the initial conditions in the free vibration analysis. The same reinforced concrete beam is used. The results show that including the displacement initial conditions in the two-step method leads to an improved prediction of the beam responses. Parametric...

Li, J & Hao, H 2011, 'Development of a simplified numerical method for structural response analysis to blast load', Procedia Engineering, vol. 14, pp. 2558-2566.
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The response of structural concrete elements under extremely short duration dynamic loads is of great concern nowadays. The most prevailing method to this problem is based on SDOF simplification. It is well known that the SDOF model can reliably predict the overall structural component response if the response follows predominantly a predefined damage mode such as shear or flexural mode. However, it cannot reliably predict localized failure of structures. Moreover, reliable deflection shape and damage criterion, which are critical for developing the equivalent SDOF model, are difficult to define. Therefore, although most design and analysis are still based on SDOF approach, more and more analyses are conducted with detailed Finite Element (FE) modelling. However, due to the short time duration as well as the huge loading magnitude, it is extremely difficult and time consuming to perform FE structural response analysis to blast loads, even with modern computer power. In this paper, a numerical approach, which substantially reduces the modelling and computational effort in analysing structural responses to blast load, is presented. Based on the short duration of blast load, the structural response is divided into two parts: forced vibration phase and free vibration phase. In the proposed method, the response during the forced vibration phase is approximately solved using the SDOF approach. Using the estimated response quantities at the end of the forced vibration phase as the initial conditions, a detail FE model in LS-DYNA is established and free vibration response is solved. This approach, while yielding reasonably accurate response calculations, substantially reduces the modelling and computational effort. To demonstrate the method, a reinforced concrete beam is analysed using both the conventional detailed FE modelling and the proposed approach. Comparisons of the numerical results from the two methods demonstrate the reliability of the proposed method. Compare...

Li, J & Robertson, TJ 2011, 'Physical space and information space: studies of collaboration in distributed multi-disciplinary medical team meetings', Behaviour & Information Technology, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 443-454.
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We conducted field studies with three multi-disciplinary cancer teams at three hospitals. We investigated distributed multi-disciplinary team meetings (MDTMs) at each setting focusing on the organisational context, existing collaboration technology facilities and the use and availability of digital medical information systems. Our results highlight how factors such as room size, team size, seating arrangements, display configuration and variations in preparing and presenting medical information clearly influence the dynamics of the conversation and information sharing in distributed MDTMs. Our analysis shows how these configurations, arrangements and practices arise and the implications they have for any technical interventions that might be introduced. We discuss how to configure a collaborative work space to support information sharing and communication in distributed MDTMs, such as a shared physical space facilitating interaction, a shared information space affording varied styles of medical information interaction and, importantly, configuring available technologies and resources to support collaboration in shared spaces without compromising local contexts.

Li, J, Dackermann, U, Xu, YL & Samali, B 2011, 'Damage Identification In Civil Engineering Structures Utilizing Pca-Compressed Residual Frequency Response Functions And Neural Network Ensembles', Structural Control and Health Monitoring, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 207-226.
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This paper presents a non-destructive, global, vibration-based damage identification method that utilizes damage pattern changes in frequency response functions (FRFs) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) to identify defects. To extract damage features and to obtain suitable input parameters for ANNs, principal component analysis (PCA) techniques are applied. Residual FRFs, which are the differences in the FRF data from the intact and the damaged structure, are compressed to a few principal components and fed to ANNs to estimate the locations and severities of structural damage. A hierarchy of neural network ensembles is created to take advantage of individual information from sensor signals. To simulate fieldtesting conditions, white Gaussian noise is added to the numerical data and a noise sensitivity study is conducted to investigate the robustness of the developed damage detection technique to noise. Both numerical and experimental results of simply supported steel beam structures have been used to demonstrate effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method.

Li, L, Xu, G, Zhang, Y & Kitsuregawa, M 2011, 'Random walk based rank aggregation to improving web search', Knowledge-based Systems, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 943-951.
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In Web search, with the aid of related query recommendation, Web users can revise their initial queries in several serial rounds in pursuit of finding needed Web pages. In this paper, we address the Web search problem on aggregating search results of related queries to improve the retrieval quality. Given an initial query and the suggested related queries, our search system concurrently processes their search result lists from an existing search engine and then forms a single list aggregated by all the retrieved lists. We specifically propose a generic rank aggregation framework which consists of three steps. First we build a so-called Win/Loss graph of Web pages according to a competition rule, and then apply the random walk mechanism on the Win/Loss graph. Last we sort these Web pages by their ranks using a PageRank-like rank mechanism. The proposed framework considers not only the number of wins that an item won in competitions, but also the quality of its competitor items in calculating the ranking of Web page items. Experimental results show that our search system can clearly improve the retrieval quality in a parallel manner over the traditional search strategy that serially returns result lists. Moreover, we also provide empirical evidences as to demonstrate how different rank aggregation methods affect the retrieval quality.

Li, S, Tan, M, Tsang, I & Kwok, J 2011, 'A Hybrid PSO-BFGS strategy for global optimization of multimodal functions', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 1003-1014.
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Particle swarm optimizer (PSO) is a powerful optimization algorithm that has been applied to a variety of problems. It can, however, suffer from premature convergence and slow convergence rate. Motivated by these two problems, a hybrid global optimization strategy combining PSOs with a modified Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) method is presented in this paper. The modified BFGS method is integrated into the context of the PSOs to improve the particles' local search ability. In addition, in conjunction with the territory technique, a reposition technique to maintain the diversity of particles is proposed to improve the global search ability of PSOs. One advantage of the hybrid strategy is that it can effectively find multiple local solutions or global solutions to the multimodal functions in a box-constrained space. Based on these local solutions, a reconstruction technique can be adopted to further estimate better solutions. The proposed method is compared with several recently developed optimization algorithms on a set of 20 standard benchmark problems. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can obtain high-quality solutions on multimodal function optimization problems.

Li, X, Hai, FI & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Simultaneous activated carbon adsorption within a membrane bioreactor for an enhanced micropollutant removal', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5319-5324.
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Li, X, Hai, FI, Tadkaew, N, Gilbertson, S & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Strategies to enhance the removal of the persistent pharmaceutically active compound carbamazepine by membrane bioreactors', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 34, no. 1-3, pp. 402-407.
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Carbamazepine, which is an anti-epileptic drug, is ubiquitously present in municipal wastewater. Owing to its recalcitrant chemical structure, carbamazepine is not significantly removed during conventional biological treatment or even by membrane bioreactor (MBR). With the ultimate aim of providing insights into the strategies to enhance carbamazepine removal, the effect of key operational parameters, namely, loading rate (2–750 μg/L• d), pH (5–9), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration (1–15 g/L) and dissolved oxygen (DO) (<0.5–5 mg/L) on the removal of carabamazepine by MBR was systematically studied. Results obtained in this study revealed negligible influence of pH and of MLSS concentration (beyond 5 g/L) on the removal of carbamazepine. The removal rate, however, was significantly enhanced under a DO concentration of less than 0.5 mg/L, suggesting that an alternating anoxic-oxic environment in MBR would achieve high removal. Significantly enhanced (287 mg/g vs. 0.02 mg/g) adsorption of carbamazepine on powdered activated carbon (PAC) as compared to MBR sludge indicated that simultaneous PAC adsorption in MBR may achieve enhanced removal. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Li, X, Hai, FI, Tadkaew, N, Gilbertson, S & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Strategies to enhance the removal of the persistent pharmaceutically active compound carbamazepine by membrane bioreactors', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 34, no. 1-3, pp. 402-407.
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Li, Y, Li, J & Samali, B 2011, 'Dynamic Performance of a Novel Magnetorheological Pin Joint', Journal of System Design and Dynamics, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 706-715.
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Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) has received significant attention lately and MRF based devices have been proposed for structural control applications in recent years. The unique characteristics of MR fluid lies in its abilities to reversibly, repeatedly and instantly change from a free flowing liquid to a semi-solid state when exposed to a magnetic field. The electric power required to drive the MR devices can be easily provided by a battery. Possessing such unique properties, MR fluid based devices, such as MR damper, have become promising candidates in the semi-active control for civil structure applications. However, most of the published research has focused on application of MR dampers instead of exploring other type of MR devices. In addition, MR based devices exhibit complex nonlinear hysteresis behaviour and thus making their modelling a challenging task. In this paper, a novel MR fluid based device, namely MR pin joint, is proposed as a smart structural member in development of an intelligent civil structure that can suppress unwanted vibrations to ensure safety and serviceability of the structure. After design and fabrication, experiments have been conducted to characterise dynamic behaviours of the new device under different harmonic excitations with various input currents. Response time of the MR pin joint is compared when the MR pin joint is driven under different applied currents and moving speeds. Test data shows that the MR pin joint possesses a unique behaviour in the moment-angular velocity plot. A hyperbolic hysteresis model is proposed to model such unique behaviour. The investigation presented in the paper explores dynamic performance of MR pin joint. Finally, a parametric model is developed following the investigation on the correlation of coefficients in the proposed model with the loading conditions and applied currents.

Li, Y, Lin, Z, Liu, H, Wang, Y, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Yang, Q 2011, 'Three-Dimensional Magnetic Properties Of Soft Magnetic Composite Material At Different Frequencies', Journal Of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 7, pp. 1-3.
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Due to their intrinsic isotropic magnetic properties, soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials are applied in electrical machines in which the magnetic energy can be transported in three dimensions (3-D). However, in real applications, complicated magneti

Li, Y, Zhu, J, Yang, Q, Lin, Z, Guo, Y & Zhang, C 2011, 'Study on Rotational Hysteresis and Core Loss under Three-Dimensional Magnetisation', IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 3520-3523.
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In this paper, magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials under alternating and various rotational magnetizations have been properly measured, modeled, and analyzed at typical frequencies of 5, 50, and 500 Hz. The relationship between the magnetic flux density vector B and magnetic field strength vector H has been systemically studied when the B loci are well controlled to be circles and ellipses in three orthogonal planes of the three-dimensional (3-D) tester. The core loss features against magnetic flux densities with alternating and rotational magnetizations are also compared and analyzed. It is found that the rotational core losses are nearly twice of the alternating core losses at the same magnitude of flux density. Experimental results show that SMC materials have good 3-D features, and great potential for application in rotational magnetic flux machines.

Li, Z, Wong, L & Li, J 2011, 'DBAC: A Simple Prediction Method For Protein Binding Hot Spots Based On Burial Levels And Deeply Buried Atomic Contacts', BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, vol. 5, no. S1, pp. 1-11.
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Background: A protein binding hot spot is a cluster of residues in the interface that are energetically important for the binding of the protein with its interaction partner. Identifying protein binding hot spots can give useful information to protein en

Liang, W, Chen, B & Yu, JX 2011, 'Top-k query evaluation in sensor networks under query response time constraint', INFORMATION SCIENCES, vol. 181, no. 4, pp. 869-882.
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Liao, L-D, Wang, I-J, Chen, S-F, Chang, J-Y & Lin, C-T 2011, 'Design, Fabrication and Experimental Validation of a Novel Dry-Contact Sensor for Measuring Electroencephalography Signals without Skin Preparation', SENSORS, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 5819-5834.
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Liao, Y, Gramann, K, Feng, W, Deak, GO & Li, H 2011, 'This ought to be good: Brain activity accompanying positive and negative expectations and outcomes', PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, vol. 48, no. 10, pp. 1412-1419.
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Lin, C, L. W., K, H. Y., T & T. P., J 2011, 'A Mobile Eeg Device For On-line Assessment Of Sleep Quality', Sleep and Biological Rhythms, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 222-223.
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Lin, C, Sandrasegaran, K, Mohd Ramli, H & Basukala, R 2011, 'Optimized Performance Evaluation of LTE Hard Handover Algorithm with Average RSRP Constraint', International Journal of Wirless and Mobile Networks, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1-16.
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Hard handover mechanism is adopted to be used in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE) in order to reduce the complexity of the LTE network architecture. This mechanism comes with degradation in system throughput as well as a higher system delay. This paper proposes a new handover algorithm known as LTE Hard Handover Algorithm with Average Received Signal Reference Power (RSRP) Constraint (LHHAARC) in order to minimize number of handovers and the system delay as well as maximize the system throughput. An optimized system performance of the LHHAARC is evaluated and compared with three well-known handover algorithms via computer simulation. The simulation results show that the LHHAARC outperforms three well-known handover algorithms by having less number of average handovers per UE per second, shorter total system delay whilst maintaining a higher total system throughput.

Lin, C-C, Jin, P & Ziolkowski, RW 2011, 'Multi-Functional, Magnetically-Coupled, Electrically Small, Near-Field Resonant Parasitic Wire Antennas', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 714-724.
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Lin, CJ, Chen, CH & Lin, CT 2011, 'An efficient evolutionary algorithm for fuzzy inference systems', Evolving Systems, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 83-99.
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In this paper, a novel self-constructing evolutionary algorithm (SCEA) for designing a TSK-type fuzzy model (TFM) is proposed. The proposed SCEA method is different from normal genetic algorithms (GAs). A chromosome of a population in traditional GAs represents a full solution and only one population presents all solutions in each generation. Our proposed method uses a population to evaluate a partial solution locally and applies several populations to construct a full solution. Thus, a chromosome represents only a partial solution. The proposed SCEA method uses the self-constructing learning algorithm to construct the TFM automatically that is based on the input training data to decide on the input partition. Fuzzy rules are created and begin to grow as the first training pattern arrives. Thus, the user need not give any a priori knowledge or even any initial information on the SCEA. We also adopted the sequence search-based dynamic evolution (SSDE) method to carry out parameter learning of the TFM. Simulation results have shown that the proposed SCEA method performs better than some existing methods. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

Lin, CT & Lee, CS 2011, 'FUZZ-IEEE 2011', IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 22-23.
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The FUZZ-IEEE is one of the premier international conferences in the field of fuzzy sets and systems. The 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZIEEE 2011) was held at the Grand Hyatt Taipei, Taiwan, from June 27 to 30, 2011. Paper submissions were reviewed by at least three reviewers, with no specific treatment given to papers submitted for special sessions. The IEEE CIS travel grants program provided travel grants to assist 10 IEEE CIS student members to attend the conference to present their papers. FUZZ-IEEE 2011 consisted of 5 workshops, 18 regular sessions, 43 special sessions, and 4 poster sessions, covering both traditional and emerging topics on the whole range of research and applications in fuzzy systems and soft computing. In additional to the excellent technical program, a series of social events were held to allow participants to better appreciate the sights and sounds of Taiwan.

Lin, C-T, Chen, S-A, Chiu, T-T, Lin, H-Z & Ko, L-W 2011, 'Spatial and temporal EEG dynamics of dual-task driving performance.', Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, vol. 8, pp. 11-11.
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BACKGROUND: Driver distraction is a significant cause of traffic accidents. The aim of this study is to investigate Electroencephalography (EEG) dynamics in relation to distraction during driving. To study human cognition under a specific driving task, simulated real driving using virtual reality (VR)-based simulation and designed dual-task events are built, which include unexpected car deviations and mathematics questions. METHODS: We designed five cases with different stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) to investigate the distraction effects between the deviations and equations. The EEG channel signals are first converted into separated brain sources by independent component analysis (ICA). Then, event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) changes of the EEG power spectrum are used to evaluate brain dynamics in time-frequency domains. RESULTS: Power increases in the theta and beta bands are observed in relation with distraction effects in the frontal cortex. In the motor area, alpha and beta power suppressions are also observed. All of the above results are consistently observed across 15 subjects. Additionally, further analysis demonstrates that response time and multiple cortical EEG power both changed significantly with different SOA. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that theta power increases in the frontal area is related to driver distraction and represents the strength of distraction in real-life situations.

Lin, C-T, Liao, L-D, Liu, Y-H, Wang, I-J, Lin, B-S & Chang, J-Y 2011, 'Novel Dry Polymer Foam Electrodes for Long-Term EEG Measurement', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 1200-1207.
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Lin, Z, Li, Y, Zhu, J, Wang, X, Dou, SX, Guo, Y, Lei, G, Wang, Y, Phillips, M, Cortie, MB, Li, Y, Choi, K & Shi, X 2011, 'Visualization Of Vortex Motion In Feas-Based Bafe(1.9)Ni(0.1)As(2) Single Crystal By Means Of Magneto-Optical Imaging', Journal Of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 7, pp. 0-0.
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Superconductivity has been found in newly discovered iron-based compounds. This paper studies the motion of magnetic vortices in BaFe(1.9)Ni(0.1)As(2) single crystal by means of the magneto-optical imaging technique. A series of magneto-optical images re

Lin, ZW, Li, YJ, Zhu, JG, Wang, XL, Dou, SX, Guo, YG, Lei, G, Wang, Y, Philips, M, Cortie, M, Li, YC, Choi, K-Y & Shi, X 2011, 'Visualization of vortex motion in FeAs-based BaFe(1.9)Ni(0.1)As(2) single crystal by means of magneto-optical imaging (vol 109, 07E142, 2011)', JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 109, no. 10.
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Lindner, E, Canning, J, Chojetzki, C, Brückner, S, Becker, M, Rothhardt, M & Bartelt, H 2011, 'Post-hydrogen-loaded draw tower fiber Bragg gratings and their thermal regeneration.', Applied Optics, vol. 50, no. 17, pp. 2519-2522.
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The idea of Bragg gratings generated during the drawing process of a fiber dates back almost 20 years. The technical improvement of the draw tower grating (DTG) process today results in highly reliable and cost-effective Bragg gratings for versatile application in the optical fiber sensor market. Because of the single-pulse exposure of the fiber, the gratings behave typically like type I gratings with respect to their temperature stability. This means that such gratings only work up to temperatures of about 300 °C. To increase temperature stability, we combined DTG arrays with hydrogen postloading and a thermal regeneration process that enables their use in high-temperature environments. The regenerated draw tower gratings are demonstrated to be suitable for temperatures of more than 800 °C.

Lindner, E, Canning, J, Chojetzki, C, Brueckner, S, Becker, M, Rothhardt, M & Bartelt, H 2011, 'Thermal regenerated type IIa fiber Bragg gratings for ultra-high temperature operation', OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 284, no. 1, pp. 183-185.
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Ling, SS 2011, 'A new neural network structure: node-to-node-link neural network', Journal of Intelligence Learning Systems and Application, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-11.
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This paper presents a new neural network structure and namely node-to-node-link neural network (N-N-LNN) and it is trained by real-coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) with average-bound crossover and wavelet mutation [1]. The N-N-LNN exhibits a node-to-node relationship in the hidden layer and the network parameters are variable. These characteristics make the network adaptive to the changes of the input environment, enabling it to tackle different input sets distributed in a large domain. Each input data set is effectively handled by a corresponding set of network parame-ters. The set of parameters is governed by other nodes. Thanks to these features, the proposed network exhibits better learning and generalization abilities. Industrial application of the proposed network to hand-written graffiti recognition will be presented to illustrate the merits of the network.

Ling, SS & Lam, HK 2011, 'Playing Tic-Tac-Toe Using Genetic Neural Network with Double Transfer functions', Journal of Intelligence Learning Systems and Application, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 37-44.
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Computational intelligence is a powerful tool for game development. In this paper, an algorithm of playing the game Tic-Tac-Toe with computational intelligence is developed. This algorithm is learned by a Neural Network with Double Transfer functions (NNDTF), which is trained by genetic algorithm (GA). In the NNDTF, the neuron has two transfer functions and exhibits a node-to-node relationship in the hidden layer that enhances the learning ability of the network. A Tic-Tac-Toe game is used to show that the NNDTF provide a better performance than the traditional neural network does.

Ling, SS & Nguyen, HT 2011, 'Genetic algorithm based multiple regression with fuzzy inference system for detection of nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes', IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 308-315.
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Hypoglycemia or low blood glucose is dangerous and can result in unconsciousness, seizures, and even death. It is a common and serious side effect of insulin therapy in patients with diabetes. Hypoglycemic monitor is a noninvasivemonitor that measures some physiological parameters continuously to provide detection of hypoglycemic episodes in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (T1DM). Based on heart rate (HR), corrected QT interval of the ECG signal, change of HR, and the change of corrected QT interval, we develop a genetic algorithm (GA)-based multiple regression with fuzzy inference system (FIS) to classify the presence of hypoglycemic episodes. GA is used to find the optimal fuzzy rules and membership functions of FIS and the model parameters of regression method. From a clinical study of 16 children with T1DM, natural occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes is associated with HRs and corrected QT intervals. The overall data were organized into a training set (eight patients) and a testing set (another eight patients) randomly selected. The results show that the proposed algorithm performs a good sensitivity with an acceptable specificity.

Ling, SS, Jiang, F, Nguyen, HT & Chan, KY 2011, 'Hybrid Fuzzy Logic-Based Particle Swarm Optimization For Flow Shop Scheduling Problem', International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 335-356.
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This paper, proposes a hybrid fuzzy logic-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) with cross-mutated operation method for the minimization of makespan in permutation flow shop scheduling problem. This problem is a typical non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP) hard combinatorial optimization problem. In the proposed hybrid PSO, fuzzy inference system is applied to determine the inertia weight of PSO and the control parameter of the proposed cross-mutated operation by using human knowledge. By introducing the fuzzy system, the inertia weight becomes adaptive. The cross-mutated operation effectively forces the solution to escape the local optimum. To make PSO suitable for solving flow shop scheduling problem, a sequence-order system based on the roulette wheel mechanism is proposed to convert the continuous position values of particles to job permutations. Meanwhile, a new local search technique namely swap-based local search for scheduling problem is designed and incorporated into the hybrid PSO. Finally, a suite of flow shop benchmark functions are employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed PSO for flow shop scheduling problems. Experimental results show empirically that the proposed method outperforms the existing hybrid PSO methods significantly.

Lister, R 2011, 'Computing education research - Programming, syntax and cognitive load (Part 2)', ACM Inroads, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 16-17.
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Lister, RF 2011, 'COMPUTING EDUCATION RESEARCH: What If We Approached Teaching Like Software Engineering?', ACM Inroads, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 17-18.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, RF 2011, 'Programming, syntax and cognitive load', ACM Inroads, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 21-22.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, RF 2011, 'Programming, Syntax and Cognitive Load (Part 2)', ACM Inroads, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 16-17.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, RF 2011, 'Ten years after the McCracken Working Group', ACM Inroads, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 18-19.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Listowski, A, Ngo, H, Guo, W & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'A novel integrated assessment methodology of urban water reuse', Water Science And Technology, vol. 64, no. 8, pp. 1642-1651.
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Wastewater is no longer considered a waste product and water reuse needs to play a stronger part in securing urban water supply. Although treatment technologies for water reclamation have significantly improved the question that deserves further analysis is, how selection of a particular wastewater treatment technology relates to performance and sustainabiiity? The proposed assessment model integrates; (i) technology, characterised by selected quantity and quality performance parameters; (ii) productivity, efficiency and reliability criteria; (iii) quantitative performance indicators; (iv) development of evaluation model. The challenges related to hierarchy and selections of performance indicators have been resolved through the case study analysis. The goal of this study is to validate a new assessment methodology in relation to performance of the microfiltration (MF) technology, a key element of the treatment process. Specific performance data and measurements were obtained at specific Control and Data Acquisition Points (CP) to satisfy the input-output inventory in relation to water resources, products, materiai flows, energy requirements, chemicals use, etc. Performance assessment process contains analysis and necessary linking across important parametric functions leading to reliable outcomes and results.

Listowski, A, Ngo, H, Guo, W, Vigneswaran, S, Shin, H & Moon, H 2011, 'Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Urban Wastewater System: Future Assessment Framework and Methodology', Journal of Water Sustainability, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 113-125.
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Over the last two decades much scientific effort has been expended on the radiative gaseous emissions in the atmosphere. Although there are no regulatory requirements for managing gaseous emissions at present, the long term indications are, that impact relater to air pollution must embrace the broad diversity and challenges associated with urban wastewater cycle management. This study has been considered as a precursor to development of a comprehensive impact assessment of gaseous emission from urban wastewater infrastructure and treatment facilities. It has been carried out in consideration of the future climate change scientific projections, including socio-economic and environmental impacts. Major progress could be gained from systemic approaches in relation to factors influencing emission and the collected data demonstrates correlation between wastewater quality, treatment and energy used with the level of emission. An early attempt was made to attribute environmental impact and costs on per capita basis, as the weight of responsibility to take action is shifting to the community and individuals. The presented framework and methodology offers reliable evaluation of gaseous emissions is an integrated context comprising technology, environment, social and economic factors.

Litzinger, TA, Lattuca, LR, Hadgraft, RG, Newstetter, WC, Alley, M, Atman, C, DiBiasio, D, Finelli, C, Diefes-Dux, H, Kolmos, A, Riley, D, Sheppard, S, Weimer, M & Yasuhara, K 2011, 'Engineering education and the development of expertise', Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 123-150.
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BACKGROUND: Although engineering education has evolved in ways that improve the readiness of graduates to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century, national and international organizations continue to call for change. Future changes in engineering education should be guided by research on expertise and the learning processes that support its development. PURPOSE: The goals of this paper are: to relate key findings from studies of the development of expertise to engineering education, to summarize instructional practices that are consistent with these findings, to provide examples of learning experiences that are consistent with these instructional practices, and finally, to identify challenges to implementing such learning experiences in engineering programs. SCOPE/METHOD: The research synthesized for this article includes that on the development of expertise, students' approaches to learning, students' responses to instructional practices, and the role of motivation in learning. In addition, literature on the dominant teaching and learning practices in engineering education is used to frame some of the challenges to implementing alternative approaches to learning. CONCLUSION: Current understanding of expertise, and the learning processes that develop it, indicates that engineering education should encompass a set of learning experiences that allow students to construct deep conceptual knowledge, to develop the ability to apply key technical and professional skills fluently, and to engage in a number of authentic engineering projects. Engineering curricula and teaching methods are often not well aligned with these goals. Curriculum-level instructional design processes should be used to design and implement changes that will improve alignment. © 2011 ASEE.

Liu, D, Chen, Q, Yu, J, Gu, H, Tao, D & Seah, H 2011, 'Stroke Correspondence Construction Using Manifold Learning', Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 2194-2207.
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Stroke correspondence construction is a precondition for generating inbetween frames from a set of key frames. In our case, each stroke in a key frame is a vector represented as a Disk B-Spline Curve (DBSC) which is a flexible and compact vector format. However, it is not easy to construct correspondences between multiple DBSC strokes effectively because of the following points: (1) with the use of shape descriptors, the dimensionality of the feature space is high; (2) the number of strokes in different key frames is usually large and different from each other and (3) the length of corresponding strokes can be very different. The first point makes matching difficult. The other two points imply many to many and part to whole correspondences between strokes. To solve these problems, this paper presents a DBSC stroke correspondence construction approach, which introduces a manifold learning technique to the matching process. Moreover, in order to handle the mapping between unequal numbers of strokes with different lengths, a stroke reconstruction algorithm is developed to convert the many to many and part to whole stroke correspondences to one to one compound stroke correspondence.

Liu, H, Shon, H, Okour, Y, Song, W & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Red G by Bismuth Titanate in Three-phase Fluidized Bed Photoreactor', Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 116-121.
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The objectives of this study were to prepare a high-performance bismuth titanate photocatalyst and to develop a novel photocatalytic reactor with three-phase internal circulating fluidized bed photoreactor (TPICFBP). Bismuth titanate photocatalyst was hydrothermally prepared under optimum operating parameters such as hydrothermal temperature, reaction time and molar ratio of Bi to Ti. The photocatalytic activity of bismuth titanate using TPICFBP was evaluated for the photocatalytic degradation of Acid Red G (ARG). The photodegradation of ARG over Bi12TiO20 (12:1 molar ratio of Bi to Ti) under acidic condition showed the highest removal rate (92%) with wastewater flux and operating time of 10 L/h and 3 h, respectively.

Liu, H, Shon, H, Sun, X, Vigneswaran, S & Nan, H 2011, 'Preparation and characterization of visible light responsive Fe2O3TiO2 composites', Applied Surface Science, vol. 257, no. 13, pp. 5813-5819.
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In this studywepresent the effects of iron oxide (Fe2O3) on titanium dioxide (TiO2) in synthesising visiblelight reactive photocatalysts. A Fe2O3âTiO2 composite photocatalyst was synthesized from Fe2(SO4)3 and Ti(SO4)2 by a ethanol-assisted hydrothermal method. The preparation conditions were optimized through the investigation of the effects of hydrothermal temperature and time as well as molar ratio of Ti to Fe on the photocatalytic activity. The visual, physical and chemical properties of the Fe2O3âTiO2 composites were investigated. The results showed that -Fe2O3 and anatase TiO2 were present in the composites. The Fe2O3âTiO2 synthesized under optimum condition consisted of mesoporous structure with an average pore size of 4 nm and a surface area of 43m2/g. Under visible and solar light irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of optimized sample was significantly higher than that of pure TiO2. This sample led to a photodegradation efficiency of 90% and 40% of auramine under visible light and solar light, respectively.

Liu, H, Xia, T, Shon, H & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Preparation of titania-containing photocatalysts from metallurgical slag waste and photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol', Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 461-467.
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A low cost, high performance titania-containing metallurgical slag photocatalysts (TCMSPx, x = H2SO4, HNO3, HCl) were prepared using a hydrothermal method. The prepared TCMSPx were characterized in terms of visual, physical and chemical properties. The photocatalytic activity of the TCMSPx was evaluated via the photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-D) in aqueous solution. The results showed that the characteristics and photocatalytic activity of TCMSPx were strongly affected by acidic solutions used during the acidolysis. TCMSPH2SO4 exhibited better characteristics and higher photocatalytic activity than TCMSPHNO3 and TCMSPHCl. OH radicals from TCMSPH2SO4 were produced under UV, visible and solar light irradiation. The degree of photodegradation of 2,4-D by TCMSPH2SO4 was 80.1%, 50.0% and 61.5% under UV, visible and solar light irradiation respectively. In addition, the removal of chlorine functional group on the 2,4-D benzene ring and the production of intermediates during 2,4-D photodegradation were monitored using ion chromatography, UVâvis spectra and high performance liquid chromatography of 2,4-D before and after photodegradation.

Liu, K, Law, SS & Zhu, XQ 2011, 'A Bonding Damage Detection Method with Force-Based Beam Element', PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWELFTH EAST ASIA-PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION (EASEC12), vol. 14, pp. 1174-1182.
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Liu, M, Guo, X, Zhou, A, Wang, S, Li, Z & Dutkiewicz, E 2011, 'Low latency IP mobility management: protocol and analysis', EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING.
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Liu, N, Gao, W, Song, C & Zhang, N 2011, 'Probabilistic Dynamic Analysis Of Vehicle-Bridge Interaction System With Uncertain Parameters', CMES - Computer Modelling in engineering and Sciences, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 79-102.
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This paper presents the probabilistic dynamic analysis of vehicle-bridge interaction systems. The bridge's and vehicle's parameters are considered as random variables as well as the road surface roughness is modeled as random process. A two-degree-of-fre

Liu, Q, Hoi, S, Su, C, Li, Z, Kwoh, C, Wong, L & Li, J 2011, 'Structural Analysis Of The Hot Spots In The Binding Between H1N1 HA And The 2d1 Antibody: Do Mutations Of H1N1 From 1918 To 2009 Affect Much On This Binding?', Bioinformatics, vol. 27, no. 18, pp. 2529-2536.
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Motivation: Worldwide and substantial mortality caused by the 2009 H1N1 influenza A has stimulated a new surge of research on H1N1 viruses. An epitope conservation has been learned in the HA1 protein that allows antibodies to cross-neutralize both 1918 a

Liu, S-G, Ni, B-J, Li, W-W, Sheng, G-P, Tang, Y & Yu, H-Q 2011, 'Modeling of the Contact-Adsorption-Regeneration (CAR) activated sludge process', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 2199-2205.
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Liu, W & Li, S 2011, 'On standard models of fuzzy Region Connection Calculus', International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 1337-1354.
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The Region Connection Calculus (RCC) is perhaps the most influential topological relation calculus. Based on the first-order logic, the RCC, however, does not fully meet the needs of applications where the vagueness of entities or relations is important and not ignorable. This paper introduces standard models for the fuzzy region connection calculus (RCC) proposed by Schockaert et al. (2008) [18]. Each of such a standard fuzzy RCC model is induced by a standard RCC model in a natural way. We prove that each standard fuzzy RCC model is canonical in the sense that any satisfiable set of fuzzy RCC8 constraints have a solution in it. Apolynomial realization algorithm is also provided. As a side product,we showsimilar sets of fuzzy constraints have similar solutions if both are satisfiable. This allows us to approximate fuzzy RCC constraints that have arbitrary bounds by those have bounds with finite precision. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc.

Liu, W & Li, S 2011, 'Reasoning about Cardinal Directions between Extended Objects: The NP-Hardness Result', Artificial Intelligence Journal, vol. 175, no. 18, pp. 2155-2169.
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Weiming Liu, Sanjiang Li.Reasoning about Cardinal Directions between Extended Objects: The NP-Hardness Result. Artificial Intelligence, 2011, 175(18): 2155-2169.

Liu, W, Wang, J, Wang, J, Ding, W & Almagbile, A 2011, 'Measurable Realistic Image-based 3D Mapping', Archives of Photogrammetry, Cartography and Remote Sensing, vol. 22, pp. 297-310.
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This paper proposes and demonstrates a 3D map concept that is realistic and image-based, that enables geometric measurements and geo-location services. Additionally, image-based 3D maps provide more detailed information of the real world than 3D model-based maps. The image-based 3D maps use geo-referenced stereo images or panoramic images. The geometric relationships between objects in the images can be resolved from the geometric model of stereo images. The panoramic function makes 3D maps more interactive with users but also creates an interesting immersive circumstance. Actually, unmeasurable image-based 3D maps already exist, such as Google street view, but only provide virtual experiences in terms of photos. The topographic and terrain attributes, such as shapes and heights though are omitted. This paper also discusses the potential for using a low cost land Mobile Mapping System (MMS) to implement realistic image 3D mapping, and evaluates the positioning accuracy that a measureable realistic image-based (MRI) system can produce. The major contribution here is the implementation of measurable images on 3D maps to obtain various measurements from real scenes.

Liu, Y, Liu, B & Ling, SS 2011, 'The almost periodic solution of lotka-volterra recurrent neural networks with delays', Neurocomputing, vol. 74, no. 6, pp. 1062-1068.
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By the fixed-point theorem subject to different polyhedrons and some inequalities (e.g.,the inequality resulted from quadratic programming), we obtain three theorems for the LotkaâVolterra recurrent neural network shaving almost periodic coefficients and delays. One of the three theorems can only ensure the existence of an almost periodic solution, whose existence and uniqueness the other two theorems are about. By using Lyapunov function, the sufficient condition guaranteeing the global stability of the solution is presented. Furthermore, two numerical examples are employed to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the obtained criteria. Compared with known results, the networks model is novel, and the results are extended and improved.

Liu, Y, Nie, Z, Zhao, Z & Liu, QH 2011, 'Generalization of iterative Fourier interpolation algorithms for single frequency estimation', Digital Signal Processing: A Review Journal, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 141-149.
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The problem of estimating the frequency of a complex single tone is considered. We generalize two iterative Fourier interpolation algorithms in the literature by introducing an additional parameter to allow for selection of the Fourier interpolation coefficients relative to the true frequency. The generalized algorithms can use more information from FFT results and consequently achieve significant improvement over the original algorithms in either accuracy or efficiency. Simulation results show advantages of the proposed algorithms. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Liu, Y, Xu, D, Tsang, I & Luo, J 2011, 'Textual Query of Personal Photos Facilitated by Large-scale Web Data', IEEE Transactions On Pattern Analysis And Machine Intelligence, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 1022-1036.
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The rapid popularization of digital cameras and mobile phone cameras has led to an explosive growth of personal photo collections by consumers. In this paper, we present a real-time textual query-based personal photo retrieval system by leveraging millions of Web images and their associated rich textual descriptions (captions, categories, etc.). After a user provides a textual query (e.g., "water), our system exploits the inverted file to automatically find the positive Web images that are related to the textual query "water as well as the negative Web images that are irrelevant to the textual query. Based on these automatically retrieved relevant and irrelevant Web images, we employ three simple but effective classification methods, k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN), decision stumps, and linear SVM, to rank personal photos. To further improve the photo retrieval performance, we propose two relevance feedback methods via cross-domain learning, which effectively utilize both the Web images and personal images. In particular, our proposed cross-domain learning methods can learn robust classifiers with only a very limited amount of labeled personal photos from the user by leveraging the prelearned linear SVM classifiers in real time. We further propose an incremental cross-domain learning method in order to significantly accelerate the relevance feedback process on large consumer photo databases. Extensive experiments on two consumer photo data sets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our system, which is also inherently not limited by any predefined lexicon.

Liu, Y, Zhang, Y, Quan, X, Chen, S & Zhao, H 2011, 'Applying an electric field in a built-in zero valent iron - Anaerobic reactor for enhancement of sludge granulation', WATER RESEARCH, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 1258-1266.
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Liu, Y, Zhang, Y, Quan, X, Zhang, J, Zhao, H & Chen, S 2011, 'Effects of an electric field and zero valent iron on anaerobic treatment of azo dye wastewater and microbial community structures', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 2578-2584.
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Liu, YH & Nie, ZP 2011, 'Study on synthesizing nonuniform arrays with shaped power patterns', Tien Tzu Hsueh Pao/Acta Electronica Sinica, vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 2086-2090.
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A new method is studied in this paper for the synthesis of nonuniform linear antenna arrays with shaped power patterns. The method at first finds a satisfactory power pattern for the required radiation characteristics by solving a constrained linear least-squares problem. Then, factorize the polynomial associated with the power pattern by using polynomial root-finding, and consequently obtain the corresponding field patterns. Finally, the forward-backward matrix pencil method is used to obtain a nonuniform linear array with optimal excitation amplitudes, phases and locations for any choice of field patterns. The weighted least-squares solution of element excitations is compared in performance with the non-weighted solution, and the coupling effect between antenna elements on the array synthesis performance is also studied. Numerical results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.

Liu, YH, Liu, QH, Nie, ZP & Zhao, ZQ 2011, 'Discontinuous fast fourier transform with triangle mesh for two-dimensional discontinuous functions', Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 1045-1057.
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In computational electromagnetics and other areas of computational science, Fourier transforms of discontinuous functions are frequently encountered. This paper extends the discontinuous fast Fourier transform (DFFT) algorithm which was presented previously by Fan and Liu to deal with the two dimensional (2-D) function with a discontinuous boundary of arbitrary shape. First, the proposed algorithm discretizes the support domain of the function by triangle mesh, which reduces the stair-casing error of an orthogonal grid required by FFT. Second, the algorithm adopts the basic idea of double interpolation used by the original 1-D DFFT algorithm in the literature, but with a significant modification that the nonuniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) with the least square error (LSE) interpolation other than a Lagrange interpolation is used to process nonuniformly spaced samples of the exponentials. The proposed 2-D DFFT algorithms obtain much higher accuracy than the conventional 2-D FFT for the discontinuous functions while maintaining similar computational complexity as that of the 2-D FFT. © 2011 VSP.

Lo, D, Li, J, Wong, L & Khoo, S 2011, 'Mining Iterative Generators And Representative Rules For Software Specification Discovery', Ieee Transactions On Knowledge And Data Engineering, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 282-296.
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Billions of dollars are spent annually on software-related cost. It is estimated that up to 45 percent of software cost is due to the difficulty in understanding existing systems when performing maintenance tasks (i.e., adding features, removing bugs, et

Long, D, Yu, JX & Vossen, G 2011, 'Special Issue on WISE 2009-Web Information Systems Engineering', INFORMATION SYSTEMS, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 537-537.
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Lu, H, Gao, X, Jiang, Z, Wei, D & Liu, X 2011, 'Development of high strength hull plate by normal hot rolling and high rate cooling process', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 148-149, pp. 253-258.
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This paper investigates the effects of normal hot rolling and high rate cooling (NHR+HRC) on microstructure and mechanical properties of the rolled EH 36 hull plate. Double-hit tests were carried out to study the effect of process parameters such as the deformation temperature and soaking time on microstructures of the tested steel, and explore optimal processing parameters. Single-hit compression with various parameters was developed and the microstructures of the tested steel are analyzed to determine the cooling rate and the final cooling temperature of the normal hot rolling and high rate cooling. This study will provide experimental and theoretical base on high-temperature rolling control system. Industrial trial was performed to produce regular products. The results show that the NHR+HRC is an effective and promising method to improve the product quality of high-strength hull plate.

Lu, J & Zhang, G 2011, 'Guest editorial: Optimization Techniques for Business Intelligence', Journal Of Global Optimization, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 185-187.
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Lu, J, Ma, J, Zhang, G, Zhu, Y, Zeng, X & koehl, L 2011, 'Theme-Based Comprehensive Evaluation In New Product Development Using Fuzzy Hierarchical Criteria Group Decision-Making Method', Ieee Transactions On Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 2236-2246.
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AbstractOne of the features of the digital ecosystem is the integration of human cognition and socio-economic themes into the process of new product development (NPD). In a socio-economic theme-based NPD, ranking a set of product prototypes that have been designed always requires the participation of multiple evaluators and consideration of multiple evaluation criteria. Using the well-being theme-based garment NPD as a background, this paper first presents a fuzzy hierarchical criteria group decision-making (FHCGDM) method which can effectively calculate final ranking results through fusing all assessment data from human beings and machines. It then presents a garment NPD comprehensive evaluation model with hierarchical criteria under the well-being theme through identifying a set of marketing tactics from a consumer acceptance survey. It further provides an establishment process for an NPD evaluation model under the digital ecosystem framework. Finally, a garment NPD case study further demonstrates the proposed well-being NPD comprehensive evaluation model and the FHCGDM method. The advantages of the proposed evaluation method include successfully handling criteria in a hierarchical structure, automatically processing both objective measurements from machines and subjective assessments from human evaluators, and using the most suitable type of fuzzy numbers to describe linguistic terms.

Lu, Q, Yu, M, Fang, Y, Zhu, J & Ye, Y 2011, 'Thrust Force of Novel PM Transverse Flux Linear Oscillating Actuators With Moving Magnet', IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 4211-4214.
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This paper investigates the thrust forces of two novel permanent magnet transverse flux linear oscillating actuators (TFLOAs), one with moving magnet and the other moving both magnet and iron core, for pump and compressor drives. Different from the conventional linear actuators, the lamination construction of the TFLOAs is similar to that of a normal rotating motor, which is easy to stack. Based on a simple magnetic circuit model taking into account the interpole leakage flux, the thrust forces are deduced analytically. The predicted results are verified by the finite element analyses and validated by experiments. It is shown that the thrust force performances of both TFLOAs are similar, whereas the former has a lower thrust force density and higher resonant frequency.

Luo, L, Wang, XC, Guo, W & Ngo, H 2011, 'Novel conceptual models for thermodynamic analysis of urban water systems', Journal of Water Sustainability, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 13-23.
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Urban water system (UWS) can be thermodynamically analysed by calculating the entropy budget based on the increase of entropy due to internal and/or external contributions. From different internal and external parts, two novel conceptual models of thermodynamic analysis for an UWS were proposed. For conceptual model 1, natural UWS as a pseudo-reversible process is internal contribution, while the external part of the UWS is artificial water cycle. When the entropy change of the natural UWS is equal to zero, the entropy change of the UWS is considered as the entropy change by the artificial water cycle. The calculations of entropy change for artificial water cycle are based on water balance and purification reactions of selected kinds of typical pollutants in the UWS. For conceptual model 2, the internal entropy change of the UWS is water body, and it is assumed to be zero due to dynamically equilibrium of the water body. The calculation of external entropy change caused by the natural water cycle was proposed to be dependent on meteorological and hydrological data whilst the external entropy change caused by the artificial water cycle could be obtained from mass balance and treatment process analysis.

Luo, Q & Tong, L 2011, '3D Model of Coupled Multi-physics Fields for PLZT Ceramics and Its Applications to Photostrictive Plates', JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 17-30.
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Luo, Q & Tong, L 2011, 'Ultraviolet-light-induced multi-physics behaviors of 0-3 polarized transparent PLZT plates: I. Experimental testing', SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, vol. 20, no. 11.
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Luo, Q & Tong, L 2011, 'Ultraviolet-light-induced multi-physics behaviors of 0-3 polarized transparent PLZT plates: II. Finite element analysis and validation', SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES, vol. 20, no. 11.
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Luo, Q, Luo, Z & Tong, L 2011, 'A Variational Principle And Finite Element Formulation For Multi-Physics Plzt Ceramics', Mechanics Research Communications, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 198-202.
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This research presents an extended variational principle and a finite element formulation for multiphysics analysis of PLZT (lanthanum zirconate titanate) ceramics by including the photovoltaic and optothermic effects. The photo-induced electrical and th

Luo, Z, Luo, Q, Tong, L, Gao, W & Song, C 2011, 'Shape morphing of laminated composite structures with photostrictive actuators via topology optimization', Composite Structures, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 406-418.
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In this paper a new design method is presented for achieving remote wireless shape morphing of laminated composite structures using topology optimization methods A recently emerging family of smart materials photostrictive materials is Introduced as the actuation discipline to implement the active control of optical structures by utilizing the photostriction mechanism which arises from the superposition of photovoltaic effect and converse piezoelectric effect when exposed to the illumination of near ultraviolet light In terms of the Mindlin plate theory of first-order shear deformation a finite element formulation including multiphysics effects of photovoltaic pyroelectric and thermal expansion is developed to model composite structures of ferroelectric materials polarized in 0-1 and 0-3 directions respectively The design is formulated as a multi-constrained optimization problem with a least square objective function to minimize structural shape errors The topology optimization method is used as a systematic design approach to seek the optimal topologies of material layouts for both the photostrictive and host layers as well as the actuator light distribution In terms of design sensitivity analysis many gradient-based optimization algorithms can be applied to solve the problem effectively Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in the field of active photonic control of laminated composite structures

Ma, M, Huang, X, Jiao, B & Guo, Y 2011, 'Optimal orthogonal precoding for spectral leakage suppression in DFT-based systems', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 844-853.
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A solution to the power leakage minimization problem in discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based communication systems is presented. In a conventional DFT based system, modulated subcarriers exhibit high sidelobe levels, which leads to significant out-of-band power leakage. Existing techniques found in the literature either do not achieve sufficient sidelobe suppression or suffer from significant spectral efficiency loss. Precoding can be seen as a general linear processing method for power leakage reduction, however, how to design the optimal linear precoder is still an open problem. In this paper, the power leakage suppression is first treated as a matrix Frobenius norm minimization problem, and then the optimal orthogonal precoding matrix design for the power leakage suppression is proposed based on singular value decomposition (SVD). By further exploiting the extra degrees of freedom in the precoding matrix, two kinds of optimized precoding matrices, one with multi-carrier property and the other with single-carrier property, are developed to take the advantages of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), respectively. Simulation results show that both the multi-carrier and the single-carrier precoding schemes achieve significant power leakage suppression, and have similar peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and bit-error-rate (BER) to those of OFDM and SC-FDMA systems, respectively

Macinnis-Ng, CM, Zeppel, MJ, Williams, M & Eamus, D 2011, 'Applying a SPA model to examine the impact of climate change on GPP of open woodlands and the potential for woody thickening', Ecohydrology, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 379-393.
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Woody thickening is a global phenomenon that influences landscape C density, regional ecohydrology and biogeochemical cycling. The aim of the work described here is to test the hypothesis that increased atmospheric CO2 concentration, with or without photosynthetic acclimation, can increase gross primary production (GPP) and that this can explain woody thickening. We examine mechanisms underlying the response of GPP and highlight the importance of changes in soil water content by applying a detailed soil-plant-atmosphere model. Through this model, we show that CO2 enrichment with decreased or increased D and photosynthetic acclimation results in decreased canopy water use because of reduced gs. The decline in water use coupled with increased photosynthesis resulted in increased GPP, water-use efficiency and soil moisture content. This study shows that this is a valid mechanism for GPP increase because of CO2 enrichment coupled with either a decrease or an increase in D, in water-limited environments. We also show that a large increase in leaf area index could be sustained in the future as a result of the increased soil moisture content arising from CO2 enrichment and this increase was larger if D decreases rather than increases in the future. Large-scale predictions arising from this simple conceptual model are discussed and found to be supported in the literature. We conclude that woody thickening in Australia and probably globally can be explained by the changes in landscape GPP and soil moisture balance arising principally from the increased atmospheric CO2 concentration.

Macnamara, J & Kenning, G 2011, 'E-electioneering 2010: Trends in social media use in Australian political communication', Media International Australia, vol. 139, no. May, pp. 7-22.
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In the wake of the ‘turning point’ 2004 US presidential election, the Obama campaign of 2008, the 2010 UK election and e-democracy movements globally, Australians went to the polls in 2010 in a media-hyped flurry of tweeting, YouTube videos, Facebook befriending and ‘liking’, blogging and other social media activities. Following a study showing that the 2007 Australian election was not a ‘YouTube election’, as claimed by many media and commentators, and that social media use in the campaign was mostly non-interactive promotional messaging, a study was undertaken during the 2010 federal election campaign to gain comparative data and updated insights. This article reports quantitative and qualitative content analysis of social media use by 206 federal political candidates and the two major political parties during the 2010 Australian election to identify trends in the volume of e-electioneering content and activity, as well as the main ways in which social media are being used in political communication.

Mahlia, TMI & Chan, PL 2011, 'Life cycle cost analysis of fuel cell based cogeneration system for residential application in Malaysia', RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 416-426.
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Mahlia, TMI, Razak, HA & Nursahida, MA 2011, 'Life cycle cost analysis and payback period of lighting retrofit at the University of Malaya', RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 1125-1132.
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Mahlia, TMI, Saidur, R, Yanti, PAA & Masjuki, HH 2011, 'Role of energy guide labels in consumers purchase decision for household electrical appliances', ENERGY EDUCATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PART A-ENERGY SCIENCE AND RESEARCH, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 95-104.

Mahlia, TMI, Taufiq, BN, Ong, KP & Saidur, R 2011, 'Exergy analysis for day lighting, electric lighting and space cooling systems for a room space in a tropical climate', ENERGY AND BUILDINGS, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 1676-1684.
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Mahmoud, A, Elbialy, S, Pradhan, B & Buchroithner, M 2011, 'Field-based landcover classification using TerraSAR-X texture analysis', Advances in space research, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 799-805.

Mahony, R, Euston, M, Kim, J, Coote, P & Hamel, T 2011, 'A non-linear observer for attitude estimation of a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle without GPS measurements', Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, vol. 33, pp. 699-717.

Mainali, B, Ngo, H, Guo, W, Pham, N & Johnston, AJ 2011, 'Feasibility assessment of recycled water use for washing machines in Australia through SWOT analysis', Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 87-91.
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Sustainable urban water consumption has become a critical issue in Australia due to increasing urbanization, the countryâs dry climate and its increasingly variable rainfall. Water recycling is considered vital to alleviate the demand on limited water supplies. The demands on water utilities to develop water recycling capacity and supplies are therefore expected to intensify in Australia. Dual reticulation systems have already been introduced in many cities in Australia and this is likely to expand to many other cities in the future. Developed and proposed dual reticulation schemes in Australia demand the substantial replacement of tap water with recycled water to ensure system optimisation and the sustainability of water supplies. This study successfully applies Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis as a research tool to assess the feasibility of use of recycled water in washing machine applications. Through the identification of the reuse schemes' strengths (elements to leverage and build on) and weaknesses (areas to seek assistance and support) in addition to community opportunities (areas to leverage for program advantages) and threats (elements that could hinder the scheme), the positive aspects for the use of recycled water in washing machines is observed. Further study to address the specific concerns of the general public and the development of guidelines for this new end use is however essential to guide the implementation of recycled water schemes.

Mainali, B, Ngo, H, Guo, W, Pham, N, Wang, XC & Johnston, AJ 2011, 'SWOT analysis to assist identification of the critical factors for the successful implementation of water reuse schemes', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 32, pp. 297-306.
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The reuse of urban wastewater has been recognised as an important alternative source of water and is a key aspect of sustainable water policy. As it is a promising innovation, a number of direct and indirect water reuse projects have been instigated and proposed, both nationally and internationally. However there is some uncertainty regarding the effectiveness and impact of these water reuse schemes (WRS). This study investigates the applicability of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) as an analysis tool for formulating the critical factors in terms of the implementation of water reuse schemes. Basically, this work adopts an existing multiple case study design method and makes use of SWOT to analyse all critical factors for each selected water reuse scheme. The strengths and weaknesses of successful and unsuccessful WRS are analysed followed by an assessment of the corresponding external opportunities and threats.. On this basis, the critical factors considered for the successful implementation of the WRS are identified. A qualitative investigation using SWOT analysis has therefore been successfully implemented.

Manzouri, M & Shon, H 2011, 'Rectification methods for the fouling of ultrafiltration hollow-fibre membranes as a result of excessive soluble iron', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 32, pp. 437-444.
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The aim of this study is to analyse process design parameters relating to a membrane bioreactor (MBR) membrane and chemical dosing systems as well as the characteristics of membrane foulant so as to identify a remedy for implementation. A qualitative research undertaken included electron microscopy analysis of the fouled membranes through a membrane autopsy which showed major inorganic deposits to the membrane surface, mainly comprising of iron. As it currently remains, the membrane system utilises citric acid for chemical in-place cleaning of the membranes. Analysis of results identifies the impact of membrane foulant to the operational performance of the treatment works and the impairment to effluent quality discharged to local waterways. Furthermore, an assessment into economic impacts is expected to show significant opportunities for improvements to operating costs as a direct result of cleaner membranes returning transmembrane pressures to normal levels during the permeate production cycle. The study also proposes optimisation strategies of the current cleaning process that is adequate for the level of ferric chloride dosed for phosphorous removal and odour control. Consideration is given to two types of strategies for rectification.

Mao, G 2011, 'The Maximum Throughput of A Wireless Multi-Hop Path', Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 46-57.
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In this paper, the maximum end-to-end throughput that can be achieved on a wireless multi-hop path is investigated analytically. The problem is modeled using the conflict graph, where each link in the multi-hop path is represented uniquely by a vertex in the conflict graph and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the associated links mutually interfere. Using the conflict graph and the linear programming formulations of the problem, we analyzed the maximum end-to-end throughput of a wireless multi-hop path a) in a simple scenario where nodes are optimally placed and each node can only interfere with the transmission of its adjacent nodes along the path, and b) in a more complicated scenario where nodes are randomly placed and each node can interfere with the transmission of any number of nearby nodes along the path in both a) an error free radio environment and b) an erroneous radio environment. The maximum end-to-end throughputs for each of the above four scenarios are obtained analytically. We show that the maximum achievable end-to-end throughput is determined by the throughput of its bottleneck clique, where a clique is a maximal set of mutually adjacent vertices in the associated conflict graph. Further our analysis suggests the optimum scheduling algorithm that can be used to achieve the maximum end-to-end throughput and that it is convenient to use the (maximal) independent sets as the basic blocks for the design of scheduling algorithms. The findings in this paper lay guidelines for the design of optimum scheduling algorithms. They can be used to design computationally efficient algorithms to determine the maximum throughput of a wireless multi-hop path and to design a scheduling algorithm to achieve that throughput.

Mao, G, Ng, SC, Zhang, W, Yang, Y & Zhang, Y 2011, 'Analysis of Access and Connectivity Probabilities in Vehicular Relay Networks', IEEE Journal On Selected Areas In Communications, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 140-150.
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IEEE 802.11p and 1609 standards are currently under development to support Vehicle-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communications in vehicular networks. For infrastructure-based vehicular relay networks, access probability is an important measure which indicates how well an arbitrary vehicle can access the infrastructure, i.e. a base station (BS). On the other hand, connectivity probability, i.e. the probability that all the vehicles are connected to the infrastructure, indicates the service coverage performance of a vehicular relay network. In this paper, we develop an analytical model with a generic radio channel model to fully characterize the access probability and connectivity probability performance in a vehicular relay network considering both one-hop (direct access) and two-hop (via a relay) communications between a vehicle and the infrastructure. Specifically, we derive close-form equations for calculating these two probabilities. Our analytical results, validated by simulations, reveal the tradeoffs between key system parameters, such as inter-BS distance, vehicle density, transmission ranges of a BS and a vehicle, and their collective impact on access probability and connectivity probability under different communication channel models. These results and new knowledge about vehicular relay networks will enable network designers and operators to effectively improve network planning, deployment and resource management.

Marques, CAF, Oliveira, RA, Pohl, AAP, Canning, J & Nogueira, RN 2011, 'Dynamic control of a phase-shifted FBG through acousto-optic modulation', OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 284, no. 5, pp. 1228-1231.
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Martincic, A & Dovey, KA 2011, 'Action Research as a Knowledge Generating Change Methodology', International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 108-122.
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The paper outlines an action research project conducted within an Australian public sector organisation with the purpose of changing a key internal business process. Despite the significant challenges incurred by using a change methodology considered to be âradicalâ within this conventional, hierarchically structured, organisation, the business process was transformed successfully and productivity has increased significantly within the organisation. Furthermore, the action research approach generated pertinent new knowledge; greatly enriched various forms of intangible capital within the organisation; and created a precedent with respect to greater collaboration and democracy within the organisation. In encouraging this approach to managing change within hierarchically structured organisations, the paper advocates caution in its introduction and warns of the challenges that it poses for power management in such organisations.

Mat, RC, Shariff, ARM, Pradhan, B & Mahmud, AR 2011, 'Online 3D terrain visualization of GIS data: A comparison between three different web servers', VOL. 19 (S) OCT. 2011, p. 31.

Mathew, N, Jiang, Z & Wei, D 2011, 'Analysis Of Multi-layer Sandwich Structures By Finite Element Method', Advanced Science Letters, vol. 4, no. 41920, pp. 3243-3248.
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An attempt has been made in optimizing the finite element model based on the non-linear explicit finite element LS-DYNA code to analyse the structural response of a multi-layer thin-walled sandwich structure with square core cells. Virtual testing of impact response is an efficient way to investigate the structural behaviour of sandwich structures. The developed simulation models assist in creating an efficient parametric study. This paper focuses on the structural deformation and the variation of the folding mechanism observed in the different cell structures. The energy absorption of the structures is also discussed in relation to the parametric study with the variation of the number of cells and layers. This study can hence provide a model of the structural deformation response and the energy absorption capability of a multi-layer sandwich structure. The developed models consider a complete mechanical characterisation of cellular Gore structures, and as well as the detailed cell wall deformation patterns, failure modes and the effect of multiple layers on the energy absorption capability to obtain a better understanding of the deformation behaviours of the structure, which is difficult using solely experimental observations.

Mazandarani, A, Mahlia, TMI, Chong, WT & Moghavvemi, M 2011, 'Fuel consumption and emission prediction by Iranian power plants until 2025', RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1575-1592.
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McIntosh, BS, Ascough, JC, Twery, M, Chew, J, Elmahdi, A, Haase, D, Harou, JJ, Hepting, D, Cuddy, S, Jakeman, AJ, Chen, S, Kassahun, A, Lautenbach, S, Matthews, K, Merritt, W, Quinn, NWT, Rodriguez-Roda, I, Sieber, S, Stavenga, M, Sulis, A, Ticehurst, J, Volk, M, Wrobel, M, van Delden, H, El-Sawah, S, Rizzoli, A & Voinov, A 2011, 'Environmental decision support systems (EDSS) development - Challenges and best practices', ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 1389-1402.
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Mehrabad, MS, Anvari, M & Saberi, M 2011, 'Targeting performance measures based on performance prediction', International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 46-68.
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Purpose: This study aims to investigate the development of predictive tools in performance measurement and management (PMM), and modeling of a forward-looking method to help managers to quantitatively target performance measures based on achieving desired improvement, minimum cost and strategic priorities. Design/methodology/approach: A case-based methodology is used to test the conceptual approach in a production system. Mathematical models are used to model modules of the proposed approach. The proposed approach is applied to an actual conventional power plant unit to show its applicability and superiority over conventional methods. Findings: The developed system enables managers to develop systematic ways to manage future performance; for example, planning, performance forecasting and target setting. The predictive ability of the developed system is comparable with the judgment of the manager in the case company. Originality/value: This paper proposes the use of mathematical models in the development of performance measures targeted on performance prediction and desired improvement. The paper also offers practical help to organizations to embed a forward-looking capability into their operations. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Meng, F, Zhou, Z, Ni, B-J, Zheng, X, Huang, G, Jia, X, Li, S, Xiong, Y & Kraume, M 2011, 'Characterization of the size-fractionated biomacromolecules: Tracking their role and fate in a membrane bioreactor', WATER RESEARCH, vol. 45, no. 15, pp. 4661-4671.
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Meng, Q & Qu, X 2011, 'A probabilistic quantitative risk assessment model for fire in road tunnels with parameter uncertainty', International Journal of Reliability and Safety, vol. 5, no. 3-4, pp. 285-298.
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Fire in road tunnels can lead to catastrophic consequences in combination with tunnel safety provision failures, thus necessitating a need for a reliable and robust approach to assess tunnel risks caused by fire. In a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) model for road tunnels, uncertainty is an unavoidable component because input parameters of the model possess different levels of uncertainties which are inappropriate to be formulated by crisp numbers. In this paper, a Monte Carlo sampling-based QRA model is proposed to address parameter uncertainty of a QRA model. The tunnel risks are assessed in terms of percentile-based societal risk as well as expected number of fatalities (ENF) curve, which would facilitate tunnel managers to make decisions. A case study is carried out to demonstrate the approach. © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Meng, Q, Qu, X, Wang, X, Yuanita, V & Wong, SC 2011, 'Quantitative Risk Assessment Modeling for Nonhomogeneous Urban Road Tunnels', RISK ANALYSIS, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 382-403.
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Meng, Q, Qu, X, Yong, KT & Wong, YH 2011, 'QRA Model-Based Risk Impact Analysis of Traffic Flow in Urban Road Tunnels', RISK ANALYSIS, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 1872-1882.
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Meng, X, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Zhang, Q, Zhu, JG, Guo, Y & Liu, D 2011, 'Robust Multilevel Optimization of PMSM Using Design for Six Sigma', IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 3248-3251.
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In this paper, a robust optimization method based on design for six sigma (DFSS) is combined to the optimization of a surface mounted permanent synchronous machine (PMSM) by using multilevel genetic algorithm (MLGA). First, MLGA and DFSS are introduced in the robust optimization. Second, by taking into account the tolerances of the motor products, important input parameters could be varied with six sigma distribution and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method is used to reduce the calculation cost. Third, to verify the new algorithm, the presented algorithm is applied to the optimization of a PMSM. The results compared with those of traditional GA and MLGA and the discussion of the robust optimization combined with MLGA are presented.

Merigo, JM 2011, 'A unified model between the weighted average and the induced OWA operator', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 11560-11572.
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Merigo, JM 2011, 'Fuzzy Multi-Person Decision Making with Fuzzy Probabilistic Aggregation Operators', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 163-174.

Merigo, JM 2011, 'The uncertain probabilistic weighted average and its application in the theory of expertons', AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, vol. 5, no. 15, pp. 6092-6102.

Merigo, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'A New Minkowski Distance Based on Induced Aggregation Operators', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 123-133.

Merigo, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'Decision-making with distance measures and induced aggregation operators', COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 66-76.
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Merigo, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'Generalized Aggregation Operators in Decision Making with Dempster-Shafer Belief Structure', INFORMATION-AN INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 2711-2732.

Merigo, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'Induced aggregation operators in the Euclidean distance and its application in financial decision making', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 7603-7608.
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Merigo, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'Induced and uncertain heavy OWA operators', COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 106-116.
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Merigo, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'THE UNCERTAIN GENERALIZED OWA OPERATOR AND ITS APPLICATION TO FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & DECISION MAKING, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 211-230.
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Merigo, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'The Uncertain Induced Quasi-Arithmetic OWA Operator Introduction', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 1-24.
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Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'Decision making with Dempster-Shafer theory using fuzzy induced aggregation operators', Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, vol. 265, pp. 209-228.
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We develop a new approach for decision making with Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence where the available information is uncertain and it can be assessed with fuzzy numbers. With this approach, we are able to represent the problem without losing relevant information, so the decision maker knows exactly which are the different alternatives and their consequences. For doing so, we suggest the use of different types of fuzzy induced aggregation operators in the problem. Then, we can aggregate the information considering all the different scenarios that could happen in the analysis. As a result, we get new types of fuzzy induced aggregation operators such as the belief structure - fuzzy induced ordered weighted averaging (BS-FIOWA) and the belief structure - fuzzy induced hybrid averaging (BS-FIHA) operator. We study some of their main properties. We further generalize this approach by using fuzzy induced generalized aggregation operators. We also develop an application of the new approach in a financial decision making problem about selection of financial strategies. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Merigo, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2011, 'Decision-making in sport management based on the OWA operator', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 10408-10413.
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Merigo, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2011, 'Fuzzy induced generalized aggregation operators and its application in multi-person decision making', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 9761-9772.
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Merigo, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2011, 'OWA OPERATORS IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT', ECONOMIC COMPUTATION AND ECONOMIC CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND RESEARCH, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 153-168.

Merigó, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2011, 'Owa operators in human resource management', Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, vol. 2, pp. 118-134.
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We develop a new approach that uses the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator in different methods for the selection of human resources. The objective of this new model is to manipulate the neutrality of the old methods, so the decision maker can select human resources according to his degree of optimism or pessimism. In order to develop this model, first, a short revision of the OWA operators is introduced. Next, we briefly explain the general model for the selection of human resources and suggest three new indexes for the selection of human resources that use the OWA operator and the hybrid average in the Hamming distance, in the adequacy coefficient and in the index of maximum and minimum level. The main advantage of this method is that it is more complete than the previous ones so the decision maker gets a better understanding of the decision problem. The work ends with an illustrative example that shows the results obtained by using different types of aggregation operators in the new approaches.

Merigo, JM & Wei, G 2011, 'PROBABILISTIC AGGREGATION OPERATORS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN UNCERTAIN MULTI-PERSON DECISION-MAKING', TECHNOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMY, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 335-351.
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Merigo, JM, Gil-Lafuente, AM & Gil-Aluja, J 2011, 'A new aggregation method for strategic decision making and its application in assignment theory', AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 4033-4043.

Merigo, JM, Gil-Lafuente, AM & Gil-Aluja, J 2011, 'DECISION MAKING WITH THE INDUCED GENERALIZED ADEQUACY COEFFICIENT', APPLIED AND COMPUTATIONAL MATHEMATICS, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 321-339.

Merigo, JM, Gil-Lafuente, AM & Gil-Aluja, J 2011, 'Soft Computing Techniques for Decision Making with Induced Aggregation Operators', INFORMATION-AN INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 2019-2039.

Merigo, JM, Gil-Lafuente, AM, Zhou, L & Chen, H 2011, 'Generalization of the linguistic aggregation operator and its application in decision making', JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ELECTRONICS, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 593-603.
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Mihăiţă, AS & Mocanu, S 2011, 'Simulation en temps continu pour la commande orientée événements des systèmes stochastiques à commutation', European Journal of Automation (JESA), vol. 45, pp. 157-172.

Mihaita, S & Mocanu, S 2011, 'Simulation in continuous time for the oriented control of events of stochastic switching systems: Modeling, control, and simulation of the stochastic switching systems', Journal Europeen des Systemes Automatises, vol. 45, no. 1-3, pp. 157-172.
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This paper presents a continuous time simulation method for stochastic switching systems while applying event-based control. The main system we have used is a multi-state integrator having a switching behavior, being described by a continuous-time Markov Chain. The objective of the event-based control method is to maintain the continuous system state variable between extreme limits. Control stopping limits have also been taken into consideration. Finally we present the results we have obtained in order to minimize a quadratic energy cost while applying event-based control. © 2011 Lavoisier, Paris.

Miliszewska, I & Sztendur, EM 2011, 'Critical success attributes of transnational IT education programmes: The client perspective', Journal of Information Technology Education:Research, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 123-137.
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How can transnational education (TNE) programs be made more effective? According to the literature, no one is in a better position to comment on this question than the students themselves. At the same time, there is a recognized scarcity in the literature of student input into the issue of transnational program effectiveness. In consideration of this need, a research study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of TNE programs from the student perspective. To this end, transnational students' views on the various dimensions of the TNE context were used as a key indicator of the effectiveness of transnational programs. The evaluated dimensions included student, instructor, curriculum and instruction design, interaction, evaluation and assessment, technology, and program management, and organisational support. Data for the study was collected from approximately five hundred transnational students participating in eight transnational undergraduate computing programs offered by four Australian universities in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore and Vietnam. Overall, students from the eight different programs considered in this study were in agreement as to the factors they perceived as most important to the effectiveness of transnational programs. As anticipated and confirmed by the literature, students were of the view that their own motivation, self-discipline, and the ability to work independently, as well as in a team, was a pre-condition of an effective program. With respect to instructors, students attached the greatest importance to the instructors' ability to understand program requirements and student needs, use communication skills effectively, and be well prepared and organized. They were also in agreement regarding the importance of instructors' experience with technology-based programs and their ability to provide well-designed syllabus and presentation outlines. The relevance of the curriculum to job and career was perceived as the most important aspect ...

Min, H, Chen, W & Qiu, X 2011, 'Single frequency sound propagation in flat wavegruides with locally reactive impedance boundaries', JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, vol. 130, no. 2, pp. 772-782.
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Mohammadnejad, M, Ghazvini, M, Mahlia, TMI & Andriyana, A 2011, 'A review on energy scenario and sustainable energy in Iran', RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 4652-4658.
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Mohammed, TM, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, JK 2011, 'Biofiltration as pre-treatment to water harvesting and recycling', Water Science and Technology, vol. 63, no. 10, pp. 2097-2105.
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This paper presents the results of the long term biofilter experiments conducted with raw stormwater collected from a canal at Carlton, in Sydney. Anthracite and granular activated carbon (GAC) were used as a single filter media in biofilter columns. Media heights of 75 and 40 cm were used. The filter columns were operated at filtration velocities of 0.12 and 0.25 m/h. The removal efficiency for turbidity and DOC for the GAC filter media were found to be 75% and almost 100% respectively. The removal efficiency for the anthracite filter was much lower. Molecular weight distribution analysis showed an almost similar trend to the DOC removal. Compared with anthracite filter media, the GAC biofilter removed a much larger range of organic compounds present in the stormwater. The GAC biofilter removes organic matter earlier as compared to anthracite. Based on a limited sample of stormwater, the removal efficiency for phosphorus was upto 74% and that of nitrogen was up to 30%. In general GAC filter shows higher heavy metal removal efficiency than anthracite. The removal of zinc, iron, lead and nickel were good. However the concentration of heavy metal in the raw surface water sample was low.

Mohd Ramli, H, Sandrasegaran, K & Patachaianand, R 2011, 'Quality-driven scheduling for Long-Term Evolution system', International Journal of Mobile Communications, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 441-457.
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This paper proposes a novel packet scheduling algorithm that extends Opportunistic and Delay Sensitive (ODS) algorithm to simultaneously support Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) and Non-GBR (NGBR) services over downlink Long Term Evolution (LTE) system. The proposed algorithm utilises Channel Quality Information (CQI), average throughput, type of services, packet delay and buffer information when allocating and assigning the available Radio Resource Units (RRUs) among the users. It is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is more efficient in terms of maximising throughput and simultaneously satisfying the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of GBR and NGBR services at acceptable levels.

Mohd Ramli, H, Sandrasegaran, K, Basukala, R, Patachaianand, R & Afrin, S 2011, 'Video Streaming Performance Under Well-Known Packet Scheduling Algorithms', International Journal of Wirless and Mobile Networks, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 25-38.
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Video streaming is becoming increasingly popular among the wireless users. However, supporting video streaming over the wireless networks is not an easy task due to the dynamic radio propagation environment, limited radio resources as well as Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the video streaming that need to be satisfied at acceptable levels. Most studies proposed to support video streaming are computationally expensive to be used in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) based wireless IP networks. This paper evaluates video streaming performance under three well-known algorithms that are more practical to be used in the OFDMA based wireless IP networks due to their reduced complexity. It is demonstrated via computer simulation that Proportional Fair (PF) algorithm outperforms other well-known algorithms by providing video streaming QoS at acceptable levels whilst maximizing cell throughput.

Molla, MM, Saha, SC & Hossain, MA 2011, 'Radiation effect on free convection laminar flow along a vertical flat plate with streamwise sinusoidal surface temperature', MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING, vol. 53, no. 5-6, pp. 1310-1319.
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Molla, MM, Saha, SC, Khan, MAI & Hossain, MA 2011, 'Radiation effects on natural convection laminar flow from a horizontal circular cylinder', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 30, no. 1-3, pp. 89-97.
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Moore, G, Kerr, R & Hadgraft, R 2011, 'Self-guided field trips for students of environments', European Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 107-118.
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In many learning institutions around the world, there is a trend towards larger classes, more flexible learning pathways and reduced teaching resources. Experiential learning is often used in the form of site visits or field trips for students studying engineering, natural resource management, geography and similar disciplines. Providing opportunities for students to undertake field trips without the traditional support mechanism is one of the more challenging issues for subject designers. How can large cohorts of students gain practical exposure to various aspects of the natural or built environment? Although this is typically done using traditional site visits and fieldwork with a high staff/student ratio, the goal has been to use action research to design and develop resources to enable small groups (three or four) to make self-guided visits to sites close to campus. Multimedia resources to examine and interpret aspects of the site that relate to their on-campus learning guide the students. One critical issue in the success of these activities has been proper risk assessment and control procedures. The outcome of this research is a framework to provide a safe, active learning experience by way of self-guided field trips that is suitable for implementation with large classes. © 2011 SEFI.

Moore, HC, Johnston, MB, Nicol, SM, Bourdon, J, Thompson, AM, Hutvagner, GJ & Fuller-pace, FV 2011, 'An evolutionarily conserved, alternatively spliced, intron in the p68/DDX5 DEAD-box RNA helicase gene encodes a novel miRNA', Rna-A Publication Of The Rna Society, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 555-562.
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The DEAD-box RNA helicase p68 (DDX5) plays important roles in several cellular processes, including transcription, pre-mRNA processing, and microRNA (miRNA) processing. p68 expression is growth and developmentally regulated, and alterations in p68 expres

Motlaq, KS, Pirasteh, S, Norozi, OA, Pradhan, B & Mahmoodzadeh, A 2011, 'Sinkholes mapping using gis: vulnarebility and risk assessment emphasis on development areas', International Geoinformatics Research and Development Journal, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 49-61.

Moulton, BD 2011, 'Capacitive Sensor to Detect Fallen Humans in Conditions of Low Visibility', Journal of Convergence Information Technology, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 1-8.
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This paper examines the potential for a capacitive sensor to be used as part of a system to detect fallen humans at very close range. Previous research suggests that a robotic system incorporating a low cost capacitive sensor could potentially distinguish between different materials. The work reported in this paper stemmed from an attempt to determine the true extent to which such a system might reliably differentiate between fallen humans and other objects. The work is motivated by the fact that there are several different emergency circumstances in which such a system might save lives if it could reliably detect immobile humans. These scenarios include situations where older people have fallen and are unable to move or raise an alert, and circumstances where people have been overcome by smoke in a burning building. Current sensing systems are typically unsuitable in conditions of low visibility such as smoke filled rooms. This analysis focused specifically on the potential for a robot equipped with a capacitive sensing system to identify an immobile human in a low visibility emergency scenario. It is concluded that further work would be required to determine whether this type of capacitive sensing system is genuinely suitable for this task.

Moulton, BD & Khalifan, Z 2011, 'In-home Health Alert Systems in Rural and Remote Areas of Australia: A Survey of Doctors' and Patients' Views', Journal of Convergence Information Technology, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-14.
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Australias population is ageing, and this is placing increased stress on the national health system. There has been an increased focus on providing services that enable older people to live safely at home rather than in hospitals or retirement accommodation settings. Health-alert systems that use pendants or sensors are especially important for an increasing number of older people who live at home in rural and remote areas. This paper presents preliminary findings from a survey of 56 elderly people and 12 medical practitioners regarding the use of in-home health alert systems. The study was conceived to improve understanding of user requirements relating to in-home trauma alert systems and shed light on concerns, risks and design constraints. The preliminary findings suggest that cost is a primary limitation preventing older people from installing these systems. In addition, the findings suggest that there is a need for automatic sensor-based systems to complement existing systems that rely on the user to wear and operate a push-button pendant or other device. The results also suggest that there is an unmet demand for sensor-based systems that automatically register these events and send alerts to nominated peers in the first instance, and only send alerts to emergency services if the nominated peers failed to register a response to the alert. The study also found that older people may be opposed to camera-based systems, but are not opposed to less intrusive sensors in key areas such as bathrooms and kitchens. The surveyed medical practitioners suggested that systems that sense heart rate and oxygenation may be of particular benefit, and that potential candidates for automatic systems include people who have medical conditions such as dementia, epilepsy, cardiovascular illness, stroke, Parkinsons disease, vertigo and osteoarthritis.

Mousavi, SR, Pirasteh, S, Pradhan, B, Mansor, S & Mahmud, AR 2011, 'The ASTER DEM generation for geomorphometric analysis of the central Alborz Mountains, Iran', Pertanika J Sci Technol, vol. 19, pp. 115-124.

Movassaghigilani, S, Abolhasan, M & Lipman, J 2011, 'Addressing Schemes for Body Area Networks', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 1310-1313.
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This letter explores address allocation in Body Area Networks (BANs) and proposes two novel schemes - Optimized Prophet Address Allocation (OPAA) and Hierarchical Collisionfree Address Protocol (HCAP). The aim of the schemes is to use fewer bits in the address space, solve address wastage problems, reduce collisions and improve power efficiency. The usability and efficiency of the proposed schemes is shown through simulation and analysis.

Mullai, P, Arulselvi, S, Ngo, H & Sabarathinam, P 2011, 'Experiments And Anfis Modelling For The Biodegradation Of Penicillin-G Wastewater Using Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor', Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5492-5497.
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The performance of an anaerobic hybrid reactor (AHR) for treating penicillin-G wastewater was investigated at the ambient temperatures of 30-35 degrees C for 245 days in three phases. The experimental data were analysed by adopting an adaptive network-ba

Na, S, Shon, H & Kim, J 2011, 'Minimization of excess sludge and cryptic growth of microorganisms by alkaline treatment of activated sludge', Korean Journal Of Chemical Engineering, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 164-169.
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Sludge solubilization was induced by the alkaline-thermal treatment to investigate the cryptic growth and reduction of a large amount of activated sludge produced from wastewater treatment. Activated sludge was divided into lysate, supernatant fraction and particulate fraction for a biodegradability test by cryptic growth. Sludge was reduced up to 78% at pH 13 and 44% at pH 10 using the single alkaline-thermal treatment. Also, it was found that alkalinethermal treatment at pH 13 increased the quantity of intracellular components generated by cell lysis and promoted the power of significant cell destruction. The neutralization of pH after the solubilized activated sludge led to high biodegradability of organic carbon sources generated by cell lysis. This can be utilized in minimizing activated sludge.

Na, S, Shon, H, Kim, JB, Park, HJ & Kim, J 2011, 'Preparation and characterization of titania nanoparticle produced from Ti-flocculated sludge with paper mill wastewater', Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 17, pp. 277-281.
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Sludge disposal after flocculation with paper mill wastewater is one of the most costly and environmentally problematic challenges. In this study, an effective sludge recycling process was proposed using Ti-salt coagulant instead of the currently used Fe-salt. Paper mill wastewater flocculation using TiCl4 and FeCl3 coagulants was investigated for organic removal and precipitation efficiency. A large amount of titania nanoparticle was produced after incineration of sludge of Ti-salt flocculation in paper mill wastewater. The titania nanoparticle was characterized in terms of physical and chemical properties. Results showed that the removal efficiency of organic matter at the optimum concentrations of Ti- and Fe-salt was 69% and 65%, respectively. The removal of turbidity was 99%. Titania recovered from 600 8C incineration of the settled sludge consisted of the anatase titania structure. The titania from printing paper mill wastewater showed irregularly aggregated structures with round shape of dimension of 10â15 nm as a primary crystal growth. Various dopant materialswere found to be carbon (4.3%), magnesium (0.9%), aluminium (1.9%), silicon (1.7%), sulphur (0.7%) and calcium (3.8%). 60% of acetaldehyde concentration under UV irradiation was removed with the titania nanoparticles produced from the printing paper mill wastewater.

Newell, B, Marsh, D & Sharma, D 2011, 'Enhancing The Resilience Of The Australian National Electricity Market: Taking A Systems Approach In Policy Development', Ecology and Society: a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 0-0.
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As the complexity and interconnectedness of present-day social-ecological systems become steadily more apparent, there is increasing pressure on governments, policy makers, and managers to take a systems approach to the challenges facing humanity. However, how can this be done in the face of system complexity and uncertainties? In this paper we briefly discuss practical ways that policy makers can take up the systems challenge. We focus on resilience thinking, and the use of influence diagrams, causal-loop diagrams, and system archetypes. As a case study, set in the context of the climate-energy-water nexus, we use some of these system concepts and tools to carry out an initial exploration of factors that can affect the resilience of the Australian National Electricity Market. We stress the need for the electricity sector to prepare for the impacts of global change by encouraging innovation and diversity, supporting modularity and redundancy, and embracing the need for a policy making approach that takes account of the dynamics of the wider social-ecological system. Finally, taking a longer term view, we conclude by recommending that policy makers work to reduce reliance on conventional market mechanisms, institute continuing crosssector dialogue, and promote basic education in system dynamics.

Nghiem, LD & Cath, T 2011, 'A scaling mitigation approach during direct contact membrane distillation', SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 315-322.
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Nghiem, LD, Hildinger, F, Hai, FI & Cath, T 2011, 'Treatment of saline aqueous solutions using direct contact membrane distillation', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 234-241.
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Nguyen, N, Su, SW & Nguyen, HT 2011, 'Robust neuro-sliding mode multivariable control strategy for powered wheelchairs', IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 105-111.
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This paper proposes an advanced robust multivariable control strategy for a powered wheelchair system. The new control strategy is based on a combination of the systematic triangularization technique and the robust neuro-sliding mode control approach. This strategy effectively copes with parameter uncertainties and external disturbances in real-time in order to achieve robustness and optimal performance of a multivariable system. This novel strategy reduces coupling effects on a multivariable system, eliminates chattering phenomena, and avoids the plant Jacobian calculation problem. Furthermore, the strategy can also achieve fast and global convergence using less computation. The effectiveness of the new multivariable control strategy is verified in real-time implementation on a powered wheelchair system. The obtained results confirm that robustness and desired performance of the overall system are guaranteed, even under parameter uncertainty and external disturbance effects.

Nguyen, T & Pham, L 2011, 'Scientific Output And Its Relationship To Knowledge Economy: An Analysis Of Asean Countries', Scientometrics, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 107-117.
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This article seeks to examine the relationship between scientific output and knowledge economy index in 10 South East Asian countries (ASEAN). Using bibliometric data of the Institute of Scientific Information, we analyzed the number of scientific articles published in international peer-reviewed journals between 1991 and 2010 for Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, and Singapore. During the 20-year period, scientists from the ASEAN countries have published 165,020 original articles in ISI indexed journals, which represents similar to 0.5% of the world scientific output. Singapore led the region with the highest number of publications (accounting for 45% of the countries' total publications), followed by Thailand (21%), Malaysia (16%), Vietnam (6%), Indonesia and the Philippines (5% each). The number of scientific articles from those countries has increased by 13% per year, with the rate of increase being highest in Thailand and Malaysia, and lowest in Indonesia and the Philippines. At the country level, the correlation between knowledge economy index and scientific output was 0.94. Based on the relationship between scientific output and knowledge economy, we identified 4 clusters of countries: Singapore as the first group; Thailand and Malaysia in the second group; Vietnam, Indonesia and the Philippines in the third group; and Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Brunei in the fourth group. These data suggested that there was a strong relationship between scientific research and the degree of "knowledgization" of economy.

Nguyen, V, Ngo, H, Guo, W, Phuntsho, S & Li, J 2011, 'A New Sponge Tray Bioreactor In Primary Treated Sewage Effluent Treatment', Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5444-5447.
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The new attached growth sponge tray bioreactor (STB) was evaluated at different operating conditions for removing organics and nutrients from primary treated sewage effluent. This STB was also assessed when using as a pre-treatment prior to micro-filtrat

Nguyen, V, Zhang, R, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, H, Kandasamy, JK & Mathes, P 2011, 'Removal of organic matter from effluents by Magnetic Ion Exchange (MIEX)', Desalination, vol. 276, no. 1-3, pp. 96-102.
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Magnetic Ion Exchange Resin (MIEX®) is effective in removing the majority of organic carbon from biologically treated wastewater. It removed 77% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from synthetic wastewater when operated in batch mode using a MIEX® concentration of 10 mL/L. A pseudo secondorder reaction rate model namely the Ho model was used for the kinetic study and it was found that it provided a realistic description of the adsorption kinetics of DOC. A fluidised bed MIEX® contactor effectively removed organic matter from synthetic biologically treated sewage effluent with more than 60% DOC removal even after 172 bed volumes. The regenerated MIEX® resin did not display any significant reduction in its ability to remove organic matter.

Ni, B-J, Liu, H, Nie, Y-Q, Zeng, RJ, Du, G-C, Chen, J & Yu, H-Q 2011, 'Coupling Glucose Fermentation and Homoacetogenesis for Elevated Acetate Production: Experimental and Mathematical Approaches', BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 345-353.
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Ni, B-J, Rittmann, BE & Yu, H-Q 2011, 'Soluble microbial products and their implications in mixed culture biotechnology', TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 454-463.
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Ni, B-J, Ruscalleda, M, Pellicer-Nacher, C & Smets, BF 2011, 'Modeling Nitrous Oxide Production during Biological Nitrogen Removal via Nitrification and Denitrification: Extensions to the General ASM Models', ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, vol. 45, no. 18, pp. 7768-7776.
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Ni, B-J, Sheng, G-P & Yu, H-Q 2011, 'Model-based characterization of endogenous maintenance, cell death and predation processes of activated sludge in sequencing batch reactors', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 747-754.
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Ni, B-J, Xie, W-M, Chen, Y-P, Fang, F, Liu, S-Y, Ren, T-T, Sheng, G-P, Yu, H-Q, Liu, G & Tian, Y-C 2011, 'Heterotrophs Grown on the Soluble Microbial Products (SMP) Released by Autotrophs Are Responsible for the Nitrogen Loss in Nitrifying Granular Sludge', BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING, vol. 108, no. 12, pp. 2844-2852.
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Ni, B-J, Zeng, RJ, Fang, F, Xie, W-M, Xu, J, Sheng, G-P, Sun, Y-J & Yu, H-Q 2011, 'Evaluation on Factors Influencing the Heterotrophic Growth on the Soluble Microbial Products of Autotrophs', BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING, vol. 108, no. 4, pp. 804-812.
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Ni, W, Chen, Z, Suzuki, H & Collings, IB 2011, 'On the Performance of Semi-Orthogonal User Selection with Limited Feedback', IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 1359-1361.
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Nie, F, Zeng, Z, Xu, D, Tsang, I & Zhang, C 2011, 'Spectral Embedded Clustering: A Framework for In-Sample and Out-of-Sample Spectral Clustering', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 1796-1808.
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Spectral clustering (SC) methods have been successfully applied to many real-world applications. The success of these SC methods is largely based on the manifold assumption, namely, that two nearby data points in the high-density region of a low-dimensional data manifold have the same cluster label. However, such an assumption might not always hold on high-dimensional data. When the data do not exhibit a clear low-dimensional manifold structure (e.g., high-dimensional and sparse data), the clustering performance of SC will be degraded and become even worse than K -means clustering. In this paper, motivated by the observation that the true cluster assignment matrix for high-dimensional data can be always embedded in a linear space spanned by the data, we propose the spectral embedded clustering (SEC) framework, in which a linearity regularization is explicitly added into the objective function of SC methods. More importantly, the proposed SEC framework can naturally deal with out-of-sample data. We also present a new Laplacian matrix constructed from a local regression of each pattern and incorporate it into our SEC framework to capture both local and global discriminative information for clustering. Comprehensive experiments on eight real-world high-dimensional datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of our SEC framework over existing SC methods and K-means-based clustering methods. Our SEC framework significantly outperforms SC using the Nystro¨m algorithm on unseen data.

Nizami, S, Green, JR & McGregor, C 2011, 'Service Oriented Architecture to Support Real-Time Implementation of Artifact Detection in Critical Care Monitoring', 2011 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), pp. 4925-4928.

Oberst, S & Lai, JCS 2011, 'Chaos in brake squeal noise', JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION, vol. 330, no. 5, pp. 955-975.
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Oberst, S & Lai, JCS 2011, 'Statistical analysis of brake squeal noise', JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION, vol. 330, no. 12, pp. 2978-2994.
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Ocko, SA, Chen, X, Zeng, B, Yoshida, B, Ji, Z, Ruskai, MB & Chuang, IL 2011, 'Quantum Codes Give Counterexamples to the Unique Preimage Conjecture of the N-Representability Problem', PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol. 106, no. 11.
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O'Dowd, BF, Ji, X, Alijaniaram, M, Tuan, N & George, SR 2011, 'Separation and reformation of cell surface dopamine receptor oligomers visualized in cells', EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, vol. 658, no. 2-3, pp. 74-83.
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Oh, H & Pradhan, B 2011, 'Application of a neuro-fuzzy model to landslide-susceptibility mapping for shallow landslides in a tropical hilly area', Computers & Geosciences, vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 1264-1276.

O'Hara, ML, Sample, S & Williams, MA 2011, 'Heart failure: From the icu to step‐down—and home', Nursing Management, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 36-39.
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A detailed transition plan can help prepare eligible patientsfor discharge. © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.

Okour, Y, Shon, H, Liu, H, Kim, JB & Kim, JH 2011, 'Seasonal variation in the properties of titania photocatalysts produced from Ti-salt flocculated bioresource sludge', Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5545-5549.
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Ti-salt flocculation of biologically treated sewage effluent (BTSE) was carried out on monthly basis during one year to trace the seasonal variation in the properties of BTSE, Ti-salt flocculated BTSE and titania photocatalysts. Titania photocatalysts were produced from incineration of Ti-salt flocculated sludge at 600 °C. The physio-chemical properties of BTSE, Ti-salt flocculated BTSE and titania photocatalysts were investigated. The photocatalytic activity of titania was examined using different substrates of rhodamine B and humic acid under UV light irradiation. Results indicated that the flocculation performance of Ti-salt was not affected by the seasonal variation of BTSE. BTSE characteristics resulted in marginal effect in titania characterisation and photocatalytic activity. Titania photocatalysts produced from Ti-salt flocculated sludge in different seasons showed constant anatase phase, high BET surface area and high photocatalytic activity.

Oliveira, RA, Canning, J, Cook, K, Nashqbandi, M & Pohl, AAP 2011, 'Compact dip-style viscometer based on the acousto-optic effect in a long period fiber grating', SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL, vol. 157, no. 2, pp. 621-626.
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Oliveira, RA, Marques, CAF, Cook, K, Canning, J, Nogueira, RN & Pohl, AAP 2011, 'Complex Bragg grating writing using direct modulation of the optical fiber with flexural waves', APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, vol. 99, no. 16.
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Oliveira, RA, Possetti, GRC, Marques, CAF, Neves, PT, Cook, K, Kamikawachi, RC, Bavastri, C, Fabris, JL, Muller, M, Nogueira, RN, Canning, J & Pohl, AAP 2011, 'Control of the long period grating spectrum through low frequency flexural acoustic waves', MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 22, no. 4.
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Ong, HC, Mahlia, TMI & Masjuki, HH 2011, 'A review on emissions and mitigation strategies for road transport in Malaysia', RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 3516-3522.
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Ong, HC, Mahlia, TMI & Masjuki, HH 2011, 'A review on energy scenario and sustainable energy in Malaysia', RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 639-647.
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Ong, HC, Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH & Norhasyima, RS 2011, 'Comparison of palm oil, Jatropha curcas and Calophyllum inophyllum for biodiesel: A review', RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 3501-3515.
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Otoom, AF, Gunes, H, Concha, OP & Piccardi, M 2011, 'Mlit: Mixtures Of Gaussians Under Linear Transformations', Pattern Analysis and Applications, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 193-205.
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The curse of dimensionality hinders the effectiveness of density estimation in high dimensional spaces. Many techniques have been proposed in the past to discover embedded, locally linear manifolds of lower dimensionality, including the mixture of princi

Paisitkriangkrai, S, Mei, T, Zhang, J & Hua, XS 2011, 'Clip-based hierarchical representation for near-duplicate video detection', International Journal of Computer Mathematics, vol. 88, no. 18, pp. 3817-3833.
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Searching for near-duplicate content has become an important task in many multimedia applications, for example, images, videos and music. The ability to detect duplicate videos plays an important role in several video applications, for example, effective video search, copyright infringement and the study on users' behaviour on near-duplicate video production. Current web video search systems rely only on text keywords and, hence, fail to detect many duplicate videos. In this paper, we analyse the problem of near-duplicate detection and propose a practical solution for real-time large-scale video retrieval. Unlike many existing approaches which make use of video frames or key-frames, our solution is based on a more discriminative signature of video clips. The feature used in this paper is an extension of ordinal measures which have proven to be robust to change in brightness, compression formats and compression ratios. For efficient retrieval, we propose to use multi-probe locality sensitive hashing (MPLSH) to index the video clips for fast similarity search and high recall. MPLSH is able to filter out a large number of dissimilar clips from video database. To refine the search process, we apply a similarity voting based on video clip signatures. Experimental results on the dataset of 12,790 web videos show that the proposed approach improves average precision over the baseline colour histogram approach while satisfying real-time requirements. © 2011 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Paisitkriangkrai, S, Shen, C & Zhang, J 2011, 'Incremental Training of a Detector Using Online Sparse Eigendecomposition', IEEE Transactions On Image Processing, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 213-226.
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The ability to efficiently and accurately detect objects plays a very crucial role for many computer vision tasks. Recently, offline object detectors have shown a tremendous success. However, one major drawback of offline techniques is that a complete set of training data has to be collected beforehand. In addition, once learned, an offline detector cannot make use of newly arriving data. To alleviate these drawbacks, online learning has been adopted with the following objectives: 1) the technique should be computationally and storage efficient; 2) the updated classifier must maintain its high classification accuracy. In this paper, we propose an effective and efficient framework for learning an adaptive online greedy sparse linear discriminant analysis model. Unlike many existing online boosting detectors, which usually apply exponential or logistic loss, our online algorithm makes use of linear discriminant analysisâ learning criterion that not only aims to maximize the class-separation criterion but also incorporates the asymmetrical property of training data distributions. We provide a better alternative for online boosting algorithms in the context of training a visual object detector.We demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of our methods on handwritten digit and face data sets. Our results confirm that object detection tasks benefit significantly when trained in an online manner.

Pan, SJ, Tsang, I, Kwok, J & Yang, Q 2011, 'Domain Adaptation via Transfer Component Analysis', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 199-210.
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Domain adaptation allows knowledge from a source domain to be transferred to a different but related target domain. Intuitively, discovering a good feature representation across domains is crucial. In this paper, we first propose to find such a representation through a new learning method, transfer component analysis (TCA), for domain adaptation. TCA tries to learn some transfer components across domains in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space using maximum mean miscrepancy. In the subspace spanned by these transfer components, data properties are preserved and data distributions in different domains are close to each other. As a result, with the new representations in this subspace, we can apply standard machine learning methods to train classifiers or regression models in the source domain for use in the target domain. Furthermore, in order to uncover the knowledge hidden in the relations between the data labels from the source and target domains, we extend TCA in a semisupervised learning setting, which encodes label information into transfer components learning. We call this extension semisupervised TCA. The main contribution of our work is that we propose a novel dimensionality reduction framework for reducing the distance between domains in a latent space for domain adaptation. We propose both unsupervised and semisupervised feature extraction approaches, which can dramatically reduce the distance between domain distributions by projecting data onto the learned transfer components. Finally, our approach can handle large datasets and naturally lead to out-of-sample generalization. The effectiveness and efficiency of our approach are verified by experiments on five toy datasets and two real-world applications: cross-domain indoor WiFi localization and cross-domain text classification.

Panozzo, D, Puppo, E, Tarini, M, Pietroni, N & Cignoni, P 2011, 'Automatic construction of quad-based subdivision surfaces using fitmaps', IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics, vol. 17, pp. 1510-1520.

Park, C, Tijing, LD, Yun, Y & Kim, CS 2011, 'A novel electrical potential sensing method for in vitro stent fracture monitoring and detection', Bio-medical materials and engineering, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 213-222.
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This article describes a preliminary investigation and prototype fabrication of a novel potential sensing method to continuously monitor vascular stent fractures. A potential measurement system consisting of Wheatstone bridge circuit and signal conditioning circuit was designed for the cardiovascular stent durability and fatigue test. Each end of a bare and polyurethane-covered Nitinol vascular stent was electrically connected to the potential measurement system and then immersed either in simulated body fluid (SBF) media or distilled water at 36.4 ± 1 °C. When the stent experienced fracture (i.e., a cut), its electrical potential decreased with an increase in electrical resistance. This method successfully measured fractures in the stent regardless of location. Furthermore, the number of cycles at the onset of stent fracture was accurately detected and continuously monitored using this technique. Thus, the present fracture detection method, which to our knowledge is the first ever report to use electrical potential measurement for stent durability test, gives a fast, real-time, accurate and efficient detection of fractures in stent during in vitro fatigue and durability test.

Parvin, S, Hussain, FK, Han, S & Hussain, O 2011, 'Trust-based spectrum sharing for cognitive radio networks', Journal of Interconnection Networks, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 155-171.
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Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) is a promising technology which deals with shared spectrum access and usage in order to improve the utilization of limited radio spectrum resources for future wireless communications and mobile computing. Security becomes a very challenging issue in CRNs as different types of attacks are very common to cognitive radio technology compared to general wireless networks. The proper working of cognitive radio and the functionality of CRNs relies on the compliant behaviour of the secondary user. In order to address this issue, we propose two approaches in this paper. Firstly, we propose a trust aware model to authenticate the secondary users of CRNs which offers a reliable technique to provide a security-conscious decision by using trust evaluation for CRNs. Secondly, we propose an analytical model for analyzing the availability of spectrum in CRNs using a stochastic approach. We have modeled and analyzed the availability of free spectrum for the usage of secondary users by adopting different activities in a spectrum management scheme to improve the spectrum availability in CRNs

Patel, MN, Lal, S, Kavanagh, D & Rossiter, P 2011, 'Applying neural network analysis on heart rate variability data to assess driver fatigue', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 7235-7242.
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Long duration driving is a significant cause of fatigue related accidents on motorways. Fatigue caused by driving for extended hours can acutely impair drivers alertness and performance. This papers presents an artificial intelligence based system which could detect early onset of fatigue in drivers using heart rate variability (HRV) as the human physiological measure. The detection performance of neural network was tested using a set of electrocardiogram (ECG) data recorded under laboratory conditions. The neural network gave an accuracy of 90%. This HRV based fatigue detection technique can be used as a fatigue countermeasure.

Paul, G, Webb, SS, Liu, D & Dissanayake, G 2011, 'Autonomous Robot Manipulator-Based Exploration And Mapping System For Bridge Maintenance', Robotics And Autonomous Systems, vol. 59, no. 7-8, pp. 543-554.
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This paper presents a system for Autonomous eXploration to Build A Map (AXBAM) of an unknown, 3D complex steel bridge structure using a 6 degree-of-freedom anthropomorphic robot manipulator instrumented with a laser range scanner. The proposed algorithm considers the trade-off between the predicted environment information gain available from a sensing viewpoint and the manipulator joint angle changes required to position a sensor at that viewpoint, and then obtains collision-free paths through safe, previously explored regions. Information gathered from multiple viewpoints is fused to achieve a detailed 3D map. Experimental results show that the AXBAM system explores and builds quality maps of complex unknown regions in a consistent and timely manner.

Perkins, AD, Waldron, KJ & Csonka, PJ 2011, 'Heuristic control of bipedal running: steady-state and accelerated', ROBOTICA, vol. 29, pp. 939-947.
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Pettigrew, L & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Aqueous cleaning of manufactured parts/components: Establishing the role of solution quality', International Journal of Sustainable Manufacturing, vol. 2, no. 2-3, pp. 127-140.
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Parts cleaning has gradually replaced solvent based cleaning during the manufacturing of parts and in maintenance workshop as a much more sustainable and cost benefit technology. In this study, the performance of aqueous parts cleaning was evaluated using two industrial parts cleaning systems. One system was equipped with a microfilter and oil skimmer to prolong the cleaning solution lifetime and the other was a generic parts cleaning system, which was not equipped with any contaminant control devices. It appears that aqueous parts cleaning could offer a high degree of cleanliness suitable for most typical maintenance workshops. However, the cleaning equipment used was critical to successful aqueous cleaning. The use of a microfilter and oil skimmer can reduce the amount of residuals left on parts and significantly extend solution life. Copyright © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Pham, N, Ngo, H, Guo, W, Ho, D, Mainali, B, Johnston, AJ & Listowski, A 2011, 'Responses of community to the possible use of recycled water for washing machines: A case study in Sydney, Australia', Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 535-540.
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Recycled water is a valuable resource that has potential to free up potable water supplies and recharge systems while improving the environment. Recycled water for washing machine could be one of the options as new end use of recycled water to alleviate the demand on existing and limited water supplies. This paper summarizes the findings of a research survey in Sydney, Australia to explore the attitudes and opinions of community towards the use of recycled water for different purposes, especially for the washing machine. The survey showed that 97% of the respondents were aware of the persisting water shortage problem while more than 60% of the respondents supported the use of recycled water for washing clothes. This paper exposes the basic concern of participants for using recycled water in washing machine. Health issue was found as the most concerns of the community. The survey also presents the further conditions to be considered for using recycled water for washing machine according to the participants' opinions. Correlation between knowledge and attitudes of respondents was also found in this survey.

Pham, NH, Fujita, H, Ozaki, K & Uchida, N 2011, 'Phase Angle Control of High-Frequency Resonant Currents in a Multiple Inverter System for Zone-Control Induction Heating', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 11.
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This paper presents a phase angle control method of high-frequency resonant currents in a zone-control induction heating (ZCIH) system, which consists of split working coils and multiple inverters. The ZCIH system controls the amplitude of each coil current to make the temperature distribution on the workpiece uniform. The amplitude of the coil current can be controlled in a wide range when its phase angle is adjusted to be the same with other coil currents. This paper theoretically derives the phase-angle change of the coil current in transient states, and reveals that the phase-angle change can be considered as a first-order response. A phase-angle controller was designed and examined in experiments using a two-zone ZCIH system. It is clarified that the phase angle control makes it possible to adjust the current phase angle not only in steady states but also in transient states.

Pham, TQ, Perry, SW, Fletcher, PA & Ashman, RA 2011, 'Paper fingerprinting using alpha-masked image matching', IET COMPUTER VISION, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 232-243.
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Pham, TT, Nguyen, HH & Hoang, TD 2011, 'Beamforming in Nonorthogonal Amplify-and-Forward Relay Networks', IEEE Transaction on vehicular Technology, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 1258-1263.
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This paper considers wireless amplify-and-forward (AF) relay networks in which the source communicates with the relays and destination in the first phase and the relays simultaneously forward signals to the destination in the second phase over uncorrelat

Phuntsho, S, Listowski, A, Shon, H, Le-Clech, P & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Membrane autopsy of a 10 year old hollow fibre membrane from Sydney Olympic Park water reclamation plant', Desalination, vol. 271, no. 1-3, pp. 241-247.
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Membrane autopsy was performed for a 10 year old polypropylene (PP) hollow fibre microfiltration membrane from Sydney Olympic Park water reclamation plant. The properties of the membrane were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging, contact angle, bubble test, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile strength test and functional group. The old and fouled membrane exhibited a significant difference in surface properties and material strength in comparison to the virgin membrane. The old and fouled membrane surface is less hydrophilic and less negatively charged indicating that aged membrane is more vulnerable to fouling than virgin membrane. The fibre material of the old fouled membrane appears less flexible and brittle. Foulant analysis indicated that major components of the metallic elements were silicon and calcium. The dissolved organic matter was mainly composed of biopolymers (hydrophilic) and humic substances (hydrophobic).

Phuntsho, S, Shon, H, Hong, S, Lee, S & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'A novel low energy fertilizer driven forward osmosis desalination for direct fertigation: Evaluating the performance of fertilizer draw solutions', Journal Of Membrane Science, vol. 375, no. 1-2, pp. 172-181.
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Forward osmosis (FO) is a novel and emerging low energy technology for desalination. It will be particularly more attractive, if the draw solution separation and recovery are not necessary after FO process. The application of this new concept is briefly described here in this paper for the desalination of saline water for irrigation, using fertilizer as a draw agent. Instead of separating the draw solution from desalinated water, the diluted fertilizer draw solution can be directly applied for fertigation. We report the results on the commonly used chemical fertilizers as FO draw solution. Based on the currently available FO technology, about nine different commonly used fertilizers were finally screened from a comprehensive list of fertilizers and, their performances were assessed in terms of pure water flux and reverse draw solute flux. These results indicate that, most soluble fertilizers can generate osmotic potential much higher than the sea water. The draw solutions of KCl, NaNO3 and KNO3 performed best in terms of water flux while NH4H2PO4, (NH4)2HPO4, Ca(NO3)2 and (NH4)2SO4 had the lowest reverse solute flux. Initial estimation indicates that, 1 kg of fertilizer can extract water ranging from 11 to 29 L from sea water.

Phuntsho, S, Shon, H, Vigneswaran, S & Cho, J 2011, 'Assessing membrane fouling potential of humic acid using flow field-flow fractionation', Journal Of Membrane Science, vol. 373, no. 1-2, pp. 64-73.
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Flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF), although a separation technique, has many similarities with the crossflow membrane filtration system, thereby making it an ideal tool for studying membrane fouling. This study reports the assessment of the fouling potential of humic acid on ultrafiltration membrane using asymmetrical FlFFF. The fouling potential of organic matter was assessed by quantifying the reversible and irreversible adsorption of humic acid on the membrane through analysis of FlFFF fractogram. A strong correlation was observed between the reversible/irreversible adsorption data analysed and the membrane fouling potential. This assessment was further complimented by moment analysis results in order to interpret the fouling potential of humic acid. However, further researches are necessary before this approach can serve as an alternative index for measuring membrane fouling propensity.

Pietroni, N, Massimiliano, C, Cignoni, P & Scopigno, R 2011, 'An interactive local flattening operator to support digital investigations on artwork surfaces', IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics, vol. 17, pp. 1989-1996.

Pietroni, N, Tarini, M, Sorkine, O & Zorin, D 2011, 'Global Parametrization of Range Image Sets', ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 1-10.
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We present a method to globally parameterize a surface represented by height maps over a set of planes (range images). In contrast to other parametrization techniques, we do not start with a manifold mesh. The parametrization we compute defines a manifold structure, it is seamless and globally smooth, can be aligned to geometric features and shows good quality in terms of angle and area preservation, comparable to current parametrization techniques for meshes. Computing such global seamless parametrization makes it possible to perform quad remeshing, texture mapping and texture synthesis and many other types of geometry processing operations. Our approach is based on a formulation of the Poisson equation on a manifold structure defined for the surface by the range images. Construction of such global parametrization requires only a way to project surface data onto a set of planes, and can be applied directly to implicit surfaces, nonmanifold surfaces, very large meshes, and collections of range scans. We demonstrate application of our technique to all these geometry types. © 2011, ACM. All rights reserved.

Pietroni, N, Tarini, M, Sorkine, O & Zorin, D 2011, 'Global Parametrization of Range Image Sets', ACM TRANSACTIONS ON GRAPHICS, vol. 30, no. 6.
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Pirasteh, S, Pradhan, B & Rizvi, SM 2011, 'Tectonic process analysis in Zagros Mountain with the aid of drainage networks and topography maps dated 1950–2001 in GIS', Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 4, no. 1-2, pp. 171-180.

Pirasteh, S, Pradhan, B & Rizvi, SM 2011, 'تحليل الحركات الزلزالية و العمليات التكتونيه لجبال زاجروس في جنوب إيران بأستحدام و تحليل خرائط متعددة زمنيا لاتجاهات ومسارات المجاري المائية الطبيعية والأنهار منذ العام-2001 في بيئيه نظم المعلومات الجغرافية', Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 171.

Pollatos, O & Gramann, K 2011, 'Electrophysiological evidence of early processing deficits in alexithymia', BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 113-121.
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Pongchaiyakul, C, Kotruchin, P, Wanothayaroj, E & Nguyen, T 2011, 'An Innovative Prognostic Model For Predicting Diabetes Risk In The Thai Population', Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 193-198.
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Objective: To estimate the prevalence and type 2 diabetes, and to develop a prognostic model for identifying individuals at high risk of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. Research design and methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional investigation with 4314 participants of Thai background, aged between 15 and 85 years (mean age: 48). Fasting plasma glucose was initially measured, and repeated if the first measurement was more than 126 mg/dl. Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed using the World Health Organizations criteria. Logistic regression model was used to develop prognostic models for men and women separately. The prognostic performance of the model was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and a nomogram was constructed from the logistic regression model. Results: The overall prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 7.4% (n = 125/1693) in men and 3.4% (n = 98/2621) in women. In either gender, the prevalence increased with age and body mass index (BMI). Gender, age, BMI and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were independently associated with type 2 diabetes risk. Based on the estimated parameters of model, a nomogram was constructed for predicting diabetes separated by gender. The AUC for the model with 3 factors was 0.75. Conclusions: These data suggest that the combination of age, BMI and systolic blood pressure could help identify Thai individuals at high risk of undiagnosed diabetes.

Pradhan, B 2011, 'An assessment of the use of an advanced neural network model with five different training strategies for the preparation of landslide susceptibility maps', Journal of data science, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 65-81.

Pradhan, B 2011, 'Manifestation of an advanced fuzzy logic model coupled with Geo-information techniques to landslide susceptibility mapping and their comparison with logistic regression modelling', Environmental and Ecological Statistics, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 471-493.

Pradhan, B 2011, 'Use of GIS-based fuzzy logic relations and its cross application to produce landslide susceptibility maps in three test areas in Malaysia', Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 329-349.

Pradhan, B & Pirasteh, S 2011, 'Hydro-Chemical analysis of the ground water of the basaltic catchments: Upper Bhatsai Region, Maharastra', Open Hydrology Journal, vol. 5, pp. 51-57.

Pradhan, B & Youssef, AM 2011, 'A 100‐year maximum flood susceptibility mapping using integrated hydrological and hydrodynamic models: Kelantan River Corridor, Malaysia', Journal of Flood Risk Management, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 189-202.

Pradhan, B, Mansor, S, Pirasteh, S & Buchroithner, MF 2011, 'Landslide hazard and risk analyses at a landslide prone catchment area using statistical based geospatial model', International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol. 32, no. 14, pp. 4075-4087.

Pradhan, M, Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, JK 2011, 'Application of air flow for mitigation of particle deposition in submerged membrane microfiltration', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 32, pp. 201-207.
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This study investigates the effect of microfiltration operating conditions on membrane fouling of colloidal particles of kaolin clay. Experiments were conducted with a flat sheet membrane submerged in a suspension prepared from kaolin clay powder of size varying from 0.1 to 4 mm (Sigma) with a mean particle size 2.10 mm. The particle size distribution of clay was unimodal and the concentration of kaolin clay was similar to the biomass concentration in a membrane bioreactor (10 g/L). The effects of scouring and permeate flux rates were studied in terms of the membrane fouling rate. A linear relationship between the transmembrane pressure (TMP) and particle deposition was established for different air flow rates and permeate flow rates. Air scouring was more effective at a low permeate flux. There was only a minor change in the mean particle size of deposited colloidal particles on the membrane at a given flux under varying air flows and at the beginning all had a similar rise in TMP. However, at the later stages as particles accumulated on the membrane surface there was a significant rise in TMP. 15 LMH flux was observed as critical flux beyond which a rise in the permeate flux showed a sharp rise in the TMP which varied with air flow rates and particle deposition. The sharp TMP rise that occurred during the initial few hours of operation indicated that air flow for fouling mitigation strategies should target this period to optimise the membrane process. The study showed that air flow and flux rates are the two major governing factors for particle deposition on the membrane surface.

Pu, H, Qiu, X & Wang, J 2011, 'Different sound decay patterns and energy feedback in coupled volumes', JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, vol. 129, no. 4, pp. 1972-1980.
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Purba, J, Lu, J, Ruan, D & Zhang, G 2011, 'Failure possibilities for nuclear safety assessment by fault tree analysis', International Journal of Nuclear Knowledge Management, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 162-177.
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Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a deductive tool to assess the safety of nuclear power plants. This analysis can only be implemented if all basic events in the tree have their corresponding failure rates. Therefore, safety analysts have to provide those failure rates well in advance. However, it is often difficult to obtain those failure rates due to insufficient data, changing environment or new components. This paper proposes a failure possibility based FTA approach to overcome the limitation of the conventional FTA for nuclear safety assessment. It utilises the concept of failure possibilities to evaluate basic event failure without historical data, fuzzy numbers to map component failure possibilities into mathematical form and defuzzification algorithms to convert fuzzy numbers into component failure rates. A case study on evaluating a typical high pressure core spray system of a boiling water reactor illustrates the applicability of the proposed approach.

Qin, L, Yu, JX & Chang, L 2011, 'Scalable Keyword Search on Large Data Streams', VLDB Journal, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 35-57.
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It is widely recognized that the integration of information retrieval (IR) and database (DB) techniques provides users with a broad range of high quality services. Along this direction, IR-styled m-keyword query processing over a relational database in an rdbms framework has been well studied. It finds all hidden interconnected tuple structures, for example connected trees that contain keywords and are interconnected by sequences of primary/foreign key relationships among tuples. A new challenging issue is how to monitor events that are implicitly interrelated over an open-ended relational data stream for a user-given m-keyword query. Such a relational data stream is a sequence of tuple insertion/deletion operations. The difficulty of the problem is related to the number of costly joins to be processed over time when tuples are inserted and/or deleted. Such cost is mainly affected by three parameters, namely, the number of keywords, the maximum size of interconnected tuple structures, and the complexity of the database schema when it is viewed as a schema graph. In this paper, we propose new approaches. First, we propose a novel algorithm to efficiently determine all the joins that need to be processed for answering an m-keyword query. Second, we propose a new demand-driven approach to process such a query over a high speed relational data stream. We show that we can achieve high efficiency by significantly reducing the number of intermediate results when processing joins over a relational data stream. The proposed new techniques allow us to achieve high scalability in terms of both query plan generation and query plan execution. We conducted extensive experimental studies using synthetic data and real data to simulate a relational data stream. Our approach significantly outperforms existing algorithms.

Qin, P-Y, Guo, YJ, Cai, Y, Dutkiewicz, E & Liang, C-H 2011, 'A reconfigurable antenna with frequency and polarization agility', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, pp. 1373-1376.
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A new antenna with both frequency and polarization reconfigurability is presented. The antenna consists of a square microstrip patch with a single probe feed located along the diagonal line. The center of each edge of the patch is connected to a shorting post via a p-i-n diode for polarization switching and two varactor diodes for frequency tuning. By switching between the different states of the p-i-n diodes, the proposed antenna can produce radiation patterns with horizontal, vertical, or 45° linear polarization. By varying the dc bias voltage, the operating frequency of each polarization of the antenna can be independently tuned. The frequency tuning range is from 1.35 to 2.25 GHz (|S11| <; -10 dB) for either horizontal or vertical polarization and from 1.35 to 1.9 GHz for the 45° linear polarization. Measured results on frequency tuning ranges and radiation patterns agree well with numerical simulations.

Qu, X, Meng, Q & Suyi, L 2011, 'Ship collision risk assessment for the Singapore Strait.', Accident Analysis and Prevention, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 2030-2036.
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The Singapore Strait is considered as the bottleneck and chokepoint of the shipping routes connecting the Indian and the Pacific Ocean. Therefore, the ship collision risk assessment is of significant importance for ships passing through the narrow, shallow, and busy waterway. In this paper, three ship collision risk indices are initially proposed to quantitatively assess the ship collision risks in the Strait: index of speed dispersion, degree of acceleration and deceleration, and number of fuzzy ship domain overlaps. These three risk indices for the Singapore Strait are estimated by using the real-time ship locations and sailing speeds provide by Lloyd's MIU automatic identification system (AIS). Based on estimation of these three risk indices, it can be concluded that Legs 4W, 5W, 11E, and 12E are the most risky legs in the Strait. Therefore, the ship collision risk reduction solutions should be prioritized being implemented in these four legs. This study also finds that around 25% of the vessels sail with a speed in excess of the speed limit, which results in higher potentials of ship collision. Analysis indicates that the safety level would be significantly improved if all the vessels follow the passage guidelines.

Qu, X, Meng, Q, Yuanita, V & Wong, YH 2011, 'Design and implementation of a quantitative risk assessment software tool for Singapore road tunnels', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 13827-13834.
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Rahman, BMA, Uthman, M, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A & Grattan, KTV 2011, 'Design of bent photonic crystal fiber supporting a single polarization', Applied Optics, vol. 50, pp. 6505-6511.
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Rajab, JM, Jafri, MZM, Lim, HS & Abdullah, K 2011, 'Monthly Distribution Map of Carbon Monoxide (CO) from AIRS over Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak for the year 2003', VOL. 19 (S) OCT. 2011, p. 89.

Raza, M, Hussain, O, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2011, 'Maturity, distance and density (MD(2)) metrics for optimizing trust prediction for business intelligence', Journal Of Global Optimization, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 285-300.
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The modelling and management of trust between interacting parties are crucial parts of the overall business intelligence strategy for any organization. Predicting trust values is a key element of modelling and managing trust. It is of critical importance when the interaction is to be conducted at a future point in time. In the existing body of work, there are a few approaches for predicting trust. However, none of these approaches proposes a framework or methodology by which the predicted trust value can be considered in light of its accuracy or confidence level. This is a key element in order to ensure optimized trust prediction. In this paper, we propose a methodology to address this critical issue. The methodology comprises a suite of metricsmaturity, distance and density (MD2) which are capable of capturing various aspects of the confidence level in the predicted trust value. The proposed methodology is exemplified with the help of case studies.

Redshaw, S, Wilson, V, Scarfe, G & Dengler, KA 2011, 'Narratives of the heart: telling the story of children with a cardiac condition through a bead program', Journal Of Clinical Nursing, vol. 20, no. 19-20, pp. 2802-2811.
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Aims. To present and discuss the significance of a bead program in assisting families to put together the story of a childâs journey through cardiac intervention. The main focus of the article is the importance to families of developing a narrative in making sense of the experience of discovering their child has a cardiac condition and how this is enhanced by the bead program. Background. The Heart Beads Program involved giving families beads related to procedures and processes the children undergo while they are in hospital. Research on narratives related to illness suggests that forming a narrative that incorporates the health condition facilitates the ability to talk about these experiences and helps to make sense of and deal with the stressors related to such traumatic life events. Design. A qualitative methodology was used to evaluate the program employing semi-structured interviews and content analysis following a grounded theory approach. Methods. Interviews were undertaken with 11 families to highlight their experiences of being involved in the Heart Beads Program. Themes were identified from the interviews and critical discussion was used to structure and connect the themes. Results. The major theme that emerged from the analysis of the interviews was the importance of the beads in enabling the telling of the childâs story. Five subthemes were identified in this theme: symbolism, encouraging/uplifting, acknowledgement, connection with others and imagining the future. The themes are outlined and expressed through specific comments from interviews. Conclusions. The Heart Beads are seen as presenting a significant way for children and families to comprehend their time in hospital as part of the childâs life story. Relevance to clinical practice. The program can offer the opportunity for health care professionals to relate to the child and familyâs story and to engage with that story in a person centred way.

Regmi, G, Indraratna, B, Long, DN & Banasiak, L 2011, 'Evaluating waste concrete for the treatment of acid sulphate soil groundwater from coastal floodplains', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 126-132.
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Regmi, G, Indraratna, B, Nghiem, LD, Golab, A & Prasad, BG 2011, 'Treatment of Acidic Groundwater in Acid Sulfate Soil Terrain Using Recycled Concrete: Column Experiments', JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE, vol. 137, no. 6, pp. 433-443.
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Rogner, HH, Sharma, D & Jalal, AI 2011, 'Greenhous gas emissions and electricity generation technologies: Some emerging trends', International Energy Journal, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 201-218.
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This paper develops - for a select, yet significant group of countries - a panoramic overview of the changes in the electricity generation technology-fuel-mix, in the backdrop of emerging concerns about global warming and the contribution of the electricity industry to such warming. This overview is based on extended case studies developed by individual country experts, as part of a research project undertaken under the aegis of the International Atomic Energy Agency (United Nations). Each case study essentially employs a technological optimization model (for example, MESSAGE), driven by a range of scenarios that reflect the technological, economic and policy positions under consideration by various countries. The results of such studies are then contextualized in this paper, and supplemented with additional analyses, in order to draw broader inferences. The analyses suggests that over the next twenty years or so, there is likely to be a significant transformation in the electricity technology (fuel) landscapes across all countries, especially the BRIC group of countries. Broad contours of such a transformation are likely to include continuing dominance by thermal electricity especially coal; increased gas-based capacity, yet lower than expected share of gas-based electricity due mainly to its appropriateness as a peaking fuel - thus raising questions about the 'dash-for-gas' argument; small yet noticeable decline in the share of hydroelectricity, suggesting continuing influence of environmental considerations of large hydro-electric projects and the conflicts between the use of water resources for irrigation and electricity generation; rapid increase of nuclear-based capacity and generation, reflecting its appropriateness as a reliable base-load source of electricity in a carbon constrained world; and the lower than expected contribution from small-scale renewable technologies, due to the intermittency of their availability, and the historic institutional biases...

Rohde, PP & Ralph, TC 2011, 'Time-resolved detection and mode mismatch in a linear optics quantum gate', NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS, vol. 13.
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Rohde, PP, Schreiber, A, Stefanak, M, Jex, I & Silberhorn, C 2011, 'Multi-walker discrete time quantum walks on arbitrary graphs, their properties and their photonic implementation', NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS, vol. 13.
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Rollinson, CM, Huntington, ST, Gibson, BC, Rubanov, S & Canning, J 2011, 'Characterization of nanoscale features in tapered fractal and photonic crystal fibers', OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1860-1865.
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Ruta, D, Gabrys, B & Lemke, C 2011, 'A Generic Multilevel Architecture for Time Series Prediction', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 350-359.
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Sadeghi Hokmabadi, A, Fakher, A & Fatahi, B 2011, 'Seismic strain wedge model to analyse single piles under lateral seismic loading', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 31-41.
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One of the most effective methods of analysing a single pile and pile groups under lateral loading is Strain Wedge Model (SWM). SWM has a number of advantages in comparison with traditional p-y curves, but this model could traditionally only be used to analyse piles under monotonic loads. In the present paper, SWM has been modified to consider dynamic lateral loading. Based on this new method, called Seismic Strain Wedge Model (SSWM), a computer code has been developed for lateral analysis of piles. Using this computer code, some case studies have been analysed and the results show good agreement with test data. This paper introduces SSWM as a simple and powerful solution to analyse piles under lateral seismic loading.

Saha, SC 2011, 'Scaling of free convection heat transfer in a triangular cavity for Pr > 1', ENERGY AND BUILDINGS, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 2908-2917.
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Saha, SC 2011, 'Unsteady natural convection in a triangular enclosure under isothermal heating', ENERGY AND BUILDINGS, vol. 43, no. 2-3, pp. 695-703.
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Saha, SC & Gu, YT 2011, 'Free convection in a triangular enclosure with fluid-saturated porous medium and internal heat generation', ANZIAM JOURNAL, vol. 53, pp. C127-C141.

Saha, SC & Gu, YT 2011, 'Natural convection in a triangular enclosure due to non-uniform cooling on top', ANZIAM JOURNAL, vol. 53, pp. C53-C68.

Saha, SC & Gu, YT 2011, 'Prandtl number scaling of natural convection of an inclined flat plate due to uniform surface heat flux', ANZIAM JOURNAL, vol. 53, pp. C387-C403.

Saha, SC & Gu, YT 2011, 'Prandtl number scaling of natural convection of the flow on a heated inclined at plate', ANZIAM Journal, vol. 53, no. SUPPL.
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A new scaling analysis has been performed for the unsteady natural convection boundary layer under a downward facing inclined plate with uniform heat flux. The development of the thermal or viscous boundary layers is classified into three distinct stages including an early stage, a transitional stage and a steady stage, which is clearly identified in the analytical as well as in numerical results. Earlier scaling shows that the existing scaling laws of the boundary layer thickness, velocity and steady state time scales for the natural convection flow on a heated plate of uniform heat flux provide a very poor prediction of the Prandtl number dependency. However, those scalings performed very well with Rayleigh number and aspect ratio dependency. In this study, a modified Prandtl number scaling is developed using a triple-layer integral approach for Prandtl number larger than unity. In comparison to the direct numerical simulations, the new scaling performs considerably better than the previous scaling. © Austral. Mathematical Soc. 2012.

Saha, SC & Khan, MMK 2011, 'A review of natural convection and heat transfer in attic-shaped space', ENERGY AND BUILDINGS, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 2564-2571.
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Saha, SC, Patterson, JC & Lei, C 2011, 'Scaling of Natural Convection of an Inclined Flat Plate: Sudden Cooling Condition', JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, vol. 133, no. 4.
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Saha, SC, Xu, F & Molla, MM 2011, 'Scaling Analysis of the Unsteady Natural Convection Boundary Layer Adjacent to an Inclined Plate for Pr > 1 Following Instantaneous Heating', JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, vol. 133, no. 11.
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Saidur, R & Mahlia, TMI 2011, 'Impacts of energy efficiency standard on motor energy savings and emission reductions', CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 103-109.
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Saidur, R, Hasanuzzaman, M, Mahlia, TMI, Rahim, NA & Mohammed, HA 2011, 'Chillers energy consumption, energy savings and emission analysis in an institutional buildings', ENERGY, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 5233-5238.
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Saidur, R, Mahlia, TMI & Hasanuzzaman, M 2011, 'Developing energy performance standard, label and test procedures and impacts analysis for commercial chillers', ENERGY EDUCATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PART A-ENERGY SCIENCE AND RESEARCH, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 175-190.

Salameh, HB & Krunz, M 2011, 'Adaptive power-controlled MAC protocols for improved throughput in hardware-constrained cognitive radio networks', AD HOC NETWORKS, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 1127-1139.
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Sambrook, P, Flahive, J, Hooven, F, Boonen, S, Chapurlat, R, Lindsay, R, Nguyen, T, Diez-perez, A, Pfeilschifter, J, Greenspan, S, Hosmer, D, Netelenbos, J, Adachi, J, Watts, N, Cooper, C, Roux, C, Rossini, M, Siris, E, Silverman, S, Saag, K, Compston, JE, LaCroix, A & Gehlbach, S 2011, 'Predicting Fractures In An International Cohort Using Risk Factor Algorithms Without Bmd', Journal Of Bone And Mineral Research, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 2770-2777.
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Clinical risk factors are associated with increased probability of fracture in postmenopausal women. We sought to compare prediction models using self-reported clinical risk factors, excluding BMD, to predict incident fracture among postmenopausal women. The GLOW study enrolled women aged 55 years or older from 723 primary-care practices in 10 countries. The population comprised 19,586 women aged 60 years or older who were not receiving antiosteoporosis medication and were followed annually for 2 years. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data on characteristics, fracture risk factors, previous fractures, and health status. The main outcome measure compares the C index for models using the WHO Fracture Risk (FRAX), the Garvan Fracture Risk Calculator (FRC), and a simple model using age and prior fracture. Over 2 years, 880 women reported incident fractures including 69 hip fractures, 468 "major fractures" (as defined by FRAX), and 583 "osteoporotic fractures" (as defined by FRC). Using baseline clinical risk factors, both FRAX and FRC showed a moderate ability to correctly order hip fracture times (C index for hip fracture 0.78 and 0.76, respectively). C indices for "major" and "osteoporotic" fractures showed lower values, at 0.61 and 0.64. Neither algorithm was better than the model based on age + fracture history alone (C index for hip fracture 0.78). In conclusion, estimation of fracture risk in an international primary-care population of postmenopausal women can be made using clinical risk factors alone without BMD. However, more sophisticated models incorporating multiple clinical risk factors including falls were not superior to more parsimonious models in predicting future fracture in this population.

Saminathan, S, Liu, H, Nguyen, V & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Organic matter removal from biologically treated sewage effluent by flocculation and oxidation coupled with flocculation', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 133-137.
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Flocculation alone and flocculation coupled with oxidation process were used for removing organic matter from biologically treated sewage effluent. The performances of different flocculants such as ferric sulphate, ferric nitrate, ferric chloride, and aluminium sulphate were experimentally evaluated. Among the flocculants tested, ferric chloride was selected because of its highest dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal efficiency (67%) and the large size of the floc (mean size d(0.5) = 53.04 μm). The optimum dosage of FeCl3 was determined as 16 mg (Fe3+)/L. Different fractionation of organic matter before and after the flocculation process was analyzed. It was observed that FeCl3 could remove 90% of hydrophobic compounds and 61% of hydrophilic compounds. Oxidation process by Fenton reagent coupled with flocculation was also trialed. It is observed that DOC removal efficiency of Fenton reagent coupled with flocculation could reach 86%. The combination of flocculation and Fenton reagent increased the hydrophilic removal to 85%.

Sandhu, SK, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Pocock, NA, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2011, 'Prognosis of fracture: evaluation of predictive accuracy of the FRAX algorithm and Garvan nomogram: rejoinder to comments by Pluskiewicz and Drozdzowska', OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 2563-2563.
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Sarker, L, Xiang, Y, Uy, B & Zhu, X 2011, 'Damage detection of circular cylindrical shells by Ritz method', 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURES (DAMAS 2011), vol. 305.
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Schubert, P & Williams, SP 2011, 'A framework for identifying and understanding enterprise systems benefits', Business Process Management Journal, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 808-828.
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Purpose: Identifying the benefits arising from implementations of enterprise systems and realizing business value remains a significant challenge for both research and industry. This paper aims to consolidate previous work. It presents a framework for investigating enterprise systems benefits and business change, which addresses the identified limitations of previous research and provides a more detailed analysis of benefits and their contextual variation. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing on data gathered from 31 real-world organizations (case studies) of differing size, maturity, and industry sector, the study adopts an iterative content analysis to empirically derive a comprehensive benefits framework. Findings: The content analysis provides a detailed classification of expectations and benefits, which is described in a four-level framework. The four levels (areas) are further subdivided into aspects and criteria plus an attributed appraisal value. The resulting scheme for the "three-level benefit codes" provides a greater level of detail about the nature of expected and realized benefits. Practical implications: The high level of detail and the code scheme comprising 60 different codes and the method for deriving the codes allows companies to identify and define benefits as well as to assess the outcome of enterprise systems implementation projects. Originality/value: The paper empirically develops an applicable benefits framework, which addresses the lack of detail of previous frameworks. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Schubert, P, Williams, SP & Woelfe, R 2011, 'Sustainable competitive advantage in e-commerce and the role of the enterprise system', International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1-17.
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Developing and sustaining a competitive advantage from the use of information technology is a topic of concern for information systems research. Mata et al. (1995) present a model that is founded on the resource-based view of the firm. The model is used to discuss factors that lead to competitive advantage in e-commerce companies. This paper explores factors that enable sustainable competitive advantages in B2C retailing. The analysis is based on a single in-depth case study of an Internet pioneer company (Le Shop), which was observed by the authors since its inception more than 10 years ago. The research data stems from a series of interviews with managers at Le Shop as well as two case studies about the company from two different points in time (2000 and 2009). Le Shop is an online pioneer, which began selling groceries on the Internet in Switzerland in April 1998. After a turbulent few years, Le Shop is now one of the few successful e-commerce suppliers in the supermarket segment worldwide. The discussion includes an analysis of further critical resources of the company from a resource-based view. Copyright © 2011, IGI Global.

Seely, AJE, Kauffman, SA, Bates, JHT, Macklem, PT, Suki, B, Marshall, JC, Batchinsky, AI, Perez-Velazquez, JL, Seiver, A, McGregor, C, Maksym, G, Eng, MVKP, Similowski, T, Buchman, TG, Letellier, C, Filoche, M, Frasch, MG, Straus, C, Glass, L, Godin, PJ, Morris, JA, Sow, D, Nenadovic, V, Arnold, RC, Norris, P & Moorman, JR 2011, 'Proceedings from the Montebello Round Table Discussion. Second annual conference on Complexity and Variability discusses research that brings innovation to the bedside', JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 325-327.
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Senaratne, R, Jap, B, Lal, S, Hsu, A, Halgamuge, S & Fischer, P 2011, 'Comparing two video-based techniques for driver fatigue detection: classification versus optical flow approach', Machine Vision and Applications, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 597-618.
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Lack of concentration in a driver due to fatigue is a major cause of road accidents. This paper investigates approaches that can be used to develop a video-based system to automatically detect driver fatigue and warn the driver, in order to prevent accidents. Ocular cues such as percentage eye closure (PERCLOS) are considered strong fatigue indicators; thus, accurately locating and tracking the driver's eyes is vital. Tests were carried out based on two approaches to track the eyes and estimate PERCLOS: (1) classification approach and (2) optical flow approach. In the first approach, the eyes are tracked by finding local regions, the state (open or closed) of the eyes in each image frame is estimated using a classifier, and thereby the PERCLOS is calculated. In the second approach, the movement of the upper eyelid is tracked using a newly proposed simple eye model, which captures image velocities based on optical flow, thereby the eye closures and openings are detected, and then the eye states are estimated to calculate PERCLOS. Experiments show that both approaches can detect fatigue with reasonable accuracy, and that the classification approach is more accurate. However, the classification approach requires a large amount of suitable training data. If such data are unavailable, then the optical flow approach would be more practical.

Sezer, EA, Pradhan, B & Gokceoglu, C 2011, 'Manifestation of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy model on landslide susceptibility mapping: Klang valley, Malaysia', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 8208-8219.

Sha, T, Song, M, Bu, J, Chen, C & Tao, D 2011, 'Feature Level Analysis For 3D Facial Expression Recognition', Neurocomputing, vol. 74, no. 12-13, pp. 2135-2141.
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3D facial expression recognition has great potential in human computer interaction and intelligent robot systems. In this paper, we propose a two-step approach which combines both the feature selection and the feature fusion techniques to choose more com

Shafie, SM, Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH & Andriyana, A 2011, 'Current energy usage and sustainable energy in Malaysia: A review', RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 4370-4377.
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Shahbazi, M, Wang, X, Lin, Z, Zhu, J, Dou, SX & Choi, K 2011, 'Magnetoresistance, Critical Current Density, And Magnetic Flux Pinning Mechanism In Nickel Doped BaFe(2)As(2) Single Crystals', Journal Of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 7, pp. 1-3.
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The critical current density, J(c), flux pinning behavior and magneto-resistance results of BaFe(2-x)Ni(x)As(2) single crystal have been investigated in fields up to 13 T over a temperature range of 2 to 20 K. The magnetoresistance below the superconduct

Shahbazi, M, Wang, X, Shekhar, C, Srivastava, O, Lin, Z, Zhu, J & Dou, SX 2011, 'Upper Critical Field And Thermally Activated Flux Flow In LaFeAsO(1-X)F(X)', Journal Of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 7, pp. 0-0.
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The magneto-resistance, critical current density, Jc, upper critical field, Hc2, and flux pinning properties of LaFeAsO1xFx superconductors were investigated systematically by magnetic and magneto-transport measurements in the fields up to 13 T over a temperature range of 535 K. It was found that the Hc2 increased with increasing fluorine concentration up to x0.15, while with higher fluorine doping, Hc2 decreased. A peak effect in the Jc as a function of field was observed at T<15 K for both the 5% and 15% fluorine doped samples. The broadening of the superconducting transition in magnetic field can be well understood by the thermally activated flux flow model. The pinning potential, Uo, scales as Uo/kB ! Bn with n¼0.13 for B<1 T and n¼0.68 for B>1 T for LaFeAsO0.85F0.15.

Shakor, PN & Pimplikar, S 2011, 'Glass fibre reinforced concrete use in construction'.

Shambour, Q & Lu, J 2011, 'A Hybrid Trust-enhanced Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Approach For Personalized Government-to-business E-services', International Journal of Intelligent Systems, vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 814-843.
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The information overload on the World Wide Web results in the underuse of some existing egovernment services within the business domain. Small-to-medium businesses (SMBs), in particular, are seeking 'one-to-one' e-services from government in current highly competitive markets, and there is an imperative need to develop Web personalization techniques to provide business users with information and services specific to their needs, rather than an undifferentiated mass of information. This paper focuses on how e-governments can support businesses on the problem of selecting a trustworthy business partner to perform reliable business transactions. In the business partner selection process, trust or reputation information is crucial and has significant influence on a business user's decision regarding whether or not to do business with other business entities. For this purpose, an intelligent trust-enhanced recommendation approach to provide personalized government-to-business (G2B) e-services, and in particular, business partner recommendation e-services for SMBs is proposed. Accordingly, in this paper, we develop (1) an implicit trust filtering recommendation approach and (2) an enhanced user-based collaborative filtering (CF) recommendation approach. To further exploit the advantages of the two proposed approaches, we develop (3) a hybrid trust-enhanced CF recommendation approach (TeCF) that integrates both the proposed implicit trust filtering and the enhanced user-based CF recommendation approaches. Empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches, especially the hybrid TeCF recommendation approach in terms of improving accuracy, as well as in dealing with very sparse data sets and cold-start users.

Shane, DT, Rayhel, LH, Huang, Z, Zhao, J-C, Tang, X, Stavila, V & Conradi, MS 2011, 'Comprehensive NMR Study of Magnesium Borohydride', JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C, vol. 115, no. 7, pp. 3172-3177.
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Shannon, AG 2011, 'A Basic Linear Recursive Sequence Of Arbitrary Order', Advanced Studies In Contemporary Mathematics (kyungshang), vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 119-124.
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This paper generalizes Bell's 'basic' second order sequences and Lucas' 'fundamental' and 'primordial' second order sequences in order to develop some properties of two classic arbitrary order generalizations of the sequences of Fibonacci and Lucas. An e

Shannon, AG 2011, 'Reflections On Some Mathematical Modeling In Endocrinology', Bioautomation, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 183-200.
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This is an expository paper which explores a variety of epidemiological and other quantitative approaches to research in endocrinology. It is a sample of some of the projects in which the author and his colleagues, including doctoral students, have been

Shannon, AG & Cook, CK 2011, 'Generalized fibonacci-feinberg sequences', Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics (Kyungshang), vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 171-179.
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This paper considers some properties of types of recurrence relations which generalize the well-known Fibonacci, Pell and Feinberg sequences. Some of the properties are analogous to those of some of the special functions.

Sharma, G, Choi, J, Shon, H & Phuntsho, S 2011, 'Solar-powered electrocoagulation system for water and wastewater treatment', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 32, pp. 381-388.
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The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of solar powered electrocoagulation (SPEC) for wastewater treatment using aluminium electrodes. Optimisation of various operating parameters such as pH, voltage/current, electrodes gap, pollutant concentration etc. were first performed using direct electrical current. SPEC reactor was designed by connecting with photovoltaic panel (PV) either directly or through a set of batteries and charge control system. SPEC process system was sensitive to variation of solar radiation when connected directly with PV panels. SPEC reactor operated for five different times in a day (4 April 2010) yielded highest organics removal of 85% for UV abs and turbidity removal of 87% at midday (10:00 AMâ2:00 PM) under optimum operating conditions. Use of batteries and charge controller with PV panels provided more consistent and efficient performance for the SPEC reactor. The variation in organics and turbidity removal was within the range of 10% for experiments conducted on three different times in a day (9 April 2010) with highest removals at 10:30 AM in the morning. This study indicates that, SPEC is a potential alternative for small scale decentralised water and wastewater purification system.

Sharma, G, Shon, H, Aryal, R & Phuntsho, S 2011, 'Performance evaluation of microfiltration with electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation pretreatment', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 34, pp. 141-149.
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One of the significant parameters to be considered for evaluating the process and economic viability of crosssfl ow microfiltration (MF) is flux stability. The MF economics are dependent on the flux decay through the membrane caused by membrane fouling. This work aims to evaluate the performance of MF by electro and chemical coagulation as pretreatments. The performance of MF was found to be sensitive to pH of feed solution, coagulant dosing and generation time. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) MF membrane of pore size 0.4 μm was used in this study. Without pretreatment normalised flux declined by 94% after 160 min of MF operation using model wastewater. However with pretreatments, the MF flux was significantly improved. The optimum performance for MF with both electro and chemical coagulation pretreatments occurred at isoelectric point where the highest removal of organic and turbidity was observed. With chemical coagulation under optimum conditions (30 mg/l alum dose and pH 6.5), MF did not experience any flux decline. MF performed better with chemical coagulation compared to electrocoagulation (EC). Also organic matter removal was found to be more for chemical coagulation than for EC.

Shekarchian, M, Moghavvemi, M, Mahlia, TMI & Mazandarani, A 2011, 'A review on the pattern of electricity generation and emission in Malaysia from 1976 to 2008', RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 2629-2642.
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Shekarchian, M, Moghavvemi, M, Motasemi, F & Mahlia, TMI 2011, 'Energy savings and cost-benefit analysis of using compression and absorption chillers for air conditioners in Iran', RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 1950-1960.
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Shen, C, Paisitkriangkrai, S & Zhang, J 2011, 'Efficiently Learning a Detection Cascade with Sparse Eigenvectors', IEEE Transactions On Image Processing, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 22-35.
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Real-time object detection has many computer vision applications. Since Viola and Jones proposed the first real-time AdaBoost based face detection system, much effort has been spent on improving the boosting method. In this work, we first show that feature selection methods other than boosting can also be used for training an efficient object detector. In particular, we introduce greedy sparse linear discriminant analysis (GSLDA) for its conceptual simplicity and computational efficiency; and slightly better detection performance is achieved compared with . Moreover, we propose a new technique, termed boosted greedy sparse linear discriminant analysis (BGSLDA), to efficiently train a detection cascade. BGSLDA exploits the sample reweighting property of boosting and the class-separability criterion of GSLDA. Experiments in the domain of highly skewed data distributions (e.g., face detection) demonstrate that classifiers trained with the proposed BGSLDA outperforms AdaBoost and its variants. This finding provides a significant opportunity to argue that AdaBoost and similar approaches are not the only methods that can achieve high detection results for real-time object detection.

Sheng, D 2011, 'Review of fundamental principles in modelling unsaturated soil behaviour', COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 757-776.
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Sheng, D & Zhou, A-N 2011, 'Coupling hydraulic with mechanical models for unsaturated soils', CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 826-840.
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Sheng, D, Augarde, CE & Abbo, AJ 2011, 'A fast algorithm for finding the first intersection with a non-convex yield surface', COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 465-471.
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Sheng, D, Zhou, A & Fredlund, DG 2011, 'Shear Strength Criteria for Unsaturated Soils', Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 145-159.
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Shear strength is one of the fundamental properties of unsaturated soils. It has been found to change with matric suction. Various shear strength equations have been proposed for predicting the shear strength versus suction relationship for unsaturated soils. Some of these equations are based on regression analysis of experimental data, while some are embodied in more complex stress-strain constitutive models. In this paper, a variety of shear strength equations are examined and compared with respect to their fit of experimental data. Data for specimens prepared from initially slurry conditions as well as data for initially compacted soil specimens are analysed. The advantages and limitations associated with various proposed shear strength equations are discussed in this paper. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Shon, H, Okour, Y, El Saliby, I, Kim, JB & Kim, J 2011, 'Effect of Phosphorous on the Properties of Titania Produced from Ti-Salt Flocculated Sludge in Water Treatment', Journal of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 7456-7458.
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In this study, the removal of phosphorous (P) using Ti-salt flocculation of biologically treated sewage effluent (BTSE) was investigated for a year. The pH, alkalinity and concentration of P, before and after Ti-salt flocculation, were measured and compared. The sludge of Ti-salt flocculation was incinerated at 600 C to produce titania nanoparticles which found to be doped with P. Titania nanoparticles were characterised and their photocatalytic activity under UV light irradiation were also tested. Results indicated that the removal of P, which exceeded 97% in average, was not affected by the pH and the alkalinity of BTSE. The concentration of P in titania had no effect on the characteristics of titania nanoparticles in different seasons. Titania nanoparticles exhibited superior properties in terms of BET surface area and photocatalytic activity.

Shon, H, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, JK, Kim, J & Kim, J 2011, 'Advanced Characterization Techniques Of Organic Matter In Aqueous Solutions', Journal of the Korean Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 1-14.
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Water is the most precious resource to human being, but it is polluted by different organic compounds. Organic matter (OM) in aqeous solutions is one of the important parameters of concern for human and environmental impact, and thus, it is essential to

Shooshtari, A, Kalhori, H & Masoodian, A 2011, 'Investigation for dimension effect on mechanical behavior of a metallic curved micro-cantilever beam', MEASUREMENT, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 454-465.
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Shrestha, R, Samali, B & Smith, ST 2011, 'The effectiveness of FRP strips in repairing moderately and severely damaged RC beam-column connections', Magazine Of Concrete Research, vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 629-644.
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An effective means to increase the shear resistance of shear deficient reinforced-concrete (RC) beamâcolumn connections is by bonding fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. The majority of research to date has focused on the strengthening of two-dimensional reinforced-concrete connections with fibre-reinforced polymer; that is, the strengthening of virgin (undamaged) connections. This paper reports the results of tests on the effectiveness of fibre-reinforced polymer strips in repairing two-dimensional connections with different degrees of damage. The results of tests assessing the effectiveness of fibre-reinforced polymer strips in strengthening virgin connections are also reported. All test specimens are extensively instrumented and their behaviour and failure comprehensively documented. In the case of the repaired specimens, instrumentation is concentrated on the fibre-reinforced polymer around the damage region, thus enabling the strength contribution and behaviour of the fibre-reinforced polymer repair to be closely monitored. The results of this experimental programme enable a better understanding of the strengthening and repair effect of fibre-reinforced polymer strips in reinforced-concrete beamâcolumn connections, and the results will also facilitate the future development and calibration of analytical and numerical models.

Si, S, Liu, W, Tao, D & Chan, K 2011, 'Distribution Calibration In Riemannian Symmetric Space', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 921-930.
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Distribution calibration plays an important role in cross-domain learning. However, existing distribution distance metrics are not geodesic; therefore, they cannot measure the intrinsic distance between two distributions. In this paper, we calibrate two

Silitonga, AS, Atabani, AE, Mahlia, TMI & Sebayang, AH 2011, 'Techno-economic analysis and environmental impact of fuel economy labels for passenger cars in Indonesia', RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 5212-5217.
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Silitonga, AS, Atabani, AE, Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH, Badruddin, IA & Mekhilef, S 2011, 'A review on prospect of Jatropha curcas for biodiesel in Indonesia', RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 3733-3756.
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Sim, K, Liu, G, Gopalkrishnan, V & Li, J 2011, 'A Case Study On Financial Ratios Via Cross-graph Quasi-bicliques', Information Sciences, vol. 181, no. 1, pp. 201-216.
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Stocks with similar financial ratio values across years have similar price movements. We investigate this hypothesis by clustering groups of stocks that exhibit homogeneous financial ratio values across years, and then study their price movements. We pro

Simon, A, Price, W & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Implications of membrane fouling toward the removal of the pharmaceutical sulfamethoxazole by nanofiltration processes', JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY-SCIENCE A, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 575-582.
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Singh, G, Kandasamy, JK, Shon, H & Cho, J 2011, 'Measuring treatment effectiveness of urban wetland using hybrid water quality - Artificial neural network (ANN) model', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 32, pp. 284-290.
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Constructed wetlands are now commonly used as tertiary treatment for urban stormwater. The wetlands have primary advantage over other forms of treatment as they remove dissolved organics and heavy metals in conjunction with other pollutants. The effectiveness of a wetland is a primary concern for validating its compliance with design objectives and regulatory requirements. The treatment in a wetland is however complex and is dependent on input pollutants, hydraulics, physicochemical balance and biota within the wetland. Several models are available for wetlands but have limitations in simulating the physico-chemical and biological processes within the wetland. The aim of this paper is to introduce a hybrid modelling approach that involves both a deterministic model and artificial neural network (ANN) for testing the effectiveness of a constructed wetland at Olympic Park, Homebush, Sydney, Australia. This novel approach allows a combination of calibrated water quality and neural based models to predict the water quality from the wetland. The models were calibrated and validated using water quality monitoring data measured for eight months in both influent and effluent streams of the wetland. The calibrated hybrid models were then tested for treatment effectiveness for range of wet, dry and median flows conditions within the catchments. A water quality index was developed and used to quantify the effectiveness of the wetland.

Sinha, SN & Chaczko, ZC 2011, 'Socionomic Modelling In Wireless Sensor Networks', International Journal Of Electronics And Telecommunications, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 301-308.
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The performance and efficiency of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is typically subject to techniques used in data routing, clustering, and localization. Being primarily driven by resource constraints, a Socionomic model has been formulated to optimize re

Smith, DB, Hanlen, LW, Zhang, JA, Miniutti, D, Rodda, D & Gilbert, B 2011, 'First-and second-order statistical characterizations of the dynamic body area propagation channel of various bandwidths', Annals of Telecommunications, vol. 66, no. 3-4, pp. 187-203.
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Comprehensive statistical characterizations of the dynamic narrowband on-body area and on-body to off-body area channels are presented. These characterizations are based on real-time measurements of the time domain channel response at carrier frequencies near the 900- and 2,400-MHz industrial, scientific, and medical bands and at a carrier frequency near the 402-MHz medical implant communications band. We consider varying amounts of body movement, numerous transmit–receive pair locations on the human body, and various bandwidths. We also consider long periods, i.e., hours of everyday activity (predominantly indoor scenarios), for on-body channel characterization. Various adult human test subjects are used. It is shown, by applying the Akaike information criterion, that the Weibull and Gamma distributions generally fit agglomerates of received signal amplitude data and that in various individual cases the Lognormal distribution provides a good fit. We also characterize fade duration and fade depth with direct matching to second-order temporal statistics. These first- and second-order characterizations have important utility in the design and evaluation of body area communications systems.

Smith, W, Zhang, N & Hu, W 2011, 'Hydraulically interconnected vehicle suspension: handling performance', Vehicle System Dynamics, vol. 49, no. 1-2, pp. 87-106.
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This paper extends recent research on vehicles with hydraulically interconnected suspension (HIS) systems. Such suspension schemes have received considerable attention in the research community over the last few years. This is due, in part, to their reported ability to provide stiffness and damping rates dependent on the suspension mode of operation (i.e. the bounce, roll, pitch or articulation of the unsprung masses relative to the sprung mass), rather than relying on the stiffness and damping characteristics of the single wheel stations. The paper uses a nine-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) vehicle model and simulations of a fishhook manoeuvre to assess the handling performance of a vehicle when it is fitted with: (a) a conventional independent suspension, and (b) an HIS. In the case of the latter, the fluid subsystem is modelled using a nonlinear finite-element approach, resulting in a set of coupled, first-order nonlinear differential equations, which describe the dynamics of the integrated mechanicalhydraulic vehicle system. The simulation results indicate that, in general, the HIS-equipped vehicle possesses superior handling, as measured by the sprung mass roll angle, roll rate, roll acceleration, lateral acceleration and the vehicleâs Rollover Critical Factor. The potential effects of the suspension set-up on ride performance are also considered by studying the transient response when one side of the vehicle traverses a half-sine bump. The obtained results are then discussed, and it is shown that they are consistent with previous findings, both by the authors and other researchers. The presented work outlines an alternative approach for studying the dynamics of HIS-equipped vehicles, particularly suited to analyses in the time domain.

Sobala, A & Hutvagner, GJ 2011, 'Transfer RNA-derived fragments: origins, processing, and functions', WIREs RNA, vol. 2, no. November/December, pp. 853-862.
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Deep sequencing approaches have revealed multiple types of small RNAs with known and unknown functions. In this review we focus on a recently identified group of smallRNAsthat are derived from transferRNAs(tRNAs), tRNAfragments (tRFs). We review the mechanism of their processing and their functions in mammalian cells, and highlight points of possible cross-talk between tRFs and the canonical small RNA pathway characterized by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). We also propose a nomenclature that is based on their processing characteristics.  2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. WIREs RNA 2011 2 853â862 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.96

Sohaib, O & Khan, K 2011, 'Incorporating Discount Usability in Extreme Programming', International Journal of Software Engineering and its Applications, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 51-62.
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Song, S, Chen, L & Yu, JX 2011, 'Answering Frequent Probabilistic Inference Queries in Databases', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 512-526.
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Sparks, RS, Sutton, G, Toscas, P & Ormerod, JT 2011, 'Modelling inverse Gaussian data with censored response values: EM versus MCMC', Advances in Decision Sciences, vol. 2011.
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Low detection limits are common in measure environmental variables. Building models using data containing low or high detection limits without adjusting for the censoring produces biased models. This paper offers approaches to estimate an inverse Gaussian distribution when some of the data used are censored because of low or high detection limits. Adjustments for the censoring can be made if there is between 2% and 20% censoring using either the EM algorithm or MCMC. This paper compares these approaches. Copyright © 2011 R. S. Sparks et al.

Su, M-T, Chen, C-H, Lin, C-J & Lin, C-T 2011, 'A Rule-Based Symbiotic MOdified Differential Evolution for Self-Organizing Neuro-Fuzzy Systems', APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 4847-4858.
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Su, Y, Wu, C & Griffth, MC 2011, 'Modelling of the bond-slip behavior in FRP reinforced masonry', CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 328-334.
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Sun, Y, Moritz, J & Zhu, X 2011, 'Multistandard Analogue Baseband Filters for Software-Defined and Cognitive Radio Receivers', CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 755-774.
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Sun, Y, Zhang, Y, Song, Y & Dutkiewicz, E 2011, 'Fast RSVP: Efficient RSVP Mobility Support for Mobile IPv6', WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 769-807.
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Tadkaew, N, Hai, FI, McDonald, JA, Khan, SJ & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Removal of trace organics by MBR treatment: The role of molecular properties', WATER RESEARCH, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 2439-2451.
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Talaei-Khoei, A, Solvoll, T, Ray, P & Parameshwaran, N 2011, 'Policy-based Awareness Management (PAM): Case study of a wireless communication system at a hospital', Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 84, no. 10, pp. 1791-1805.
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The present paper evaluates the use of software agents to identify relevance of information, called awareness. This evaluation is based on existing policies and scenarios in the context of wireless communication of a hospital in Norway. The study is to address the lack of literature for experimental studies on a method to employ software agents for awareness identification. Research in computer supported cooperative work indicates the significant contributions of software agents to assist individuals. There are bodies of work that show awareness provides the means for software agents in which effective cooperation can take place. In addition, the role of the methods to identify awareness is emphasized in the literature of both computer supported cooperative work and software agents. This paper explains a step-wise process, called Policy-based Awareness Management, which allows agents to use policies as a source to identify awareness and thus change their behaviors accordingly. The contribution of this method is based on the concepts proposed by the logic of general awareness. The present study applies Directory Enabled Networks-next generation as the policy structure for the method. The paper evaluates the process via its application to identify the relevance of information in wireless communication scenarios in a hospital. The present study conducts observations, interviews and discussions on the wireless communication system of the hospital to identify the different scenarios happening in the system. The paper presents a set of simulations on these scenarios and concludes that the method is effective and cost-efficient.

Tang, F, Tang, C, Guo, M, Yu, S & Guo, S 2011, 'A shadow-Like task migration model based on context semantics for mobile and pervasive environments', Computing and Informatics, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 1131-1146.
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Pervasive computing is a user-centric mobile computing paradigm, in which tasks should be migrated over different platforms in a shadow-like way when users move around. In this paper, we propose a context-sensitive task migration model that recovers program states and rebinds resources for task migrations based on context semantics through inserting resource description and state description sections in source programs. Based on our model, we design and develop a task migration framework xMozart which extends the Mozart platform in terms of context awareness. Our approach can recover task states and rebind resources in the context-aware way, as well as support multi- modality I/O interactions. The extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach can migrate tasks by resuming them from the last broken points like shadows moving along with the users.

Tang, M, Zhou, Y, Li, J, Wang, W, Cui, P, Hou, Y, Luo, Z, Li, J, Lei, F & Yan, B 2011, 'Exploring The Wild Birds' Migration Data For The Disease Spread Study Of H5N1: A Clustering And Association Approach', Knowledge And Information Systems, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 227-251.
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Knowledge about the wetland use of migratory bird species during the annual life circle is very interesting to biologists, as it is critically important in many decision-making processes such as for conservation site construction and avian influenza control. The raw data of the habitat areas and the migration routes are usually in large scale and with high complexity when they are determined by high-tech GPS satellite telemetry. In this paper, we convert these biological problems into computational studies and introduce efficient algorithms for the data analysis. Our key idea is the concept of hierarchical clustering for migration habitat localizations, and the notion of association rules for the discovery of migration routes from the scattered location points in the GIS. One of our clustering results is a tree structure, specially called spatial-tree, which is an illusive map depicting the breeding and wintering home range of bar-headed geese. A related result to this observation is an association pattern that reveals a high possibility that bar-headed geese's potential autumn migration routes are likely between the breeding sites in the Qinghai Lake, China and the wintering sites in Tibet river valley. Given the susceptibility of geese to spread H5N1, and on the basis of the chronology and the rates of the bar-headed geese migration movements, we can conjecture that bar-headed geese play an important role in the spread of the H5N1 virus at a regional scale in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Tanvir, H, Rahman, BMA, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A & Grattan, KTV 2011, 'Evolution of highly confined surface plasmon modes in terahertz quantum cascade laser waveguides', Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 29, pp. 2116-2125.
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Tarini, M, Puppo, E, Panozzo, D, Pietroni, N & Cignoni, P 2011, 'Simple quad domains for field aligned mesh parametrization', ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 1-1.
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Thornton, BS, Thornton-Benko, E & Groen, L 2011, 'Interacting psycho-economics expectations ratios with equity/debt realities suggests a crisis warning method', Bioautomation, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 215-222.
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The recent April 2011 meeting of the G20 countries considered possible development of a global early warning system to avoid any future financial crisis. Psycho-economic factors are strong drivers of greed, fear and non-rational behavior and experience shows that they should not be excluded from such a project. Rational, logical behavior for attitude and actions has been an assumption in most financial models prior to the advent of the 2008 crisis. In recent years there has been an increasing interest in relating financial activity to phenomena in physics, turbulence, neurology and recent fMRI experiments show that cortical interactions for decisions are affected by previous experience.

Tian, X & Tao, D 2011, 'Visual Reranking: From Objectives To Strategies', I E E E MultiMedia Magazine, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 12-20.
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A study of the development of visual reranking methods can facilitate an understanding of the field, offer a clearer view of what has been achieved, and help overcome emerging obstacles in this area.

Tijing, LD, Jung, MY, Kim, D & Kim, CS 2011, 'Deposition Behavior of Self-Assembled Monolayers and Bacteria on Metallic Surfaces Using an Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Nanobalance', Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1354-1358.
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This paper presents an investigation on the deposition behavior of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and bacteria on titanium and gold surfaces using an electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance (EQCN). The tests included alkanethiol and alkanesilane and three bacteria, namely: E. coli, P. fluorescens and K. aerogenes. The mass change with respect to immersion time was measured by EQCN. The results showed SAM formation on both titanium and gold surfaces, but SAM formation on gold was generally higher by 26–74% as compared to that of titanium. On the other hand, bacteria also adhered well on the two metal surfaces. E. coliand P. fluorescens had high affinity on gold and titanium surfaces, respectively, while K. aerogenes was more adherent to titanium. The results showed that titanium and gold are good metals for biomaterials yet at the same time, their bioinert property provide excellent condition for bacterial adhesion. Therefore, there is a need for proper surface preparation to optimize the use of titanium and gold as biomaterials

Tijing, LD, Lee, D, Kim, D, Cho, YI & Kim, CS 2011, 'Effect of high-frequency electric fields on calcium carbonate scaling', Desalination, vol. 279, no. 1, pp. 47-53.
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The present study conducted an investigation on the effect of high-frequency electric fields (HFEF) in calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scale formation on heated copper tube surfaces. Artificial hard water at varying CaCO3 hardness was used. Calcium carbonate scales were formed on a heated copper tube surface, the fouling thermal resistance was calculated, and the calcium content of the deposited CaCO3 scale was measured by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), and the cooling water was analyzed during the scaling process. No-treatment and HFEF-treatment cases were conducted and compared. The calcium content of the deposited scale dropped by 4–49% in HFEF-treatment case. The lower calcium content of the deposit corresponded to thinner deposits. Water analyses showed consistently lesser percentage drop in HFEF-treatment case primarily due to less fouling deposition. The asymptotic fouling thermal resistance in HFEF-treatment case had a maximum decrease of 88% (i.e., from 4.5 × 10− 4 to 5.4 × 10− 5 m2K/W).

Tijing, LD, Yu, M, Kim, C, Amarjargal, A, Lee, YC, Lee, D, Kim, D & Kim, CS 2011, 'Mitigation of scaling in heat exchangers by physical water treatment using zinc and tourmaline', APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 2025-2031.
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Tjhi, W-C, Lee, KK, Hung, T, Tsang, IW-H, Ong, YS, Bard, F & Racine, V 2011, 'Exploratory analysis of cell-based screening data for phenotype identification in drug-siRNA study.', International Journal of Computational Biology and Drug Design, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 194-215.
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Most phenotype-identification methods in cell-based screening assume prior knowledge about expected phenotypes or involve intricate parameter-setting. They are useful for analysis targeting known phenotype properties; but need exists to explore, with minimum presumptions, the potentially-interesting phenotypes derivable from data. We present a method for this exploration, using clustering to eliminate phenotype-labelling requirement and GUI visualisation to facilitate parameter-setting. The steps are: outlier-removal, cell clustering and interactive visualisation for phenotypes refinement. For drug-siRNA study, we introduce an auto-merging procedure to reduce phenotype redundancy. We validated the method on two Golgi apparatus screens and showcase its contribution for better understanding of screening-images.

Toellner, T, Zehetleitner, M, Gramann, K & Mueller, HJ 2011, 'Stimulus Saliency Modulates Pre-Attentive Processing Speed in Human Visual Cortex', PLOS ONE, vol. 6, no. 1.
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Tomamichel, M & Renner, R 2011, 'Uncertainty Relation for Smooth Entropies', PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol. 106, no. 11.
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Tomamichel, M, Schaffner, C, Smith, A & Renner, R 2011, 'Leftover Hashing Against Quantum Side Information', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY, vol. 57, no. 8, pp. 5524-5535.
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Tran, B, Nguyen, N, Nguyen, V, Center, J, Eisman, J & Nguyen, T 2011, 'Genetic Profiling And Individualized Prognosis Of Fracture', Journal Of Bone And Mineral Research, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 414-419.
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Fragility fracture is a serious public health problem in the world. The risk of fracture is determined by genetic and nongenetic clinical risk factors. This study sought to quantify the contribution of genetic profiling to fracture prognosis. The study was built on the ongoing Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study, in which fracture and risk factors of 858 men and 1358 women had been monitored continuously from 1989 and 2008. Fragility fracture was ascertained by radiologic reports. Bone mineral density at the femoral neck was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fifty independent genes with allele frequencies ranging from 0.01 to 0.60 and relative risks (RRs) ranging from 1.01 to 3.0 were simulated. Three predictive models were fitted to the data in which fracture was a function of (1) clinical risk factors only, (2) genes only, and (3) clinical risk factors and 50 genes. The area under the curve (AUC) for model 1 was 0.77, which was lower than that of model II (AUC - 0.82). Adding genes into the clinical risk factors model (model 3) increased the AUC to 0.88 and improved the accuracy of fracture classification by 45%, with most (41%) improvement in specificity. In the presence of clinical risk factors, the number of genes required to achieve an AUC of 0.85 was around 25. These results suggest that genetic profiling could enhance the predictive accuracy of fracture prognosis and help to identify high-risk individuals for appropriate management of osteoporosis or intervention.

Tran, T & Ha, QP 2011, 'Networked Control Systems with Accumulative Quadratic Constraint', Electronics Letters, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 108-110.
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Presented is a newly developed stability condition used as the stability constraint for the model predictive control of networked control systems in an imperfect data environment. The closed-loop stability is established in real time based on the evolvement of input and output correlations prescribed in the accumulative quadratic constraint.

Tran, T, Agbinya, JI & Al-Jumaily, A 2011, 'Per node deployment based detection of controlled link establishment attack in distributed sensor networks', International Journal of Sensor Networks, vol. 9, no. 3-4, pp. 192-208.
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The great majority of processes in distributed sensor networks, such as data aggregation methods, routing protocols, distributed voting schemes, misbehaviour detection systems, and so on, can only be accomplished via collaborative efforts of sensor nodes. However, the success of these processes is undermined by an attack termed controlled link establishment attack whose goal is to gain significant portion or even full control of distributed sensor networks through the controlled link establishment. This attack can be exemplified by node replication attack and key-swapping collusion attack based on their final attack goal. Thus countermeasures against the two latter attacks can be utilised as remedies for the controlled link establishment attack. Despite the fact that a growing body of such countermeasures has been proposed over recent years, each of them exposes its own limitations such as high performance overheads, unsound assumptions, and security weaknesses. Therefore, we propose a series of evolutionary schemes comprising naïve, adaptive, and extended schemes in this paper to overcome those limitations. The first two schemes are designed to be light-weight in performance at the cost of slightly weaker security robustness while the extended scheme obtains much greater security by trading off small performance. Theoretical analyses, simulations, and extensive comparison with other schemes have been conducted to demonstrate the plausibility of our schemes with respect to security features and performance overheads.

Tran, T, Hoang, TD, Ha, QP & Nguyen, HT 2011, 'Stabilising agent design for the control of interconnected systems', International Journal of Control, vol. 84, no. 6, pp. 1140-1156.
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This article presents a new control design strategy for stabilising large-scale interconnected systems operating in semi-automatic control modes. The large-scale system is modelled by subsystems connected to each other in an arbitrary configuration. Each subsystem is regulated by a dedicated multivariable controller that also allows for a manual control mode. The notion of asymptotically positive realness constraint (APRC) is introduced and applied for deriving the interconnection stabilisability condition in the time domain. The interactions between subsystems are taken into consideration in the stability condition. The APRC is subsequently employed in the so-called stabilising agent to accommodate the closed-loop control and man-in-the-loop coexistence. The multipliers of the APRC quadratic supply rate are updated on-the-fly to ensure that the constraint satisfaction of stabilising agents is recursively feasible. The stabilising agents are developed independently from the control law under the same auspice controller. Due to this independence, operational errors from the manual control adjustments, that may destabilise the control systems, can be avoided. The decentralised agents render stabilising bounds for the manipulated variables in the automatic control mode, and at the same time, provide warning signals and manipulation guidance for the operators to prevent possible plant-wide destabilisation in the manual control mode. Our main results are illustrated through numerical simulations for an industrial modular system.

Tran, TP, Nguyen, T, Tsai, PC & Kong, X 2011, 'BSPNN: boosted subspace probabilistic neural network for email security', Artificial Intelligence Review, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 369-382.
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Detailed information on ACM DL web site: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1969389.1969400 "BSPNN: boosted subspace probabilistic neural network for email security"

Tu, KL, Chivas, AR & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Effects of membrane fouling and scaling on boron rejection by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes', DESALINATION, vol. 279, no. 1-3, pp. 269-277.
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Tu, KL, Nghiem, LD & Chivas, AR 2011, 'Coupling effects of feed solution pH and ionic strength on the rejection of boron by NF/RO membranes', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, vol. 168, no. 2, pp. 700-706.
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Tune, P & Veitch, D 2011, 'Fisher information in flow size distribution estimation', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 57, pp. 7011-7035.
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Turini, G, Pietroni, N, Megali, G, Ganovelli, F, Pietrabissa, A & Mosca, F 2011, 'New techniques for computer-based simulation in surgical training', International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, vol. 5, pp. 303-316.

Valipour Goudarzi, H & Crews, KI 2011, 'Efficient Finite Element Modelling Of Timber Beams Strengthened With Bonded Fibre Reinforced Polymers', Construction And Building Materials, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 3291-3300.
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This paper presents development and application of a simple and efficient frame finite element (FE) able to estimate the load-carrying capacity of timber beams flexurally strengthened with externally bonded fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) strips and near-surface mounted FRP bars. The developed element is able to model collapse due to timber crushing under compression, timber fracture under tension and FRP rupture and it is developed in the framework of a flexibility-based fibre element formulation. Furthermore, a novel method based on central difference method in conjunction with composite Simpson's integration scheme along the element axis is developed to take account of shear-slip. The developed model is employed to predict the loading capacity and the applied load-mid span deflection response of timber beams strengthened with FRP and the numerically simulated responses agree well with the corresponding experimental results. The major features of this frame FE are its simplicity and efficiency compared with more complex and computationally expensive FEs which makes it a suitable tool for practical use in design-oriented parametric studies.

van den Hoven, E & Mazalek, A 2011, 'Grasping gestures: Gesturing with physical artefacts', Artificial Intelligence For Engineering Design, Analysis And Manufacturing, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 255-271.
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Gestures play an important role in communication. They support the listener, who is trying to understand the speaker. However, they also support the speaker by facilitating the conceptualization and verbalization of messages and reducing cognitive load. Gestures thus play an important role in collaboration and also in problem-solving tasks. In human-computer interaction, gestures are also used to facilitate communication with digital applications, because their expressive nature can enable less constraining and more intuitive digital interactions than conventional user interfaces. Although gesture research in the social sciences typically considers empty-handed gestures, digital gesture interactions often make use of handheld objects or touch surfaces to capture gestures that would be difficult to track in free space. In most cases, the physical objects used to make these gestures serve primarily as a means of sensing or input. In contrast, tangible interaction makes use of physical objects as embodiments of digital information. The physical objects in a tangible interface thus serve as representations as well as controls for the digital information they are associated with. Building on this concept, gesture interaction has the potential to make use of the physical properties of hand-held objects to enhance or change the functionality of the gestures made. In this paper, we look at the design opportunities that arise at the intersection of gesture and tangible interaction. We believe that gesturing while holding physical artifacts opens up a new interaction design space for collaborative digital applications that is largely unexplored. We provide a survey of gesture interaction work as it relates to tangible and touch interaction. Based on this survey, we define the design space of tangible gesture interaction as the use of physical devices for facilitating, supporting, enhancing, or tracking gestures people make for digital interaction purposes, and outline the ...

Van Geel, T, Nguyen, N, Geusens, P, Center, J, Nguyen, T, Dinant, G & Eisman, J 2011, 'Development Of A Simple Prognostic Nomogram For Individualising 5-Year And 10-Year Absolute Risks Of Fracture: A Population-Based Prospective Study Among Postmenopausal Women', Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 92-97.
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OBJECTIVES: Previous fracture prediction models have been based on the assumption of a stable risk of subsequent fractures over time. The aim of the present work was to develop a nomogram for prediction of 5-year and 10-year individualised absolute fracture risks for postmenopausal women taking into account the time relation between fractures. METHODS: A population-based prospective study was performed in 23 general practice centres located in the southern part of The Netherlands. At baseline (1992-1994), 4203 postmenopausal women between 50 and 80 years participated and 2372 of them also participated 10 years later. Baseline measurements included lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) and clinical risk factor evaluation. The incidence of fractures was ascertained. Bayesian model averaging and Cox's proportional hazards model were used. RESULTS: After enrolment, 382 (16.1%) women had a clinical fracture. Fracture risk was associated with advancing age (HR 1.09 per SD (5 years); 95% CI 1.01 to 1.17), lumbar spine BMD (HR 1.23 per -1 SD; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.37) and a prior fracture, with HR 3.27 (95% CI 2.50 to 4.30) for a recent prior fracture (5 years previously). Women with a recent prior fracture had 66% higher risk of an incident fracture than those with a non-recent prior fracture (HR 1.66; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.40). CONCLUSIONS: The nomogram developed can help doctors to inform patients more effectively and thus better manage patient care by providing an individualised fracture risk taking into account the time relationship for fractures.

van Staden, AJ, Zhang, J & Xia, X 2011, 'A model predictive control strategy for load shifting in a water pumping scheme with maximum demand charges', APPLIED ENERGY, vol. 88, no. 12, pp. 4785-4794.
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Vidal Calleja, TA, Berger, C, Sola, J & Lacroix, S 2011, 'Large Scale Multiple Robot Visual Mapping With Heterogeneous Landmarks In Semi-structured Terrain', Robotics And Autonomous Systems, vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 654-674.
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This paper addresses the cooperative localization and visual mapping problem with multiple heterogeneous robots. The approach is designed to deal with the challenging large semi-structured outdoors environments in which aerial/ground ensembles are to evo

Walker, PD & Zhang, N 2011, 'Parameter study of synchroniser mechanisms applied to Dual Clutch Transmissions', International Journal of Powertrains, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 198-220.
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The modelling, simulation and analysis of a synchroniser mechanism as a component of wet Dual Clutch Transmissions (DCT) is presented in this paper. Mechanism engagement is demonstrated using rigid body models with a detailed drag torque model, to establish its variation over the process. Dimensionless equivalent cone and chamfer torques are used to study the impact of drag torque from a design perspective, and parameter studies performed to verify this method. Outcomes suggest the high dependency of speed synchronisation on both cone angle and friction coefficient, while the chamfer torque are highly dependent on chamfer angle, but not friction coefficient.

Walker, PD, Zhang, N & Tamba, RT 2011, 'Control Of Gear Shifts In Dual Clutch Transmission Powertrains', Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1923-1936.
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To achieve the best possible responses during shifting in dual clutch transmissions it is commonplace to integrate clutch and engine control, while the clutch is used to match speeds between the engine and wheels via reduction gears, poor engine control

Walker, PD, Zhang, N, Tamba, RT & Fitzgerald, SP 2011, 'Simulations of drag torque affecting synchronisers in a dual clutch transmission', Japan Journal of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 119-140.
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Drag torque contributes significantly to the engagement of synchronisers in vehicle transmissions. Little is understood of how drag torque varies during transient engagement. Considerable analysis, however, has shown it affects engagement and can cause the mechanism to fail. To demonstrate the significance of the role that drag torque plays during synchroniser engagement in a wet clutch dual clutch transmission numerical models of the mechanism and drag torque are developed. This includes torsional resistances from bearings, gear windage and friction, viscous shear in the concentrically aligned shafts and thewet clutch pack. Simulations are performed in Matlab® to evaluate the drag torques acting on the mechanism. The results of simulations using this model demonstrate that the drag torque is dominated by the viscous drag in the wet clutch. Furthermore simulations demonstrate the nonlinear nature of this torque, and the peak drag torque is identified as being significantly larger that typical estimations.

Walsh, KM, Choi, M, Oberg, K, Kulke, MH, Yao, JC, Wu, C, Jurkiewicz, M, Hsu, LI, Hooshmand, SM, Hassan, M, Janson, ET, Cunningham, JL, Vosburgh, E, Sackler, RS, Lifton, RP, DeWan, AT & Hoh, J 2011, 'A pilot genome-wide association study shows genomic variants enriched in the non-tumor cells of patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the ileum', Endocrine-Related Cancer, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 171-180.
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Genetic studies of midgut carcinoid cancer have exclusively focused on genomic changes of the tumor cells. We investigated the role of constitutional genetic polymorphisms in predisposing individuals to ileal carcinoids. In all, 239 cases and 110 controls were collected fromthree institutions: the Uppsala University Hospital; the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; and the MD Anderson Cancer Center, and were genotyped using microarrays assaying >300 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Association with rs2208059 in KIF16B approached statistical significance (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio=2.42, P=4.16×10 -7 ) at a Bonferroni-corrected level (<1.62×10 -7 ). Using two computational algorithms, four copy-number variants (CNVs) were identified in multiple cases that were absent in study controls and markedly less frequent in ∼1500 population-based controls. Of these four constitutional CNVs identified in blood-derived DNA, a 40 kb heterozygous deletion in Chr18q22.1 corresponded with a region frequently showing loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in ileal carcinoid tumor cells based on our meta-analysis of previously published cytogenetic studies (69.7% LOH, 95% confidence interval =60.0-77.9%). We analyzed the constitutional 40 kb deletion on chr18 in our study samples with a real-time quantitative PCR assay; 14/226 cases (6.19%) and 2/97 controls (2.06%) carried the CNV, although the exact boundaries of each deletion have not been determined. Given the small sample size, our findings warrant an independent cohort for a replication study. Owing to the rarity of this disease, we believe these results will provide a valuable resource for future work on this serious condition by allowing others to make efficient use of their samples in targeted studies. © 2011 Society for Endocrinology Printed in Great Britain.

Wang, J, Chi, D, Wu, J & Lu, H 2011, 'Chaotic Time Series Method Combined With Particle Swarm Optimization And Trend Adjustment For Electricity Demand Forecasting', Expert Systems With Applications, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 8419-8429.
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Electricity demand forecasting plays an important role in electric power systems planning. In this paper, nonlinear time series modeling technique is applied to analyze electricity demand. Firstly, the phase space, which describes the evolution of the be

Wang, J, Li, G, Yu, JX & Feng, J 2011, 'Entity matching: How similar is similar', Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 622-633.
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Entity matching that finds records referring to the same entity is an important operation in data cleaning and integration. Existing studies usually use a given similarity function to quantify the similarity of records, and focus on devising index structures and algorithms for efficient entity matching. However it is a big challenge to define "how similar is similar" for real applications, since it is rather hard to automatically select appropriate similarity functions. In this paper we attempt to address this problem. As there are a large number of similarity functions, and even worse thresholds may have infinite values, it is rather expensive to find appropriate similarity functions and thresholds. Fortunately, we have an observation that different similarity functions and thresholds have redundancy, and we have an opportunity to prune inappropriate similarity functions. To this end, we propose effective optimization techniques to eliminate such redundancy, and devise efficient algorithms to find the best similarity functions. The experimental results on both real and synthetic datasets show that our method achieves high accuracy and outperforms the baseline algorithms.

Wang, QL, Hao, XD & Cao, YL 2011, 'Enriched experiment and endogenous processes of glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs)', Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 1034-1041.
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Cell decay is an important part of microbiological endogenous processes, which consists of cell death (reduction in the amount of active bacteria) and activity decay (reduction in the specific activity of active bacteria). By means of measuring maximal anaerobic volatile fatty acid (VFA) uptake rates (VFAUR), analyzing 16S rRNA with fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and observing membrane integrity by live/dead staining, the aerobic decay characteristics of glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) in an enriched GAOs sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system were investigated. It was experimentally identified that a highly enriched culture of GAOs (94%) was obtained by maintaining the temperature at 30°C in the SBR and a high m (COD): m (P) at 100 in the feed. The experimental results and calculations revealed that the decay and death rates of GAOs were 0.132 d -1 and 0.034 d -1 respectively, which demonstrated that cell death and activity decay accounted for respective 26% and 74% of the total GAOs cell decay. For this reason, cell death was only a minor factor causing the cell decay of GAOs, and activity decay was mostly responsible for this process.

Wang, S, Huettner, J, Waadt, A, Ziroff, A & Jung, P 2011, 'Quality of service parameters optimization in multi user Ultra Wideband systems', International Journal of Multimedia Technology.

Wang, X, Li, Z & Tao, D 2011, 'Subspaces Indexing Model On Grassmann Manifold For Image Search', IEEE Transactions On Image Processing, vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 2627-2635.
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Conventional linear subspace learning methods like principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) derive subspaces from the whole data set. These approaches have limitations in the sense that they are linear while the data distrib

Wang, X, Li, Z & Tao, D 2011, 'Subspaces Indexing Model on Grassmann Manifold for Image Search (vol 20, pg 2627, 2011)', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING, vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 3658-3658.
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Wang, X, Wang, Z, Xu, X & Liu, Y 2011, 'A service composition method for tradeoff between satisfactions of multiple requirements', Jisuanji Yanjiu yu Fazhan/Computer Research and Development, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 627-637.
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Service composition is effective in constructing value-added service rapidly for service-oriented applications. Existing selection models for composite services rely severely on assumptions that customers' each requirement is raised alone, while in reality, service requirements can be numerous in practical applications. And when a small time slide is focused on, multiple requirements can be seen as concurrent and service sets involved by sub-solutions corresponding to each individual requirement have intersections, resulting in competitions or sharing of certain services between requirements. Therefore, current single requirement-oriented methods can not deal with the situation that multiple service requirements arrive concurrently competing for services. This paper presents a multiple service requirements-oriented service composition model and algorithm. In the light that service can either be exclusive or sharable and decisive priority relations exist between all assessment factors, an assessment method based on confliction-avoidance scheduling and graded weighting priorities is put forward. On that basis, tradeoff strategies are proposed for genetic algorithm and a service composition method is put forward for tradeoff between satisfactions of multiple service requirements. Experiment results show that this method ensures proportionality of all sub-solutions and sub-optimal solutions can be gained efficiently by improving its coding manner. Compared with other possible strategies, it has proved superior applicability to different circumstances of quantity and quality of available services.

Wang, XC, Luo, L, Chen, R & Ngo, H 2011, 'Thermodynamic analysis of an urban water system with reclaimed water as supplemental water resource', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 32, pp. 307-315.
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The natural water system maintains its dynamic equilibrium through a hydrological cycle that involves a series of natural processes. Such a natural water cycle has been much disturbed by human activities in the process of water use. An urban water system was thus modeled in this paper as a series of artificial water cycles overlaid upon the natural water cycle. The system was thermodynamically analyzed by calculating the entropy budget as ÎS = ÎiS + ÎeS where ÎiS and ÎeS are the entropy increases due to natural and artificial contributions, respectively. The natural water cycle free from human disturbance should possess the nature of self maintenance of water and materials balance and could be assumed as a pseudo-reversible process with ÎiS 0. ÎeS was then supposed as to be contributed by artificial disturbances on water quantity such as by water withdrawal, and on water quality such as by pollutant discharge. A series of models were developed for calculating ÎeS. As a result of scenario analysis of urban water system in Xi'an, a metropolitan in northwestern China, using these models, it was indicated that under the current condition of water supply and wastewater treatment, if 20% of the treated wastewater could be reused, ÎeS would be decreased by 15.22% from the current level, while if the percent of treated wastewater reuse could be increased to 40%, ÎeS would be decreased by 29.93%. Thermodynamic analysis thus provided a tool for quantitative evaluation of the effect of urban wastewater reclamation and reuse.

Wang, Y & Luo, Z 2011, 'A meshless level set method for shape and topology optimization', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 308, no. 310, pp. 1046-1049.
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This paper proposes a meshless Galerkin level set method for structural shape and topology optimization of continua. Design boundary is represented through the introduction of a scalar level set function as its zero level set. Compactly supported radial basis functions (CSRBFs) are used to parameterize level set function and construct the meshless shape functions. The meshless Galerkin global weak form is employed to implement the discretization of the state equations. This provides a pathway to simplify the numerical procedures in most conventional level set by unifying the two different stages just in terms of one set of scattered nodes. The proposed level set method has the capability of describing the implicit moving boundaries without remeshing for discontinuities. One benchmark example is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Wang, Y & Luo, Z 2011, 'CFD Modeling of Flow Performance inside Subsonic Centrifugal Compressor', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 291-294, pp. 251-254.
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Centrifugal Compressors, which offer good flow stability, compact size and high stage pressure ratio, have been widely used in helicopter engines and sometime served as high pressure stage in small turbojet engines. In this paper, a method of developing a CFD model is presented for investigating the flow performance of a subsonic centrifugal compressor. The configuration used for the study is a subsonic centrifugal compressor which has a 60mm diameter impeller. A CFD modeling is carried out to obtain the performance and operational range of the compressor stage. The mesh independence studies were performed to provide confidence in the numerical results at operation speed. Particular emphasis is laid on the flow performance analysis with designed rotational speed of impeller

Wang, Y & Luo, Z 2011, 'Shape Control for Composite Structures of Photostrictive Actuators Using Topology Optimization Method', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 279, pp. 186-193.
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This paper aims to present an alternative design method for remote wireless shape control of laminated composite structures using topology optimization. The photostrictive material is introduced to implement the active control of the structure by making use of its photostriction mechanism, which is actually the superposition of photovoltaic effect and converse piezoelectric effect when exposed to the illumination of near ultraviolet light. The finite element formulation including multiphysics effects of photovoltaic, pyroelectric and thermal expansion is developed to model composite structures of ferroelectric materials, based on the Mindlin plate theory of first-order shear deformation. The topology optimization method is used to seek the optimal topologies for material layouts of both the smart actuation and elastic host layers. A typical numerical example is used to demonstrate the feasibility of this method in shape control of composite structures.

Wang, Y, Tao, D, Gao, X, Li, X & Wang, B 2011, 'Mammographic Mass Segmentation: Embedding Multiple Features In Vector-Valued Level Set In Ambiguous Regions', Pattern Recognition, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 1903-1915.
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Mammographic mass segmentation plays an important role in computer-aided diagnosis systems. It is very challenging because masses are always of low contrast with ambiguous margins, connected with the normal tissues, and of various scales and complex shap

Wang, Y, Wen, S, Cesare, S, Zhou, W & Xiang, Y 2011, 'Eliminating errors in worm propagation models', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 1022-1024.
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Research on worm propagation has been conducted for over a decade. However, traditional models overestimate the scale of the infected network that leads to propagation errors because of limited and inaccurate analysis of the propagation procedure between each pair of nodes in the network. This paper studies the propagation mechanism of the two main classes of worms: scanning worms (Code Red II) and nonreinfection email worms. We aim at eliminating overestimation in worm propagation modeling caused by errors. Through the analysis of the propagation procedure, we observe that the error is mainly caused by propagation cycles in the propagation path, which are usually ignored by traditional models. Our simulations and analysis show the fact that the existence of errors has non-negligible effect on worm propagation modeling. We quantify the error and propose a method to eliminate it. © 2011 IEEE.

Wang, Y, Wen, S, Cesare, S, Zhou, W & Xiang, Y 2011, 'The microcosmic model of worm propagation', Computer Journal, vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 1700-1720.
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Each year, large amounts of money and labor are spent on patching the vulnerabilities in operating systems and various popular software to prevent exploitation by worms. Modeling the propagation process can help us to devise effective strategies against those worms' spreading. This paper presents a microcosmic analysis of worm propagation procedures. Our proposed model is different from traditional methods and examines deep inside the propagation procedure among nodes in the network by concentrating on the propagation probability and time delay described by a complex matrix. Moreover, since the analysis gives a microcosmic insight into a worm's propagation, the proposed model can avoid errors that are usually concealed in the traditional macroscopic analytical models. The objectives of this paper are to address three practical aspects of preventing worm propagation: (i) where do we patch? (ii) how many nodes do we need to patch? (iii) when do we patch? We implement a series of experiments to evaluate the effects of each major component in our microcosmic model. Based on the results drawn from the experiments, for high-risk vulnerabilities, it is critical that networks reduce the number of vulnerable nodes to below 80%. We believe our microcosmic model can benefit the security industry by allowing them to save significant money in the deployment of their security patching schemes.

Wang, Y, Zhu, X, Hao, H & Ou, J 2011, 'Spectral Element Model Updating for Damage Identification Using Clonal Selection Algorithm', ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 837-856.
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Warkiani, ME, Chen, L, Lou, CP, Liu, HB, Zhang, R & Gong, HQ 2011, 'Capturing and recovering of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts with polymeric micro-fabricated filter', Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 369, no. 1-2, pp. 560-568.
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A novel High-Aspect-Ratio (HAR) polymeric micro-filter was micro-fabricated and validated for concentration and recovery of Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) oocysts from tap water. Perfectly ordered pores of the micro-filter were achieved by a high yield and cost effective dissolving mold technique. Obtained filter has micro structural features such as high pore density, uniform pore size, smooth surface, and straight pore path. Sample loading and back-flushing using the filter resulted in nearly 100% recovery of the C. parvum oocysts spiked. The micro-fabricated filter showed improved performance than current commercial filters in sample throughput, recovery ratio, and reusability. This research demonstrated the potential application of the micro-fabricated filter in monitoring C. parvum oocysts contamination in tap water supply system. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Warkiani, ME, Lou, CP & Gong, HQ 2011, 'Fabrication and characterization of a microporous polymeric micro-filter for isolation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts', Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 21, no. 3.
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A rapid and effective method to concentrate Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts present in large volumes of drinking water into smaller volumes is critical for accurate detection and quantification of C. parvum oocysts from drinking water. Filtration-based concentration techniques have been widely used to recover C. parvum oocysts into a small volume for downstream analysis. We present a rapid method for fabrication of a polymeric micro-filter with ordered pores and a smooth surface using UV lithography and MEMS technology. To support the filter membrane, we also developed a technique for integrated fabrication of a support mesh. We demonstrated that the filter is able to isolate the oocysts which can be further detected using fluorescent techniques. Sample loading and back-flushing using the micro-filter resulted in 95-99% recovery with a concentration ratio above 2000 of the spiked C. parvum oocysts, which showed significantly improved performance compared with current commercial filters. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Wattana, S & Sharma, D 2011, 'Electricity Industry Reforms in Thailand: An Analysis of Productivity', International Journal of Energy Sector Management, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 494-521.
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In the early 1990's the Thai government initiated a process of refrom of the electricity with the arguement that such reform would improve the performace of the industry and contribute to enhancing the overall economic prosperity. The purpose of theis papr, using analysis-based methodology, is to exame the veracity of this argeument by analysing both the technical and environmental perfoermace of the Thai electricity industry.

Weaver, M, Green, J, Petasecca, M, Lerch, MLF, Cutajar, D, Franklin, D, Jakubek, J, Carolan, MG, Conway, M, Pospisil, S, Kron, T, Metcalfe, P, Zaider, M & Rosenfeld, AB 2011, 'Three-dimensional dosimetry imaging of I-125 plaque for eye cancer treatment', NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT, vol. 633, pp. S276-S278.
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Wijesinghe, JS & Hong, G 2011, 'Effect of spark assistance on autoignition combustion in a small two-stroke engine', Proceedings Of The Institution Of Mechanical Engineers Part D-journal Of Automobile Engineering, vol. 225, no. 1, pp. 115-126.
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In this paper, a cyclic constitutive model is developed for high-strength concrete (HSC) confi ned by ultra-high-strength and normal-strength transverse reinforcements (UHSTR and NSTR), with the intention of providing effi cient modeling for the member and structural behaviour of HSC in seismic regions. The model for HSC subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading, comprises four components; an envelope curve (for monotonic and cyclic loading), an unloading curve, a reloading curve, and a tensile unloading curve. It explicitly accounts for the effects of concrete compressive strength, Volumetric ratio of transverse reinforcement, yield strength of ties, tie spacing, and tie pattern. Comparisons with test results showed that the proposed model provides a good fit to a wide range of experimental results.

Winkler, S, Tomamichel, M, Hengl, S & Renner, R 2011, 'Impossibility of Growing Quantum Bit Commitments', PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol. 107, no. 9.
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Wong, K-YK, Zhang, G & Chen, Z 2011, 'A Stratified Approach for Camera Calibration Using Spheres', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 305-316.
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Wu, C 2011, 'Special Issue on Protection of Structures against Blast Loading Introduction', JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTED FACILITIES, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 358-359.
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Wu, C & Zhou, Y 2011, 'Simplified analysis of foam cladding protected reinforced concrete slabs against blast loadings', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 351-366.
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Protection of infrastructure against blast loading has been receiving more attention in recent years due to occasional engineering explosion accidents, e.g., chemical plant explosion, and intentional man-made explosions, e.g., rising terrorist attacks. An effective solution to mitigate blast effects on these buildings is to protect them with sacrificial foam claddings for absorption of blast energy. However, little research has been conducted to analyze the effectiveness of metallic foam protected reinforced concrete (RC) structural members under airblast loads. This paper is to develop a numerical model to analyze the mitigation of blast effects on foam cladding protected RC members with consideration of interaction of blast load, foam layer and protected structural member. This numerical model is a simplified SDOF system where the deformability of the RC flexural member is considered in the form of the supporting spring. The stiffness of the spring K is estimated from the resistance deflection function of the RC member which is derived from combined moment curvature and moment rotation models. Material testing was conducted on aluminum foam specimens to obtain the stress stain curve which was idealised as a rigid-perfectly plastic-locking model. The resistance deflection curve of the RC slab and the idealised rigid-perfectly plastic-locking model for foam specimen were incorporated into the coupled SDOF interaction model for dynamic analysis. A field blast testing on foam protected RC slab was conducted and the accuracy of the coupled SDOF interaction model was validated by experimental data from the blast testing of the foam protected RC slab.

Wu, C, Dewan, A, Hoh, J & Wang, Z 2011, 'A Comparison of Association Methods Correcting for Population Stratification in Case-Control Studies', Annals of Human Genetics, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 418-427.
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Population stratification is an important issue in case-control studies of disease-marker association. Failure to properly account for population structure can lead to spurious association or reduced power. In this article, we compare the performance of six methods correcting for population stratification in case-control association studies. These methods include genomic control (GC), EIGENSTRAT, principal component-based logistic regression (PCA-L), LAPSTRUCT, ROADTRIPS, and EMMAX. We also include the uncorrected Armitage test for comparison. In the simulation studies, we consider a wide range of population structure models for unrelated samples, including admixture. Our simulation results suggest that PCA-L and LAPSTRUCT perform well over all the scenarios studied, whereas GC, ROADTRIPS, and EMMAX fail to correct for population structure at single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that show strong differentiation across ancestral populations. The Armitage test does not adjust for confounding due to stratification thus has inflated type I error. Among all correction methods, EMMAX has the greatest power, based on the population structure settings considered for samples with unrelated individuals. The three methods, EIGENSTRAT, PCA-L, and LAPSTRUCT, are comparable, and outperform both GC and ROADTRIPS in almost all situations. © 2011 The Authors Annals of Human Genetics © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/University College London.

Wu, C, Huang, L & Oehlers, DJ 2011, 'Blast Testing of Aluminum Foam-Protected Reinforced Concrete Slabs', JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTED FACILITIES, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 464-474.
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Wu, C, Yu, L & Zhou, Y 2011, 'Numerical analysis of metallic foam using microstructure model', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 499-514.
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It has become a critical issue that the human life and civil facility have been threatened by the increasing terroristic explosive attack. The application of cellular materials is an effective and feasible measure to mitigate blast and impact loading on buildings due to their energy absorption capacity. The Finite Element code such as LSDYNA has been used to simulate the mechanical behaviours of cellular materials. However, most of numerical models regarded the cellular materials as homogeneous materials on the macro level which may affect the accuracy of simulation, because none of them can reflect the pore structure of cellular materials, especially for the irregular metallic foam structures. Therefore, in this study, two main microstructure models (2D/3D metallic foam) were developed for numerical simulation of closed-cell metal. In the microstructure model of metallic foam, the cell walls were represented by thin shell elements and the solid wall material of the cells is modelled as bi-linear stressstrain relationship based on the material properties of the cell wall material of metallic foam. The numerical models were validated through comparing simulated results with analytical values of plateau phase stress-strain response under static condition. With the validated microstructure models, a series of parametric studies were conducted, in order to have a better understanding about the mechanical properties of closed-cell metallic foam. The emphases of this study were on the differences between static and dynamic performances of closed-cell metallic foam specimens in both 2D and 3D cases, the relationship between dynamic increase factor and nominal strain rate. © Multi-Science Publishing.

Wu, D, Ke, Y, Yu, JX, Yu, PS & Chen, L 2011, 'Leadership discovery when data correlatively evolve', WORLD WIDE WEB-INTERNET AND WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1-25.
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Wu, D, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2011, 'Similarity measure models and algorithms for hierarchical cases', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 15049-15056.
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Many business situations such as events, products and services, are often described in a hierarchical structure. When we use case-based reasoning (CBR) techniques to support business decision-making, we require a hierarchical-CBR technique which can effectively compare and measure similarity between two hierarchical cases. This study first defines hierarchical case trees (HC-trees) and discusses related features. It then develops a similarity evaluation model which takes into account all the information on nodes structures, concepts, weights, and values in order to comprehensively compare two hierarchical case trees. A similarity measure algorithm is proposed which includes a node concept correspondence degree computation algorithm and a maximum correspondence tree mapping construction algorithm, for HC-trees. We provide two illustrative examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical case similarity evaluation model and algorithms, and possible applications in CBR systems

Wu, J & Cai, Z 2011, 'Attribute weighting via differential evolution algorithm for attribute Weighted Naive Bayes (WNB)', Journal of Computational Information Systems, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 1672-1679.
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The naive Bayes (NB) is a popular classification technique for data mining and machine learning, which is based on the attribute independence assumption. Researchers have proposed out many effective methods to improve the performance of NB by lowering its primary weakness-the assumption that attributes are independent given the class, such as backwards sequential elimination method, lazy elimination method and so on. Recently, Mark Hall presents a simple filter method for setting attribute weights for naive Bayes and proposes a decision tree-based attribute weighted method. In his paper, the experimental results show that the new weighted method performs better than other weighted methods. That weighting idea is taken as the objective of our study in which we use differential evolution algorithms to determine the weights of attributes and then use these weights in our previously developed Weighted Naïve Bayes (WNB). We evaluate the performance of new configuration (DE-WNB) on the whole 36 standard UCI data sets in Weka system. We also compare it with the decision tree-based attribute weighted methods and other methods mentioned in Mark Hall' paper for those data sets. Our experimental results show that the classification accuracy of our new algorithm DE-WNB is much higher than those of the other algorithms used to compare. The obtained classification accuracy is very good with respect to other common WNB classifiers in literature. Copyright © 2011 Binary Information Press.

Wu, J & Cai, Z 2011, 'Learning averaged one-dependence estimators by attribute weighting', Journal of Information and Computational Science, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 1063-1073.
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Averaged One-Dependence Estimators (AODE) as the most effective improved Naive Bayes (NB) algorithm is a probabilistic classification learning technique. It addresses the attribute independence assumption of naive Bayes by averaging all of the dependence estimators. Researchers have proposed out many effective methods to improve the performance of AODE, such as attribute weighted method, backwards sequential elimination method, lazy elimination method and so on. In this paper, our research is focused on weighted method. We firstly present a new filter method for setting attribute weights for using with AODE, and we explore two attribute weighed methods: the gain ratio method and the correlation-based feature selection method for our new attribute weighted model via AODE. Then we present an improved algorithm based on the new weighted model called Decision Tree-based Attribute Weighted Averaged One-dependence Estimator, simply DTWAODE. In DTWAODE, the weight for an attribute is set according to its depth in the decision tree building on the training samples. We experimentally tested DTWAODE in Weka system, using the whole 36 standard UCI data sets. The experimental results show that our new attribute weighted model via AODE performance effectively. And our new algorithm based on the model performs better than other attributed weighted AODE algorithms used to compare. Copyright © 2011 Binary Information Press.

Wu, J, Cai, Z & Gao, Z 2011, 'Improved KNN-SMOreg algorithm and its application in predicting the amount of hematite from uranium', Yingyong Jichu yu Gongcheng Kexue Xuebao/Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 842-851.
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Hematite, as a typical alteration mineral, plays a very important role in uranium exploration. Traditional modeling method usually treats every feature with the same probability. However, this does not hold in many real world applications, which may also cause the reduction of the accuracy of prediction. We propose a novel method called WKNN-SMOreg, which weights the features according to the association of their attributes on the hybrid of KNN and SMOreg. In this way, the error caused by the features with lower association will be reduced. The experiment results show, compared with KNN, SVM and KNN-SMOreg, the novel method improves the accuracy of prediction, and reduces the negative impact of the noise, which also implies that the new method can be well applied in the prediction of alteration minerals.

Wu, J, Cai, ZH, Gao, ZC & Yu, C 2011, 'A novel SMOreg algorithm based on instance cloned and its research on spectral modeling for hydromica in uranium deposit', Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi/Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 1678-1682.
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Hydromica is a typical alteration mineral in granite-type uranium deposit, and also an important indication of uranium. The amount of hydromica to some extent reflects the strength of hydromicasization in uranium deposit. Because of the bad performance of the traditional modeling methods in prediction, in the present paper, the authors' adopt SMOreg in the spectral modeling for hydromica, and validate its effectiveness. The authors' also propose a novel method called ICSMOreg. In this method the authors' employ instance cloned method to learn the samples selected by having a strong affinity with the test sets, and then get the new samples into SMOreg to build the spectral model. Finally, we experimentally compare ICSMOreg with SMOreg, artificial neural network, model tree and the common modeling methods like linear regression, multiple linear regression. The result shows that the new method improves the accuracy of prediction, and also reduces the negative impact of noise.

Wu, L, He, H & Qiu, X 2011, 'An Active Impulsive Noise Control Algorithm With Logarithmic Transformation', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUDIO SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 1041-1044.
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Wu, S, Qiu, X & Wu, M 2011, 'Stereo Acoustic Echo Cancellation Employing Frequency-Domain Preprocessing and Adaptive Filter', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUDIO SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 614-623.
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Xia, X & Zhang, J 2011, 'Modeling and Control of Heavy-Haul Trains', IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 18-24.
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Xia, X, Zhang, J & Elaiw, A 2011, 'An application of model predictive control to the dynamic economic dispatch of power generation', CONTROL ENGINEERING PRACTICE, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 638-648.
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Xiang, Y & Zhou, W 2011, 'Special issue: Building secure parallel and distributed networks and systems', Computer Communications, vol. 34, no. 4, p. 525.
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Xiang, Y & Zhou, W 2011, 'Special Section: Trusted computing', Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 527-528.
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Xiang, Y, Hu, J & Zhou, W 2011, 'Editorial: Advances in network and system security', Computers and Security, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 295-296.
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Xiang, Y, Li, K & Zhou, W 2011, 'Low-rate DDoS attacks detection and traceback by using new information metrics', IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 426-437.
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A low-rate distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack has significant ability of concealing its traffic because it is very much like normal traffic. It has the capacity to elude the current anomaly-based detection schemes. An information metric can quantify the differences of network traffic with various probability distributions. In this paper, we innovatively propose using two new information metrics such as the generalized entropy metric and the information distance metric to detect low-rate DDoS attacks by measuring the difference between legitimate traffic and attack traffic. The proposed generalized entropy metric can detect attacks several hops earlier (three hops earlier while the order α = 10) than the traditional Shannon metric. The proposed information distance metric outperforms (six hops earlier while the order α = 10) the popular KullbackLeibler divergence approach as it can clearly enlarge the adjudication distance and then obtain the optimal detection sensitivity. The experimental results show that the proposed information metrics can effectively detect low-rate DDoS attacks and clearly reduce the false positive rate. Furthermore, the proposed IP traceback algorithm can find all attacks as well as attackers from their own local area networks (LANs) and discard attack traffic. © 2011 IEEE.

Xiang, Y, Lopez, J, Wang, H & Zhou, W 2011, 'Special issue: Securing distributed networks and systems', Concurrency Computation Practice and Experience, vol. 23, no. 12, pp. 1311-1312.
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Xiang, Y, Peng, D, Natgunanathan, I & Zhou, W 2011, 'Effective pseudonoise sequence and decoding function for imperceptibility and robustness enhancement in time-spread echo-based audio watermarking', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 2-13.
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This paper proposes an effective pseudonoise (PN) sequence and the corresponding decoding function for time-spread echo-based audio watermarking. Different from the traditional PN sequence used in time-spread echo hiding, the proposed PN sequence has two features. Firstly, the echo kernel resulting from the new PN sequence has frequency characteristics with smaller magnitudes in perceptually significant region. This leads to higher perceptual quality. Secondly, the correlation function of the new PN sequence has three times more large peaks than that of the existing PN sequence. Based on this feature, we propose a new decoding function to improve the robustness of time-spread echo-based audio watermarking. The effectiveness of the proposed PN sequence and decoding function is illustrated by theoretical analysis, simulation examples, and listening test. © 2010 IEEE.

Xiao, C, Wang, W, Lin, X, Yu, JX & Wang, G 2011, 'Efficient similarity joins for near-duplicate detection', ACM Transactions on Database Systems, vol. 36, no. 3.
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With the increasing amount of data and the need to integrate data from multiple data sources, one of the challenging issues is to identify near-duplicate records efficiently. In this article, we focus on efficient algorithms to find a pair of records such that their similarities are no less than a given threshold. Several existing algorithms rely on the prefix filtering principle to avoid computing similarity values for all possible pairs of records. We propose new filtering techniques by exploiting the token ordering information; they are integrated into the existing methods and drastically reduce the candidate sizes and hence improve the efficiency. We have also studied the implementation of our proposed algorithm in stand-alone and RDBMSbased settings. Experimental results show our proposed algorithms can outperform previous algorithms on several real datasets. © 2011 ACM.

Xiao, H, Qiu, J, Wang, S, Zhang, Q, Gong, W, Xin, Y, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2011, 'Analysis of Transient Overvoltage in 220 kV Saturated Core HTS FCL', IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 2620-2623.
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Saturated Core High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Fault Current Limiter (FCL) is one kind of limiters that can work effectively on short-circuit current limitation. In this paper, an equivalent circuit model depending on ac coil of HTS FCL is built for voltage distribution analysis under transient overvoltage. The equivalent circuit components, such as the capacitances and inductances, are calculated by using ?nite element method. The voltage distribution and oscillation analysis of ac coil may bene?t to the insulation design of HTS FCL.

Xiao, J, Li, W & Liu, Q 2011, 'Meso-level numerical simulation on mechanical properties of modeled recycled concrete under uniaxial compression', Tongji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tongji University, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 791-797.
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A modeled recycled concrete is proposed. According to the meso- and micro-level mechanics parameters and constitutive relationships of the five-phase medium materials of recycled concrete, the failure mechanism of recycled concrete is numerically simulated. An investigation is made into the replacement of recycled coarse aggregate, the strength of the new or old hardened cement paste, the thickness of the old hardened cement paste, and the strength of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) on the mechanical properties of modeled recycled concrete under uniaxial compression. The results indicate that the strength of the new and old hardened cement paste have a remarkable influence on the initial elastic modulus and peak stress. The thickness of the old cement paste has some certain influence on the initial elastic modulus and peak strain. Furthermore, the influence of the strength of interfacial transition zones on the initial elastic modulus, peak stress and peak strain is not distinctive.

Xie, B, Mu, Y, Tao, D & Huang, K 2011, 'm-SNE: Multiview Stochastic Neighbor Embedding', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 1088-1096.
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Dimension reduction has been widely used in real-world applications such as image retrieval and document classification. In many scenarios, different features (or multiview data) can be obtained, and how to duly utilize them is a challenge. It is not appropriate for the conventional concatenating strategy to arrange features of different views into a long vector. That is because each view has its specific statistical property and physical interpretation. Even worse, the performance of the concatenating strategy will deteriorate if some views are corrupted by noise. In this paper, we propose a multiview stochastic neighbor embedding (m-SNE) that systematically integrates heterogeneous features into a unified representation for subsequent processing based on a probabilistic framework. Compared with conventional strategies, our approach can automatically learn a combination coefficient for each view adapted to its contribution to the data embedding. This combination coefficient plays an important role in utilizing the complementary information in multiview data. Also, our algorithm for learning the combination coefficient converges at a rate of O(1/k2), which is the optimal rate for smooth problems. Experiments on synthetic and real data sets suggest the effectiveness and robustness of m-SNE for data visualization, image retrieval, object categorization, and scene recognition.

Xie, B, Wang, M & Tao, D 2011, 'Toward The Optimization Of Normalized Graph Laplacian', Ieee Transactions On Neural Networks, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 660-666.
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AbstractNormalized graph Laplacian has been widely used in many practical machine learning algorithms, e.g., spectral clustering and semisupervised learning. However, all of them use the Euclidean distance to construct the graph Laplacian, which does not necessarily reflect the inherent distribution of the data. In this brief, we propose a method to directly optimize the normalized graph Laplacian by using pairwise constraints. The learned graph is consistent with equivalence and nonequivalence pairwise relationships, and thus it can better represent similarity between samples. Meanwhile, our approach, unlike metric learning, automatically determines the scale factor during the optimization. The learned normalized Laplacian matrix can be directly applied in spectral clustering and semisupervised learning algorithms. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Xie, W-M, Zhang, R, Li, W-W, Ni, B-J, Fang, F, Sheng, G-P, Yu, H-Q, Song, J, Le, D-Z, Bi, X-J, Liu, C-Q & Yang, M 2011, 'Simulation and optimization of a full-scale Carrousel oxidation ditch plant for municipal wastewater treatment', BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, vol. 56, no. 1-2, pp. 9-16.
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Xing, W, Ngo, H, Guo, W, Listowski, A & Cullum, P 2011, 'Evaluation Of An Integrated Sponge - Granular Activated Carbon Fluidized Bed Bioreactor For Treating Primary Treated Sewage Effluent', Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5448-5453.
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An integrated fluidized bed bioreactor (iFBBR) was designed to incorporate an aerobic sponge FBBR (ASB-FBBR) into an anoxic granular activated carbon FBBR (GAC-FBBR). This iFBBR was operated with and without adding a new starch based flocculant (NSBF) to

Xu, D, Wijesooriya, C, Wang, Y-G & Beydoun, G 2011, 'Outbound logistics exception monitoring: A multi-perspective ontologies' approach with intelligent agents', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 13604-13611.
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Xu, G, Li, L, Zhang, Y, Yi, X & Kitsuregawa, M 2011, 'Modeling user hidden navigational behavior for Web recommendation', Web Intelligence and Agent Systems-An international journal, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 239-255.
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Web users exhibit a variety of navigational interests through clicking a sequence of Web pages. Analyses of Web usage data will lead to discovering Web user access patterns, and in turn, facilitating users to locate more preferable Web contents via collaborative recommendation techniques. In the context of Web usage mining, Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) based on probability inference provides a promising approach to capture not only user hidden navigational patterns, but also the associations between users, pages and hidden navigational patterns. The discovered user access patterns could be used as a usage reference base for identifying the new users access preferences and making usage-based collaborative Web recommendations. In this paper, we propose a novel usage-based Web recommendation framework, in which Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is employed to learn the underlying task space from the training Web log data and infer the task distribution for a target user via task inference. The main advantages of the adapted LDA model are its capabilities of efficiently learning the semantic usage information from the Web log data and effectively inferring the access preference of the target user even with a few Web clicks that might be unseen in the training data. In this paper, we also investigate the determination of an optimizing task number, which is another important problem commonly encountered in latent semantic analysis. Experiments conducted on a real Web log dataset show that this approach can achieve better recommendation performance in comparison to other existing techniques. And the discovered task-simplex expression can also provide a better interpretation for Web designers or users to better understand the user navigational preference.

Xu, W, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Wang, Y & Li, Y 2011, 'Performance Comparison of Drive Machines in Electrical Vehicles', Journal of Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 115-120.

Xu, W, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y, Guo, Y & Lei, G 2011, 'New Axial Laminated-Structure Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machine with 6/7 Poles', IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 2823-2826.
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In this paper, one new axially laminated-structure ?ux-switching permanent magnet machine (ALSFSPMM) with 6/7 (stator/rotor) poles is proposed. Different from the conventional ?ux-switching permanent magnet machine (FSPMM), the stator and rotor of ALSFSPMM are laminated parallel to the axial direction, which can make full use of PM ?ux linkage, decrease part magnetic saturation, and reduce the iron loss particularly in the range of high speed. By the 2-D model prediction of ?nite element algorithm (FEA), ALSFSPMM has lower cogging torque, stronger ?ux weakening ability, greater torque density, higher ef?ciency, etc., and hence it is an ideal candidate for the drive system of plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle (PHEV).

Xu, W, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y, Guo, Y, Wang, Y & Li, Y 2011, 'Dimension Decision on Drive System of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle', Journal of Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 122-129.

Xu, YL, Jiang, J & Li, Z 2011, 'Cyclic Optimisation For Localisation In Freeform Surface Inspection', International Journal Of Production Research, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 361-374.
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Increasing demands on precision manufacturing of parts with freeform surfaces have been observed in the last several years. Although significant progress has been made in precision machining of freeform surfaces, inspection of such surfaces remains a dif

Yan, H-F, Yu, Z-Y, Liu, Y-M, Tian, H-D & Han, L-H 2011, 'Novel Propagation Properties of Total Internal Reflection Photonic Crystal Fibres with Rhombic Air Holes', CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS, vol. 28, no. 11.
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Yan, LY, Li, W, Mesgari, S, Leong, SSJ, Chen, Y, Loo, LS, Mu, Y & Chan-Park, MB 2011, 'Use of a chondroitin sulfate isomer as an effective and removable dispersant of single-walled carbon nanotubes', Small, vol. 7, no. 19, pp. 2758-2768.
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Three isomers of chondroitin sulfate (CS), i.e., CS-A, CS-B, and CS-C, are investigated as nanotube dispersants and are found to have vastly different abilities to disperse single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in water due to their different intramolecular interactions. Only CS-A and CS-C effectively disperse SWNTs into small bundles or individual tubes while CS-B disperses SWNTs poorly. Computer simulation and circular dichrosim show that neat CS-A and CS-C have weak intramolecular hydrogen bonding and extended conformations in solution resulting in energetically more favorable interactions with nanotubes. CS-B has relatively strong intramolecular Coulombic interaction and more alpha-helical secondary structure in solution resulting in energetically less favorable interaction with the nanotubes. Atomic force microscopy images show helical wrappings of CS-A and CS-C around the SWNTs. Transmission electron microscopy corroborates the helical wrapping of CS-A. Different isomeric forms of a polymer can have vastly different dispersing power because of their different intramolecular interactions and conformations. The easy removability of CS-A from nanotubes is confirmed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showing almost no detectable sulphur content after washing with water and by application of washed CS-A dispersed SWNTs in field-effect transistors. Three isomers of chondroitin sulfate (CS), i.e., CS-A, CS-B, and CS-C, are investigated as single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) dispersants in water. CS-C and CS-A, which have lower alpha-helix secondary structure contents, disperse the SWNTs much better than CS-B. The helical wrappings of CS-A and CS-C around the nanotubes was confirmed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Yang, B, Ying, G-G, Zhao, J-L, Zhang, L-J, Fang, Y-X & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Oxidation of triclosan by ferrate: Reaction kinetics, products identification and toxicity evaluation', JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, vol. 186, no. 1, pp. 227-235.
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Yang, G, Chen, X, Lei, G, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2011, 'Domain Decomposition Combined Radial Basis Function Collocation Method to Solve Transient Eddy Current Magnetic Problems with Moving Conductors', IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 2939-2942.
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Radial basis function (RBF) collocation method is a kind of pure meshless numerical method and has been applied to solve static and transient electromagnetic problems. Especially, it shows a great advantage in the computation of moving conductor eddy current magnetic problems. To simulate the conductor movement, the field equations are decoupled with superposition principle and solved by time-domain iteration under moving coordinate systems. One problem is that the coefficient matrix of RBF governing equations, which needs to be computed in each iteration step, is full. As the number of RBF nodes increases, the computational capacity will grow rapidly. The domain decomposition method (DDM), which divides the solving domain into several subdomains, could be conveniently combined with RBF collocation method. This paper first applies DDM combined RBF collocation method to compute transient eddy current magnetic field problems with moving conductors. With this novel method, the iteration only proceeds in the subdomains containing conductors. And the magnetic field in the subdomains without conductors needs to be computed just once before the iteration. The dimension of the coefficient matrix computed in the iteration is only determined by the number of nodes in the corresponding subdomains and on the interfaces. An engineering problem is computed to show that the DDM combined RBF collocation method is much more efficient than the normal one.

Yang, G, Lei, G, Chen, X & Shao, K 2011, 'Radial basis function meshless method to solve 2-D electromagnetic problems with moving conductors', Zhongguo Dianji Gongcheng Xuebao/Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering, vol. 31, no. 30, pp. 146-152.
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This paper applied the radial basis function (RBF) collocation method to solve electromagnetic problems with moving conductors. A superposition RBF collocation method under moving coordinate system was presented to compute the convective-diffusion Maxwell equations of the transient eddy current magnetic field. The field, which was regarded as a superposition of two fields generated by the excitation current and the eddy current respectively, was constructed with RBFs in separate moving coving coordinate systems. According to the linear property of the RBF collocation model, the corresponding governing equations could be directly decoupled and solved through time-domain iteration. Therefore, the motion of the conductor could be transferred into the relative motion between coordinate systems. And the RBF model would not change during the iteration, which avoided the model reconfiguration due to the conductor motion. To examine the method, two numerical examples: TEAM workshop problem 28 and an electromagnetic launcher system were computed. The results agreed well with the experiment data shown in literatures. © 2011 Chin. Soc. for Elec. Eng.

Yang, L, Hu, J, Ning, L & Ji, J 2011, 'Comparative study on various forming patterns of rod based on computer simulation', International Review on Computers and Software, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 848-855.
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Rigid-plastic finite element method and isoparametric element technology are used to build fully three-dimensional FEM models of hot rod rolling process of typical carbon steel. All kinds of thermal exchange phenomena are considered in the paper, such as conduction at the rolls-workpiece interface, convection and radiation between the workpiece or rollers and the surrounding environment, and heat generation due to plastic deformation and friction work. Numerical simulation is carried out to examine the deformation characteristics, temperature field, and distribution properties of force and energy parameters for four-pass rolling process of two oval-round rollers, three round-flat rollers and three arc-flat rollers with Y type, respectively. It is found that the rolling force of the workpiece shortens drastically by comparing three rollers of Y type with two oval-round rollers. The flow of metal is more balance and the impact and wear is smaller than the latter. The simulating results keep a good agreement with the experiment data and the reported results available in the literature, which proves the model and solving method is reasonable. © 2011 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved.

Yang, L, Ji, J, Hu, J & Ning, L 2011, 'Prediction Of Process Parameters On Stress And Strain Fields In Hot Rolling Process Using Finite Element Method', Information Technology Journal, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 2406-2412.
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To predict the distribution of stress and strain fields in hot rolling process, the computer models are built using rigid-plastic finite element method and are calculated using up-dated Lagrange method. The workpiece and the work-roll are defined as the

Yang, L, Ji, J, Hu, J & Romagos, A 2011, 'Effect of process parameters on mechanical behavior in hot-slab rolling', Mechanika, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 474-479.
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This paper studies hot rolling process of typical low carbon steel by using rigid-plastic finite element method. Numerical simulations are carried out to examine the effects of the percentage of reduction rate, work-roll radius, frictional coefficient, rolling speed, tension, initial rolling temperature and initial slab thickness on rolling force and deformation behavior of the slab. It is found that rolling force increases with the increases of reduction rate, rolling speed, frictional coefficient and radius. The initial rolling temperature, initial slab thickness and tension have also important effects on rolling force, and it will decreases remarkably by increasing the parameters. Moreover, it is also found that rolling force remains unchanged when initial slab temperature reaches certain value. The friction and effective stress distribution in the slab are obtained for the steady-state rolling process. The positive friction in backward slip zone is found to be greater than the negative friction in forward slip zone along rolling direction, indicating that friction acts as the driving force in the rolling process.

Yang, N, Schindeler, A, Mcdonald, M, Seto, J, Houweling, P, Lek, M, Hogarth, M, Morse, A, Raftery, J, Balasuriya, D, Macarthur, D, Berman, Y, Quinlan, K, Eisman, J, Nguyen, T, Center, J, Prince, R, Wilson, S, Zhu, K, Little, D & North, K 2011, 'Alpha-Actinin-3 Deficiency Is Associated With Reduced Bone Mass In Human And Mouse', Bone, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 790-798.
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Bone mineral density (BMD) is a complex trait that is the single best predictor of the risk of osteoporotic fractures. Candidate gene and genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variations in approximately 30 genetic loci associated with BMD variation in humans. alpha-Actinin-3 (ACTN3) is highly expressed in fast skeletal muscle fibres. There is a common null-polymorphism R577X in human ACTN3 that results in complete deficiency of the alpha-actinin-3 protein in approximately 20% of Eurasians. Absence of alpha-actinin-3 does not cause any disease phenotypes in muscle because of compensation by alpha-actinin-2. However, alpha-actinin-3 deficiency has been shown to be detrimental to athletic sprint/power performance. In this report we reveal additional functions for alpha-actinin-3 in bone. alpha-Actinin-3 but not alpha-actinin-2 is expressed in osteoblasts. The Actn3(-/-) mouse displays significantly reduced bone mass, with reduced cortical bone volume (-14%) and trabecular number (-61%) seen by microCT. Dynamic histomorphometry indicated this was due to a reduction in bone formation. In a cohort of postmenopausal Australian women, ACTN3 577XX genotype was associated with lower BMD in an additive genetic model, with the R577X genotype contributing 1.1% of the variance in BMD. Microarray analysis of cultured osteoprogenitors from Actn3(-/-) mice showed alterations in expression of several genes regulating bone mass and osteoblast/osteoclast activity, including Enpp1, Opg and Wnt7b. Our studies suggest that ACTN3 likely contributes to the regulation of bone mass through alterations in bone turnover. Given the high frequency of R577X in the general population, the potential role of ACTN3 R577X as a factor influencing variations in BMD in elderly humans warrants further study.

Yang, S, Nguyen, N, Center, J, Eisman, J & Nguyen, T 2011, 'Association Between Beta-Blocker Use And Fracture Risk: The Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study', Bone, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 451-455.
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Introduction: In animal model, mice treated with beta-blockers (BB) had increased bone mass. In humans, high bone mass is associated with reduce fracture risk. The present study sought to test the hypothesis that BB use is associated with reduced fracture risk. Materials and methods: Data from 3488 participants (1285 men) aged 50 years and above in the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study (DOES) were analyzed. Baseline characteristics of participants were obtained at the initial visit which had taken place between 1989 and 1993. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (GE-LUNAR Corp, Madison, WI). Two hundred and sixty two (20%) men and 411 (19%) women had been on BB, as ascertained by direct interview and verification with medication history. The incidence of fragility fractures was ascertained during the follow-up period (19892008). Results: In men, BB use was associated with higher BMD at the femoral neck (0.96 versus 0.92 g/cm2, Pb0.01), higher lumbar spine (1.32 versus 1.25 g/cm2, Pb0.01), and lower fracture risk than those not on BB (odds ratio [OR]: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.320.75). In women, BB users also had higher femoral neck BMD (0.83 versus 0.81 g/cm2, Pb0.01), higher lumbar spine BMD (1.11 versus 1.06 g/cm2, Pb0.01), and lower risk of fracture than nonusers (OR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.530.87). The associations between BB use and fracture risk were independent of age, BMD, and clinical risk factors. Subgroup analysis suggested that the association was mainly found in selective BB, not in non-selective BB. Conclusion: Beta-blockers use, particularly selective BB, was associated with reduced fracture risk in both men and women, and the association was independent of BMD.

Yang, T, Kecman, V, Cao, L, Zhang, C & Huang, J 2011, 'Margin-Based Ensemble Classifier For Protein Fold Recognition', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 12348-12355.
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Recognition of protein folding patterns is an important step in protein structure and function predictions. Traditional sequence similarity-based approach fails to yield convincing predictions when proteins have low sequence identities, while the taxonom

Yang, X, Zhang, G, Lu, J & Ma, J 2011, 'A kernel fuzzy c-means clustering based fuzzy support vector machine algorithm for classification problems with outliers or noises', IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 105-115.
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The support vector machine (SVM) has provided higher performance than traditional learning machines and has been widely applied in real-world classification problems and nonlinear function estimation problems. Unfortunately, the training process of the SVM is sensitive to the outliers or noises in the training set. In this paper, a common misunderstanding of Gaussianfunction- based kernel fuzzy clustering is corrected, and a kernel fuzzy c-means clustering-based fuzzy SVM algorithm (KFCMFSVM) is developed to deal with the classification problems with outliers or noises. In the KFCM-FSVM algorithm, we first use the FCM clustering to cluster each of two classes from the training set in the high-dimensional feature space. The farthest pair of clusters, where one cluster comes from the positive class and the other from the negative class, is then searched and forms one new training set with membership degrees. Finally, we adopt FSVM to induce the final classification results on this new training set. The computational complexity of the KFCM-FSVM algorithm is analyzed. A set of experiments is conducted on six benchmarking datasets and four artificial datasets for testing the generalization performance of the KFCM-FSVM algorithm. The results indicate that the KFCM-FSVM algorithm is robust for classification problems with outliers or noises.

Yang, Y, Fu, J, Peng, H, Hou, L, Liu, M & Zhou, J 2011, 'Occurrence and phase distribution of selected pharmaceuticals in the Yangtze Estuary and its coastal zone', Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 190, no. 1-3, pp. 588-596.
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The occurrence and geochemical behavior of nine pharmaceutical compounds were investigated along the Yangtze River Estuary and its coastal area, by sampling and analysis of pharmaceuticals in sediment, suspended particulate matter (SPM), colloidal and soluble phases. In addition, the impact of sewage input was examined by sampling from sewage treatment plants (STP) effluent and its upstream and downstream in the Yangtze River. Although at relatively low concentrations in SPM and sediments, several pharmaceuticals were found at elevated concentration in filtered water samples from STP-affected sites. STP is therefore an important input of pharmaceuticals in the study area. Colloidal phase was further separated from bulk water samples using cross-flow ultrafiltration (CFUF), confirming it being an effective sorbent for pharmaceuticals with high sorption capacity which are 24 orders of magnitude higher than SPM. Moreover, mass balance calculations showed that significant percentages of selected pharmaceutical compounds were associated with aquatic colloids, indicating colloids as a reservoir for these contaminants in the Yangtze estuarine system.

Yang, Y, Li, J, Wang, H, Song, X, Wang, T, He, B, Liang, X & Ngo, HH 2011, 'An Electrocatalytic Membrane Reactor with Self-Cleaning Function for Industrial Wastewater Treatment', ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION, vol. 50, no. 9, pp. 2148-2150.
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Yang, YL, Li, J, Wang, H, Song, X, Wang, T, He, B, Liang, X & Ngo, H 2011, 'An Electrocatalytic Membrane Reactor With Self-Cleaning Function For Industrial Wastewater Treatment', Angewandte Chemie, vol. 123, no. 9, pp. 2196-2198.
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Industrial wastewater has become a global issue due to its high concentration of pollutants, especially refractory organic compounds.[1] Membrane technology has attracted considerable attention in industrial wastewater purification over the past decades owing to its high flexibility regarding water quality and low investment costs. However, inherent membrane fouling caused by concentration polarization and pore blocking leads to low plant reliability and limits wide industrial application in wastewater treatment.[2] Controlling and mitigating membrane fouling has become the most critical problem in the field of membrane technology for water and wastewater treatment.

Ying, M 2011, 'Floyd-hoare Logic For Quantum Programs', ACM Transactions pn Programming Language and Systems (TOPLAS), vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 1-49.
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Floyd-Hoare logic is a foundation of axiomatic semantics of classical programs, and it provides effective proof techniques for reasoning about correctness of classical programs. To offer similar techniques for quantum program verification and to build a

Ying, M & Feng, Y 2011, 'A Flowchart Language For Quantum Programming', IEEE Transactions On Software Engineering, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 466-485.
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Several high-level quantum programming languages have been proposed in the previous research. In this paper, we define a low-level flowchart language for quantum programming, which can be used in implementation of high-level quantum languages and in desi

Yisgedu, TB, Chen, X, Lingam, HK, Huang, Z, Highley, A, Maharrey, S, Behrens, R, Shore, SG & Zhao, J-C 2011, 'Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Thermal Decomposition Study of Mg(H2O)(6)B10H10 center dot 4H(2)O', JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C, vol. 115, no. 23, pp. 11793-11802.
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Younis, OM, Krunz, MM & Ramasubramanian, S 2011, 'ROC: Resilient Online Coverage for Surveillance Applications', IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 251-264.
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Youssef, AM, Pradhan, B & Hassan, AM 2011, 'Flash flood risk estimation along the St. Katherine road, southern Sinai, Egypt using GIS based morphometry and satellite imagery', Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 611-623.

Youssef, AM, Pradhan, B & Tarabees, E 2011, 'Integrated evaluation of urban development suitability based on remote sensing and GIS techniques: contribution from the analytic hierarchy process', Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 4, no. 3-4, pp. 463-473.

Yu, J, Liu, D, Tao, D & Seah, H 2011, 'Complex Object Correspondence Construction in Two-Dimensional Animation', IEEE Transactions On Image Processing, vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 3257-3269.
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Correspondence construction of objects in key frames is the precondition for inbetweening and coloring in 2-D computer-assisted animation production. Since each frame of an animation consists of multiple layers, objects are complex in terms of shape and

Yu, J, Tao, D, Wang, M & Cheng, J 2011, 'Semi-automatic cartoon generation by motion planning', Multimedia Systems Multimedia Systems, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 409-419.
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To reduce tedious work in cartoon animation, some computer-assisted systems including automatic Inbetweening and cartoon reusing systems have been proposed. In existing automatic Inbetweening systems, accurate correspondence construction, which is a prer

Yu, N, Duan, R & Ying, M 2011, 'Any 2 Circle Times N Subspace Is Locally Distinguishable', Physical Review A, vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 1-3.
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A subspace of a multipartite Hilbert space is said to be locally indistinguishable if any orthonormal basis of this subspace cannot be perfectly distinguished by local operations and classical communication. Previously it was shown that any m . n bipartite system with m > 2 and n > 2 has a locally indistinguishable subspace. However, it has been an open problem since 2005 whether there is a locally indistinguishable bipartite subspace with a qubit subsystem.We settle this problem in negative by showing that any 2 . n bipartite subspace contains a basis that is locally distinguishable. As an interesting application, we show that any quantum channel with two Kraus operators has optimal environment-assisted classical capacity.

Yu, Y, Kwok, NM & Ha, QP 2011, 'Color tracking for multiple robot control using a system-on-programmable-chip', Automation In Construction, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 669-676.
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A new trend in construction is the emerging technologies to accommodate personal indoor robots moving among occupants and assisting them. In many circumstances, the coordination of multiple robots is required for task execution, whereby it is important to cooperatively control robots to navigate in a desired formation. For this, real-time information of each robot's location can be made available via the use of computer vision technologies. This paper presents the development of a digital camera surveillance system that can track color tags of moving robots in an indoor environment. The system, which comprises image demosaicking, color detection, relative distance estimation and moving object tracking, is designed for controlling a number of miniature robots, utilizing the system-on-programmable-chip technology. Here, essential issues of real-time computation and low power consumption are simultaneously resolved with register-transfer level and gate circuits. Experimental results are provided for verification. An emphasis is given to construction applications.

Yu, Y, Wu, Y, Guo, X, Feng, R & Wan, J 2011, 'A Probabilistic Approach for Energy Efficient Data Transmission in Pipeline Monitoring Sensor Networks', Procedia Engineering, vol. 24, pp. 64-68.
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Lifetime network is the main considering problem when deploying wireless sensor networks for integrity monitoring of pipeline infrastructures. And the low network lifetime is always caused by the unbalanced energy consumption in the monitoring networks. So in this paper, a sort of data transmission approach based on probabilistic model is put forward to solve the energy consumption unbalanced and enhance the network lifetime. The optimal problem for maximum network lifetime is introduced, which is solved by artificial fish school algorithm. A series of simulation experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of new method. Compared with Direct and Multi-hop methods, new method not only can efficiently balance the network energy load, but also can significantly prolong the network lifetime, meeting the requirements of real-time pipeline monitoring.

Yu, Y, Wu, Y, Yu, N, Feng, R & Wan, J 2011, 'Optimal Deployment for Maximum Lifecycle in Natural Gas Pipeline Monitoring Sensor Networks', Journal of Computational Information Systems, vol. 7, no. 15, pp. 5359-5370.
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Network lifecycle is one of the main considering issues when deploying natural gas pipeline monitoring networks. For increasing monitoring lifecycle, we put forward a kind of networks deployment strategy based on cost-lifecycle. The strategy can solve the following problems: how many nodes should be deployed, which data transmission mode should be adopted, and how far the distances between neighboring nodes are. In order to avoid local optimal solution, hybrid genetic algorithm is employed to work out the deployment strategy. Numerical and simulation results show the perfect performance of the strategy. Besides, we also study the impact of path loss exponent and sensing range on the optimal networks deployment. Eventually, we compare it with two common networks deployment approaches to evaluate the effectiveness of the new strategy.

Yuan, S, Skinner, B, Huang, S, Liu, D, Dissanayake, G, Lau, H & Pagac, D 2011, 'A job grouping approach for planning container transfers at automated seaport container terminals', Advanced Engineering Informatics, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 413-426.
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This paper proposes a practical job grouping approach, which aims to enhance the time related performance metrics of container transfers in the Patrick AutoStrad container terminal, located in Brisbane, Australia. It first formulates a mathematical model of the automated container transfers in a relatively complex environment. Apart from the consideration on collision avoidance of a fleet of large vehicles in a confined area, it also deals with many other difficult practical challenges such as the presence of multiple levels of container stacking and sequencing, variable container orientations, and vehicular dynamics that require finite acceleration and deceleration times. The proposed job grouping approach aims to improve the makespan of the schedule for yard jobs, while reducing straddle carrier waiting time by grouping jobs using a guiding function. The performance of the current sequential job allocation method and the proposed job grouping approach are evaluated and compared statistically using a pooled t-test for 30 randomly generated yard configurations. The experimental results show that the job grouping approach can effectively improve the schedule makespan and reduce the total straddle carrier waiting time.

Zainol, R, Bakar, ZA & Ali, SJS 2011, 'Integrated Partial Match Query in Geographic Information Retrieval', VOL. 19 (S) OCT. 2011, p. 41.

Zeng, T, Li, J & Liu, J 2011, 'Distinct Interfacial Biclique Patterns Between Ssdna-binding Proteins And Those With Dsdnas', Proteins-structure Function And Bioinformatics, vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 598-610.
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We introduce a new motif called interfacial biclique pattern to study the difference between double-stranded DNA-binding proteins (DSBs, most of them also known to play the role as transcriptional factors) and single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs)

Zhang, A, Jiang, Z, Jiao, S & Wei, D 2011, 'Microstructure And Adherence Of Vitreous Enamel To Low Carbon Steel', International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 369-380.
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The microstructure and adherence of vitreous enamel to low carbon steel substrate with different compositions were evaluated by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and the bending test method. The condition of the bubbles, the fish-scaling resistance, and the adherence strength were also analysed by microscopic methods. The results show that the microstructures of the enamel layers are similar for the two steels, while the addition of titanium and vanadium to the steel degrades the adherence. The mechanism of enamel-steel interface adherence could be explained as mainly mechanical interlocking, chemical bonding subsequent to a series of chemical reactions. Fe-rich dendrites can only be found in the bubbles located inside the interface transit zone.

Zhang, A, Jiao, S, Jiang, Z, Sun, Q & Wei, D 2011, 'The Influence Of Enamel Firing Process On Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Steel Substrate', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 144-149, pp. 144-149.
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The as-rolled and enamel fired microstructure and mechanical properties of two low carbon steels with different compositions were analysed in the paper. The results show that the grains do not coarsen in lab firing process, and could be refined after industrial enamel firing process. The strength can keep stable in the firing process and the impact energy could be enhanced greatly under the industrial enamel firing process. The surface decarburized layer was occurred as a result of chemical reaction among the carbon in steel and water, oxides in the enamel frit.

Zhang, G, Ostergaard, J, Klejsa, J & Kleijn, WB 2011, 'High-Rate Analysis of Symmetric L-Channel Multiple Description Coding', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 1846-1856.
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Zhang, G, Zhang, G, Gao, Y & Lu, J 2011, 'Competitive Strategic Bidding Optimization In Electricity Markets Using Bilevel Programming And Swarm Technique', Ieee Transactions On Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 2138-2146.
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AbstractCompetitive strategic bidding optimization is now a key issue in electricity generator markets. Digital ecosystems provide a powerful technological foundation and support for the implementation of the optimization. This paper presents a new strategic bidding optimization technique which applies bilevel programming and swarm intelligence. In this paper, we first propose a general multileader-one-follower nonlinear bilevel (MLNB) optimization concept and related definitions based on the generalized Nash equilibrium. By analyzing the strategic bidding behavior of generating companies, we create a specific MLNB decision model for day-ahead electricity markets.

Zhang, G, Zheng, Z, Lu, J & He, Q 2011, 'An Algorithm For Solving Rule Sets-Based Bilevel Decision Problems', Computational Intelligence, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 235-259.
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Bilevel decision addresses the problem in which two levels of decision makers each tries to optimize their individual objectives under certain constraints, and to act and react in an uncooperative and sequential manner. Given the difficulty of formulatin

Zhang, J & Xia, X 2011, 'A model predictive control approach to the periodic implementation of the solutions of the optimal dynamic resource allocation problem', AUTOMATICA, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 358-362.
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Zhang, J, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2011, 'A Hybrid Knowledge-Based Risk Prediction Method Using Fuzzy Logic And Cbr For Avian Influenza Early Warning', Journal of Multiple-Valued Logic and Soft Computing, vol. 17, no. 4 Special Issue, pp. 363-386.
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The threat of highly pathogenic avian influenza persists, with the size of the epidemic growing worldwide. Various methods have been applied to measure and predict the threat. This paper outlines our research which develops a knowledge-based method that makes full use of previous knowledge to perform a comprehensive forecast of the risk of avian influenza and generate reliable warning signals for a specific region at a specific time. The method contains a risk estimation model and a knowledge-based prediction method using fuzzy logic and case-based reasoning (CBR) to generate timely early warnings to support decision makers to identify underlying vulnerabilities and implement relevant strategies. An example is presented that illustrates the capabilities and procedures of the proposed method in avian influenza early warning systems.

Zhang, J, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2011, 'A Seasonal Auto-regressive Model Based Support Vector Regression Prediction Method For H5n1 Avian Influenza Animal Events', International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 199-230.
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The time series prediction of avian influenza epidemics is a complex issue, because avian influenza has latent seasonality which is difficult to identify. Although researchers have applied a neural network (NN) model and the Box-Jenkins model for the seasonal epidemic series research area, the results are limited. In this study, we develop a new prediction seasonal auto-regressive-based support vector regression (SAR-SVR) model which combines the seasonal auto-regressive (SAR) model with a support vector regression (SVR) model to address this prediction problem to overcome existing limitations. Fast Fourier transformation is also merged into this method to identify the latent seasonality inside the time series. The experiments demonstrate that the developed SARSVR method out-performs SVR, Box-Jenkins models and two layer feed forward NN model-both in accuracy and stability in the avian influenza epidemic disease time series prediction.

Zhang, J, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2011, 'Joint Sub-classifiers One Class Classification Model For Avian Influenza Outbreak Detection', International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 425-443.
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H5N1 avian influenza outbreak detection is a significant issue for early warning of epidemics. This paper proposes domain knowledge-based joint one class classification model for avian influenza outbreak. Instead of focusing on manipulations of the one class classification model, we delve into the one class avian influenza dataset, divide it into subclasses by domain knowledge, train the sub-class classifiers and unify the result of each classifier. The proposed joint method solves the one class classification and features selection problems together. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed joint model definitely outperforms the normal one class classification model on the animal avian influenza dataset.

Zhang, J, Xiang, Y, Zhou, W, Ye, L & Mu, Y 2011, 'Secure image retrieval based on visual content and watermarking protocol', Computer Journal, vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 1661-1674.
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As an interesting application on cloud computing, content-based image retrieval (CBIR) has attracted a lot of attention, but the focus of previous research work was mainly on improving the retrieval performance rather than addressing security issues such as copyrights and user privacy. With an increase of security attacks in the computer networks, these security issues become critical for CBIR systems. In this paper, we propose a novel two-party watermarking protocol that can resolve the issues regarding user rights and privacy. Unlike the previously published protocols, our protocol does not require the existence of a trusted party. It exhibits three useful features: security against partial watermark removal, security in watermark verification and non-repudiation. In addition, we report an empirical research of CBIR with the security mechanism. The experimental results show that the proposed protocol is practicable and the retrieval performance will not be affected by watermarking query images.

Zhang, J, Zhang, N & Crowther, AR 2011, 'Analytical Study Of Brake Groan Through A Coupled 2DOF Brake Model', Japan Journal of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 205-222.
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Brake groan is a friction-induced vibration occurring on the contact surface between rotor and brake in a vehicle. In this paper, a two degree-of-freedom rotor and brake model driven by a displacement input is adopted to investigate this unique stick sli

Zhang, J, Zhang, Y, Quan, X, Liu, Y, An, X, Chen, S & Zhao, H 2011, 'Bioaugmentation and functional partitioning in a zero valent iron-anaerobic reactor for sulfate-containing wastewater treatment', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, vol. 174, no. 1, pp. 159-165.
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Zhang, K, Gao, X, Li, X & Tao, D 2011, 'Partially Supervised Neighbor Embedding for Example-Based Image Super-Resolution', IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 230-239.
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Neighbor embedding algorithm has been widely used in example-based super-resolution reconstruction from a single frame, which makes the assumption that neighbor patches embedded are contained in a single manifold. However, it is not always true for compl

Zhang, L, Mei, T, Liu, Y, Tao, D & Zhou, H 2011, 'Visual Search Reranking Via Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization', Pattern Recognition, vol. 44, no. 8, pp. 1811-1820.
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Visual search reranking involves an optimization process that uses visual content to recover the 'genuine' ranking list from the helpful but noisy one generated by textual search. This paper presents an evolutionary approach, called Adaptive Particle Swa

Zhang, L, Zhang, L, Tao, D & Huang, X 2011, 'A Multifeature Tensor For Remote-Sensing Target Recognition', IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 374-378.
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In remote-sensing image target recognition, the target or background object is usually transformed to a feature vector, such as a spectral feature vector. However, this kind of vector represents only one pixel of a remote-sensing image that considers the

Zhang, N 2011, 'Transient Responses Of A Hydraulic Power Assisted Vehicle Steering System', SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1048-1056.
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This paper presents a comprehensive model of a hydraulic power steering system for predicting the transient responses under various steering inputs. The first principles of multi-body system dynamics and fluid mechanics are applied to model key nonlinear

Zhang, R, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2011, 'A knowledge-based multi-role decision support system for ore blending cost optimization of blast furnaces', European Journal Of Operational Research, vol. 215, no. 1, pp. 194-203.
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Literature illustrates the difficulties in obtaining the lowest-cost optimal solution to an ore blending problem for blast furnaces by using the traditional trial-and-error method in iron and steel enterprises. To solve this problem, we developed a cost optimization model which we have implemented in a multi-role-based decision support system (DSS). On the basis of analyzing the business flow and working process of ore blending, we propose an architecture of DSS which is built based on multi-roles. This DSS construction pre-processes the data for materials and elements, builds a general database, abstracts the related optimal operations research models and introduces the reasoning mechanism of an expert system. A non-linear model of ore blending for blast furnaces and its solutions are provided. A database, a model base and a knowledge base are integrated into the expert system-based multi-role DSS to meet the different demands of data, information and decision-making knowledge for the various roles of users. A comparison of the results for the DSS and the trial-and-error method is provided. The system has produced excellent economic benefits since it was implemented at the Xiangtan Iron & Steel Group Co. Ltd., China.

Zhang, R, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2011, 'An information presentation method based on tree-like super entity component', Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 84, no. 8, pp. 1306-1318.
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Information systems are increasingly oriented in the direction of large-scale integration due to the explosion of multi-source information. It is therefore important to discuss how to reasonably organize and present information from multiple structures and sources on the same information system platform. In this study, we propose a 3C (Components, Connections, Container) component model by combining white-box and black-box methods, design a tree-like super entity based on the model, present its construction and related algorithm, and take a tree-like super entity as the information organization method for multi-level entities. In order to represent structural, semi-structural and non-structural data on the same information system platform, an information presentation method based on an editable e-book component has been developed by combining the tree-like super entity component, QQ-style menu and 1/K switch connection component, which has been successfully applied in the Flood Protection Project Information System of the Yangtze River in China.

Zhang, X, Jiang, Z, Wei, D, Liu, X & Wang, G 2011, 'Finite element modeling of casting roll during twin-roll strip casting', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 145, pp. 287-292.
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In twin-roll thin strip casting, the temperature distribution of casting roll affects the roll thermal stress, and influences the thermal deformation, the generation of roll surface cracks, the strip shape, and the service life of casting roll. In this paper, the temperature distributions of casting roll have been analysed, the effects of the roll sleeve thickness on the temperature field and thermal stress of casting roll have been simulated and discussed. The developed temperature model of casting roll is helpful in optimising the processing parameters and the design of casting roll during twin-roll thin strip casting. © (2011) Trans Tech Publications.

Zhang, Y & Zhu, J 2011, 'A Novel Duty Cycle Control Strategy To Reduce Both Torque And Flux Ripples For Dtc Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives With Switching Frequency Reduction', IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 3055-3067.
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Conventional switching-table-based direct torque control (DTC) presents large torque and flux ripples as well as variable switching frequency. Many methods have been proposed to tackle the aforementioned problems, among which duty cycle control is a kind

Zhang, Y & Zhu, J 2011, 'Direct Torque Control Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With Reduced Torque Ripple And Commutation Frequency', Ieee Transactions On Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 235-248.
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In conventional direct torque controlled (DTC) permanent magnet synchronous motor drive, there is usually undesired torque and flux ripple. The existing literature have proposed some methods to reduce torque and flux ripple by optimizing the duty ratio o

Zhang, Y, Jing, Y, Quan, X, Liu, Y & Onu, P 2011, 'A built-in zero valent iron anaerobic reactor to enhance treatment of azo dye wastewater', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 741-746.
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Zhang, Y, Zhang, W, Lin, X, Jiang, B & Pei, J 2011, 'Ranking uncertain sky: The probabilistic top-k skyline operator', Information Systems, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 898-915.
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Many recent applications involve processing and analyzing uncertain data. In this paper, we combine the feature of top-k objects with that of skyline to model the problem of top-k skyline objects against uncertain data. The problem of efficiently computing top-k skyline objects on large uncertain datasets is challenging in both discrete and continuous cases. In this paper, firstly an efficient exact algorithm for computing the top-k skyline objects is developed for discrete cases. To address applications where each object may have a massive set of instances or a continuous probability density function, we also develop an efficient randomized algorithm with an @e@?approximation guarantee. Moreover, our algorithms can be immediately extended to efficiently compute p-skyline; that is, retrieving the uncertain objects with skyline probabilities above a given threshold. Our extensive experiments on synthetic and real data demonstrate the efficiency of both algorithms and the randomized algorithm is highly accurate. They also show that our techniques significantly outperform the existing techniques for computing p-skyline.

Zhang, Y, Zhao, Z & Zhu, J 2011, 'A Hybrid PWM Applied To High-power Three-level Inverter-fed Induction-motor Drives', IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 3409-3420.
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A hybrid pulsewidth modulation (PWM), combining the merits of both space-vector PWM (SVPWM) and selective harmonic elimination (SHE) PWM (SHEPWM), is proposed for three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter-fed high-power adjustable-speed drives, wh

Zhang, Y, Zhu, J, Xu, W & Guo, Y 2011, 'A Simple Method to Reduce Torque Ripple in Direct Torque Controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor by Using Vectors with Variable Amplitude and Angle', IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 2848-2859.
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In this paper, a modified direct torque control (DTC) for permanent-magnet synchronous machines, which enables important torque- and flux-ripple reduction by using voltage vectors with variable amplitude and angle, is proposed. In the proposed DTC, the amplitudes of torque and flux errors are differentiated and employed to regulate the amplitude and angle of the output voltage vectors online, which are finally synthesized by space-vector modulation (SVM). Two simple formulas are developed to derive the amplitude and angle of the commanding voltage vectors from the errors of torque and flux only. The conventional switching table and hysteresis controllers are eliminated, and a fixed switching frequency is obtained with the help of SVM. Stator flux is estimated from an improved voltage model, which is based on a low-pass filter with compensations of the amplitude and phase. The proposed DTC is comparatively investigated with the existing SVM-DTC from the aspects of theory analysis, computer simulation, and experimental validation. The simulation and experimental results prove that the proposed DTC is very simple and provides excellent steady-state response, quick dynamic performance, and strong robustness against external disturbance and control-parameter variations.

Zhang, Z, Mao, G & Anderson, B 2011, 'On the Information Propagation Process in Mobile Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks', IEEE Transaction on vehicular Technology, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 2314-2325.
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In this paper, we study the information propagation process in a 1-D mobile ad hoc network formed by vehicles Poissonly distributed on a highway and traveling in the same direction at randomly distributed speeds that are independent between vehicles. Considering a model in which time is divided into time slots of equal length and each vehicle changes its speed at the beginning of each time slot, independent of its speed in other time slots, we derive analytical formulas for the fundamental properties of the information propagation process and the information propagation speed (IPS). Using the formulas, one can straightforwardly study the impact on the IPS of various parameters such as radio range, vehicular traffic density, and time variation of vehicle speed. The accuracy of the results is validated using simulations. The research provides useful guidelines on the design of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs).

Zhao, L, Wong, L & Li, J 2011, 'Antibody-specified B-cell Epitope Prediction In Line With The Principle Of Context-awareness', IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 1483-1494.
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Context-awareness is a characteristic in the recognition between antigens and antibodies, highlighting the reconfiguration of epitope residues when an antigen interacts with a different antibody. A coarse binary classification of antigen regions into epi

Zhao, W, Lu, DD-C & Agelidis, VG 2011, 'Current Control of Grid-Connected Boost Inverter With Zero Steady-State Error', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 2825-2834.
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Zhao, Y, Gao, B, Cao, BC, Yang, Z, Yue, Q, Shon, H & Kim, JH 2011, 'Comparison of coagulation behavior and floc characteristics of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) with surface water treatment', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 166, no. 2, pp. 544-550.
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Coagulation behavior of Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) was comparatively investigated in terms of the removal of turbidity and natural organic matter (NOM) with surface water. The growth, breakage and re-growth nature of flocs were also compared. The results show that the removals of chemical oxidation demand (CODMn) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were 51.5% and 78.4% at optimal dosage for TiCl4 and 29.8% and 41.0% for PACl, respectively. The floc breakage and re-growth indicated that TiCl4 and PACl coagulation occurred not only by charge neutralization but also by a form of sweep flocculation. Besides, flocs formed by PACl had better recoverability than the flocs formed by TiCl4. Sludge produced from TiCl4 flocculation was calcined at 600 â¦C to produce TiO2, and the photocatalytic activity in removing reactive brilliant red (K-2BP) was evaluated in comparison with commercially available TiO2 (P-25). The photocatalytic oxidation rates of K-2BP after 2 h photocatalytic reaction were 91.4% and 92.9% for as-prepared TiO2 and P-25, respectively.

Zhao, Y, Gao, B, Rong, H, Shon, H, Kim, H, Yue, Q & Wang, Y 2011, 'The impacts of coagulant aid-polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride on coagulation performances and floc characteristics in humic acid-kaolin synthetic water treatment with titanium tetrachloride', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 173, pp. 376-384.
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Coagulation of humic acidâkaolin synthetic water was conducted with Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and/or polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PD) to assess the effect of coagulant aid PD on coagulation behavior and floc characteristics. Coagulation behavior was investigated in terms of the reduction of turbidity and the removal of natural organic matter (NOM). The results show that the humic acid (HA) removal increased with the addition of PD depending on the doses of it and TiCl4, and the HA removal was more enhanced by PD at low TiCl4 doses than at higher ones. In addition, PD-TiCl4 (PD dosed firstly, followed by TiCl4 addition) gave better turbidity and HA removal than TiCl4-PD (TiCl4 dosed firstly, followed by PD addition) in this investigation. The growth, breakage, regrowth and fractal nature of flocs was investigated by use of Mastersizer 2000. TiCl4 plus cationic polymer PD exhibited an apparent improvement on floc size and floc grow rate, and they were both in the following order: PD-TiCl4 > TiCl4-PD > TiCl4. Compared with TiCl4, the dual-coagulants significantly improved the floc recoverability. Besides, the dual-coagulants gave more compact floc structure than TiCl4 coagulant at each coagulant dose under investigation and the values of fractal dimension (Df) were in the order of TiCl4-PD > PD-TiCl4 > TiCl4.

Zhao, Y, Gao, B, Shon, H, Cao, BC & Kim, JH 2011, 'Coagulation characteristics of titanium (Ti) salt coagulant compared with aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) salts', Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 185, no. 2-3, pp. 1536-1542.
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In this study, the performance of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) coagulation and flocculation is compared with commonly used coagulants such as aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), polyaluminum chloride (PACl), iron chloride (FeCl3), and polyferric sulfate (PFS) in terms of water quality parameters and floc properties. TiCl4 flocculation achieved higher removal of UV254 (98%), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (84%) and turbidity (93%) than other conventional coagulants. Charge neutralization and physical entrapment of colloids within coagulant precipitates and adsorption, seemed to play a significant role during TiCl4 flocculation, while the main mechanism for conventional coagulants was bridge-aggregation and adsorption. The aggregated flocs after TiCl4 flocculation showed the fastest growth rate compared to the other coagulants, with the largest floc size (801m) occurring within 8 min. The floc strength factor of PACl, Al2(SO4)3, PFS, FeCl3 and TiCl4 was 34, 30, 29, 26 and 29, respectively, while the floc recovery factor of the TiCl4 coagulant was the lowest. Based on the results of the above study, it is concluded that the TiCl4 flocculation can reduce the hydraulic retention time of slow and rapid mixing, however, careful handling of sludge is required due to the low recoverability of the aggregated floc.

Zhao, Y, Gao, B, Shon, H, Kim, H, Yue, Q & Wang, Y 2011, 'Floc characteristics of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) compared with aluminum and iron salts in humic acid-kaolin synthetic water treatment', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 81, pp. 332-338.
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The floc strength and regrowth properties of TiCl4, FeCl3, and Al2 SO4)3 were comparatively evaluated using humic acidâkaolin synthetic water sample. At the given optimum dosage (20 mg/L as Ti, 8 mg/L as Fe, and 2 mg/L as Al, respectively), the floc growth, breakage and regrowth of TiCl4, FeCl3, and Al2(SO4)3 were investigated by use of a laser diffraction particle sizing device. Jar tests were conducted to investigate the impact of shear force and breakage period on floc breakage and re-aggregation potential. Results indicated that the responses of flocs to increasing shear force and breakage period depend on the coagulant used. The ability of floc to resist breakage decreased with the increase of shear force. Floc strength properties were also measured in response to increasing shear force, with the results suggesting that the order of floc strength was TiCl4 > FeCl3 > Al2(SO4)3. Floc regrowth of these three coagulants after exposure to high shear was limited, and flocs formed by TiCl4 displayed the weakest recoverability. Similar results were obtained when breakage period was different.

Zhao, Y, Gao, B, Shon, H, Kim, J & Yue, Q 2011, 'Effect of shear force, solution pH and breakage period on characteristics of flocs formed by Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and Polyaluminum chloride (PACl) with surface water treatment', Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 187, no. 1, pp. 495-501.
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The growth, breakage and regrowth nature of flocs formed by Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) was comparatively evaluated with surface water treatment. A series of jar experiments were conducted to investigate the impacts of different operating parameters such as shear force, solution pH and a breakage period on floc strength and re-aggregation potential. Results indicated that the responses of flocs to different operating parameters depend on the coagulant used. The ability of floc to resist breakage decreased with the increase of shear force and breakage period. Floc strength properties were also measured in response to increasing shear force, with the results suggesting that the order of floc strength was TiCl4 > PACl. Floc regrowth of the two coagulants after exposure to high shear was limited, and flocs formed by TiCl4 displayed weaker recoverability. The flocs generated in acid conditions were more recoverable than those generated in alkaline conditions no matter which coagulant was used.

Zhao, Y, Gao, B, Shon, H, Wang, Y, Kim, JH & Yue, Q 2011, 'The effect of second coagulant dose on the regrowth of flocs formed by charge neutralization and sweep coagulation using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4)', Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 198, pp. 70-77.
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Characteristics of flocs formed by charge neutralization and sweep coagulation using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) were investigated with humic acidâkaolin suspension by continuous optical monitoring. This paper focused on the regrowth ability of broken flocs after addition of second TiCl4 dose. Variation of floc size and the fractal dimension of flocs versus second TiCl4 dose after regrowth were investigated. Second TiCl4 dose was added during the floc breakage period, and addition time of second TiCl4 dose was also investigated. The results showed that, when coagulated by charge neutralization at pH 6, an appropriate second TiCl4 dose improved regrowth ability of broken flocs at low initial TiCl4 doses. While for high initial TiCl4 doses, second TiCl4 dose lowered floc re-growth ability. When coagulated by sweep coagulation at pH 10, second TiCl4 dose made regrown flocs larger than those without second TiCl4 dose. Floc structure analysis showed that it was determined by not only the fractal dimension of flocs, but also the chemical characteristics of floc surface. Addition time of second TiCl4 dose had a great effect on floc regrowth ability, suggesting that the broken flocs had better regrowth when second TiCl4 dose was added at the end of the breakage period.

Zhao, Y, Niu, Z, Peng, X & Dai, L 2011, 'A Discretization Algorithm of Numerical Attributes for Digital Library Evaluation Based on Data Mining Technology', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7008, pp. 70-76.
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We present here a discretization algorithm for numerical attributes of digital collections. In our research data mining technology is imported into digital library evaluation to provide a better decision-making support. But data prediction algorithms work not well based on the traditional discretization method during the data mining process. The reason is that numerical attributes of digital collections are complicated and not in the same scale of distribution distance. We study the characteristic of numerical attributes and put forward a discretization method based on the Z-score idea of mathematical statistics. This algorithm can reflect the dynamic semantic distance for different numerical attributes and significantly enhance the precision rate and recall rate of data prediction algorithms. Furthermore a ‘nonlinear conditional relationship’ among attributes of digital collections is discovered during the study of discretization algorithm and impacts the actual application result of traditional data mining algorithms.

Zheng, L, He, S, Wu, Q & Samali, B 2011, 'A system for licence plate recognition using a hierarchically combined classifier', International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications, vol. 10, pp. 189-202.
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In a real time, automatic licence plate recognition system, licence detection, character segmentation and character recognition are three important components. All these three components generally require high accuracy and fast recognition speed to process. In this paper, general processing steps for license plate recognition (LPR) are addressed. After three types of combined classifiers are introduced and compared, a hierarchically combined classifier is designed based on an inductive learning-based method and an support vector machine (SVM)-based classification. This approach employs the inductive learning-based method to roughly divide all classes into smaller groups. Then, the SVM approach is used for character classification in individual groups. Having obtained a collection of samples of characters in advance from licence plates after licence detection and character segmentation steps, some known samples are available for training. After the training process, the inductive learning rules are extracted for rough classification and the parameters used for SVM-based classification are obtained. Then, a classification tree is constructed for next fast training and testing processes based on SVMs. The experimental results show that the hierarchically combined classifier is better than either the inductive learning-based classification or the SVM-based classification with a lower error rate and a faster processing speed.

Zheng, L, Jin, J, Guo, Y, Xu, W & Zhu, J 2011, 'Design of a Double-Sided HTSLSM for HTS Maglev', Journal of Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetics, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 12-16.
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A novel hybrid high temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous propulsion system composed of a double-sided HTS linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) in the middle and HTS magnetic suspension sub-systems on both sides has been proposed for a Maglev. There are three carriages make up for the Maglev, and each carriage consists of four HTSLSM modules. Under rated conditions, the HTSLSM can reach a speed of 69 km/h and a maximum thrust of 48.9 kN for each motor module. In order to verify the performance and running characteristics of the propulsion system, the 2D finite element analysis (FEA) model of the HTSLSM has been built up, and the time-stepping transient analysis method was used for the theoretical verification, and the results show that the designed hybrid HTS linear propulsion system driven by the double-sided HTSLSM can satisfy the practical requirements for a Maglev.

Zheng, L, Jin, J, Guo, Y, Xu, W, Lu, H & Zhu, J 2011, 'Characteristics and Optimization of a PMLSM for HTS Magnetic Suspension Propulsion System', Journal of Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 66-74.
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¾Permanent magnet (PM) linear synchronous motors (PMLSMs) can be integrated with a high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnetic suspension system to be used in such as electromagnetic aircraft launcher and maglev transportation which have a levitated object moving on a long linear track. This paper presents the design and electromagnetic characteristic analysis of a long-primary single-sided PMLSM for a HTS bulk-PM guideway repulsion magnetic suspension propulsion system. Based on the characteristics and performance analysis of the PMLSM, a new type of HTS suspension propulsion system driven by a double-sided PMLSM with an optimal PM structure is then proposed. The running characteristics of the linear propulsion systems are studied through finite element analysis (FEA) with comprehensive performance results obtained for practical development.

Zhou, J, Lee, I, Thomas, BH, Sansome, A & Menassa, R 2011, 'Facilitating Collaboration with Laser Projector-Based Spatial Augmented Reality in Industrial Applications', Recent Trends of Mobile Collaborative Augmented Reality Systems, pp. 161-173.

Zhou, T, Tao, D & Wu, X 2011, 'Manifold elastic net: a unified framework for sparse dimension reduction', Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 340-371.
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It is difficult to find the optimal sparse solution of a manifold learning based dimensionality reduction algorithm. The lasso or the elastic net penalized manifold learning based dimensionality reduction is not directly a lasso penalized least square pr

Zhu, CH, Liu, QH, Liu, YH, Shen, Y & Liu, LJ 2011, 'An accurate conformal Fourier transform method for 2D discontinuous functions', Progress in Electromagnetics Research, vol. 120, pp. 165-179.
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Fourier transform of discontinuous functions are often encountered in computational electromagnetics. A highly accurate, fast conformal Fourier transform (CFT) algorithm is proposed to evaluate the finite Fourier transform of 2D discontinuous functions. A curved triangular mesh combined with curvilinear coordinate transformation is adopted to flexibly model an arbitrary shape of the discontinuity boundary. This enables us to take full advantages of high order interpolation and Gaussian quadrature methods to achieve highly accurate Fourier integration results with a low sampling density and small computation time. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is similar to the traditional 2D fast Fourier transform algorithm, but with orders of magnitude higher accuracy. Numerical examples illustrate the excellent performance of the proposed CFT method.

Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Lin, Z, Li, Y & Huang, Y 2011, 'Development of PM Transverse Flux Motors with Soft Magnetic Composite Cores', IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 4376-4383.
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Compared with the conventional fixed speed drive, a major factor that handicaps the wide acceptance of variable speed drive with high ef?ciency permanent magnet (PM) motors is its high cost. This paper presents an effort to reduce the material and manufacturing costs of PM motors by using the soft magnetic composite (SMC), and the highly matured powder metallurgic technology. Because the SMCs magnetic properties are quite different from that of the traditional silicon steel sheets, special efforts have been made on measurement and modelling of vectorial magnetic properties, electrical machine topologies, and drive schemes in order to make the best use of the material. Various PM SMC motors of transverse ?ux topologies have been designed, fabricated, and tested. The detailed results are presented and discussed

Zhu, N & Ziolkowski, RW 2011, 'Active Metamaterial-Inspired Broad-Bandwidth, Efficient, Electrically Small Antennas', IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, vol. 10, pp. 1582-1585.
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Zhu, N, Ziolkowski, RW & Xin, H 2011, 'A metamaterial-inspired, electrically small rectenna for high-efficiency, low power harvesting and scavenging at the global positioning system L1 frequency', APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, vol. 99, no. 11.
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Zhu, N, Ziolkowski, RW & Xin, H 2011, 'Electrically Small GPS L1 Rectennas', IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, vol. 10, pp. 935-938.
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Zhu, X, Feng, Z, Sun, T, Liu, X, Tang, H, Zhu, J, Guo, W & Kobayashi, K 2011, 'Effects of elevated ozone concentration on yield of four Chinese cultivars of winter wheat under fully open-air field conditions', GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 2697-2706.
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Zhu, X, Guo, W, Ding, J, Li, C, Feng, C & Peng, Y 2011, 'ENHANCING NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY BY COMBINATIONS OF NITROGEN APPLICATION AMOUNT AND TIME IN WHEAT', JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 1747-1761.
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Zhu, XQ, Law, SS & Jayawardhan, M 2011, 'Experimental study on Statistical Damage Detection of RC Structures based on Wavelet Packet Analysis', 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURES (DAMAS 2011), vol. 305.
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Zhuang, J, Tsang, I & Hoi, SC 2011, 'A Family of Simple Non-Parametric Kernel Learning Algorithms', Journal of Machine Learning Research, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1313-1347.
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Previous studies of Non-Parametric Kernel Learning (NPKL) usually formulate the learning task as a Semi-Definite Programming (SDP) problem that is often solved by some general purpose SDP solvers. However, for N data examples, the time complexity of NPKL using a standard interior-point SDP solver could be as high as O(N(6.5)), which prohibits NPKL methods applicable to real applications, even for data sets of moderate size. In this paper, we present a family of efficient NPKL algorithms, termed "SimpleNPKL", which can learn non-parametric kernels from a large set of pairwise constraints efficiently. In particular, we propose two efficient SimpleNPKL algorithms. One is SimpleNPKL algorithm with linear loss, which enjoys a closed-form solution that can be efficiently computed by the Lanczos sparse eigen decomposition technique. Another one is SimpleNPKL algorithm with other loss functions (including square hinge loss, hinge loss, square loss) that can be re-formulated as a saddle-point optimization problem, which can be further resolved by a fast iterative algorithm. In contrast to the previous NPKL approaches, our empirical results show that the proposed new technique, maintaining the same accuracy, is significantly more efficient and scalable. Finally, we also demonstrate that the proposed new technique is also applicable to speed up many kernel learning tasks, including colored maximum variance unfolding, minimum volume embedding, and structure preserving embedding.

Ziolkowski, RW, Jin, P & Lin, C-C 2011, 'Metamaterial-Inspired Engineering of Antennas', PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, vol. 99, no. 10, pp. 1720-1731.
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Zong, Y, Xu, G, Jin, P, Zhang, Y & Chen, E 2011, 'HC_AB: A new heuristic clustering algorithm based on Approximate Backbone', Information Processing Letters, vol. 111, no. 17, pp. 857-863.
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Clustering is an important research area with numerous applications in pattern recognition, machine learning, and data mining. Since the clustering problem on numeric data sets can be formulated as a typical combinatorial optimization problem, many researches have addressed the design of heuristic algorithms for finding sub-optimal solutions in a reasonable period of time. However, most of the heuristic clustering algorithms suffer from the problem of being sensitive to the initialization and do not guarantee the high quality results. Recently, Approximate Backbone (AB), i.e., the commonly shared intersection of several sub-optimal solutions, has been proposed to address the sensitivity problem of initialization. In this paper, we aim to introduce the AB into heuristic clustering to overcome the initialization sensitivity of conventional heuristic clustering algorithms. The main advantage of the proposed method is the capability of restricting the initial search space around the optimal result by defining the AB, and in turn, reducing the impact of initialization on clustering, eventually improving the performance of heuristic clustering. Experiments on synthetic and real world data sets are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comparison to three conventional heuristic clustering algorithms and three other algorithms with improvement on initialization

Zong, Y, Xu, GD, Zhang, YC & Li, MC 2011, 'Node priority guided clustering algorithm', Kongzhi yu Juece/Control and Decision, vol. 26, no. 6.
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Density-based clustering algorithms have the advantages of clustering with arbitrary shapes and handling noise data, but cannot deal with unsymmetrical density distribution and high dimensionality dataset. Therefore, a node priority guided clustering algorithm(NPGC) is proposed. A direct K neighbor graph of dataset is set up based on KNN neighbor method. Then the local information of each node in graph is captured by using KNN kernel density estimate method, and the node priority is calculated by passing the local information through graph. Finally, a depth-first search on graph is applied to find out the clustering results based on the local kernel degree. Experiment results show that NPGC has the ability to deal with unsymmetrical density distribution and high dimensionality dataset.

Abedin, B 2011, 'Investigating the Trend of Non-Task Social Interactions in Online Collaborative Learning Environments', Hawaii International Conference on System Science, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, IEEE, Kauai, HI, USA, pp. 1-8.
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Abedin, MJ & Mohan, AS 2011, 'Maximum likelihood method for near-field parameter estimation using V-shaped antenna arrays', 2011 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings (APMC), Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 737-740.
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In this paper, a maximum likelihood based parameter estimation method is proposed to apply with V-shaped planar antenna array for localisation of near-field radiating sources. We propose a novel approach which does not require any additional pair matching technique to obtain estimated parameter pairs. Also, a detection method is proposed here to identify the presence of the number of sources to be localised. Performance of the proposed method is investigated by using simulations. © 2011 Engineers Australia.

Abeywardena, DM, Kodagoda, S, Munasinghe, R & Dissanayake, G 2011, 'A Virtual Odometer for a Quadrotor Micro Aerial Vehicle', Proceedings of the Australian Conference on Robotics and Automation (ACRA 2011), Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australian Robotics and Automation Association, Monash University, Melbourne, pp. 1-8.
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This paper describes the synthesis and evaluation of a âvirtual odometer❠for a Quadrotor Micro Aerial Vehicle. Availability of a velocity estimate has the potential to enhance the accuracy of mapping, estimation and control algorithms used with quadrotors, increasing the effectiveness of their applications. As a result of the unique dynamic characteristics of the quadrotor, a dual axis accelerometer mounted parallel to the propeller plane provides measurements that are directly proportional to vehicle velocities in that plane. Exploiting this insight, we encapsulate quadrotor dynamic equations which relate acceleration, attitude and the aerodynamic propeller drag in an extended Kalman filter framework for the purpose of state estimation. The result is a drift free estimation of lateral and longitudinal components of translational velocity and roll and pitch components of attitude of the quadrotor. Real world data sets gathered from two different quadrotor platforms, together with ground truth data from a Vicon system, are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and demonstrate that drift free estimates for the velocity and attitude can be obtained.

Abu Mahmoud, M & Al-Jumaily, A 2011, 'Segmentation of Skin Cancer Images Based on Gradient Vector Flow (GVF) Snake', International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 216-220.
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A gradient vector flow (GVF) snake is proposed in this paper for the segmentation of skin cancer images. In order to make the snake insensitive to noise and be able to remove the hairs, an Adaptive Filter (Wiener and Median filters) is proposed. After the noise and hairs are removed, GVF snake will be used to segment the skin cancer region. The GVF snake extends the single direction and allows it to still be able to track the boundary of the skin cancer even if there are other objects near the skin cancer region. We have proposed new operators to find better edge map in a restored grey scale image. Subjective method has been used by comparing the performance of the proposed gradient vector flow (GVF) snake with other recommended operators of first derivative like Sobel, Prewitt, Roberts and second derivative like Laplacian. The root mean square error and root mean square of signal to noise ratio have been used for objective evaluation. Finally, to validate the efficiency of the filtering schemes different algorithms are proposed and the simulation study has been carried out. Experiments performed on 8(eight) cancer images show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Abu Mahmoud, M, Al-Jumaily, A & Takruri, MS 2011, 'The Automatic Identification of Melanoma by Wavelet and Curvelet Analysis: Study based on neural network classification', Proceedings of the 2011 11th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS), International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems, IEEE, Malacca, Malaysia, pp. 680-685.
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this paper proposes an automatic skin cancer (melanoma) classification system. The input for the prosed system is a collected data images, it followed by different image processing procedures to enhance the image properties. Two segmentation methods used to identify the normal skin cancer from malignant skin and to extract the useful information from these images that passed to the classifier for training and testing. The features used for classification is the coefficients created by Wavelet decompositions and simple wrapper curvelet. Curvelet is suitable for the image that contains oriented texture and cartoon edges. Recognition accuracy of the three layers back-propagation neural network classifier with wavelet is 51.1% and with curvelet is 75. 6% in digital images database.

Agbinya, JI & Lal, S 2011, 'A high capacity near-field inductive coupled MISO communication system for Internet of Things', 2011 6th International Conference on Broadband and Biomedical Communications (IB2Com), International Conference on Broadband and Biomedical Communications, IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 112-117.
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Communication between things (objects) could involve the use of near-field energy coupling between objects close to each other and radiating-near-field transmission for objects further afield. This paper therefore investigates the capacity of near field magnetically coupled communication systems in free space based on their equivalent circuit models. Only the capacity of near field magnetically coupled single-input-single-output (SISO) and multiple-input-single-output (MISO) inductive systems in free space are analyzed based on their equivalent circuit models. The analysis provides a basis for assessing the general inductively coupled MIMO communication system. We show that preferred architectures for placing the several MISO transmitter nodes are required to maximize the received power. The case for circular orbits around the receiver node which maximizes the received power several times compared to when only one transmitter is used (provided the crosstalk between the transmitters is insignificant) is demonstrated. The binary case on a circular orbit achieves eight times the capacity of a single-input-single-output system using identical system components and devices. We also demonstrate how to limit crosstalk through geometric architectures.

Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Uthman, M, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 2011, 'Ultra low bending loss spiral photonic crystal fibers in terahertz regime'.

Aguilera, RP & Quevedo, DE 2011, 'On stability and performance of finite control set MPC for power converters', PRECEDE 2011 - Workshop on Predictive Control of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics, Workshop on Predictive Control of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics, IEEE, Munich, Germany, pp. 55-62.
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In the present work, we provide sufficient conditions for local practical stability for a specific class of power converters controlled via Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control which can be modeled as linear time-invariant systems with quantized input. In addition, we also establish bounds on the steady state behaviour of such systems. As illustrative examples, we apply our results to two converters, namely, a buck DC-DC converter, and a 2-level DC-AC inverter in a dq-coordinate frame. © 2011 IEEE.

Aguilera, RP & Quevedo, DE 2011, 'On the stability of MPC with a finite input alphabet', Proceedings of the 18th World Congress The International Federation of Automatic Control, IFAC World Congress, IFAC, Milano, Italy, pp. 7975-7980.
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This paper studies stability of Model Predictive Control for systems with a finite input alphabet. Since this kind of systems may present a steady-state error under closedloop control, the forms is on stability in the sense of ultimate boundedness of solutions. To derive suffcient conditions for stability, two different approaches are presented. The first one approximates the finite input alphabet via saturation-control allowing us to analyze the problem from a robust control perspective. In the second approach, a direct analysis of the problem is carried out. The results thus obtained are shown to be less conservative regarding ultimate bounded set than those obtained via the robust control approach. © 2011 IFAC.

Ahmad, A, Huang, S, Wang, J & Dissanayake, G 2011, 'A new state vector for range-only SLAM', Proceedings of the 2011 Chinese Control and Decision Conference, Chinese Control and Decision Conference, IEEE, Mianyang, Sichuan, China, pp. 3413-3418.
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This paper considers the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem where the range-only sensor is used. Landmark initialization is a critical issue in rangeonly SLAM due to the lack of bearing information from the robot to the landmarks. A new state vector is proposed to be used in solving the range-only SLAM. In the new state vector, the landmark position is represented in different ways under different situations. This new representation avoids the need of multiple hypotheses on the landmark positions implemented in most of the existing range-only SLAM algorithms. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new range-only SLAM algorithm using the new state vector within the least squares framework.

Ahmad, MR, Rashid, M, Aziz, MHA, Esa, MM, Cooray, V, Rahman, M & Dutkiewicz, E 2011, 'Analysis of lightning-induced transient in 2.4 GHz wireless communication system', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Space Science and Communication: "Towards Exploring the Equatorial Phenomena", IconSpace 2011 - Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace), IEEE, Penang, Malaysia, pp. 225-230.
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This paper analyzes the effects of transient from lightning channel to wireless communication system operating in microwave band at 2.4 GHz. Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) measurement method has been used to capture 3 lightning flashes (naked eyes method) with 7 spikes recorded at r distance from the lightning channel base with fixed d Transmitter-Receiver (T-R) separation at 1 meter. The transient effects have been evaluated in terms of Electric Field Strength, Signal-to-Interference-Noise Ratio (SINR), Bit Error Rate (BER) and Packet Error Rate (PER). During the first lightning flash event, more than 50% of total transmitted packets were corrupted for at least 3 seconds duration. The same happens during the second and third lightning flash events with more than 40% and 15% packets corrupted for durations of 3 and 2 seconds respectively. Interestingly the most suffered traffic types are video and speech signal transmission while data transmission is not affected at all. © 2011 IEEE.

Ahmad, MY & Sanagavarapu, AM 2011, 'Multi-loop Bridge HF RFID Reader Antenna for Improved Positioning', Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference 2011, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, Engineers Australia, Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre, pp. 1426-1429.
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Abstract - This paper proposes a novel bridge-loop reader antenna for HF RFID with an aim to improve positioning accuracy when used for localizing moving objects on a tagged floor. The bridge-loop antenna provides additional information in form of error potential that can estimate displacement between antenna and a detected tag which helps to improve positioning. The effects of metallic objects on the antenna recognition area as well as impedance matching are also considered. Our simulation and experimental results show that the proposed bridge-loop antenna be able to produce variation in error potential when the reader moves over a tag allowing to estimate their relative positions. In addition to increasing positioning accuracy, it allows lower tag density.

Ahmed Talukder, S & Huynh, P 2011, 'Effects of Number of Stator Blades on the Performance of a Torque Converter', Proceedings of the 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, ASME, Denver, Colorado, USA, pp. 1-5.
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Torque converter (TC) is a totally enclosed hydrodynamic turbomachine, used most often in automobiles for the smooth transfer of power and speed change from the engine to the transmission, and torque magnification. A typical TC has 3 major components: a pump that is attached directly to the TC cover and connected to the engine shaft, a turbine connected to the transmission shaft, and a stator connected to the transmission housing via a one-way clutch and providing guidance for the fluid flow. In this work, effects of the number of stator blades on the performance of a TC are investigated numerically, using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package. The standard k-epsilon turbulence model was used. A Newtonian fluid whose properties correspond to industrial oil was used for the working fluid. The range of speed ratio (between turbine's speed and pump's) of 0.2-0.8 was considered. It was found that as the stator blades' number increases (here from 13 to 19), the TC's efficiency and torque ratio vary significantly, passing through minimum and generally also reaching a maximum.

Ahmed, LA, Nguyen, ND, Bjornerem, A, Joakimsen, RM, Jorgensen, L, Bliuc, D, Center, JR, Eisman, JA, Nguyen, TV & Emaus, N 2011, 'INDEPENDENT VALIDATION OF THE GARVAN NOMOGRAMS FOR PREDICTING ABSOLUTE FRACTURE RISK: TROMSO STUDY', OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL, IOF Regionals 2nd Asia-Pacific Osteoporosis and Bone Meeting / ANZBMS Annual Scientific Meeting held with the JSBMR, SPRINGER LONDON LTD, Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA, pp. S657-S658.

Ahmed, W, Aslam, MA, Shen, J & Yong, J 2011, 'A light weight approach for ontology generation and change synchronization between ontologies and source relational databases', Proceedings of the 2011 15th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, CSCWD 2011, pp. 208-214.
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Ontology is specification of shared conceptualization and is building block of the semantic Web. Ontology building requires a detailed domain analysis that in turn requires financial resources, intensive domain knowledge and time. Most of industrial data is present in relational databases and a relational database schema represents a domain model. An ontology built from this schema can represent concepts and relationships that are present in domain of discourse. However, databases are not static and their schema evolves over time. Once a database schema is changed, these changes in schema should also be incorporated in ontology, generated from this database. The possible solution of regenerating a new ontology from changed database schema is not feasible because this will result in loss of manual changes of ontology. In this paper we present an approach that can be used to generate ontology from RDBs and to synchronize the generated ontology with changes occurred in the same database. We also present the prototypical implementation of the proposed approach as Proté gé plug-in (i.e. DATAONTO) that can be used to generate ontology from database and to synchronize the ontology with the original database. © 2011 IEEE.

Ahuja, SS, Ramasubramanian, S & Krunz, M 2011, 'SRLG Failure Localization in Optical Networks', IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING, IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC, pp. 989-999.
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Al Sabbagh, A & Braun, RM 2011, 'A Markovian Model for Load-Balancing Based and Service Based Algorithms in B3G Networks', International Conference on Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (ICCNMC 2011), International Conference on Networking and Mobile Computing, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology (WASET), Dubai, UAE, pp. 827-833.
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Next Generation Wireless Network (NGWN) is expected to be a heterogeneous network which integrates all different Radio Access Technologies (RATs) through a common platform. A major challenge is how to allocate users to the most suitable RAT for them. An optimized solution can lead to maximize the efficient use of radio resources, achieve better performance for service providers and provide Quality of Service (QoS) with low costs to users. Currently, Radio Resource Management (RRM) is implemented efficiently for the RAT that it was developed. However, it is not suitable for a heterogeneous network. Common RRM (CRRM) was proposed to manage radio resource utilization in the heterogeneous network. This paper presents a user level Markov model for a three co-located RAT networks. The load-balancing based and service based CRRM algorithms have been studied using the presented Markov model. A comparison for the performance of load-balancing based and service based CRRM algorithms is studied in terms of traffic distribution, new call blocking probability, vertical handover (VHO) call dropping probability and throughput.

Al Sabbagh, A, Braun, RM & Abolhasan, M 2011, 'A Comprehensive Survey on RAT Selection Algorithms for Beyond 3G Networks', International Conference on Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (ICCNMC 2011), International Conference on Computer Networks and Mobile Computing, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology - WASET, Dubai, pp. 834-838.
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Due to the coexistence of different Radio Access Technologies (RATs), Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWN) are predicted to be heterogeneous in nature. The coexistence of different RATs requires a need for Common Radio Resource Management (CRRM) to support the provision of Quality of Service (QoS) and the efficient utilization of radio resources. RAT selection algorithms are part of the CRRM algorithms. Simply, their role is to verify if an incoming call will be suitable to fit into a heterogeneous wireless network, and to decide which of the available RATs is most suitable to fit the need of the incoming call and admit it. Guaranteeing the requirements of QoS for all accepted calls and at the same time being able to provide the most efficient utilization of the available radio resources is the goal of RAT selection algorithm. The normal call admission control algorithms are designed for homogeneous wireless networks and they do not provide a solution to fit a heterogeneous wireless network which represents the NGWN. Therefore, there is a need to develop RAT selection algorithm for heterogeneous wireless network. In this paper, we propose an approach for RAT selection which includes receiving different criteria, assessing and making decisions, then selecting the most suitable RAT for incoming calls. A comprehensive survey of different RAT selection algorithms for a heterogeneous wireless network is studied.

Al-hassan, MW, Lu, H & Lu, J 2010, 'Personalized e-Government Services: Tourism Recommender System Framework', Web Information Systems and Technologies - Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol 75 Part III, International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies, Springer, Valencia, Spain, pp. 173-178.
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Most governments around the globe use the internet and information technologies to deliver information and services for citizens and businesses. One of the main directions in the current e-government (e-Gov) development strategy is to provide better online services to citizens such that the required information can be located by citizens with less time and effort. Tourism is one of the main focused areas of e-Gov development strategy because it is one of the major profitable industries. Significant efforts have been devoted by governments to improve tourism services. However, the current e-Gov tourism services are limited to simple online presentation; intelligent e-Gov tourism services are highly desirable. Personalization techniques, particularly recommendation systems, are the most promising techniques to deliver personalized e-Gov (Pe-Gov) tourism services. This study proposes ontology-based personalized e-Gov tourism recommender system framework, which would enable tourism information seekers to locate the most interesting destinations and find the most preferable attractions and activities with less time and effort. The main components of the proposed framework and some outstanding features are presented along with a detailed description of a scenario.

Al-Hmouz, A, Shen, J, Yan, J & Al-Hmouz, R 2011, 'Modeling mobile learning system using ANFIS', Proceedings of the 2011 11th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, ICALT 2011, pp. 378-380.
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Personalisation is becoming more important in the area of mobile learning. Learner model is logically partitioned into smaller elements or classes in the form of learner profiles, which can represent the entire learning process. Machine learning techniques have the ability to detect patterns from complicated data and learn how to perform activities based on learner profiles. This paper focuses on a systematic approach in reasoning the learner contexts to deliver adaptive learning content. A fuzzy rule base model that has been proposed in related work is found insufficient in deciding all possible conditions. To tackle this problem, this paper adopts the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) approach to determine all possible conditions. ANFIS uses the hybrid (least-squares method and the back propagation gradient descent method) as learning mechanism for the Neural Network to determine the incompleteness in the decision made by human experts. The simulating results by Matlab indicate that the performance of ANFIS approach is valuable and easy to implement. © 2011 IEEE.

Al-Kilidar, H, Davis, S, Kutay, C & Killen, CP 2011, 'Towards Project Portfolio Management for Sustainable Outcomes in the Construction Industry', Proceedings of the Annual Project Management Australia Conference (PMOz): Project Management at the Speed of Light, Project Management conference, Project Management Australia, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-7.
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Al-Sharawneh, JA, Williams, M, Wang, X & Goldbaum, D 2011, 'Mitigating Risk in Web-Based Social Network Service Selection: Follow the Leader', The Sixth International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services (ICIW 2011), International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services, The International Academy, Research and Industry Association (IARIA), St. Maarten, The Netherlands Antilles, pp. 156-164.
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In the Service Web, a huge number of Web services compete to offer similar functionalities from distributed locations. Since no Web service is risk free, this paper aims to mitigate the risk in service selection using 'Follow the Leader' principle as a new approach for risk-reducing strategy. First, we define the user credibility model based on the 'Follow the Leader' principle in web-based social networks. Next we show how to evaluate the Web service credibility based on its trustworthiness and expertise. Finally, we present a dynamic selection model to select the best service with the perceived performance risk and customer risk-attitude considerations. To demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the new 'Follow the Leader' driven approach to alleviate the risk in service selection, we used a Social Network Analysis Studio (SNAS) to verify the validity of the proposed model. The empirical results incorporated in this paper, demonstrate that our approach is a significantly innovative approach as riskreducing strategy in service selection.

Alsukker, AS & Al-Ani, A 2011, 'An Enhanced Neural Network Ensemble for Automatic Sleep Scoring', International Conference on Communications and Information Technology (ICCIT 2011), International Conference on Communications and Information Technology, IEEE Xplore, Aqaba, Jordan, pp. 126-129.
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Improving the diversity of Neural Network Ensembles (NNE) plays an important role in creating robust classification systems in many fields. Several methods have been proposed in the literature to create such diversity using different sets of classifiers or using different portions of training/feature sets. Neural networks are often used as base classifiers in multiple classifier systems as they adapt easily to small changes in the training data, therefore creating diversity that is necessary to make the ensemble work. This paper presents a novel algorithm based on generating a set of classifiers such that each one of them is biased towards one of the target classes. This will improve the ensemble diversity and hence its performance. Results on sleep data sets show that the proposed method is able to outperform the traditional fusion algorithms of bagging and boosting.

Altaee, A 2011, 'Alternative design to dual stage NF seawater desalination using high rejection brackish water membranes', Separations Division - Core Programming Topic at the 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting, pp. 23-39.
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Copyright© (2011) by AIChE. All rights reserved. Dual stage NF membrane desalination process was proposed as an alternative approach to RO seawater desalination. Despite of being cheaper than RO desalination, dual stage NF process is not commercially applied yet due to the low overall recovery rate. In an attempt to increase the process recovery rate and reducing the operation complicity, Brackish Water RO membrane was used instead of NF in the second stage. ROSA software was used in this study to verify the applicability and cost-effectiveness of the NF-BW dual stage desalination process. Similarly to dual stage NF desalination process, an NF membrane was used in the first stage and BW membrane in the second stage. Permeate from NF membrane was used as a feed into the BW membranes. The effect of membrane type and seawater salinity on the process performance was investigated. For any given recovery rate and seawater salinity, the simulation results showed that the overall cost of NF-NF was slightly lower than the NF-BW process but that was on the cost of higher permeate TDS. For instance, at 43000 mg/l feed salinity the difference in the specific power consumption between NF-NF and NF-BW process was 0.38 kWh/m3. The permeate TDS was 125 mg/l for NF-BW and 1030 mg/l for NF-NF process. The difference in the permeate TDS between NF-NF and NF-BW process increased with increasing the feed salinity. In dual stage NF process, a low permeate was achieved at low recovery rate. For example, at 43000 mg/l feed salinity the permeate TDS from dual stage NF process was 359 mg/l when the overall recovery rate was 22%. It was also found that the effect of BW membrane type on the process efficiency was insignificant. Finally, the energy requirements of NF-NF and NF-BW were compared to a single stage RO desalination process. The specific power consumption at 43000 mg/l feed salinity was 4.58 kWh/m3, 4.2 kWh/m3 and 3.86 kWh/m3 for RO, NF-BW and NF-NF process respectively.

Altaee, A 2011, 'Forward osmosis: Potential use in desalination and water treatment', Separations Division - Core Programming Topic at the 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting, pp. 787-807.
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© 2011 AIChE. All rights reserved. There has been a recurring interest in using Forward Osmosis (FO) process in water treatment and desalination. The recent advance in membrane technology has encouraged further investment in the process technology. Despite the promising results from pilot and bench scale experiments the technology is still not commercialized yet. Obviously, this is due to the complicated nature of the process which usually involves multiple stages of treatment in addition to the FO membrane process. Unfortunately, most of the recent studies were focused on studying the FO process alone and didn't provide enough data about the actual cost of the process as whole which includes the osmotic agent regeneration stage/s. This issue resulted in some uncertainties about the total cost of the water treatment by the process. Furthermore, more data are required to evaluate the impact of the osmotic agent losses on the overall cost and efficiency. More data are required to evaluate the effect of salt diffusion from seawater to the draw solution on the product water quality. This is particularly important due to the salt accumulation in the system when the draw solution is recycled and reused. In case if the draw solution is regenerated by membrane treatment, a suitable membrane should be selected to ensure an optimal salt rejection. For power generation by Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) process, there was an evident progress. However, the process is site specific; i.e. It is dependent of the availability of the draw and donor solution. This suggested that the process is applicable to certain areas but can't be generalized. A quick review on the FO processes applications in water treatment and power generation is covered here to assess its potential use based on the recent development that have been made so far.

Altaee, A 2011, 'Forward osmosis: Potential use in desalination and water treatment', International Congress on Energy 2011 - Topical Conference at the 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting, pp. 79-99.
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© International Congress on Energy 2011 - Topical Conference at the 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting. All rights reserved. There has been a recurring interest in using Forward Osmosis (FO) process in water treatment and desalination. The recent advance in membrane technology has encouraged further investment in the process technology. Despite the promising results from pilot and bench scale experiments the technology is still not commercialized yet. Obviously, this is due to the complicated nature of the process which usually involves multiple stages of treatment in addition to the FO membrane process. Unfortunately, most of the recent studies were focused on studying the FO process alone and didn't provide enough data about the actual cost of the process as whole which includes the osmotic agent regeneration stage/s. This issue resulted in some uncertainties about the total cost of the water treatment by the process. Furthermore, more data are required to evaluate the impact of the osmotic agent losses on the overall cost and efficiency. More data are required to evaluate the effect of salt diffusion from seawater to the draw solution on the product water quality. This is particularly important due to the salt accumulation in the system when the draw solution is recycled and reused. In case if the draw solution is regenerated by membrane treatment, a suitable membrane should be selected to ensure an optimal salt rejection. For power generation by Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) process, there was an evident progress. However, the process is site specific; i.e. it is dependent of the availability of the draw and donor solution. This suggested that the process is applicable to certain areas but can't be generalized. A quick review on the FO processes applications in water treatment and power generation is covered here to assess its potential use based on the recent development that have been made so far.

Altaee, A 2011, 'Forward osmosis: Potential use in desalination and water treatment', Catalysis and Reaction Engineering Division - Core Programming Topic at the 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting, pp. 100-120.
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Copyright© (2011) by AIChE. All rights reserved. There has been a recurring interest in using Forward Osmosis (FO) process in water treatment and desalination. The recent advance in membrane technology has encouraged further investment in the process technology. Despite the promising results from pilot and bench scale experiments the technology is still not commercialized yet. Obviously, this is due to the complicated nature of the process which usually involves multiple stages of treatment in addition to the FO membrane process. Unfortunately, most of the recent studies were focused on studying the FO process alone and didnt provide enough data about the actual cost of the process as whole which includes the osmotic agent regeneration stage/s. This issue resulted in some uncertainties about the total cost of the water treatment by the process. Furthermore, more data are required to evaluate the impact of the osmotic agent losses on the overall cost and efficiency. More data are required to evaluate the effect of salt diffusion from seawater to the draw solution on the product water quality. This is particularly important due to the salt accumulation in the system when the draw solution is recycled and reused. In case if the draw solution is regenerated by membrane treatment, a suitable membrane should be selected to ensure an optimal salt rejection. For power generation by Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) process, there was an evident progress. However, the process is site specific; i.e. it is dependent of the availability of the draw and donor solution. This suggested that the process is applicable to certain areas but cant be generalized. A quick review on the FO processes applications in water treatment and power generation is covered here to assess its potential use based on the recent development that have been made so far.

Altaee, A 2011, 'Forward Osmosis: Potential use in desalination and water treatment', AIChE Annual Meeting, Conference Proceedings, AIChE Annual Meeting.
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There has been a recurring interest in using Forward Osmosis (FO) process in water treatment and desalination. The recent advance in membrane technology has encouraged further investment in the process technology. Despite the promising results from pilot and bench scale experiments the technology is still not commercialized yet. Obviously, this is due to the complicated nature of the process which usually involves multiple stages of treatment in addition to the FO membrane process. Unfortunately, most of the recent studies were focused on studying the FO process alone and didn't provide enough data about the actual cost of the process as whole which includes the osmotic agent regeneration stage/s. This issue resulted in some uncertainties about the total cost of the water treatment by the process. Furthermore, more data are required to evaluate the impact of the osmotic agent losses on the overall cost and efficiency. More data are required to evaluate the effect of salt diffusion from seawater to the draw solution on the product water quality. This is particularly important due to the salt accumulation in the system when the draw solution is recycled and reused. In case if the draw solution is regenerated by membrane treatment, a suitable membrane should be selected to ensure an optimal salt rejection. For power generation by Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) process, there was an evident progress. However, the process is site specific; i.e. it is dependent of the availability of the draw and donor solution. This suggested that the process is applicable to certain areas but can't be generalized. A quick review on the FO processes applications in water treatment and power generation is covered here to assess its potential use based on the recent development that have been made so far.

AlTaee, A & Sharif, AO 2011, 'Alternative design to dual stage NF seawater desalination using high rejection brackish water membranes', DESALINATION, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, pp. 391-397.
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Anaissi, A, Kennedy, PJ & Goyal, M 2011, 'Dimension reduction of microarray data based on local principal component', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, pp. 1176-1181.
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Analysis and visualization of microarraydata is veryassistantfor biologists and clinicians in the field of diagnosis and treatment of patients. It allows Clinicians to better understand the structure of microarray and facilitates understanding gene expression in cells. However, microarray dataset is a complex data set and has thousands of features and a very small number of observations. This very high dimensional data set often contains some noise, non-useful information and a small number of relevant features for disease or genotype. This paper proposes a non-linear dimensionality reduction algorithm Local Principal Component (LPC) which aims to maps high dimensional data to a lower dimensional space. The reduced data represents the most important variables underlying the original data. Experimental results and comparisons are presented to show the quality of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, experiments also show how this algorithm reduces high dimensional data whilst preserving the neighbourhoods of the points in the low dimensional space as in the high dimensional space.

Anaissi, A, Kennedy, PJ & Goyal, ML 2011, 'Feature Selection of Imbalanced Gene Expression Microarray Data', Proceedings 12th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing, International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing, IEEE Computer Society, Sydney, pp. 73-78.
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Gene expression data is a very complex data set characterised by abundant numbers of features but with a low number of observations. However, only a small number of these features are relevant to an outcome of interest. With this kind of data set, feature selection becomes a real prerequisite. This paper proposes a methodology for feature selection for an imbalanced leukaemia gene expression data based on random forest algorithm. It presents the importance of feature selection in terms of reducing the number of features, enhancing the quality of machine learning and providing better understanding for biologists in diagnosis and prediction. Algorithms are presented to show the methodology and strategy for feature selection taking care to avoid overfitting. Moreover, experiments are done using imbalanced Leukaemia gene expression data and special measurement is used to evaluate the quality of feature selection and performance of classification.

Anand, S, Nylk, J, Dodds, C, Cooper, JM, Neale, SN & McGloin, D 2011, 'Optical manipulation of Aerosols using Surface Acoustic Wave Nebulisation', OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION VIII, Conference on Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation VIII, SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, San Diego, CA.
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Anand, S, Nylk, J, Dodds, C, Neale, SL, Cooper, JM & McGloin, D 2011, 'Loading aerosol optical traps using surface acoustic wave devices', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers.
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We make use of surface acoustic wave nebulization to introduce airborne particles into optical traps in a robust and repeatable manner. We demonstrate the facile loading of aerosols such as organic liquids and solid particles. © 2011 OSA: BODA/NTM/OMP/OTA.

Andrews, T, Dyson, LE, Smyth, R & Wallace, R 2011, 'The Ethics of M-Learning: Classroom Threat or Enhanced Learner Agency?', Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Mobile and Contextual Learning, World Conference on Mobile and Contextual Learning, International Association for Mobile Learning, Beijing, pp. 295-302.
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Ubiquitous access to mobile technologies is expanding rapidly. In a changing world, where social work and learning activies increasingly occur 'on the go' mediated by a wide vairety of mobile devices, there is a growing expectation that these tools will be utilized for teaching and learning activities in higher education. However, along with the opportunities offered by mobile learning come concerns related to issues of privacy and security whithin classroom situations. The authors of this paper suggest that while mobile learning does indeed come with risks, there is a need to take a proactive approach to managing the ethical issues that the use of these tools in educational settings can create. Considering mobile learning as part of a transition to a more mobile society, the authours argue that ethical issues need to be considered within this social framework and that the onus is on institutions to develop protocols and policy to enable and support responsible use of mobile devices as tools to support mobile learning. Moreover, mobile devices in education should not be seen merely as a problem to be managed, but as offering the potential to enabance the agency of all learners, including those who have been disenfranchised by traditional teaching approaches.

Ansari, YHH, Merifield, RS & Sheng, DC 2011, 'A numerical study on the applicability of the piezocone interpretation methods for hydraulic conductivity of clays', Computer Methods for Geomechanics: Frontiers and New Applications, pp. 442-448.
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During the last three decades, attempts have been made to obtain genuine interpretation methods for estimating the fl ow characteristics of fi ne grained soils through piezocone dissipation tests. Interpretation of these dissipation tests is however often based on various simplifying assumptions and has not been extensively calibrated against experimental or numerical results. In this research, piezocone penetration and dissipation tests are modelled numerically using large deformation fi nite element analysis with contact formulation. The effectiveness of the two widely used interpretation methods of Teh & Houlsby (1991) and Sully & Campanella (1994) is studied. It is found that the reliability of these methods is signifi cantly affected by the assumptions adopted. In addition, irrespective of their accuracy, the interpretation methods in the literature are found to be only applicable to normally consolidated to lightly overconsolidated soils.

Antle, AN, Marshall, P & van den Hoven, E 2011, 'Workshop on Embodied Interaction: Theory and Practice in HCI', Proceedings of CHI Extended Abstracts 2011, ACM, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 5-8.
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For over ten years researchers in human-computer interaction (HCI) have explored an embodied perspective that seeks to describe and explain the fundamental role played by the physical body in how we experience, interact with and understand computation in the world we live in. Recently, such a perspective has been used to discuss human actions and interactions with a range of computational applications including tangibles, mobiles, wearables, tabletops and interactive environments. This workshop aims to enable participants to critically explore the different approaches to incorporating an embodied perspective in HCI research, and to develop a shared set of understandings and identification of differences, similarities and synergies between our research approaches.

Aoki, Y, Samali, B, Saleh, A & Valipour Goudarzi, H 2011, 'Impact of sudden failure of cables on the dynamic performance of a cable-stayed bridge', The Austroads 8th Bridge Conferences - Sustainable Bridges: The Thread of Society - proceedings Volume II, Austroads Bridge Conference, Austroads Incorporated, Sydney, Australia, pp. 310-321.
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In cable stayed bridges corrosion and fatigue as well as extreme loadings such as earthquake, lightning strike and blast may lead to loss of cables. The vulnerability of cable stayed bridges for such cable loss scenarios has not been thoroughly investigated yet and is not considered in the current design practice. Accordingly, in this paper a primary study on vulnerability of cable stayed bridges against such extreme scenarios is undertaken. A two-dimensional Finite Element (FE) model of a cable-stayed bridge is developed in ANSYS. The mid-span of the bridge studied in this paper is 600 meter long and made of a steel box. The bridge is supported by two 140 meter tall steel towers and 56 steel cables. The bridge is analysed for two different cable loss scenarios and the global response of the structure (i.e. deformation of the bridge, bending moment at mid-span of the deck and the base of the tower, and axial force for deck and each cable) following the cable loss scenarios are studied. Further, dynamic amplification factors (DAF) for deflections and internal forces are determined by comparing the results of static analysis with the results obtained from transient dynamic analysis.

Apeh, E & Gabrys, B 2011, 'Change mining of customer profiles based on transactional data', Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, ICDM, pp. 560-567.
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Customer transactions tend to change overtime with changing customer behaviour patterns. Classifier models, however, are often designed to perform prediction on data which is assumed to be static. These classifier models thus deteriorate in performance overtime when predicting in the context of evolving data. Robust adaptive classification models are therefore needed to detect and adjust to the kind of changes that are common in transactional data. This paper presents an investigation into using change mining to monitor the adaptive classification of customers based on their transactions through a moving time window. Results from our experiments show that our approach can be used for learning and adapting to changing customer profiles. © 2011 IEEE.

Apeh, ET, Gabrys, B & Schierz, A 2011, 'Customer profile classification using transactional data', Proceedings of the 2011 3rd World Congress on Nature and Biologically Inspired Computing, NaBIC 2011, pp. 37-43.
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Customer profiles are by definition made up of factual and transactional data. It is often the case that due to reasons such as high cost of data acquisition and/or protection, only the transactional data are available for data mining operations. Transactional data, however, tend to be highly sparse and skewed due to a large proportion of customers engaging in very few transactions. This can result in a bias in the prediction accuracy of classifiers built using them towards the larger proportion of customers with fewer transactions. This paper investigates an approach for accurately and confidently grouping and classifying customers in bins on the basis of the number of their transactions. The experiments we conducted on a highly sparse and skewed real-world transactional data show that our proposed approach can be used to identify a critical point at which customer profiles can be more confidently distinguished. © 2011 IEEE.

Ardalany, M, Deam, B, Fragiacomo, M & Crews, KI 2010, 'Tension perpendicular to grain strength of wood, Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL), and Cross-Banded LVL (LVL-C)', Incorporating Sustainable Practice in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 21st Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM21), Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press/Balkema, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 891-896.
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Recent experimental tests carried out on structural timber members have highlighted the importance of tension perpendicular to grain strength, particularly in beams with holes and notches, in connection regions, in curved beams, and in post-tensioned timber frames, Innovative engineered wood products such as Cross Banded Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL-C) have been introduced into the market specifically to improve the perpendicular to grain properties of normal Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL), This paper reports on tests that were performed at the University of Canterbury using specimens of sawn timber Radiata Pine, LVL and LVL-C. The perpendicular to grain tension strengths of LVL was generally lower than those for sawn timber, but the LVL-C showed a significantly improved strength. The paper also compares the experimental results with strengths predicted using both coupled elastic Finite Element Method (FEM) and Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) models. These models were found to predict the average strength with reasonable accuracy.

Arefin, AS, Inostroza-Ponta, M, Mathieson, L, Berretta, R & Moscato, P 2011, 'Clustering nodes in large-scale biological networks using external memory algorithms', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, Springer, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 375-386.
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Novel analytical techniques have dramatically enhanced our understanding of many application domains including biological networks inferred from gene expression studies. However, there are clear computational challenges associated to the large datasets generated from these studies. The algorithmic solution of some NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems that naturally arise on the analysis of large networks is difficult without specialized computer facilities (i.e. supercomputers). In this work, we address the data clustering problem of large-scale biological networks with a polynomial-time algorithm that uses reasonable computing resources and is limited by the available memory. We have adapted and improved the MSTkNN graph partitioning algorithm and redesigned it to take advantage of external memory (EM) algorithms. We evaluate the scalability and performance of our proposed algorithm on a well-known breast cancer microarray study and its associated dataset. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Argente, E, Ghassan, B, Fuentes-Fernandez, R, Henderson-Sellers, B & Low, GC 2009, 'Modelling with Agents', Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6038: Agent-Oriented Software Engineering X, Agent-Oriented Software Engineering Workshop, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 157-168.
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Modelling is gaining relevance in Agent-Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE) because of two main reasons. Firstly, the conceptual frameworks have reached a level of maturity that makes it reasonable to devote effort to seek a consensus in modelling languages, including tool support. Secondly, the influence of model-driven engineering emphasizes the potential value of having models at the core of development processes. This survey analyzes these changes in AOSE modelling languages along three dimensions. The semantic dimension refers to the concepts considered in the languages. The syntactic dimension covers the technical means by which languages are defined. The operational dimension regards the use of these languages, considering both their support and acceptance. The overall context for this discussion is the comparison of several modern AOSE approaches.

Ariffin, SA & Dyson, LE 2011, 'Students' Perspectives on Local Content: A Preliminary Study Towards Evaluating the Usefulness of Malay Mobile Cultural Content', 10th World Conference on Mobile and Contextual Learning, World Conference on Mobile and Contextual Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing China, pp. 464-471.
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Mobile learning is a new growth opportunity in developing countries like Malaysia where local content or cultural content which has traditional cultural elements are still novel. Because of the westernisation and globalisation of content and media, especially in mobile learning, local knowledge content is often neglected. It is alarming that one day local university students may not be able to appreciate, know and learn about their Malay cultural subjects. The research is mixed method qualitative and quantitative and of an exploratory nature, and the aim of this research is to investigate the area which has potential for Malay cultural content due to its learning usefulness. A pilot survey has been conducted to discover areas which have the potential for creating appropriate local content for public university students and is discussed in this paper. Future research undertaken will include in-depth interviews, observations, focus groups and questionnaires involving Malay students from a public Malaysian Institution of Higher Learning.

Ariffin, SA, Dyson, LE & Hoskins-McKenzie, D 2011, 'Specialist's perspectives on mobile content in Malaysia', Proceedings of 16th IBIMA Conference International Business Information Management Association, Kuala Lumpur, International Business Information Management, IBIMA, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 401-409.
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In Malaysia, there has been a growing concern about the lack of local content for media, for example, for television, radio, films, the internet and, in more recent years, mobile phones. In order to ascertain the current situation with regards to local content specifically for mobile phones, interviews were conducted with Malaysian mobile technology experts. The results showed that there is some local content available but the variety is limited. Issues that need to be resolved include low numbers of mobile content developers, lack of standardization of mobile phones, a limited market for Malaysian mobile content, and lack of infrastructure in rural areas. Despite these limitations, the Malaysian Government has launched a number of exciting initiatives in conjunction with local telcos to motivate students at high school and university to produce more interesting local content.

Ariffin, SA, Dyson, LE & Hoskins-McKenzie, D 2011, 'Specialists' Perspectives on Mobile Content in Malaysia', INNOVATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: A GLOBAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE, VOLS 1-4, 16th International-Business-Information-Management-Association Conference, INT BUSINESS INFORMATION MANAGEMENT ASSOC-IBIMA, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA, pp. 1-+.

Arslanagic, S, Liu, Y, Malureanu, R & Ziolkowski, RW 2011, 'Cylindrical active coated nano-particles excited by electric and magnetic line sources', Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2011, European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, Rome, Italy, pp. 825-829.
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Cylindrical active coated nano-particles comprised of a silica nano-cylinder core covered with a plasmonic nano-shell are investigated with regard to their near- and far-field properties. The source of excitation is taken to be an electric or a magnetic line current, while three different plasmonic materials are employed for the nano-shells, namely silver, gold and copper. © 2011 EurAAP.

Arslanagic, S, Mostafavi, M, Malureanu, R & Ziolkowski, RW 2011, 'Spherical active coated nano-particles - impact of the electric Hertzian dipole orientation', Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2011, European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, Rome, Italy, pp. 2064-2068.
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Spherical active coated nano-particles comprised of a silica nano-cylinder core covered with a plasmonic nano-shell are investigated with regard to their near- and far-field properties. The source of excitation is taken to be that of a tangential or a radial electric Hertizan dipole while three different plasmonic materials are employed for the nano-shells, namely silver, gold and copper. © 2011 EurAAP.

Ashmalla, A, Beydoun, G & Low, G 2009, 'Towards Agent Oriented Approach for Call Management', Information Systems Development: Asian Experiences, International Conference on Information Systems Development, Springer, Nanchang, China, pp. 345-356.
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There is more chance of a completed sale if the end customers and relationship managers are suitably matched. This in turn can reduce the number of calls made by a call centre reducing operational costs such as working time and phone bills. This chapter is part of ongoing research aimed at helping a CMC to make better use of its personnel and equipment while maximizing the value of the service it offers to its client companies and end customers. This is accomplished by ensuring the optimal use of resources with appropriate real-time scheduling and load balancing and matching the end customers to appropriate relationship managers. In a globalized market, this may mean taking into account the cultural environment of the customer, as well as the appropriate profile and/or skill of the relationship manager to communicate effectively with the end customer. The chapter evaluates the suitability of a MAS to a call management system and illustrates the requirement analysis phase using i∗ models.

Askari, M, Li, J & Samali, B 2011, 'Semi-Active LQG Control of Seismically Excited Nonlinear Buildings using Optimal Takagi-Sugeno Inverse Model of MR Dampers', Procedia Engineering: The Proceedings of the Twelfth East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction EASEC12, East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction, Elsevier, Hong Kong, pp. 2765-2772.
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A novel semi-active control method for a seismically excited nonlinear benchmark building equipped with magnetorheological (MR) dampers is presented and evaluated in this paper. While Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller is designed to estimate the optimal control force of a MR damper, the required voltage input for the damper to produce such control force is achieved by a proposed optimal Takagi- Sogeno(T-S) fuzzy inverse model. The proposed T-S fuzzy inverse model of dampers is derived using subtractive clustering, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGAII) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). The effectiveness of this strategy is illustrated and verified using simulated response of a 20-storey full-scale nonlinear benchmark building excited by several historical earthquake records. The designed semi-active system is compared with the performances of active control as well as clipped optimal control (COC) systems, which are based on the same nominal controller as is used in this study. The results are discussed based on the evaluation criteria suggested for the benchmark problem by International Association for Structural Control and Monitoring (IASCM) for comparison with other algorithms and demonstrate the superiority of this scheme over other strategies.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2011, 'A Comparison of the Bond Characteristics in Conventional and Self-Compacting Concrete, Part I: Experimental Results', 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, New Zealand Concrete Society, Rotorua, New Zealand, pp. 435-442.
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a very flowing material that can flow through the reinforcement and fill the formworks without any need of vibration during the concrete placement process. The material properties of SCC including bond characteristics must be well understood in order to use this type of high performance concrete in structural members broadly. This paper presents a comparison of the experimental results from the nine recent investigations on the bond strength of SCC and conventional concrete (CC). The comparison is based on the measured bond between reinforcing steel and concrete by utilizing the pullout test on the embedded bars at various heights in mock-up structural elements to assess the top-bar effect and on single bars in small prismatic specimens and conducting the beam tests. The investigated affecting parameters on bond strength are: the steel bar diameter, concrete compressive strength, types of bar (plain or deformed), embedded length of the bar, concrete type, concrete cover, curing age of concrete, casting direction of concrete and height of the embedded bar along the formwork.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2011, 'A Comparison of the Bond Characteristics in Conventional and Self-Compacting Concrete, Part II: Code Provisions and Empirical Equations', 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, New Zealand Concrete Society, Rotorua, New Zealand, pp. 443-450.
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a highly workable concrete that flows through complex structural elements under its own weight. It is cohesive enough to fill the spaces of almost any size and shape without segregation or bleeding. This makes SCC become more practical wherever concrete placing is difficult, such as in heavily-reinforced concrete members or in complicated formworks. Bond behaviour between concrete and reinforcement is a primary factor in design of reinforced concrete structures. This study presents a comparison between code provisions and empirical equations with the experimental results from the recent studies on the bond strength of SCC and conventional concrete (CC). The comparison is based on the measured bond between reinforcing steel and concrete by utilizing the pullout test on the embedded bars at various heights in mock-up structural elements to assess the top-bar effect and on single bars in small prismatic specimens; and conducting the beam tests. The investigated varying parameters on bond strength are: the steel bar diameter, concrete compressive strength, concrete type, curing age of concrete and height of the embedded bar along the formwork.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2011, 'Comparison of Creep Prediction Models for Self-Compacting and Conventional Concrete', 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, New Zealand Concrete Society, Rotorua, New Zealand, pp. 1-10.
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Realistic prediction of concrete creep is of crucial importance for durability and long-term serviceability of concrete structures. To date, research about the behaviour of self-compacting concrete (SCC) members, especially concerning the long-term performance, is rather limited. Hence, the realistic SCC creep strain prediction is an important requirement of the design process of this type of concrete structures. SCC is quite different from conventional concrete (CC) in mixture proportions and applied materials, particularly in the presence of aggregate which is limited. This paper reviews the accuracy of the creep prediction models proposed by six international codes of practice, including: CEB-FIP 1990, ACI 209R (1992), Eurocode 2 (2001), AASHTO (2004), AASHTO (2007) and AS 3600 (2009). The predicted creep strains are compared with actual measured creep strains in 60 mixtures of SCC and 17 mixtures of CC. The affecting parameters on the creep of SCC including: the water to binder ratio, binder to aggregate ratio, sand ratio, and curing age are investigated and discussed.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2011, 'Comparison of Shrinkage Prediction Models for Self-Compacting and Conventional Concrete', 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete Committee, New Zealand Concrete Society, Rotorua, New Zealand, pp. 1-10.
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One of the reasons for the use of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is to improve the long-term behaviour and durability of concrete structures. However, shrinkage of SCC may be larger than conventional concrete (CC) because SCC has higher binder content and a lower coarse aggregate volume. Therefore, accurate prediction of the shrinkage deformation is an important aspect of the long term behaviour of concrete. In this study, experimental shrinkage results for 154 mixtures of SCC and 18 mixtures of CC are compared with the shrinkage strains that are calculated using the following models: CEB-FIP 1990, ACI 209R (1992), Eurocode 2 (2001), AASHTO (2004), AASHTO (2007) and AS 3600 (2009). The influence of various parameters, such as mixture design, cement content, filler content, aggregate content, and water cement ratio (w/c) on the shrinkage of SCC are also compared and discussed.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2011, 'Comparison of the Analytical Models to Determine Modulus of Elasticity of Self-Compacting Concrete and Conventional Concrete', Structural Engineers World Congress 2011, Structural Engineers World Congress, SEWC, Como, Italy, pp. 1-11.
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) can be placed under its own weight with no vibration efforts and is cohesive enough to be handled without segregation and bleeding. Modification in the mix design may have an influence on the materialâs mechanical properties. Therefore, it is important to investigate that whether all of the assumed hypotheses for conventional concrete (CC) to design the structures are also valid for SCC construction. Indubitably, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) is one of the most important mechanical properties which influences the durability and service life of reinforced concrete. MOE represents the stress-strain relationship of concrete in the elastic range and depends on the stiffness of the cement paste and aggregate, porosity, the interfacial transition zone, size of samples, and mixture proportions. This paper reviews the accuracy of the seven models for prediction of MOE for SCC and fifteen models for CC. The predicted MOE models are compared with the actual measured experimental values in 110 mixtures of SCC and 32 mixtures of CC.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2011, 'Evaluation and Comparison of Analytical Models to Determine the Bond Characteristics of Steel Fibre Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete', 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, New Zealand Concrete Society, Rotorua, New Zealand, pp. 1-8.
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Steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) can be placed and compacted under its self weight with little or no mechanical vibration. It is at the same time cohesive enough to be casted without segregation or bleeding. Steel fibres improve many of the properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) elements including tensile strength, ductility, toughness, energy absorption capacity, fracture toughness and cracking. Although the available research regarding the influence of steel fibres on the properties of SFRSCC is limited, this paper investigates the bond characteristics between steel fibre and SCC. This by comparison of the five analytical models including (i.e. Naaman et al. (1991a,b), Dubey (1999), Cunha (2007), Soranakom (2008) and Lee et al. (2010)) with the experimental results from the four recently conducted single fibre pull-out tests. The influence of the fibre end hook, embedded length, fibre orientation angle, on the bond characteristic between fibre and SCC are determined and discussed. The accuracy of each analytical model also has been examined.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2011, 'Evaluation and Comparison of the Analytical Models to Determine Tensile Strength of Self-Compacting Concrete and Conventional Concrete', Structural Engineers World Congress 2011, Structural Engineers World Congress, SEWC, Como, Italy, pp. 1-11.
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Differences in mixture proportions and applied materials between self-compacting concrete (SCC) and conventional concrete (CC) can result in an essentially effect on the physical properties and on the mechanical properties. Therefore, it is important to investigate that whether all of the assumed hypotheses for CC to design the structures are also valid for SCC construction. The tensile strength (TS) of concrete is important to predict the initiation of cracking of concrete members when it is subjected to external loads or by shrinkage alone. For design considerations, the shear, punching, anchorage, crack control, and minimum reinforcement directly depend on the tensile strength of the concrete. Relation between tensile and compressive strength of concrete changes by various factors including, the aggregate type and particle size distribution, age of the concrete, curing process and air content. This paper reviews the accuracy of the six models for SCC and nineteen models for CC for determining the TS of concrete. The predicted results are compared with the actual measured TS of concrete from the previously conducted experimental results in 86 mixtures of SCC and 26 mixtures of CC.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2011, 'Evaluation and Comparison of the Analytical Models to Predict Creep and Shrinkage Behavior of Self-Compacting Concrete', Structural Engineers World Congress 2011, Structural Engineers World Congress, SEWC, Como, Italy, pp. 1-10.
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In the structures whose long-term behavior should be monitored and controlled, creep and shrinkage effects have to be included precisely in the analysis and design procedures. Creep and shrinkage, vary with the constituent and mixtures proportions, and depend on the curing conditions and work environment as well. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) contains combinations of various components, such as aggregate, cement, superplasticizer, water-reducing agent and other ingredients which affect the properties of the SCC including creep and shrinkage of the SCC. Hence, the realistic prediction creep and shrinkage strains of SCC are an important requirement of the design process of this type of concrete structures. In this study, three proposed creep models and four shrinkage models available in the literature are compared with the measured results of 52 mixtures for creep and 165 mixtures for shrinkage of SCC. The influence of various parameters, such as mixture design, cement content, filler content, aggregate content, and water cement ratio (w/c) on the creep and shrinkage of SCC are also compared and discussed.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2011, 'Evaluation of Experimental Results to Determine the Bond Characteristics of Steel Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete', Structural Engineers World Congress 2011, Structural Engineers World Congress, SEWC, Como, Italy, pp. 1-8.
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Steel fibers can improve many of the properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) elements including tensile resistance and crack control, ductility, toughness, energy absorption capacity, and resistance to fatigue. However, the structural behavior depends on the composite action of the concrete and steel in resisting the external loads. If steel fiber undergoes the same strain or deformation as the surrounding concrete, no slip occurs between the two materials under load and a prefect bond exists. Indubitably, prediction of accurate behavior of the composite material requires precise modeling and determining of the bond characteristics. In fiber reinforced concrete (FRC), the interface between fiber and cement paste is the weakest link of the micro-structure. Therefore, the study of the behavior of fiber-paste interface is vital for understanding the mechanism of the composite behavior. This paper presents a comparison of the experimental results from the four recent investigations on the bond characteristics of steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC). The comparison is based on the measured bond stresses between steel fiber and SCC by utilizing a single fiber pullout test. The influences of the fiber end hook, embedded length, fiber orientation angle, concrete age, and concrete cover on the pullout test of the fibers were also investigated.

Åslund, ML, Canagasabey, A, Liu, Y,