Publications

Bagia, R, Eager, DM & Walmsley, M 2011, Project Management for Engineers, 1, McGrawHill Australia Pty.Ltd., Australia.
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A textbook for Undergraduate and postgraduate students of project management

Bagia, R, Eager, DM & Walmsley, M 2011, Project Management in Engineering and Information Technology, 1st, McGraw-Hill, Sydney, Australia.

Cameron, I, Crosthwaite, C, Shallcross, D, Hadgraft, R, Dalvean, J, Maynard, N, Tade, M, Kavanagh, J & Lukey, G 2011, Addressing interdisciplinary process engineering design, construction and operations through 4D virtual environments, Elsevier.
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Indraratna, B, Salim, W & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2011, Advanced Rail Geotechnology - Ballasted Track, CRC Press.
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Ballast plays a vital role in transmitting and distributing train wheel loads to the underlying sub-ballast and subgrade. Bearing capacity of track, train speed, riding quality and passenger comfort all depend on the stability of ballast through mechanical interlocking of particles. Ballast attrition and breakage occur progressively under heavy cyclic loading, causing track deterioration and rail misalignment-affecting safety and demanding frequent and costly track maintenance. In the absence of realistic constitutive models, the track substructure is traditionally designed using empirical approaches. In Advanced Rail Geotechnology: Ballasted Track, the authors present detailed information on the strength, deformation and degradation, and aspects of fresh and recycled ballast under monotonic, cyclic, and impact loading using innovative geotechnical testing devices. The book presents a new stress-strain constitutive model for ballast incorporating particle breakage and validates mathematical formulations and numerical models using experimental evidence and field trials. The text also elucidates the effectiveness of various commercially available geosynthetics for enhancing track drainage and stability. It presents revised ballast gradations for modern high-speed trains capturing particle breakage and describes the use of geosynthetics in track design. It also provides insight into track design, capturing particle degradation, fouling, and drainage. This book is ideal for final year civil engineering students and postgraduates and is a solid reference for practicing railway engineers and researchers with the task of modernizing existing track designs for heavier and faster trains.

Jakovich, J, Schweitzer, J, Brookes, WC, Edwards, M, Jupp, JR, Kirchner, NG & Nikolova, N 2011, U.lab An Emerging Interdisciplinary Framework for Innovation Projects at UTS, 1, DAB Documents Faculty of Design, Architecture & Building University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Design thinking aims to capture designers' creativity-driven approach to innovation that can be applied to anything from physical products and intangible services, to formulating and solving complex social problems. Design thinking promotes a particular mind-set that takes the user experience, or a human-centred perspective, as point of departure. While research into the application of design thinking to business problems is well documented, the utilisation of design thinking in university innovation is limited to few cases, and requires better understanding of how to establish design thinking capacity in an academic collaboration context. This research establishes an interdisciplinary design thinking framework at the University of Technology, Sydney, that forms the basis for three experimental projects. New design thinking tools, such as '5X5' and 'faceboard', are developed and a novel public and university innovation program is tested over ten repeated scenarios. The design thinking framework can be adopted for practice and further research. This volume documents the first-steps taken by a cross-faculty university group towards developing an interdisciplinary innovation capacity. It demonstrates how through trialling the practices and methods of design thinking, a deep appreciation of designing, thinking, and practicing creativity emerges across non-design participants. Diverse disciplinary backgrounds and perspectives are illustrated as a source of opportunity to address complex teaching and research challenges. 'U.Lab - It's About You' is published by DAB Docs, University of Technology, Sydney.

Law, S-S & Zhu, X-Q 2011, Moving Loads – Dynamic Analysis and Identification Techniques Structures and Infrastructures Book Series, CRC Press.
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This volume provides a comprehensive treatment on this topic with the vehicle-bridge system for an illustration of the moving load problem.

Mueller, J & Stewart, MG 2011, Terror, Security, and Money, Oxford University Press.
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Sun, J & Buys, N 2011, Working memory in infants.
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This book examines working memory in preterm and full-term infants at eight months after the expected date of delivery. Although numerous studies have reported that the overall development of preterm infants is comparable to that of full-term infants at the same corrected age, it is unclear to what extent the development of specific cognitive abilities is affected by prematurity and/or other factors such as medical complications. As preterm infants have a high rate of learning difficulties, it is possible that factors associated with prematurity specifically affect the development of some regions of the brain associated with working memory. © 2011 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Wang, Z, Huang, S & Dissanayake, G 2011, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping, WORLD SCIENTIFIC.
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Wang, Z, Huang, S & Dissanayake, G 2011, Simultaneous localization and mapping: Exactly sparse information filters, 1, World Scientific Publishing, Singapore.
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Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is a process where an autonomous vehicle builds a map of an unknown environment while concurrently generating an estimate for its location. This book is concerned with computationally efficient solutions to the large scale SLAM problems using exactly sparse Extended Information Filters (EIF). The invaluable book also provides a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the properties of the information matrix in EIF-based algorithms for SLAM. Three exactly sparse information filters for SLAM are described in detail, together with two efficient and exact methods for recovering the state vector and the covariance matrix. Proposed algorithms are extensively evaluated both in simulation and through experiments.

Xu, G, Zhang, Y & Li, L 2011, Web Mining and Social Networking, 1, Springer US, Germany.
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This book examines the techniques and applications involved in the Web Mining, Web Personalization and Recommendation and Web Community Analysis domains, including a detailed presentation of the principles, developed algorithms, and systems of the research in these areas. The applications of web mining, and the issue of how to incorporate web mining into web personalization and recommendation systems are also reviewed. Additionally, the volume explores web community mining and analysis to find the structural, organizational and temporal developments of web communities and reveal the societal sense of individuals or communities. The volume will benefit both academic and industry communities interested in the techniques and applications of web search, web data management, web mining and web knowledge discovery, as well as web community and social network analysis.

Alem, L, Furio, D, Juan, C & Ashworth, P 2011, 'Effect of Collaboration and Competition in an Augmented Reality Mobile Game' in Recent Trends of Mobile Collaborative Augmented Reality Systems, Springer New York, pp. 109-116.
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Alem, L, Tecchia, F & Huang, W 2011, 'HandsOnVideo: Towards a Gesture based Mobile AR System for Remote Collaboration' in Recent Trends of Mobile Collaborative Augmented Reality Systems, Springer New York, pp. 135-148.
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Beylier, MR, Balaguer, MD, Colprim, J, Pellicer-Nàcher, C, Ni, B-J, Smets, BF, Sun, S-P & Wang, R-C 2011, 'Biological Nitrogen Removal From Domestic Wastewater' in Comprehensive Biotechnology, Elsevier, pp. 285-296.
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Nitrogen (N) removal from domestic wastewater is widely performed by nitrification coupled to heterotrophic denitrification. However, the organic carbon (C)-to-N ratio (C/N) in the wastewater is frequently too low to achieve proper N-removal efficiencies and external organic C sources are often necessary to support the process and meet the discharge standards for total N (TN), increasing the process cost. The main cost, however, remains the high energy demand to provide the aeration necessary for nitrification. Alternatives have been developed to reduce the need for organic C source. The anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic process (A2/O), simultaneous nitrification/denitrification, shortcut nitrification, or nitrifier bioaugmentation are feasible solutions to upgrade wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The combined and simultaneous use of autotrophic aerobic and anaerobic microbialammonium (NH4+) conversions (i.e., anaerobic ammonium oxidation; anammox) provide the most cost-effective solutions, as they obviate the need for an organic C source and reduce the aeration costs by more than 40%, compared to the traditional nitrification/denitrification paradigm. The first full-scale applications that take advantage of combined aerobic/anaerobic ammonium oxidation have been implemented to remove N from sludge digester effluent streams. In this way, the N load to the main liquid treatment train of the WWTP can be reduced by 10-30% with important cost savings. A current challenge involves control of gaseous N-oxide emissions (NO and N2O) from N-removal processes. New technologies, such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are developed aiming at energy-balanced WWTPs. This chapter reviews the existing technologies for effective biological N removal, with attention to anaerobic processes.

Brown, SA, Tong, L, Luo, Q & Gong, X-J 2011, 'Mixed mode energy release rates for bonded composite joints' in Composite Joints and Connections, Elsevier, pp. 435-462.
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Cetindamar, D, Çatay, B & Basmaci, OS 2011, 'Managing Innovation Driven Companies' in Tschirky, H, Herstatt, C, Probert, D, Gemuenden, H-G, Colombo, MG, Durand, T, De Weerd-Nederhof, PC & Schweisfurth, T (eds), Managing Innovation Driven Companies: Approaches in Practice, Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 137-157.
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Cetindamar, D, Çatay, B & Basmaci, OS 2011, 'Performance Measurement in Supply Chain Collaboration' in Managing Innovation Driven Companies, Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 137-157.
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Chen, Y, Wu, Q & He, X 2011, 'Human Action Recognition Based on Radon Transform.' in Lin, W, Tao, D, Kacprzyk, J, Li, Z, Izquierdo, E & Wang, H (eds), Multimedia Analysis, Processing and Communications, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 369-389.
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A new feature description is used for human action representation and recognition. Features are extracted from the Radon transforms of silhouette images. Using the features, key postures are selected. Key postures are combined to construct an action template for each action sequence. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is applied to obtain low dimensional feature vectors. Different classification methods are used for human action recognition. Experiments are carried out based on a publicly available human action database. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Csonka, PJ & Waldron, KJ 2011, 'A Brief History of Legged Robotics' in Ceccarelli, M (ed), Mechanisms and Machine Science, Springer Netherlands, pp. 59-73.
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Deng, W, Jin, D & Goldys, EM 2011, 'METAL NANOSTRUCTURE-ENHANCED FLUORESCENCE AND ITS BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS' in Kane, D, Micolich, A & Rabeau, J (eds), Nanotechnology in Australia: Showcase of Early Career Research, Pan Stanford Publishing, USA, pp. 347-374.
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Over the last two decades, fluorescence-based detection has become one of the leading sensing technologies in biomedical, biological, and related sciences. Its sensitivity makes it possible to detect a single biomolecule through labelling with a suitable fluorophore. Two principal fluorophore properties, brightness and photostability, are fundamentally important to achieve a high level of sensitivity, and in many conventional fluorophores these often fall short of the requirements. Among the methods used to improve the sensitivity of fluorescence detection, the metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) technique has been recently actively developed. The MEF phenomenon occurs when an excited fluorophore is located in close proximity to metals, and it is particularly pronounced near noble metal nanostructures. Electrons in such metal nanostructures exhibit strong resonances often located in the visible part of the spectrum (also known as surface plasmon resonance). They can interact with proximal fluorophores, modifying their optical properties and producing increased quantum yield (fluorescence efficiency) and improved photostability. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the MEF technique can increase fluorescence intensity up to several hundreds times. This chapter provides an overview of MEF, covering its basic theory, synthesis of metal nanostructures, and biological applications based on MEF. We focus on silver nanostructures because their strong surface plasmon resonance in the visible matches the absorption and emission bands of most fluorophores. We discuss traditional planar MEF substrates as well as silver nanostructures deposited on micrometre-sized silica beads, generating a fluorescence enhancement of more than one order of magnitude. This achievement allowed us to demonstrate for the first time MEF immunoassays on silica beads by using high-throughput flow cytometry. Furthermore, we discovered that these silver nanostructure-coated silica be...

Dyadyuk, V, Huang, X, Stokes, L, Pathikulangara, J, R., A, Nikolic, N, D., J & Jay, Y 2011, 'Adaptive Antenna Arrays for Ad-Hoc Millimetre-Wave Wireless Communications' in Mutamed, K (ed), Advanced Trends in Wireless Communications, InTech, USA, pp. 93-116.
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New technologies that employ millimetre-wave frequency bands to achieve high speed wireless links are gaining more attention (Dyadyuk et. al., 2007, 2009b, 2010a; Hirata et. al., 2006; Lockie & Peck, 2009; Kasugi et. al., 2009; Wells, 2009) due to increasing demand for wideband wireless communications. Very wide uncongested spectrum is available in the E—bands (71-76 GHz and 81-86 GHz) recently allocated for wireless communications in USA, Europe, Korea, Russia and Australia. The E-band provides an opportunity for line-of – sight (LOS) links with higher data rates, well suited for fibre replacement and backhaul applications. Future mobile and ad-hoc communications networks will require higher bandwidth and longer range. An ad-hoc or mobile (e.g. inter-aircraft) network that relies on high gain antennas also requires beam scanning. Adaptive antenna arrays have found a wide rage of applications and are becoming essential parts of wireless communications systems (Abbaspour-Tamijani & Sarabandi, 2003; Do-Hong & Russer, 2004; Gross, 2005; Guo, 2004; Krim & Viberg, 1996; Mailloux, 2005, 2007; Rogstad et al., 2003; Singh et al., 2008). While the spectrum available in the millimetre-wave frequency bands enables multi-gigabit-per second data rates, the practically achievable communication range is limited by several factors. These include the higher atmospheric attenuation at these frequencies and limited output power of monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) (Doan et al., 2004; Dyadyuk et al., 2008a; Kasper et al., 2009; Floyd et al., 2007; Reynolds et. al., 2006; Vamsi et. al., 2005, Zirath et al., 2004) due to physical constraints. Therefore, the performance of the ad-hoc or mobile millimetre-wave networks requires enhancement by using spatial power combining antenna arrays.

Dyson, L 2011, 'Indigenous Peoples on the Internet' in Consalvo, M & Ess, C (eds), The Handbook of Internet Studies, Wiley, Chichester, UK, pp. 251-269.
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Gray, JE 2011, 'Preface'.

H., C, Shujau, M, Zheng, X, Cheng, B, Cheng, E & S, I 2011, 'Backward Compatible Spatialized Teleconferencing based on Squeezed Recordings' in Strumillo, P (ed), Advances in Sound Localization, InTech, UK, pp. 363-384.
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Commercial teleconferencing systems currently available, although offering sophisticated video stimulus of the remote participants, commonly employ only mono or stereo audio playback for the user. However, in teleconferencing applications where there are multiple participants at multiple sites, spatializing the audio reproduced at each site (using headphones or loudspeakers) to assist listeners to distinguish between participating speakers can significantly improve the meeting experience (Baldis, 2001; Evans et al., 2000; Ward & Elko 1999; Kilgore et al., 2003; Wrigley et al., 2009; James & Hawksford, 2008). An example is Vocal Village (Kilgore et al., 2003), which uses online avatars to co-locate remote participants over the Internet in virtual space with audio spatialized over headphones (Kilgore, et al., 2003). This system adds speaker location cues to monaural speech to create a user manipulable soundfield that matches the avatar’s position in the virtual space. Giving participants the freedom to manipulate the acoustic location of other participants in the rendered sound scene that they experience has been shown to provide for improved multitasking performance (Wrigley et al., 2009). A system for multiparty teleconferencing requires firstly a stage for recording speech from multiple participants at each site. These signals then need to be compressed to allow for efficient transmission of the spatial speech. One approach is to utilise close-talking microphones to record each participant (e.g. lapel microphones), and then encode each speech signal separately prior to transmission (James & Hawksford, 2008). Alternatively, for increased flexibility, a microphone array located at a central point on, say, a meeting table can be used to generate a multichannel recording of the meeting speech A microphone array approach is adopted in this work and allows for processing of the recordings to identify relative spatial locations of the sources as well as multichannel sp...

H.R. Pourghasemi, A..Goli Jirandeh 2011, 'Landslide hazard assessment using remote sensing data, GIS and weights-of-evidence model (South of Golestan Province, Iran)' in Advances in Biomedical Engineering, APEST 2012, pp. 30-36.

Johir, MA 2011, 'Evaluation and comparison of seawater and brackish water pre-treatment, Membrane-Based Desalination: An Integrated Approach (MEDINA), IWA Publishing, UK, pp. 33-70.'.

Johir, MA, Orem, Y, Messalem, R, Ben-David, E, Herzberg, M, Kushmaro, A, Ji, X, Di Profio, G, Curcio, E, Drioli, E, Laroche, JF, Remize, P, Leparc, J, Vigneswaran, S, Chinu, KJ, Lee, J, Shon, H, Kandasamy, JK, Ye, Y, Sim, LN, Herulah, B, Chen, V, Fane, AC, Tansakul, C, Laborie, S & Cabassud, C 2011, 'Evaluation and comparison of seawater and brackish water pre-treatment' in Drioli, E, Criscuoli, A & Macedonio, F (eds), Membrane-Based Desalination: An Integrated Approach (MEDINA), IWA Publishing, UK, pp. 33-70.

Johnston, AJ 2011, 'Almost Tangible Musical Interfaces' in Candy, L & Edmonds, E (eds), Interacting Art, Research and the Creative Practitioner, Libri Publishing, Faringdon, Oxfordshire, U.K, pp. 211-224.
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Primarily I see myself as a musician. Certainly Im a researcher too, but my research is with and for musicians and is inextricably bound up in the practice of performing. Research questions arise through the execution of, reflection upon and examination of performance. This is because Id like the findings of my research, and the performance works which are at the core of the work, to be interesting and relevant to other musicians and composers. As someone who put a lot of work into trying to be a good musician for quite some time, this feels like a natural way to operate. I understand how musicians think, I speak the language and I respect their skill and dedication. I dont for a moment propose that the practicebased research approach I will describe in this chapter is the one and only way to conduct research in this area. It is, however, an approach that has worked for me. It has enabled me to continue to work creatively, while also engaging in research grounded in an epistemology of practice.

Keshavarzy, A & Ball, JE 2011, 'Stochastic Nature of Flow Turbulence and Sediment Particle Entrainment over the Ripples at the Bed of Open Channel Using Image Processing Technique' in Faruk Bhuiyan (ed), Sediment Transport â Flow Processes and Morphology, In-Tech, Croatia, pp. 69-92.

Lammers, T, Kersten, W & Skirde, H 2011, 'Entwicklung eines Kriterienkataloges zur strukturierten Allokation von Effekten der Modularisierung' in Modulstrategie in der Beschaffung - Konferenzband Konferenz der AutoUni am 18.11. 2010 in Wolfsburg, Logos Verlag.
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Wettbewerb und Effizienzstreben fuhren in der Automobilindustrie zu diversen Aktivitaten, die auf die Identifikation und die Hebung von Kostensenkungspotentialen abzielen.

Łodygowski, T, Jankowiak, T & Sielicki, PW 2011, 'Safety of Concrete and Masonry Structures under Unusual Loadings' in CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, Springer Vienna, pp. 379-411.
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Ma, J, Zhang, G & Lu, J 2011, 'A Fuzzy Hierarchical Multiple Criteria Group Decision Support System – Decider – and Its Applications' in Kacprzyk, PJ (ed), Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Germany, pp. 383-403.
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Decider is a Fuzzy Hierarchical Multiple Criteria Group Decision Support System (FHMC-GDSS) designed for dealing with subjective, in particular linguistic, information and objective information simultaneously to support group decision making particularly on evaluation. In this chapter, the fuzzy aggregation decision model, functions and structure of Decider are introduced. The ideas to resolve decision and evaluation problems we have faced in the development and application of Decider are presented. Two real applications of the Decider system are briefly illustrated. Finally, we discuss our further research in this area.

Madden, C & Piccardi, M 2011, 'System-Wide Tracking of Individuals' in Remagnino, P, Jain, LC & Monekosso, DN (eds), Studies in Computational Intelligence, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 83-103.
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Tracking the movements of people around surveillance systems is becoming increasingly important in the current security conscious environment. This chapter discusses recent research to assist with tracking the movement of individuals throughout the full surveillance area, even when those views do not overlap and may be separated by significant distances. This is due to advances in tracking within a camera view, which allows feature models to be built of an individual. The feature models can include a range of shape, appearance, and transition features appropriate for use with surveillance footage. These may also utilise spatial information about the objects from both the real world and image planes to increase individual discriminitivity. These feature models can be combined and compared within a statistical framework to determine the probability of any two tracks being made by the same individual. It is this combination of such tracks that allows for system wide tracking of individuals to be performed. Techniques are also presented to improve the accuracy of the feature information. These include the application of spatial or temporal smoothing, the identifcation and removal of signifcant feature errors, as well as the mitigation of other potential error sources like illumination. The results of both the individual features, and the combined system wide tracks are presented based upon an analysis of individuals observed in realistic surveillance footage. These show that current camera technology will not produce a fully automated system, but can provide signifcant information to assist security operators.

Maharmeh, M & Saeed, Z 2011, 'Application of a Composite Process Framework for Managing Green ICT Applications Development' in Unhelkar, B (ed), Handbook of Research on Green ICT, IGI Global, USA, pp. 535-545.
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This chapter presents the use of Composite Process Framework for Green ICT Applications Development. This framework for software development, as its name suggests, integrates different elements of software development processes such as waterfall, iterative-incremental and agile approaches to software development. The chapter explains and provides details on what comprises a Composite Processes Framework and how it can be applied to develop a Green ICT application.

Moreira, C, Calado, P & Martins, B 2011, 'Learning to Rank for Expert Search in Digital Libraries of Academic Publications' in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 431-445.
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Moreira, C, Mendes, AC, Coheur, L & Martins, B 2011, 'Towards the Rapid Development of a Natural Language Understanding Module' in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 309-315.
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Pradha, B, Mansor, S & Pirasteh, S 2011, 'Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: an Assessment of the Use of an Advanced Neural Network Model with Five Different Training Strategies' in Artificial Neural Networks-Application, InTech.

Pradhan, B 2011, 'GIScience Tools for Climate Change Related Natural Hazards and Modelling' in Geoinformatics for Climate Change Studies, The Energy and Resources Institute New Delhi, India.

Riduan, M, Dutkiewicz, E & Huang, X 2011, 'A Survey of Low Duty Cycle MAC Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks' in Foerster, A (ed), Emerging Communications for Wireless Sensor Networks, InTech, USA, pp. 5-90.
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This chapter examines various important low duty cycle MAC protocols and the two most important MAC protocols designed specifically for cooperative Multiple-Input Multiple- Output (MIMO) transmission. In most cases, the low duty cycle MAC protocols trade off latency for energy efficient operation. Also, we can observe later that asynchronous MAC protocols are more scalable than synchronous MAC protocols. On the one hand, when sensor nodes join or leave a group or a cluster, the MAC needs to resynchronise the network over and over in such protocols as LEACH and S-MAC. Frequent re-synchronisation can lead to higher energy consumption. The situation becomes more complex when global synchronisation is required instead of local synchronisation. Thus a balance must be made between frequent synchronisation and scalability in synchronous MAC protocol design. On the other hand, in some cases with asynchronous MAC, the higher scalability comes at the cost of higher transmission energy due to the implementation of a long preamble and overhearing in such protocols as RF Wake-up and B-MAC. However, the burden of long preamble transmission is reduced gradually by the introduction of short packet techniques such in SpeckMAC and X-MAC. Moreover, it is important to note that little attention has been paid to increasing the link reliability in SISO systems. The only mechanism used is the ACK packet feedback in protocols such IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and WiseMAC. The MIMO-LEACH and CMACON protocols provide measures to increase link reliability and at the same time reduce transmission power by exploiting spatial diversity gain. On the one hand, the MIMO-LEACH protocol employs a duty cycle mechanism through TDMA time slots assignments which reduces the total energy consumption. Furthermore, multihop communication between cluster heads is introduced to replace the direct communication which reduces further the total energy consumption. Also, collisions can be avoided with the disti...

RIZOIU, M-A & VELCIN, J 2011, 'Topic Extraction for Ontology Learning' in Ontology Learning and Knowledge Discovery Using the Web, IGI Global, pp. 38-60.
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This chapter addresses the issue of topic extraction from text corpora for ontology learning. The first part provides an overview of some of the most significant solutions present today in the literature. These solutions deal mainly with the inferior layers of the Ontology Learning Layer Cake. They are related to the challenges of the Terms and Synonyms layers. The second part shows how these pieces can be bound together into an integrated system for extracting meaningful topics. While the extracted topics are not proper concepts as yet, they constitute a convincing approach towards concept building and therefore ontology learning. This chapter concludes by discussing the research undertaken for filling the gap between topics and concepts as well as perspectives that emerge today in the area of topic extraction.

Ruscalleda Beylier, M, Balaguer, MD, Colprim, J, Pellicer-Nàcher, C, Ni, B-J, Smets, BF, Sun, S-P & Wang, R-C 2011, 'Biological Nitrogen Removal from Domestic Wastewater' in Comprehensive Biotechnology, Elsevier, pp. 329-340.
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Nitrogen (N) removal from domestic wastewater is widely performed by nitrification coupled to heterotrophic denitrification. However, the organic carbon (C)-to-N ratio (C/N) in the wastewater is frequently too low to achieve proper N-removal efficiencies and external organic C sources are often necessary to support the process and meet the discharge standards for total N (TN), increasing the process cost. The main cost, however, remains the high energy demand to provide the aeration necessary for nitrification. Alternatives have been developed to reduce the need for organic C source. The anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic process (A2/O), simultaneous nitrification/denitrification, shortcut nitrification, or nitrifier bioaugmentation are feasible solutions to upgrade wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The combined and simultaneous use of autotrophic aerobic and anaerobic microbial ammonium (NH4+) conversions (i.e., anaerobic ammonium oxidation; anammox) provide the most cost-effective solutions, as they obviate the need for an organic C source and reduce the aeration costs by more than 40%, compared to the traditional nitrification/denitrification paradigm. The first full-scale applications that take advantage of combined aerobic/anaerobic ammonium oxidation have been implemented to remove N from sludge digester effluent streams. In this way, the N load to the main liquid treatment train of the WWTP can be reduced by 10-30% with important cost savings. A current challenge involves control of gaseous N-oxide emissions (NO and N2O) from N-removal processes. New technologies, such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs), are developed aiming at energy-balanced WWTPs. This article reviews the existing technologies for effective biological N removal, with attention to anaerobic processes.

Ruzínoor, CM, Shariff, ARM, Mahmud, AR & Pradhan, B 2011, '3D Terrain Visualisation for GIS: A Comparison of Different Techniques' in Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 265-277.
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Sood, S 2011, 'E-Novation and Start-Up Companies' in Advances in E-Business Research, IGI Global, pp. 197-209.
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By 2010 the potential to launch a “startup-in-a-box” with an E-Novation framework (Pattinson and Low 2008) supported by social technologies to foster intense collaboration among core employees will become both a reality and essential. Only through a combination of framework and social technologies can startups and founding employees keep pace with the changing business landscape and generate a rapid amount of knowledge to sustain sufficient advantage in the market.

Sood, S & Jin, K 2011, 'E-Novation Program Office and Roadmap' in Advances in E-Business Research, IGI Global, pp. 238-251.
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This chapter introduces a new organizational entity for government organisations, the E-Novation Program Office (EPO). The basis for this structure is researcher experiences of the divide between organizational decision-making capability and the actual delivery of innovation using new technology initiatives within Australian organizations. Key EPO decision-making mechanisms include cognitive mapping, road maps, scenario planning, and complexity thinking. The proposed model of the EPO is informed through author experiences within a variety of Australian organisations and government enterprises focusing on technological innovation rather than other forms of innovation. The EPO serves to guide innovative actions, prioritization of effort, and better execution by acting as a counterbalance between technology, strategy, and delivery to ensure the successful introduction of innovation. The robustness, flexibility, and adaptability of the EPO arises from modeling processes arising from research in the governance of enterprise wide service orientated architectures for information systems. The EPO explicitly supports the central tenant of government organisations, the provision of service to citizens. Most importantly, service is taken to be the provision of knowledge and skills (Vargo & Lusch, 2004) for the benefit of citizens.

Sood, S & Pattinson, H 2011, 'Patterns of Negotiation' in Unifying Themes in Complex Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 313-319.
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Stewart, MG & Hao, H 2011, 'Structural reliability analysis and service life prediction for structural health monitoring' in Structural Health Monitoring in Australia, pp. 178-199.
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Reliability-based safety assessment is used frequently in Europe and elsewhere to assess the need for maintenance and the remaining service life of structures. In order to assess the effect of corrosion, quantitatively, an experimental study was conducted using an accelerated corrosion testing technique. Vibration tests were carried out fortnightly to study its effect on the natural frequency of RC beams subject to corrosion. One beam was taken out and broken every four weeks. The mass losses of steel rebar were measured to determine the corrosion state. The experimental results are used to develop an empirical model that describes the relationship between natural frequency and corrosion loss. The statistics for model error for this relationship were then inferred. A spatial timedependent structural reliability analysis was developed to update the deterioration process and evaluate the probability of structural failure based on vibration results. The performance of RC beams is used to illustrate the reliability analysis developed in this paper. The inspection finding considered herein is the timing of test and the vibration results, which are used to provide an updated estimate of structural reliability. It was found that vibration test findings change, the future reliability predictions significantly. A description of structural reliability and reliability-based safety assessment is also provided, where failure probabilities are compared with a typical target failure probability to illustrate how condition assessment findings can be used to more accurately assess and often increase service life predictions. © 2011 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.

Sun, J & Buys, N 2011, 'Working memory in preterm and full-term infants' in Working Memory Capacity Developments and Improvement Techniques, pp. 175-199.
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Introduction This study investigated working memory in preterm and full-term infants at 8 months after expected date of delivery. Working memory is defined as 'the ability to maintain an appropriate problem solving set for the attainment of a future goal' [1,p. 201]. An important characteristic of working memory is that it is prospective, that is, its purpose is to attain a goal, and it not only enables information to be held in mind but also to be manipulated. Working memory emerges in infancy and continues to develop throughout childhood. Working memory is believed to underlie some learning problems in children at school age. Although numerous studies have reported that the overall development of preterm infants is comparable to that of full-term infants at the same corrected age, it is unclear to what extent the development of specific cognitive abilities is affected by prematurity and/or other factors such as medical complications. As preterm infants have a high rate of learning difficulties, it is possible that factors associated with prematurity specifically affect the development of some regions of the brain associated with the regulation of working memory. Methods The current study aimed to examine the effects of maturation and length of exposure to extrauterine environmental stimuli on the development of working memory, by comparing the development of preterm infants with that of full-term infants at both thesame corrected age and the same chronological age. A case-control study design was used for the study. Thirty-seven preterm infants without identified disabilities and 74 fullterm and gender matched healthy full-term infants participated in the study. The preterm infants were all less than 32 weeks gestation and less than 1500 grams birthweight. All infants were assessed on working memory tasks at 8 months after the expected date of delivery (when preterm infants were actually 10-11 months chronological age). Results The findings of the stu...

Tan, T, Katagiri, S, Tao, J, Nakamura, A & Larsen, J 2011, 'Preface', IEEE, pp. 1-1.
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Thomas, P, Šesták, J, Heide, K, Füglein, E & Šimon, P 2011, 'Thermophysical Properties of Natural Glasses at the Extremes of the Thermal History Profile' in Sestak, J, Mares, JJ & Hubik, P (eds), Hot Topics in Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 311-325.
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Tong, L & Luo, Q 2011, 'Analytical Approach to Joint Design' in Handbook of Adhesion Technology, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 597-627.
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Uy, B, Zhu, X, Xiang, Y, Zou, JJ, Liyanapathirana, R, Gunawardana, U, Pap, L & Perera, H 2011, 'Civionics-an emerging interdisciplinary research area in Australia' in Structural Health Monitoring in Australia, pp. 145-176.
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The Civionics Research Centre at the University of Western Sydney (UWS) is a multi-disciplinary research group with expertise in Civil/Structural Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Telecommunication Engineering, Construction Engineering and Mechanical Engineering. Multi-disciplinary approaches are being developed to advance the current capabilities of structural health monitoring. In this chapter, some recent activities on research, development and implementation of structural health monitoring for civil infrastructure in the centre are briefly introduced. The content includes wireless sensor network development, advanced signal processing and structural condition assessment. ©2011 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.

Vigneswaran, S, Shon, H & Kandasamy, J 2011, 'Chapter 6Treatment of Kraft Black Liquor Using Membrane-Based Separation Process' in Membrane Technologies and Applications, CRC Press, USA, pp. 125-138.
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Membrane technology has been increasingly applied in water and wastewater treatment. Membrane filtration involves separation of dissolved, colloidal, and particulate constituents from a pressurized fluid using microporous materials. Membranes are categorized into four main groups based on the size of their pores, namely, reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), ultrafiltration (UF), and microfiltration (MF). Microfiltration with the largest pore size of 0.1–10 μm is commonly used to separate suspended particulates, large colloids, and bacteria; hence, it is suitable for the treatment of water that has high turbidity and low color or organics content (Schafer, 2001). Similarly, ultrafiltration (0.001–0.1 μm) can exclude macromolecules and fine colloidal suspensions such as proteins, dyes, and bacteria, but the removal of dissolved organics is limited. MF and UF can also be used as pretreatment for NF and RO processes (Schafer, 2001). Nanofiltration with smaller pore sizes of between 15 and 30 Å is employed for water softening and the removal of disinfection by-products (DBPs). NF can reduce 60%–80% of the hardness and more than 90% of color-causing substances (Cheryan, 1998).

Waldron, KJ 2011, 'Contributions to MMS and IFToMM from USA' in Mechanisms and Machine Science, Springer Netherlands, pp. 461-475.
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Many of the important developments in mechanism and machine science of the past 50 years originated with work in the USA. In this chapter we will attempt to review the most significant of these. Space is limited, so some valuable topics cannot be addressed.

Wang, Y & Rajapakse, JC 2011, 'DISCRIMINATIVE FRAMEWORK OF NEURAL ACTIVATION ANALYSIS WITH fMRI' in Advanced Topics in Biometrics, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, pp. 483-500.
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Xu, G 2011, 'Collaborative Search and Communities of Interest' in Francq, P (ed), Collaborative Search and Communities of Interest: Trends in Knowledge Sharing and Assessment, IGI Global, pp. 38-68.
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-, JL, -, CW, -, DP, -, HH & -, XZ 2011, 'Realizing Secure Cloud Computing Environment by ECA Rules', International Journal of Advancements in Computing Technology, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 267-274.
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-, JL, -, XZ, -, DP & -, HH 2011, 'Active XML for Service Discovery in Mobile Environment', Journal of Convergence Information Technology, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 47-53.
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Abul Kalam, M & Hj Hassan, M 2011, 'Design, Modification and Testing of a Catalytic Converter for Natural Gas Fueled Engines', Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 677-688.
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Adnan, R, Masjuki, HH & Mahlia, TMI 2011, 'Mathematical modeling on the effect of equivalence ratio in emission characteristics of compression ignition engine with hydrogen substitution', Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 217, no. 13, pp. 6144-6158.
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Aghdam, RF 2011, 'Dynamics of productivity change in the Australian electricity industry: Assessing the impacts of electricity reform', Energy Policy, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 3281-3295.
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Ahmad, RT, Nguyen, TV, Vigneswaran, S & Ho, DP 2011, 'Removal of effluent organic matter by purolite fluidised bed and submerged membrane hybrid system', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 194-200.
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In this study, Purolite® A500PS was used to remove effluent organic matter in a fluidised bed and submerged membrane hybrid system (SMHS). It was found that the fluidised bed purolite column can effectively remove 73% of dissolved organic compound (DOC) from synthetic biologically treated sewage effluent (BTSE). DOC removal can be reduced further, by up to 95% when the fluidised bed purolite column was combined with a treatment by granular activated carbon column. Purolite® was also used as an adsorbent in the SMHS. The results showed that critical flux of the SMHS depend on the purolite size. Critical fluxes of SMHS were 30 and 35 L/m2.h where 0.1 g/L of purolite of sizes below 150 μm and 150-300 μm were used respectively. The removal efficiency of natural organic matter from synthetic BTSE by SMHS was a function of purolite dose. The removal efficiency increased from less than 60% to more than 70% when the purolite dose increased from 0.05g/L to 0.1g/L. © 2011 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.

Ahmed, A, Mubashir Hassan, M, Sohaib, O, Hussain, W & Qasim Khan, M 2011, 'An agent based architecture for cognitive spectrum management', Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 682-689.
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In the recent years, wireless technologies and devices have progressed dramatically that has augmented the demand for electromagnetic spectrum. Some research work showed that spectrum access and provision to user is not possible due to shortage of spectrum but federal communication commission refused to accept this theory and indicated that the spectrum is available since most of the frequency bands are underutilized. In order to allow the use of these frequency bands without interference, cognitive radio was proposed that characterizes the growing intelligence of radio systems can adapt to the radio environment, allowing opportunistic usage and sharing with the existing uses of spectrum. To take this concept a step further, we propose to use intelligent agent for spectrum management in the context of cognitive radio in this paper. In our proposed architecture, agents are embedded in the radio devices that coordinate their operations to benefit from network and avoid interference with the primary user. Agents carry a set of modules to gather information about the terminal status and the radio environment and act accordingly to the constraints of the user application.

Ahmed, W, Aslam, MA, Lopez-Lorca, AA, Shen, J, Beydoun, G & Richards, D 2011, 'Using Ontologies to Synchronize Change in Relational Database Systems', JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 89-107.

Al Fugura, A, Billa, L & Pradhan, B 2011, 'Semi-automated procedures for shoreline extraction using single RADARSAT-1 SAR image', Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 395-400.
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Alavi, AH & Gandomi, AH 2011, 'Prediction of principal ground-motion parameters using a hybrid method coupling artificial neural networks and simulated annealing', Computers & Structures, vol. 89, no. 23-24, pp. 2176-2194.
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Alavi, AH, Ameri, M, Gandomi, AH & Mirzahosseini, MR 2011, 'Formulation of flow number of asphalt mixes using a hybrid computational method', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 1338-1355.
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Alavi, AH, Aminian, P, Gandomi, AH & Esmaeili, MA 2011, 'Genetic-based modeling of uplift capacity of suction caissons', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 12608-12618.
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Alavi, AH, Gandomi, AH, Modaresnezhad, M & Mousavi, M 2011, 'New Ground-Motion Prediction Equations Using Multi Expression Programing', Journal of Earthquake Engineering, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 511-536.
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Aldridge, LP, Vessalas, K, Fernando, K, Costa, MD, Thomas, P & Ray, AS 2011, 'Comparison of durability measures of concrete as a function of cure times', Concrete in Australia, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 42-47.
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This work forms part of a project for evaluating techniques of estimating concrete durability to improve service life. Here compressive strength, chloride diffusivity, void volume, and sorptivity from water cured concretes were measured at seven, 28 and 56 days to evaluate the concrete durability as a function of curing. It was concluded that while void volume and sorptivity were useful as quality control measures they did not reflect the increase in durability found when concrete was cured. This was in contrast to the chloride diffusivity and compressive strength results which showed marked differences during the curing of the concrete. For this study four concrete mixes were prepared using identical compositions of water, sand, and aggregates and having the same amount of cementitious materials with four different compositions: (1) Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) (2) OPC with 20% replacement of a commercial fly ash (3) OPC with 40% replacement of the same fly ash, and (4) OPC with 20% replacement by pitchstone fines. Pitchstone fines are a waste product made during the production of expandable perlite aggregate which previous work has shown to act as a supplementary cementitious material.

Alem, L & Li, J 2011, 'A Study of Gestures in a Video-Mediated Collaborative Assembly Task', Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 2011, pp. 1-7.
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This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of two gesture representations (overlaying hands and cursor pointer) in a video-mediated scenario—remote collaboration on physical task. Our study assessed the relative value of the two gesture representations with respect to their effectiveness in task performance, user's satisfaction, and user's perceived quality of collaboration in terms of the coordination and interaction with the remote partner. Our results show no clear difference between these two gesture representations in the effectiveness and user satisfaction. However, when considering the perceived quality of collaboration, the overlaying hands condition was statistically significantly higher than the pointer cursor condition. Our results seem to suggest that the value of a more expressive gesture representation is not so much a gain in performance but rather a gain in user's experience, more specifically in user's perceived quality of collaborative effort.

AlFugura, A, Billa, L, Pradhan, B, Mohamed, TA & Rawashdeh, S 2011, 'Coupling of hydrodynamic model and aerial photogrammetry-derived digital surface model for flood simulation scenarios using GIS: Kuala Lumpur flood, Malaysia', Malaysia, Disaster Advances, vol. 4, no. 4.

Al-Harthy, AS, Stewart, MG & Mullard, J 2011, 'Concrete cover cracking caused by steel reinforcement corrosion', Magazine of Concrete Research, vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 655-667.
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The paper reviews previously reported predictive models on corrosion-induced crack initiation and propagation and presents new additional results of ongoing accelerated corrosion tests conducted at The University of Newcastle. In addition to eight concrete specimens previously tested, six new specimens were tested to study the effect of reinforcement confinement, concrete strength (24 and 8 MPa), cover (10 and 20 mm) and reinforcing bar diameter (16 and 27 mm) on corrosion-induced cracking. Time-dependent crack widths were measured for different reinforced concrete slabs for corrosion rates up to 169 μA/cm2. It was found that predictions of time to crack initiation are highly scattered and can differ by as much as two orders of magnitude. It was also found that crack initiation and propagation times increase with increasing cover and decrease with increasing reinforcing bar diameter and compressive strength. In addition, the rate of crack propagation is 10–50% higher for reduced reinforcement confinement such as at the edge of a slab or corner of a column. The experimental results are compared with existing crack initiation and propagation predictive models allowing for the accuracy of existing models to be assessed and showing potential areas for further research.

Ali, A, Hussain, W & Ahmed, A 2011, 'E-learning: Closing the digital gap between developed and developing countries', Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 903-908.
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As there are many gaps between developed and developing countries, Digital Gap is one of them. Research has raised the idea and question of e-learning closing this gap. Research has identified, compared, evaluated and reviewed the issue from both the angels of literature and quantitative research. The focus has been to assess the e-learning potential to provide quality education though electronic means and review to what extent this is going to be feasible. ICT infrastructure, channels of communication, learning styles, the role of teacher and classroom and blended learning has been discussed.

Al-Mahmoud, F, Castel, A, François, R & Tourneur, C 2011, 'Anchorage and tension-stiffening effect between near-surface-mounted CFRP rods and concrete', Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 346-352.
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Al-Rifai, JH, Khabbaz, H & Schaefer, AI 2011, 'Removal of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds in a water recycling process using reverse osmosis systems', SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 60-67.
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A detailed investigation was carried out to evaluate the occurrence, persistence and fate of a range of micropollutants at different processing points at a full-scale water recycling plant (WRP) in Queensland, Australia. The WRP, which combines an advanced water treatment plant (AWTP) with a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), produces high quality recycled water for industrial users. The concentrations of 11 pharmaceuticals from various therapeutic categories and two endocrine disrupting chemicals were examined in full-scale microfiltration and reverse osmosis membrane facilities. Salicylic acid was the most abundant analyte in the WWTP influent, with a concentration range of 11-38 μg/L, followed by bisphenol A with concentrations ranging from 6 to 23 μg/L. The concentration of all analytes decreased on average by one order of magnitude following primary and secondary treatment. Gemfibrozil, primidone and carbamazepine were found to have lower removal efficiencies (74-78%) than other compounds during these stages, which could indicate lower biodegradability. The microfiltration and reverse osmosis systems were found to further lower the pollutant concentrations by an order of magnitude. The overall removal efficiencies in the final recycled water were above 97%, resulting in product water concentrations of lower than 0.1 μg/L for most compounds. An exception to this finding was observed for bisphenol A, which was detected in concentrations up to 0.5 μg/L in the final recycled water. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Altaee, A 2011, 'A conceptual membrane arrangement design in the high pressure vessel for seawater desalination', WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, vol. 1, pp. 659-670.
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The wide applications of Reverse Osmosis (RO) membranes in seawater desalination and various industrial processes have encouraged researchers and scientists to investigate the phenomena of water and salt diffusion through the membrane. Typically, the high pressure RO membrane vessel is loaded with membrane elements having the same flux and salt rejection rate. It has been conceived that when different types of RO elements are loaded into the pressure vessel in a special arrangement according to their permeability and salt rejection rate, this arrangement has the potential for reducing the energy consumption of the RO plant. A conceptual design is introduced here to describe this new idea. The effects of feed salinity and temperature were investigated in this paper using the ROSA Filmtec membrane design software. A two pass membrane treatment process was designed for desalting seawater at different salinities varied from 35000 ppm to 43000 ppm. The results showed a net energy saving from 2.5% to 3% (depending on the feed salinity) could be achieved. The effect of the feed temperature was also investigated and the new design was found to be more energy efficient. © 2011 WIT Press.

AlTaee, A & Sharif, AO 2011, 'Alternative design to dual stage NF seawater desalination using high rejection brackish water membranes', Desalination, vol. 273, no. 2-3, pp. 391-397.
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Dual stage NF membrane desalination process was proposed as an alternative approach to RO seawater desalination. Despite of being cheaper than RO desalination, dual stage NF process is not commercially applied yet due to the low overall recovery rate. In an attempt to increase the process recovery rate and to reduce the operation complicity, brackish water RO membrane was used instead of NF in the second stage. ROSA software was used in this study to verify the applicability and cost-effectiveness of the NF-BW dual stage desalination process. Similarly to dual stage NF desalination process, an NF membrane was used in the first stage and BW membrane in the second stage. Permeate from NF membrane was used as a feed into the BW membranes. The effect of membrane type and seawater salinity on the process performance was investigated. For any given recovery rate and seawater salinity, the simulation results showed that the overall cost of NF-NF was slightly lower than the NF-BW process but that was on the cost of higher permeate TDS. For instance, at 43,000mg/l feed salinity the difference in the specific power consumption between NF-NF and NF-BW process was 0.38kWh/m3. The permeate TDS was 125mg/l for NF-BW and 1030mg/l for NF-NF process. The difference in the permeate TDS between NF-NF and NF-BW process increased with increasing the feed salinity. In dual stage NF process, a low permeate was achieved at low recovery rate. For example, at 43,000mg/l feed salinity the permeate TDS from dual stage NF process was 359mg/l when the overall recovery rate was 22%. It was also found that the effect of BW membrane type on the process efficiency was insignificant. Finally, the energy requirements of NF-NF and NF-BW were compared to a single stage RO desalination process. The specific power consumption at 43,000mg/l feed salinity was 4.58kWh/m3, 4.2kWh/m3 and 3.86kWh/m3 for RO, NF-BW and NF-NF process respectively. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Al-Zubaydi, AY 2011, 'Solar air conditioning and refrigeration with absorption chillers technology in Australia–an overview on researches and applications', Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering Research, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 23-41.
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The air conditioning sector demand for energy has increased incessantly in Australia in the past few years due to global warming and the increase of life standards. This added more loads on the electricity demand and a significant increase in peak demand due to the use of conventional air conditioning systems, in addition to the environmental impact of energy producing from fossil fuels. Nevertheless, to minimise the environmental impact associated with air conditioning/ refrigeration system operation it is logical to evaluate the alternative options for energy sources and/or refrigerant systems. The solar assisted air conditioning /refrigeration system is presented as an attractive substance utilise the free, clean and sustainable solar energy. In this study, an overview of the different solar assisted air conditioning technologies available and their applications with a brief literature of the current related research and study in Australia, the review cover the solar thermal assisted cooling system (Absorption, Adsorption, Ejector systems, Desiccant cooling, thermo-mechanical) and the Solar electric cooling technology. From the study, the Solar cooling system applied Absorption chillers present as the most promising technology available.

Amailef, K & Lu, J 2011, 'A mobile‐based emergency response system for intelligent m‐government services', Journal of Enterprise Information Management, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 338-359.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an intelligent mobile based emergency response system (MERS) framework, a text information extraction and aggregation algorithm to integrate information from multiple sources in the MERS system, and an ontology‐supported case‐based reasoning system for the MERS system.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explains the components of information extraction and aggregation process, and a CBR‐Ontology approach for the MERS system.FindingsThe result of this study will offer a new opportunity to the interaction between government, citizens, responders, and other non‐government agencies in emergency situations, and therefore improve the services of the government in an emergency situation.Originality/valueThe paper indicates the need for usage of mobile technologies to assist the government to get information and make decisions in responding to disasters anytime and anywhere.

Amarjargal, A, Tijing, LD & Kim, CS 2011, 'One-pot synthesis of silver-titanium dioxide nanocomposites using ethylene glycol medium and their antibacterial properties', Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1957-1965.
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We report here for the first time a one-pot simultaneous synthesis and antibacterial properties of Ag-TiO2 nanocomposites via ethylene glycol medium. The salient features of this method include simple operation, large scale production and one medium (solvent) to produce two different nanoparticles. Clusters of Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles with an average size of 20 - 30 nm and narrow size distribution are formed after annealing at 400 and 500 oC. The annealed Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles show excellent antibacterial properties under visible-light irradiation.

Aminian, P, Javid, MR, Asghari, A, Gandomi, AH & Esmaeili, MA 2011, 'A robust predictive model for base shear of steel frame structures using a hybrid genetic programming and simulated annealing method', Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 1321-1332.
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Anand, S, Engelbrecht, A & McGloin, D 2011, 'Optically written optofluidic ice channels', Journal of Optics, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 044005-044005.
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Anbazhagan, P, Buddhima, I & Amarajeevi, G 2011, 'Characterization of Clean and Fouled Rail Track Ballast Subsurface Using Seismic Surface Survey Method: Model and Field Studies', Journal of Testing and Evaluation, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 831-841.
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Abstract The efficiency of track foundation material gradually decreases due to insufficient lateral confinement, ballast fouling, and loss of shear strength of the subsurface soil under cyclic loading. This paper presents characterization of rail track subsurface to identify ballast fouling and subsurface layers shear wave velocity using seismic survey. Seismic surface wave method of multi-channel analysis of surface wave (MASW) has been carried out in the model track and field track for finding out shear wave velocity of the clean and fouled ballast and track subsurface. The shear wave velocity (SWV) of fouled ballast increases with increase in fouling percentage, and reaches a maximum value and then decreases. This character is similar to typical compaction curve of soil, which is used to define optimum and critical fouling percentage (OFP and CFP). Critical fouling percentage of 15 % is noticed for Coal fouled ballast and 25 % is noticed for clayey sand fouled ballast. Coal fouled ballast reaches the OFP and CFP before clayey sand fouled ballast. Fouling of ballast reduces voids in ballast and there by decreases the drainage. Combined plot of permeability and SWV with percentage of fouling shows that after critical fouling point drainage condition of fouled ballast goes below acceptable limit. Shear wave velocities are measured in the selected location in the Wollongong field track by carrying out similar seismic survey. In-situ samples were collected and degrees of fouling were measured. Field SWV values are more than that of the model track SWV values for the same degree of fouling, which might be due to sleeper’s confinement. This article also highlights the ballast gradation widely followed in different countries and presents the comparison of Indian ballast gradation with international gradation standards. Indian ballast contains a coarser particle size when compared to other countries. The upper ...

Anbazhagan, P, Lijun, S, Buddhima, I & Cholachat, R 2011, 'Model track studies on fouled ballast using ground penetrating radar and multichannel analysis of surface wave', Journal of Applied Geophysics, vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 175-184.
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Ansari, Y, Merifield, R, Yamamoto, H & Sheng, D 2011, 'Numerical analysis of soilbags under compression and cyclic shear', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 659-668.
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Arnison, MR, Morgan-Mar, DP, Deller, CA, Fletcher, PA & Larkin, KG 2011, 'Measurement of the lens optical transfer function using a tartan pattern', Applied Optics, vol. 50, no. 15, pp. 2158-2158.
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Aryal, R, Baral, B, Vigneswaran, S, Naidu, R & Loganathan, P 2011, 'Seasonal influence on urban dust PAH profile and toxicity in Sydney, Australia', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 63, no. 10, pp. 2238-2243.
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Road dust is one of the major threats to the urban environment due to wash-off of dust to the surrounding catchments during wet weather period. The dust contains wide range of toxic contaminants such as heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and endocrine disrupting chemicals. Among the toxic contaminants, PAHs are of environmental concern due to their potential carcinogenic and mutagenic effect besides endocrine disruptive behaviour. Eighteen road dust samples from Sydney were collected in different time periods for a year and analysed for 16 US EPA PAHs. Total PAHs content range in the dust was 9-105 μg/g. Total and individual PAH contents were highest in the finest size fraction (<75 μm) and in winter compared to the other seasons. The PAH profiles in the different particle sizes were similar but different between the four seasons. The concentrations of higher molecular weight PAHs (4- and 5-rings) were much greater than the concentrations of lower molecular weight PAHs (2- and 3-rings). Toxicity equivalency factor application showed that the longer the dry weather period the higher the total PAHs content and toxicity in the dust. © IWA Publishing 2011.

Aryal, R, Kandasamy, J, Vigneswaran, S, Naidu, R & Lee, SH 2011, 'Review of stormwater quality, quantity and treatment methods part 1: Stormwater quantity modelling', Environmental Engineering Research, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 71-78.
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A review of stormwater quantity and quality in the urban environment is presented. The review is presented in three parts. The first part reviews the mathematical methods for stormwater quantity and has been undertaken by examining a number of stormwater models that are in current use. The important feature of models, their applications, and management has been discussed. Different types of stormwater management models are presented in the literatures. Generally, all the models are simplified as conceptual or empirical depending on whether the model is based on physical laws or not. In both cases if any of the variables in the model are regarded as random variables having a probability distribution, then the model is stochastic model. Otherwise the model is deterministic (based on process descriptions). The analytical techniques are presented in this paper.

Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2011, 'Application of Ultraviolet (UV) Spectrophotometry in the Assessment of Membrane Bioreactor Performance for Monitoring Water and Wastewater Treatment', Applied Spectroscopy, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 227-232.
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Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy has been widely used in monitoring water and wastewater treatment. In this study UV spectroscopy was used to investigate fouling development on the membrane surface of membrane bioreactors. The chemistry of mixed liquor present in the membrane bioreactor and the foulant deposited on the membrane surface was compared by analyzing the UV spectra. The mixed liquor showed different spectra than did the foulant. The foulant spectra showed a shift in absorbance peaks with operation time. The particle size distribution (<450 nm) was also examined to explain the UV fingerprints.

Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S, Loganathan, P, Kandasamy, J & Mohammed, T 2011, 'Hydrous iron oxide for removal of inorganic contaminants in simulated stormwater: A batch sorption kinetics study', KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 1706-1712.
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Urban stormwater runoff, which consists of inorganic and organic contaminants, is a major source of pollutants to receiving waters and therefore they need to be removed. Simultaneous removal of contaminants, Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ (heavy metal cations), and SeO42- (oxyanion) from a simulated stormwater by a hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) was studied in batch and column sorption experiments. In the batch experiment the rate of sorption of the ions was rapid at the beginning and reached equilibrium in approximately 300 min. The amounts of ions sorbed were proportionate to the respective initial concentration of the ions added to the HFO. Cluster analysis showed that all heavy metals had similar sorption behavior, whereas Se had a distinctly different sorption process. Of the three different kinetic models tested the pseudo-first order kinetic model fitted the data the best. The column experimental results beyond 180 min were consistent with those of the batch experiment that the removal efficiencies of the ions were in proportion to the ion concentration in the feed. Below 180 min, Cu appeared to be preferentially removed than Zn. © 2011 Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers, Seoul, Korea.

Atabani, AE, Badruddin, IA, Mekhilef, S & Silitonga, AS 2011, 'A review on global fuel economy standards, labels and technologies in the transportation sector', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 4586-4610.
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Atallah, SS, El Saliby, I, Baalbaki, R & Talhouk, SN 2011, 'Effects of different irrigation, drying and production scenarios on the productivity, postharvest quality and economic feasibility of Origanum syriacum, a species typically over-collected from the wild in Lebanon', Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 337-343.
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Background: The potential of Origanum syriacum L. to become a cultivated crop in Lebanon rather than being harvested from the wild was investigated at the production, postharvest and economic levels. Three irrigation schemes were tested on growth paramet

Atanassov, KT & Shannon, AG 2011, 'The digital root function for Fibonacci-type sequences', Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics (Kyungshang), vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 251-254.
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The base of digit roots of elements of a sequence of numbers is defined, with examples given for the Fibonacci, Lucas, Lucas-Lehmer and Euler sequences. The theory is then applied to extensions of the Pell-Padovan and Tribonacci sequences.

Azadeh, A, Asadzadeh, SM, Saberi, M, Nadimi, V, Tajvidi, A & Sheikalishahi, M 2011, 'A Neuro-fuzzy-stochastic frontier analysis approach for long-term natural gas consumption forecasting and behavior analysis: The cases of Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and UAE', Applied Energy, vol. 88, no. 11, pp. 3850-3859.
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Azadeh, A, Rouzbahman, M, Saberi, M & Mohammad Fam, I 2011, 'An adaptive neural network algorithm for assessment and improvement of job satisfaction with respect to HSE and ergonomics program: The case of a gas refinery', Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 361-370.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M & Anvari, M 2011, 'An Integrated Artificial Neural Network Fuzzy C-Means-Normalization Algorithm for performance assessment of decision-making units: The cases of auto industry and power plant', Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 328-340.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M & Asadzadeh, SM 2011, 'An adaptive network based fuzzy inference system–auto regression–analysis of variance algorithm for improvement of oil consumption estimation and policy making: The cases of Canada, United Kingdom, and South Korea', Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 581-593.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M & Gitiforouz, A 2011, 'An integrated simulation-based fuzzy regression-time series algorithm for electricity consumption estimation with non-stationary data', Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 1047-1066.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Anvari, M & Mohamadi, M 2011, 'An integrated artificial neural network-genetic algorithm clustering ensemble for performance assessment of decision making units', Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 229-245.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Anvari, M, Azaron, A & Mohammadi, M 2011, 'An adaptive network based fuzzy inference system–genetic algorithm clustering ensemble algorithm for performance assessment and improvement of conventional power plants', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 2224-2234.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Asadzadeh, SM & Khakestani, M 2011, 'A hybrid fuzzy mathematical programming-design of experiment framework for improvement of energy consumption estimation with small data sets and uncertainty: The cases of USA, Canada, Singapore, Pakistan and Iran', Energy, vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 6981-6992.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Moghaddam, RT & Javanmardi, L 2011, 'An integrated Data Envelopment Analysis–Artificial Neural Network–Rough Set Algorithm for assessment of personnel efficiency', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 1364-1373.
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Azadeh, A, Seraj, O & Saberi, M 2011, 'A comparative assessment of fuzzy regression models: the case of oil consumption estimation', International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 195-195.
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The objective of this study is to examine the most well-known FR approaches with respect to oil consumption estimation. Furthermore, there is no clear cut as to which approach is superior for oil consumption estimation. The economic indicators used in this paper are population, cost of crude oil, gross domestic production and annual oil production. The data for oil consumption in Canada, USA, Japan and Australia from 1990 to 2005 are considered. The input data are divided into train and test data. The FR models have been tuned for all their parameters according to the train data and the best coefficients are identified. Three popular defuzzification methods for defuzzifying outputs are applied. For determining the rate of error of FR models estimations, mean absolute percentage error is calculated. This study reveals that there is no best FR model unlike previous studies which claim to have developed the most efficient FR models. Copyright © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Azadeh, A, Seraj, O & Saberi, M 2011, 'An integrated fuzzy regression–analysis of variance algorithm for improvement of electricity consumption estimation in uncertain environments', The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 53, no. 5-8, pp. 645-660.
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Baccelli, F, Machiraju, S, Veitch, D & Bolot, J 2011, 'Probing for Loss: The Case Against Probe Trains', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 590-592.
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Bajan, S & Hutvagner, G 2011, 'Another “Loophole” in miRNA Processing', Molecular Cell, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 345-347.
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In this issue of Molecular Cell, Suzuki et al. (2011) present the intriguing finding that an RNAse known to play an important role in immunity regulates miRNA processing in cancer and inflammation by cleaving the terminal loops of many miRNAs. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Barolli, L, Takizawa, M & Hussain, FK 2011, 'Special issue on emerging trends in cyber-physical systems', JOURNAL OF AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE AND HUMANIZED COMPUTING, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 249-250.
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Barthassat, V, Carrard, I, Schwarz, V, Bobbioni-Harsch, E, Gay, V, Sittarame, F & Golay, A 2011, 'P60 - Obésité et adhésion thérapeutique : analyse du suivi des patients participant à un programme interdisciplinaire de deux ans', Diabetes & Metabolism, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. A49-A49.
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Barua, B, Abolhasan, M & Safaei, F 2011, 'On the Symbol Error Probability of Multihop Parallel Relay Networks', IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 719-721.
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In this paper we analyze the symbol error probability (SEP) of a cooperative multihop parallel relay network in Rayleigh fading channels for M-ary Phase-shift keying (M-PSK) modulation. The general closed form expression of the SEP is derived. We present numerical results on the performance of the network.

Barua, B, Abolhasan, M, Safaei, F & Franklin, DR 2011, 'On the Error Exponent of Amplify and Forward Relay Networks', IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 1047-1049.
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In this letter we derive the exact random coding error exponent of a dual hop amplify and forward (AF) relay network with channel state information (CSI) assisted ideal relay gain. Numerical results have been presented, which provide insight about the performance tradeoff between the error exponent and the data rate of the network. Finally we present the capacity analysis of this relay network.

Beck, D, Ayers, S, Wen, J, Brandl, MB, Pham, TD, Webb, P, Chang, C-C & Zhou, X 2011, 'Integrative analysis of next generation sequencing for small non-coding RNAs and transcriptional regulation in Myelodysplastic Syndromes', BMC Medical Genomics, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1-16.
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Abstract Background Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDSS) are pre-leukemic disorders with increasing incident rates worldwide, but very limited treatment options. Little is known about small regulatory RNAs and how they contribute to pathogenesis, progression and transcriptome changes in MDS. Methods Patients' primary marrow cells were screened for short RNAs (RNA-seq) using next generation sequencing. Exon arrays from the same cells were used to profile gene expression and additional measures on 98 patients obtained. Integrative bioinformatics algorithms were proposed, and pathway and ontology analysis performed. Results In low-grade MDS, observations implied extensive post-transcriptional regulation via microRNAs (miRNA) and the recently discovered Piwi interacting RNAs (piRNA). Large expression differences were found for MDS-associated and novel miRNAs, including 48 sequences matching to miRNA star (miRNA*) motifs. The detected species were predicted to regulate disease stage specific molecular functions and pathways, including apoptosis and response to DNA damage. In high-grade MDS, results suggested extensive post-translation editing via transfer RNAs (tRNAs), providing a potential link for reduced apoptosis, a hallmark for this disease stage. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed important regulatory roles for MDS linked miRNAs and TFs, and strengthened the biological significance of miRNA*. The 'RNA polymerase II promoters' were identified as the tightest controlled biological function. We suggest their control by a miRNA dominated feedback loop, which might be linked to the dramatically different miRNA amounts seen between low and high-gra...

Bell, ME, Fender, RP, Swinbank, J, Miller-Jones, JCA, Law, CJ, Scheers, B, Spreeuw, H, Wise, MW, Stappers, BW, Wijers, RAMJ, Hessels, JWT & Masters, J 2011, 'An automated archival Very Large Array transients survey', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 415, no. 1, pp. 2-10.
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In this paper we present the results of a survey for radio transients using data obtained from the Very Large Array archive. We have reduced, using a pipeline procedure, 5037 observations of the most common pointings - i.e. the calibrator fields. These fields typically contain a relatively bright point source and are used to calibrate 'target' observations: they are therefore rarely imaged themselves. The observations used span a time range ~1984-2008 and consist of eight different pointings, three different frequencies (8.4, 4.8 and 1.4 GHz) and have a total observing time of 435 h. We have searched for transient and variable radio sources within these observations using components from the prototype LOFAR transient detection system. In this paper we present the methodology for reducing large volumes of Very Large Array data; and we also present a brief overview of the prototype LOFAR transient detection algorithms. No radio transients were detected in this survey, therefore we place an upper limit on the snapshot rate of GHz frequency transients >8.0 mJy toρ≤0.032 deg that have typical time-scales 4.3 to 45.3 d. We compare and contrast our upper limit with the snapshot rates - derived from either detections or non-detections of transient and variable radio sources - reported in the literature. When compared with the current LogN-LogSdistribution formed from previous surveys, we show that our upper limit is consistent with the observed population. Current and future radio transient surveys will hopefully further constrain these statistics, and potentially discover dominant transient source populations. In this paper we also briefly explore the current transient commissioning observations with LOFAR, and the impact they will make on the field. © 2011 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2011 RAS. -2

Bell, ME, Tzioumis, T, Uttley, P, Fender, RP, Arévalo, P, Breedt, E, McHardy, I, Calvelo, DE, Jamil, O & Körding, E 2011, 'X-ray and radio variability in the low-luminosity active galactic nucleus NGC 7213', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 411, no. 1, pp. 402-410.
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Beydoun, G, Lopez-Lorca, AA, Garcia-Sanchez, F & Martinez-Bejar, R 2011, 'How do we measure and improve the quality of a hierarchical ontology?', JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE, vol. 84, no. 12, pp. 2363-2373.
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Hierarchical ontologies enable organising information in a human-machine understandable form, but constructing them for reuse and maintainability remains difficult. Often supporting tools available lack formal methodological underpinning and their developers are not supported by any concomitant metrics. The paper presents a formal underpinning to provide quality metrics of a taxonomy hierarchical ontology and proposes a methodology for semi-automatic building of maintainable taxonomies. Users provide terms to be used to describe different ontological elements as well as their attributes and their ranges of values. The methodology uses the formalised metrics to assess the quality of the users input and proposes changes according to given quality constraints. The paper illustrates the metrics and the methodology in constructing and repairing two medium size well-known taxonomies. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Beydoun, G, Low, G, Tran, N & Bogg, P 2011, 'Development of a peer-to-peer information sharing system using ontologies', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 9352-9364.
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Beyhan, B & Cetindamar, D 2011, 'No escape from the dominant theories: The analysis of intellectual pillars of technology management in developing countries', Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 103-115.
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Bjarnadottir, S, Li, Y & Stewart, MG 2011, 'A probabilistic-based framework for impact and adaptation assessment of climate change on hurricane damage risks and costs', Structural Safety, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 173-185.
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This paper presents a probabilistic-based framework to assess the potential hurricane risks to residential construction under various wind speed change scenarios due to potential climate change. Every year hurricane (cyclone) hazards cause extensive economic losses and social disruption around the world. Annual hurricane damage in the United States (US) is around $6 billion in recent years. Hurricane intensity or/and frequency may change due to the increase in sea surface temperature as a result of climate change. Implications of the changing hazard patterns on hurricane risk assessment warrants an investigation to evaluate the potential impact of climate change. The framework includes probabilistic models of hurricane occurrence and intensity and conditional damage state probabilities (vulnerability model) for typical residential construction in the US, and an assessment of the cost-effectiveness of various climate change adaptation strategies. A case study of Miami-Dade County, Florida is presented to illustrate the framework under various scenarios of change in maximum annual wind speed over 50. years. Demographic information, such as median house value and changes in house numbers, and distribution of houses on different exposure, is used to estimate the time-dependent probable damage with or without possible climate change induced change in wind speed. This study shows that climate change may have a substantial impact on the damage and loss estimation in coastal areas, and that certain adaptation strategies can cost effectively decrease the damage, even if the wind speed does not change. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Bjarnadottir, S, Li, Y & Stewart, MG 2011, 'Social vulnerability index for coastal communities at risk to hurricane hazard and a changing climate', Natural Hazards, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 1055-1075.
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This paper presents the development of the Coastal Community Social Vulnerability Index (CCSVI) in order to quantify the social vulnerability of hurricane-prone areas under various scenarios of climate change. The 2004-2005 Atlantic hurricane seasons is estimated to have caused $150 billion dollars in damages, and in recent years, the annual hurricane damage in the United States is estimated at around $6 billion. Hurricane intensity or/and frequency may change due to the increase in sea surface temperature as a result of climate change. Climate change is also predicted to cause a rise in sea levels, potentially resulting in higher storm surges. The CCSVI combines the intensity of hurricanes and hurricane-induced surge to create a comprehensive index that considers the effects of a changing climate. The main contributing factors of social vulnerability (such as race, age, gender, and socioeconomic status) in hurricane-prone areas are identified through a principal components analysis. The impact of social characteristics on the potential hurricane damage under various scenarios of climate change are evaluated using Miami-Dade County, Florida, as a case study location. This study finds that climate change may have a significant impact on the CCSVI. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Bjørnerem, Å, Ghasem-Zadeh, A, Bui, M, Wang, X, Rantzau, C, Nguyen, TV, Hopper, JL, Zebaze, R & Seeman, E 2011, 'Remodeling markers are associated with larger intracortical surface area but smaller trabecular surface area: A twin study', Bone, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 1125-1130.
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BLAMIRES, SJ 2011, 'Nutritional implications for sexual cannibalism in a sexually dimorphic orb web spider', Austral Ecology, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 389-394.
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AbstractModels predicting mechanisms driving sexual cannibalism in spiders with sexual size dimorphism (SSD) often assume that spiders use post‐copulatory food to channel nutrients into eggs and fecundity is altered through changes in clutch size or egg mass. I tested these assumptions using an orb web spider with extreme SSD,Argiope keyserlingi. I fed mated female spiders prey of either high protein‐low energy or low protein‐high energy composition. I measured egg energy density; a measure of the relative volumes of yolk and albumen. I predicted that ifA. keyserlingiincrease their egg energy density upon feeding on prey of a specific nutrient composition, they could enhance their fecundity by investing in more energy dense eggs. However, if the egg energy densities are dissimilar to their post‐copulatory prey they must be drawing energy from their somatic reserves to invest in eggs. In a further experiment I allowed female spiders to mate with and cannibalize males to determine if cannibalism induces similar effects on egg energy density. Male spider protein energy ratio was measured and found to resemble the high protein‐low energy prey. I found disagreement between the composition of post‐copulatory food and eggs in both experiments. Additionally, spiders fed high protein‐low energy prey lost weight indicating that they draw on their energy reserves to invest in eggs. I thus concluded that spiders that feed on high protein‐low energy prey or on males increase their egg energy density and, possibly, fecundity. However, the nutrient content of the prey or males cannot provide for investment in eggs. The energy invested in eggs is drawn from somatic reserves, probably induced by an as yet undescribed physiological trigger.

Blamires, SJ, Chao, Y-C, Liao, C-P & Tso, I-M 2011, 'Multiple prey cues induce foraging flexibility in a trap-building predator', Animal Behaviour, vol. 81, no. 5, pp. 955-961.
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Bohnen, F, Maschek, T & Deuse, J 2011, 'Leveling of low volume and high mix production based on a Group Technology approach', CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 247-251.
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Application of conventional leveling approaches in industry is constrained by the requested product diversity. Therefore, leveling is predominantly used in high volume production. However, it can be utilized in low volume and high mix production by means of an adapted leveling approach presented in this paper. This approach primarily uses clustering techniques to group product types into families. After that, a family-based leveling pattern is generated. The paper focuses on the formation of product families for leveling and describes in detail the usage of a so-called desirability index for cluster validation. It also provides an example of actual application. © 2011.

Bolch, T, Peters, J, Yegorov, A, Pradhan, B, Buchroithner, M & Blagoveshchensky, V 2011, 'Identification of potentially dangerous glacial lakes in the northern Tien Shan', Natural Hazards, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 1691-1714.
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Bourouni, K, Ben M’Barek, T & Al Taee, A 2011, 'Design and optimization of desalination reverse osmosis plants driven by renewable energies using genetic algorithms', Renewable Energy, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 936-950.
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Renewable energy sources (RES) for powering desalination processes is a promising option especially in remote and arid regions where the use of conventional energy is costly or unavailable. Reverse Osmosis (RO) is one of the most suitable desalination processes to be coupled with different renewable energy sources such as solar and wind. If RES/RO systems are optimally designed, some combinations can be cost effective and reliable. However, the design of such systems is complex because of uncertain renewable energy supplies, load demands and the non-linear characteristics of some components. In such system, different scenarios can be suggested; i.e combinations of PV panels, type and number of batteries, type and number of turbines, etc. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the optimal configuration with classical techniques. The development of a tool to integrate all parameters involved and compare between the possible scenarios is very important. This paper presents a new model based on the Genetic Algorithms allowing the generation of several individuals (possible solutions) for coupling small RO unit to RES. A particular interest is focused on the hybrid systems (PV/WIND/Batteries/RO). The objective function to minimize corresponds to the total water cost (Capital cost plus Operational costs). Finally, a case study of PV/RO unit, installed since 2007 in Ksar Ghilène village in southern Tunisia, is presented.

Bremner, MJ, Jozsa, R & Shepherd, DJ 2011, 'Classical simulation of commuting quantum computations implies collapse of the polynomial hierarchy', PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES, vol. 467, no. 2126, pp. 459-472.
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We consider quantum computations comprising only commuting gates, known as IQP computations, and provide compelling evidence that the task of sampling their output probability distributions is unlikely to be achievable by any efficient classical means. More specifically, we introduce the class post-IQP of languages decided with bounded error by uniform families of IQP circuits with post-selection, and prove first that post-IQP equals the classical class PP. Using this result we show that if the output distributions of uniform IQP circuit families could be classically efficiently sampled, either exactly in total variation distance or even approximately up to 41 per cent multiplicative error in the probabilities, then the infinite tower of classical complexity classes known as the polynomial hierarchy would collapse to its third level. We mention some further results on the classical simulation properties of IQP circuit families, in particular showing that if the output distribution results from measurements on only O(log n) lines then it may, in fact, be classically efficiently sampled.

Bridge, P, Pocock, NA, Nguyen, T, Munns, C, Cowell, CT, Forwood, N & Thompson, MW 2011, 'Validation of Longitudinal DXA Changes in Body Composition From Pre- to Mid-Adolescence Using MRI as Reference', Journal of Clinical Densitometry, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 340-347.
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Bücker, D & Deuse, J 2011, 'Konzept zur energieeffizienten Sequenzierung der Wärmebehandlung', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 106, no. 9, pp. 606-609.
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Kurzfassung Die Produktionsplanung und -steuerung stellt Verfahren zur Lösung von Sequenzierungsproblemen hinsichtlich klassischer Produktionsziele, wie z.B. Durchlaufzeit und Kosten, zur Verfügung. Um den Anforderungen einer energieeffizienten und verschwendungsarmen Produktion zu begegnen, wird am Lehrstuhl für Arbeits- und Produktionssysteme ein Konzept zur energieeffizienten Sequenzierung unter Berücksichtigung klassischer Produktionsziele erstellt, dessen Systematik in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt wird.

Budka, M & Gabrys, B 2011, 'Electrostatic field framework for supervised and semi-supervised learning from incomplete data', Natural Computing, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 921-945.
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Budka, M, Gabrys, B & Musial, K 2011, 'On Accuracy of PDF Divergence Estimators and Their Applicability to Representative Data Sampling', Entropy, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 1229-1266.
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Generalisation error estimation is an important issue in machine learning. Cross-validation traditionally used for this purpose requires building multiple models and repeating the whole procedure many times in order to produce reliable error estimates. It is however possible to accurately estimate the error using only a single model, if the training and test data are chosen appropriately. This paper investigates the possibility of using various probability density function divergence measures for the purpose of representative data sampling. As it turned out, the first difficulty one needs to deal with is estimation of the divergence itself. In contrast to other publications on this subject, the experimental results provided in this study show that in many cases it is not possible unless samples consisting of thousands of instances are used. Exhaustive experiments on the divergence guided representative data sampling have been performed using 26 publicly available benchmark datasets and 70 PDF divergence estimators, and their results have been analysed and discussed.

Burdon, S & Feeny, D 2011, 'Mobilizing For Value Added Partnerships', Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 22-41.
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© 1970, © 1970 Elsevier Ltd. According to Krishnamurthy et al (2007) the building of competitive advantage from alliances via innovation with technical partners is the most challenging of the objectives sought in partnerships. Academic research in the last decade has examined the prerequisites and success factors and general agreement has been reached on the critical issues. They include, for example, the concept of relationship capital - mutual trust, mutual commitment and information exchange (Sarkar et al, 2001). However, it is not clear that this knowledge has led to improvements in the historically poor success ratio. This case explores the successful implementation of an innovation partnership, endorsing the recent work by Sturgess & Cumming (2011) on the importance of a focus on implementation. Previous academic research on such partnerships has tended to focus on manufacturing; in particular the automotive engineering and pharmaceutical sectors. Relationships were typically asymmetric with the supplier being much smaller in size and power relative to the manufacturer. The authors wanted to explore a different power and size relationship emerging from the growing needs of a number of service industries, where technology is becoming a strategic imperative for gaining competitive advantage. Organisations in the aviation, retail banking and retail communications sectors are seeking IT and telecommunication skills that will help them build competitive advantage from better services, systems and products. The most knowledgeable organisations with this technical knowledge tend to be large ones. Our case examines how Westpac, a large retail bank in Australia, went about the task of reviewing their existing commercial relationships and selected the most promising one for the objective of building a trusted value adding partnership. In the process, they identified the critical pre-requisites and developed a five-stage key success model for implementation....

Burnham, DR & McGloin, D 2011, 'Modeling of optical traps for aerosols', Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 2856-2856.
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CAO, Y-J, NIU, Z-D, ZHAO, K & PENG, X-P 2011, 'Near Duplicated Web Pages Detection Based on Concept and Semantic Network', Journal of Software, vol. 22, no. 8, pp. 1816-1826.
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Reprinting websites and blogs produces a great deal redundant Web Pages. To improve search efficiency and user satisfaction, the near-Duplicate Web Pages Detection based on Concept and Semantic network (DWDCS) is proposed. In the course of developing a near-duplicate detection system for a multi-billion pages repository, this paper makes two research contributions. First, the key concept is extracted, instead of the key phrase, to build Small Word Network (SWN). This not only reduces the complexity of the semantic network, but also resolves the “expression difference” problem. Second, this paper considers both syntactic and semantic information to present and compute the documents’ similarities. In a large-scale test, experimental results demonstrate that this approach outperforms that of both I-Match and key phrase extraction algorithms based on SWN. Many advantages such as linear time and space complexity, without using a corpus, make the algorithm valuable in actual practice.

Carpi, LC, Rosso, OA, Saco, PM & Ravetti, MG 2011, 'Analyzing complex networks evolution through Information Theory quantifiers', Physics Letters A, vol. 375, no. 4, pp. 801-804.
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Castel, A & François, R 2011, 'Modeling of steel and concrete strains between primary cracks for the prediction of cover-controlled cracking in RC-beams', Engineering Structures, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 3668-3675.
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Castel, A, Coronelli, D, François, R & Cleland, D 2011, 'Modelling the Stiffness Reduction of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Beams after Cracking', MODELLING OF CORRODING CONCRETE STRUCTURES, vol. 5, pp. 219-230.
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Castel, A, Coronelli, D, Vu, NA & François, R 2011, 'Structural Response of Corroded, Unbonded Posttensioned Beams', Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 137, no. 7, pp. 761-771.
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Catchpoole, D, Mackie, N, McIver, S, Chetcuti, A, Henwood, A, Graf, N & Arbuckle, S 2011, 'Tape transfer sectioning of tissue microarrays introduces nonspecific immunohistochemical staining artifacts', Biotechnic & Histochemistry, vol. 86, no. 6, pp. 421-428.
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Tissue microarrays place tens to hundreds of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue cores into a paraffin block in a systematic grid pattern that permits their simultaneous evaluation in a single section. The fragmented nature of the tissue cores often makes sectioning of tissue microarrays difficult so that the resulting disks of tissue lose their shape, fracture or fall out of the paraffin section altogether. We have evaluated an alternative sectioning protocol for stabilizing the tissue microarray surface by placing an adhesive tape "window" over the face of the paraffin block prior to sectioning. Once sectioned, the tape/sections are transferred directly onto coated microscope slides, thereby avoiding routine floating of sections on a water bath. After sectioning with either the tape transfer or standard protocols, slides were stained either using hematoxylin and eosin or immunohistochemistry using antibodies to S-100 protein and the tissue specific antigens, keratin (AE1/3) and the leukocyte common antigen CD45. We found that the tape method produced thicker sections that were darker and more densely packed with loss of tissue definition compared to sections prepared using water bath flotation. Quantitative image analysis of immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the tape method produced a higher incidence of nonspecific staining, which raised the potential for false positive staining. © 2011 The Biological Stain Commission.

Catley, C, Smith, K, McGregor, C, James, A & Eklund, JM 2011, 'A Framework for Multidimensional Real-Time Data Analysis', International Journal of Computational Models and Algorithms in Medicine, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 16-37.
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In this paper, the authors present a framework to support multidimensional analysis of real-time physiological data streams and clinical data. The clinical context for the case study demonstration is neonatal intensive care, focusing specifically on the detection of episodes of central apnoea, a clinically significant problem. The model accounts for the multidimensional and real-time nature of apnoea of prematurity and the associated clinical rules. The framework demonstration includes: 1) defining rules that quantify concurrent behaviours between multiple synchronous data streams and asynchronous data values; 2) designing UML models to define present practice event processing for episodes of apnoea; 3) translating the model in SPADE to enable the deployment within the real-time processing layer of the Artemis platform, which utilizes IBM’s InfoSphere Streams; 4) demonstrating knowledge discovery with simple and complex temporal abstractions of the data streams; and 5) presenting results for early detection of episodes of apnoea across multiple physiological data streams.

Center, JR, Bliuc, D, Nguyen, ND, Nguyen, TV & Eisman, JA 2011, 'Osteoporosis Medication and Reduced Mortality Risk in Elderly Women and Men', The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 96, no. 4, pp. 1006-1014.
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Abstract Context: Osteoporotic fractures are associated with premature mortality. Antiresorptive treatment reduces refracture but mortality reduction is unclear. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the effect of osteoporosis treatment [bisphosphonates (BP), hormone therapy (HT), and calcium ± vitamin D only (CaD)] on mortality risk. Design: This was a prospective cohort study (April 1989 to May 2007). Setting: The study was conducted with community-dwelling elderly (aged 60+ yr) subjects in Dubbo, a semiurban city, Australia. Subjects: Subjects included 1223 and 819 women and men in the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study. Main Outcome Measure: Mortality according to treatment group was recorded. Results: There were 325 (BP, n = 106; HT, n = 77; CaD, n = 142) women and 37 men (BP, n = 15; CaD, n = 22) on treatment. In women, mortality rates were lower with BP 0.8/100 person-years (0.4, 1.4) and HT 1.2/100 person-years (0.7, 2.1) but not CaD 3.2/100 person-years (2.5, 4.1) vs. no treatment 3.5/100 person-years (3.1, 3.8). Accounting for age, fract...

Cerezo-Guisado, MI, Reino, PD, Remy, G, Kuma, Y, Arthur, JSC, Gallego-Ortega, D & Cuenda, A 2011, 'Evidence of p38γ and p38δ involvement in cell transformation processes', Carcinogenesis, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 1093-1099.
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Cetindamar, D & Pala, O 2011, 'Chief technology officer roles and performance.', Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manag., vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 1031-1046.
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Chaczko, Z & Kale, A 2011, 'Automated Tablet Quality Assurance and Identification for Hospital Pharmacies', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 153-158.
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Automated Tablet Quality Assurance and Identification for Hospital PharmaciesThe tablet quality checking and identification in hospital pharmacies is done manually and does not use any automated solution. Manual sorting and handling makes this activity laborious and error-prone. This paper describes a low cost solution that is characterised by a small size of the infrastructure involved. Discussed are design and implementation details of Tablet Inspection System based on Machine Vision. The described process uses a dedicated sequence of operation to perform dispensing, scanning and sorting using mini factory setup. Machine Vision System uses a novel Genetic Evolution algorithm. The algorithm provides robust and scalable output. Due to its versatile nature and easy shape recognition ability the approach can be easily adapted to a large variety of medical tablets. The proposed solution attempts to follow the concept of single objective with multiple optima in GA that is designed to scan multiple number of tablets in one cycle of operation.

Chaczko, Z & Resconi, G 2011, 'Reasoning by SVD and Morphotronic Network', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 145-152.
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The immune system of the vertebrates possess the capabilities of 'intelligent' information processing, which include memory, the ability to learn, to recognize, and to make decisions with respect to unknown situations. The mathematical formalization of t

Chan, KY, Ling, SH, Dillon, TS & Nguyen, HT 2011, 'Diagnosis of hypoglycemic episodes using a neural network based rule discovery system', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 9799-9808.
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Hypoglycemia or low blood glucose is dangerous and can result in unconsciousness, seizures and even death for Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Based on the T1DM patients' physiological parameters, corrected QT interval of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, change of heart rate, and the change of corrected QT interval, we have developed a neural network based rule discovery system with hybridizing the approaches of neural networks and genetic algorithm to identify the presences of hypoglycemic episodes for TIDM patients. The proposed neural network based rule discovery system is built and is validated by using the real T1DM patients' data sets collected from Department of Health, Government of Western Australia. Experimental results show that the proposed neural network based rule discovery system can achieve more accurate results on both trained and unseen T1DM patients' data sets compared with those developed based on the commonly used classification methods for medical diagnosis, statistical regression, fuzzy regression and genetic programming. Apart from the achievement of these better results, the proposed neural network based rule discovery system can provide explicit information in the form of production rules which compensate for the deficiency of traditional neural network method which do not provide a clear understanding of how they work in prediction as they are in an implicit black-box structure. This explicit information provided by the product rules can convince medical doctors to use the neural networks to perform diagnosis of hypoglycemia on T1DM patients.

Chanan, AP, Ghetti, IB & Kandasamy, JK 2011, 'Challenges of managing coastal areas through climate change', PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-MUNICIPAL ENGINEER, vol. 164, no. 2, pp. 83-88.
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In Australia the strongest natural fluctuation of climate from year to year is the El Niño southern oscillation. La Niña years are associated with an increased probability of wetter and cooler conditions, whereas El Niño years are drier and hotter then normal. For an urbanised coastal council such as Kogarah there are a number of impacts associated with climate change. For instance, the risk of flooding may be increased due to more intense rainfalls coupled with rising sea levels. Coastal councils may also experience increased coastal flooding and erosion due to increased storm surges and rising sea levels. Water restrictions are already in place due to severe droughts, and it is predicted that councils will have limited water supply available for the irrigation needed to provide parks and well-maintained sporting facilities for the community. Given that the science of climate change is not an exact science there are obvious technical and sociopolitical challenges to be addressed. This paper shares Kogarah Council's experiences in dealing with these challenges and provides a snapshot of programmes currently being implemented in response to climate change. By investing in proactive measure to reduce risk and vulnerability it is possible to build resilience to climate change.

Chanan, AP, Kandasamy, J & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Role of case study research in training the renaissance water engineer', Global Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 110-116.
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Contemporary water management challenges around Australia highlight water engineers' inability to understand the community's needs. Developing new technologies is not enough. Implementation of these technologies can only take place if the engineers understand the motives and desires of people that are related to the new technology and the effects on the community as a whole. Renaissance water engineers who are able to go beyond their own technical specialty and understand the broader implications of the technological solutions they develop, are needed to solve Australia's water problems. Our ability to produce such engineers depends on our ability to first prepare renaissance engineering academics within our higher education institutions. It is, therefore, imperative to re-examine current practices in engineering PhDs. The engineering discipline is urged to embrace the case study research approach as a vital means of training renaissance water engineers. © WIETE 2011.

Chanan, AP, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Simmons, B 2011, 'Lessons for a viable water recycling industry', PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-WATER MANAGEMENT, vol. 164, no. 5, pp. 213-219.
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The platform on which the labour government came to power in Australia in November 2007 included a policy of setting a national wastewater recycling target of 30% by the year 2015. A similar target-based approach was followed by the solid waste recycling industry in Australia the policy of which focused on supply and did not adequately acknowledge the price competitiveness of the product and its demand. This paper highlights the lessons from the solid waste recycling industry and applies them to the water recycling sector. A sound water pricing regime that reflects the true costs of water and a competitive water industry is offered as a better policy alternative to setting recycling targets.

Chang, C-Y, Tanong, K, Chiemchaisri, C & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Feasibility study of a cyclic anoxic/aerobic two-stage MBR for treating ABS resin manufacturing wastewater', Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5325-5330.
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This study investigated the feasibility and the treatment efficiency of a cyclic anoxic/aerobic two-stage MBR for treating polymeric industrial wastewater. The anoxic/aerobic hybrid MBR was operated without sludge withdrawal except sampling during the st

Chang, C-Y, Tanong, K, Xu, J & Shon, H 2011, 'Microbial community analysis of an aerobic nitrifying-denitrifying MBR treating ABS resin wastewater', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5337-5344.
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A two-stage aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) system for treating acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin wastewater was carried out in this study to evaluate the system performance on nitrification. The results showed that nitrification of the aerobic MBR system was significant and the highest TKN removal of approximately 90% was obtained at hydraulic retention time (HRT) 18 h. In addition, the result of nitrogen mass balance revealed that the percentage of TN removal due to denitrification was in the range of 8.7â19.8%. Microbial community analysis based on 16s rDNA molecular approach indicated that the dominant ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) group in the system was a b-class ammonia oxidizer which was identified as uncultured sludge bacterium (AF234732). A heterotrophic aerobic denitrifier identified as Thauera mechernichensis was found in the system. The results indicated that a sole aerobic MBR system for simultaneous removals of carbon and nitrogen can be designed and operated for neglect with an anaerobic unit.

Chao, PC-P, Liao, P-Y, Tsai, M-Y & Lin, C-T 2011, 'Robust control design for precision positioning of a generic piezoelectric system with consideration of microscopic hysteresis effects', Microsystem Technologies, vol. 17, no. 5-7, pp. 1009-1023.
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This study performs precision positioning of a generic piezoelectric structure against hysteresis effects by finite elements, microscopic hysteresis cancellation and robust H ∞ compensation. The designed control algorithm is expected to be effective in enhancing servo performance of hard disk drives. The precision positioning is accomplished by adding a polarization term into the linear constitutive equations of piezoelectric materials. This polarization term is then described by the well-known Preisach model. Applying basic principles of finite elements and Hamilton's thoery, the macroscopic governing equations of an arbitrary piezoelectric system in finite elements are obtained. Based on the macro-model, a controller consisting of two parts is designed to perform the precision positioning of a generic piezo-structure. The first part is responsible for direct hysteresis cancellation at the microscopic level, while the second one is a robust H ∞ controller to overcome inevitable cancellation errors. In this way, the control effort is then more effective than the conventional PI and double-lead controller without microscopic hysteresis cancellation. A simple piezoelectric structure of a bender-bimorph cantilever beam is considered for designs and experimental validation. Based on experimental results, the proposed control design is found effective to suppress hysteresis effects as opposed to conventional controllers. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Chen, C, Dong, D, Li, H-X & Tarn, T-J 2011, 'Hybrid MDP based integrated hierarchical Q-learning', Science China Information Sciences, vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 2279-2294.
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Chen, J, Chen, X, Duan, R, Ji, Z & Zeng, B 2011, 'No-go theorem for one-way quantum computing on naturally occurring two-level systems', Physical Review A, vol. 83, no. 5, pp. 0-0.
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The ground states of some many-body quantum systems can serve as resource states for the one-way quantum computing model, achieving the full power of quantum computation. Such resource states are found, for example, in spin- 5 2 and spin- 3 2 systems. It is, of course, desirable to have a natural resource state in a spin- 1 2 , that is, qubit system. Here, we give a negative answer to this question for frustration-free systems with two-body interactions. In fact, it is shown to be impossible for any genuinely entangled qubit state to be a nondegenerate ground state of any two-body frustration-free Hamiltonian. What is more, we also prove that every spin- 1 2 frustration-free Hamiltonian with two-body interaction always has a ground state that is a product of single- or two-qubit states. In other words, there cannot be any interesting entanglement features in the ground state of such a qubit Hamiltonian.

Chen, J, Ji, Z, Klyachko, A, Kribs, DW & Zeng, B 2011, 'Rank Reduction for the Local Consistency Problem', JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS, vol. 53, no. 2.
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We address the problem of how simple a solution can be for a given quantumlocal consistency instance. More specifically, we investigate how small therank of the global density operator can be if the local constraints are knownto be compatible. We prove that any compatible local density operators can besatisfied by a low rank global density operator. Then we study both fermionicand bosonic versions of the N-representability problem as applications. Afterapplying the channel-state duality, we prove that any compatible local channelscan be obtained through a global quantum channel with small Kraus rank.

Chen, J, Ji, Z, Kribs, D, Wei, Z & Zeng, B 2011, 'Ground-State Spaces of Frustration-Free Hamiltonians', JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS, vol. 53, no. 10.
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We study the ground-state space properties for frustration-free Hamiltonians.We introduce a concept of `reduced spaces' to characterize local structures ofground-state spaces. For a many-body system, we characterize mathematicalstructures for the set $\Theta_k$ of all the $k$-particle reduced spaces, whichwith a binary operation called join forms a semilattice that can be interpretedas an abstract convex structure. The smallest nonzero elements in $\Theta_k$,called atoms, are analogs of extreme points. We study the properties of atomsin $\Theta_k$ and discuss its relationship with ground states of $k$-localfrustration-free Hamiltonians. For spin-1/2 systems, we show that all the atomsin $\Theta_2$ are unique ground states of some 2-local frustration-freeHamiltonians. Moreover, we show that the elements in $\Theta_k$ may not be thejoin of atoms, indicating a richer structure for $\Theta_k$ beyond the convexstructure. Our study of $\Theta_k$ deepens the understanding of ground-statespace properties for frustration-free Hamiltonians, from a new angle of reducedspaces.

Chen, J, Ji, Z, Wei, Z & Zeng, B 2011, 'Correlations in excited states of local Hamiltonians', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 85, no. 4.
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Physical properties of the ground and excited states of a $k$-localHamiltonian are largely determined by the $k$-particle reduced density matrices($k$-RDMs), or simply the $k$-matrix for fermionic systems---they are at leastenough for the calculation of the ground state and excited state energies.Moreover, for a non-degenerate ground state of a $k$-local Hamiltonian, eventhe state itself is completely determined by its $k$-RDMs, and thereforecontains no genuine ${>}k$-particle correlations, as they can be inferred from$k$-particle correlation functions. It is natural to ask whether a similarresult holds for non-degenerate excited states. In fact, for fermionic systems,it has been conjectured that any non-degenerate excited state of a 2-localHamiltonian is simultaneously a unique ground state of another 2-localHamiltonian, hence is uniquely determined by its 2-matrix. And a weaker versionof this conjecture states that any non-degenerate excited state of a 2-localHamiltonian is uniquely determined by its 2-matrix among all the pure$n$-particle states. We construct explicit counterexamples to show that bothconjectures are false. It means that correlations in excited states of localHamiltonians could be dramatically different from those in ground states. Wefurther show that any non-degenerate excited state of a $k$-local Hamiltonianis a unique ground state of another $2k$-local Hamiltonian, hence is uniquelydetermined by its $2k$-RDMs (or $2k$-matrix).

Chen, J, Ji, Z, Zeng, B & Zhou, DL 2011, 'From Ground States to Local Hamiltonians', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 86, no. 2.
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Traditional quantum physics solves ground states for a given Hamiltonian,while quantum information science asks for the existence and construction ofcertain Hamiltonians for given ground states. In practical situations, onewould be mainly interested in local Hamiltonians with certain interactionpatterns, such as nearest neighbour interactions on some type of lattices. Anecessary condition for a space $V$ to be the ground-state space of some localHamiltonian with a given interaction pattern, is that the maximally mixed statesupported on $V$ is uniquely determined by its reduced density matricesassociated with the given pattern, based on the principle of maximum entropy.However, it is unclear whether this condition is in general also sufficient. Weexamine the situations for the existence of such a local Hamiltonian to have$V$ satisfying the necessary condition mentioned above as its ground-statespace, by linking to faces of the convex body of the local reduced states. Wefurther discuss some methods for constructing the corresponding localHamiltonians with given interaction patterns, mainly from physical points ofview, including constructions related to perturbation methods, localfrustration-free Hamiltonians, as well as thermodynamical ensembles.

Chen, P-Y, Van, L-D, Khoo, I-H, Reddy, HC & Lin, C-T 2011, 'Power-Efficient and Cost-Effective 2-D Symmetry Filter Architectures', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 112-125.
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This paper presents two-dimensional (2-D) VLSI digital filter structures possessing various symmetries in the filter magnitude response. For this purpose, four Type-1 and four Type-2 power-efficient and cost-effective 2-D magnitude symmetry filter architectures possessing diagonal, fourfold rotational, quadrantal, and octagonal symmetries with reduced number of multipliers and one power-efficient and cost-effective multimode 2-D symmetry filter are given. By combining the identities of the four Type-1 symmetry filter structures, the proposed multimode 2-D symmetry filter is capable of providing four different operation modes: diagonal symmetry mode (DSM), fourfold rotational symmetry mode (FRSM), quadrantal symmetry mode (QSM), and octagonal symmetry mode (OSM). The proposed diagonal, fourfold rotational, quadrantal, and octagonal symmetry filter structures can attain power savings of 16.77%, 36.30%, 22.90%, and 37.73% with respect to that of the conventional 2-D filter design without symmetry. On the other hand, the proposed DSM, FRSM, QSM, and OSM modes can reduce power consumption by 11.01%, 31.42%, 17.53%, and 35.26% compared with that of the conventional 2-D filter design. The proposed multimode filter can result in a 63.25% area reduction compared with the sum of the areas of the four individual Type-1 symmetry filter structures. © 2010 IEEE.

Chen, S-W, Lin, S-H, Liao, L-D, Lai, H-Y, Pei, Y-C, Kuo, T-S, Lin, C-T, Chang, J-Y, Chen, Y-Y, Lo, Y-C, Chen, S-Y, Wu, R & Tsang, S 2011, 'Quantification and recognition of parkinsonian gait from monocular video imaging using kernel-based principal component analysis', BioMedical Engineering OnLine, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 99-99.
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Background: The computer-aided identification of specific gait patterns is an important issue in the assessment of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, a computer vision-based gait analysis approach is developed to assist the clinical assessments of PD with kernel-based principal component analysis (KPCA).Method: Twelve PD patients and twelve healthy adults with no neurological history or motor disorders within the past six months were recruited and separated according to their 'Non-PD', 'Drug-On', and 'Drug-Off' states. The participants were asked to wear light-colored clothing and perform three walking trials through a corridor decorated with a navy curtain at their natural pace. The participants' gait performance during the steady-state walking period was captured by a digital camera for gait analysis. The collected walking image frames were then transformed into binary silhouettes for noise reduction and compression. Using the developed KPCA-based method, the features within the binary silhouettes can be extracted to quantitatively determine the gait cycle time, stride length, walking velocity, and cadence.Results and Discussion: The KPCA-based method uses a feature-extraction approach, which was verified to be more effective than traditional image area and principal component analysis (PCA) approaches in classifying 'Non-PD' controls and 'Drug-Off/On' PD patients. Encouragingly, this method has a high accuracy rate, 80.51%, for recognizing different gaits. Quantitative gait parameters are obtained, and the power spectrums of the patients' gaits are analyzed. We show that that the slow and irregular actions of PD patients during walking tend to transfer some of the power from the main lobe frequency to a lower frequency band. Our results indicate the feasibility of using gait performance to evaluate the motor function of patients with PD.Conclusion: This KPCA-based method requires only a digital camera and a decorated corridor setup. The ease of...

Cheng, J, Qiao, M, Bian, W & Tao, D 2011, '3D human posture segmentation by spectral clustering with surface normal constraint.', Signal Process., vol. 91, no. 9, pp. 2204-2212.
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In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for partitioning human posture represented by 3D point clouds sampled from the surface of human body. The algorithm is formed as a constrained extension of the recently developed segmentation method, spectral clu

Cheng, S, Ji, JC & Zhou, J 2011, 'Infinite-time and finite-time synchronization of coupled harmonic oscillators', PHYSICA SCRIPTA, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 1-8.
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This paper studies the infinite-time and finite-time synchronization of coupled harmonic oscillators with distributed protocol in the scenarios with and without a leader. In the absence of a leader, the convergence conditions and the final trajectories that each harmonic oscillator follows are developed. In the presence of a leader, it is shown that all harmonic oscillators can achieve the trajectory of the leader in finite time. Numerical simulations of six coupled harmonic oscillators are given to show the effects of the interaction function parameter, algebraic connectivity and initial conditions on the convergence time. © 2011 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Chetcuti, A, Aktas, S, Mackie, N, Ulger, C, Toruner, G, Alkan, M & Catchpoole, D 2011, 'Expression profiling reveals MSX1 and EphB2 expression correlates with the invasion capacity of Wilms tumors', Pediatric Blood & Cancer, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 950-957.
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AbstractBackgroundWilms tumor is the most common pediatric renal malignancy, but the parameters that are important to its invasion capacity are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify new proteins associated with the invasion capacity of Wilms tumor.ProcedureGene expression profiles for 15 primary Wilms tumor samples were determined by Affymetrix Genechip® Human Genome Ul33A microarray analysis. The gene expression profiles for selected genes was further confirmed by quantitative RT‐PCR analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 25 Wilms tumor cases to confirm expression for Bcl2A1, EphB2, MSX1, and RIN1.ResultsUsing microarray analysis 14 genes showed differential expression (P < 0.05) comparing stage 1 non‐invasive Wilms tumor to stages 2–4 invasive Wilms tumor. The differential expression for Bcl2A1, EphB2, MSX1, and RIN1 was confirmed by quantitative RT‐PCR. MSX1 protein was statistically significantly lower in stages 2–4 invasive Wilms tumor cases compared to stage 1 non‐invasive cases (P = 0.013). EphB2 protein was higher in stages 2–4 Wilms tumor cases compared to stage 1 cases (P = 0.006). There was no statistically significant difference between stages 1 and 2–4 Wilms tumor for Bcl2A1 (P = 0.230) or RIN1 (P = 0.969) at the protein level.ConclusionOur results indicate that MSX1 may be associated with the invasion cap...

Chiemchaisri, W, Chiemchaisri, C, Dumrongsukit, C, Threedeach, S, Ngo, HH & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Removal of water-borne microorganisms in floating media filter-microfiltration system for water treatment', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5438-5443.
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Floating plastic media pre-filter (PP) in combination with microfiltration membrane (MF) was applied to the removal of water-borne microorganism from surface water. The system was operated with and with-out coagulant addition. Jar-test results suggested

Ching, YC, Ching, YC, Kalam, A & Iskandar, IY 2011, 'Comparison Use of Suspended Cell System and Polyurethane Base Immobilized Cell System in Biological Treatment of Wastewater', RESEARCH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENT, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 849-855.

Chin-Teng Lin, Lun-De Liao, Yu-Hang Liu, I-Jan Wang, Bor-Shyh Lin & Jyh-Yeong Chang 2011, 'Novel Dry Polymer Foam Electrodes for Long-Term EEG Measurement', IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 1200-1207.
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A novel dry foam-based electrode for long-term EEG measurement was proposed in this study. In general, the conventional wet electrodes are most frequently used for EEG measurement. However, they require skin preparation and conduction gels to reduce the skinelectrode contact impedance. The aforementioned procedures when wet electrodes were used usually make trouble to users easily. In order to overcome the aforesaid issues, a novel dry foam electrode, fabricated by electrically conductive polymer foam covered by a conductive fabric, was proposed. By using conductive fabric, which provides partly polarizable electric characteristic, our dry foam electrode exhibits both polarization and conductivity, and can be used to measure biopotentials without skin preparation and conduction gel. In addition, the foam substrate of our dry electrode allows a high geometric conformity between the electrode and irregular scalp surface to maintain low skinelectrode interface impedance, even under motion. The experimental results presented that the dry foam electrode performs better for long-term EEG measurement, and is practicable for daily life applications. © 2006 IEEE.

Chiu, C & Chaczko, Z 2011, 'Deployment of an Agent-based SANET Architecture for Healthcare Services', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 309-315.
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Deployment of an Agent-based SANET Architecture for Healthcare ServicesThis paper describes the adaptation of a computational technique utilizing Extended Kohonen Maps (EKMs) and Rao-Blackwell-Kolmogorov (R-B) Filtering mechanisms for the administration of Sensor-Actuator networks (SANETs). Inspired by the BDI (Belief-Desire-Intention) Agent model from Rao and Georgeff, EKMs perform the quantitative analysis of an algorithmic artificial neural network process by using an indirect-mapping EKM to self-organize, while the Rao-Blackwell filtering mechanism reduces the external noise and interference in the problem set introduced through the self-organization process. Initial results demonstrate that a combinatorial approach to optimization with EKMs and Rao-Blackwell filtering provides an improvement in event trajectory approximation in comparison to standalone cooperative EKM processes to allow responsive event detection and optimization in patient healthcare.

Chiu, T-T, Young, K-Y, Hsu, S-H, Lin, C-L, Lin, C-T, Yang, B-S & Huang, Z-R 2011, 'A Study of Fitts' Law on Goal-Directed Aiming Task with Moving Targets', Perceptual and Motor Skills, vol. 113, no. 1, pp. 339-352.
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Most research based on Fitts' law define a log-linear relationship between temporal and spatial accuracy in goal-directed aiming tasks using stationary targets. Whether this relationship holds or not when the targets have varying velocities, and how the behavioral strategies and physical activities may change accordingly are of interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between temporal and spatial accuracy in goal-directed aiming tasks with moving targets. Participants were asked to aim at two target widths using a joystick. Results demonstrated that in a goal-directed aiming task there was a negative effect on performance when target velocity was increased or target width was decreased. Participants moved faster and then made more systematic errors in a high-velocity target condition. Results may be applicable to the complex perceptual-motor behavior of people who perform tasks using computers.

Chong, WT, Naghavi, MS, Poh, SC, Mahlia, TMI & Pan, KC 2011, 'Techno-economic analysis of a wind–solar hybrid renewable energy system with rainwater collection feature for urban high-rise application', Applied Energy, vol. 88, no. 11, pp. 4067-4077.
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Choudhary, N, Bagga, R, Raveendran, A, Saha, SC & Dhaliwal, LK 2011, 'Second trimester abortion in women with and without previous uterine scar: Eleven years experience from a developing country', The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 378-386.
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Chowdhury, MSN, Hossain, MS, Das, NG & Barua, P 2011, 'Environmental variables and fisheries diversity of the Naaf River Estuary, Bangladesh', Journal of Coastal Conservation, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 163-180.
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Conneely, M, Rolfsnes, HO, Main, C, McGloin, D & Campbell, PA 2011, 'On the accuracy of framing-rate measurements in ultra-high speed rotating mirror cameras', Optics Express, vol. 19, no. 17, pp. 16432-16432.
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Cunha, I, Teixeira, R, Veitch, D & Diot, C 2011, 'Predicting and tracking internet path changes', ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 122-133.
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This paper investigates to what extent it is possible to use traceroute-style probing for accurately tracking Internet path changes. When the number of paths is large, the usual traceroute based approach misses many path changes because it probes all paths equally. Based on empirical observations, we argue that monitors can optimize probing according to the likelihood of path changes. We design a simple predictor of path changes using a nearest neighbor model. Although predicting path changes is not very accurate, we show that it can be used to improve probe targeting. Our path tracking method, called DTrack, detects up to two times more path changes than traditional probing, with lower detection delay, as well as providing complete load-balancer information.

Dehestani, D, Eftekhari, F, Guo, Y, Ling, S, Su, S & Nguyen, H 2011, 'Online Support Vector Machine Applicationfor Model Based Fault Detection and Isolationof HVAC System', International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 66-72.
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Abstract—Preventive maintenance plays an important role in Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. One cost effective strategy is the development of analytic fault detection and isolation (FDI) module by online monitoring the key variables of HAVC systems. This paper investigates realtime FDI for HAVC system by using online Support Vector Machine (SVM), by which we are able to train a FDI system with manageable complexity under real time working conditions. It is also proposed a new approach which allows us to detect unknown faults and updating the classifier by using these previously unknown faults. Based on the proposed approach, a semi unsupervised fault detection methodology has been developed for HVAC systems

Deng, W, Jin, D, Drozdowicz‐Tomsia, K, Yuan, J, Wu, J & Goldys, EM 2011, 'Ultrabright Eu–Doped Plasmonic Ag@SiO₂ Nanostructures: Time‐gated Bioprobes with Single Particle Sensitivity and Negligible Background', Advanced Materials, vol. 23, no. 40, pp. 4649-4654.
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Eu chelate-doped plasmonic silver-core-silica-shell nanocomposites show greatly increased fluorescence enhancement factors of up to 145 at high excitation intensities, due to significantly increased radiative rates in samples with metal cores. They offer exceptionally high signal intensity, sufficient for single particle detection and compatibility with time-gated imaging offering nearly background-free conditions. A bioassay application is also presented. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Deng, W, Sudheendra, L, Zhao, J, Fu, J, Jin, D, Kennedy, IM & Goldys, EM 2011, 'Upconversion in NaYF₄:Yb, Er nanoparticles amplified by metal nanostructures', Nanotechnology, vol. 22, no. 32, pp. 325604-325604.
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Upconversion (UC) fluorescence in NaYF4:Yb, Er nanoparticles amplified by metal nanostructures was compared in two nanostructure geometries: gold nanoshells surrounding nanoparticles and silver nanostructures adjacent to the nanoparticles, both placed on a dielectric silica surface. Enhanced UC luminescence signals and modified lifetimes induced by these two metals were observed in our study. The UC luminescence intensities of green and red emissions were enhanced by Ag nanostructures by a factor of approximately 4.4 and 3.5, respectively. The corresponding UC lifetimes were reduced ∼ 1.7-fold and ∼ 2.4-fold. In NaYF4:Yb, Er nanoparticles encapsulated in gold nanoshells, higher luminescence enhancement factors were obtained (∼9.1-fold for the green emission and ∼ 6.7-fold for the red emission). However, the Au shell coating extended the red emission by a factor of 1.5 and did not obviously change the lifetime of green emission. The responsible mechanisms such as plasmonic enhancement and surface effects are discussed. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Deuse, J, Bohnen, F & Indra, M 2011, 'Pull-oriented precision strip manufacturing', Stahl und Eisen, vol. 131, no. 1, pp. 59-61.
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Nowadays, realizing rationalization of workflow is an essential competitive factor in the steel industry as well as in other industries. Due to this, principles of lean production gain in importance. This article describes the development of a concept of production control at ThyssenKrupp Nirosta Präzisionsband GmbH which focuses on these principles.

Deuse, J, Bohnen, F & Konrad, B 2011, 'Renaissance der Gruppentechnologie', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 106, no. 5, pp. 337-341.
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Kurzfassung Obwohl die Gruppentechnologie mit der Motivation entwickelt wurde, in der variantenreichen Kleinserie positive Skaleneffekte zu erzielen, ist sie auch in Zeiten der „Lean Production” von hoher Relevanz. Die Autoren zeigen in diesem Beitrag anhand von Praxisbeispielen und aktuellen Forschungsvorhaben, wie Verfahren der Gruppentechnologie eingesetzt werden, um die Ziele schlanker Produktionssysteme, wie die Reduktion von Verschwendung oder Komplexität, durch Variantenbeherrschung zu erreichen.

Deuse, J, Eigner, M, Erohin, O, Krebs, M, Schallow, J & Schäfer, PD 2011, 'Intelligente Nutzung von implizitem Planungswissen der Digitalen Fabrik', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 433-437.
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Kurzfassung Produzierende Unternehmen setzen zunehmend digitale Planungswerkzeuge in der Produktentstehung ein, um die Produkt-sowie Prozesskomplexität zu beherrschen und auf stetig wachsenden Kosten- und Zeitdruck zu reagieren. In diesem Beitrag sollen ausgehend von dem aktuellen Handlungsbedarf zukünftige Entwicklungspotenziale der digitalen Planungsunterstützung vor dem Hintergrund des Product Lifecycle Management aufgezeigt werden. Hierzu werden Ansätze zur intelligenten Nutzung von implizitem Planungswissen der Digitalen Fabrik am Beispiel von Zeitdaten skizziert.

Devitt, SJ, Stephens, AM, Munro, WJ & Nemoto, K 2011, 'Integration of highly probabilistic sources into optical quantum architectures: perpetual quantum computation', New J. Phys. 13: 095001 (2011), vol. 13.
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In this paper we introduce a design for an optical topological cluster statecomputer constructed exclusively from a single quantum component. Unlikeprevious efforts we eliminate the need for on demand, high fidelity photonsources and detectors and replace them with the same device utilised to createphoton/photon entanglement. This introduces highly probabilistic elements intothe optical architecture while maintaining complete specificity of thestructure and operation for a large scale computer. Photons in this system arecontinually recycled back into the preparation network, allowing for aarbitrarily deep 3D cluster to be prepared using a comparatively small numberof photonic qubits and consequently the elimination of high frequency,deterministic photon sources.

Divsalar, M, Javid, MR, Gandomi, AH, Soofi, JB & Mahmood, MV 2011, 'HYBRID GENETIC PROGRAMMING-BASED SEARCH ALGORITHMS FOR ENTERPRISE BANKRUPTCY PREDICTION', Applied Artificial Intelligence, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 669-692.
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Dong, D & Petersen, IR 2011, 'Controllability of quantum systems with switching control', International Journal of Control, vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 37-46.
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Dong, H & Hussain, FK 2011, 'Focused Crawling for Automatic Service Discovery, Annotation, and Classification in Industrial Digital Ecosystems', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 2106-2116.
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Digital Ecosystems make use of Service Factories for service entities' publishing, classification, and management. However, before the emergence of Digital Ecosystems, there existed ubiquitous and heterogeneous service information in the Business Ecosyst

Dong, H & Hussain, FK 2011, 'Semantic service matchmaking for Digital Health Ecosystems', KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 761-774.
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The vision of Digital Ecosystems was initiated by the European Commission, with the purpose of constructing an information and communication technology environment to facilitate the sustainable development of small and medium enterprises. As a key sub-domain of Digital Ecosystems, Digital Health Ecosystems provide crucial services to maintain the health of the main participants of Digital Ecosystems. We are concerned with the large-scale, ambiguous, heterogeneous, and untrustworthy nature of health service information in Digital Health Ecosystems. An intensive survey found that current research cannot support accurate and trustworthy matchmaking between health service requests and health service advertisements in Digital Health Ecosystems. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a framework for a semantic service matchmaker that takes into account the ambiguous, heterogeneous nature of service information in Digital Health Ecosystems. This framework is designed to make four major contributions, which are health service domain knowledge modeling, online health service information disambiguation, health service query disambiguation and health service quality evaluation and ranking. In order to thoroughly evaluate this framework, we implement a prototype - a Semantic Health Service Search Engine, and conduct a series of experiments on the prototype using a functional testing and simulation approach

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2011, 'A context-aware semantic similarity model for ontology environments', CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 505-524.
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While many researchers have contributed to the field of semantic similarity models so far, we find that most of the models are designed for the semantic network environment. When applying the semantic similarity model within the semantic-rich ontology en

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2011, 'A framework for discovering and classifying ubiquitous services in digital health ecosystems', JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AND SYSTEM SCIENCES, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 687-704.
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A digital ecosystem is a widespread type of ubiquitous computing environment comprised of ubiquitous, geographically dispersed, and heterogeneous species, technologies and services. As a subdomain of the digital ecosystems, digital health ecosystems are crucial for the stability and sustainable development of the digital ecosystems. However, since the service information in the digital health ecosystems exhibits the same features as those in the digital ecosystems, it is difficult for a service consumer to precisely and quickly retrieve a service provider for a given health service request. Consequently, it is a matter of urgency that a technology is developed to discover and classify the health service information obtained from the digital health ecosystems. A survey of state-of-the-art semantic service discovery technologies reveals that no significant research effort has been made in this area. Hence, in this paper, we present a framework for discovering and classifying the vast amount of service information present in the digital health ecosystems. The framework incorporates the technology of semantic focused crawler and social classification. A series of experiments are conducted in order to respectively evaluate the framework and the employed mathematical model.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2011, 'A service concept recommendation system for enhancing the dependability of semantic service matchmakers in the service ecosystem environment', JOURNAL OF NETWORK AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 619-631.
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A Service Ecosystem is a biological view of the business and software environment, which is comprised of a Service Use Ecosystem and a Service Supply Ecosystem. Service matchmakers play an important role in ensuring the connectivity between the two ecosystems. Current matchmakers attempt to employ ontologies to disambiguate service consumers' service queries by semantically classifying service entities and providing a series of human computer interactions to service consumers. However, the lack of relevant service domain knowledge and the wrong service queries could prevent the semantic service matchmakers from seeking the service concepts that can be used to correctly represent service requests. To resolve this issue, in this paper, we propose the framework of a service concept recommendation system, which is built upon a semantic similarity model. This system can be employed to seek the concepts used to correctly represent service consumers' requests, when a semantic service matchmaker finds that the service concepts that are eventually retrieved cannot match the service requests. Whilst many similar semantic similarity models have been developed to date, most of them focus on distance-based measures for the semantic network environment and ignore content-based measures for the ontology environment. For the ontology environment in which concepts are defined with sufficient datatype properties, object properties, and restrictions etc., the content of concepts should be regarded as an important factor in concept similarity measures. Hence, we present a novel semantic similarity model for the service ontology environment. The technical details and evaluation details of the framework are discussed in this paper

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2011, 'A Service Search Engine for the Industrial Digital Ecosystems', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 2183-2196.
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Digital ecosystem (DE) is comprised of heterogeneous and distributed species which can play the dual role of service provider and service requester. Nowadays, DE lacks semantic search support, which means it cannot provide a reliable and trustworthy link

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2011, 'ORPMS: An Ontology-based Real-time Project Monitoring System in the Cloud', JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 1161-1182.
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Dong, Y, Hong, W-C, Xu, Y & Yu, S 2011, 'Selecting the Individual Numerical Scale and Prioritization Method in the Analytic Hierarchy Process: A 2-Tuple Fuzzy Linguistic Approach', IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 13-25.
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Douglas, C, Fildes, B & Gibson, T 2011, 'Modeling Occupants in Far-Side Impacts', Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 508-517.
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Far-side impacts are not part of any regulated NCAP, FMVSS, or similar test regime despite accounting for 43 percent of the seriously injured persons and 30 percent of the harm in U.S. side impact crashes. Furthermore, injuries to the head and thorax account for over half of the serious injuries sustained by occupants in far-side crashes. Despite this, there is no regulated or well-accepted anthropomorphic test device (ATD) or computer model available to investigate far-side impacts. As such, this presents an opportunity to assess a computer model that can be used to measure the effect of varying restraint parameters on occupant biomechanics in far-side impacts. Objective: This study sets out to demonstrate the modified TASS human facet model's (MOTHMO) capabilities in modeling whole-body response in far-side impacts. Method: MOTHMO's dynamic response was compared to that of postmortem human subjects (PMHS), WorldSID, and Thor-NT in a series of far-side sled tests. The advantages, disadvantages, and differences of using MOTHMO compared to ATDs were highlighted and described in terms of model design and instrumentation. Potential applications and improvements for MOTHMO were also recommended. Results: The results showed that MOTHMO is capable of replicating the seat belt-to-shoulder complex interaction, pelvis impacts, head displacement, neck and shoulder belt loading from inboard mounted belts, and impacts from multiple directions. Overall, the model performed better than Thor-NT and at least as well as WorldSID when compared to PMHS results. Though WorldSID and Thor-NT ATDs were capable of reproducing many of these impact loads, measuring the seat belt-to-shoulder complex interaction and thoracic deflection at multiple sites and directions was less accurately handled. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that MOTHMO is capable of modeling whole-body response in far-side impacts. Furthermore, MOTHMO can be used as a virtual design tool to explore the effect of var...

Dovey, K & Muller, L 2011, 'Dangerous learning in edgy contexts: creativity and innovation in the South African arts domain', International Journal of Lifelong Education, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 613-629.
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n this paper, we outline a pilot project aimed at exploring the role of contextual factors in the facilitation of creativity and innovation within a range of South African art forms. Interviews with 11 people who have rich experience of the South African art domain delivered an insightful perspective on the contextual factors driving lifelong creativity and its continuous realization in innovative outcomes within these art forms.

Droste, M, Steffen, M, Stausberg, JR & Deuse, J 2011, 'Benchmark zur schlanken Produktion in Unternehmensnetzwerken', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 106, no. 12, pp. 944-948.
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Kurzfassung Benchmarking ist eine geeignete Methode, um den Umsetzungsgrad verschwendungsarmer Produktionsprozesse zu ermitteln. Hierfür sind Vertrauen und Transparenz unter den Teilnehmern wichtige Erfolgskriterien, da nur ein offener Austausch über Erfolge und Misserfolge einen Lernprozess ermöglichen. Einen solchen Rahmen bietet das Netzwerk Industrie RuhrOst (NIRO) e.V. Mit den Produktionsbetrieben werden Prozessaudits und Benchmark-Reisen innerhalb des Netzwerks durchgeführt. Der anschließende Erfahrungsaustausch fördert bilaterale Kooperationen und stärkt langfristig die Innovationsfähigkeit.

Du, C, Yang, J, Wu, Q & He, X 2011, 'Locating facial landmarks by support vector machine-based active shape model', International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 151-151.
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Active shape model (ASM) plays an important role in face research such as face recognition, pose estimation and gaze estimation. A crucial step of the common ASM is finding a new position for each facial landmark at each iteration. Mahalanobis distance minimisation is used for this finding, provided there are enough training data such that the grey-level profiles for each landmark following a multivariate Gaussian distribution. However, this condition could not be satisfied in most cases. In this paper, a novel method support vector machine-based active shape model (SVMBASM) is proposed for this task. It approaches the finding task as a small sample size classification problem. Moreover, considering the poor classification performance caused by the imbalanced dataset which contains more negative instances (incorrect candidates for new position) than positive instances (correct candidates for new position), a multi-class classification framework is further proposed. Performance evaluation on Shanghai Jiao Tong University face database shows that the proposed SVMBASM outperforms the original ASM in terms of the average error and average frequency of convergence. © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Du, Y & Lu, DD-C 2011, 'Battery-integrated boost converter utilizing distributed MPPT configuration for photovoltaic systems', Solar Energy, vol. 85, no. 9, pp. 1992-2002.
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Duncan, EL, Danoy, P, Kemp, JP, Leo, PJ, McCloskey, E, Nicholson, GC, Eastell, R, Prince, RL, Eisman, JA, Jones, G, Sambrook, PN, Reid, IR, Dennison, EM, Wark, J, Richards, JB, Uitterlinden, AG, Spector, TD, Esapa, C, Cox, RD, Brown, SDM, Thakker, RV, Addison, KA, Bradbury, LA, Center, JR, Cooper, C, Cremin, C, Estrada, K, Felsenberg, D, Glüer, C-C, Hadler, J, Henry, MJ, Hofman, A, Kotowicz, MA, Makovey, J, Nguyen, SC, Nguyen, TV, Pasco, JA, Pryce, K, Reid, DM, Rivadeneira, F, Roux, C, Stefansson, K, Styrkarsdottir, U, Thorleifsson, G, Tichawangana, R, Evans, DM & Brown, MA 2011, 'Genome-Wide Association Study Using Extreme Truncate Selection Identifies Novel Genes Affecting Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Risk', PLoS Genetics, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. e1001372-e1001372.
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Osteoporotic fracture is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a major predisposing factor to fracture and is known to be highly heritable. Site-, gender-, and age-specific genetic effects on BMD are thought to be significant, but have largely not been considered in the design of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of BMD to date. We report here a GWAS using a novel study design focusing on women of a specific age (postmenopausal women, age 55-85 years), with either extreme high or low hip BMD (age- and gender-adjusted BMD z-scores of +1.5 to +4.0, n = 1055, or -4.0 to -1.5, n = 900), with replication in cohorts of women drawn from the general population (n = 20,898). The study replicates 21 of 26 known BMD-associated genes. Additionally, we report suggestive association of a further six new genetic associations in or around the genes CLCN7, GALNT3, IBSP, LTBP3, RSPO3, and SOX4, with replication in two independent datasets. A novel mouse model with a loss-of-function mutation in GALNT3 is also reported, which has high bone mass, supporting the involvement of this gene in BMD determination. In addition to identifying further genes associated with BMD, this study confirms the efficiency of extreme-truncate selection designs for quantitative trait association studies. © 2011 Duncan et al.

Dyadyuk, V, Huang, X, Stokes, L & Pathikulangara, J 2011, 'Implementation of wideband digital beam forming in the E-band', International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 259-266.
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This paper reports the test results of a small-scale prototype that implements a digitally beam-formed phased antenna array in the E-band. A four-channel dual-conversion receive RF module for 71–76 GHz frequency band has been developed and integrated with a linear end-fire antenna array. Wideband frequency-domain angle-of-arrival estimation and beam-forming algorithms were developed and implemented using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) at 1 Gbps. Measured performance is very close to the simulated results and experimental data for an analogue-beam-formed array. This work is a stepping stone toward practical realization of larger hybrid arrays in the E-band.

Dyson, LE & Litchfield, A 2011, 'Advancing Collaboration between M-Learning Researchers and Practitioners through an Online Portal and Web 2.0 Technologies', International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 64-72.
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With growing interest in mobile learning to address the educational requirements of a generation of students who have grown up with digital technology, and given the widespread adoption of mobile devices by indigenous people and in developing countries, there is a need for improved practice and better theoretical understanding of m-learning. This could be achieved through a more accessible body of knowledge of m-learning principles, teaching strategies and case-studies. This paper proposes the establishment of an online portal to influence and support good m-learning practice. An m-learning portal, incorporating a range of online, Web 2.0 and mobile technologies, would foster collaboration between researchers and educators and inform emerging national and international approaches using mobile technologies at all levels of the education sector and across all disciplines.

Eager, DM 2011, 'Playground equipment - certification and compliance', Education Matters, vol. Primary, pp. 32-34.

Ebrahimi Warkiani, M, Lou, C-P & Gong, H-Q 2011, 'Fabrication of multi-layer polymeric micro-sieve having narrow slot pores with conventional ultraviolet-lithography and micro-fabrication techniques', Biomicrofluidics, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 36504-365049.
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Fast detection of waterborne pathogens is important for securing the hygiene of drinking water. Detection of pathogens in water at low concentrations and minute quantities demands rapid and efficient enrichment methods in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of bio-sensors. We propose and demonstrate a low cost and rapid method to fabricate a multi-layer polymeric micro-sieve using conventional lithography techniques. The micro-fabricated micro-sieves are made of several layers of SU-8 photoresist using multiple coating and exposure steps and a single developing process. The obtained micro-sieves have good mechanical properties, smooth surfaces, high porosity (≈40%), and narrow pore size distribution (coefficient of variation &lt; 3.33%). Sample loading and back-flushing using the multi-layer micro-sieve resulted in more than 90% recovery of pathogens, which showed improved performance than current commercial filters.

Ebrahimi, T, Karam, L, Pereira, F, El-Maleh, K & Burnett, I 2011, 'The Quality of Multimedia: Challenges and Trends [From the Guest Editors]', IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 17-148.
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El Saliby, I, Erdei, L, Shon, HK & Kim, J-H 2011, 'Development of visible light sensitive titania photocatalysts by combined nitrogen and silver doping', JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 358-363.
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In this study we present the effects of non-metal (nitrogen) and metal/non-metal (silver/nitrogen) dopants on titanium dioxide (TiO2) in synthesising visible-light reactive photocatalysts. Nanopowders of TiO2-N and TiO2-NâAg were synthesised using a simple procedure at room temperature. For nitrogen doping, a dispersion of Degussa P-25 was treated with ammonium hydroxide. The obtained modified catalyst was further treated with silver nitrate powder to facilitate silver-nitrogen co-doping. The produced catalysts were characterised using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and specific surface area measurements. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray and transmission electron microscopy were adapted to detect changes in the morphology and in the chemical composition of synthesised catalysts. The results show that both the morphology and appearance of catalysts were modified to yield nanopowders of yellowish color and relatively high specific surface area. Methylene blue (MB) dye was used as a model aquatic contaminant in 23 mg/L concentration to study the performance of these novel photocatalysts in an aerobic mixed batch reactor system under white light irradiation. Both nitrogen and nitrogen-silver co-doping lead to visible light sensitivity and the new catalysts showed remarkable activities in the decolorisation of MB.

El Saliby, I, Erdei, L, Shon, HK, Kim, JB & Kim, J-H 2011, 'Preparation and characterisation of mesoporous photoactive Na-titanate microspheres', CATALYSIS TODAY, vol. 164, no. 1, pp. 370-376.
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Mesoporous Na-titanate microspheres were fabricated by a simple low temperature hydrothermal synthesis. Microsphereswereobtained after treating TiO2 (Degussa P-25) with a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at 25â¦C and 80 â¦C. The as-prepared powders were characterised by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorptionâdesorption measurements and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The as-prepared microspheres were calcined at 550 â¦C to investigate the effect of calcination on morphology and characteristics. Microspheres were tested for the adsorption and photodecomposition of methylene blue (MB) under ultraviolet light. The results revealed that microspheres with average diameter of 700nmwere formed by self-assembly of tiny TiO2 nanoparticles during the reaction at 25 â¦C, whereas spherical aggregation of nanofibres was detected in powders produced at 80 â¦C. Calcination of samples had low impact on morphology, adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of MB. These novel materials are effective adsorbents of MB, and also capable of its photodecolorisation.

El Saliby, I, Shon, HK, Kandasamy, J & Kim, J-H 2011, 'Synthesis, characterisation and separation of photoreactive Hydrogen-titanate nanofibrous channel', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 202-207.
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Australia is the world's largest wool producing country, accounting for about 25â30% of world production. As a biotemplate, we explored the possibility of using wool to produce micro-channel of Hydrogentitanate nanofibres through morphology transcription of wool microfibres. Hydrothermal method was adopted to synthesise titanate nanofibres. A facile method of impregnation followed by incineration at 600 â¦C was utilised to prepare the nanofibrous channel. Anatase undoped nanofibrous (average nanofibre diameter = 44 nm) channel of around 50min length and an average diameter of 9.5mwere obtained. The photocatalytic activity of nanofibrous channel was monitored under UV irradiation for the decomposition of humic acid in aqueous solution using an aerobic batch reactor system. The photodegradation results showed that UV254 absorbing moeities and DOC were respectively reduced by 82% and 66% after 3 h of photoreaction at 1 g/L catalyst load. The novel nanofibrous channel could be easily separated from the aqueous suspension by sedimentation after the end of the photocatalytic reaction.

Fang, F, Ni, B, Li, W, Sheng, G & Yu, H 2011, 'A simulation-based integrated approach to optimize the biological nutrient removal process in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 174, no. 2-3, pp. 635-643.
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Farrokhnia, A, Pirasteh, S, Pradhan, B, Pourkermani, M & Arian, M 2011, 'A recent scenario of mass wasting and its impact on the transportation in Alborz Mountains, Iran using geo-information technology', Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 4, no. 7-8, pp. 1337-1349.
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Fatahi, B, Engelbert, D, Mujic, S & Khabbaz, H 2011, 'Effects of preloading on soft clay improvement using Deep Soil Mixing', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 63-71.
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Poor performing soils, particularly soft clays, are more prevalent around lakes and coastal environments, where demand for construction is generally higher. It is therefore critical that suitable ground improvement techniques be developed and refined to ensure these sites perform satisfactorily under applied structural loads. There is a clear trend in geotechnical construction to further develop technologies such as Deep Soil Mixing (DSM), using cement, lime, fly ash or bottom ash, with an aim to improve the mechanical properties of problematic soils. In this study, the influence of surcharge (10 kPa to 120 kPa) applied during curing on soil-cement columns is investigated using two different clay types, namely kaolinite and bentonite. Preload provides confinement and pre-compression during curing, which in turn increases the bearing capacity of the treated ground. The results of unconfined compressive strength tests are analysed to illustrate how the mechanical properties of the clays composed of differing cement content are influenced under varying surcharges applied instantly after mixing. The results indicate that mechanical properties of cement treated soft clays, including strength and stiffness can be enhanced through the application of surcharge immediately after construction, during the curing phase. This could potentially provide a cost effective and environmentally friendly alternative by reducing the required cement content being added to soil to achieve a given strength.

Fatahi, B, Khabbaz, H & Ho, HL 2011, 'Effects of geotextiles on drainage performance of ballasted rail tracks', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 91-102.
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Naturally soft soils are mostly found around coastal regions, where the construction of ballasted rail tracks is required to have a more thorough consideration regarding filtration. Any poor filter design on weak ground inevitably leads to a critical change in ballast characteristics. It is noticeable that such a change results in several issues including significant migration of finer particles about the subballast-subgrade interface and the deficiency of subballast filtration. These problems eventually reduce the drainage ability of the rail sub-system and may cause severe damage which can only be remedied by frequent and costly track maintenance. It is therefore important that geosynthetics such as geotextiles are introduced to the rail track system as an additional filter layer, which is able to retain the desirable filtering characteristics. This paper investigates the impact of non-woven geotextiles on filtration behaviour of subballast in the laboratory, while adopting different granular filter (subballast) thicknesses varying from 0 mm to 50 mm. The research findings demonstrate a notable difference in the cumulative fine loss per unit volume within a given period of time between two distinctive tests - with and without geotextiles, thus emphasising the beneficial application of this geosynthetic material. Empirical estimation of permeability and properties of subballast, including grading curves after testing, are carefully carried out and the results are presented in this paper. The results indicate that the thickness of granular subballast can be significantly reduced by including geotextiles. This paper, in turn, evaluates the potential combination of the track substructure and geotextiles to achieve the optimum filter design and more importantly, alleviate the cost of track maintenance.

Fatahi, B, Khabbaz, SH & Basack, S 2011, 'Effects of salinity and sand content on liquid limit and hydraulic conductivity', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 67-76.
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Soil conditions of construction sites have become worse than ever due to the overpopulation in the metropolitan areas throughout the world. Likewise, the prevention of environmental risks due to individual activities is one of the most important subjects in the geo-environmental problems. Saline soils may induce several problems in geotechnical engineering projects such as infrastructure embankments, road construction and clay liners. Effect of the various concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) on several different soils including bentonite, kaolinite and fine sand mixtures has been evaluated. In addition, influence of salinity and the period of submergence on the hydraulic conductivity of soil samples collected from a certain area of east coast of India was investigated. The results show that the liquid limit of the mixtures generally decreases with an increase in the salt concentration. Liquid limit decreased significantly with an increase in NaCl concentration up to a certain level. However, a further increase in the concentration does not induce any significant decrease in liquid limit. Furthermore, the soil hydraulic conductivity increase with the salt concentration and with increase in the period of submergence, the hydraulic conductivity of the soil increases asymptotically.

Feiping Nie, Zinan Zeng, Tsang, IW, Dong Xu & Changshui Zhang 2011, 'Spectral Embedded Clustering: A Framework for In-Sample and Out-of-Sample Spectral Clustering', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 1796-1808.
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Spectral clustering (SC) methods have been successfully applied to many real-world applications. The success of these SC methods is largely based on the manifold assumption, namely, that two nearby data points in the high-density region of a low-dimensional data manifold have the same cluster label. However, such an assumption might not always hold on high-dimensional data. When the data do not exhibit a clear low-dimensional manifold structure (e.g., high-dimensional and sparse data), the clustering performance of SC will be degraded and become even worse than K -means clustering. In this paper, motivated by the observation that the true cluster assignment matrix for high-dimensional data can be always embedded in a linear space spanned by the data, we propose the spectral embedded clustering (SEC) framework, in which a linearity regularization is explicitly added into the objective function of SC methods. More importantly, the proposed SEC framework can naturally deal with out-of-sample data. We also present a new Laplacian matrix constructed from a local regression of each pattern and incorporate it into our SEC framework to capture both local and global discriminative information for clustering. Comprehensive experiments on eight real-world high-dimensional datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of our SEC framework over existing SC methods and K-means-based clustering methods. Our SEC framework significantly outperforms SC using the Nystrm algorithm on unseen data. © 2011 IEEE.

Ferguson, S, Schubert, E & Dean, RT 2011, 'Continuous subjective loudness responses to reversals and inversions of a sound recording of an orchestral excerpt', Musicae Scientiae, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 387-401.
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Twenty-four respondents continuously rated the loudness of the first 65 seconds of a Dvořák Slavonic Dance, which was known to vary considerably in loudness. They also rated the same excerpt when the sound file was digitally treated so that (1) the sound pressure level (SPL) was inverted or (2) it was temporally reversed or (3) both 1 and 2. Specifically we wanted to see if acoustic intensity was processed into the percept of loudness primarily using a bottom-up (indifferent to timbral environment and thematic cues) or top-down style (where musical context, such as instrument identity and musical expectation affects the loudness rating). Comparing the different versions (conditions) allowed us to ascertain which style they were likely to be using. A single, six-second region was located as being differentiated across two conditions, where loudness seemed to be increased due to expectation of the instrument and orchestral texture, despite the lower SPL. We named this effect an auditory loudness stroop. A second region was differentiated between the two conditions, but its explanation appears to involve two factors, auditory looming perception and the reversal of stimulus note ramps. The overall conclusion was that the predominant processing style for loudness rating was bottom-up. Implications for further research and application to models of loudness are discussed.

Ferrie, C, Granade, CE & Cory, DG 2011, 'How to best sample a periodic probability distribution, or on the accuracy of Hamiltonian finding strategies', QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 611-623.
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Projective measurements of a single two-level quantum mechanical system (aqubit) evolving under a time-independent Hamiltonian produce a probabilitydistribution that is periodic in the evolution time. The period of thisdistribution is an important parameter in the Hamiltonian. Here, we explore howto design experiments so as to minimize error in the estimation of thisparameter. While it has been shown that useful results may be obtained byminimizing the risk incurred by each experiment, such an approach iscomputationally intractable in general. Here, we motivate and derive heuristicstrategies for experiment design that enjoy the same exponential scaling asfully optimized strategies. We then discuss generalizations to the case offinite relaxation times, T_2 < \infty.

Fiechter, CA, Marjanovic, O, Boppert, JF & Kern, E-M 2011, 'Knowledge Management Can Be Lean: Improving Knowledge Intensive Business Processes', INNOVATION THROUGH KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER 2010, vol. 9, pp. 31-40.
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Filatova, T, Voinov, A & van der Veen, A 2011, 'Land market mechanisms for preservation of space for coastal ecosystems: An agent-based analysis', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 179-190.
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Fitch, AL, Iu, HHC & Lu, DDC 2011, 'An Analog Computer for Electronic Engineering Education', IEEE Transactions on Education, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 550-557.
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Folowosele, F, Hamilton, TJ & Etienne-Cummings, R 2011, 'Silicon Modeling of the Mihalaş–Niebur Neuron', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 1915-1927.
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There are a number of spiking and bursting neuron models with varying levels of complexity, ranging from the simple integrate-and-fire model to the more complex Hodgkin-Huxley model. The simpler models tend to be easily implemented in silicon but yet not biologically plausible. Conversely, the more complex models tend to occupy a large area although they are more biologically plausible. In this paper, we present the 0.5 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) implementation of the Mihala-Niebur neuron modela generalized model of the leaky integrate-and-fire neuron with adaptive thresholdthat is able to produce most of the known spiking and bursting patterns that have been observed in biology. Our implementation modifies the original proposed model, making it more amenable to CMOS implementation and more biologically plausible. All but one of the spiking propertiestonic spiking, class 1 spiking, phasic spiking, hyperpolarized spiking, rebound spiking, spike frequency adaptation, accommodation, threshold variability, integrator and input bistabilityare demonstrated in this model. © 2011 IEEE.

Fradet, E, McDougall, C, Abbyad, P, Dangla, R, McGloin, D & Baroud, CN 2011, 'Combining rails and anchors with laser forcing for selective manipulation within 2D droplet arrays', Lab on a Chip, vol. 11, no. 24, pp. 4228-4228.
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Fredlund, DG, Sheng, D & Zhao, J 2011, 'Estimation of soil suction from the soil-water characteristic curve', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 186-198.
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Soil-water characteristic curves (SWCCs) are routinely used for the estimation of unsaturated soil property functions (e.g., permeability functions, water storage functions, shear strength functions, and thermal property functions). This paper examines the possibility of using the SWCC for the estimation of in situ soil suction. The paper focuses on the limitations of estimating soil suctions from the SWCC and also suggests a context under which soil suction estimations should be used. The potential range of estimated suction values is known to be large because of hysteresis between drying and wetting SWCCs. For this, and other reasons, the estimation of in situ suctions from the SWCC has been discouraged. However, a framework is suggested in this paper for estimating the median value for in situ soil suction along with a likely range of soil suction values (i.e., maximum and minimum values). The percentage error in the estimation of soil suction from the SWCC is shown to be lowest for sand soils and highest for clay soils.

Frost, SA, Nguyen, ND, Black, DA, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2011, 'Risk factors for in-hospital post-hip fracture mortality', Bone, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 553-558.
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Introduction: Approximately 10% of hip fracture patients die during hospitalization; however, it is not clear what risk factors contribute to the excess mortality. This study sought to examine risk factors of, and to develop prognostic model for, predicting in-hospital mortality among hip fracture patients. Methods: We studied outcomes among 410 men and 1094 women with a hip fracture who were admitted to a major-teaching-hospital in Sydney (Australia) between 1997 and 2007. Clinical data, including concomitant illnesses, were obtained from inpatient data. The primary outcome of the study was in-hospital mortality regardless of length of stay. A Log-binomial regression model was used to identify risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Using the identified risk factors, prognostic nomograms were developed for predicting short term risk of mortality for an individual. Results: The median duration of hospitalization was 9. days. During hospitalization, the risk of mortality was higher in men (9%) than in women (4%). After adjusting for multiple risk factors, increased risk of in-hospital mortality was associated with advancing age (rate ratio [RR] for each 10-year increase in age: 1.91 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47 to 2.49), in men (RR 2.13; 95% CI 1.41 to 3.22), and the presence of comorbid conditions on admission (RR for one or more comorbid conditions vs. none: 2.30; 95% CI 1.52 to 3.48). Specifically, the risk of mortality was increased in patients with a pre-existing congestive heart failure (RR 3.02; 95% CI: 1.65 to 5.54), and liver disease (RR 4.75; 95% CI: 1.87 to 12.1). These factors collectively accounted for 69% of the risk for in-hospital mortality. A nomogram was developed from these risk factors to individualize the risk of in-hospital death following a hip fracture. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the final model containing age, sex and comorbid conditions was 0.76. Conclusion: These data suggest that among ...

Fugura, AA, Billa, L, Pradhan, B, Mohamed, TA & Rawashdeh, S 2011, 'Coupling of hydrodynamic modeling and aerial photogrammetry-derived digital surface model for flood simulation scenarios using GIS: Kuala Lumpur flood, Malaysia', Disaster Advances, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 20-28.
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Hydrological simulations are useful methods of assessing and testing different scenarios of the impact of a hydrological event on a hydrological environment. Their effect and efficiency are however limited without the support of spatial planning tools such as GIS. GIS provides the platform for simulations to be integrated with supporting basin and floodplain data to be projected spatially and visualized spatially in support of decision making. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia is experiencing frequent floods due to the rapid expansion of the city and increasing intensity of monsoon rainfall. In this study hydrodynamic simulation is coupled with a well developed digital surface and terrain model (DEM) to map flood extent in Kuala Lumpur. Techniques and methods discuss the integration of hydrological processes, remote sensing and GIS processing in 3D hydrological GIS modeling to represent different flooding scenarios.

Furrer, F, Franz, T, Berta, M, Leverrier, A, Scholz, VB, Tomamichel, M & Werner, RF 2011, 'Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution: Finite-Key Analysis of Composable Security against Coherent Attacks', Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 109, no. 10, p. 100502.
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We provide a security analysis for continuous variable quantum keydistribution protocols based on the transmission of squeezed vacuum statesmeasured via homodyne detection. We employ a version of the entropicuncertainty relation for smooth entropies to give a lower bound on the numberof secret bits which can be extracted from a finite number of runs of theprotocol. This bound is valid under general coherent attacks, and gives rise tokeys which are composably secure. For comparison, we also give a lower boundvalid under the assumption of collective attacks. For both scenarios, we findpositive key rates using experimental parameters reachable today.

Gainder, S, Raveendran, A, Bagga, R, Saha, SC, Dhaliwal, LK & Bhansali, AK 2011, 'Phaeochromocytoma in pregnancy can mimic severe hypertensive disorders', Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 539-541.
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Gandomi, AH & Alavi, AH 2011, 'Applications of Computational Intelligence in Behavior Simulation of Concrete Materials', Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 359, pp. 221-243.
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The application of Computational Intelligence (CI) to structural engineering design problems is relatively new. This chapter presents the use of the CI techniques, and specifically Genetic Programming (GP) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques, in behavior modeling of concrete materials. We first introduce two main branches of GP, namely Tree-based Genetic Programming (TGP) and Linear Genetic Programming (LGP), and two variants of ANNs, called Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF). The simulation capabilities of these techniques are further demonstrated by applying them to two conventional concrete material cases. The first case is simulation of concrete compressive strength using mix properties and the second problem is prediction of elastic modulus of concrete using its compressive strength. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Gandomi, AH & Alavi, AH 2011, 'Multi-stage genetic programming: A new strategy to nonlinear system modeling', Information Sciences, vol. 181, no. 23, pp. 5227-5239.
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Gandomi, AH & Yang, X-S 2011, 'Benchmark Problems in Structural Optimization', Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 356, pp. 259-281.
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Structural optimization is an important area related to both optimization and structural engineering. Structural optimization problems are often used as benchmarks to validate new optimization algorithms or to test the suitability of a chosen algorithm. In almost all structural engineering applications, it is very important to find the best possible parameters for given design objectives and constraints which are highly non-linear, involving many different design variables. The field of structural optimization is also an area undergoing rapid changes in terms of methodology and design tools. Thus, it is highly necessary to summarize some benchmark problems for structural optimization. This chapter provides an overview of structural optimization problems of both truss and non-truss cases. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH & Yun, GJ 2011, 'Formulation of uplift capacity of suction caissons using multi expression programming', KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 363-373.
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Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH & Yun, GJ 2011, 'Nonlinear modeling of shear strength of SFRC beams using linear genetic programming', Structural Engineering and Mechanics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 1-25.
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Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH, Mirzahosseini, MR & Nejad, FM 2011, 'Nonlinear Genetic-Based Models for Prediction of Flow Number of Asphalt Mixtures', Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 248-263.
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Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH, Mousavi, M & Tabatabaei, SM 2011, 'A hybrid computational approach to derive new ground-motion prediction equations', Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 717-732.
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Gandomi, AH, Sahab, MG & Rahai, A 2011, 'A dynamic nondestructive damage detection methodology for orthotropic plate structures', Structural Engineering and Mechanics, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 223-239.
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Gandomi, AH, Tabatabaei, SM, Moradian, MH, Radfar, A & Alavi, AH 2011, 'A new prediction model for the load capacity of castellated steel beams', Journal of Constructional Steel Research, vol. 67, no. 7, pp. 1096-1105.
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Gandomi, AH, Yang, X-S & Alavi, AH 2011, 'Mixed variable structural optimization using Firefly Algorithm', Computers & Structures, vol. 89, no. 23-24, pp. 2325-2336.
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Gao, L, Xu, M, Yan, SF, Liu, MG, Hou, CH & Wang, DH 2011, 'Content-aware broadcast soccer video retargeting using fuzzy logic', Electronics Letters, vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 694-695.
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A content-aware video retargeting method is proposed for playing broadcast soccer video in small displays. Four visual perception clues are predefined based on soccer game-specific knowledge and modelled by visual attention features firstly. Then, a fuzzy logic inference system is proposed to estimate visual attention values (AVs) of ball and players by fusing attention features. AVs are later used to determine the region of interest (ROI) of each frame. Finally, a retargeted video is generated by the ROI of each frame with polynomial curve fitting for temporal smoothing. Both subjective and objective evaluation results are promising. © 2011 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

Gao, W, Wu, D, Song, C, Tin-Loi, F & Li, X 2011, 'Hybrid probabilistic interval analysis of bar structures with uncertainty using a mixed perturbation Monte-Carlo method', Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 643-652.
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This paper presents a mixed perturbation Monte-Carlo method for static and reliability analysis of structural systems with a mixture of random and interval parameters/loadings. Using a combination of the Taylor expansion, matrix perturbation theory and random interval moment method, the expressions for the mean value and standard deviation of random interval structural responses are developed. The Monte-Carlo simulation method is employed to determine the lower and upper bounds of the mean values and standard deviations of structural displacements and stresses. The structural reliability is not a deterministic value but an interval as the structural stress responses are random interval variables. The lower and upper bounds of probability of failure and reliability of structural elements and systems are investigated based on the first-order second-moment reliability method and interval approach. Three numerical examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Gao, Y, Fang, J, Zhang, J, Ren, L, Mao, Y, Li, B, Zhang, M, Liu, D & Du, M 2011, 'The impact of the herbicide atrazine on growth and photosynthesis of seagrass, Zostera marina (L.), seedlings', Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 62, no. 8, pp. 1628-1631.
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Gao, Y, Zhang, G, Lu, J & Wee, H-M 2011, 'Particle swarm optimization for bi-level pricing problems in supply chains', JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 245-254.
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With rapid technological innovation and strong competition in hi-tech industries such as computer and communication organizations, the upstream component price and the downstream product cost usually decline significantly with time. As a result, an effective pricing supply chain model is very important. This paper first establishes two bi-level pricing models for pricing problems with the buyer and the vendor in a supply chain designated as the leader and the follower, respectively. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) based algorithm is developed to solve problems defined by these bi-level pricing models. Experiments illustrate that this PSO based algorithm can achieve a profit increase for buyers or vendors if they are treated as the leaders under some situations, compared with the existing methods.

Ge, Y, Esselle, KP & Bird, TS 2011, 'Compact Dielectric Resonator Antennas With Ultrawide 60%–110% Bandwidth', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 3445-3448.
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Ge, Y, Esselle, KP & Bird, TS 2011, 'Experimental demonstration of a dual‐band electromagnetic band‐gap resonator antenna made out of a simple, single‐layer frequency selective surface', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 1867-1869.
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AbstractThe new concept for realizing a dual‐band electromagnetic band‐gap (EBG) resonator antenna using a simple, single‐sided frequency selective surface (FSS) is demonstrated experimentally.The reversal of the gradient of the FSS reflection coefficient phase response, around a FSS resonance frequency, is exploited to achieve two cavity resonance bands in which the FSS behaves as a partially reflective surface (PRS) with an appropriate reflection phase. An FSS, with rectangular slots printed on one surface, is considered for demonstration. The measured performance of a prototype antenna in two bands, around 11.4 GHz and 13.4 GHz, is presented. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26112

Geng, X, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2011, 'Effectiveness of partially penetrating vertical drains under a combined surcharge and vacuum preloading', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 970-983.
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This paper considers the consolidation of a layer of clay in which partially penetrating prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) are used in conjunction with a combined surcharge and vacuum preloading. Analytical solutions for partially penetrating PVDs are derived by considering vacuum pressure (suction), time-dependent embankment surcharge, well resistance, and smear zone. Three-dimensional seepage with a virtual vertical drain is assumed to reflect real seepage into the soil beneath the tip of a PVD. Analytical solutions were then used to examine the length of the vertical drain and vacuum pressure on soft clay to determine the consolidation time and degree of consolidation, associated settlement, and distribution of suction along the drain. The proposed solutions are then employed to analyse a case history. Finally, an appropriate PVD length in relation to clay thickness and drain spacing is recommended for various loading patterns.

Gerold, B, Kotopoulis, S, McDougall, C, McGloin, D, Postema, M & Prentice, P 2011, 'Laser-nucleated acoustic cavitation in focused ultrasound', Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 044902-044902.
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Acoustic cavitation can occur in therapeutic applications of high-amplitude focused ultrasound. Studying acoustic cavitation has been challenging, because the onset of nucleation is unpredictable. We hypothesized that acoustic cavitation can be forced to occur at a specific location using a laser to nucleate a microcavity in a pre-established ultrasound field. In this paper we describe a scientific instrument that is dedicated to this outcome, combining a focused ultrasound transducer with a pulsed laser. We present high-speed photographic observations of laser-induced cavitation and laser-nucleated acoustic cavitation, at frame rates of 0.5×106 frames per second, from laser pulses of energy above and below the optical breakdown threshold, respectively. Acoustic recordings demonstrated inertial cavitation can be controllably introduced to the ultrasound focus. This technique will contribute to the understanding of cavitation evolution in focused ultrasound including for potential therapeutic applications.

Ghobadi, Y, Pirasteh, S, Pradhan, B, Ahmad, NB, Shafri, HZBM, Sayyad, GA & Kabiri, K 2011, 'Determine of correlation coefficient between EPM and MPSIAC models and generation of erosion maps by GIS techniques in Baghmalek watershed, Khuzestan, Iran', 5thSASTech, Khavaran Highereducation Institute, Mashhad, Iran.

Gil-Aluja, J, Gil-Lafuente, AM & Merigó, JM 2011, 'Using homogeneous groupings in portfolio management', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 10950-10958.
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Goldsmith, R, Reidsema, C, Campbell, D, Hadgraft, R & Levy, D 2011, 'Designing the Future', Australasian Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1-9.
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While there have been improvements in Australian engineering education since the 1990s, there are still strong concerns that more progress needs to be made, particularly in the areas of developing graduate competencies and in outcomes-based curricula. This paper comments on the findings from a two-day Australian Learning and Teaching Council funded forum that sought to establish a shared understanding with the thee stakeholders (students, academics and industry) about how to achieve a design-based engineering curriculum. This paper reports on the findings from the first day's activities, and reveals that there is a shared desire for design and project-based curricula that would encourage the development of the 'three-dimensional' graduate: one who has technical, personal, and professional and systems-thinking/design-based competence. In addition, the data also reveal industry willingness to engage in the engineering curriculum to enhance authentic learning experiences

Golsteijn, C & van den Hoven, E 2011, 'Facilitating communication about books through an online community', PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 197-217.
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Reading books can serve as a means of gathering information, relaxing and escaping daily stress. Although reading is often primarily an individual activity, many readers also enjoy sharing reading experiences with friends, relatives, colleagues and, through the internet, even with strangers. Apart from valuing these individual and collective book activities, books as physical artifacts are also valued, for example because of the memories associated with them. This paper investigates how books can be enhanced with a new product, system or service. In a qualitative interview study, the main reasons for valuing books were found to be related to the self (individual activities and feelings), experiences (e.g., enjoyment or release) and personal values (e.g., embodiment of ideals or personification). As a result, it was decided for the remainder of this study to focus on communication about books, because in addition to individual book-related activities and feelings, users indicated to communicate about books a lot. A book community Web site, called Shelf, was developed to investigate whether book communication could be increased by facilitating an online community and whether users would appreciate the Website functionality. Shelf was used in a 14-day user evaluation, and it was concluded that the Web site increased the extent to which readers communicated about books. We expect that such an online book community would be a valuable enhancement of current book customs, in particular in combination with the current e-book trend, for various types of readers who would like to share their experiences.

Gomez-Tornero, JL, Quesada-Pereira, F, Alvarez-Melcon, A, Goussetis, G, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2011, 'Frequency Steerable Two Dimensional Focusing Using Rectilinear Leaky-Wave Lenses', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 407-415.
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The concept of frequency steerable two-dimensional electromagnetic focusing by using a tapered leaky-wave line source embedded in a parallel-plate medium is presented. Accurate expressions for analyzing the focusing pattern of a rectilinear leaky-wave lens (LWL) from its constituent leaky-mode tapered propagation constant are described. The influence of the main LWL structural parameters on the synthesis of the focusing pattern is discussed. The ability to generate frequency steerable focusing patterns has been demonstrated by means of an example involving a LWL in hybrid waveguide printed-circuit technology and the results are validated by a commercial full-wave solver. © 2010 IEEE.

Gramann, K, Gwin, JT, Ferris, DP, Oie, K, Jung, T-P, Lin, C-T, Liao, L-D & Makeig, S 2011, 'Cognition in action: imaging brain/body dynamics in mobile humans', Reviews in the Neurosciences, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 593-608.
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We have recently developed a mobile brain imaging method (MoBI), that allows for simultaneous recording of brain and body dynamics of humans actively behaving in and interacting with their environment. A mobile imaging approach was needed to study cognitive processes that are inherently based on the use of human physical structure to obtain behavioral goals. This review gives examples of the tight coupling between human physical structure with cognitive processing and the role of supraspinal activity during control of human stance and locomotion. Existing brain imaging methods for actively behaving participants are described and new sensor technology allowing for mobile recordings of different behavioral states in humans is introduced. Finally, we review recent work demonstrating the feasibility of a MoBI system that was developed at the Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience at the University of California, San Diego, demonstrating the range of behavior that can be investigated with this method. Copyright © 2011 by Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, Boston.

Grover, DP, Balaam, J, Pacitto, S, Readman, JW, White, S & Zhou, JL 2011, 'Endocrine disrupting activities in sewage effluent and river water determined by chemical analysis and in vitro assay in the context of granular activated carbon upgrade', Chemosphere, vol. 84, no. 10, pp. 1512-1520.
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As part of endocrine disruption in catchments (EDCAT) programme, this work aims to assess the temporal and spatial variations of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in River Ray, before and after the commissioning of a full-scale granular activated carbon (GAC) plant at a sewage treatment works (STW). Through spot and passive sampling from effluent and river sites, estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities were determined by chemical analysis and in vitro bio-assay. A correlation was found between chemical analyses of the most potent estrogens (estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)) and yeast estrogen screen (YES) measurement, both showing clearly a reduction in estrogenic activity after the commissioning of the GAC plant at the STW. During the study period, the annual average concentrations of E1, E2 and EE2 had decreased from 3.5ngL -1, 3.1ngL -1 and 0.5ngL -1 to below their limit of detection (LOD), respectively, with a concentration reduction of at least 91%, 81% and 60%. Annual mean estrogenic activity measured by YES of spot samples varied from 1.9ngL -1 to 0.4ngL -1 E2 equivalent between 2006 and 2008 representing a 79% reduction. Similarly, anti-androgenic activity measured by yeast anti-androgen screen (anti-YAS) of spot samples was reduced from 148.8 to 22.4μgflutamideL -1, or by 85%. YES and anti-YAS values were related to each other, suggesting co-existence of both types of activities from chemical mixtures in environmental samples. The findings confirm the effectiveness of a full-scale GAC in removing both estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities from sewage effluent. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Grover, DP, Zhou, JL, Frickers, PE & Readman, JW 2011, 'Improved removal of estrogenic and pharmaceutical compounds in sewage effluent by full scale granular activated carbon: Impact on receiving river water', Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 185, no. 2-3, pp. 1005-1011.
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Sewage effluents are widely recognised as the main source of emerging contaminants, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals in surface waters. A full-scale granular activated carbon (GAC) plant has been installed as an advanced technology for the removal of these contaminants, in a major sewage treatment works (STW) in South-West England as part of the UK National Demonstration Programme for EDCs. This study presented for the first time, an assessment of the impact of a recently commissioned, post-tertiary GAC plant in the removal of emerging contaminants in a working STW. Through regular sampling followed by solid-phase extraction and analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), a significant reduction in the concentrations of steroidal estrogens was observed (>43-64%). In addition, significant reductions were observed for many of the pharmaceutical compounds such as mebeverine (84-99%), although the reduction was less dramatic for some of the more widely used pharmaceuticals analysed, including carbamazepine and propranolol (17-23%). © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Gui, L, Liu, B, Wu, H-C, Li, Y & Ma, W 2011, 'Helicopter-Based Digital Electronic News Gathering (H-DENG) System: Case Study and System Solution', IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 121-128.
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Guo, F, Xu, XX, Sun, ZZ, Zhang, JX, Meng, ZX, Zheng, W, Zhou, HM, Wang, BL & Zheng, YF 2011, 'A novel amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on electrospun Hb–collagen composite', Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 140-145.
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Guo, W, Ngo, HH, Wu, Z, Hu, AYJ & Listowski, A 2011, 'Application of bioflocculant and nonwoven supporting media for better biological nutrient removal and fouling control in a submerged MBR', Sustainable Environment Research, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 53-58.
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The study aims at modifying a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) with attached-growth nonwoven media and a new green bioflocculant (GBF) (developed at Environmental Engineering R & D laboratory, University of Technology, Sydney) addition to treat a high strength domestic wastewater for reuse. The performance of the SMBR was evaluated in terms of organic and nutrient removal as well as membrane fouling control. The results indicated that the integrated SMBR system could eliminate more than 95% dissolved organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand from the influent. The system achieved 100% of nitrification during 60 d of operation. The denitrification was primarily based on conventional nitrification-denitrification process occurring in the anoxic zone. The total nitrogen removal efficiency and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification were 93 ± 3 and 96 ± 1% respectively. Although a relatively long solids retention time (50 d) were adopted, over 98% of total phosphorus in the influent was removed through biological phosphorus removal. The results also show that the addition of GBF could improve microbial activity and reduce membrane fouling. During the experiment, the transmembrane pressure developed marginally (4.5 kPa).

Guo, Z-H, Wu, J, Lu, H-Y & Wang, J-Z 2011, 'A case study on a hybrid wind speed forecasting method using BP neural network', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 1048-1056.
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Wind energy, which is intermittent by nature, can have a significant impact on power grid security, power system operation, and market economics, especially in areas with a high level of wind power penetration. Wind speed forecasting has been a vital part of wind farm planning and the operational planning of power grids with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Improving the accuracy of wind speed forecasting algorithms has significant technological and economic impacts on these activities, and significant research efforts have addressed this aim recently. However, there is no single best forecasting algorithm that can be applied to any wind farm due to the fact that wind speed patterns can be very different between wind farms and are usually influenced by many factors that are location-specific and difficult to control. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid wind speed forecasting method based on a back-propagation (BP) neural network and the idea of eliminating seasonal effects from actual wind speed datasets using seasonal exponential adjustment. This method can forecast the daily average wind speed one year ahead with lower mean absolute errors compared to figures obtained without adjustment, as demonstrated by a case study conducted using a wind speed dataset collected from the Minqin area in China from 2001 to 2006. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Guruprasad, B, Indraratna, B, Nghiem, LD & Regmi, G 2011, 'A neural network approach to predict the performance of recycled concrete used in permeable reactive barriers for the treatment of acidic groundwater', Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 199-209.
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Hai, FI, Tadkaew, N, McDonald, JA, Khan, SJ & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Is halogen content the most important factor in the removal of halogenated trace organics by MBR treatment?', Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 10, pp. 6299-6303.
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Hai, FI, Tessmer, K, Nguyen, LN, Kang, J, Price, WE & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Removal of micropollutants by membrane bioreactor under temperature variation', Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 383, no. 1-2, pp. 144-151.
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Hajibabania, S, Verliefde, A, Drewes, JE, Nghiem, LD, McDonald, J, Khan, S & Le-Clech, P 2011, 'Effect of fouling on removal of trace organic compounds by nanofiltration', Drinking Water Engineering and Science, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 71-82.
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Abstract. The fate of chemical of concern is not yet fully understood during treatment of impaired waters. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of different organic-based fouling layers on the removal of a large range of trace organics. Both model and real water samples (mixed with trace organic contaminants at environmental concentration of 2 μg l−1) were used to simulate fouling in nanofiltration under controlled environment. The new and fouled membranes were systematically characterised for surface charge, hydrophobicity and roughness. It was observed that fouling generally reduced the membrane surface charge; however, the alterations of the membrane hydrophobicity and surface roughness were dependent on the foulants composition. The rejection of charged trace organics was observed to be improved due to the increased electrostatic repulsion by fouled membranes and the adsorption of the trace organic chemicals onto organic matters. On the other hand, the removal of nonionic compounds decreased when fouling occurred, due to the presence of cake enhanced concentration polarization. The fouling layer structure was found to play an important role in the rejection of the trace organic compounds.

Hamilton, M, Salim, F, Cheng, E & Choy, SL 2011, 'Transafe', ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 32-37.
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An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS) at Saint Xavier University in Chicago, Illinois (and printed in the 2011 ISTAS proceedings). This paper describes a proposed mobile platform, Transafe , that captures and analyses public perceptions of safety to deliver 'crowdsourced' collective intelligence about places in the City of Melbourne, Australia, and their affective states at various times of the day. Public perceptions of crime on public transport in Melbourne are often mismatched with actual crime statistics and such perceptions thus can act as social barriers to visitors and locals traversing within and through the city. Using interactive mobile applications and social media, the visualization of this crowdsourced safety perception information will increase the commuter's awareness of various situations in the City of Melbourne. In addition, through social behavioral analysis and ethnographic research, the collective public intelligence will also help inform the stakeholders of the city for future policy-making and policing strategies for safety perception management. At the centre of the proposed platform is the design and development of a mobile phone application that can contribute to people feeling safer by supporting users to report crimes and misdemeanors that they witness, and provide information about transportation and emergency services around where the users are located. The proposed application can also act as a crime deterrent with one feature that enables user tracking by up to three nominated friends if the user opts to activate tracking when feeling unsafe while roaming the city.

Hao, X, Wang, Q, Cao, Y & van Loosdrecht, MCM 2011, 'Evaluating sludge minimization caused by predation and viral infection based on the extended activated sludge model No. 2d', Water Research, vol. 45, no. 16, pp. 5130-5140.
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Hartung, J, Schallow, J, Deuse, J & Eerstl, H 2011, 'Effiziente PDM-Unterstützung durch Prozessstandards', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 106, no. 11, pp. 817-821.
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Hartung, J, Schallow, J, Deuse, J & Ferstl, H 2011, 'Effiziente PDM-Unterstützung durch Prozessstandards', ZWF Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 106, no. 11, pp. 817-821.
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A continuous and integrated data and process management in today's digital production planning represents a key success factor. Various continuous digital planning companies make use of ready-made IT-tools to support their planning processes. These IT-tools frequently define by their functionality the framework conditions of the planning processes. This article presents an industry-neutral "best practice" approach for the Integration of production planning processes. © Carl Hanser Verlag, München.

Hashim, NH, Nghiem, LD, Stuetz, RM & Khan, SJ 2011, 'Enantiospecific fate of ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen in a laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor', Water Research, vol. 45, no. 18, pp. 6249-6258.
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Henning, SM, Zhang, Y, Seeram, NP, Lee, R-P, Wang, P, Bowerman, S & Heber, D 2011, 'Antioxidant capacity and phytochemical content of herbs and spices in dry, fresh and blended herb paste form', International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 219-225.
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Hesaraki, S, Javaheri Vayghan, A, Jarolmasjed, SH & Saberi, M 2011, 'Proliferative pigmented pilomatricoma: An immunohistochemical study of CK 7, CK 8 and P 53 expression', Journal of Veterinary Research, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 73-76.
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Pilomatricomas are cystic hair follicle neoplasms originate from matrix cells which is produced by hair shaft and Inner root sheaths of this zone region of the inferior part of the hair follicle there is cornification patterns are present. These structures are recognized almost exclusively in dogs. A five-year-old, male intact boxer dog was presented with a large pedunculated mass in medial aspect of elbow region. The histopathological findings were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The tumor was BCC like with lobules of tumor basal cells and shadow cell-like necrotic cells showing central keratinization. Immunohistochemically, the CK7was negative that revealed this tumor could not to be a BCC. Positivity for CK8 revealed that this tumor originated from hair sheath. Nonentity of invasion and metastasis and negativity for P53 implicated that the tumor was benign. This tumor was proliferative pigmented pilomatricoma because of a large number of basal cells of lobules and melanophages in the interlobular fibrous tissue. This report can be useful in oncoming reclassification of canine skin tumors.

Hill, VK, Dunwell, TL, Catchpoole, D, Krex, D, Brini, AT, Griffiths, M, Craddock, C, Maher, ER & Latif, F 2011, 'Frequent epigenetic inactivation ofKIBRA,an upstream member of the Salvador/Warts/Hippo (SWH) tumor suppressor network, is associated with specific genetic event in B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia', Epigenetics, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 326-332.
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The WW-domain containing protein KIBRA has recently been identified as a new member of the Salvador/Warts/Hippo (SWH) pathway in Drosophila and is shown to act as a tumor suppressor gene in Drosophila. This pathway is conserved in humans and members of the pathway have been shown to act as tumor suppressor genes in mammalian systems. We determined the methylation status of the 5' CpG island associated with the KIBRA gene in human cancers. In a large panel of cancer cell lines representing common epithelial cancers KIBRA was unmethylated. But in pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cell lines KIBRA showed frequent hypermethylation and silencing of gene expression, which could be reversed by treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. In ALL patient samples KIBRA was methylated in 70% B-ALL but was methylated in <20% T-ALL leukemia (p = 0.0019). In B-ALL KIBRA methylation was associated with ETV6/RUNX1 [t(12;21) (p13;q22)] chromosomal translocation (p = 0.0082) phenotype, suggesting that KIBRA may play an important role in t(12;21) leukemogenesis. In ALL paired samples at diagnosis and remission KIBRA methylation was seen in diagnostic but not in any of the remission samples accompanied by loss of KIBRA expression in disease state compared to patients in remission. Hence KIBRA methylation occurs frequently in B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia but not in epithelial cancers and is linked to specific genetic event in B-ALL. © 2011 Landes Bioscience.

Ho, D, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH, Shon, HK, Kandasamy, J, Chang, CY & Chang, JS 2011, 'Photocatalysis of trimethoprim (TRI) in water', Sustainable Environment Research, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 149-154.
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The advantage of the use of photocatalysts to treat persistent organic pollutants (POP) was demonstrated with the decomposition of trimethoprim (TRI), an antibiotic most frequently detected in municipal wastewaters and surface waters. In this study, the oxidation process by UV/TiO2 was employed as an alternative to advanced oxidation process (AOP) to remove residual antibiotics from water. High concentrations of TRI were used to study the efficiency of photocatalysis. Both batch and continuous photoreactors were used. The decomposition of TRI by TiO2/UV photooxidation occurred gradually over time. On the other hand, with UV irradiation alone, the reduction of TRI mineralization was relatively small. The effect of light intensity showed there was no significant impact of UV light intensity on the degradation of TRI in the range of increasing intensities studied. The simulation using first-order kinetics provided a good fit with the experimental data. In the continuous system, the feed flow rate was adjusted to maximize the percentage of mineralization of targeted compounds inside the photoreactor. A lower flow rate, i.e., higher detention time, achieved higher percentage of TRI mineralization. The results indicated that TiO2/UV irradiation was effective in removing TRI.

Hokmabadi, AS, Fakher, A & Fatahi, B 2011, 'Seismic Strain Wedge Model for analysis of single piles under lateral seismic loading', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 31-41.
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One of the most effective methods of analysing a single pile and pile groups under lateral loading is Strain Wedge Model (SWM). SWM has a number of advantages in comparison with traditional p-y curves, but this model could traditionally only be used to analyse piles under monotonie loads. In the present paper, SWM has been modified to consider dynamic lateral loading. Based on this new method, called Seismic Strain Wedge Model (SSWM), a computer code has been developed for lateral analysis of piles. Using this computer code, some case studies have been analysed and the results show good agreement with test data. This paper introduces SSWM as a simple and powerful solution to analyse piles under lateral seismic loading.

Hong, AM, Dobbins, TA, Lee, CS, Jones, D, Fei, J, Clark, JR, Armstrong, BK, Harnett, GB, Milross, CG, Tran, N, Peculis, LD, Ng, C, Milne, AG, Loo, C, Hughes, LJ, Forstner, DF, O'Brien, CJ & Rose, BR 2011, 'Use of cyclin D1 in conjunction with human papillomavirus status to predict outcome in oropharyngeal cancer', International Journal of Cancer, vol. 128, no. 7, pp. 1532-1545.
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AbstractThere is increasing use of multiple molecular markers to predict prognosis in human cancer. Our aim was to examine the prognostic significance of cyclin D1 and retinoblastoma (pRb) expression in association with human papillomavirus (HPV) status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Clinical records and specimens of 226 patients with follow‐up from 1 to 235 months postdiagnosis were retrieved. Tumor HPV status was determined by HPV E6‐targeted multiplex real‐time PCR/p16 semiquantitative immunohistochemistry and cyclin D1 and pRb expression by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry. Determinants of recurrence and mortality hazards were modeled using Cox regression with censoring at dates of last follow‐up. The HPV‐positivity rate was 37% (91% type 16). HPV was a predictor of recurrence, an event (recurrence or death) and death after adjustment for clinicopathological variables. There were inverse relationships between HPV status and cyclin D1 and pRb. On univariate analysis, cyclin D1 predicted locoregional recurrence, event and death and pRb predicted event and death. Within the HPV‐positive group, after adjusting for clinicopathological factors, patients with cyclin D1‐positive cancers had up to a eightfold increased risk of poor outcome relative to those with cyclin D1‐negative tumors. However, within the HPV‐negative group, there was only a very small adjusted increased risk. A combination of pRb and HPV did not provide additional prognostic information. Our data provide the first evidence that a combination of HPV and cyclin D1 provides more prognostic information in oropharyngeal cancer than HPV alone. If findings are confirmed, treatment based on HPV and cyclin D1 may improve outcomes.

Ho-Pham, LT, Campbell, LV & Nguyen, TV 2011, 'More on Body Fat Cutoff Points', Mayo Clinic Proceedings, vol. 86, no. 6, pp. 584-584.
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Ho-Pham, LT, T Nguyen, UD, Pham, HN, Nguyen, ND & Nguyen, TV 2011, 'Reference Ranges for Bone Mineral Density and Prevalence of Osteoporosis in Vietnamese Men and Women', BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 12, no. 1.
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Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different reference ranges in bone mineral density on the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 357 men and 870 women aged between 18 and 89 years, who were randomly sampled from various districts within Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. BMD at the femoral neck, lumbar spine and whole body was measured by DXA (Hologic QDR4500). Polynomial regression models and bootstraps method were used to determine peak BMD and standard deviation (SD). Based on the two parameters, we computed Tscores (denoted by TVN) for each individual in the study. A similar diagnosis was also done based on T-scores provided by the densitometer (TDXA), which is based on the US White population (NHANES III). We then compared the concordance between TVN and TDXA in the classification of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was defined according to the World Health Organization criteria. Results: In post-menopausal women, the prevalence of osteoporosis based on femoral neck TVN was 29%, but when the diagnosis was based on TDXA, the prevalence was 44%. In men aged 50+ years, the TVN-based prevalence of osteoporosis was 10%, which was lower than TDXA-based prevalence (30%). Among 177 women who were diagnosed with osteoporosis by TDXA, 35% were actually osteopenia by TVN. The kappa-statistic was 0.54 for women and 0.41 for men. Conclusion: These data suggest that the T-scores provided by the Hologic QDR4500 over-diagnosed osteoporosis in Vietnamese men and women. This over-diagnosis could lead to over-treatment and influence the decision of recruitment of participants in clinical trials.

Hossain, MJ, Hoque, MA & Islam, KK 2011, 'Simplified Fuzzy Control for Flux-Weakening Speed Control of IPMSM Drive', Advances in Fuzzy Systems, vol. 2011, pp. 1-9.
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This paper presents a simplified fuzzy logic-based speed control scheme of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) above the base speed using a flux-weakening method. In this work, nonlinear expressions ofd-axis andq-axis currents of the IPMSM have been derived and subsequently incorporated in the control algorithm for the practical purpose in order to implement fuzzy-based flux-weakening strategy to operate the motor above the base speed. The fundamentals of fuzzy logic algorithms as related to motor control applications are also illustrated. A simplified fuzzy speed controller (FLC) for the IPMSM drive has been designed and incorporated in the drive system to maintain high performance standards. The efficacy of the proposed simplified FLC-based IPMSM drive is verified by simulation at various dynamic operating conditions. The simplified FLC is found to be robust and efficient. Laboratory test results of proportional integral (PI) controller-based IPMSM drive have been compared with the simulated results of fuzzy controller-based flux-weakening IPMSM drive system.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Ramos, RA 2011, 'Robust STATCOM control for the stabilisation of fixed-speed wind turbines during low voltages', Renewable Energy, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 2897-2905.
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Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA & Ramos, RA 2011, 'Excitation control for improving transient stability limit and voltage regulation with dynamic loads', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 4971-4976.
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This paper presents a new robust control methodology to improve the power system transient stability and voltage regulation in interconnected power systems including dynamic loads. The inclusion of dynamic load model significantly increases the nonlinearity of the system. The automatic voltage regulation (AVR) and power system stabiliser (PSS) design problems are coordinated for the augmentation of stability. The nonlinear behaviour of power systems has been represented in this paper by an uncertain term, derived from the Cauchy remainder of the Taylor series expansion. An IEEE benchmark test system has been used to demonstrate the performance of the designed controller. Large disturbance simulations demonstrate that the proposed controller enhances voltage stability as well as transient stability of a power system during severe transients. © 2011 IFAC.

Hossein Alavi, A & Hossein Gandomi, A 2011, 'A robust data mining approach for formulation of geotechnical engineering systems', Engineering Computations, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 242-274.
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PurposeThe complexity of analysis of geotechnical behavior is due to multivariable dependencies of soil and rock responses. In order to cope with this complex behavior, traditional forms of engineering design solutions are reasonably simplified. Incorporating simplifying assumptions into the development of the traditional models may lead to very large errors. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate capabilities of promising variants of genetic programming (GP), namely linear genetic programming (LGP), gene expression programming (GEP), and multi‐expression programming (MEP) by applying them to the formulation of several complex geotechnical engineering problems.Design/methodology/approachLGP, GEP, and MEP are new variants of GP that make a clear distinction between the genotype and the phenotype of an individual. Compared with the traditional GP, the LGP, GEP, and MEP techniques are more compatible with computer architectures. This results in a significant speedup in their execution. These methods have a great ability to directly capture the knowledge contained in the experimental data without making assumptions about the underlying rules governing the system. This is one of their major advantages over most of the traditional constitutive modeling methods.FindingsIn order to demonstrate the simulation capabilities of LGP, GEP, and MEP, they were applied to the prediction of: relative crest settlement of concrete‐faced rockfill dams; slope stability; settlement around tunnels; and soil liquefaction. The results are compared with those obtained by other models presented in the literature and found to be more accurate. LGP has the best overall behavior for the analysis of the considered proble...

Hrimech, H, Alem, L & Merienne, F 2011, 'How 3D Interaction Metaphors Affect User Experience in Collaborative Virtual Environment', Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 2011, pp. 1-11.
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In this paper we presents the results of our experimental study which aims to understand the impact of three interaction 3D metaphors (ray casting, GoGo, and virtual hand) on the user experience in a semi-immersive collaborative virtual environment (the Braccetto System). For each session, participants are grouped in twos to reconstruct a puzzle by an assemblage of cubes. The puzzle to reconstruct corresponds to a gradient of colors. We found that there is a significant difference in the user experience by changing the interaction metaphor on the copresence, awareness, involvement, collaborative effort, satisfaction usability, and preference. These findings provide a basis for designing 3D navigation techniques in a CVE.

HU, H 2011, 'Dynamic Modeling and Its Sliding Controller of MR Shock Absorber under Impact Load', Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 47, no. 13, pp. 84-84.
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An MR shock absorber under impact load is investigated. A single-rod long-stroke impact absorber is developed. Based on Bingham model and its structure of MR damper under impact load, a dynamic model of MR damper under impact load is derived, which is composed of annular damping hole's friction damping force, coulomb damping force, inertia damping force, throttle damping force, structure additional damper force and other friction forces. By applying the least square algorithm, important parameters in the dynamic model are identified. Experimental results confirm the accuracy of the derived and fitted dynamic model. According to its strong nonlinearity, wide frequency range and high peak-value of acceleration characteristics of impact load, an output target tracer using sliding control strategy is designed and simulated on the basis of constructing hardware-in-the-loop platform. The control effects of three control strategies, namely, On-Off strategy, PID strategy and sliding mode control strategy, are compared and analyzed. The results show that the vibration peak value of MR impact absorber under sliding mode control strategy is reduced by 27.33%, and its piston stroke is reduced by 48.75%, thus being the most ideal control effect. ©2011 Journal of Mechanical Engineering.

Hu, S, Liu, S, Zheng, Z, Yuan, X, Li, L, Lu, M, Shen, R, Duan, F, Zhang, X, Li, J, Liu, X, Song, Y, Wang, W, Zhao, S, He, Z, Zhang, H, Yang, K, Feng, W & Wang, X 2011, 'Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Combined With Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Delivered Through a Graft Vessel for Patients With Previous Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Heart Failure', Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 57, no. 24, pp. 2409-2415.
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Hu, Y, Wu, C, Lukaszewicz, M, Dragos, J, Ren, J & Haskett, M 2011, 'Characteristics of Confined Blast Loading in Unvented Structures', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 21-43.
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Confined blast loading occurs in many scenarios and the effects of confined blast loading may result in more serious damage to buildings due to multiple shock reflections (Shi et al. 2009). However, spherical charges are assumed for all confined explosive-effects computations in modern standards for blast-resistant design such as UFC-3-340-02 (2008) and the soon-to-be published ASCE Standard for the Blast Protection of Buildings (ASCE forthcoming) without consideration of effects of charge shape on the distribution of reflected overpressure and impulse. As confinement is an aggravation factor of explosion effects, analysis and design of infrastructure under critical scenarios of confined blast loading should take the aggravation factor into consideration. This paper is to develop a numerical model for prediction of blast loads inside unvented structures as a result of variation of the charge shape, charge orientation, geometries and volumes of confined chambers. A finite element program, AUTODYN (Century Dynamics, 2003), is utilized extensively to generate a model which is capable of being calibrated with the experimental results conducted by Wu et al. (2010) in external conditions and by Zyskowski et al. (2004) in a confined small box. The calibrated AUTODYN model is then used to conduct parametric studies to analyze the effects of the variation of charge shape, charge orientation, chamber geometry and chamber volume on the peak reflected overpressure and impulse on the walls of the chamber. The quasi-static overpressure for fully confined blast loading is characterized and the simulated results are used to derive the relationships between the quasi-static overpressure and scaled distance for the fully confined blast loading. Discussion is made on characteristics of fully confined blast loading inside chambers.

Huang, M, Liu, Y & Sheng, D 2011, 'Simulation of yielding and stress–stain behavior of shanghai soft clay', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 341-353.
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Huang, Y, Dong, J, Jin, L, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2011, 'Eddy-Current Loss Prediction in the Rotor Magnets of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator With Modular Winding Feeding a Rectifier Load', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 4203-4206.
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In a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) with modular winding, significant eddy current may be induced in the rotor magnets due to asynchronous rotating stator magneto-motive forces (MMFs), and a rectifier load may signify the situation further. The eddy-current loss prediction in the rotor magnets of a PMSG with modular winding feeding a rectifier load is described. An analytical method considering the stator current harmonics and stator MMF spatial harmonics and a time-stepping, coupled-circuit, 2-D finite-element method (FEM) are adopted. The predicted losses obtained from these two methods are compared and investigated.

Huang, Z, Chen, X, Yisgedu, T, Meyers, EA, Shore, SG & Zhao, J 2011, 'ChemInform Abstract: Ammonium Octahydrotriborate (NH₄B₃H₈): New Synthesis, Structure, and Hydrolytic Hydrogen Release.', ChemInform, vol. 42, no. 25.
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AbstractThe title compound is prepared by a metathesis reaction between unsolvated NaB3H8 and NH4Cl in liquid ammonia at ‐78 °C (30 min, 95% yield).

Huang, Z, Chen, X, Yisgedu, T, Meyers, EA, Shore, SG & Zhao, J-C 2011, 'Ammonium Octahydrotriborate (NH₄B₃H₈): New Synthesis, Structure, and Hydrolytic Hydrogen Release', Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 3738-3742.
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Huang, Z, Chen, X, Yisgedu, T, Zhao, J-C & Shore, SG 2011, 'High-capacity hydrogen release through hydrolysis of NaB3H8', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 7038-7042.
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Husnawan, M, Masjuki, HH & Mahlia, TMI 2011, 'The interest of combining two additives with palm olein as selected lubricant components', Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 203-209.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the effect of palm olein, amine phosphate and 4‐nonyl phenoxy acetic acid (NPAA) added to a commercial lubricant in terms of tribological properties such as wear and coefficient of friction.Design/methodology/approachA tribological study on the lubrication performance of a lubricant‐based palm oil (PO) containing anti‐wear and antioxidant combined corrosion inhibitor additive was carried out using a universal sliding wear machine. In this experiment, amine phosphate and NPAA were selected as additive to be mixed with PO (palm olein) in several concentrations and commercial lubricant 20W‐50 for the tests. Various PO blended samples with additional 1 and 3 percent additive were used in this study. The experiments were performed under 252 rpm sliding speed for 2 h where the oil temperature reached 100°C.FindingsThe analysis showed that the average wear coefficient and the mean wear scar diameter (MWSD) which is normalized to the 1.4 KPa water pressure generates lower values for the PO containing additives than 100 percent PO, commercial lubricant and their blended. The coefficients of friction and wear were also lower for the samples with additives compared to other. To consolidate the result, viscosity of used samples is checked and shows the additives improved the viscosity stability. Finally, the overall study concluded that PO‐added additives have the potential to be one of the ingredients in effective lubricant oil.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is limited to findings based on a Universal Sliding Machine Test under certain conditions. The tes...

Hussain, O, Dillon, T, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2011, 'Probabilistic assessment of financial risk in e-business associations', SIMULATION MODELLING PRACTICE AND THEORY, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 704-717.
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Business activities are a result of carefully formed associations between different users in order to achieve certain pre-decided outcomes. Decision-making in such associations is an important step and transactional risk analysis is one of the integral processes that facilitates this step. This paper presents an approach that determines the negative consequences (termed as financial risk) of forming e-business associations. Unlike other approaches, our model captures the different types of events and their uncertainties to determine the financial risk by using the convolution operator and expressing it as a probabilistic measure rather than as a crisp financial value. Such representation makes sense as the financial risk may be determined at a point of time in future where nothing is certain. Depending upon the complexity of the problem, we explain the different ways of using the convolution operator to determine the financial risk. The simulation result shows a better representation and understanding of the financial risk that will provide important inputs to the transactional risk analysis and the decision-making process.

Hussain, W, Sohaib, O & Ali, A 2011, 'Improving Web Page Readability by Plain Language', IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 8, Issue 3, No. 1, May 2011, 315-319, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 315-319.
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In today's world anybody who wants to access any information the first choiceis to use the web because it is the only source to provide easy and instantaccess to information. However web readers face many hurdles from web whichincludes load of web pages, text size, finding related information, spellingand grammar etc. However understanding of web pages written in English languagecreates great problems for non native readers who have basic knowledge ofEnglish. In this paper, we propose a plain language for a local language (Urdu)using English alphabets for web pages in Pakistan. For this purpose wedeveloped two websites, one with a normal English fonts and other in a locallanguage text scheme using English alphabets. We also conducted a questionnairefrom 40 different users with a different level of English language fluency inPakistan to gain the evidence of the practicality of our approach. The resultshows that the proposed plain language text scheme using English alphabetsimproved the reading comprehension for non native English speakers in Pakistan.

Hussain, W, Sohaib, O, Ahmed, A & Qasim Khan, M 2011, 'Web readability factors affecting users of all ages', Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 972-977.
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With the increase in the growth of internet since 1990 WorldWide Web have gained a worldwide popularity.Web has become an ultimate source of information throughout the world. The web has been a source of information, knowledge, entertainment and carrying out different tasks such as online shopping, reservation etc. Every one finds ways to the web due to easiness of access and the bulk of information that has been available so ways to make web more attractive and easy to interact with has been an issue under discussion since its inception. In this paper we have focused how to make a webpage more usable for different age group in terms of readability. We have focused on eight eternal readability factors i.e. color contrast, white space, line spacing, font style, font size, text width, headings, graphics and animation. These eight factors are compared that how different age group people behave with the web applications by varying these eight factors. Based on literature review we have proposed an idea that how to make web more readable for people of different age groups e.g. children, teenagers and old /senior users.

Iacopi, F, Choi, JH, Terashima, K, Rice, PM & Dubois, G 2011, 'Cryogenic plasmas for controlled processing of nanoporous materials', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 3634-3634.
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Indiveri, G, Linares-Barranco, B, Hamilton, TJ, Schaik, AV, Etienne-Cummings, R, Delbruck, T, Liu, S-C, Dudek, P, Häfliger, P, Renaud, S, Schemmel, J, Cauwenberghs, G, Arthur, J, Hynna, K, Folowosele, F, Saighi, S, Serrano-Gotarredona, T, Wijekoon, J, Wang, Y & Boahen, K 2011, 'Neuromorphic Silicon Neuron Circuits', Frontiers in Neuroscience, vol. 5.
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Indraratna, B, Ngo, NT & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2011, 'Behavior of geogrid-reinforced ballast under various levels of fouling', Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 313-322.
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This paper presents a study of how the interface between ballast and geogrid copes with fouling by coal fines. The stress-displacement behavior of fresh and fouled ballast, and geogrid reinforced ballast was investigated through a series of large-scale direct shear tests where the levels of fouling ranged from 0% to 95% Void Contamination Index (VCI), at relatively low normal stresses varying from 15 kPa to 75 kPa. The results indicated that geogrid increases the shear strength and apparent angle of shearing resistance, while only slightly reducing the vertical displacement of the composite geogrid-ballast system. However, when ballast was fouled by coal fines, the benefits of geogrid reinforcement decreased in proportion to the increasing level of fouling. A conceptual normalized shear strength model was proposed to predict this decrease in peak shear stress and peak angle of shearing resistance caused by coal fines at a given normal stress. © 2011.

Indraratna, B, Nguyen, VT & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2011, 'Assessing the Potential of Internal Erosion and Suffusion of Granular Soils', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 137, no. 5, pp. 550-554.
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Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Ameratunga, J & Boyle, P 2011, 'Performance and Prediction of Vacuum Combined Surcharge Consolidation at Port of Brisbane', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 137, no. 11, pp. 1009-1018.
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Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Geng, X-Y, McIntosh, G & Kelly, R 2011, 'Soft Soils Improved by Prefabricated Vertical Drains: Performance and Prediction', Soils and Rocks, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 379-388.
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The use of prefabricated vertical drains with vacuum preloading and surcharge preloading is now common practice and is proving to be one of the most effective ground improvement techniques known. The factors affecting its performance, such as the smear zone, the drain influence zone, and drain unsaturation, are discussed in this paper. In order to evaluate these effects a large scale consolidation test was conducted and it was found that the proposed Cavity Expansion Moreover, the procedure for converting an equivalent 2-D plane strain multi-drain analysis that considers the smear zone and vacuum pressure are also described. The conversion procedure was incorporated into finite element codes using a modified Cam-clay theory. Numerical analysis was conducted to predict excess pore pressure and lateral and vertical displacement. Three case histories are analyzed and discussed, including the sites of Muar clay (Malaysia), the Second Bangkok International Airport (Thailand), and the Sandgate railway line (Australia). The predictions were then compared with the available field data, which include settlement, excess pore pressure, and lateral displacement. Further findings verified that smear, drain unsaturation, and vacuum distribution can significantly influence consolidation so they must be modeled appropriately in any numerical analysis to obtain reliable predictions.

Indraratna, B, Su, L-J & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2011, 'A new parameter for classification and evaluation of railway ballast fouling', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 322-326.
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The physical condition of railway ballast should be regularly inspected and accordingly, ballast cleaning should be carried out to maintain the safe operation of a track. This paper reviews current methods commonly used for evaluating the degree of ballast fouling, and due to their limitations, a new parameter — “relative ballast fouling ratio”— is proposed. Categories of fouling based on the proposed method are derived from the particle gradation curves taken from past literature. Comparisons between these methods demonstrate that the newly proposed relative ballast fouling ratio would best represent the influence of the type and gradation of fouling material.

Ip, KH, Stuart, B, Ray, A & Thomas, P 2011, 'ESEM-EDS Investigation of the Weathering of a Heritage Sydney Sandstone', Microscopy and Microanalysis, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 292-295.
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AbstractThe degradation of Sydney sandstone used to build the heritage St Mary's Cathedral in Sydney, Australia, has been investigated using environmental scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. This technique provided the structural details of the cementing clay and an elemental characterization the sandstone. The observed differences in the elemental composition of the unweathered and weathered sandstones were associated with changes to the clay microstructure upon weathering. The results support the substitution theory that Fe3+ replaces Al3+ in the kaolinite clay component upon weathering. An examination of the impurities present prior to a nonstructural iron removal treatment revealed the presence of minerals that may provide a source of the elements responsible for the substitution process.

Ip, KH, Stuart, BH, Thomas, PS & Ray, A 2011, 'Characterisation of poly(vinyl alcohol)-montmorillonite composites with higher clay contents', POLYMER TESTING, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 732-736.
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Polymer composites comprised of poly(vinyl alcohol) and montmorillonite with higher clay loadings have been prepared and characterised. The extent of intercalation in the composites was examined over a range of compositions using scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. The incorporation of an acidification step followed by washing the clay results in a homogenous polymer-clay film. The source of montmorillonite was found to have an effect on the morphology of the clay in the resulting composite. Montmorillonite was obtained from two sources and different clay structures within the polymer clay composites were identified in each case, indicating that the choice of clay is an important consideration when producing poly(vinyl alcohol) montmorillonite composites with higher clay content.

Iqbal, MA, Dai, B, Huang, B, Hassan, A & Yu, S 2011, 'Survey of network coding-aware routing protocols in wireless networks', Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1956-1970.
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Jadda, M, Shafri, HZM & Mansor, SB 2011, 'PFR model and GiT for landslide susceptibility mapping: a case study from Central Alborz, Iran', Natural Hazards.

Jain, R, Ji, Z, Upadhyay, S & Watrous, J 2011, 'QIP = PSPACE', Journal of the ACM, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 1-27.
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This work considers the quantum interactive proof system model of computation, which is the (classical) interactive proof system model’s natural quantum computational analogue. An exact characterization of the expressive power of quantum interactive proof systems is obtained: the collection of computational problems having quantum interactive proof systems consists precisely of those problems solvable by deterministic Turing machines that use at most a polynomial amount of space (or, more succinctly, QIP = PSPACE). This characterization is proved through the use of a parallelized form of the matrix multiplicative weights update method, applied to a class of semidefinite programs that captures the computational power of quantum interactive proof systems. One striking implication of this characterization is that quantum computing provides no increase in computational power whatsoever over classical computing in the context of interactive proof systems, for it is well known that the collection of computational problems having classical interactive proof systems coincides with those problems solvable by polynomial-space computations.

Jamdagni, A, Tan, T, Nanda, P, He, S & Liu, R 2011, 'Mahalanobis Distance Map Approach for Anomaly Detection of Web-Based Attacks', Journal of Network Forensics, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 25-39.
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Web serverss and web-based applications are commonly used attack targets. The main issue are how to prevent unauthorized access and to protect web server from the attack. Intrusion Detection Systems and networks. This paper focuses on the detection of various web-based attacks using Geometrical Structure Anomaly Detectin (GSAD) model. Further, a novel algorithm is proposed using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) for the selection of most discriminating features to reduce the computational complexity of payload-based GSAD model. GSAD model is based on a pattern recognition technique used in image payload features to calculate the difference between normal and abnormal network traffice. GSAD model is evaluated experimentally on the real attacks (GATECH) dataset and on the DARPA 1999 dataset.

Jannot, G, Bajan, S, Giguère, NJ, Bouasker, S, Banville, IH, Piquet, S, Hutvagner, G & Simard, MJ 2011, 'The ribosomal protein RACK1 is required for microRNA function in both C. elegans and humans', EMBO reports, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 581-586.
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Despite the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in gene regulation, it is unclear how the miRNA–Argonaute complex—or miRNA‐induced silencing complex (miRISC)—can regulate the translation of their targets in such diverse ways. We demonstrate here a direct interaction between the miRISC and the ribosome by showing that a constituent of the eukaryotic 40S subunit, receptor for activated C‐kinase (RACK1), is important for miRNA‐mediated gene regulation in animals. In vivo studies demonstrate that RACK1 interacts with components of the miRISC in nematodes and mammals. In both systems, the alteration of RACK1 expression alters miRNA function and impairs the association of the miRNA complex with the translating ribosomes. Our data indicate that RACK1 can contribute to the recruitment of miRISC to the site of translation, and support a post‐initiation mode of miRNA‐mediated gene repression.

Jayawardhana, M, Zhu, X & Liyanapathirana, R 2011, 'An experimental study on distributed damage detection algorithms for structural health monitoring', Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 305, pp. 012068-012068.
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Jayed, MH, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Mahlia, TMI, Husnawan, M & Liaquat, AM 2011, 'Prospects of dedicated biodiesel engine vehicles in Malaysia and Indonesia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 220-235.
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Jegatheesan, V, Shu, L, Nghiem, LD, Shon, HK & Chang, C-Y 2011, 'Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering CESE-2010 26 September-1 October 2010, The Sebel, Cairns, Queensland, Australia Total Water Management for the Sustainability of Freshwater in the Future', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 1-3.
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Jeong, S, Nateghi, F, Nguyen, TV, Vigneswaran, S & Tu, TA 2011, 'Pretreatment for seawater desalination by flocculation: Performance of modified poly ferric silicate (PFSi-delta) and ferric chloride as flocculants', DESALINATION, vol. 283, pp. 106-110.
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Submerged microfiltration system coupled with in-line flocculation as pretreatment for seawater reverse osmosis has the potential to remove organic compounds and mitigate fouling. The effect of flocculation on the performance of microfiltration (MF) was investigated using two flocculants, namely, modified poly ferric silicate (PFSi-δ) and ferric chloride (FeCl3). The experimental results were analysed in terms of organic removal efficiency and critical flux. Both PFSi-δ and FeCl3 were found to be suitable as pretreatment because of their capacity in removing organic compounds. The results show that PFSi-δ was better than FeCl3 in terms of removing turbidity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particularly in removing hydrophilic compounds. The highest DOC removals of 68% and 57% were obtained when PFSi-δ at a dose of 1.2 mg Fe3+/L and FeCl3 at 3 mg Fe3+/L were used, respectively. It was observed that PFSi-δ (1.2 mg Fe3+/L) and FeCl3 (3 mg Fe3+/L) led to an increase of critical flux from 20 L/m2 h to 35 L/m2 h and 55 L/m2 h, respectively. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Jeong, S, Nguyen, TV & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Submerged membrane coagulation hybrid system as pretreatment to organic matter removal from seawater', Water Supply, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 352-357.
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In this study, a commonly used ferric chloride was utilised as coagulant for removing organic compounds from seawater. More than 57% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was removed at optimum dosage of 3 mg Fe+3/L. The coagulation by FeCl3 at optimum dosage could remove a majority (95%) of hydrophobic compounds. The results from Liquid Chromatography – Organic Carbon Detector showed that only &lt;0.02 mg/L of hydrophobic compounds was found after coagulation. In addition, the modified fouling index decreased considerably from 15,848 s/L2 with raw seawater to 3,025 s/L2 with seawater after coagulation. In-line coagulation coupled with submerged membrane system (ICSMS) was also trialled. It is observed that critical flux was increased from 20 L/m2·h in the conventional submerged membrane system to 55 L/m2 h in ICSMS. The ICSMS could remain the high DOC removal efficiency (more than 70%) at filtration rate of 20 L/m2 h when keeping the development of trans-membrane pressure was significant lower than that of conventional submerged membrane system.

Ji, JC & Zhang, N 2011, 'Suppression of super-harmonic resonance response using a linear vibration absorber', MECHANICS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 411-416.
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Super-harmonic resonances may appear in the forced response of a weakly nonlinear oscillator having cubic nonlinearity, when the forcing frequency is approximately equal to one-third of the linearized natural frequency. Under super-harmonic resonance conditions, the frequency-response curve of the amplitude of the free-oscillation terms may exhibit saddle-node bifurcations, jump and hysteresis phenomena. A linear vibration absorber is used to suppress the super-harmonic resonance response of a cubically nonlinear oscillator with external excitation. The absorber can be considered as a small mass-spring-damper oscillator and thus does not adversely affect the dynamic performance of the nonlinear primary oscillator. It is shown that such a vibration absorber is effective in suppressing the super-harmonic resonance response and eliminating saddle-node bifurcations and jump phenomena of the nonlinear oscillator. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the absorber in attenuating the super-harmonic resonance response. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ji, Z, Wei, Z & Zeng, B 2011, 'Complete characterization of the ground-space structure of two-body frustration-free Hamiltonians for qubits', Physical Review A, vol. 84, no. 4.
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Jiang, Y, He, X, Lin, F & Jia, W 2011, 'An Encoding and Labeling Scheme Based on Continued Fraction for Dynamic XML', Journal of Software, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 2043-2049.
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Much research about labeling schemes has been conducted to efficiently determine the ancestor-descendant relationships and the document-order between any two random XML nodes without re-labeling for updates. In this paper, we present an efficient XML encoding and labeling scheme for dynamic XML document, named Continued Fraction-based Encoding (CFE). The proposed CFE scheme labels nodes with continued fractions and has the following three important properties: (1) CFE codes can be inserted between any two consecutive CFE codes with the orders kept and without re-encoding the existing nodes; (2) CFE is orthogonal to specific labeling schemes, thus it can be applied broadly to different labeling schemes or other applications to efficiently process the updates; (3) CFE supports all structural relationships query in XPath. Two test data sets were built for evaluation. The experimental results show that CFE provides fairly reasonable XML query processing performance while completely avoiding relabeling for updates. © 2011 ACADEMY PUBLISHER.

Jiang, ZY, Wang, SJ, Wei, DB, Li, HJ, Xie, HB, Wang, XD & Zhang, XM 2011, 'Study on Surface Roughness Muring Metal Manufacturing Process', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 325, pp. 731-736.
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In the paper, a crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) model was developed based on ABAQUS to analyse the surface roughness transfer during metal manufacturing. The simulation result shows a good agreement with the experimental result in the flattening of surface asperity, and the surface roughness decreases significantly with an increase of reduction with considering friction effect. Lubrication can delay surface asperity flattening. The effect of surface roughness on produced metal defect (crack) was also studied, and the surface roughness affects the crack initiation significantly in cold strip rolling. In addition, the surface roughness variation along the metal plate width contributes to stress distribution and then inhibition of crack nucleation.

Jiang, ZY, Wei, DB, Tieu, K, Huang, JX, Zhang, AW, Shi, X & Jiao, SH 2011, 'Study on Oxidation of Stainless Steels During Hot Rolling', International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 31-42.
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The oxidation of stainless steels 304 and 304L during hot rolling is studied in this paper. Results show the oxide scale thickness decreases significantly with an increase of reduction, and the oxide scales of both 304 and 304L stainless steels were found more deformable than the steel substrate. Surface roughness shows a complicated transfer during the hot rolling process due to the complexity of oxide scale characteristics. Also, surface roughness decreases with an increase of reduction. The friction coefficient increases with reduction in all cases, and the increase is more significant in the case of the 304 stainless steel than that of 304L stainless steel.

Jianjun Liu, Esselle, KP, Hay, SG & Shunshi Zhong 2011, 'Achieving Ratio Bandwidth of 25:1 From a Printed Antenna Using a Tapered Semi-Ring Feed', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, pp. 1333-1336.
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Jin, J, Zheng, L, Guo, Y, Xu, W & Zhu, J 2011, 'Analysis and experimental validation of an HTS linear synchronous propulsion prototype with HTS magnetic suspension', Physica C: Superconductivity, vol. 471, no. 17-18, pp. 520-527.
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A high temperature superconducting (HTS) linear propulsion system composed of a single-sided HTS linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) in its middle and HTS magnetic suspension sub-systems on both sides has been developed. The HTSLSM uses an HTS bulk magnet array on the moving secondary, and the fieldtrapped characteristics of the HTS bulk using different magnetized methods have been measured and compared to identify their magnetization capability. In order to generate a large levitation force for the system, three different types of permanent magnet guideways (PMGs) have been numerically analyzed and experimentally verified to obtain an optimal PMG. Based on comprehensive experimental prototype tests, the results show that the HTS linear propulsion system can run with stable magnetic suspension having a constant air-gap length, and the thrust characteristics versus the exciting current, working frequency and the air-gap length have also been obtained. This work forms the basis for developing a practical HTS linear propulsion system by using HTS bulks both for propulsion and suspension.

Jin, J, Zheng, L, Xu, W, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2011, 'Influence of external traveling-wave magnetic field on trapped field of a high temperature superconducting bulk magnet used in a linear synchronous motor', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 11, pp. 113913-113913.
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A single-sided high temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) has been developed with a pulse magnetization system to obtain the HTS bulk magnet array with alternating magnetic poles for the motor secondary. In order to identify the trapped field characteristics of the HTS bulk magnet exposed to the external traveling-wave magnetic field generated by the primary of the HTSLSM, a measurement system has been built up and the relevant experiments have been carried out. The relationships between the trapped field attenuation of the HTS bulk magnet and the amplitude, frequency and acting direction of the external traveling-wave magnetic field are experimentally obtained to allow the HTSLSM characteristics to be practically verified.

Jin, J, Zheng, L, Xu, W, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2011, 'Thrust characteristics of a double-sided high temperature superconducting linear synchronous motor with a high temperature superconducting magnetic suspension system', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 7, pp. 073916-073916.
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An electromagnetic design of a double-sided high temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) with an HTS bulk magnet secondary is introduced in this paper. A HTS magnetic suspension system is applied to replace the sliding rail to levitate the secondary mover resulting in the HTSLSM moving without sliding friction. The thrust model of the HTSLSM is built using a magnetic circuit method and the thrust characteristics obtained from the model are compared with finite element analysis and practical testing results. The theoretical analysis on the prototype has also been verified by measurements.

Jin, JX, Zheng, LH, Guo, YG & Zhu, JG 2011, 'Performance Characteristics of an HTS Linear Synchronous Motor With HTS Bulk Magnet Secondary', IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 2469-2477.
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A single-sided high-temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) with an HTS bulk magnet array as its secondary has been developed, and a split pulse coil magnetization system is used to magnetize the secondary HTS bulks with alternating magnetic poles. The electromagnetic parameters of the HTSLSM have been calculated to verify its performance. The HTSLSM is incorporated with a developed control system based on the voltage space vector pulsewidth modulation strategy implemented by a computer-software-controlled platform. A compositive experimental testing system has also been developed to measure the thrust and normal force of the HTSLSM. The traits of the thrust and normal force have been comprehensively identi?ed experimentally, and the results from the experiments and analysis would bene?t the electromagnetic design and the control scheme development for the HTSLSM.

Johir, MAH, Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Grasmick, A 2011, 'Influence of supporting media in suspension on membrane fouling reduction in submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR)', Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 374, no. 1-2, pp. 121-128.
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In this study, the SMBR was compared in terms of membrane fouling with and without the addition of suspended medium in the membrane reactor. The effectiveness of medium in suspension in submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) was evaluated at different filtration flux. The SMBR was operated at a flux of 5-30L/m2h (corresponding hydraulic retention time of 10-1.7h) with and without suspended medium. The suspended medium used in this study was granular activated carbon (GAC; particle size 300-600mm) at air scouring (aeration) rates of 0.5-1.5m3m-2 membrane areah-1. At higher aeration rate of 1.5m3/m2 membrane areah, the effect of flux on membrane resistance was found to be negligible. The reduction of aeration rate from 1.5 to 1.0m3m-2 membrane areah-1 resulted in a sudden rise of TMP. The addition of suspended medium prevented a sudden rise of TMP (total membrane resistance reduced from 51×1011 to 20×1011m-1). The organic removal efficiency remained high irrespective of flux. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) and excitation emission matrix (EEM) analysis of SMBR effluent showed a range of organic (composed of amino acids, biopolymers, humics and fulvic acids type substances) removed by the GAC both by scouring and adsorption mechanisms. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Johir, MAH, George, J, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Grasmick, A 2011, 'Removal and recovery of nutrients by ion exchange from high rate membrane bio-reactor (MBR) effluent', Desalination, vol. 275, no. 1-3, pp. 197-202.
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In this study a membrane bioreactor (MBR) with ion-exchange as post-treatment was investigated for organic removal and nutrient recovery. The MBR was operated at a short HRT of 4h in order to mainly remove organic carbon. This was followed by an ion-exchange process to remove and later recover the nitrogen and phosphorus from the MBR effluent. The increase in membrane resistance was reduced by 90% (from 0.061 to 0.006m-1d-1) when the air scouring rate was increased from 0.5 to 1.5m3/m2membrane areah. The organic removal rate in terms of DOC was 85-90%. The bio-polymer in the molecular weight range of 24,500Da was retained by the membrane of the MBR while humic type substances and lower molecular organic matter (molecular weight of 360-60Da) were not effectively removed by the membrane. The ion-exchange process effectively removed the nutrients from the effluent of the MBR. The retention of PO43- and NO3- by the two ion-exchange columns in series was 85% and 95% respectively. Over 95-98% phosphate and nitrate recovery was obtained during regeneration of columns with 1% NaCl of 20 bed volumes. This integrated process can remove pollutants and at the same time recover nutrients and thus open a new source for nitrogen and phosphorous. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Johnston, M & Hutvagner, G 2011, 'Posttranslational modification of Argonautes and their role in small RNA-mediated gene regulation', Silence, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 5-5.
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Shortly after their discovery, repertoires of miRNA were identified, together with proteins involved in their biogenesis and action. It is now obvious that miRNA-mediated gene regulation itself is regulated at multiple levels. Identifying the regulatory mechanisms that underpin small RNA homeostasis by modulation of their biogenesis and action has become a key issue, which can be partly resolved by identifying mediators of Argonautes turnover. An emerging theme in the control of Argonaute stability and activity is through posttranslational modifications, which are the focus of this review. © 2011 Johnston and Hutvagner; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Juang, C-F & Chang, Y-C 2011, 'Evolutionary-Group-Based Particle-Swarm-Optimized Fuzzy Controller With Application to Mobile-Robot Navigation in Unknown Environments', IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 379-392.
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Juang, C-F, Chang, Y-C & Hsiao, C-M 2011, 'Evolving Gaits of a Hexapod Robot by Recurrent Neural Networks With Symbiotic Species-Based Particle Swarm Optimization', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 3110-3119.
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Kadlec, P & Gabrys, B 2011, 'Local learning‐based adaptive soft sensor for catalyst activation prediction', AIChE Journal, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 1288-1301.
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AbstractThis work presents an algorithm for the development of adaptive soft sensors. The method is based on the local learning framework, where locally valid models are built and maintained. In this framework, it is possible to model nonlinear relationship between the input and output data by the means of a combination of linear models. The method provides the possibility to perform adaptation at two levels: (i) recursive adaptation of the local models and (ii) the adaptation of the combination weights. The dataset used for evaluation of the algorithm describes a polymerization reactor where the target value is a simulated catalyst activity in the reactor. This dataset is also used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the traditional recursive partial least squares algorithm struggles to deliver accurate predictions. In contrast to this, by exploiting the two‐level adaptation scheme, the proposed algorithm delivers more accurate results. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 57, 2011

Kadlec, P, Grbić, R & Gabrys, B 2011, 'Review of adaptation mechanisms for data-driven soft sensors', Computers & Chemical Engineering, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 1-24.
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Kalam, MA & Masjuki, HH 2011, 'An experimental investigation of high performance natural gas engine with direct injection', Energy, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 3563-3571.
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Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH, Jayed, MH & Liaquat, AM 2011, 'Emission and performance characteristics of an indirect ignition diesel engine fuelled with waste cooking oil', Energy, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 397-402.
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Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH, Varman, M & Liaquat, AM 2011, 'Friction and wear characteristics of waste vegetable oil contaminated lubricants', International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 431-436.
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In this paper, a four-ball tribotester was used with standard test method IP-239 to evaluate friction and wear characteristics of normal lubricant, additive added lubricant and waste vegetable oil (WVO) contaminated lubricants. The balls used in four-ball tribotester were based on carbon-chromium steel ball bearings. The results obtained to present friction and wear characteristics are coefficient of friction (μ), wear scar diameter (WSD), flash temperature parameter (FTP), viscosity index (VI) and total acid number (TAN). Each test was conducted for five different loads from 50 kg to 90 kg with an interval of 10 kg. The lubricant was contaminated with WVO from 1% to 5%. The normal lubricant (as sample A) was used for comparison purposes. The test results showed that WVO contaminated lubricants with suitable anti-wear additive can reduce wear and friction coefficient. The objective of this investigation is to develop a new lubricant based on waste palm oil (such as WVO).

Kennard, R & Leaney, J 2011, 'Is there convergence in the field of UI generation?', JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE, vol. 84, no. 12, pp. 2079-2087.
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For many software projects, the construction of the User Interface (UI) consumes a significant proportion of their development time. Any degree of automation in this area therefore has clear benefits. But it is difficult to achieve such automation in a way that will be widely adopted by industry because of the diversity of UIs, software architectures, platforms and development environments. In a previous article, the authors identified five key characteristics any UI generator would need in order to address this diversity. We asserted that, without these characteristics, a UI generator should not expect wide industry adoption or standardisation. We supported this assertion with evidence from industry adoption studies. A further source of validation would be to see if other research teams, who were also conducting industry field trials, were independently converging on this same set of characteristics. Conversely, it would be instructive if they were found to be converging on a different set of characteristics. In this article, the authors look for such evidence of convergence by interviewing the team behind one of the research community's most significant UI generators: Naked Objects. We observe strong signs of convergence, which we believe signal the beginning of a general purpose architecture for UI generation, one that both industry and the research community could standardise upon.

Keshavarz, R, Movahhedi, M, Hakimi, A & Abdipour, A 2011, 'A Novel Broad Bandwidth and Compact Backward Coupler with High Couplinglevel', Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 25, no. 2-3, pp. 283-293.
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Kha, HH, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, TQ 2011, 'Optimal Design of FIR Triplet Halfband Filter Bank and Application in Image Coding', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 586-591.
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This correspondence proposes an efficient semidefinite programming (SDP) method for the design of a class of linear phase finite impulse response triplet halfband filter banks whose filters have optimal frequency selectivity for a prescribed regularity o

Khalilpour, R & Abbas, A 2011, 'HEN optimization for efficient retrofitting of coal-fired power plants with post-combustion carbon capture', International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 189-199.
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Khalilpour, R & Karimi, IA 2011, 'Investment portfolios under uncertainty for utilizing natural gas resources.', Comput. Chem. Eng., vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 1827-1837.
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Khalilpour, R & Karimi, IA 2011, 'Selection of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Contracts for Minimizing Procurement Cost', Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 50, no. 17, pp. 10298-10312.
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Khan, I, François, R & Castel, A 2011, 'Mechanical Behavior of Long-Term Corroded Reinforced Concrete Beam', MODELLING OF CORRODING CONCRETE STRUCTURES, vol. 5, pp. 243-258.
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Khazraei, K & Deuse, J 2011, 'A strategic standpoint on maintenance taxonomy', Journal of Facilities Management, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 96-113.
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PurposeMaintenance, an essential element of facilities management and a fundamental requisite for increasing availability and sustaining stable processes, has been the focus of technical research for decades. However, there has not been a concrete and well‐structured classification of different maintenance types that is accepted globally. The need for such a widely acceptable classification is the main incentive to delve into and create a new maintenance taxonomy. This paper aims to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe paper gathers and reviews several examples of maintenance classifications and viewpoints from different geographical regions in the world. Afterwards, it integrates various maintenance‐related terms and terminologies with the authors' systematic‐thinking approach, systems thinking, based on which strategic thinking is formed. Consequently, this combination results in a globally acceptable systematic classification of maintenance.FindingsThe outcome of this scientific endeavour is a newly developed maintenance taxonomy, which is established according to the correct and clear‐cut use of the terminologies of strategy, policy and tactic, which correspondingly connote the art and science of what, the plan and guideline of how, and the style and methodology of how.Practical implicationsThis paper provides maintenance and facility stakeholders with a new maintenance taxonomy based on the available terminologies and practices taking into account the conception of strategy science. Such a classification cannot only ease the technical communication in this sector but also be accepte...

Khorshed, C, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Aryal, R & Dharmapalan, D 2011, 'Assessment of water treatment processes: detailed organic matter characterisation and membrane fouling indices at the Loddon Water Treatment Plant, Victoria, Australia', Water Supply, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 274-280.
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Recent advances in membrane technology have led to its broad application, and reverse osmosis (RO) systems now represent the fastest growing segment of the desalination market. Its performance is hindered by membrane fouling. In this study pre-treatment methods to reduce RO fouling were investigated including flocculation, adsorption and ion exchange. Detailed organic characterisations were made in terms of florescence spectroscopy excitation emission matrix (EEM), UV254 absorbance and liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection (LCOCD). The different pre-treatment methods were assessed in terms of the fouling potential. This was quantified in terms of the modified fouling index measured using a dead-end cell micro-filtration (MF) unit. The existing pre-treatment of granular activated carbon (GAC) filter led to a good organic removal. Among the pre-treatment methods tested in the laboratory, purolite ion exchange/adsorption was found to be better than FeCl3 flocculation in terms of the amount as well as the wide range of organics removal. A pre-treatment of flocculation with Poly-ferric-silicate (PFSi) as flocculent gave a higher removal of organic matter compared to other pre-treatments tested. DOC was reduced from 11.5 to 4.25 mg/L, and it removed mostly the humic type substances.

Khushaba, RN, Kodagoda, S, Lal, S & Dissanayake, G 2011, 'Driver Drowsiness Classification Using Fuzzy Wavelet-Packet-Based Feature-Extraction Algorithm', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 121-131.
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Driver drowsiness and loss of vigilance are a major cause of road accidents. Monitoring physiological signals while driving provides the possibility of detecting and warning of drowsiness and fatigue. The aim of this paper is to maximize the amount of drowsiness-related information extracted from a set of electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals during a simulation driving test. Specifically, we develop an efficient fuzzy mutual-information (MI)- based wavelet packet transform (FMIWPT) feature-extraction method for classifying the driver drowsiness state into one of predefined drowsiness levels. The proposed method estimates the required MI using a novel approach based on fuzzy memberships providing an accurate-information content-estimation measure. The quality of the extracted features was assessed on datasets collected from 31 drivers on a simulation test. The experimental results proved the significance of FMIWPT in extracting features that highly correlate with the different drowsiness levels achieving a classification accuracy of 95%-97% on an average across all subjects. © 2011 IEEE.

Kiani, GI, Olsson, LG, Karlsson, A, Esselle, KP & Nilsson, M 2011, 'Cross-Dipole Bandpass Frequency Selective Surface for Energy-Saving Glass Used in Buildings', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 520-525.
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Kieferova, M & Nagaj, D 2011, 'Quantum Walks on Necklaces and Mixing', Issue, vol. 2, p. 1250025.
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We analyze continuous-time quantum walks on necklace graphs - cyclical graphsconsisting of many copies of a smaller graph (pearl). Using a Bloch-type ansatzfor the eigenfunctions, we block-diagonalize the Hamiltonian, reducing theeffective size of the problem to the size of a single pearl. We then present ageneral approach for showing that the mixing time scales (with growing size ofthe necklace) similarly to that of a simple walk on a cycle. Finally, wepresent results for mixing on several necklace graphs.

Kim, DH, Shon, HK, Sharma, G & Cho, J 2011, 'Charge effect of natural organic matter for ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes', JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 109-113.
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Natural organic matter (NOM) is one of the major membrane foulant during the ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) processes of water and wastewater treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of membrane and NOM charge on NOM removal efficiency and membrane fouling. Fractions of NOM including colloidal organic matter (COM), hydrophobic NOM (HP-NOM) and transphillic NOM (TL-NOM) were isolated from Nakdong river in Korea and filtered through UF and NF membranes under various pH conditions to control membrane and NOM charge using the bench-scale cross-flow filtration unit. Each NOM fraction has a different size and functionality. Each UF and NF charge affected NOM removal and membrane fouling. Membrane charge of UF affected both membrane fouling and NOM removal of charged NOM and non-charged NOM. However, membrane charge of NF affected both membrane fouling and NOM removal efficiency of charged NOM while it was not influenced by that of non-charged NOM.

Kim, J-H, Cho, DL, Kim, G-J, Gao, B & Shon, HK 2011, 'Titania Nanomaterials Produced from Ti-Salt Flocculated Sludge in Water Treatment', Catalysis Surveys from Asia, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 117-126.
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Titania is the most widely used metal oxide for the applications of pigments, paper, solar cells and environmental purification. In order to meet the demand of a large amount of titania, our group has developed a novel process which could significantly lower the cost of waste disposal in water treatment, protect the environment and public health and yield economically valuable titania. Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) or titanium sulfate (Ti(SO4)2) as an alternative coagulant in water treatment has been explored for the removal of various pollutants from contaminated water or wastewater. Flocculation efficiencies of the Ti-salts were superior to those of Al- and Fe- salts with additional benefits in that a large amount of titania can be produced by calcinating the flocculated floc. The produced titania showed high photocatalytic activity for the removal of volatile organic compounds. The large amount of titania can be applied to pigments, environment and construction materials which require a lot of titania usages. This review paper presents an historical progress from fundamental to application in terms of the detailed production process, characterization, photoactivity of titania produced from Ti-salt flocculated sludge, and its various applications.

Kim, J-H, Okour, Y, Yang, HS, Kim, JB & Shon, HK 2011, 'Preparation and Characterisation of TiO2 Nanoparticle and Titanate Nanotube Obtained from Ti-Salt Flocculated Sludge with Drinking Water and Seawater', JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1640-1643.
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This study aimed to prepare and characterise titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanopartictes and lilanate nanolubes produced from Ti-sat flocculated sludge with drinking water (DW) and seawater (SW). The Ti-salt flocculated sludge from DW and SW was incinerated at 600 °C to produce TiO2 nanoparticles. XRD results showed that the anatase TiO2 structure was predominant for TiO2 from DW (TiO2-DW) and TiO2 from SW (TiO2-SW), which were mainly doped with carbon atoms. Titanate nanotubes (tiNT) were obtained when TiO2-DW and TiO2-SW were hydrothermally treated wilh NaOH solution. Structure phase, shape, crystalisation and photocatalylic activity of tiNT were affected by the incineration temperature and the amount of sodium present in different tiNT. The tiNT doped with thiourea incinerated at 600 °C presented anatase phase, showing a high increase of the degree of crystallisation with nanotube-like structures. The photocatalylic activity of these photocatalysts was evaluated using photooxldation of gaseous acetaldehyde. Thiourea doped tiNT-DW and tiNT-SW showed similar photocatalytic activity compared to commercially available TiO2-P25 under UV light and indicated a photocatalytic activity under visible light.

Kiss, A, Hai, FI & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Roadside rest area wastewater treatment system: Performance evaluation and improvement', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 389-396.
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Krebs, M, Goßmann, D, Erohin, O, Bertsch, S, Deuse, J & Nyhuis, P 2011, 'Standardisierung im wandlungsfähigen Produktionssystem', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 106, no. 12, pp. 912-917.
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Kurzfassung Eine hohe Wandlungsfähigkeit wird für Produktionsunternehmen vor dem Hintergrund eines dynamischen Umfelds unabdingbar. Deren zunehmende Vernetzung führt dazu, dass die Standardisierung eine essentielle Voraussetzung ist, um sich an veränderte Rahmenbedingungen anzupassen. Andererseits engen Standards den Handlungsspielraum vielfach ein. Vor diesem Hintergrund zeigt der nachfolgende Artikel, in welcher Form Standards wandlungsförderlich oder wandlungshemmend wirken.

Kreit, A, Al-Mahmoud, F, Castel, A & François, R 2011, 'Repairing corroded RC beam with near-surface mounted CFRP rods', Materials and Structures, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 1205-1217.
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Kus, B, Kandasamy, J, Vigneswaran, S, Shon, HK & Areerachakul, N 2011, 'Water quality of membrane filtered rainwater', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 208-213.
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Although most Australians receive their domestic supply from reticulated mains or town water, there are vast areas with very low population densities and few reticulated supplies. In many of these areas rainwater collected in tanks is the primary source of drinking water. Heavy metals are a concern as their concentration in rainwater tanks was found to exceed recommended levels suitable for human consumption. This paper reports on experimental investigations where rainwater collected from a typical domestic roof in Sydney, Australia was treated in two stages of filtration including granular activated carbon (GAC) as a pre-treatment adsorption filter media and a metallic membrane from Steri-flow Filtration Systems Pty. Ltd. The quality of the treated rainwater was compared against the drinking water standards to determine its suitability as a supplement for potable water supply. The pollutants analysed were heavy metals, total coliform and faecal coliforms, total organic carbon, total suspended solids and turbidity. The results indicate that before treatment, the rainwater already complied with many of the parameters specified in drinking water standards. The metallic membrane performed well in removing suspended particles and heavy metals from the rainwater. The performance of the metallic membrane is greatly improved by the use of pre-treatment such as GAC which was used in this experiment.

Kwok, NM, Jia, X, Wang, D, Chen, SY, Fang, G & Ha, QP 2011, 'Visual impact enhancement via image histogram smoothing and continuous intensity relocation', COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 681-694.
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Image contrast enhancement is a fundamental pre-processing stage in applications requiring image processing operations. Among revenues of available approaches, histogram equalization is a popular and attractive candidate method to produce resultant images of increased contrast. However, images obtained from canonical histogram equalization frequently suffer from the accompanying artefacts and give rises to uncomfortable viewing particularly in homogeneous regions. In this work, the problem is tackled using the histogram matching concept where the intensity histogram of the input image is matched to its smoothed version for contrast enhancement. Furthermore, homogeneous pixel intensities are randomly perturbed in order to reduce undesirable artefacts. The resultant image intensities are thus distributed over the available range and an increased image contrast is derived. Satisfactory results are obtained from a collection of benchmark images captured under different conditions to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Lee, HJ, Hinshelwood, RA, Bouras, T, Gallego-Ortega, D, Valdés-Mora, F, Blazek, K, Visvader, JE, Clark, SJ & Ormandy, CJ 2011, 'Lineage Specific Methylation of the Elf5 Promoter in Mammary Epithelial Cells', Stem Cells, vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 1611-1619.
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Abstract Recent characterization of mammary stem and progenitor cells has improved our understanding of the transcriptional network that coordinates mammary development; however, little is known about the mechanisms that enforce lineage commitment and prevent transdifferentiation in the mammary gland. The E-twenty six transcription factor Elf5 forces the differentiation of mammary luminal progenitor cells to establish the milk producing alveolar lineage. Methylation of the Elf5 promoter has been proposed to act as a lineage gatekeeper during embryonic development. We used bisulphite sequencing to investigate in detail whether Elf5 promoter methylation plays a role in lineage commitment during mammary development. An increase in Elf5 expression was associated with decreasing Elf5 promoter methylation in differentiating HC11 mammary cells. Similarly, purified mammary epithelial cells from mice had increased Elf5 expression and decreased promoter methylation during pregnancy. Finally, analysis of epithelial subpopulations revealed that the Elf5 promoter is methylated and silenced in the basal, stem cell-containing population relative to luminal cells. These results demonstrate that Elf5 promoter methylation is lineage-specific and developmentally regulated in the mammary gland in vivo, and suggest that loss of Elf5 methylation specifies the mammary luminal lineage, while continued Elf5 methylation maintains the stem cell and myoepithelial lineages.

Lee, JE-Y & Seshia, AA 2011, 'Direct parameter extraction in feedthrough-embedded capacitive MEMS resonators', Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 167, no. 2, pp. 237-244.
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Lee, JE-Y, Yan, J & Seshia, AA 2011, 'Study of lateral mode SOI-MEMS resonators for reduced anchor loss', Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 045010-045010.
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Lee, JH, Zhou, JL & Kim, SD 2011, 'Effects of biodegradation and sorption by humic acid on the estrogenicity of 17β-estradiol', Chemosphere, vol. 85, no. 8, pp. 1383-1389.
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The removal of 17β-estradiol (E2) by biodegradation and sorption onto humic acid (HA) was examined at various HA concentrations. Subsequently, estrogenicity associated with E2 removal was estimated using E-screen bioassay. Results showed that E2 biodegradation and its subsequent transformation to estrone (E1) were significantly reduced with increasing HA concentration. In addition, the presence of nutrients enhanced the biodegradation of E2. Overall, E2 biodegradation was the dominating contributor to its removal, which demonstrated a significantly negative correlation with E2 sorption at various HA concentrations. The sorption of E2 by HA was significantly enhanced with increasing HA concentration. Estrogenicity associated with residual E2 showed that there existed a significant difference among various HA concentrations, with the lowest value in the absence of HA. The findings suggest that the presence of HA and nutrients in natural waters should be considered in assessing estrogenicity of environmental samples due to complex sorption and biodegradation processes. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Lee, S, Kim, K, Shon, HK, Kim, SD & Cho, J 2011, 'Biotoxicity of nanoparticles: effect of natural organic matter', JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 3051-3061.
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Various natural organic matters (NOM) with different characteristics in aquatic environment may affect toxicity of leased nanoparticles, owing to interactions between NOM and nanoparticles. This study investigated the effect of NOM and physical characteristics of the effluent organic matter (EfOM) on the ecotoxicity of quantum dots (QD) using Daphnia magna. Organic matter samples were obtained from: Yeongsan River (YR-NOM), Dongbuk Lake (DL-NOM), Damyang wastewater treatment plant (EfOM), and Suwannee River NOM (SR-NOM). The QD was composed of a CdSe core, ZnS shell, and polyethylene glycol coating. The average size of the investigated QD was 4.8, 56.5, and 25.0 nm determined by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation, respectively. The relative hydrophobicity of NOM was investigated using both specific UV absorbance at 254 nm and XAD-8/4 resins. The sorption of NOM on the QD was measured using a fluorescence quenching method. The highest hydrophobicity was exhibited by the SR-NOM, while the lowest was recorded for the DL-NOM. All tested NOMs significantly reduced the acute toxicity of D. magna when adsorbed to QD, and the order of effectiveness for each NOM was as follows: SR-NOM>EfOM>YS-NOM>DL-NOM. The sorption of NOM on the QD surface caused a decrease in the fluorescence intensity of QD at increasing NOM concentration. This suggests that the NOM coating influenced the physicochemical characteristics ofQDin the internal organs of D. magna by inducing a reduced bioavailability. Results from this study revealed that NOM with relatively high hydrophobicity had a greater capability of inducing toxicity mitigation.

Leung, A, Wiltshire, J, Blencowe, A, Fu, Q, Solomon, DH & Qiao, GG 2011, 'The effect of acrylamide-co-vinylpyrrolidinone copolymer on the depression of talc in mixed nickel mineral flotation', Minerals Engineering, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 449-454.
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Leyendekkers, JV & Shannon, AG 2011, 'Why 3 and 5 are always factors of primitive Pythagorean triples', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 102-105.
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Analysis of integer structure and right-end-digits can illustrate why 3 and 5 are features of primitive Pythagorean triples. The results also utilize the triangular and pentagonal numbers.

Li, C-H, Kuo, B-C & Lin, C-T 2011, 'LDA-Based Clustering Algorithm and Its Application to an Unsupervised Feature Extraction', IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 152-163.
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Research has shown fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering to be a powerful tool to partition samples into different categories. However, the objective function of FCM is based only on the sum of distances of samples to their cluster centers, which is equal to the trace of the within-cluster scatter matrix. In this study, we propose a clustering algorithm based on both within- and between-cluster scatter matrices, extended from linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and its application to an unsupervised feature extraction (FE). Our proposed methods comprise between- and within-cluster scatter matrices modified from the between- and within-class scatter matrices of LDA. The scatter matrices of LDA are special cases of our proposed unsupervised scatter matrices. The results of experiments on both synthetic and real data show that the proposed clustering algorithm can generate similar or better clustering results than 11 popular clustering algorithms: K-means, K-medoid, FCM, the GustafsonKessel, GathGeva, possibilistic c-means (PCM), fuzzy PCM, possibilistic FCM, fuzzy compactness and separation, a fuzzy clustering algorithm based on a fuzzy treatment of finite mixtures of multivariate Students t distributions algorithms, and a fuzzy mixture of the Students t factor analyzers model. The results also show that the proposed FE outperforms principal component analysis and independent component analysis. © 2006 IEEE.

Li, F, Luo, Z & Sun, G 2011, 'Reliability-based multiobjective design optimization under interval uncertainty', CMES - Computer Modeling in Engineering and Sciences, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 39-64.
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This paper studies the reliability-based multiobjective optimization by using a new interval strategy to model uncertain parameters. A new satisfaction degree of interval, which is significantly extended from [0, 1] to [-∞, +∞], is introduced into the non-probabilistic reliability-based optimization. Based on a predefined satisfaction degree level, the uncertain constraints can be effectively transformed into deterministic ones. The interval number programming method is applied to change each uncertain objective function to a deterministic two-objective optimization. So in this way the uncertain multiobjective optimization problem is transformed into a deterministic optimization problem and a reliability-based multiobjective optimization is then established. For sophisticated engineering problems, the objectives and constraints are modeled by using the response surface (RS) approximation method to improve the optimization efficiency. Thus the reliabilitybased multiobjective optimization is combined with the RS approximation models to form an approximation optimization problem. For the multiobjective optimization, the Pareto sets can be obtained with different satisfactory degree levels. Two numerical examples and one real-world crashworthiness design for vehicle frontal structure are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2011 Tech Science Press.

Li, J & Hao, H 2011, 'A Two-Step Numerical Method for Efficient Analysis of Structural Response to Blast Load', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 103-126.
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Even with modern computer power, detailed numerical modeling and simulation of structure response to blast loads are still extremely expensive and sometimes prohibitive because it is very time consuming and requires huge computer memory. Often compromise has to be made between simulation efficiency and simulation accuracy. A lot of research efforts have been spent on improving the computational efficiency. Most of these researches concentrate on simplifying the structures, such as simplifying a structure to an equivalent SDOF system, use smeared reinforcement steel and concrete model, use substructure approach to only model part of the structure in detail. Although these approaches under certain conditions yield reliable predictions, each of them has its associated limitations. Recently a two-step method was developed to improve the computation and modeling efficiency of structure response to blast loads. Instead of simplifying the structure, the proposed method calculates the structural responses in two steps. The first step calculates the structural responses in the loading phase and the second calculates the free vibration responses with the velocity profile of the structure at the end of the loading phase as initial conditions. Using a reinforced concrete beam as the example, it was found that the proposed method yields reliable predictions of the overall beam deflection and stress in longitudinal reinforcement bars with less than 10% computational time as compared to a detailed FE model simulation. However, the predicted stress in hoop reinforcements near the beam supports is not as good. In this paper, the method is improved by also including displacement response at the end of the forced-vibration phase as the initial conditions in the free vibration analysis. The same reinforced concrete beam is used. The results show that including the displacement initial conditions in the two-step method leads to an improved prediction of the beam re...

Li, J & Hao, H 2011, 'Development of a Simplified Numerical Method for Structural Response Analysis to Blast Load', Procedia Engineering, vol. 14, pp. 2558-2566.
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The response of structural concrete elements under extremely short duration dynamic loads is of great concern nowadays. The most prevailing method to this problem is based on SDOF simplification. It is well known that the SDOF model can reliably predict the overall structural component response if the response follows predominantly a predefined damage mode such as shear or flexural mode. However, it cannot reliably predict localized failure of structures. Moreover, reliable deflection shape and damage criterion, which are critical for developing the equivalent SDOF model, are difficult to define. Therefore, although most design and analysis are still based on SDOF approach, more and more analyses are conducted with detailed Finite Element (FE) modelling. However, due to the short time duration as well as the huge loading magnitude, it is extremely difficult and time consuming to perform FE structural response analysis to blast loads, even with modern computer power. In this paper, a numerical approach, which substantially reduces the modelling and computational effort in analysing structural responses to blast load, is presented. Based on the short duration of blast load, the structural response is divided into two parts: forced vibration phase and free vibration phase. In the proposed method, the response during the forced vibration phase is approximately solved using the SDOF approach. Using the estimated response quantities at the end of the forced vibration phase as the initial conditions, a detail FE model in LS-DYNA is established and free vibration response is solved. This approach, while yielding reasonably accurate response calculations, substantially reduces the modelling and computational effort. To demonstrate the method, a reinforced concrete beam is analysed using both the conventional detailed FE modelling and the proposed approach. Comparisons of the numerical results from the two methods demonstrate the reliability of the proposed metho...

Li, J & Zhang, YX 2011, 'Evolution and calibration of a numerical model for modelling of hybrid-fibre ECC panels under high-velocity impact', Composite Structures, vol. 93, no. 11, pp. 2714-2722.
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Li, J, Dackermann, U, Xu, Y-L & Samali, B 2011, 'Damage identification in civil engineering structures utilizing PCA-compressed residual frequency response functions and neural network ensembles', STRUCTURAL CONTROL & HEALTH MONITORING, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 207-226.
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This paper presents a non-destructive, global, vibration-based damage identification method that utilizes damage pattern changes in frequency response functions (FRFs) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) to identify defects. To extract damage features and to obtain suitable input parameters for ANNs, principal component analysis (PCA) techniques are applied. Residual FRFs, which are the differences in the FRF data from the intact and the damaged structure, are compressed to a few principal components and fed to ANNs to estimate the locations and severities of structural damage. A hierarchy of neural network ensembles is created to take advantage of individual information from sensor signals. To simulate fieldtesting conditions, white Gaussian noise is added to the numerical data and a noise sensitivity study is conducted to investigate the robustness of the developed damage detection technique to noise. Both numerical and experimental results of simply supported steel beam structures have been used to demonstrate effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method.

Li, L, Xu, G, Zhang, Y & Kitsuregawa, M 2011, 'Random walk based rank aggregation to improving web search', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 943-951.
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In Web search, with the aid of related query recommendation, Web users can revise their initial queries in several serial rounds in pursuit of finding needed Web pages. In this paper, we address the Web search problem on aggregating search results of related queries to improve the retrieval quality. Given an initial query and the suggested related queries, our search system concurrently processes their search result lists from an existing search engine and then forms a single list aggregated by all the retrieved lists. We specifically propose a generic rank aggregation framework which consists of three steps. First we build a so-called Win/Loss graph of Web pages according to a competition rule, and then apply the random walk mechanism on the Win/Loss graph. Last we sort these Web pages by their ranks using a PageRank-like rank mechanism. The proposed framework considers not only the number of wins that an item won in competitions, but also the quality of its competitor items in calculating the ranking of Web page items. Experimental results show that our search system can clearly improve the retrieval quality in a parallel manner over the traditional search strategy that serially returns result lists. Moreover, we also provide empirical evidences as to demonstrate how different rank aggregation methods affect the retrieval quality.

Li, X, Hai, FI & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Simultaneous activated carbon adsorption within a membrane bioreactor for an enhanced micropollutant removal', Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5319-5324.
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Li, X, Hai, FI, Tadkaew, N, Gilbertson, S & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Strategies to enhance the removal of the persistent pharmaceutically active compound carbamazepine by membrane bioreactors', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 34, no. 1-3, pp. 402-407.
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Carbamazepine, which is an anti-epileptic drug, is ubiquitously present in municipal wastewater. Owing to its recalcitrant chemical structure, carbamazepine is not significantly removed during conventional biological treatment or even by membrane bioreactor (MBR). With the ultimate aim of providing insights into the strategies to enhance carbamazepine removal, the effect of key operational parameters, namely, loading rate (2–750 μg/L• d), pH (5–9), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration (1–15 g/L) and dissolved oxygen (DO) (<0.5–5 mg/L) on the removal of carabamazepine by MBR was systematically studied. Results obtained in this study revealed negligible influence of pH and of MLSS concentration (beyond 5 g/L) on the removal of carbamazepine. The removal rate, however, was significantly enhanced under a DO concentration of less than 0.5 mg/L, suggesting that an alternating anoxic-oxic environment in MBR would achieve high removal. Significantly enhanced (287 mg/g vs. 0.02 mg/g) adsorption of carbamazepine on powdered activated carbon (PAC) as compared to MBR sludge indicated that simultaneous PAC adsorption in MBR may achieve enhanced removal. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Li, X, Hai, FI, Tadkaew, N, Gilbertson, S & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Strategies to enhance the removal of the persistent pharmaceutically active compound carbamazepine by membrane bioreactors', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 34, no. 1-3, pp. 402-407.
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Li, Y & Stewart, MG 2011, 'Cyclone Damage Risks Caused by Enhanced Greenhouse Conditions and Economic Viability of Strengthened Residential Construction', Natural Hazards Review, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 9-18.
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Hurricanes and tropical cyclones constitute significant sources of economic loss and social disruption. Furthermore, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, enhanced greenhouse conditions may increase the intensity and/or frequency of tropical cyclones (hurricanes), which potentially will result in more wind damage. The paper develops a risk-cost-benefit framework to assess regional cyclone damage risks and economic viability of several hazard mitigation strategies to address the challenge of potential increase in wind damage due to enhanced greenhouse conditions, using residential construction in North Queensland, Australia as an example. The analysis includes a probabilistic wind model to account for cyclone intensity and frequency, and a vulnerability function to represent the potential damage for a given wind speed. Increases in mean annual maximum wind speed from 0 to 25% over 50 years are considered to represent the uncertainty in changing wind hazard patterns as a result of climate change. The effect of regional changes to building inventory, rate of retrofitting, cost of retrofit, reduction in vulnerability, and discount rate will be considered. The risk-based cost-benefit analysis can be used to help optimize the timing and extent of retrofitting existing houses to adapt to the potential impact of enhanced greenhouse conditions. © 2011 ASCE.

Li, Y, Lin, ZW, Liu, H, Wang, Y, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Yang, Q 2011, 'Three-dimensional magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite material at different frequencies', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 7, pp. 07B503-07B503.
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Due to their intrinsic isotropic magnetic properties, soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials are applied in electrical machines in which the magnetic energy can be transported in three dimensions (3-D). However, in real applications, complicated magnetic properties such as anisotropy and nonlinearity, are found, in particular, at ahigh frequency range. This paper studies the 3-D magnetic properties of SMC materials under complicated magnetizations, such as circular, elliptical, and spherical excitations. The magnetic flux density vector B loci, magnetic field strength vector H loci, and core losses at magnetization frequencies ranging from 50–1000 Hz were measured and discussed using an improved 3-D testing system. Experimental results show that rotational core losses are greater than alternating losses at the same magnitude of flux density. In addition, rotational loss increases sharply around the saturation point, but is not observed in alternating loss.

Li, Y, Zhu, J, Yang, Q, Lin, ZW, Guo, Y & Zhang, C 2011, 'Study on Rotational Hysteresis and Core Loss Under Three-Dimensional Magnetization', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 3520-3523.
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In this paper, magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials under alternating and various rotational magnetizations have been properly measured, modeled, and analyzed at typical frequencies of 5, 50, and 500 Hz. The relationship between the magnetic flux density vector B and magnetic field strength vector H has been systemically studied when the B loci are well controlled to be circles and ellipses in three orthogonal planes of the three-dimensional (3-D) tester. The core loss features against magnetic flux densities with alternating and rotational magnetizations are also compared and analyzed. It is found that the rotational core losses are nearly twice of the alternating core losses at the same magnitude of flux density. Experimental results show that SMC materials have good 3-D features, and great potential for application in rotational magnetic flux machines.

Li, Z, Wong, L & Li, J 2011, 'DBAC: A simple prediction method for protein binding hot spots based on burial levels and deeply buried atomic contacts', BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, vol. 5, no. S1, pp. 1-11.
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Background: A protein binding hot spot is a cluster of residues in the interface that are energetically important for the binding of the protein with its interaction partner. Identifying protein binding hot spots can give useful information to protein en

Liang Gong, Lin Gui, Bo Liu, Bo Rong, Yin Xu, Yiyan Wu & Wenjun Zhang 2011, 'Improve the Performance of LDPC Coded QAM by Selective Bit Mapping in Terrestrial Broadcasting System', IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 263-269.
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Liao, L-D, Wang, I-J, Chen, S-F, Chang, J-Y & Lin, C-T 2011, 'Design, Fabrication and Experimental Validation of a Novel Dry-Contact Sensor for Measuring Electroencephalography Signals without Skin Preparation', Sensors, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 5819-5834.
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In the present study, novel dry-contact sensors for measuring electro-encephalography (EEG) signals without any skin preparation are designed, fabricated by an injection molding manufacturing process and experimentally validated. Conventional wet electrodes are commonly used to measure EEG signals; they provide excellent EEG signals subject to proper skin preparation and conductive gel application. However, a series of skin preparation procedures for applying the wet electrodes is always required and usually creates trouble for users. To overcome these drawbacks, novel dry-contact EEG sensors were proposed for potential operation in the presence or absence of hair and without any skin preparation or conductive gel usage. The dry EEG sensors were designed to contact the scalp surface with 17 spring contact probes. Each probe was designed to include a probe head, plunger, spring, and barrel. The 17 probes were inserted into a flexible substrate using a one-time forming process via an established injection molding procedure. With these 17 spring contact probes, the flexible substrate allows for high geometric conformity between the sensor and the irregular scalp surface to maintain low skin-sensor interface impedance. Additionally, the flexible substrate also initiates a sensor buffer effect, eliminating pain when force is applied. The proposed dry EEG sensor was reliable in measuring EEG signals without any skin preparation or conductive gel usage, as compared with the conventional wet electrodes.

Lin, C, L. W., K, H. Y., T & T. P., J 2011, 'A Mobile Eeg Device For On-line Assessment Of Sleep Quality', Sleep and Biological Rhythms, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 222-223.

Lin, C-J, Chen, C-H & Lin, C-T 2011, 'An efficient evolutionary algorithm for fuzzy inference systems', Evolving Systems, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 83-99.
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In this paper, a novel self-constructing evolutionary algorithm (SCEA) for designing a TSK-type fuzzy model (TFM) is proposed. The proposed SCEA method is different from normal genetic algorithms (GAs). A chromosome of a population in traditional GAs represents a full solution and only one population presents all solutions in each generation. Our proposed method uses a population to evaluate a partial solution locally and applies several populations to construct a full solution. Thus, a chromosome represents only a partial solution. The proposed SCEA method uses the self-constructing learning algorithm to construct the TFM automatically that is based on the input training data to decide on the input partition. Fuzzy rules are created and begin to grow as the first training pattern arrives. Thus, the user need not give any a priori knowledge or even any initial information on the SCEA. We also adopted the sequence search-based dynamic evolution (SSDE) method to carry out parameter learning of the TFM. Simulation results have shown that the proposed SCEA method performs better than some existing methods. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

Lin, C-T & Lee, C-S 2011, 'FUZZ-IEEE 2011 [Conference Report]', IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 22-23.
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The FUZZ-IEEE is one of the premier international conferences in the field of fuzzy sets and systems. The 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZIEEE 2011) was held at the Grand Hyatt Taipei, Taiwan, from June 27 to 30, 2011. Paper submissions were reviewed by at least three reviewers, with no specific treatment given to papers submitted for special sessions. The IEEE CIS travel grants program provided travel grants to assist 10 IEEE CIS student members to attend the conference to present their papers. FUZZ-IEEE 2011 consisted of 5 workshops, 18 regular sessions, 43 special sessions, and 4 poster sessions, covering both traditional and emerging topics on the whole range of research and applications in fuzzy systems and soft computing. In additional to the excellent technical program, a series of social events were held to allow participants to better appreciate the sights and sounds of Taiwan.

Lin, C-T, Chen, S-A, Chiu, T-T, Lin, H-Z & Ko, L-W 2011, 'Spatial and temporal EEG dynamics of dual-task driving performance', Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 11-11.
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Abstract Background Driver distraction is a significant cause of traffic accidents. The aim of this study is to investigate Electroencephalography (EEG) dynamics in relation to distraction during driving. To study human cognition under a specific driving task, simulated real driving using virtual reality (VR)-based simulation and designed dual-task events are built, which include unexpected car deviations and mathematics questions. Methods We designed five cases with different stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) to investigate the distraction effects between the deviations and equations. The EEG channel signals are first converted into separated brain sources by independent component analysis (ICA). Then, event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) changes of the EEG power spectrum are used to evaluate brain dynamics in time-frequency domains. Results Power increases in the theta and beta bands are observed in relation with distraction effects in the frontal cortex. In the motor area, alpha and beta power suppressions are also observed. All of the above results are consistently observed across 15 subjects. Additionally, further analysis demonstrates that response time and multiple cortical EEG power both changed significantly with different SOA. Conclusions This study suggests that theta power increases in the frontal area is related to driver distraction and represents the strength of distraction in real-life situations.

Lin, X & Zhang, YX 2011, 'A novel one-dimensional two-node shear-flexible layered composite beam element', Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 676-682.
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Lin, ZW, Li, YJ, Zhu, JG, Wang, XL, Dou, SX, Guo, YG, Lei, G, Wang, Y, Philips, M, Cortie, M, Li, YC, Choi, K-Y & Shi, X 2011, 'Visualization of vortex motion in FeAs-based BaFe(1.9)Ni(0.1)As(2) single crystal by means of magneto-optical imaging (vol 109, 07E142, 2011)', JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 109, no. 10.
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Lin, ZW, Li, YJ, Zhu, JG, Wang, XL, Dou, SX, Guo, YG, Lei, G, Wang, Y, Philips, M, Cortie, M, Li, YC, Choi, K-Y & Shi, X 2011, 'Visualization of vortex motion in FeAs-based BaFe1.9Ni0.1As2 single crystal by means of magneto-optical imaging', JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 109, no. 7, pp. 0-0.
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Superconductivity has been found in newly discovered iron-based compounds. This paper studies the motion of magnetic vortices in BaFe1.9Ni 0.1As2 single crystal by means of the magneto-optical imaging technique. A series of magneto-optical images reflecting magnetic flux distribution at the crystal surface were taken when the crystal was zero-field cooled to 10 K. The behavior of the vortices, including penetration into and expulsion from the single crystal with increasing and decreasing external fields, respectively, is discussed. The motion behavior is similar to that observed in high-Tc superconducting cuprates with strong vortex pinning; however, the flux-front is irregular due to randomly distributed defects in the crystal. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.

Ling, SH & Lam, HK 2011, 'Playing Tic-Tac-Toe Using Genetic Neural Network with Double Transfer Functions', Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications, vol. 03, no. 01, pp. 37-44.
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Computational intelligence is a powerful tool for game development. In this paper, an algorithm of playing the game Tic-Tac-Toe with computational intelligence is developed. This algorithm is learned by a Neural Network with Double Transfer functions (NNDTF), which is trained by genetic algorithm (GA). In the NNDTF, the neuron has two transfer functions and exhibits a node-to-node relationship in the hidden layer that enhances the learning ability of the network. A Tic-Tac-Toe game is used to show that the NNDTF provide a better performance than the traditional neural network does.

LING, SH, JIANG, F, NGUYEN, HT & CHAN, KY 2011, 'HYBRID FUZZY LOGIC-BASED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION FOR FLOW SHOP SCHEDULING PROBLEM', International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, vol. 10, no. 03, pp. 335-356.
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This paper, proposes a hybrid fuzzy logic-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) with cross-mutated operation method for the minimization of makespan in permutation flow shop scheduling problem. This problem is a typical non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP) hard combinatorial optimization problem. In the proposed hybrid PSO, fuzzy inference system is applied to determine the inertia weight of PSO and the control parameter of the proposed cross-mutated operation by using human knowledge. By introducing the fuzzy system, the inertia weight becomes adaptive. The cross-mutated operation effectively forces the solution to escape the local optimum. To make PSO suitable for solving flow shop scheduling problem, a sequence-order system based on the roulette wheel mechanism is proposed to convert the continuous position values of particles to job permutations. Meanwhile, a new local search technique namely swap-based local search for scheduling problem is designed and incorporated into the hybrid PSO. Finally, a suite of flow shop benchmark functions are employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed PSO for flow shop scheduling problems. Experimental results show empirically that the proposed method outperforms the existing hybrid PSO methods significantly.

Ling, SSH & Nguyen, HT 2011, 'Genetic-Algorithm-Based Multiple Regression With Fuzzy Inference System for Detection of Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Episodes', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BIOMEDICINE, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 308-315.
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Hypoglycemia or low blood glucose is dangerous and can result in unconsciousness, seizures, and even death. It is a common and serious side effect of insulin therapy in patients with diabetes. Hypoglycemic monitor is a noninvasive monitor that measures some physiological parameters continuously to provide detection of hypoglycemic episodes in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (T1DM). Based on heart rate (HR), corrected QT interval of the ECG signal, change of HR, and the change of corrected QT interval, we develop a genetic algorithm (GA)-based multiple regression with fuzzy inference system (FIS) to classify the presence of hypoglycemic episodes. GA is used to find the optimal fuzzy rules and membership functions of FIS and the model parameters of regression method. From a clinical study of 16 children with T1DM, natural occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes is associated with HRs and corrected QT intervals. The overall data were organized into a training set (eight patients) and a testing set (another eight patients) randomly selected. The results show that the proposed algorithm performs a good sensitivity with an acceptable specificity. © 2006 IEEE.

Lister, R 2011, 'COMPUTING EDUCATION RESEARCHProgramming, syntax and cognitive load', ACM Inroads, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 21-22.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, R 2011, 'Programming, syntax and cognitive load (part 2)', ACM Inroads, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 16-17.
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Lister, R 2011, 'Ten years after the McCracken Working Group', ACM Inroads, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 18-19.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, R 2011, 'What if we approached teaching like software engineering?', ACM Inroads, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 17-18.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, RF 2011, 'Programming, Syntax and Cognitive Load (Part 2)', ACM Inroads, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 16-17.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Listowski, A, Ngo, H, Guo, W, Vigneswaran, S, Shin, H & Moon, H 2011, 'Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Urban Wastewater System: Future Assessment Framework and Methodology', Journal of Water Sustainability, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 113-125.
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Over the last two decades much scientific effort has been expended on the radiative gaseous emissions in the atmosphere. Although there are no regulatory requirements for managing gaseous emissions at present, the long term indications are, that impact relater to air pollution must embrace the broad diversity and challenges associated with urban wastewater cycle management. This study has been considered as a precursor to development of a comprehensive impact assessment of gaseous emission from urban wastewater infrastructure and treatment facilities. It has been carried out in consideration of the future climate change scientific projections, including socio-economic and environmental impacts. Major progress could be gained from systemic approaches in relation to factors influencing emission and the collected data demonstrates correlation between wastewater quality, treatment and energy used with the level of emission. An early attempt was made to attribute environmental impact and costs on per capita basis, as the weight of responsibility to take action is shifting to the community and individuals. The presented framework and methodology offers reliable evaluation of gaseous emissions is an integrated context comprising technology, environment, social and economic factors.

Listowski, A, Ngo, HH, Guo, WS & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'A novel integrated assessment methodology of urban water reuse', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 64, no. 8, pp. 1642-1651.
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Wastewater is no longer considered a waste product and water reuse needs to play a stronger part in securing urban water supply. Although treatment technologies for water reclamation have significantly improved the question that deserves further analysis is, how selection of a particular wastewater treatment technology relates to performance and sustainabiiity? The proposed assessment model integrates; (i) technology, characterised by selected quantity and quality performance parameters; (ii) productivity, efficiency and reliability criteria; (iii) quantitative performance indicators; (iv) development of evaluation model. The challenges related to hierarchy and selections of performance indicators have been resolved through the case study analysis. The goal of this study is to validate a new assessment methodology in relation to performance of the microfiltration (MF) technology, a key element of the treatment process. Specific performance data and measurements were obtained at specific Control and Data Acquisition Points (CP) to satisfy the input-output inventory in relation to water resources, products, materiai flows, energy requirements, chemicals use, etc. Performance assessment process contains analysis and necessary linking across important parametric functions leading to reliable outcomes and results.

Litzinger, T, Lattuca, LR, Hadgraft, R & Newstetter, W 2011, 'Engineering Education and the Development of Expertise', Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 123-150.
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ContributorsMichael Alley, The Pennsylvania State University; Cindy Atman, University of Washington; David DiBiasio, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Cindy Finelli, University of Michigan; Heidi Diefes‐Dux, Purdue University; Anette Kolmos, Aalborg University; Donna Riley, Smith College; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University; Maryellen Weimer, The Pennsylvania State University; Ken Yasuhara, University of WashingtonBackgroundAlthough engineering education has evolved in ways that improve the readiness of graduates to meet the challenges of the twenty‐first century, national and international organizations continue to call for change. Future changes in engineering education should be guided by research on expertise and the learning processes that support its development.PurposeThe goals of this paper are: to relate key findings from studies of the development of expertise to engineering education, to summarize instructional practices that are consistent with these findings, to provide examples of learning experiences that are consistent with these instructional practices, and finally, to identify challenges to implementing such learning experiences in engineering programs.Scope/MethodThe research synthesized for this article includes that on the development of expertise, students' approaches to learning, students' responses to instructional practices, and the role of motivation in learning. In addition, literature on the dominant teaching and learning practices in engineering education is used to frame some of the challenges to implementing alternative approaches to learning.Conclusion...

Liu, H, Shon, HK, Okour, Y, Song, W & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Red G by Bismuth Titanate in Three-phase Fluidized Bed Photoreactor', Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 116-121.
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AbstractThe objectives of this study were to prepare a high-performance bismuth titanate photocatalyst and to develop a novel photocatalytic reactor with three-phase internal circulating fluidized bed photoreactor (TPICFBP). Bismuth titanate photocatalyst was hydrothermally prepared under optimum operating parameters such as hydrothermal temperature, reaction time and molar ratio of Bi to Ti. The photocatalytic activity of bismuth titanate using TPICFBP was evaluated for the photocatalytic degradation of Acid Red G (ARG). The photodegradation of ARG over Bi

Liu, H, Shon, HK, Sun, X, Vigneswaran, S & Nan, H 2011, 'Preparation and characterization of visible light responsive Fe2O3-TiO2 composites', APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, vol. 257, no. 13, pp. 5813-5819.
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In this studywepresent the effects of iron oxide (Fe2O3) on titanium dioxide (TiO2) in synthesising visiblelight reactive photocatalysts. A Fe2O3âTiO2 composite photocatalyst was synthesized from Fe2(SO4)3 and Ti(SO4)2 by a ethanol-assisted hydrothermal method. The preparation conditions were optimized through the investigation of the effects of hydrothermal temperature and time as well as molar ratio of Ti to Fe on the photocatalytic activity. The visual, physical and chemical properties of the Fe2O3âTiO2 composites were investigated. The results showed that -Fe2O3 and anatase TiO2 were present in the composites. The Fe2O3âTiO2 synthesized under optimum condition consisted of mesoporous structure with an average pore size of 4 nm and a surface area of 43m2/g. Under visible and solar light irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of optimized sample was significantly higher than that of pure TiO2. This sample led to a photodegradation efficiency of 90% and 40% of auramine under visible light and solar light, respectively.

Liu, H, Xia, T, Shon, HK & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Preparation of titania-containing photocatalysts from metallurgical slag waste and photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol', JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 461-467.
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A low cost, high performance titania-containing metallurgical slag photocatalysts (TCMSPx, x = H2SO4, HNO3, HCl) were prepared using a hydrothermal method. The prepared TCMSPx were characterized in terms of visual, physical and chemical properties. The photocatalytic activity of the TCMSPx was evaluated via the photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-D) in aqueous solution. The results showed that the characteristics and photocatalytic activity of TCMSPx were strongly affected by acidic solutions used during the acidolysis. TCMSPH2SO4 exhibited better characteristics and higher photocatalytic activity than TCMSPHNO3 and TCMSPHCl. OH radicals from TCMSPH2SO4 were produced under UV, visible and solar light irradiation. The degree of photodegradation of 2,4-D by TCMSPH2SO4 was 80.1%, 50.0% and 61.5% under UV, visible and solar light irradiation respectively. In addition, the removal of chlorine functional group on the 2,4-D benzene ring and the production of intermediates during 2,4-D photodegradation were monitored using ion chromatography, UVâvis spectra and high performance liquid chromatography of 2,4-D before and after photodegradation.

Liu, J, Zhong, S & Esselle, KP 2011, 'A Printed Elliptical Monopole Antenna With Modified Feeding Structure for Bandwidth Enhancement', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 667-670.
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Liu, K, Law, SS & Zhu, XQ 2011, 'A Bonding Damage Detection Method with Force-Based Beam Element', Procedia Engineering, vol. 14, pp. 1174-1182.
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Liu, M, Guo, X, Zhou, A, Wang, S, Li, Z & Dutkiewicz, E 2011, 'Low latency IP mobility management: protocol and analysis', EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2011, no. 1.
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Liu, MD & Indraratna, BN 2011, 'General Strength Criterion for Geomaterials Including Anisotropic Effect', International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 251-262.
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Liu, Q, Hoi, SCH, Su, CTT, Li, Z, Kwoh, C-K, Wong, L & Li, J 2011, 'Structural analysis of the hot spots in the binding between H1N1 HA and the 2D1 antibody: do mutations of H1N1 from 1918 to 2009 affect much on this binding?', BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 27, no. 18, pp. 2529-2536.
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Motivation: Worldwide and substantial mortality caused by the 2009 H1N1 influenza A has stimulated a new surge of research on H1N1 viruses. An epitope conservation has been learned in the HA1 protein that allows antibodies to cross-neutralize both 1918 a

Liu, S-G, Ni, B-J, Li, W-W, Sheng, G-P, Tang, Y & Yu, H-Q 2011, 'Modeling of the Contact–Adsorption–Regeneration (CAR) activated sludge process', Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 2199-2205.
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Liu, W & Li, S 2011, 'On standard models of fuzzy region connection calculus', International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 1337-1354.
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The Region Connection Calculus (RCC) is perhaps the most influential topological relation calculus. Based on the first-order logic, the RCC, however, does not fully meet the needs of applications where the vagueness of entities or relations is important and not ignorable. This paper introduces standard models for the fuzzy region connection calculus (RCC) proposed by Schockaert et al. (2008) [18]. Each of such a standard fuzzy RCC model is induced by a standard RCC model in a natural way. We prove that each standard fuzzy RCC model is canonical in the sense that any satisfiable set of fuzzy RCC8 constraints have a solution in it. Apolynomial realization algorithm is also provided. As a side product,we showsimilar sets of fuzzy constraints have similar solutions if both are satisfiable. This allows us to approximate fuzzy RCC constraints that have arbitrary bounds by those have bounds with finite precision. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc.

Liu, Y, Liu, B & Ling, SH 2011, 'The almost periodic solution of Lotka-Volterra recurrent neural networks with delays', NEUROCOMPUTING, vol. 74, no. 6, pp. 1062-1068.
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By the fixed-point theorem subject to different polyhedrons and some inequalities (e.g., the inequality resulted from quadratic programming), we obtain three theorems for the Lotka-Volterra recurrent neural networks having almost periodic coefficients and delays. One of the three theorems can only ensure the existence of an almost periodic solution, whose existence and uniqueness the other two theorems are about. By using Lyapunov function, the sufficient condition guaranteeing the global stability of the solution is presented. Furthermore, two numerical examples are employed to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the obtained criteria. Compared with known results, the networks model is novel, and the results are extended and improved. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Lixin Duan, Wen Li, Tsang, IW-H & Dong Xu 2011, 'Improving Web Image Search by Bag-Based Reranking', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 3280-3290.
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Given a textual query in traditional text-based image retrieval (TBIR), relevant images are to be reranked using visual features after the initial text-based search. In this paper, we propose a new bag-based reranking framework for large-scale TBIR. Specifically, we first cluster relevant images using both textual and visual features. By treating each cluster as a bag and the images in the bag as instances, we formulate this problem as a multi-instance (MI) learning problem. MI learning methods such as mi-SVM can be readily incorporated into our bag-based reranking framework. Observing that at least a certain portion of a positive bag is of positive instances while a negative bag might also contain positive instances, we further use a more suitable generalized MI (GMI) setting for this application. To address the ambiguities on the instance labels in the positive and negative bags under this GMI setting, we develop a new method referred to as GMI-SVM to enhance retrieval performance by propagating the labels from the bag level to the instance level. To acquire bag annotations for (G)MI learning, we propose a bag ranking method to rank all the bags according to the defined bag ranking score. The top ranked bags are used as pseudopositive training bags, while pseudonegative training bags can be obtained by randomly sampling a few irrelevant images that are not associated with the textual query. Comprehensive experiments on the challenging real-world data set NUS-WIDE demonstrate our framework with automatic bag annotation can achieve the best performances compared with existing image reranking methods. Our experiments also demonstrate that GMI-SVM can achieve better performances when using the manually labeled training bags obtained from relevance feedback.

Lo, D, Jinyan Li, Iimsoon wong & Siau-Cheng Khoo 2011, 'Mining Iterative Generators and Representative Rules for Software Specification Discovery', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 282-296.
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Billions of dollars are spent annually on software-related cost. It is estimated that up to 45 percent of software cost is due to the difficulty in understanding existing systems when performing maintenance tasks (i.e., adding features, removing bugs, etc.). One of the root causes is that software products often come with poor, incomplete, or even without any documented specifications. In an effort to improve program understanding, Lo et al. have proposed iterative pattern mining which outputs patterns that are repeated frequently within a program trace, or across multiple traces, or both. Frequent iterative patterns reflect frequent program behaviors that likely correspond to software specifications. To reduce the number of patterns and improve the efficiency of the algorithm, Lo et al. have also introduced mining closed iterative patterns, i.e., maximal patterns without any superpattern having the same support. In this paper, to technically deepen research on iterative pattern mining, we introduce mining iterative generators, i.e., minimal patterns without any subpattern having the same support. Iterative generators can be paired with closed patterns to produce a set of rules expressing forward, backward, and in-between temporal constraints among events in one general representation. We refer to these rules as representative rules. A comprehensive performance study shows the efficiency of our approach. A case study on traces of an industrial system shows how iterative generators and closed iterative patterns can be merged to form useful rules shedding light on software design. © 2006 IEEE.

Longbing Cao, Huaifeng Zhang, Yanchang Zhao, Dan Luo & Chengqi Zhang 2011, 'Combined Mining: Discovering Informative Knowledge in Complex Data', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 699-712.
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Enterprise data mining applications often involve complex data such as multiple large heterogeneous data sources, user preferences, and business impact. In such situations, a single method or one-step mining is often limited in discovering informative knowledge. It would also be very time and space consuming, if not impossible, to join relevant large data sources for mining patterns consisting of multiple aspects of information. It is crucial to develop effective approaches for mining patterns combining necessary information from multiple relevant business lines, catering for real business settings and decision-making actions rather than just providing a single line of patterns. The recent years have seen increasing efforts on mining more informative patterns, e.g., integrating frequent pattern mining with classifications to generate frequent pattern-based classifiers. Rather than presenting a specific algorithm, this paper builds on our existing works and proposes combined mining as a general approach to mining for informative patterns combining components from either multiple data sets or multiple features or by multiple methods on demand. We summarize general frameworks, paradigms, and basic processes for multifeature combined mining, multisource combined mining, and multimethod combined mining. Novel types of combined patterns, such as incremental cluster patterns, can result from such frameworks, which cannot be directly produced by the existing methods. A set of real-world case studies has been conducted to test the frameworks, with some of them briefed in this paper. They identify combined patterns for informing government debt prevention and improving government service objectives, which show the flexibility and instantiation capability of combined mining in discovering informative knowledge in complex data. © 2010 IEEE.

Lorentzen, K, Maschek, T, Richter, R & Deuse, J 2011, 'Entwicklung einer Variabilitätstypologie', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 106, no. 4, pp. 214-218.
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Kurzfassung Die meisten Unternehmen haben Initiativen zur kontinuierlichen Verbesserung von Produktionsprozessen ins Leben gerufen. Diese verfügen oftmals nur über einen unzureichenden Fokus und verlieren sich in wenig abgestimmten Einzelmaßnahmen. Der vorliegende Artikel leitet die Beherrschung von zeitlicher Variabilität als einen zentralen Fokus kontinuierlicher Verbesserungsprozesse her und beschreibt am Beispiel starr verketteter Fließprozesse eine Variabilitätstypologie als Grundlage für einen zielgerichteten Verbesserungsprozess.

Loth, L, Osmani, MG, Kalam, MA, Chakraborty, RK, Wadsworth, J, Knowles, NJ, Hammond, JM & Benigno, C 2011, 'Molecular Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus: Implications for Disease Control in Bangladesh', Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 240-246.
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Lu, HN, Gao, XH, Jiang, ZY, Wei, DB & Liu, XH 2011, 'Development of High Strength Hull Plate by Normal Hot Rolling and High Rate Cooling Process', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 148-149, pp. 253-258.
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This paper investigates the effects of normal hot rolling and high rate cooling (NHR+HRC) on microstructure and mechanical properties of the rolled EH 36 hull plate. Double-hit tests were carried out to study the effect of process parameters such as the deformation temperature and soaking time on microstructures of the tested steel, and explore optimal processing parameters. Single-hit compression with various parameters was developed and the microstructures of the tested steel are analyzed to determine the cooling rate and the final cooling temperature of the normal hot rolling and high rate cooling. This study will provide experimental and theoretical base on high-temperature rolling control system. Industrial trial was performed to produce regular products. The results show that the NHR+HRC is an effective and promising method to improve the product quality of high-strength hull plate.

Lu, J & Zhang, G 2011, 'Guest editorial: a special issue on optimization techniques for business intelligence systems', JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 185-187.
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Lu, J, Ma, J, Zhang, G, Zhu, Y, Zeng, X & Koehl, L 2011, 'Theme-Based Comprehensive Evaluation in New Product Development Using Fuzzy Hierarchical Criteria Group Decision-Making Method', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 2236-2246.
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One of the features of the digital ecosystem is the integration of human cognition and socio-economic themes into the process of new product development (NPD). In a socio-economic theme-based NPD, ranking a set of product prototypes that have been designed always requires the participation of multiple evaluators and consideration of multiple evaluation criteria. Using the well-being theme-based garment NPD as a background, this paper first presents a fuzzy hierarchical criteria group decision-making (FHCGDM) method which can effectively calculate final ranking results through fusing all assessment data from human beings and machines. It then presents a garment NPD comprehensive evaluation model with hierarchical criteria under the well-being theme through identifying a set of marketing tactics from a consumer acceptance survey. It further provides an establishment process for an NPD evaluation model under the digital ecosystem framework. Finally, a garment NPD case study further demonstrates the proposed well-being NPD comprehensive evaluation model and the FHCGDM method. The advantages of the proposed evaluation method include successfully handling criteria in a hierarchical structure, automatically processing both objective measurements from machines and subjective assessments from human evaluators, and using the most suitable type of fuzzy numbers to describe linguistic terms. © 2010 IEEE.

Lu, S, An, Z, Li, J & He, J 2011, 'pH-Triggered Adsorption–Desorption of Enzyme in Mesoporous Host to Act on Macrosubstrate', The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 115, no. 46, pp. 13695-13700.
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Numbers of reports have demonstrated the merits of confining enzyme in mesoporous supports, but have ignored the limitations to the application for biocatalytic transformation of a macrosubstrate. So in this work a strategy based on pH-triggered release and recovery of proteins has been presented to overcome this restriction. By modulation of the pH value, the encapsulated lysozyme was released from the mesopores to act on the macrosubstrate, displaying full bacteriolytic activity, and then was basically readsorbed by another pH modulation. The protein release-recovery is directly confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) observations. In virtue of substrate-enhanced desorption and privileged readsorption of lysozyme, high bioactivity and good reusability have been achieved.

Lu, Y, Jin, D, Leif, RC, Deng, W, Piper, JA, Yuan, J, Duan, Y & Huo, Y 2011, 'Automated detection of rare‐event pathogens through time‐gated luminescence scanning microscopy', Cytometry Part A, vol. 79A, no. 5, pp. 349-355.
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AbstractMany microorganisms have a very low threshold (<10 cells) to trigger infectious diseases, and, in these cases, it is important to determine the absolute cell count in a low‐cost and speedy fashion. Fluorescent microscopy is a routine method; however, one fundamental problem has been associated with the existence in the sample of large numbers of nontarget particles, which are naturally autofluorescent, thereby obscuring the visibility of target organisms. This severely affects both direct visual inspection and the automated microscopy based on computer pattern recognition. We report a novel strategy of time‐gated luminescent scanning for accurate counting of rare‐event cells, which exploits the large difference in luminescence lifetimes between the lanthanide biolabels, >100 μs, and the autofluorescence backgrounds, <0.1 μs, to render background autofluorescence invisible to the detector. Rather than having to resort to sophisticated imaging analysis, the background‐free feature allows a single‐element photomultiplier to locate rare‐event cells, so that requirements for data storage and analysis are minimized to the level of image confirmation only at the final step. We have evaluated this concept in a prototype instrument using a 2D scanning stage and applied it to rare‐event Giardia detection labeled by a europium complex. For a slide area of 225 mm2, the time‐gated scanning method easily reduced the original 40,000 adjacent elements (0.075 mm × 0.075 mm) down to a few “elements of interest” containing the Giardia cysts. We achieved an averaged signal‐to‐background ratio of 41.2 (minimum ratio of 12.1). Such high contrasts ensured the accurate mapping of all the potential Giardia cysts free of false positives or negatives. This was confirmed by the automatic retrieving and time‐gated luminescence bioim...

Lu, Z, Roohani-Esfahani, S-I, Kwok, PCL & Zreiqat, H 2011, 'Osteoblasts on Rod Shaped Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Incorporated PCL Film Provide an Optimal Osteogenic Niche for Stem Cell Differentiation', Tissue Engineering Part A, vol. 17, no. 11-12, pp. 1651-1661.
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Luo, L, Wang, XC, Guo, W & Ngo, H 2011, 'Novel conceptual models for thermodynamic analysis of urban water systems', Journal of Water Sustainability, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 13-23.
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Urban water system (UWS) can be thermodynamically analysed by calculating the entropy budget based on the increase of entropy due to internal and/or external contributions. From different internal and external parts, two novel conceptual models of thermodynamic analysis for an UWS were proposed. For conceptual model 1, natural UWS as a pseudo-reversible process is internal contribution, while the external part of the UWS is artificial water cycle. When the entropy change of the natural UWS is equal to zero, the entropy change of the UWS is considered as the entropy change by the artificial water cycle. The calculations of entropy change for artificial water cycle are based on water balance and purification reactions of selected kinds of typical pollutants in the UWS. For conceptual model 2, the internal entropy change of the UWS is water body, and it is assumed to be zero due to dynamically equilibrium of the water body. The calculation of external entropy change caused by the natural water cycle was proposed to be dependent on meteorological and hydrological data whilst the external entropy change caused by the artificial water cycle could be obtained from mass balance and treatment process analysis.

Luo, Q & Tong, L 2011, '3D Model of Coupled Multi-physics Fields for PLZT Ceramics and Its Applications to Photostrictive Plates', Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 17-30.
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This article investigates an extended 3D model for coupled opto-electro-thermo-mechanical fields in PbLaZrTi (PLZT) ceramics by incorporating the photovoltaic, optothermic, and pyroelectric effects into the existing thermopiezoelectic model. The 3D model is then used to establish novel governing equations for 0-3 polarized orthotropic PLZT plates. Actuating and sensing behaviors of 0-3 polarized PLZT plates subjected to light illumination and mechanical loading are then studied. Stress analysis is conducted for a 0-3 polarized PLZT plate with free boundary conditions. Analytical solution for a simply supported photostrictive plate partially subjected to light illumination is derived. Numerical results for free and simply supported photostrictive plates illuminated by light are calculated using the present formulations and finite element analysis.

Luo, Q & Tong, L 2011, 'Ultraviolet-light-induced multi-physics behaviors of 0–3 polarized transparent PLZT plates: I. Experimental testing', Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 115004-115004.
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Luo, Q & Tong, L 2011, 'Ultraviolet-light-induced multi-physics behaviors of 0–3 polarized transparent PLZT plates: II. Finite element analysis and validation', Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 115005-115005.
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Luo, Q, Luo, Z & Tong, L 2011, 'A variational principle and finite element formulation for multi-physics PLZT ceramics', Mechanics Research Communications, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 198-202.
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This research presents an extended variational principle and a finite element formulation for multi-physics analysis of PLZT (lanthanum zirconate titanate) ceramics by including the photovoltaic and optothermic effects. The photo-induced electrical and thermal, and mechanical fields, as well as the heat source effect due to light illumination are all considered in the formulation. A generalized variation approach for advanced multi-physics PLZT problems is developed and then the relevant finite element formulation is established. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Luo, XS, Zhang, YX, Cui, YH & Pan, J 2011, 'Reevaluation on the mechanical properties of dentine microstructure', Yiyong Shengwu Lixue Journal of Medical Biomechanics, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 181-188.
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Objective: It is demostrated that the porous protein-mineral mechanics model could provide more accurate prediction for biomaterial properties of dentine compared with the other established models. This paper would use the model to reevaluate the mechanical properties and its interacting mechanism of human dentine. Method: By using a porous protein-mineral mechanics model, the effect from the interactions between tubules, peritubular and intertubular matrix on dentine microstructure was discussed. Results: The dentinal micromechanical properties were dependent on the tubular direction, and the absolute values of the stresses derived from the hydraulic and gas tubular pressures increased parabolically with the increasing diameter of the tubules. It was also found that the effective elastic constants of the dentine microstructure would vary with the aging and the distribution of mineral and collagen within peritubular and intertubular matrix of detine. Conclusions: The theoretical analyses provided in this paper demonstrated that the microstructural characteristics of tubules, peritubular and intertubular dentinal matrix could have different influences on the micromechanical properties of human dentine, which showed the validity of porous protein-mineral mechanics model, and the limitation of some models that neglected the interacting mechanism.

Luo, Z, Luo, Q, Tong, L, Gao, W & Song, C 2011, 'Shape morphing of laminated composite structures with photostrictive actuators via topology optimization', Composite Structures, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 406-418.
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In this paper, a new design method is presented for achieving remote wireless shape morphing of laminated composite structures using topology optimization methods. A recently emerging family of smart materials, photostrictive materials, is introduced as the actuation discipline to implement the active control of optical structures by utilizing the photostriction mechanism, which arises from the superposition of photovoltaic effect and converse piezoelectric effect when exposed to the illumination of near ultraviolet light. In terms of the Mindlin plate theory of first-order shear deformation, a finite element formulation including multiphysics effects of photovoltaic, pyroelectric and thermal expansion is developed to model composite structures of ferroelectric materials polarized in 0-1 and 0-3 directions, respectively. The design is formulated as a multi-constrained optimization problem with a least square objective function to minimize structural shape errors. The topology optimization method is used as a systematic design approach to seek the optimal topologies of material layouts for both the photostrictive and host layers as well as the actuator light distribution. In terms of design sensitivity analysis, many gradient-based optimization algorithms can be applied to solve the problem effectively. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in the field of active photonic control of laminated composite structures. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.

Ma, M, Huang, X, Jiao, B & Guo, YJ 2011, 'Optimal Orthogonal Precoding for Power Leakage Suppression in DFT-Based Systems', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 844-853.
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A solution to the power leakage minimization problem in discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based communication systems is presented. In a conventional DFT based system, modulated subcarriers exhibit high sidelobe levels, which leads to significant out-of-band power leakage. Existing techniques found in the literature either do not achieve sufficient sidelobe suppression or suffer from significant spectral efficiency loss. Precoding can be seen as a general linear processing method for power leakage reduction, however, how to design the optimal linear precoder is still an open problem. In this paper, the power leakage suppression is first treated as a matrix Frobenius norm minimization problem, and then the optimal orthogonal precoding matrix design for the power leakage suppression is proposed based on singular value decomposition (SVD). By further exploiting the extra degrees of freedom in the precoding matrix, two kinds of optimized precoding matrices, one with multi-carrier property and the other with single-carrier property, are developed to take the advantages of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), respectively. Simulation results show that both the multi-carrier and the single-carrier precoding schemes achieve significant power leakage suppression, and have similar peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and bit-error-rate (BER) to those of OFDM and SC-FDMA systems, respectively. © 2011 IEEE.

Mahlia, TMI & Chan, PL 2011, 'Life cycle cost analysis of fuel cell based cogeneration system for residential application in Malaysia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 416-426.
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Mahlia, TMI, Razak, HA & Nursahida, MA 2011, 'Life cycle cost analysis and payback period of lighting retrofit at the University of Malaya', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 1125-1132.
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Mahlia, TMI, Saidur, R, Yanti, PAA & Masjuki, HH 2011, 'Role of energy guide labels in consumers purchase decision for household electrical appliances', Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 95-104.
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Due to the rapid economic growth in the past, the usage of electrical products for the last three decades has increased rapidly in Malaysia. To reduce energy consumption, Malaysian Energy Commission has implemented energy labels for electrical appliances. The purpose of the energy labels is to provide the consumers a guideline to compare the size, features, price and efficiency of the product. Research on consumer understanding and use of the label has been limited. This paper discusses the important aspects in consumers purchasing decision and consumers view on energy labels in Malaysia. The study includes the investigation of familiarity, awareness and understanding of the proposed energy labeling by Malaysian respondents. The study found that 65% of respondent were not familiar with the label, however 78% of respondents were understand the label and 79% of respondents are aware about the labels. The undesirable finding was that the efficiency of the product ranked sixth by the respondents in purchasing electrical products. © Sila Science.

Mahlia, TMI, Taufiq, BN, Ong, KP & Saidur, R 2011, 'Exergy analysis for day lighting, electric lighting and space cooling systems for a room space in a tropical climate', Energy and Buildings, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 1676-1684.
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Mahmoud, A, Elbialy, S, Pradhan, B & Buchroithner, M 2011, 'Field-based landcover classification using TerraSAR-X texture analysis', Advances in Space Research, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 799-805.
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Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 2011, 'Analysis of Voltage Rise Effect on Distribution Network with Distributed Generation', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 14796-14801.
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Connections of distributed generation (DG) in distribution networks are increasing. These connections of distributed generation cause voltage rise in the distribution network. This paper presents a detail analysis of how does voltage rise on distribution network due to the penetration of distributed generation. This paper also presents how does the voltage rise affect the connection of distributed generation on distribution network. The analysis is done on a simple two-bus distribution network and a radial distribution network with and without DG by using worst case scenario (minimum load maximum generation). Finally, some recommendations are given to counteract the voltage rise effect. © 2011 IFAC.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 2011, 'Robust Nonlinear State Feedback for Power Systems under Structured Uncertainty', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 3741-3746.
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This paper presents a robust nonlinear state feedback linearization approach for power systems with uncertainties. The uncertainties considered here are a class of bounded perturbations to the state model of power systems. The control law is applied through the excitation system of the synchronous generators connected to the power systems to enhance the stability of the system. In this paper, uncertainties are considered for single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system. A Lyapunov-based concept is used to guarantee uniform ultimate boundedness. © 2011 IFAC.

Mainali, B, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, Pham, TTN & Johnston, A 2011, 'Feasibility assessment of recycled water use for washing machines in Australia through SWOT analysis', RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 87-91.
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Sustainable urban water consumption has become a critical issue in Australia due to increasing urbanization, the countryâs dry climate and its increasingly variable rainfall. Water recycling is considered vital to alleviate the demand on limited water supplies. The demands on water utilities to develop water recycling capacity and supplies are therefore expected to intensify in Australia. Dual reticulation systems have already been introduced in many cities in Australia and this is likely to expand to many other cities in the future. Developed and proposed dual reticulation schemes in Australia demand the substantial replacement of tap water with recycled water to ensure system optimisation and the sustainability of water supplies. This study successfully applies Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis as a research tool to assess the feasibility of use of recycled water in washing machine applications. Through the identification of the reuse schemes' strengths (elements to leverage and build on) and weaknesses (areas to seek assistance and support) in addition to community opportunities (areas to leverage for program advantages) and threats (elements that could hinder the scheme), the positive aspects for the use of recycled water in washing machines is observed. Further study to address the specific concerns of the general public and the development of guidelines for this new end use is however essential to guide the implementation of recycled water schemes.

Mainali, B, Ngo, HH, Guo, WS, Pham, TTN, Wang, XC & Johnston, A 2011, 'SWOT analysis to assist identification of the critical factors for the successful implementation of water reuse schemes', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 297-306.
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The reuse of urban wastewater has been recognised as an important alternative source of water and is a key aspect of sustainable water policy. As it is a promising innovation, a number of direct and indirect water reuse projects have been instigated and proposed, both nationally and internationally. However there is some uncertainty regarding the effectiveness and impact of these water reuse schemes (WRS). This study investigates the applicability of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) as an analysis tool for formulating the critical factors in terms of the implementation of water reuse schemes. Basically, this work adopts an existing multiple case study design method and makes use of SWOT to analyse all critical factors for each selected water reuse scheme. The strengths and weaknesses of successful and unsuccessful WRS are analysed followed by an assessment of the corresponding external opportunities and threats. On this basis, the critical factors considered for the successful implementation of the WRS are identified. A qualitative investigation using SWOT analysis has therefore been successfully implemented. © 2011 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.

Mans, B & Mathieson, L 2011, 'On the Treewidth of Dynamic Graphs', Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 554, no. C, pp. 217-228.
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Dynamic graph theory is a novel, growing area that deals with graphs thatchange over time and is of great utility in modelling modern wireless, mobileand dynamic environments. As a graph evolves, possibly arbitrarily, it ischallenging to identify the graph properties that can be preserved over timeand understand their respective computability. In this paper we are concerned with the treewidth of dynamic graphs. We focuson metatheorems, which allow the generation of a series of results based ongeneral properties of classes of structures. In graph theory two majormetatheorems on treewidth provide complexity classifications by employingstructural graph measures and finite model theory. Courcelle's Theorem gives ageneral tractability result for problems expressible in monadic second orderlogic on graphs of bounded treewidth, and Frick & Grohe demonstrate a similarresult for first order logic and graphs of bounded local treewidth. We extend these theorems by showing that dynamic graphs of bounded (local)treewidth where the length of time over which the graph evolves and is observedis finite and bounded can be modelled in such a way that the (local) treewidthof the underlying graph is maintained. We show the application of these resultsto problems in dynamic graph theory and dynamic extensions to static problems.In addition we demonstrate that certain widely used dynamic graph classesnaturally have bounded local treewidth.

Manzouri, M & Shon, HK 2011, 'Rectification methods for the fouling of ultrafiltration hollow-fibre membranes as a result of excessive soluble iron', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 437-444.
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The aim of this study is to analyse process design parameters relating to a membrane bioreactor (MBR) membrane and chemical dosing systems as well as the characteristics of membrane foulant so as to identify a remedy for implementation. A qualitative research undertaken included electron microscopy analysis of the fouled membranes through a membrane autopsy which showed major inorganic deposits to the membrane surface, mainly comprising of iron. As it currently remains, the membrane system utilises citric acid for chemical in-place cleaning of the membranes. Analysis of results identifies the impact of membrane foulant to the operational performance of the treatment works and the impairment to effluent quality discharged to local waterways. Furthermore, an assessment into economic impacts is expected to show significant opportunities for improvements to operating costs as a direct result of cleaner membranes returning transmembrane pressures to normal levels during the permeate production cycle. The study also proposes optimisation strategies of the current cleaning process that is adequate for the level of ferric chloride dosed for phosphorous removal and odour control. Consideration is given to two types of strategies for rectification.

Martincic, A & Dovey, K 2011, 'Action research as a knowledge generating change methodology', International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 108-108.
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The paper outlines an action research project conducted within an Australian public sector organisation with the purpose of changing a key internal business process. Despite the significant challenges incurred by using a change methodology considered to be âradicalâ within this conventional, hierarchically structured, organisation, the business process was transformed successfully and productivity has increased significantly within the organisation. Furthermore, the action research approach generated pertinent new knowledge; greatly enriched various forms of intangible capital within the organisation; and created a precedent with respect to greater collaboration and democracy within the organisation. In encouraging this approach to managing change within hierarchically structured organisations, the paper advocates caution in its introduction and warns of the challenges that it poses for power management in such organisations.

Maschek, T, Konrad, B, Deuse, J, Hermanns, G, Weber, D & Schreckenberg, M 2011, 'Verkehrsforschung in der Produktionsflussanalyse', ZWF Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 106, no. 11, pp. 833-837.
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Methods of Statistical physics have been successfully applied in the field of traffic research. Striking structural similarities between traffic and production Systems lead to the idea of combining both approaches. This article presents well-known methods of both research areas. Moreover, the advantages of a new combined approach for production-flow analysis are lined out.

Maschek, T, Konrad, B, Deuse, J, Hermanns, G, Weber, D & Schreckenberg, M 2011, 'Verkehrsforschung in der Produktionsflussanalyse', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 106, no. 11, pp. 833-837.
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Mat, RC, Shariff, ARM, Pradhan, B & Mahmud, AR 2011, 'Online 3D terrain visualization of GIS data: A comparison between three different web servers', Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 19, no. SPEC. ISSUE, pp. 31-39.
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Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and three dimensional (3D) World Wide Web (WWW) applications usage are on the rise. The demand for online 3D terrain visualization for GIS data has increased. Current users demand for more complex data which have higher accuracy and realism. This is aided by the emergence of geo-browsers in the market which provide free service and also cater for the commercialized market. Other new technology driving the market is the use of software such as CityGML, Virtual Reality Markup Language (VRML)/ Entensive 3D (X3D), geoVRML, and Keyhole Markup Language (KML). These technologies also play an important role for this new era of online 3D terrain visualization. The aim of this paper is to implement the online 3D terrain visualization for GIS data by using VRML technology and launching the system into three different web servers. The data used for this system are contour data and high resolution satellite image (QUICKBIRD) for Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) area. Testing was done only for satellite image overlaid to 3D terrain data. The web servers used in this experiment were the Spatial Research Group Server in UPM, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) web server, and ruzinoor.my web server. The comparison was based on the performance of web servers in terms of accessibility, uploading time, CPU usage, frame rate per second (fps), and number of users. The results from this experiment will be of help and guidance to the developers in finding the right web servers for the best performance on implementing online 3D terrain visualization for GIS data. © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.

Matekovits, L, De Sabata, A & Esselle, KP 2011, 'Effects of a Coplanar Waveguide Biasing Network Built Into the Ground Plane on the Dispersion Characteristics of a Tunable Unit Cell With an Elliptical Patch and Multiple Vias', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, pp. 1088-1091.
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Matekovits, L, Heimlich, M & Esselle, KP 2011, 'Metamaterial-Based Millimeter-Wave Switchable Leaky Wave Antennas for On-Chip Implementation in Gaas Technology', Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 49-61.
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Matekovits, L, Heimlich, M & Esselle, KP 2011, 'Numerical analysis of 2D tunable HIS on GaAs support', Applied Physics A, vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 779-782.
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Mathew, N, Jiang, Z & Wei, D 2011, 'Analysis of Multi-Layer Sandwich Structures by Finite Element Method', Advanced Science Letters, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 3243-3248.
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An attempt has been made in optimizing the finite element model based on the non-linear explicit finite element LS-DYNA code to analyse the structural response of a multi-layer thin-walled sandwich structure with square core cells. Virtual testing of impact response is an efficient way to investigate the structural behaviour of sandwich structures. The developed simulation models assist in creating an efficient parametric study. This paper focuses on the structural deformation and the variation of the folding mechanism observed in the different cell structures. The energy absorption of the structures is also discussed in relation to the parametric study with the variation of the number of cells and layers. This study can hence provide a model of the structural deformation response and the energy absorption capability of a multi-layer sandwich structure. The developed models consider a complete mechanical characterisation of cellular Gore structures, and as well as the detailed cell wall deformation patterns, failure modes and the effect of multiple layers on the energy absorption capability to obtain a better understanding of the deformation behaviours of the structure, which is difficult using solely experimental observations.

Mazandarani, A, Mahlia, TMI, Chong, WT & Moghavvemi, M 2011, 'Fuel consumption and emission prediction by Iranian power plants until 2025', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1575-1592.
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McGregor, C 2011, 'Methodologies for implementing clinical applications of complexity at the bedside', Journal of Critical Care, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. e18-e18.
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McIntosh, BS, Ascough, JC, Twery, M, Chew, J, Elmahdi, A, Haase, D, Harou, JJ, Hepting, D, Cuddy, S, Jakeman, AJ, Chen, S, Kassahun, A, Lautenbach, S, Matthews, K, Merritt, W, Quinn, NWT, Rodriguez-Roda, I, Sieber, S, Stavenga, M, Sulis, A, Ticehurst, J, Volk, M, Wrobel, M, van Delden, H, El-Sawah, S, Rizzoli, A & Voinov, A 2011, 'Environmental decision support systems (EDSS) development – Challenges and best practices', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 1389-1402.
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McPeak, KM, Le, TP, Britton, NG, Nickolov, ZS, Elabd, YA & Baxter, JB 2011, 'Chemical Bath Deposition of ZnO Nanowires at Near-Neutral pH Conditions without Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA): Understanding the Role of HMTA in ZnO Nanowire Growth', Langmuir, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 3672-3677.
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Meng, F, Zhou, Z, Ni, B-J, Zheng, X, Huang, G, Jia, X, Li, S, Xiong, Y & Kraume, M 2011, 'Characterization of the size-fractionated biomacromolecules: Tracking their role and fate in a membrane bioreactor', Water Research, vol. 45, no. 15, pp. 4661-4671.
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Meng, X, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Zhang, Q, Zhu, JG, Guo, Y & Liu, D 2011, 'Robust Multilevel Optimization of PMSM Using Design for Six Sigma', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 3248-3251.
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In this paper, a robust optimization method based on design for six sigma (DFSS) is combined to the optimization of a surface mounted permanent synchronous machine (PMSM) by using multilevel genetic algorithm (MLGA). First, MLGA and DFSS are introduced in the robust optimization. Second, by taking into account the tolerances of the motor products, important input parameters could be varied with six sigma distribution and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method is used to reduce the calculation cost. Third, to verify the new algorithm, the presented algorithm is applied to the optimization of a PMSM. The results compared with those of traditional GA and MLGA and the discussion of the robust optimization combined with MLGA are presented. © 2011 IEEE.

Meng, ZX, Xu, XX, Zheng, W, Zhou, HM, Li, L, Zheng, YF & Lou, X 2011, 'Preparation and characterization of electrospun PLGA/gelatin nanofibers as a potential drug delivery system', Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 97-102.
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Merigo, JM 2011, 'The uncertain probabilistic weighted average and its application in the theory of expertons', AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, vol. 5, no. 15, pp. 6092-6102.

Merigó, JM 2011, 'A unified model between the weighted average and the induced OWA operator', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 11560-11572.
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Merigó, JM 2011, 'Fuzzy multi-person decision making with fuzzy probabilistic aggregation operators', International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 163-174.
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We present a fuzzy multi-person decision making model with fuzzy probabilistic information. For doing so, we present the fuzzy probabilistic ordered weighted averaging (FPOWA) operator. It is an aggregation operator that unifies the fuzzy probabilistic aggregation and the fuzzy OWA (FOWA) operator in the same formulation considering the degree of importance that each concept has in the analysis. We study its applicability and we see that it is very broad because all the previous studies that use the probability or the OWA operator can be revised and extended with this new approach. We focus on a multi-person decision making problem that unifies risk and uncertain environments in the same formulation. We implement this approach in a political management problem regarding the selection of fiscal policies. © 2011 TFSA.

Merigo, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'Generalized aggregation operators in decision making with Dempster-Shafer belief structure', Information, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 2711-2732.
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We present a general method for decision making with Dempster-Shafer belief structure based on generalized aggregation operators. The main advantage of this approach is that it gives a more complete formulation of the D-S framework because it is able to provide a wide range of aggregation operators by using generalized means, quasi-arithmetic means and ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operators. Thus, we are able to formulate the D-S approach by using the usual arithmetic means but also using other types of means such as geometric or quadratic means. We study different properties and particular cases based on the generalized OWA operator. We further generalize this approach by using the Quasi-OWA operator. Moreover, we extend this approach by using induced aggregation operators and the hybrid average. The paper ends with an illustrative example of the new approach in a decision making problem regarding the selection of strategies. © 2011 International Information Institute.

Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'A New Minkowski Distance Based on Induced Aggregation Operators', International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 123-133.
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Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'Decision Making with Dempster-Shafer Theory Using Fuzzy Induced Aggregation Operators', Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, vol. 265, pp. 209-228.
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We develop a new approach for decision making with Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence where the available information is uncertain and it can be assessed with fuzzy numbers. With this approach, we are able to represent the problem without losing relevant information, so the decision maker knows exactly which are the different alternatives and their consequences. For doing so, we suggest the use of different types of fuzzy induced aggregation operators in the problem. Then, we can aggregate the information considering all the different scenarios that could happen in the analysis. As a result, we get new types of fuzzy induced aggregation operators such as the belief structure - fuzzy induced ordered weighted averaging (BS-FIOWA) and the belief structure - fuzzy induced hybrid averaging (BS-FIHA) operator. We study some of their main properties. We further generalize this approach by using fuzzy induced generalized aggregation operators. We also develop an application of the new approach in a financial decision making problem about selection of financial strategies. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'Decision-making with distance measures and induced aggregation operators', Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 66-76.
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Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'Induced aggregation operators in the Euclidean distance and its application in financial decision making', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 7603-7608.
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Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'Induced and uncertain heavy OWA operators', Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 106-116.
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MERIGÓ, JM & CASANOVAS, M 2011, 'THE UNCERTAIN GENERALIZED OWA OPERATOR AND ITS APPLICATION TO FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING', International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, vol. 10, no. 02, pp. 211-230.
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We introduce the uncertain generalized OWA (UGOWA) operator. This operator is an extension of the OWA operator that uses generalized means and uncertain information represented as interval numbers. By using UGOWA, it is possible to obtain a wide range of uncertain aggregation operators such as the uncertain average (UA), the uncertain weighted average (UWA), the uncertain OWA (UOWA) operator, the uncertain ordered weighted geometric (UOWG) operator, the uncertain ordered weighted quadratic averaging (UOWQA) operator, the uncertain generalized mean (UGM), and many specialized operators. We study some of its main properties, and we further generalize the UGOWA operator using quasi-arithmetic means. The result is the Quasi-UOWA operator. We end the paper by presenting an application to a decision-making problem regarding the selection of financial strategies.

Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2011, 'The uncertain induced quasi-arithmetic OWA operator', International Journal of Intelligent Systems, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 1-24.
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Merigo, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2011, 'OWA OPERATORS IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT', ECONOMIC COMPUTATION AND ECONOMIC CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND RESEARCH, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 153-168.

Merigó, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2011, 'Decision-making in sport management based on the OWA operator', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 10408-10413.
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Merigó, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2011, 'Fuzzy induced generalized aggregation operators and its application in multi-person decision making', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 9761-9772.
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Merigó, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2011, 'Owa operators in human resource management', Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, vol. 2, pp. 118-134.
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We develop a new approach that uses the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator in different methods for the selection of human resources. The objective of this new model is to manipulate the neutrality of the old methods, so the decision maker can select human resources according to his degree of optimism or pessimism. In order to develop this model, first, a short revision of the OWA operators is introduced. Next, we briefly explain the general model for the selection of human resources and suggest three new indexes for the selection of human resources that use the OWA operator and the hybrid average in the Hamming distance, in the adequacy coefficient and in the index of maximum and minimum level. The main advantage of this method is that it is more complete than the previous ones so the decision maker gets a better understanding of the decision problem. The work ends with an illustrative example that shows the results obtained by using different types of aggregation operators in the new approaches.

Merigó, JM & Wei, G 2011, 'PROBABILISTIC AGGREGATION OPERATORS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN UNCERTAIN MULTI-PERSON DECISION-MAKING / TIKIMYBINIAI SUMAVIMO OPERATORIAI IR JŲ TAIKYMAS PRIIMANT GRUPINIUS SPRENDIMUS NEAPIBRĖŽTOJE APLINKOJE', Technological and Economic Development of Economy, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 335-351.
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We present the uncertain probabilistic ordered weighted averaging (UPOWA) operator. It is an aggregation operator that uses probabilities and OWA operators in the same formulation considering the degree of importance of each concept in the analysis. Moreover, it also uses uncertain information assessed with interval numbers in the aggregation process. The main advantage of this aggregation operator is that it is able to use the attitudinal character of the decision maker and the available probabilistic information in an environment where the information is very imprecise and can be assessed with interval numbers. We study some of its main properties and particular cases such as the uncertain probabilistic aggregation (UPA) and the uncertain OWA (UOWA) operator. We also develop an application of the new approach in a multi-person decision-making problem in political management regarding the selection of monetary policies. Thus, we obtain the multiperson UPOWA (MP-UPOWA) operator. We see that this model gives more complete information of the decision problem because it is able to deal with decision making problems under uncertainty and under risk in the same formulation. Santrauka Autoriai pristato tikimybinį svertinio vidurkio operatorių, taikytiną neapibrežtumo sąlygomis. Tai tikimybėmis pagrįstas sumavimo operatorius, kuris kartu su svertinio vidurkio operatoriais gali įvertinti alternatyvų svarbumo laipsnį. Be to, jis gali operuoti neapibrežta informacija, išreikšta skaičiais intervaluose. Pagrindinis šio operatoriaus privalumas yra tas, kad jį galima taikyti uždaviniams, kuriuose informacija yra netiksli. Išnagrinėtos kai kurios minėto operatoriaus savybės. Sukurtas metodas pritaikytas monetarinei politikai parinkti, situacijai, kai sprendimus priima žmoniu grupė. Modelis suteikia išsamesnę informaciją apie problemą, nes gali įvertinti neapibrežtumus ir riziką.

Merigo, JM, Gil-Lafuente, AM & Gil-Aluja, J 2011, 'A new aggregation method for strategic decision making and its application in assignment theory', AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 4033-4043.

Merigo, JM, Gil-Lafuente, AM & Gil-Aluja, J 2011, 'Decision making with the induced generalized adequacy coefficient', Applied and Computational Mathematics, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 321-339.
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We introduce the induced generalized ordered weighted averaging adequacy coefficient (IGOWAAC) operator. The main advantage is that it provides a more complete generalization of the aggregation operators that includes a wide range of situations. We apply the new approach in a decision making problem.

Merigo, JM, Gil-Lafuente, AM & Gil-Aluja, J 2011, 'Soft computing techniques for decision making with induced aggregation operators', Information, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 2019-2039.
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We present a method for decision making by using induced aggregation operators. This method is very useful for business decision making problems such as product management, investment selection and strategic management We introduce a new aggregation operator that uses the induced ordered weighted averaging (IOWA) operator in the adequacy coefficient. We call it the induced ordered weighted averaging adequacy coefficient (IOWAAC) operator. The main advantage is that it is able to deal with complex attitudinal characters in the aggregation process. Thus, we are able to give a better representation of the problem considering the complex environment that affects the decisions. We study some of the main properties of this approach and we see mat it includes the IOWA operator as a special case. We also see that sometimes this approach becomes the Hamming distance or more precisely, the induced OWA distance (IOWAD) operator. We further extend the IOWAAC operator by using the hybrid average, obtaining the induced hybrid averaging adequacy coefficient (IHAAC). We end the paper with a numerical example of the new approach in a decision making problem regarding product management. © 2011 International Information Institute.

Merigo, JM, Gil-Lafuente, AM, Zhou, L & Chenm, H 2011, 'Generalization of the linguistic aggregation operator and its application in decision making', Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 593-603.
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Mihăiţă, AS & Mocanu, S 2011, 'Simulation en temps continu pour la commande orientée événements des systèmes stochastiques à commutation', European Journal of Automation (JESA), vol. 45, pp. 157-172.

Mihaita, S & Mocanu, S 2011, 'Simulation en temps continu pour la commande orientée événements des systèmes stochastiques à commutation. Modélisation, contrôle et simulation des systèmes stochastiques à commutation', Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés, vol. 45, no. 1-3, pp. 157-172.
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This paper presents a continuous time simulation method for stochastic switching systems while applying event-based control. The main system we have used is a multi-state integrator having a switching behavior, being described by a continuous-time Markov Chain. The objective of the event-based control method is to maintain the continuous system state variable between extreme limits. Control stopping limits have also been taken into consideration. Finally we present the results we have obtained in order to minimize a quadratic energy cost while applying event-based control. © 2011 Lavoisier, Paris.

Minh Do, T & Sharma, D 2011, 'Vietnam's energy sector: A review of current energy policies and strategies', Energy Policy, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 5770-5777.
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Since the introduction of market-oriented economy in 1986, Vietnam has made noticeable socio-economic progress. In this progress, the energy sector has played a vital role. This role is likely to deepen in the years to come as Vietnam strives to achieve even higher levels in economic progress. Such deepening in the role of energy, this paper argues, will heighten concerns about the security of energy supply, and economic, environmental, social and political consequences. In order to address these issues, Vietnam has over the last decade, developed a suite of energy policies. A deeper review of these policies suggests that they are typified by economic-growth orientation, exclusive focus on a single-sector or single issue, and largely neglect the significance of cross-sectoral and cross-thematic issues arising from the interdependencies between energy, economy, and the polity at large. The existing energy policy settings are, therefore, unlikely to be able to provide a satisfactory redress to the challenges noted above. This paper provides an overview of the current energy policies with a view to identify areas where further policy effort is needed in order to facilitate a sustainable development of the Vietnamese energy sector.

Mirzahosseini, MR, Aghaeifar, A, Alavi, AH, Gandomi, AH & Seyednour, R 2011, 'Permanent deformation analysis of asphalt mixtures using soft computing techniques', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 6081-6100.
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Mohammadnejad, M, Ghazvini, M, Mahlia, TMI & Andriyana, A 2011, 'A review on energy scenario and sustainable energy in Iran', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 4652-4658.
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Mohammed, T, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2011, 'Biofiltration as pre-treatment to water harvesting and recycling', Water Science and Technology, vol. 63, no. 10, pp. 2097-2105.
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This paper presents the results of the long term biofilter experiments conducted with raw stormwater collected from a canal at Carlton, in Sydney. Anthracite and granular activated carbon (GAC) were used as a single filter media in biofilter columns. Media heights of 75 and 40 cm were used. The filter columns were operated at filtration velocities of 0.12 and 0.25 m/h. The removal efficiency for turbidity and DOC for the GAC filter media were found to be 75% and almost 100% respectively. The removal efficiency for the anthracite filter was much lower. Molecular weight distribution analysis showed an almost similar trend to the DOC removal. Compared with anthracite filter media, the GAC biofilter removed a much larger range of organic compounds present in the stormwater. The GAC biofilter removes organic matter earlier as compared to anthracite. Based on a limited sample of stormwater, the removal efficiency for phosphorus was upto 74% and that of nitrogen was up to 30%. In general GAC filter shows higher heavy metal removal efficiency than anthracite. The removal of zinc, iron, lead and nickel were good. However the concentration of heavy metal in the raw surface water sample was low.

Molla, MM, Saha, SC & Hossain, MA 2011, 'Radiation effect on free convection laminar flow along a vertical flat plate with streamwise sinusoidal surface temperature', MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING, vol. 53, no. 5-6, pp. 1310-1319.
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Mollahasani, A, Alavi, AH & Gandomi, AH 2011, 'Empirical modeling of plate load test moduli of soil via gene expression programming', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 281-286.
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Mollahasani, A, Alavi, AH, Gandomi, AH & Rashed, A 2011, 'Nonlinear neural-based modeling of soil cohesion intercept', KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 831-840.
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Moore, G, Kerr, R & Hadgraft, R 2011, 'Self-guided field trips for students of environments', European Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 107-118.
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In many learning institutions around the world, there is a trend towards larger classes, more flexible learning pathways and reduced teaching resources. Experiential learning is often used in the form of site visits or field trips for students studying engineering, natural resource management, geography and similar disciplines. Providing opportunities for students to undertake field trips without the traditional support mechanism is one of the more challenging issues for subject designers. How can large cohorts of students gain practical exposure to various aspects of the natural or built environment? Although this is typically done using traditional site visits and fieldwork with a high staff/student ratio, the goal has been to use action research to design and develop resources to enable small groups (three or four) to make self-guided visits to sites close to campus. Multimedia resources to examine and interpret aspects of the site that relate to their on-campus learning guide the students. One critical issue in the success of these activities has been proper risk assessment and control procedures. The outcome of this research is a framework to provide a safe, active learning experience by way of self-guided field trips that is suitable for implementation with large classes. © 2011 SEFI.

Moore, HC, Johnston, M, Nicol, SM, Bourdon, J-C, Thompson, AM, Hutvagner, G & Fuller-Pace, FV 2011, 'An evolutionarily conserved, alternatively spliced, intron in the p68/DDX5 DEAD-box RNA helicase gene encodes a novel miRNA', RNA, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 555-562.
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The DEAD-box RNA helicase p68 (DDX5) plays important roles in several cellular processes, including transcription, pre-mRNA processing, and microRNA (miRNA) processing. p68 expression is growth and developmentally regulated, and alterations in p68 expression and/or function have been implicated in tumor development. The p68 gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved, alternatively spliced, intron the function of which has to date remained unclear. Although the intron-containing p68 RNA does not appear to yield an alternative p68 protein, it is differentially expressed in cell lines and tissues, indicating regulation of expression. Here we show that the p68 conserved intron encodes a novel putative miRNA, suggesting a previously unknown possible regulatory function for the p68 intron. We show that this miRNA (referred to as p68 miRNA) is processed from the intron via the canonical miRNA-processing pathway and that it associates with the Argonaute protein Ago2. Finally we show that the p68 miRNA suppresses an mRNA bearing complementary target sequences, suggesting that it is functional. These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which alterations in p68 expression may impact on the cell.

Moore, JL, Dickson-Deane, C & Galyen, K 2011, 'e-Learning, online learning, and distance learning environments: Are they the same?', The Internet and Higher Education, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 129-135.
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Moreno-de las Heras, M, Saco, PM, Willgoose, GR & Tongway, DJ 2011, 'Assessing landscape structure and pattern fragmentation in semiarid ecosystems using patch-size distributions', Ecological Applications, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 2793-2805.
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Motlaq, KS, Pirasteh, S, Norozi, OA, Pradhan, B & Mahmoodzadeh, A 2011, 'Sinkholes mapping using gis: vulnarebility and risk assessment emphasis on development areas', International Geoinformatics Research and Development Journal, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 49-61.

MOUSAVI, SM, ALAVI, AH, GANDOMI, AH & MOLLAHASANI, ALI 2011, 'Nonlinear genetic-based simulation of soil shear strength parameters', Journal of Earth System Science, vol. 120, no. 6, pp. 1001-1022.
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Mousavi, SM, Alavi, AH, Mollahasani, A & Gandomi, AH 2011, 'A hybrid computational approach to formulate soil deformation moduli obtained from PLT', Engineering Geology, vol. 123, no. 4, pp. 324-332.
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Mousavi, SR, Pirasteh, S, Pradhan, B, Mansor, S & Mahmud, AR 2011, 'The ASTER DEM generation for geomorphometric analysis of the Central Alborz mountains, Iran', Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 19, no. SPEC. ISSUE, pp. 115-124.
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This research focuses on the ASTER DEM generation for visual and mathematical analysis of topography, landscapes and landforms, as well as modeling of surface processes of Central Alborz, Iran. ASTER DEM 15 m generated using tie points over the Central Alborz and Damavand volcano with 5671 m height from ASTER (Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) satellite data using PCI Geomatica 9.1. Geomorphic parameters are useful to identify and describe geomorphologic forms and processes, which were extracted from ASTER DEM in GIS environment such as elevation, aspect, slope angle, vertical curvature, and tangential curvature. Although the elevation values are slightly low in altitudes above 5500 m asl., the ASTER DEM is useful in interpretation of the macro- and meso-relief, and provides the opportunity for mapping especially at medium scales (1:100,000 and 1:50,000). ASTER DEM has potential to be a best tool to study 3D model for to geomorphologic mapping and processes of glacial and per glacial forms above 4300 m asl. © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.

Movassaghi, S, Abolhasan, M & Lipman, J 2011, 'Addressing Schemes for Body Area Networks', IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 1310-1313.
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This letter explores address allocation in Body Area Networks (BANs) and proposes two novel schemes - Optimized Prophet Address Allocation (OPAA) and Hierarchical Collision-free Address Protocol (HCAP). The aim of the schemes is to use fewer bits in the address space, solve address wastage problems, reduce collisions and improve power efficiency. The usability and efficiency of the proposed schemes is shown through simulation and analysis. © 2006 IEEE.

Mueller, J & Stewart, MG 2011, 'Evaluating the Risks, Costs, and Benefits of Homeland Security Spending'.

Mullai, P, Arulselvi, S, Ngo, H-H & Sabarathinam, PL 2011, 'Experiments and ANFIS modelling for the biodegradation of penicillin-G wastewater using anaerobic hybrid reactor', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5492-5497.
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The performance of an anaerobic hybrid reactor (AHR) for treating penicillin-G wastewater was investigated at the ambient temperatures of 30-35 degrees C for 245 days in three phases. The experimental data were analysed by adopting an adaptive network-ba

Mullard, JA & Stewart, MG 2011, 'Corrosion-induced cover cracking: New test data and predictive models', ACI Structural Journal, vol. 108, no. 1, pp. 71-79.
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This paper presents an improved model that will be used to predict the timing of corrosion-induced cover cracking for reinforced concrete (RC) structures in chloride environments. An accelerated corrosion experimental program measured concrete cover cracking for RC slabs based on various concrete covers, concrete tensile strengths, and reinforcing bar diameters. A new empirical crack propagation model based on the test data was then developed. A correction factor for concrete confinement is proposed to account for bars located at edges and corners of RC structures. A rate of loading correction factor is applied to allow the cracking times for accelerated corrosion rates to be adjusted for the lower corrosion rates 'generally found in RC structures. A statistical analysis of model accuracy is used to account for variabilities between model prediction and experimental data. Copyright © 2011, American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved.

Na, S-H, Shon, H-K & Kim, J-H 2011, 'Minimization of excess sludge and cryptic growth of microorganisms by alkaline treatment of activated sludge', Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 164-169.
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Sludge solubilization was induced by the alkaline-thermal treatment to investigate the cryptic growth and reduction of a large amount of activated sludge produced from wastewater treatment. Activated sludge was divided into lysate, supernatant fraction and particulate fraction for a biodegradability test by cryptic growth. Sludge was reduced up to 78% at pH 13 and 44% at pH 10 using the single alkaline-thermal treatment. Also, it was found that alkalinethermal treatment at pH 13 increased the quantity of intracellular components generated by cell lysis and promoted the power of significant cell destruction. The neutralization of pH after the solubilized activated sludge led to high biodegradability of organic carbon sources generated by cell lysis. This can be utilized in minimizing activated sludge.

Na, S-H, Shon, HK, Kim, JB, Park, HJ & Kim, J-H 2011, 'Preparation and characterization of titania nanoparticle produced from Ti-flocculated sludge with paper mill wastewater', Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 277-281.
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Sludge disposal after flocculation with paper mill wastewater is one of the most costly and environmentally problematic challenges. In this study, an effective sludge recycling process was proposed using Ti-salt coagulant instead of the currently used Fe-salt. Paper mill wastewater flocculation using TiCl4 and FeCl3 coagulants was investigated for organic removal and precipitation efficiency. A large amount of titania nanoparticle was produced after incineration of sludge of Ti-salt flocculation in paper mill wastewater. The titania nanoparticle was characterized in terms of physical and chemical properties. Results showed that the removal efficiency of organic matter at the optimum concentrations of Ti- and Fe-salt was 69% and 65%, respectively. The removal of turbidity was 99%. Titania recovered from 600 8C incineration of the settled sludge consisted of the anatase titania structure. The titania from printing paper mill wastewater showed irregularly aggregated structures with round shape of dimension of 10â15 nm as a primary crystal growth. Various dopant materialswere found to be carbon (4.3%), magnesium (0.9%), aluminium (1.9%), silicon (1.7%), sulphur (0.7%) and calcium (3.8%). 60% of acetaldehyde concentration under UV irradiation was removed with the titania nanoparticles produced from the printing paper mill wastewater.

Nghiem, LD & Cath, T 2011, 'A scaling mitigation approach during direct contact membrane distillation', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 315-322.
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Ngoc, HP, Fujita, H, Ozaki, K & Uchida, N 2011, 'Phase Angle Control of High-Frequency Resonant Currents in a Multiple Inverter System for Zone-Control Induction Heating', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 3357-3366.
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This paper presents a phase angle control method of high-frequency resonant currents in a zone-control induction heating (ZCIH) system, which consists of split working coils and multiple inverters. The ZCIH system controls the amplitude of each coil current to make the temperature distribution on the workpiece uniform. The amplitude of the coil current can be controlled in a wide range when its phase angle is adjusted to be the same with other coil currents. This paper theoretically derives the phase-angle change of the coil current in transient states, and reveals that the phase-angle change can be considered as a first-order response. A phase-angle controller was designed and examined in experiments using a two-zone ZCIH system. It is clarified that the phase angle control makes it possible to adjust the current phase angle not only in steady states but also in transient states.

Nguyen, TN, Su, SW & Nguyen, HT 2011, 'Robust Neuro-Sliding Mode Multivariable Control Strategy for Powered Wheelchairs', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 105-111.
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This paper proposes an advanced robust multivariable control strategy for a powered wheelchair system. The new control strategy is based on a combination of the systematic triangularization technique and the robust neuro-sliding mode control approach. This strategy effectively copes with parameter uncertainties and external disturbances in real-time in order to achieve robustness and optimal performance of a multivariable system. This novel strategy reduces coupling effects on a multivariable system, eliminates chattering phenomena, and avoids the plant Jacobian calculation problem. Furthermore, the strategy can also achieve fast and global convergence using less computation. The effectiveness of the new multivariable control strategy is verified in real-time implementation on a powered wheelchair system. The obtained results confirm that robustness and desired performance of the overall system are guaranteed, even under parameter uncertainty and external disturbance effects. © 2010 IEEE.

Nguyen, TT, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, Phuntsho, S & Li, J 2011, 'A new sponge tray bioreactor in primary treated sewage effluent treatment', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5444-5447.
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The new attached growth sponge tray bioreactor (STB) was evaluated at different operating conditions for removing organics and nutrients from primary treated sewage effluent. This STB was also assessed when using as a pre-treatment prior to micro-filtration (MF) for reducing membrane fouling. At a short hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 40min, the STB could remove up to 92% of DOC and 40-56% of T-N and T-P at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.4kg COD/m3 spongeday. This OLR is the best for the STB as compared to the OLRs of 0.6, 1.2 and 3.6kg COD/m3 spongeday. At 28mL/min of flow velocity (FV), STB achieved the highest efficiencies with 92% of DOC, 87.4% of T-P, and 54.8% of T-N removal. Finally, at the optimal OLR and FV, the STB could remove almost 90% of organic and nutrient, significantly reduce membrane fouling with HRT of only 120min. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.

Nguyen, TV & Pham, LT 2011, 'Scientific output and its relationship to knowledge economy: an analysis of ASEAN countries', Scientometrics, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 107-117.
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This article seeks to examine the relationship between scientific output and knowledge economy index in 10 South East Asian countries (ASEAN). Using bibliometric data of the Institute of Scientific Information, we analyzed the number of scientific articles published in international peer-reviewed journals between 1991 and 2010 for Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, and Singapore. During the 20-year period, scientists from the ASEAN countries have published 165,020 original articles in ISI indexed journals, which represents ~0.5% of the world scientific output. Singapore led the region with the highest number of publications (accounting for 45% of the countries' total publications), followed by Thailand (21%), Malaysia (16%), Vietnam (6%), Indonesia and the Philippines (5% each). The number of scientific articles from those countries has increased by 13% per year, with the rate of increase being highest in Thailand and Malaysia, and lowest in Indonesia and the Philippines. At the country level, the correlation between knowledge economy index and scientific output was 0.94. Based on the relationship between scientific output and knowledge economy, we identified 4 clusters of countries: Singapore as the first group; Thailand and Malaysia in the second group; Vietnam, Indonesia and the Philippines in the third group; and Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Brunei in the fourth group. These data suggested that there was a strong relationship between scientific research and the degree of 'knowledgization' of economy. © 2011 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.

Nguyen, TV, Zhang, R, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH, Kandasamy, J & Mathes, P 2011, 'Removal of organic matter from effluents by Magnetic Ion Exchange (MIEX (R))', DESALINATION, vol. 276, no. 1-3, pp. 96-102.
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Magnetic Ion Exchange Resin (MIEX®) is effective in removing the majority of organic carbon from biologically treated wastewater. It removed 77% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from synthetic wastewater when operated in batch mode using a MIEX® concentration of 10. mL/L. A pseudo second-order reaction rate model namely the Ho model was used for the kinetic study and it was found that it provided a realistic description of the adsorption kinetics of DOC. A fluidised bed MIEX® contactor effectively removed organic matter from synthetic biologically treated sewage effluent with more than 60% DOC removal even after 172 bed volumes. The regenerated MIEX® resin did not display any significant reduction in its ability to remove organic matter. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Ni, B, Liu, H, Nie, Y, Zeng, RJ, Du, G, Chen, J & Yu, H 2011, 'Coupling glucose fermentation and homoacetogenesis for elevated acetate production: Experimental and mathematical approaches', Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 345-353.
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AbstractHomoacetogenesis is an important potential hydrogen sink in acetogenesis, in which hydrogen is used to reduce carbon dioxide to acetate. So far the acetate production from homoacetogenesis, especially its kinetics, has not been given sufficient attention. In this work, enhanced production of acetate from anaerobic conversion of glucose through coupling glucose fermentation and homoacetogenesis is investigated with both experimental and mathematical approaches. Experiments are conducted to explore elevated acetate production in a coupled anaerobic system. Acetate production could be achieved by homoacetogenesis with a relative high acetate yield under mixed fermentation conditions. With the experimental observations, a kinetic model is formulated to describe such a homoacetogenic process. The maximum homoacetogenic rate (km,homo) is estimated to be 28.5 ± 1.7 kg COD kg−1 COD day−1 with an uptake affinity constant of 3.7 × 10−5 ± 3.1 × 10−6 kg COD m−3. The improved calculation of homoacetogenic kinetics by our approach could correct the underestimation of homoacetogenesis in anaerobic fermentation processes, as it often occurs in these systems supported by literature analysis. The model predictions match the experimental results in different cases well and provide insights into the dynamics of anaerobic glucose conversion and acetate production. Furthermore, acetate production via homoacetogenesis increases by about 40% through utilizing the fed‐batch coupling system, attributed to a balance between the hydrogen production in the acetogenesis phase and the hydrogen consumption in the homoacetogenesis phase. This work provides an effective way for increased anaerobic acetate production, and gives us a better understanding about the homoacetogenic kinetics in the ana...

Ni, B, Xie, W, Chen, Y, Fang, F, Liu, S, Ren, T, Sheng, G, Yu, H, Liu, G & Tian, Y 2011, 'Heterotrophs grown on the soluble microbial products (SMP) released by autotrophs are responsible for the nitrogen loss in nitrifying granular sludge', Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. 108, no. 12, pp. 2844-2852.
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AbstractIn this work, nitrogen loss in the nitrite oxidation step of the nitrification process in an aerobic‐granule‐based reactor was characterized with both experimental and modeling approaches. Experimental results showed that soluble microbial products (SMP) were released from the nitrite‐oxidizing granules and were utilized as a carbon source by the heterotrophs for denitrification. This was verified by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Microelectrode tests showed that oxygen diffusion limitation did result in an anoxic micro‐zone in the granules and allowed sequential utilization of nitrate as an electron acceptor for heterotrophic denitrification with SMP as a carbon source. To further elucidate the nitrogen loss mechanisms, a mathematic model was formulated to describe the growth of nitrite oxidizers, the formation and consumption of SMP, the anoxic heterotrophic growth on SMP and nitrate, as well as the oxygen transfer and the substrate diffusion in the granules. The results clearly indicate that the heterotrophs grown on the SMP released by the autotrophs are responsible for the nitrogen loss in the nitrifying granules, and give us a better understanding of the aerobic granules for nitrogen removal. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 2844–2852. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Ni, B, Zeng, RJ, Fang, F, Xie, W, Xu, J, Sheng, G, Sun, Y & Yu, H 2011, 'Evaluation on factors influencing the heterotrophic growth on the soluble microbial products of autotrophs', Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. 108, no. 4, pp. 804-812.
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AbstractIn this work, the heterotrophic growth on the microbial products of autotrophs and the effecting factors were evaluated with both experimental and modeling approaches. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis illustrated that ammonia oxidizers (AOB), nitrite oxidizers (NOB), and heterotrophs accounted for about 65%, 20%, and 15% of the total bacteria, respectively. The mathematical evaluation of experimental data reported in literature indicated that heterotrophic growth in nitrifying biofilm (30–50%) and granules (30%) was significantly higher than that of nitrifying sludge (15%). It was found that low influent ammonium resulted in a lower availability of soluble microbial products (SMP) and a slower heterotrophic growth, but high ammonium (>150 mg N L−1) feeding would lead to purely AOB dominated sludge with high biomass‐associated products contained effluent, although the absolute heterotrophic growth increased. Meanwhile, the total active biomass concentration increased gradually with the increasing solids retention time, whereas the factions of active AOB, NOB, and heterotrophs varied a lot at different solids retention times. This work could be useful for better understanding of the autotrophic wastewater treatment systems. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:804–812. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Ni, B-J, Rittmann, BE & Yu, H-Q 2011, 'Soluble microbial products and their implications in mixed culture biotechnology', Trends in Biotechnology, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 454-463.
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Ni, B-J, Ruscalleda, M, Pellicer-Nàcher, C & Smets, BF 2011, 'Modeling Nitrous Oxide Production during Biological Nitrogen Removal via Nitrification and Denitrification: Extensions to the General ASM Models', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 45, no. 18, pp. 7768-7776.
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Ni, B-J, Sheng, G-P & Yu, H-Q 2011, 'Model-based characterization of endogenous maintenance, cell death and predation processes of activated sludge in sequencing batch reactors', Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 747-754.
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Ni, W, Chen, Z, Suzuki, H & Collings, IB 2011, 'On the Performance of Semi-Orthogonal User Selection with Limited Feedback', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 1359-1361.
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Nizami, S, Green, JR & McGregor, C 2011, 'Service oriented architecture to support real-time implementation of artifact detection in critical care monitoring', 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, vol. 24, pp. 4925-4928.
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Oberst, S & Lai, JCS 2011, 'Chaos in brake squeal noise', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 330, no. 5, pp. 955-975.
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Oberst, S & Lai, JCS 2011, 'Statistical analysis of brake squeal noise', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 330, no. 12, pp. 2978-2994.
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Ocko, SA, Chen, X, Zeng, B, Yoshida, B, Ji, Z, Ruskai, MB & Chuang, IL 2011, 'Quantum Codes Give Counterexamples to the Unique Preimage Conjecture of theN-Representability Problem', Physical Review Letters, vol. 106, no. 11.
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Oh, H-J & Pradhan, B 2011, 'Application of a neuro-fuzzy model to landslide-susceptibility mapping for shallow landslides in a tropical hilly area', Computers & Geosciences, vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 1264-1276.
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Okour, Y, Shon, HK, Liu, H, Kim, JB & Kim, JH 2011, 'Seasonal variation in the properties of titania photocatalysts produced from Ti-salt flocculated bioresource sludge', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5545-5549.
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Ti-salt flocculation of biologically treated sewage effluent (BTSE) was carried out on monthly basis during one year to trace the seasonal variation in the properties of BTSE, Ti-salt flocculated BTSE and titania photocatalysts. Titania photocatalysts were produced from incineration of Ti-salt flocculated sludge at 600 °C. The physio-chemical properties of BTSE, Ti-salt flocculated BTSE and titania photocatalysts were investigated. The photocatalytic activity of titania was examined using different substrates of rhodamine B and humic acid under UV light irradiation. Results indicated that the flocculation performance of Ti-salt was not affected by the seasonal variation of BTSE. BTSE characteristics resulted in marginal effect in titania characterisation and photocatalytic activity. Titania photocatalysts produced from Ti-salt flocculated sludge in different seasons showed constant anatase phase, high BET surface area and high photocatalytic activity.

Ong, HC, Mahlia, TMI & Masjuki, HH 2011, 'A review on emissions and mitigation strategies for road transport in Malaysia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 3516-3522.
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Ong, HC, Mahlia, TMI & Masjuki, HH 2011, 'A review on energy scenario and sustainable energy in Malaysia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 639-647.
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Ong, HC, Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH & Norhasyima, RS 2011, 'Comparison of palm oil, Jatropha curcas and Calophyllum inophyllum for biodiesel: A review', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 3501-3515.
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Otoom, AF, Gunes, H, Concha, OP & Piccardi, M 2011, 'MLiT: mixtures of Gaussians under linear transformations', PATTERN ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 193-205.
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The curse of dimensionality hinders the effectiveness of density estimation in high dimensional spaces. Many techniques have been proposed in the past to discover embedded, locally linear manifolds of lower dimensionality, including the mixture of principal component analyzers, the mixture of probabilistic principal component analyzers and the mixture of factor analyzers. In this paper, we propose a novel mixture model for reducing dimensionality based on a linear transformation which is not restricted to be orthogonal nor aligned along the principal directions. For experimental validation, we have used the proposed model for classification of five 'hard' data sets and compared its accuracy with that of other popular classifiers. The performance of the proposed method has outperformed that of the mixture of probabilistic principal component analyzers on four out of the five compared data sets with improvements ranging from 0. 5 to 3.2%. Moreover, on all data sets, the accuracy achieved by the proposed method outperformed that of the Gaussian mixture model with improvements ranging from 0.2 to 3.4%. © 2011 Springer-Verlag London Limited.

Paisitkriangkrai, S, Mei, T, Zhang, J & Hua, X-S 2011, 'Clip-based hierarchical representation for near-duplicate video detection', International Journal of Computer Mathematics, vol. 88, no. 18, pp. 3817-3833.
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Pan, HH, Wang, ZK, Lim, HS, Ng, SC, Zhang, VL, Kuok, MH, Tran, TT & Lu, XM 2011, 'Hypersonic confined eigenvibrations of gold nano-octahedra', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 98, no. 13, pp. 133123-133123.
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The size-dependence of the vibrational mode frequencies of octahedron-shaped gold nanocrystals has been measured by micro-Brillouin spectroscopy. A finite element analysis reveals that the nine well-resolved peaks observed are due to confined acoustic modes with each peak arising from more than one mode. The elastic constants of the nanocrystals are found to be comparable to those of bulk gold crystals. Findings suggest that the eigenfrequencies of any free regular-shaped homogeneous object always scale with its inverse linear dimension. Additionally, this universal relationship is valid for such objects of any size in the classical regime and is independent of elastic properties.

Pan, SJ, Tsang, IW, Kwok, JT & Yang, Q 2011, 'Domain Adaptation via Transfer Component Analysis', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 199-210.
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Domain adaptation allows knowledge from a source domain to be transferred to a different but related target domain. Intuitively, discovering a good feature representation across domains is crucial. In this paper, we first propose to find such a representation through a new learning method, transfer component analysis (TCA), for domain adaptation. TCA tries to learn some transfer components across domains in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space using maximum mean miscrepancy. In the subspace spanned by these transfer components, data properties are preserved and data distributions in different domains are close to each other. As a result, with the new representations in this subspace, we can apply standard machine learning methods to train classifiers or regression models in the source domain for use in the target domain. Furthermore, in order to uncover the knowledge hidden in the relations between the data labels from the source and target domains, we extend TCA in a semisupervised learning setting, which encodes label information into transfer components learning. We call this extension semisupervised TCA. The main contribution of our work is that we propose a novel dimensionality reduction framework for reducing the distance between domains in a latent space for domain adaptation. We propose both unsupervised and semisupervised feature extraction approaches, which can dramatically reduce the distance between domain distributions by projecting data onto the learned transfer components. Finally, our approach can handle large datasets and naturally lead to out-of-sample generalization. The effectiveness and efficiency of our approach are verified by experiments on five toy datasets and two real-world applications: cross-domain indoor WiFi localization and cross-domain text classification. © 2010 IEEE.

Panigrahi, SK & Zhang, YX 2011, 'Investigation of Damage Growth in Single Lap Joints of Composite Laminates', Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 1223-1244.
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Panozzo, D, Puppo, E, Tarini, M, Pietroni, N & Cignoni, P 2011, 'Automatic Construction of Quad-Based Subdivision Surfaces Using Fitmaps.', IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., vol. 17, pp. 1510-1520.
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Park, C-H, Tijing, LD, Yun, Y & Kim, CS 2011, 'A novel electrical potential sensing method for in vitro stent fracture monitoring and detection', Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 213-222.
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This article describes a preliminary investigation and prototype fabrication of a novel potential sensing method to continuously monitor vascular stent fractures. A potential measurement system consisting of Wheatstone bridge circuit and signal conditioning circuit was designed for the cardiovascular stent durability and fatigue test. Each end of a bare and polyurethane-covered Nitinol vascular stent was electrically connected to the potential measurement system and then immersed either in simulated body fluid (SBF) media or distilled water at 36.4 ± 1 °C. When the stent experienced fracture (i.e., a cut), its electrical potential decreased with an increase in electrical resistance. This method successfully measured fractures in the stent regardless of location. Furthermore, the number of cycles at the onset of stent fracture was accurately detected and continuously monitored using this technique. Thus, the present fracture detection method, which to our knowledge is the first ever report to use electrical potential measurement for stent durability test, gives a fast, real-time, accurate and efficient detection of fractures in stent during in vitro fatigue and durability test.

PARVIN, S, HUSSAIN, FK, HAN, S & HUSSAIN, OK 2011, 'TRUST-BASED SPECTRUM SHARING FOR COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS', Journal of Interconnection Networks, vol. 12, no. 03, pp. 155-171.
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Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) is a promising technology which deals with shared spectrum access and usage in order to improve the utilization of limited radio spectrum resources for future wireless communications and mobile computing. Security becomes a very challenging issue in CRNs as different types of attacks are very common to cognitive radio technology compared to general wireless networks. The proper working of cognitive radio and the functionality of CRNs relies on the compliant behaviour of the secondary user. In order to address this issue, we propose two approaches in this paper. Firstly, we propose a trust aware model to authenticate the secondary users of CRNs which offers a reliable technique to provide a security-conscious decision by using trust evaluation for CRNs. Secondly, we propose an analytical model for analyzing the availability of spectrum in CRNs using a stochastic approach. We have modeled and analyzed the availability of free spectrum for the usage of secondary users by adopting different activities in a spectrum management scheme to improve the spectrum availability in CRNs.

Paul, G, Webb, S, Liu, D & Dissanayake, G 2011, 'Autonomous robot manipulator-based exploration and mapping system for bridge maintenance', ROBOTICS AND AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS, vol. 59, no. 7-8, pp. 543-554.
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This paper presents a system for Autonomous eXploration to Build A Map (AXBAM) of an unknown, 3D complex steel bridge structure using a 6 degree-of-freedom anthropomorphic robot manipulator instrumented with a laser range scanner. The proposed algorithm considers the trade-off between the predicted environment information gain available from a sensing viewpoint and the manipulator joint angle changes required to position a sensor at that viewpoint, and then obtains collision-free paths through safe, previously explored regions. Information gathered from multiple viewpoints is fused to achieve a detailed 3D map. Experimental results show that the AXBAM system explores and builds quality maps of complex unknown regions in a consistent and timely manner. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Peng, D, Xiang, Y, Yi, Z & Yu, S 2011, 'CM-Based Blind Equalization of Time-Varying SIMO-FIR Channel With Single Pulsation Estimation', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 2410-2415.
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Perkins, AD, Waldron, KJ & Csonka, PJ 2011, 'Heuristic control of bipedal running: steady-state and accelerated', ROBOTICA, vol. 29, pp. 939-947.
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Pettigrew, L & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Aqueous cleaning of manufactured parts/components: establishing the role of solution quality', International Journal of Sustainable Manufacturing, vol. 2, no. 2/3, pp. 127-127.
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Parts cleaning has gradually replaced solvent based cleaning during the manufacturing of parts and in maintenance workshop as a much more sustainable and cost benefit technology. In this study, the performance of aqueous parts cleaning was evaluated using two industrial parts cleaning systems. One system was equipped with a microfilter and oil skimmer to prolong the cleaning solution lifetime and the other was a generic parts cleaning system, which was not equipped with any contaminant control devices. It appears that aqueous parts cleaning could offer a high degree of cleanliness suitable for most typical maintenance workshops. However, the cleaning equipment used was critical to successful aqueous cleaning. The use of a microfilter and oil skimmer can reduce the amount of residuals left on parts and significantly extend solution life. Copyright © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Pham, TQ, Perry, SW, Fletcher, PA & Ashman, RA 2011, 'Paper fingerprinting using alpha-masked image matching', IET Computer Vision, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 232-243.
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Pham, TT, Nguyen, HH & Tuan, HD 2011, 'Beamforming in Nonorthogonal Amplify-and-Forward Relay Networks', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 1258-1263.
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This paper considers wireless amplify-and-forward (AF) relay networks in which the source communicates with the relays and destination in the first phase and the relays simultaneously forward signals to the destination in the second phase over uncorrelat

Pham, TTN, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, Dang, HPD, Mainali, B, Johnston, A & Listowski, A 2011, 'Responses of community to the possible use of recycled water for washing machines: A case study in Sydney, Australia', RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 535-540.
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Recycled water is a valuable resource that has potential to free up potable water supplies and recharge systems while improving the environment. Recycled water for washing machine could be one of the options as new end use of recycled water to alleviate the demand on existing and limited water supplies. This paper summarizes the findings of a research survey in Sydney, Australia to explore the attitudes and opinions of community towards the use of recycled water for different purposes, especially for the washing machine. The survey showed that 97% of the respondents were aware of the persisting water shortage problem while more than 60% of the respondents supported the use of recycled water for washing clothes. This paper exposes the basic concern of participants for using recycled water in washing machine. Health issue was found as the most concerns of the community. The survey also presents the further conditions to be considered for using recycled water for washing machine according to the participants' opinions. Correlation between knowledge and attitudes of respondents was also found in this survey.

Phuntsho, S, Listowski, A, Shon, HK, Le-Clech, P & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Membrane autopsy of a 10 year old hollow fibre membrane from Sydney Olympic Park water reclamation plant', DESALINATION, vol. 271, no. 1-3, pp. 241-247.
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Membrane autopsy was performed for a 10. year old polypropylene (PP) hollow fibre microfiltration membrane from Sydney Olympic Park water reclamation plant. The properties of the membrane were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging, contact angle, bubble test, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile strength test and functional group. The old and fouled membrane exhibited a significant difference in surface properties and material strength in comparison to the virgin membrane. The old and fouled membrane surface is less hydrophilic and less negatively charged indicating that aged membrane is more vulnerable to fouling than virgin membrane. The fibre material of the old fouled membrane appears less flexible and brittle. Foulant analysis indicated that major components of the metallic elements were silicon and calcium. The dissolved organic matter was mainly composed of biopolymers (hydrophilic) and humic substances (hydrophobic). © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Phuntsho, S, Shon, HK, Hong, S, Lee, S & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'A novel low energy fertilizer driven forward osmosis desalination for direct fertigation: Evaluating the performance of fertilizer draw solutions', JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, vol. 375, no. 1-2, pp. 172-181.
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Forward osmosis (FO) is a novel and emerging low energy technology for desalination. It will be particularly more attractive, if the draw solution separation and recovery are not necessary after FO process. The application of this new concept is briefly described here in this paper for the desalination of saline water for irrigation, using fertilizer as a draw agent. Instead of separating the draw solution from desalinated water, the diluted fertilizer draw solution can be directly applied for fertigation. We report the results on the commonly used chemical fertilizers as FO draw solution. Based on the currently available FO technology, about nine different commonly used fertilizers were finally screened from a comprehensive list of fertilizers and, their performances were assessed in terms of pure water flux and reverse draw solute flux. These results indicate that, most soluble fertilizers can generate osmotic potential much higher than the sea water. The draw solutions of KCl, NaNO3 and KNO3 performed best in terms of water flux while NH4H2PO4, (NH4)2HPO4, Ca(NO3)2 and (NH4)2SO4 had the lowest reverse solute flux. Initial estimation indicates that, 1kg of fertilizer can extract water ranging from 11 to 29L from sea water. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Phuntsho, S, Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S & Cho, J 2011, 'Assessing membrane fouling potential of humic acid using flow field-flow fractionation', JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, vol. 373, no. 1-2, pp. 64-73.
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Flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF), although a separation technique, has many similarities with the crossflow membrane filtration system, thereby making it an ideal tool for studying membrane fouling. This study reports the assessment of the fouling potential of humic acid on ultrafiltration membrane using asymmetrical FlFFF. The fouling potential of organic matter was assessed by quantifying the reversible and irreversible adsorption of humic acid on the membrane through analysis of FlFFF fractogram. A strong correlation was observed between the reversible/irreversible adsorption data analysed and the membrane fouling potential. This assessment was further complimented by moment analysis results in order to interpret the fouling potential of humic acid. However, further researches are necessary before this approach can serve as an alternative index for measuring membrane fouling propensity. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Pietroni, N, Corsini, M, Cignoni, P & Scopigno, R 2011, 'An Interactive Local Flattening Operator to Support Digital Investigations on Artwork Surfaces.', IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., vol. 17, pp. 1989-1996.
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Pietroni, N, Tarini, M, Sorkine, O & Zorin, D 2011, 'Global parametrization of range image sets', ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 1-10.
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We present a method to globally parameterize a surface represented by height maps over a set of planes (range images). In contrast to other parametrization techniques, we do not start with a manifold mesh. The parametrization we compute defines a manifold structure, it is seamless and globally smooth, can be aligned to geometric features and shows good quality in terms of angle and area preservation, comparable to current parametrization techniques for meshes. Computing such global seamless parametrization makes it possible to perform quad remeshing, texture mapping and texture synthesis and many other types of geometry processing operations. Our approach is based on a formulation of the Poisson equation on a manifold structure defined for the surface by the range images. Construction of such global parametrization requires only a way to project surface data onto a set of planes, and can be applied directly to implicit surfaces, nonmanifold surfaces, very large meshes, and collections of range scans. We demonstrate application of our technique to all these geometry types.

Pirasteh, S, Pradhan, B & Rizvi, SM 2011, 'Tectonic process analysis in Zagros Mountain with the aid of drainage networks and topography maps dated 1950–2001 in GIS', Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 4, no. 1-2, pp. 171-180.
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Pirasteh, S, Pradhan, B & Rizvi, SM 2011, 'تحليل الحركات الزلزالية و العمليات التكتونيه لجبال زاجروس في جنوب إيران بأستحدام و تحليل خرائط متعددة زمنيا لاتجاهات ومسارات المجاري المائية الطبيعية والأنهار منذ العام-2001 في بيئيه نظم المعلومات الجغرافية', Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 171.

Pongchaiyakul, C, Kotruchin, P, Wanothayaroj, E & Nguyen, TV 2011, 'An innovative prognostic model for predicting diabetes risk in the Thai population', Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 193-198.
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Objective: To estimate the prevalence and type 2 diabetes, and to develop a prognostic model for identifying individuals at high risk of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. Research design and methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional investigation with 4314 participants of Thai background, aged between 15 and 85 years (mean age: 48). Fasting plasma glucose was initially measured, and repeated if the first measurement was more than 126 mg/dl. Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed using the World Health Organizations criteria. Logistic regression model was used to develop prognostic models for men and women separately. The prognostic performance of the model was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and a nomogram was constructed from the logistic regression model. Results: The overall prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 7.4% (n = 125/1693) in men and 3.4% (n = 98/2621) in women. In either gender, the prevalence increased with age and body mass index (BMI). Gender, age, BMI and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were independently associated with type 2 diabetes risk. Based on the estimated parameters of model, a nomogram was constructed for predicting diabetes separated by gender. The AUC for the model with 3 factors was 0.75. Conclusions: These data suggest that the combination of age, BMI and systolic blood pressure could help identify Thai individuals at high risk of undiagnosed diabetes.

Pradhan, B 2011, 'An Assessment of the Use of an Advanced Neural Network Model with Five Different Training Strategies for the Preparation of Landslide Susceptibility Maps', Journal of Data Science, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 65-81.
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Pradhan, B 2011, 'Hydro-Chemical Analysis of the Ground Water of the Basaltic Catchments: Upper Bhatsai Region, Maharastra', The Open Hydrology Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 51-57.
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Pradhan, B 2011, 'Manifestation of an advanced fuzzy logic model coupled with Geo-information techniques to landslide susceptibility mapping and their comparison with logistic regression modelling', Environmental and Ecological Statistics, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 471-493.
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Pradhan, B 2011, 'Use of GIS-based fuzzy logic relations and its cross application to produce landslide susceptibility maps in three test areas in Malaysia', Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 329-349.
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Pradhan, B & Youssef, AM 2011, 'A 100-year maximum flood susceptibility mapping using integrated hydrological and hydrodynamic models: Kelantan River Corridor, Malaysia', Journal of Flood Risk Management, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 189-202.
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Pradhan, B, Mansor, S, Pirasteh, S & Buchroithner, MF 2011, 'Landslide hazard and risk analyses at a landslide prone catchment area using statistical based geospatial model', International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol. 32, no. 14, pp. 4075-4087.
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Pradhan, M, Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2011, 'Application of air flow for mitigation of particle deposition in submerged membrane microfiltration', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 201-207.
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This study investigates the effect of microfiltration operating conditions on membrane fouling of colloidal particles of kaolin clay. Experiments were conducted with a flat sheet membrane submerged in a suspension prepared from kaolin clay powder of size varying from 0.1 to 4 mm (Sigma) with a mean particle size 2.10 mm. The particle size distribution of clay was unimodal and the concentration of kaolin clay was similar to the biomass concentration in a membrane bioreactor (10 g/L). The effects of scouring and permeate flux rates were studied in terms of the membrane fouling rate. A linear relationship between the transmembrane pressure (TMP) and particle deposition was established for different air flow rates and permeate flow rates. Air scouring was more effective at a low permeate flux. There was only a minor change in the mean particle size of deposited colloidal particles on the membrane at a given flux under varying air flows and at the beginning all had a similar rise in TMP. However, at the later stages as particles accumulated on the membrane surface there was a significant rise in TMP. 15 LMH flux was observed as critical flux beyond which a rise in the permeate flux showed a sharp rise in the TMP which varied with air flow rates and particle deposition. The sharp TMP rise that occurred during the initial few hours of operation indicated that air flow for fouling mitigation strategies should target this period to optimise the membrane process. The study showed that air flow and flux rates are the two major governing factors for particle deposition on the membrane surface.

Purba, JH, Lu, J, Zhang, G & Ruan, D 2011, 'Failure possibilities for nuclear safety assessment by fault tree analysis', International Journal of Nuclear Knowledge Management, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 162-162.
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Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a deductive tool to assess the safety of nuclear power plants. This analysis can only be implemented if all basic events in the tree have their corresponding failure rates. Therefore, safety analysts have to provide those failure rates well in advance. However, it is often difficult to obtain those failure rates due to insufficient data, changing environment or new components. This paper proposes a failure possibility based FTA approach to overcome the limitation of the conventional FTA for nuclear safety assessment. It utilises the concept of failure possibilities to evaluate basic event failure without historical data, fuzzy numbers to map component failure possibilities into mathematical form and defuzzification algorithms to convert fuzzy numbers into component failure rates. A case study on evaluating a typical high pressure core spray system of a boiling water reactor illustrates the applicability of the proposed approach.

Qin, L, Yu, JX & Chang, L 2011, 'Scalable keyword search on large data streams.', VLDB J., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 35-57.
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It is widely recognized that the integration of information retrieval (IR) and database (DB) techniques provides users with a broad range of high quality services. Along this direction, IR-styled m-keyword query processing over a relational database in an rdbms framework has been well studied. It finds all hidden interconnected tuple structures, for example connected trees that contain keywords and are interconnected by sequences of primary/foreign key relationships among tuples. A new challenging issue is how to monitor events that are implicitly interrelated over an open-ended relational data stream for a user-given m-keyword query. Such a relational data stream is a sequence of tuple insertion/deletion operations. The difficulty of the problem is related to the number of costly joins to be processed over time when tuples are inserted and/or deleted. Such cost is mainly affected by three parameters, namely, the number of keywords, the maximum size of interconnected tuple structures, and the complexity of the database schema when it is viewed as a schema graph. In this paper, we propose new approaches. First, we propose a novel algorithm to efficiently determine all the joins that need to be processed for answering an m-keyword query. Second, we propose a new demand-driven approach to process such a query over a high speed relational data stream. We show that we can achieve high efficiency by significantly reducing the number of intermediate results when processing joins over a relational data stream. The proposed new techniques allow us to achieve high scalability in terms of both query plan generation and query plan execution. We conducted extensive experimental studies using synthetic data and real data to simulate a relational data stream. Our approach significantly outperforms existing algorithms. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

Qin, P-Y, Guo, YJ, Cai, Y, Dutkiewicz, E & Liang, C-H 2011, 'A Reconfigurable Antenna With Frequency and Polarization Agility', IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, vol. 10, pp. 1373-1376.
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A new antenna with both frequency and polarization reconfigurability is presented. The antenna consists of a square microstrip patch with a single probe feed located along the diagonal line. The center of each edge of the patch is connected to a shorting post via a p-i-n diode for polarization switching and two varactor diodes for frequency tuning. By switching between the different states of the p-i-n diodes, the proposed antenna can produce radiation patterns with horizontal, vertical, or 45° linear polarization. By varying the dc bias voltage, the operating frequency of each polarization of the antenna can be independently tuned. The frequency tuning range is from 1.35 to 2.25 GHz (|S11| <; -10 dB) for either horizontal or vertical polarization and from 1.35 to 1.9 GHz for the 45° linear polarization. Measured results on frequency tuning ranges and radiation patterns agree well with numerical simulations.

Rahman, BMA, Uthman, M, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A & Grattan, KTV 2011, 'Design of bent photonic crystal fiber supporting a single polarization', Applied Optics, vol. 50, no. 35, pp. 6505-6505.
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Rahman, MM, Billah, MM, Rahman, ATMM, Kalam, MA & Ahsan, A 2011, 'Numerical investigation of heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids in an inclined lid-driven triangular enclosure', International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 1360-1367.
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Rajab, JM, Jafri, MZM, Lim, HS & Abdullah, K 2011, 'Monthly Distribution Map of Carbon Monoxide (CO) from AIRS over Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak for the year 2003', PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 19, pp. 89-96.

Ranga, Y, Matekovits, L, Esselle, KP & Weily, AR 2011, 'Multioctave Frequency Selective Surface Reflector for Ultrawideband Antennas', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, pp. 219-222.
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In this letter, we demonstrate the gain enhancement of an ultrawideband (UWB) antenna, achieved using an appropriately designed multioctave dual-layer frequency selective surface (FSS) reflector. The proposed novel FSS reflects effectively in phase over a bandwidth of about 120%. Hence, significant enhancement in antenna gain has been achieved with a low-profile configuration without compromising the impedance bandwidth of the UWB antenna. The proposed FSS reflector has a low transmission coefficient and linearly decreasing phase over an ultra-wide frequency band, which is the key requirement for providing an effectively in-phase reflection at the antenna plane. The composite structure is compact, with a total height of λ/4, where λ is the free-space wavelength at the lowest operating frequency of 3 GHz. Experimental results show an impedance bandwidth of 122%. The antenna gain is maintained around 7.5 dBi from 3 to 7 GHz. Between 714 GHz, the antenna is more directie with a gain of about 9 dBi with ± 0.5 dB variation. Experimental measurements confirm the predicted wideband antenna performance and gain enhancement due to the FSS reflector. © 2011 IEEE.

Raza, M, Hussain, OK, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2011, 'Maturity, distance and density (MD2) metrics for optimizing trust prediction for business intelligence', JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 285-300.
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The modelling and management of trust between interacting parties are crucial parts of the overall business intelligence strategy for any organization. Predicting trust values is a key element of modelling and managing trust. It is of critical importance when the interaction is to be conducted at a future point in time. In the existing body of work, there are a few approaches for predicting trust. However, none of these approaches proposes a framework or methodology by which the predicted trust value can be considered in light of its accuracy or confidence level. This is a key element in order to ensure optimized trust prediction. In this paper, we propose a methodology to address this critical issue. The methodology comprises a suite of metricsmaturity, distance and density (MD2) which are capable of capturing various aspects of the confidence level in the predicted trust value. The proposed methodology is exemplified with the help of case studies.

Regmi, G, Indraratna, B, Nghiem, LD & Banasiak, L 2011, 'Evaluating waste concrete for the treatment of acid sulphate soil groundwater from coastal floodplains', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 126-132.
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Regmi, G, Indraratna, B, Nghiem, LD, Golab, A & Prasad, BG 2011, 'Treatment of Acidic Groundwater in Acid Sulfate Soil Terrain Using Recycled Concrete: Column Experiments', Journal of Environmental Engineering, vol. 137, no. 6, pp. 433-443.
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Rogner, HH, Sharma, D & Jalal, AI 2011, 'Greenhous gas emissions and electricity generation technologies: Some emerging trends', International Energy Journal, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 201-218.
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This paper develops - for a select, yet significant group of countries - a panoramic overview of the changes in the electricity generation technology-fuel-mix, in the backdrop of emerging concerns about global warming and the contribution of the electricity industry to such warming. This overview is based on extended case studies developed by individual country experts, as part of a research project undertaken under the aegis of the International Atomic Energy Agency (United Nations). Each case study essentially employs a technological optimization model (for example, MESSAGE), driven by a range of scenarios that reflect the technological, economic and policy positions under consideration by various countries. The results of such studies are then contextualized in this paper, and supplemented with additional analyses, in order to draw broader inferences. The analyses suggests that over the next twenty years or so, there is likely to be a significant transformation in the electricity technology (fuel) landscapes across all countries, especially the BRIC group of countries. Broad contours of such a transformation are likely to include continuing dominance by thermal electricity especially coal; increased gas-based capacity, yet lower than expected share of gas-based electricity due mainly to its appropriateness as a peaking fuel - thus raising questions about the 'dash-for-gas' argument; small yet noticeable decline in the share of hydroelectricity, suggesting continuing influence of environmental considerations of large hydro-electric projects and the conflicts between the use of water resources for irrigation and electricity generation; rapid increase of nuclear-based capacity and generation, reflecting its appropriateness as a reliable base-load source of electricity in a carbon constrained world; and the lower than expected contribution from small-scale renewable technologies, due to the intermittency of their availability, and the historic institutio...

Roohani-Esfahani, S-I, Lu, Z & Zreiqat, H 2011, 'Novel, simple and reproducible method for preparation of composite hierarchal porous structure scaffolds', Materials Letters, vol. 65, no. 17-18, pp. 2578-2581.
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Roohani-Esfahani, SI, Nouri-Khorasani, S, Lu, ZF, Appleyard, RC & Zreiqat, H 2011, 'Effects of bioactive glass nanoparticles on the mechanical and biological behavior of composite coated scaffolds', Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1307-1318.
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Ruta, D, Gabrys, B & Lemke, C 2011, 'A Generic Multilevel Architecture for Time Series Prediction', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 350-359.
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Ruzinoor, CM, Shariff, ARM, Mahmud, AR & Pradhan, B 2011, 'Online 3D Terrain Visualization: Implementation and Testing', Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 18, pp. 3247-3257.
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Sabbagh, AA, Braun, R & Abolhasan, M 2011, 'A comprehensive survey on rat selection algorithms for heterogeneous networks', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 73, pp. 141-145.
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Due to the coexistence of different Radio Access Technologies (RATs), Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWN) are predicted to be heterogeneous in nature. The coexistence of different RATs requires a need for Common Radio Resource Management (CRRM) to support the provision of Quality of Service (QoS) and the efficient utilization of radio resources. RAT selection algorithms are part of the CRRM algorithms. Simply, their role is to verify if an incoming call will be suitable to fit into a heterogeneous wireless network, and to decide which of the available RATs is most suitable to fit the need of the incoming call and admit it. Guaranteeing the requirements of QoS for all accepted calls and at the same time being able to provide the most efficient utilization of the available radio resources is the goal of RAT selection algorithm. The normal call admission control algorithms are designed for homogeneous wireless networks and they do not provide a solution to fit a heterogeneous wireless network which represents the NGWN. Therefore, there is a need to develop RAT selection algorithm for heterogeneous wireless network. In this paper, we propose an approach for RAT selection which includes receiving different criteria, assessing and making decisions, then selecting the most suitable RAT for incoming calls. A comprehensive survey of different RAT selection algorithms for a heterogeneous wireless network is studied.

Saberi, M, Shahriari, A, Tarnian, F, Jafari, M & Safari, H 2011, 'Influence of some chemical compounds on germination and early seedling growth of two range species under allelopathic conditions', Frontiers of Agriculture in China, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 310-321.
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Sadat Hosseini, SS, Jafarnejad, A, Behrooz, AH & Gandomi, AH 2011, 'Combined heat and power economic dispatch by mesh adaptive direct search algorithm', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 6556-6564.
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Saha, S, Hussein, AK, Saha, G & Hussain, SH 2011, 'Mixed convection in a tilted lid-driven square enclosure with adiabatic cylinder at the center', International Journal of Heat and Technology, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 143-156.
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The problem of two-dimensional laminer mixed convection in a tilted lid-driven square enclosure in the presence of adiabatic cylinder at the center is formulated and studied numerically using the combined finite element method. In the present investigation, parametric studies are carried out for the variation of the inclination angles and Richardson numbers, while keeping Reynolds number equal to 100 and Prandtl number equal to 0.71 for the air. Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics via streamlines, isotherms and average Nusselt number are also presented. The results indicate that for all Richardson numbers considered in the present study, the flow and thermal fields eventually reach the steady state with the symmetric shape about the vertical centerline through the center of the inner circular cylinder. It is also observed that the inclination angle of the enclosure is an important parameter affecting the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics.

Saha, SC 2011, 'Scaling of free convection heat transfer in a triangular cavity for Pr> 1', Energy and Buildings, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 2908-2917.
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Saha, SC & Gu, YT 2011, 'Free convection in a triangular enclosure with fluid-saturated porous medium and internal heat generation', ANZIAM Journal, vol. 52, pp. 127-127.
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Saha, SC & Gu, YT 2011, 'Prandtl number scaling of natural convection of the flow on a heated inclined at plate', ANZIAM Journal, vol. 53, no. SUPPL.
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A new scaling analysis has been performed for the unsteady natural convection boundary layer under a downward facing inclined plate with uniform heat flux. The development of the thermal or viscous boundary layers is classified into three distinct stages including an early stage, a transitional stage and a steady stage, which is clearly identified in the analytical as well as in numerical results. Earlier scaling shows that the existing scaling laws of the boundary layer thickness, velocity and steady state time scales for the natural convection flow on a heated plate of uniform heat flux provide a very poor prediction of the Prandtl number dependency. However, those scalings performed very well with Rayleigh number and aspect ratio dependency. In this study, a modified Prandtl number scaling is developed using a triple-layer integral approach for Prandtl number larger than unity. In comparison to the direct numerical simulations, the new scaling performs considerably better than the previous scaling. © Austral. Mathematical Soc. 2012.

Saha, SC, Patterson, JC & Lei, C 2011, 'Scaling of Natural Convection of an Inclined Flat Plate: Sudden Cooling Condition', Journal of Heat Transfer, vol. 133, no. 4.
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The natural convection boundary layer adjacent to an inclined plate subject to sudden cooling boundary condition has been studied. It is found that the cold boundary layer adjacent to the plate is potentially unstable to Rayleigh–Bénard instability if the Rayleigh number exceeds a certain critical value. A scaling relation for the onset of instability of the boundary layer is achieved. The scaling relations have been developed by equating important terms of the governing equations based on the development of the boundary layer with time. The flow adjacent to the plate can be classified broadly into a conductive, a stable convective, or an unstable convective regime determined by the Rayleigh number. Proper scales have been established to quantify the flow properties in each of these flow regimes. An appropriate identification of the time when the instability may set in is discussed. A numerical verification of the time for the onset of instability is also presented in this study. Different flow regimes based on the stability of the boundary layer have been discussed with numerical results.

Saha, SC, Xu, F & Mamun Molla, M 2011, 'Scaling Analysis of the Unsteady Natural Convection Boundary Layer Adjacent to an Inclined Plate for Pr > 1 Following Instantaneous Heating', Journal of Heat Transfer, vol. 133, no. 11.
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The unsteady natural convection boundary layer adjacent to an instantaneously heated inclined plate is investigated using an improved scaling analysis and direct numerical simulations. The development of the unsteady natural convection boundary layer following instantaneous heating may be classified into three distinct stages including a start-up stage, a transitional stage, and a steady state stage, which can be clearly identified in the analytical and numerical results. Major scaling relations of the velocity and thicknesses and the flow development time of the natural convection boundary layer are obtained using triple-layer integral solutions and verified by direct numerical simulations over a wide range of flow parameters.

Saidi Mehrabad, M, Anvari, M & Saberi, M 2011, 'Targeting performance measures based on performance prediction', International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 46-68.
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Purpose: This study aims to investigate the development of predictive tools in performance measurement and management (PMM), and modeling of a forward-looking method to help managers to quantitatively target performance measures based on achieving desired improvement, minimum cost and strategic priorities. Design/methodology/approach: A case-based methodology is used to test the conceptual approach in a production system. Mathematical models are used to model modules of the proposed approach. The proposed approach is applied to an actual conventional power plant unit to show its applicability and superiority over conventional methods. Findings: The developed system enables managers to develop systematic ways to manage future performance; for example, planning, performance forecasting and target setting. The predictive ability of the developed system is comparable with the judgment of the manager in the case company. Originality/value: This paper proposes the use of mathematical models in the development of performance measures targeted on performance prediction and desired improvement. The paper also offers practical help to organizations to embed a forward-looking capability into their operations. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Saidur, R & Mahlia, TMI 2011, 'Impacts of energy efficiency standard on motor energy savings and emission reductions', Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 103-109.
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Saidur, R, Hasanuzzaman, M, Mahlia, TMI, Rahim, NA & Mohammed, HA 2011, 'Chillers energy consumption, energy savings and emission analysis in an institutional buildings', Energy, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 5233-5238.
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Saidur, R, Mahlia, TMI & Hasanuzzaman, M 2011, 'Developing energy performance standard, label and test procedures and impacts analysis for commercial chillers', Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 175-190.
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Chillers consume a major share of total air conditioning energy use in commercial and industrial buildings for space conditioning to get thermal comfort for a country. Experiences from other countries show that government intervention in the form of regulations such as mandatory and voluntary approaches can save huge amount of energy along with the reduction of emissions associated with energy savings. In this paper, use of high efficient chillers to replace existing chillers to save energy have been quantified and presented. Emission reductions associated with the energy savings has been estimated and presented as well. Study also estimated the amount of avoided emissions along with the cost of avoided carbon. From the data analysis, it has been observed that energy efficient chillers can save huge amount of energy and utility bills. Based on review of international test standards, it has been found that ARI550/590 can be used for testing and rating of chillers energy performance. However, energy guide label is not suitable for information dissemination for chillers. Study estimated that 1688 MWh of energy and US$108,040 bill can be saved for using energy efficient chillers. © Sila Science.

Sambrook, PN, Flahive, J, Hooven, FH, Boonen, S, Chapurlat, R, Lindsay, R, Nguyen, TV, Díez-Perez, A, Pfeilschifter, J, Greenspan, SL, Hosmer, D, Netelenbos, JC, Adachi, JD, Watts, NB, Cooper, C, Roux, C, Rossini, M, Siris, ES, Silverman, S, Saag, KG, Compston, JE, LaCroix, A & Gehlbach, S 2011, 'Predicting fractures in an international cohort using risk factor algorithms without BMD', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 2770-2777.
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Abstract Clinical risk factors are associated with increased probability of fracture in postmenopausal women. We sought to compare prediction models using self-reported clinical risk factors, excluding BMD, to predict incident fracture among postmenopausal women. The GLOW study enrolled women aged 55 years or older from 723 primary-care practices in 10 countries. The population comprised 19,586 women aged 60 years or older who were not receiving antiosteoporosis medication and were followed annually for 2 years. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data on characteristics, fracture risk factors, previous fractures, and health status. The main outcome measure compares the C index for models using the WHO Fracture Risk (FRAX), the Garvan Fracture Risk Calculator (FRC), and a simple model using age and prior fracture. Over 2 years, 880 women reported incident fractures including 69 hip fractures, 468 “major fractures” (as defined by FRAX), and 583 “osteoporotic fractures” (as defined by FRC). Using baseline clinical risk factors, both FRAX and FRC showed a moderate ability to correctly order hip fracture times (C index for hip fracture 0.78 and 0.76, respectively). C indices for “major” and “osteoporotic” fractures showed lower values, at 0.61 and 0.64. Neither algorithm was better than the model based on age + fracture history alone (C index for hip fracture 0.78). In conclusion, estimation of fracture risk in an international primary-care population of postmenopausal women can be made using clinical risk factors alone without BMD. However, more sophisticated models incorporating multiple clinical risk factors including falls were not superior to more parsimonious models in predicting future fracture in this population. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Saminathan, S, Liu, H, Nguyen, TV & Vigneswaran, S 2011, 'Organic matter removal from biologically treated sewage effluent by flocculation and oxidation coupled with flocculation', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 133-137.
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Flocculation alone and flocculation coupled with oxidation process were used for removing organic matter from biologically treated sewage effluent. The performances of different flocculants such as ferric sulphate, ferric nitrate, ferric chloride, and aluminium sulphate were experimentally evaluated. Among the flocculants tested, ferric chloride was selected because of its highest dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal efficiency (67%) and the large size of the floc (mean size d(0.5) = 53.04 μm). The optimum dosage of FeCl3 was determined as 16 mg (Fe3+)/L. Different fractionation of organic matter before and after the flocculation process was analyzed. It was observed that FeCl3 could remove 90% of hydrophobic compounds and 61% of hydrophilic compounds. Oxidation process by Fenton reagent coupled with flocculation was also trialed. It is observed that DOC removal efficiency of Fenton reagent coupled with flocculation could reach 86%. The combination of flocculation and Fenton reagent increased the hydrophilic removal to 85%.

Sarker, L, Xiang, Y, Uy, B & Zhu, X 2011, 'Damage detection of circular cylindrical shells by Ritz method', Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 305, pp. 012117-012117.
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Seely, AJE, Kauffman, SA, Bates, JHT, Macklem, PT, Suki, B, Marshall, JC, Batchinsky, AI, Perez-Velazquez, JL, Seiver, A, McGregor, C, Maksym, G, Kamath, MV, Similowski, T, Buchman, TG, Letellier, C, Filoche, M, Frasch, MG, Straus, C, Glass, L, Godin, PJ, Morris, JA, Sow, D, Nenadovic, V, Arnold, RC, Norris, P & Moorman, JR 2011, 'Proceedings from the Montebello Round Table Discussion. Second annual conference on Complexity and Variability discusses research that brings innovation to the bedside', Journal of Critical Care, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 325-327.
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Sezer, EA, Pradhan, B & Gokceoglu, C 2011, 'Manifestation of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy model on landslide susceptibility mapping: Klang valley, Malaysia', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 8208-8219.
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Shafie, SM, Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH & Andriyana, A 2011, 'Current energy usage and sustainable energy in Malaysia: A review', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 4370-4377.
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Shambour, Q & Lu, J 2011, 'A Hybrid Trust-Enhanced Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Approach for Personalized Government-to-Business e-Services', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 814-843.
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The information overload on the World Wide Web results in the underuse of some existing e-government services within the business domain. Small-to-medium businesses (SMBs), in particular, are seeking 'one-to-one'' e-services from government in current highly competitive markets, and there is an imperative need to develop Web personalization techniques to provide business users with information and services specific to their needs, rather than an undifferentiated mass of information. This paper focuses on how e-governments can support businesses on the problem of selecting a trustworthy business partner to perform reliable business transactions. In the business partner selection process, trust or reputation information is crucial and has significant influence on a business user's decision regarding whether or not to do business with other business entities. For this purpose, an intelligent trust-enhanced recommendation approach to provide personalized government-to-business (G2B) e-services, and in particular, business partner recommendation e-services for SMBs is proposed. Accordingly, in this paper, we develop (1) an implicit trust filtering recommendation approach and (2) an enhanced user-based collaborative filtering (CF) recommendation approach. To further exploit the advantages of the two proposed approaches, we develop (3) a hybrid trust-enhanced CF recommendation approach (TeCF) that integrates both the proposed implicit trust filtering and the enhanced user-based CF recommendation approaches. Empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches, especially the hybrid TeCF recommendation approach in terms of improving accuracy, as well as in dealing with very sparse data sets and cold-start users. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Shane, DT, Rayhel, LH, Huang, Z, Zhao, J-C, Tang, X, Stavila, V & Conradi, MS 2011, 'Comprehensive NMR Study of Magnesium Borohydride', The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 115, no. 7, pp. 3172-3177.
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Shannon, AG 2011, 'Reflections on some mathematical modeling in endocrinology', International Journal Bioautomation, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 183-200.
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This is an expository paper which explores a variety of epidemiological and other quantitative approaches to research in endocrinology. It is a sample of some of the projects in which the author and his colleagues, including doctoral students, have been involved over a number of years. The medical and mathematical theories have been tested on consenting patients in clinical environments.

Shannon, AG & Cook, CK 2011, 'Generalized fibonacci-feinberg sequences', Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics (Kyungshang), vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 171-179.
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This paper considers some properties of types of recurrence relations which generalize the well-known Fibonacci, Pell and Feinberg sequences. Some of the properties are analogous to those of some of the special functions.

Shao, W, Bouzerdoum, A, Phung, SL, Su, L, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2011, 'Automatic Classification of Ground-Penetrating-Radar Signals for Railway-Ballast Assessment', IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 49, no. 10, pp. 3961-3972.
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Sharma, G, Choi, J, Shon, HK & Phuntsho, S 2011, 'Solar-powered electrocoagulation system for water and wastewater treatment', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 381-388.
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The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of solar powered electrocoagulation (SPEC) for wastewater treatment using aluminium electrodes. Optimisation of various operating parameters such as pH, voltage/current, electrodes gap, pollutant concentration etc. were first performed using direct electrical current. SPEC reactor was designed by connecting with photovoltaic panel (PV) either directly or through a set of batteries and charge control system. SPEC process system was sensitive to variation of solar radiation when connected directly with PV panels. SPEC reactor operated for five different times in a day (4 April 2010) yielded highest organics removal of 85% for UV abs and turbidity removal of 87% at midday (10:00 AM-2:00 PM) under optimum operating conditions. Use of batteries and charge controller with PV panels provided more consistent and efficient performance for the SPEC reactor. The variation in organics and turbidity removal was within the range of 10% for experiments conducted on three different times in a day (9 April 2010) with highest removals at 10:30 AM in the morning. This study indicates that, SPEC is a potential alternative for small scale decentralised water and wastewater purification system. © 2011 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.

Sharma, G, Shon, HK, Aryal, R & Phuntsho, S 2011, 'Performance evaluation of microfiltration with electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation pretreatment', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 34, no. 1-3, pp. 141-149.
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One of the significant parameters to be considered for evaluating the process and economic viability of crosssflow microfiltration (MF) is flux stability. The MF economics are dependent on the flux decay through the membrane caused by membrane fouling. This work aims to evaluate the performance of MF by electro and chemical coagulation as pretreatments. The performance of MF was found to be sensitive to pH of feed solution, coagulant dosing and generation time. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) MF membrane of pore size 0.4 μm was used in this study. Without pretreatment normalised flux declined by 94% after 160 min of MF operation using model wastewater. However with pretreatments, the MF flux was significantly improved. The optimum performance for MF with both electro and chemical coagulation pretreatments occurred at isoelectric point where the highest removal of organic and turbidity was observed. With chemical coagulation under optimum conditions (30 mg/l alum dose and pH 6.5), MF did not experience any flux decline. MF performed better with chemical coagulation compared to electrocoagulation (EC). Also organic matter removal was found to be more for chemical coagulation than for EC. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Shekarchian, M, Moghavvemi, M, Mahlia, TMI & Mazandarani, A 2011, 'A review on the pattern of electricity generation and emission in Malaysia from 1976 to 2008', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 2629-2642.
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Shekarchian, M, Moghavvemi, M, Motasemi, F & Mahlia, TMI 2011, 'Energy savings and cost–benefit analysis of using compression and absorption chillers for air conditioners in Iran', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 1950-1960.
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Sheng, D 2011, 'Review of fundamental principles in modelling unsaturated soil behaviour', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 757-776.
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Sheng, D & Zhou, A-N 2011, 'Coupling hydraulic with mechanical models for unsaturated soils', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 826-840.
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This paper presents an alternative method to couple the hydraulic component with the mechanical component in a constitutive model for unsaturated soils. Some pioneering work on hydromechanical coupling is reviewed. Generalized constitutive relations on coupled hydromechanical behaviour are introduced. These generalized constitutive relations are then incorporated into existing mechanical and hydraulic models for unsaturated soils. A new coupling mechanism is proposed based on the fact that soil-water characteristic equations are usually obtained for constant stress, not constant volume. The proposed coupling mechanism also satisfies the intrinsic relationship between the degree of saturation and the volumetric strain for undrained compression. Numerical examples are presented to show the performance of the proposed model in predicting soil behaviour along drying and loading paths. Finally, the model is validated against experimental data for different soils.

Sheng, D, Augarde, CE & Abbo, AJ 2011, 'A fast algorithm for finding the first intersection with a non-convex yield surface', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 465-471.
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Sheng, D, Zhou, A & Fredlund, DG 2011, 'Shear Strength Criteria for Unsaturated Soils', Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 145-159.
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Shear strength is one of the fundamental properties of unsaturated soils. It has been found to change with matric suction. Various shear strength equations have been proposed for predicting the shear strength versus suction relationship for unsaturated soils. Some of these equations are based on regression analysis of experimental data, while some are embodied in more complex stress-strain constitutive models. In this paper, a variety of shear strength equations are examined and compared with respect to their fit of experimental data. Data for specimens prepared from initially slurry conditions as well as data for initially compacted soil specimens are analysed. The advantages and limitations associated with various proposed shear strength equations are discussed in this paper. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Shon, HK, Okour, Y, El Saliby, I, Kim, JB & Kim, J-H 2011, 'Effect of Phosphorous on the Properties of Titania Produced from Ti-Salt Flocculated Sludge in Water Treatment', Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 7456-7458.
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In this study, the removal of phosphorous (P) using Ti-salt flocculation of biologically treated sewage effluent (BTSE) was investigated for a year. The pH, alkalinity and concentration of P, before and after Ti-salt flocculation, were measured and compared. The sludge of Ti-salt flocculation was incinerated at 600 C to produce titania nanoparticles which found to be doped with P. Titania nanoparticles were characterised and their photocatalytic activity under UV light irradiation were also tested. Results indicated that the removal of P, which exceeded 97% in average, was not affected by the pH and the alkalinity of BTSE. The concentration of P in titania had no effect on the characteristics of titania nanoparticles in different seasons. Titania nanoparticles exhibited superior properties in terms of BET surface area and photocatalytic activity.

Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Kim, JB & Kim, JH 2011, 'Advanced characterization techniques of organic matter in aqueous solutions', Applied Chemistry for Engineering, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 1-14.
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Water is the most precious resource to human being, but it is polluted by different organic compounds. Organic matter (OM) in aqeous solutions is one of the important parameters of concern for human and environmental impact, and thus, it is essential to better characterize specifically targeted organic matter in aggregated and individual level of concentrations. This review presents different analytical tools and protocols to investigate detailed properties and characterization. Physical, chemical and biological aspects of OM are envisaged in terms of traditional and advanced measurement methods.

Shooshtari, A, Kalhori, H & Masoodian, A 2011, 'Investigation for dimension effect on mechanical behavior of a metallic curved micro-cantilever beam', Measurement, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 454-465.
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Shutao Li, Mingkui Tan, Tsang, IW & Kwok, JT-Y 2011, 'A Hybrid PSO-BFGS Strategy for Global Optimization of Multimodal Functions', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 1003-1014.
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Particle swarm optimizer (PSO) is a powerful optimization algorithm that has been applied to a variety of problems. It can, however, suffer from premature convergence and slow convergence rate. Motivated by these two problems, a hybrid global optimization strategy combining PSOs with a modified Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) method is presented in this paper. The modified BFGS method is integrated into the context of the PSOs to improve the particles' local search ability. In addition, in conjunction with the territory technique, a reposition technique to maintain the diversity of particles is proposed to improve the global search ability of PSOs. One advantage of the hybrid strategy is that it can effectively find multiple local solutions or global solutions to the multimodal functions in a box-constrained space. Based on these local solutions, a reconstruction technique can be adopted to further estimate better solutions. The proposed method is compared with several recently developed optimization algorithms on a set of 20 standard benchmark problems. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can obtain high-quality solutions on multimodal function optimization problems. © 2011 IEEE.

Silitonga, AS, Atabani, AE, Mahlia, TMI & Sebayang, AH 2011, 'Techno-economic analysis and environmental impact of fuel economy labels for passenger cars in Indonesia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 5212-5217.
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Silitonga, AS, Atabani, AE, Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH, Badruddin, IA & Mekhilef, S 2011, 'A review on prospect of Jatropha curcas for biodiesel in Indonesia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 3733-3756.
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Sim, K, Liu, G, Gopalkrishnan, V & Li, J 2011, 'A case study on financial ratios via cross-graph quasi-bicliques', Information Sciences, vol. 181, no. 1, pp. 201-216.
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Stocks with similar financial ratio values across years have similar price movements. We investigate this hypothesis by clustering groups of stocks that exhibit homogeneous financial ratio values across years, and then study their price movements. We propose using cross-graph quasi-biclique (CGQB) subgraphs to cluster stocks, as they can define the three dimensional (3D) subspaces of financial ratios that the stocks are homogeneous in across the years, and they can also handle missing values that are rampant in the stock data. Furthermore, investors can easily analyze these 3D subspaces to explore the relations between the stocks and financial ratios. We develop a novel algorithm, CGQBminer, which mines the complete set of CGQB subgraphs from the stock data. Through experimental analysis, we show that the hypothesis is valid. Furthermore, we demonstrate that having an investment strategy which uses groups of stocks mined by CGQB subgraphs have higher returns than one that does not. We also conducted an extensive performance analysis on CGQBminer, and show that it is efficient across different 3D datasets and parameter settings. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Singh, G, Kandasamy, J, Shon, HK & Cho, J 2011, 'Measuring treatment effectiveness of urban wetland using hybrid water quality - Artificial neural network (ANN) model', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 284-290.
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Constructed wetlands are now commonly used as tertiary treatment for urban stormwater. The wetlands have primary advantage over other forms of treatment as they remove dissolved organics and heavy metals in conjunction with other pollutants. The effectiveness of a wetland is a primary concern for validating its compliance with design objectives and regulatory requirements. The treatment in a wetland is however complex and is dependent on input pollutants, hydraulics, physicochemical balance and biota within the wetland. Several models are available for wetlands but have limitations in simulating the physico-chemical and biological processes within the wetland. The aim of this paper is to introduce a hybrid modelling approach that involves both a deterministic model and artificial neural network (ANN) for testing the effectiveness of a constructed wetland at Olympic Park, Homebush, Sydney, Australia. This novel approach allows a combination of calibrated water quality and neural based models to predict the water quality from the wetland. The models were calibrated and validated using water quality monitoring data measured for eight months in both influent and effluent streams of the wetland. The calibrated hybrid models were then tested for treatment effectiveness for range of wet, dry and median flows conditions within the catchments. A water quality index was developed and used to quantify the effectiveness of the wetland.

Sinha, S & Chaczko, Z 2011, 'Socionomic Modelling in Wireless Sensor Networks', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 301-308.
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The performance and efficiency of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is typically subject to techniques used in data routing, clustering, and localization. Being primarily driven by resource constraints, a Socionomic model has been formulated to optimize re

Smith, DB, Hanlen, LW, Zhang, JA, Miniutti, D, Rodda, D & Gilbert, B 2011, 'First- and second-order statistical characterizations of the dynamic body area propagation channel of various bandwidths', annals of telecommunications - annales des télécommunications, vol. 66, no. 3-4, pp. 187-203.
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Comprehensive statistical characterizations of the dynamic narrowband on-body area and on-body to off-body area channels are presented. These characterizations are based on real-time measurements of the time domain channel response at carrier frequencies near the 900- and 2,400-MHz industrial, scientific, and medical bands and at a carrier frequency near the 402-MHz medical implant communications band. We consider varying amounts of body movement, numerous transmit-receive pair locations on the human body, and various bandwidths. We also consider long periods, i.e., hours of everyday activity (predominantly indoor scenarios), for on-body channel characterization. Various adult human test subjects are used. It is shown, by applying the Akaike information criterion, that the Weibull and Gamma distributions generally fit agglomerates of received signal amplitude data and that in various individual cases the Lognormal distribution provides a good fit. We also characterize fade duration and fade depth with direct matching to second-order temporal statistics. These first- and second-order characterizations have important utility in the design and evaluation of body area communications systems. © 2010 Institut Télécom and Springer-Verlag.

Sobala, A & Hutvagner, G 2011, 'Transfer RNA‐derived fragments: origins, processing, and functions', WIREs RNA, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 853-862.
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AbstractDeep sequencing approaches have revealed multiple types of small RNAs with known and unknown functions. In this review we focus on a recently identified group of small RNAs that are derived from transfer RNAs (tRNAs), tRNA fragments (tRFs). We review the mechanism of their processing and their functions in mammalian cells, and highlight points of possible cross‐talk between tRFs and the canonical small RNA pathway characterized by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and Piwi‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs). We also propose a nomenclature that is based on their processing characteristics. WIREs RNA 2011 2 853–862 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.96This article is categorized under:RNA Processing > tRNA ProcessingRegulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs

Sohaib, O & Khan, K 2011, 'Incorporating discount usability in extreme programming', International Journal of Software Engineering and its Applications, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 51-62.
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Extreme programming (XP) is one of the well-known forms of agile software development, due to its iterative nature, software developers focus on functional aspects and neglect the non-functional characteristics of software like usability. This research investigates the importance of end user involvement in extreme programming using grounded theory and describes the key question that how usability practices are integrated with the Extreme Programming in orders to make effective usable software system. To address this key issue, this study provide an extension suggestion for extreme programming that help the development team to take an account of usability of the product. While there are many usability engineering techniques, discount usability (Scenarios, Card Sorting, Heuristic evaluation and thinking aloud) that are applied with a minimum set of guidance and tools were integrated into extreme programming project lifecycle.

Sow, D & McGregor, C 2011, 'Synergies of the complexity continuum and the stream computing paradigm', Journal of Critical Care, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. e29-e30.
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Sreenivasan, VKA, Ivukina, EA, Deng, W, Kelf, TA, Zdobnova, TA, Lukash, SV, Veryugin, BV, Stremovskiy, OA, Zvyagin, AV & Deyev, SM 2011, 'Barstar:barnase — a versatile platform for colloidal diamond bioconjugation', J. Mater. Chem., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 65-68.
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Stappers, BW, Hessels, JWT, Alexov, A, Anderson, K, Coenen, T, Hassall, T, Karastergiou, A, Kondratiev, VI, Kramer, M, van Leeuwen, J, Mol, JD, Noutsos, A, Romein, JW, Weltevrede, P, Fender, R, Wijers, RAMJ, Bähren, L, Bell, ME, Broderick, J, Daw, EJ, Dhillon, VS, Eislöffel, J, Falcke, H, Griessmeier, J, Law, C, Markoff, S, Miller-Jones, JCA, Scheers, B, Spreeuw, H, Swinbank, J, ter Veen, S, Wise, MW, Wucknitz, O, Zarka, P, Anderson, J, Asgekar, A, Avruch, IM, Beck, R, Bennema, P, Bentum, MJ, Best, P, Bregman, J, Brentjens, M, van de Brink, RH, Broekema, PC, Brouw, WN, Brüggen, M, de Bruyn, AG, Butcher, HR, Ciardi, B, Conway, J, Dettmar, R-J, van Duin, A, van Enst, J, Garrett, M, Gerbers, M, Grit, T, Gunst, A, van Haarlem, MP, Hamaker, JP, Heald, G, Hoeft, M, Holties, H, Horneffer, A, Koopmans, LVE, Kuper, G, Loose, M, Maat, P, McKay-Bukowski, D, McKean, JP, Miley, G, Morganti, R, Nijboer, R, Noordam, JE, Norden, M, Olofsson, H, Pandey-Pommier, M, Polatidis, A, Reich, W, Röttgering, H, Schoenmakers, A, Sluman, J, Smirnov, O, Steinmetz, M, Sterks, CGM, Tagger, M, Tang, Y, Vermeulen, R, Vermaas, N, Vogt, C, de Vos, M, Wijnholds, SJ, Yatawatta, S & Zensus, A 2011, 'Observing pulsars and fast transients with LOFAR', Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 530, pp. A80-A80.
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Stewart, MG 2011, 'Life-safety risks and optimisation of protective measures against terrorist threats to infrastructure', Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 431-440.
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A decision support analysis considers fatality risks and cost-effectiveness of protective measures, expressed in terms of expected cost spent on risk reduction per life saved for terrorist threats to infrastructure. The analysis is applicable to any item of infrastructure, but in this paper, it is applied to commercial buildings in the US. Risks may be compared with risk acceptance criteria in the form of quantitative safety goals. The risk acceptability and costeffectiveness of protective measures includes cost of the protective measures, attack probability, reduction in risk due to protective measures, probability of fatality conditional on successful terrorist attack and number of exposed individuals. The risk-based approach developed herein provides a means for initial risk screening based on the broad levels of risk and its acceptability. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.

Stewart, MG 2011, 'When buildings are too safe', Materials World, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 30-31.
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Professor Mark G Stewart from the Center for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability at the University of Newcastle, Australia, informed about a study conducted to investigate the strength of clay brick masonry. The study suggested that the existing design standards in the country were outdated and that substantial efficiency and cost savings was to be achieved when these relaxed. Modern codes of practice for structural engineering design using materials, such as steel, reinforced concrete, timber, and masonry were based on 'limit states'. The Australian masonry design code continued to be based on outdated limit states without updating them from 1988. The investigations revealed that limit states specifications for masonry in Australia, the US, Canada, and Europe, were unable to be developed from reliability-based calibration methods, while calibrated to earlier practice. Researchers also developed new probabilistic analyses to calculate the probability of failure of clay brick masonry walls under various loading conditions.

Stewart, MG & Mueller, J 2011, 'Cost-Benefit Analysis of Advanced Imaging Technology Full Body Scanners for Airline Passenger Security Screening', Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, vol. 8, no. 1.
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The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has been deploying Advanced Imaging Technologies (AITs) that are full-body scanners to inspect a passenger's body for concealed weapons, explosives, and other prohibited items. The terrorist threat that AITs are primarily dedicated to is preventing the downing of a commercial airliner by an IED (Improvised Explosive Device) smuggled on board by a passenger. The cost of this technology will reach $1.2 billion per year by 2014. The paper develops a preliminary cost-benefit analysis of AITs for passenger screening at U.S. airports. The analysis considered threat probability, risk reduction, losses, and costs of security measures in the estimation of costs and benefits. Since there is uncertainty and variability of these parameters, three alternate probability (uncertainty) models were used to characterise risk reduction and losses. Economic losses were assumed to vary from $2-$50 billion, and risk reduction from 5-10 percent. Monte-Carlo simulation methods were used to propagate these uncertainties in the calculation of benefits, and the minimum attack probability necessary for full body scanners to be cost-effective were calculated. It was found that, based on mean results, more than one attack every two years would need to originate from U.S. airports for AITs to pass a cost-benefit analysis. However, the attack probability needs to exceed 160-330 percent per year to be 90 percent certain that full body scanners are cost-effective.

Stewart, MG, Ellingwood, BR & Mueller, J 2011, 'Homeland security: a case study in risk aversion for public decision-making', International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management, vol. 15, no. 5/6, pp. 367-367.
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Governments and their regulatory agencies normally exhibit risk-neutral attitudes in their decision-making. However, for low probability-high consequence events many decision-makers tend to be risk-averse because of the catastrophic or dire nature of the hazard or event. The degree of risk averseness can be described by utility theory. This paper will infer utility functions that reflect the level of risk averseness of regulatory agencies when adopting new safety measures - such as investing $75 billion per year of the homeland security budget to avert terrorist attacks in the USA. The utility analysis considers threat probability, risk reduction caused by regulatory action, cost of regulatory action, and losses. The expected utilities using an identical risk-averse utility function for: 1 no enhanced security expenditure 2 regulatory action associated with $75 billion of enhanced homeland security expenditure are compared and made equal to each other by modifying the risk-averse utility function. This means that both policy options are equally preferable so if the decision-maker is more risk-averse than suggested by the risk-averse utility function then regulatory action is preferable. It will be shown that the level of risk averseness needed to justify current expenditures for homeland security is considerable. Copyright © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Stewart, MG, Wang, X & Nguyen, MN 2011, 'Climate change impact and risks of concrete infrastructure deterioration', Engineering Structures, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 1326-1337.
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Atmospheric CO2 is a major cause of reinforcement corrosion in bridges, buildings, wharves, and other concrete infrastructure in Australia, United States, United Kingdom and most other countries. The increase in CO2 levels associated with global warming will increase the likelihood of carbonation-induced corrosion. Moreover, temperature rises will increase corrosion rates. Clearly, the impact of climate change on existing and new infrastructure is considerable, as corrosion damage is disruptive to society and costly to repair. The paper describes a probabilistic and reliability-based approach that predicts the probability of corrosion initiation and damage (severe cracking) for concrete infrastructure subjected to carbonation and chloride-induced corrosion resulting from elevated CO2 levels and temperatures. The atmospheric CO2 concentration and local temperature and relative humidity changes with time over the next 100 years in the Australian cities of Sydney and Darwin are projected based on nine General Circulation Models (GCMs) under (i) high CO2 emission scenario, (ii) medium CO2 emission scenario, and (iii) CO2 emission reduction scenario based on policy intervention. The probabilistic analysis included the uncertainty of CO2 concentration, deterioration processes, material properties, dimensions, and predictive models. It was found that carbonation-induced damage risks can increase by over 400% over a time period to 2100 for some regions in Australia. Damage risks for chloride-induced corrosion increase by no more than 15% over the same time period due to temperature increase, but without consideration of ocean acidity change in marine exposure. Corrosion loss of reinforcement is not significant. The results were most sensitive to increases in atmospheric CO2. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Su, M-T, Chen, C-H, Lin, C-J & Lin, C-T 2011, 'A Rule-Based Symbiotic MOdified Differential Evolution for Self-Organizing Neuro-Fuzzy Systems', Applied Soft Computing, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 4847-4858.
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This study proposes a Rule-Based Symbiotic MOdified Differential Evolution (RSMODE) for Self-Organizing Neuro-Fuzzy Systems (SONFS). The RSMODE adopts a multi-subpopulation scheme that uses each individual represents a single fuzzy rule and each individual in each subpopulation evolves separately. The proposed RSMODE learning algorithm consists of structure learning and parameter learning for the SONFS model. The structure learning can determine whether or not to generate a new rule-based subpopulation which satisfies the fuzzy partition of input variables using the entropy measure. The parameter learning combines two strategies including a subpopulation symbiotic evolution and a modified differential evolution. The RSMODE can automatically generate initial subpopulation and each individual in each subpopulation evolves separately using a modified differential evolution. Finally, the proposed method is applied in various simulations. Results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed RSMODE learning algorithm. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Su, Y, Wu, C & Griffth, MC 2011, 'Modelling of the bond–slip behavior in FRP reinforced masonry', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 328-334.
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Sun, J, Buys, N, Wang, X & McAuley, A 2011, 'Using the concept of resilience to explain entrepreneurial success in China', International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, vol. 11, no. 2/3/4, pp. 182-182.
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Sun, Y, Moritz, J & Zhu, X 2011, 'Multistandard Analogue Baseband Filters for Software-Defined and Cognitive Radio Receivers', Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 755-774.
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Sun, Y, Zhang, Y, Song, Y & Dutkiewicz, E 2011, 'Fast RSVP: Efficient RSVP Mobility Support for Mobile IPv6', Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 769-807.
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Swaminathan, K, Grassman, TJ, Yang, L-M, Gu, Q, Mills, MJ & Ringel, SA 2011, 'Optically-aligned visible/near-infrared dual-band photodetector materials and devices on GaAs using metamorphic epitaxy', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 110, no. 6, pp. 063109-063109.
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A monolithic, epitaxially-integrated, vertically-aligned, multi-band photodetector architecture has been demonstrated via the successful growth and fabrication of metamorphic back-to-back n-i-p/p-i-n In0.61Ga0.39P/In0.14Ga0.86As visible/near-IR dual-detector devices. The back-to-back diode design enables simultaneous and independent operation of detectors in both bands with low optical cross talk (&lt;−10 dB outside the 690–720 nm range) and complete electrical isolation between the sub-detectors. The high electronic quality of the resultant metamorphic materials was confirmed via deep level transient spectroscopy, which revealed total trap concentrations of 5 × 1012 cm−3 for the In0.14Ga0.86As and 2 × 1014 cm−3 for the In0.61Ga0.39P sub-detectors, enabling low, room temperature reverse bias (−2 V) dark current densities of 4 × 10−8 A cm−2 and 7 × 10−12 A cm−2, respectively. High responsivity and specific detectivity values, at a working bias of −2 V, were measured: 0.41 A/W and 8.6 × 1011 cm Hz1/2/W for the In0.14Ga0.86As sub-detectors (at 980 nm), and 0.30 A/W and 2.0 × 1014 cm Hz1/2/W for the In0.61Ga0.39P sub-detectors (at 680 nm). The successful integration of high-quality lattice-mismatched materials, combined with the excellent sub-detector performances, demonstrate the potential for extending such a multi-band photodetector technology to achieve simultaneous detection of a wide range of wavelength bands with tunable cut-off wavelengths.

Swaminathan, K, Yang, L-M, Grassman, TJ, Tabares, G, Guzman, A, Hierro, A, Mills, MJ & Ringel, SA 2011, 'Metamorphic In_020Ga_080As p-i-n photodetectors grown on GaAs substrates for near infrared applications', Optics Express, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 7280-7280.
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Szehr, O, Dupuis, F, Tomamichel, M & Renner, R 2011, 'Decoupling with unitary approximate two-designs', New J. Phys., vol. 15, p. 053022.
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Consider a bipartite system, of which one subsystem, A, undergoes a physicalevolution separated from the other subsystem, R. One may ask under whichconditions this evolution destroys all initial correlations between thesubsystems A and R, i.e. decouples the subsystems. A quantitative answer tothis question is provided by decoupling theorems, which have been developedrecently in the area of quantum information theory. This paper builds onpreceding work, which shows that decoupling is achieved if the evolution on Aconsists of a typical unitary, chosen with respect to the Haar measure,followed by a process that adds sufficient decoherence. Here, we prove ageneralized decoupling theorem for the case where the unitary is chosen from anapproximate two-design. A main implication of this result is that decoupling isphysical, in the sense that it occurs already for short sequences of randomtwo-body interactions, which can be modeled as efficient circuits. Ourdecoupling result is independent of the dimension of the R system, which showsthat approximate 2-designs are appropriate for decoupling even if the dimensionof this system is large.

Tang, F, Tang, C, Guo, M, Yu, S & Guo, S 2011, 'A shadow-Like task migration model based on context semantics for mobile and pervasive environments', Computing and Informatics, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 1131-1146.
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Pervasive computing is a user-centric mobile computing paradigm, in which tasks should be migrated over different platforms in a shadow-like way when users move around. In this paper, we propose a context-sensitive task migration model that recovers program states and rebinds resources for task migrations based on context semantics through inserting resource description and state description sections in source programs. Based on our model, we design and develop a task migration framework xMozart which extends the Mozart platform in terms of context awareness. Our approach can recover task states and rebind resources in the context-aware way, as well as support multi- modality I/O interactions. The extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach can migrate tasks by resuming them from the last broken points like shadows moving along with the users.

Tang, M, Zhou, Y, Li, J, Wang, W, Cui, P, Hou, Y, Luo, Z, Li, J, Lei, F & Yan, B 2011, 'Exploring the wild birds’ migration data for the disease spread study of H5N1: a clustering and association approach', Knowledge and Information Systems, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 227-251.
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Knowledge about the wetland use of migratory bird species during the annual life circle is very interesting to biologists, as it is critically important in many decision-making processes such as for conservation site construction and avian influenza control. The raw data of the habitat areas and the migration routes are usually in large scale and with high complexity when they are determined by high-tech GPS satellite telemetry. In this paper, we convert these biological problems into computational studies and introduce efficient algorithms for the data analysis. Our key idea is the concept of hierarchical clustering for migration habitat localizations, and the notion of association rules for the discovery of migration routes from the scattered location points in the GIS. One of our clustering results is a tree structure, specially called spatial-tree, which is an illusive map depicting the breeding and wintering home range of bar-headed geese. A related result to this observation is an association pattern that reveals a high possibility that bar-headed geese's potential autumn migration routes are likely between the breeding sites in the Qinghai Lake, China and the wintering sites in Tibet river valley. Given the susceptibility of geese to spread H5N1, and on the basis of the chronology and the rates of the bar-headed geese migration movements, we can conjecture that bar-headed geese play an important role in the spread of the H5N1 virus at a regional scale in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. © 2010 Springer-Verlag London Limited.

Tanvir, H, Rahman, BMA, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A & Grattan, KTV 2011, 'Evolution of Highly Confined Surface Plasmon Modes in Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser Waveguides', Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 29, no. 14, pp. 2116-2125.
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Tarini, M, Puppo, E, Panozzo, D, Pietroni, N & Cignoni, P 2011, 'Simple quad domains for field aligned mesh parametrization', Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia Conference, vol. 30, pp. 1-12.
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Thalakotuna, D, Matekovits, L, Heimlich, M, Esselle, KP & Hay, SG 2011, 'Active Switching Devices in a Tunable EBG Structure: Placement Strategies and Modelling', Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 25, no. 11-12, pp. 1740-1751.
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Thomas, PS, Stuart, BH, McGowan, N, Guerbois, JP, Berkahn, M & Daniel, V 2011, 'A study of ochres from an Australian aboriginal bark painting using thermal methods', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 104, no. 2, pp. 507-513.
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The potential of thermogravimetric analysis (TG) as a tool for the characterisation of ochre paint used in indigenous Australian bark paintings has been investigated. TG has been combined with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and mass spectrometry

Tijing, LD, Jung, MY, Kim, D-W & Kim, CS 2011, 'Deposition Behavior of Self-Assembled Monolayers and Bacteria on Metallic Surfaces Using an Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Nanobalance', Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1354-1358.
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This paper presents an investigation on the deposition behavior of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and bacteria on titanium and gold surfaces using an electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance (EQCN). The tests included alkanethiol and alkanesilane and three bacteria, namely: E. coli, P. fluorescens and K. aerogenes. The mass change with respect to immersion time was measured by EQCN. The results showed SAM formation on both titanium and gold surfaces, but SAM formation on gold was generally higher by 26–74% as compared to that of titanium. On the other hand, bacteria also adhered well on the two metal surfaces. E. coliand P. fluorescens had high affinity on gold and titanium surfaces, respectively, while K. aerogenes was more adherent to titanium. The results showed that titanium and gold are good metals for biomaterials yet at the same time, their bioinert property provide excellent condition for bacterial adhesion. Therefore, there is a need for proper surface preparation to optimize the use of titanium and gold as biomaterials

Tijing, LD, Lee, D-H, Kim, D-W, Cho, YI & Kim, CS 2011, 'Effect of high-frequency electric fields on calcium carbonate scaling', Desalination, vol. 279, no. 1-3, pp. 47-53.
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The present study conducted an investigation on the effect of high-frequency electric fields (HFEF) in calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scale formation on heated copper tube surfaces. Artificial hard water at varying CaCO3 hardness was used. Calcium carbonate scales were formed on a heated copper tube surface, the fouling thermal resistance was calculated, and the calcium content of the deposited CaCO3 scale was measured by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), and the cooling water was analyzed during the scaling process. No-treatment and HFEF-treatment cases were conducted and compared. The calcium content of the deposited scale dropped by 4–49% in HFEF-treatment case. The lower calcium content of the deposit corresponded to thinner deposits. Water analyses showed consistently lesser percentage drop in HFEF-treatment case primarily due to less fouling deposition. The asymptotic fouling thermal resistance in HFEF-treatment case had a maximum decrease of 88% (i.e., from 4.5 × 10− 4 to 5.4 × 10− 5 m2K/W).

Tijing, LD, Yu, M-H, Kim, C-H, Amarjargal, A, Lee, YC, Lee, D-H, Kim, D-W & Kim, CS 2011, 'Mitigation of scaling in heat exchangers by physical water treatment using zinc and tourmaline', Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 31, no. 11-12, pp. 2025-2031.
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Tjhi, WC, Lee, KK, Hung, T, Tsang, IWH, Ong, YS, Bard, F & Racine, V 2011, 'Exploratory analysis of cell-based screening data for phenotype identification in drug-siRNA study', International Journal of Computational Biology and Drug Design, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 194-194.
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Most phenotype-identification methods in cell-based screening assume prior knowledge about expected phenotypes or involve intricate parameter-setting. They are useful for analysis targeting known phenotype properties; but need exists to explore, with minimum presumptions, the potentially-interesting phenotypes derivable from data. We present a method for this exploration, using clustering to eliminate phenotype-labelling requirement and GUI visualisation to facilitate parameter-setting. The steps are: outlier-removal, cell clustering and interactive visualisation for phenotypes refinement. For drug-siRNA study, we introduce an auto-merging procedure to reduce phenotype redundancy. We validated the method on two Golgi apparatus screens and showcase its contribution for better understanding of screening-images.

Tomamichel, M & Hänggi, E 2011, 'The Link between Entropic Uncertainty and Nonlocality', J. Phys. A: Math. Theor., vol. 46, no. 5, p. 055301.
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Two of the most intriguing features of quantum physics are the uncertaintyprinciple and the occurrence of nonlocal correlations. The uncertaintyprinciple states that there exist pairs of incompatible measurements on quantumsystems such that their outcomes cannot both be predicted. On the other hand,nonlocal correlations of measurement outcomes at different locations cannot beexplained by classical physics, but appear in the presence of entanglement.Here, we show that these two fundamental quantum effects are quantitativelyrelated. Namely, we provide an entropic uncertainty relation for the outcomesof two binary measurements, where the lower bound on the uncertainty isquantified in terms of the maximum Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt value that can beachieved with these measurements. We discuss applications of this uncertaintyrelation in quantum cryptography, in particular, to certify quantum sourcesusing untrusted devices.

Tomamichel, M, Lim, CCW, Gisin, N & Renner, R 2011, 'Tight Finite-Key Analysis for Quantum Cryptography', Nat. Commun., vol. 3, pp. 634-6.
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Despite enormous progress both in theoretical and experimental quantumcryptography, the security of most current implementations of quantum keydistribution is still not established rigorously. One of the main problems isthat the security of the final key is highly dependent on the number, M, ofsignals exchanged between the legitimate parties. While, in any practicalimplementation, M is limited by the available resources, existing securityproofs are often only valid asymptotically for unrealistically large values ofM. Here, we demonstrate that this gap between theory and practice can beovercome using a recently developed proof technique based on the uncertaintyrelation for smooth entropies. Specifically, we consider a family ofBennett-Brassard 1984 quantum key distribution protocols and show that securityagainst general attacks can be guaranteed already for moderate values of M.

Tran, BNH, Nguyen, ND, Nguyen, VX, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2011, 'Genetic profiling and individualized prognosis of fracture', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 414-419.
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Abstract Fragility fracture is a serious public health problem in the world. The risk of fracture is determined by genetic and nongenetic clinical risk factors. This study sought to quantify the contribution of genetic profiling to fracture prognosis. The study was built on the ongoing Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study, in which fracture and risk factors of 858 men and 1358 women had been monitored continuously from 1989 and 2008. Fragility fracture was ascertained by radiologic reports. Bone mineral density at the femoral neck was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fifty independent genes with allele frequencies ranging from 0.01 to 0.60 and relative risks (RRs) ranging from 1.01 to 3.0 were simulated. Three predictive models were fitted to the data in which fracture was a function of (1) clinical risk factors only, (2) genes only, and (3) clinical risk factors and 50 genes. The area under the curve (AUC) for model 1 was 0.77, which was lower than that of model II (AUC = 0.82). Adding genes into the clinical risk factors model (model 3) increased the AUC to 0.88 and improved the accuracy of fracture classification by 45%, with most (41%) improvement in specificity. In the presence of clinical risk factors, the number of genes required to achieve an AUC of 0.85 was around 25. These results suggest that genetic profiling could enhance the predictive accuracy of fracture prognosis and help to identify high-risk individuals for appropriate management of osteoporosis or intervention. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Tran, T & Ha, QP 2011, 'Networked control systems with accumulative quadratic constraint', ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 108-+.
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Presented is a newly developed stability condition used as the stability constraint for the model predictive control of networked control systems in an imperfect data environment. The closed-loop stability is established in real time based on the evolvement of input and output correlations prescribed in the accumulative quadratic constraint. © 2011 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

Tran, T, Tuan, HD, Ha, QP & Nguyen, HT 2011, 'Stabilising agent design for the control of interconnected systems', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL, vol. 84, no. 6, pp. 1140-1156.
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This article presents a new control design strategy for stabilising large-scale interconnected systems operating in semi-automatic control modes. The large-scale system is modelled by subsystems connected to each other in an arbitrary configuration. Each subsystem is regulated by a dedicated multivariable controller that also allows for a manual control mode. The notion of asymptotically positive realness constraint (APRC) is introduced and applied for deriving the interconnection stabilisability condition in the time domain. The interactions between subsystems are taken into consideration in the stability condition. The APRC is subsequently employed in the so-called stabilising agent to accommodate the closed-loop control and man-in-the-loop coexistence. The multipliers of the APRC quadratic supply rate are updated on-the-fly to ensure that the constraint satisfaction of stabilising agents is recursively feasible. The stabilising agents are developed independently from the control law under the same auspice controller. Due to this independence, operational errors from the manual control adjustments, that may destabilise the control systems, can be avoided. The decentralised agents render stabilising bounds for the manipulated variables in the automatic control mode, and at the same time, provide warning signals and manipulation guidance for the operators to prevent possible plant-wide destabilisation in the manual control mode. Our main results are illustrated through numerical simulations for an industrial modular system.

Tran, TT & Lu, X 2011, 'Synergistic Effect of Ag and Pd Ions on Shape-Selective Growth of Polyhedral Au Nanocrystals with High-Index Facets', The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 115, no. 9, pp. 3638-3645.
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Tseng, H-J, Cheng, R-C, Wu, S-H, Blamires, SJ & Tso, I-M 2011, 'Trap barricading and decorating by a well-armored sit-and-wait predator: extra protection or prey attraction?', Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, vol. 65, no. 12, pp. 2351-2359.
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Tu, KL, Chivas, AR & Nghiem, LD 2011, 'Effects of membrane fouling and scaling on boron rejection by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes', Desalination, vol. 279, no. 1-3, pp. 269-277.
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Tune, P & Veitch, D 2011, 'Fisher Information in Flow Size Distribution Estimation', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 7011-7035.
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Turini, G, Pietroni, N, Megali, G, Ganovelli, F, Pietrabissa, A & Mosca, F 2011, 'New techniques for computer-based simulation in surgical training', International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 303-303.
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Valipour, HR & Crews, K 2011, 'Efficient finite element modelling of timber beams strengthened with bonded fibre reinforced polymers', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 3291-3300.
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This paper presents development and application of a simple and efficient frame finite element (FE) able to estimate the load-carrying capacity of timber beams flexurally strengthened with externally bonded fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) strips and near-surface mounted FRP bars. The developed element is able to model collapse due to timber crushing under compression, timber fracture under tension and FRP rupture and it is developed in the framework of a flexibility-based fibre element formulation. Furthermore, a novel method based on central difference method in conjunction with composite Simpson's integration scheme along the element axis is developed to take account of shear-slip. The developed model is employed to predict the loading capacity and the applied load-mid span deflection response of timber beams strengthened with FRP and the numerically simulated responses agree well with the corresponding experimental results. The major features of this frame FE are its simplicity and efficiency compared with more complex and computationally expensive FEs which makes it a suitable tool for practical use in design-oriented parametric studies.

van den Hoven, E & Mazalek, A 2011, 'Grasping gestures: Gesturing with physical artifacts', AI EDAM-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN ANALYSIS AND MANUFACTURING, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 255-271.
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Gestures play an important role in communication. They support the listener, who is trying to understand the speaker. However, they also support the speaker by facilitating the conceptualization and verbalization of messages and reducing cognitive load. Gestures thus play an important role in collaboration and also in problem-solving tasks. In human-computer interaction, gestures are also used to facilitate communication with digital applications, because their expressive nature can enable less constraining and more intuitive digital interactions than conventional user interfaces. Although gesture research in the social sciences typically considers empty-handed gestures, digital gesture interactions often make use of handheld objects or touch surfaces to capture gestures that would be difficult to track in free space. In most cases, the physical objects used to make these gestures serve primarily as a means of sensing or input. In contrast, tangible interaction makes use of physical objects as embodiments of digital information. The physical objects in a tangible interface thus serve as representations as well as controls for the digital information they are associated with. Building on this concept, gesture interaction has the potential to make use of the physical properties of hand-held objects to enhance or change the functionality of the gestures made. In this paper, we look at the design opportunities that arise at the intersection of gesture and tangible interaction. We believe that gesturing while holding physical artifacts opens up a new interaction design space for collaborative digital applications that is largely unexplored. We provide a survey of gesture interaction work as it relates to tangible and touch interaction. Based on this survey, we define the design space of tangible gesture interaction as the use of physical devices for facilitating, supporting, enhancing, or tracking gestures people make for digital interaction purposes, and outline the ...

Veropalumbo, C, Giudice, ED, Capuano, G, Gentile, C, Di Cosmo, N & Vajro, P 2011, 'Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy Presenting as Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease', Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 463-464.
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Vidal-Calleja, TA, Berger, C, Solà, J & Lacroix, S 2011, 'Large scale multiple robot visual mapping with heterogeneous landmarks in semi-structured terrain', Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 654-674.
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This paper addresses the cooperative localization and visual mapping problem with multiple heterogeneous robots. The approach is designed to deal with the challenging large semi-structured outdoors environments in which aerial/ground ensembles are to evolve. We propose the use of heterogeneous visual landmarks, points and line segments, to achieve effective cooperation in such environments. A large-scale SLAM algorithm is generalized to handle multiple robots, in which a global graph maintains the relative relationships between a series of local sub-maps built by the different robots. The key issue when dealing with multiple robots is to find the link between them, and to integrate these relations to maintain the overall geometric consistency; the events that introduce these links on the global graph are described in detail. Monocular cameras are considered as the primary extereoceptive sensor. In order to achieve the undelayed initialization required by the bearing-only observations, the well-known inverse-depth parametrization is adopted to estimate 3D points. Similarly, to estimate 3D line segments, we present a novel parametrization based on anchored Plcker coordinates, to which extensible endpoints are added. Extensive simulations show the proposed developments, and the overall approach is illustrated using real-data taken with a helicopter and a ground rover. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Walsh, KM, Choi, M, Oberg, K, Kulke, MH, Yao, JC, Wu, C, Jurkiewicz, M, Hsu, L-I, Hooshmand, SM, Hassan, M, Janson, ET, Cunningham, JL, Vosburgh, E, Sackler, RS, Lifton, RP, DeWan, AT & Hoh, J 2011, 'A pilot genome-wide association study shows genomic variants enriched in the non-tumor cells of patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the ileum', Endocrine Related Cancer, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 171-180.
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Genetic studies of midgut carcinoid cancer have exclusively focused on genomic changes of the tumor cells. We investigated the role of constitutional genetic polymorphisms in predisposing individuals to ileal carcinoids. In all, 239 cases and 110 controls were collected fromthree institutions: the Uppsala University Hospital; the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; and the MD Anderson Cancer Center, and were genotyped using microarrays assaying >300 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Association with rs2208059 in KIF16B approached statistical significance (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio=2.42, P=4.16×10 -7) at a Bonferroni-corrected level (<1.62×10-7). Using two computational algorithms, four copy-number variants (CNVs) were identified in multiple cases that were absent in study controls and markedly less frequent in ∼1500 population-based controls. Of these four constitutional CNVs identified in blood-derived DNA, a 40 kb heterozygous deletion in Chr18q22.1 corresponded with a region frequently showing loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in ileal carcinoid tumor cells based on our meta-analysis of previously published cytogenetic studies (69.7% LOH, 95% confidence interval =60.0-77.9%). We analyzed the constitutional 40 kb deletion on chr18 in our study samples with a real-time quantitative PCR assay; 14/226 cases (6.19%) and 2/97 controls (2.06%) carried the CNV, although the exact boundaries of each deletion have not been determined. Given the small sample size, our findings warrant an independent cohort for a replication study. Owing to the rarity of this disease, we believe these results will provide a valuable resource for future work on this serious condition by allowing others to make efficient use of their samples in targeted studies. © 2011 Society for Endocrinology Printed in Great Britain.

Wang, J, Chi, D, Wu, J & Lu, H-Y 2011, 'Chaotic time series method combined with particle swarm optimization and trend adjustment for electricity demand forecasting', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 8419-8429.
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Electricity demand forecasting plays an important role in electric power systems planning. In this paper, nonlinear time series modeling technique is applied to analyze electricity demand. Firstly, the phase space, which describes the evolution of the be

Wang, Q-L, Hao, X-D & Cao, Y-L 2011, '[Enriched experiment and endogenous processes of glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs)].', Huan Jing Ke Xue, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 1034-1041.
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Cell decay is an important part of microbiological endogenous processes, which consists of cell death (reduction in the amount of active bacteria) and activity decay (reduction in the specific activity of active bacteria). By means of measuring maximal anaerobic volatile fatty acid (VFA) uptake rates (VFAUR), analyzing 16S rRNA with fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and observing membrane integrity by live/dead staining, the aerobic decay characteristics of glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) in an enriched GAOs sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system were investigated. It was experimentally identified that a highly enriched culture of GAOs (94%) was obtained by maintaining the temperature at 30 degrees C in the SBR and a high m (COD): m (P) at 100 in the feed. The experimental results and calculations revealed that the decay and death rates of GAOs were 0.132 d(-1) and 0.034 d(-1) respectively, which demonstrated that cell death and activity decay accounted for respective 26% and 74% of the total GAOs cell decay. For this reason, cell death was only a minor factor causing the cell decay of GAOs, and activity decay was mostly responsible for this process.

Wang, W, Jiang, Q, Zhang, H, Jin, P, Yuan, X, Wei, Y & Hu, S 2011, 'Intravenous Administration of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells is Safe for the Lung in a Chronic Myocardial Infarction Model', Regenerative Medicine, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 179-190.
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Aims: Intravenous administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is an attractive option for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). Previous studies revealed that MSC infusion could limit the deterioration of cardiac function following acute MI; however, little is known regarding the safety and efficacy of MSC infusion for chronic MI. In this study, we address cell retention after intravenous injection in a chronic MI model, and the fate and impact of distributed MSCs in the lung and heart. Methods: MI model was created by coronary ligation in female rats. A total of 3 weeks later, 5 × 106bromodeoxyuridine-labeled male MSCs in 300 µl phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) were infused intravenously (cell transplantation group, n = 37). The same volume of PBS was infused and served as the control group (n = 37). A total of 20 healthy rats received intravenous PBS injections and served as the sham group. 1 day and 4 weeks after cell or PBS infusion, echocardiography was performed and cell retention was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. The fate of the migrated cells was detected through immunohistochemistry and the expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory protein was evaluated in lung and heart. The lung and heart function was also assessed. Results: 1 day after cell implantation, the percentage of retained cells relative to the initial number of injected cells in heart and lung was 0.54 ± 0.19% and 51.69 ± 12.96%, respectively. After 4 weeks, it decreased to 0.24 ± 0.09% and 0.22 ± 0.17%. The entrapped MSCs did not differentiate into alveolar epithelial-like cells. Likewise, the left ventricular function was not improved. No adverse effects on lung function were observed after cell infusion. The expression of pro-inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase, and anti-inflammatory factors, including TNF-α-induced protein 6, in the lung and heart was not signi...

Wang, X, Wang, Z, Xu, X & Liu, Y 2011, 'A service composition method for tradeoff between satisfactions of multiple requirements', Jisuanji Yanjiu yu Fazhan/Computer Research and Development, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 627-637.
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Service composition is effective in constructing value-added service rapidly for service-oriented applications. Existing selection models for composite services rely severely on assumptions that customers' each requirement is raised alone, while in reality, service requirements can be numerous in practical applications. And when a small time slide is focused on, multiple requirements can be seen as concurrent and service sets involved by sub-solutions corresponding to each individual requirement have intersections, resulting in competitions or sharing of certain services between requirements. Therefore, current single requirement-oriented methods can not deal with the situation that multiple service requirements arrive concurrently competing for services. This paper presents a multiple service requirements-oriented service composition model and algorithm. In the light that service can either be exclusive or sharable and decisive priority relations exist between all assessment factors, an assessment method based on confliction-avoidance scheduling and graded weighting priorities is put forward. On that basis, tradeoff strategies are proposed for genetic algorithm and a service composition method is put forward for tradeoff between satisfactions of multiple service requirements. Experiment results show that this method ensures proportionality of all sub-solutions and sub-optimal solutions can be gained efficiently by improving its coding manner. Compared with other possible strategies, it has proved superior applicability to different circumstances of quantity and quality of available services.

Wang, XC, Luo, L, Chen, R & Ngo, HH 2011, 'Thermodynamic analysis of an urban water system with reclaimed water as supplemental water resource', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 32, no. 1-3, pp. 307-315.
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The natural water system maintains its dynamic equilibrium through a hydrological cycle that involves a series of natural processes. Such a natural water cycle has been much disturbed by human activities in the process of water use. An urban water system was thus modeled in this paper as a series of artificial water cycles overlaid upon the natural water cycle. The system was thermodynamically analyzed by calculating the entropy budget as ÎS = ÎiS + ÎeS where ÎiS and ÎeS are the entropy increases due to natural and artificial contributions, respectively. The natural water cycle free from human disturbance should possess the nature of self maintenance of water and materials balance and could be assumed as a pseudo-reversible process with ÎiS 0. ÎeS was then supposed as to be contributed by artificial disturbances on water quantity such as by water withdrawal, and on water quality such as by pollutant discharge. A series of models were developed for calculating ÎeS. As a result of scenario analysis of urban water system in Xi'an, a metropolitan in northwestern China, using these models, it was indicated that under the current condition of water supply and wastewater treatment, if 20% of the treated wastewater could be reused, ÎeS would be decreased by 15.22% from the current level, while if the percent of treated wastewater reuse could be increased to 40%, ÎeS would be decreased by 29.93%. Thermodynamic analysis thus provided a tool for quantitative evaluation of the effect of urban wastewater reclamation and reuse.

Wang, Y & Luo, Z 2011, 'A Meshless Level Set Method for Shape and Topology Optimization', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 308-310, no. 310, pp. 1046-1049.
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This paper proposes a meshless Galerkin level set method for structural shape and topology optimization of continua. To taking advantage of the implicit free boundary representation scheme, structural design boundary is represented through the introduction of a scalar level set function as its zero level set, to flexibly handle complex shape fidelity and topology changes by maintaining concise and smooth interface. Compactly supported radial basis functions (CSRBFs) are used to parameterize the level set function and also to construct the shape functions for mesh free function approximation. The meshless Galerkin global weak formulation is employed to implement the discretization of the state equations. This provides a pathway to simplify two numerical procedures involved in most conventional level set methods in propagating the discrete level set functions and in approximating the discrete equations, by unifying the two different stages at two sets of grids just in terms of one set of scattered nodes. The proposed level set method has the capability of describing the implicit moving boundaries without remeshing for discontinuities. The motion of the free boundary is just a question of advancing the discrete level set function by finding the design variables of the size optimization in time. One benchmark example is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The numerical results showcase that this method has the ability to simplify numerical procedures and to avoid numerical difficulties happened in most conventional level set methods. It is straightforward to apply the present method to more advanced shape and topology optimization problems.

Wang, Y & Luo, Z 2011, 'CFD Modeling of Flow Performance inside Subsonic Centrifugal Compressor', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 291-294, pp. 251-254.
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Centrifugal Compressors, which offer good flow stability, compact size and high stage pressure ratio, have been widely used in helicopter engines and sometime served as high pressure stage in small turbojet engines. In this paper, a method of developing a CFD model is presented for investigating the flow performance of a subsonic centrifugal compressor. The configuration used for the study is a subsonic centrifugal compressor which has a 60mm diameter impeller. A CFD modeling is carried out to obtain the performance and operational range of the compressor stage. The mesh independence studies were performed to provide confidence in the numerical results at operation speed. Particular emphasis is laid on the flow performance analysis with designed rotational speed of impeller.

Wang, Y & Luo, Z 2011, 'Shape Control for Composite Structures of Photostrictive Actuators Using Topology Optimization Method', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 279, pp. 186-193.
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This paper aims to present an alternative design method for remote wireless shape control of laminated composite structures using topology optimization. The photostrictive material is introduced to implement the active control of the structure by making use of its photostriction mechanism, which is actually the superposition of photovoltaic effect and converse piezoelectric effect when exposed to the illumination of near ultraviolet light. The finite element formulation including multiphysics effects of photovoltaic, pyroelectric and thermal expansion is developed to model composite structures of ferroelectric materials, based on the Mindlin plate theory of first-order shear deformation. The topology optimization method is used to seek the optimal topologies for material layouts of both the smart actuation and elastic host layers. A typical numerical example is used to demonstrate the feasibility of this method in shape control of composite structures.

Wang, Y, Zhu, X, Hao, H & Ou, J 2011, 'Spectral Element Model Updating for Damage Identification Using Clonal Selection Algorithm', Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 837-856.
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A spectral element model updating procedure is presented to identify damage in a structure using Guided wave propagation results. Two damage spectral elements (DSE1 and DSE2) are developed to model the local (cracks in reinforcement bar) and global (debonding between reinforcement bar and concrete) damage in one-dimensional homogeneous and composite waveguide, respectively. Transfer matrix method is adopted to assemble the stiffness matrix of multiple spectral elements. In order to solve the inverse problem, clonal selection algorithm is used for the optimization calculations. Two displacement-based functions and two frequency-based functions are used as objective functions in this study. Numerical simulations of wave propagation in a bare steel bar and in a reinforcement bar without and with various assumed damage scenarios are carried out. Numerically simulated data are then used to identify local and global damage of the steel rebar and the concrete-steel interface using the proposed method. Results show that local damage is easy to be identified by using any considered objective function with the proposed method while only using the wavelet energy-based objective function gives reliable identification of global damage. The method is then extended to identify multiple damages in a structure. To further verify the proposed method, experiments of wave propagation in a rectangular steel bar before and after damage are conducted. The proposed method is used to update the structural model for damage identification. The results demonstrate the capability of the proposed method in identifying cracks in steel bars based on measured wave propagation data.

Warkiani, ME, Chen, L, Lou, C-P, Liu, H-B, Zhang, R & Gong, H-Q 2011, 'Capturing and recovering of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts with polymeric micro-fabricated filter', Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 369, no. 1-2, pp. 560-568.
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Warkiani, ME, Lou, C-P & Gong, H-Q 2011, 'Fabrication and characterization of a microporous polymeric micro-filter for isolation ofCryptosporidium parvumoocysts', Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 035002-035002.
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Wattana, S & Sharma, D 2011, 'Electricity industry reforms in Thailand: an analysis of productivity', International Journal of Energy Sector Management, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 494-521.
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PurposeIn the early 1990s, the Thai government initiated a process of reform of the electricity industry with the argument that such reform would improve the performance of the industry and contribute to enhancing the overall economic prosperity. The purpose of this paper is to examine the veracity of this argument by analysing both the technical and environmental performance of the Thai electricity industry.Design/methodology/approachA data envelopment analysis‐based methodology is employed in this study to measure the productivity of the Thai electricity industry, for the period 1980‐2006. This method enables the decomposition of productivity changes into technical and efficiency changes, and hence enables one to determine if changes in productivity are due to electricity reform (efficiency gains) or due to autonomous technological improvements.FindingsThe study reveals that the increase in the productivity of the Thai electricity industry over the period 1980‐2006 was mainly driven by technological improvements and that industry reform has had insignificant impact on productivity. Further, the impacts of electricity reform on the environment appear to be relatively modest – this too was driven by government regulation that supports the use of less environmentally detrimental fuels for electricity generation by the private producers, rather than electricity reform.Originality/valueThe analysis in this paper contributes to the literature on productivity and efficiency, by applying the DEA method to a time series data for a single industry. Additionally, the analysis of environmental performance of t...

Weaver, M, Green, J, Petasecca, M, Lerch, MLF, Cutajar, D, Franklin, D, Jakubek, J, Carolan, MG, Conway, M, Pospisil, S, Kron, T, Metcalfe, P, Zaider, M & Rosenfeld, AB 2011, 'Three-dimensional dosimetry imaging of I-125 plaque for eye cancer treatment', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 633, pp. S276-S278.
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Winkler, S, Tomamichel, M, Hengl, S & Renner, R 2011, 'Impossibility of Growing Quantum Bit Commitments', Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 107, no. 9, p. 090502.
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Quantum key distribution (QKD) is often, more correctly, called key growing.Given a short key as a seed, QKD enables two parties, connected by an insecurequantum channel, to generate a secret key of arbitrary length. Conversely, nokey agreement is possible without access to an initial key. Here, we consideranother fundamental cryptographic task, commitments. While, similar to keyagreement, commitments cannot be realized from scratch, we ask whether they maybe grown. That is, given the ability to commit to a fixed number of bits, isthere a way to augment this to commitments to strings of arbitrary length?Using recently developed information-theoretic techniques, we answer thisquestion to the negative.

Wolf, SJ, Huynh, T, Bryce, NS, Hambley, TW, Wakelin, LPG, Stewart, BW & Catchpoole, DR 2011, 'Intracellular trafficking as a determinant of AS-DACA cytotoxicity in rhabdomyosarcoma cells', BMC Cell Biology, vol. 12, no. 1.
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Abstract Background Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant soft tissue sarcoma derived from skeletal muscle precursor cells, which accounts for 5-8% of all childhood malignancies. Disseminated RMS represents a major clinical obstacle, and the need for better treatment strategies for the clinically aggressive alveolar RMS subtype is particularly apparent. Previously, we have shown that the acridine-4-carboxamide derivative AS-DACA, a known topoisomerase II poison, is potently cytotoxic in the alveolar RMS cell line RH30, but is 190-fold less active in the embryonal RMS cell line RD. Here, we investigate the basis for this selectivity, and demonstrate in these RMS lines, and in an AS-DACA- resistant subclone of RH30, that AS-DACA-induced cytotoxicity correlates with the induction of DNA double strand breaks. Results We show that inhibition of the multidrug-resistance associated protein (MRP1) has no effect on AS-DACA sensitivity. By exploiting the pH-dependent fluorescence properties of AS-DACA, we have characterized its intracellular distribution, and show that it concentrates in the cell nucleus, as well as in acidic vesicles of the membrane trafficking system. We show that fluorescence microscopy can be used to determine the localization of AS-DACA to the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments of RMS cells grown as spheroids, penetrance being much greater in RH30 than RD spheroids, and that the vesicular signal leads the way into the spheroid mass. EEA1 and Rab5 proteins, molecular markers expressed on early-endosomal vesicles, are reduced by > 50% in the sensitive cell lines. Conclusion Taking the evidence as a whole, suggests that endo...

Wu, C 2011, 'Special Issue on Protection of Structures against Blast Loading', Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 358-359.
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Wu, C & Zhou, Y 2011, 'Simplified Analysis of Foam Cladding Protected Reinforced Concrete Slabs against Blast Loadings', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 351-365.
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Protection of infrastructure against blast loading has been receiving more attention in recent years due to occasional engineering explosion accidents, e.g., chemical plant explosion, and intentional man-made explosions, e.g., rising terrorist attacks. An effective solution to mitigate blast effects on these buildings is to protect them with sacrificial foam claddings for absorption of blast energy. However, little research has been conducted to analyze the effectiveness of metallic foam protected reinforced concrete (RC) structural members under airblast loads. This paper is to develop a numerical model to analyze the mitigation of blast effects on foam cladding protected RC members with consideration of interaction of blast load, foam layer and protected structural member. This numerical model is a simplified SDOF system where the deformability of the RC flexural member is considered in the form of the supporting spring. The stiffness of the spring K is estimated from the resistance deflection function of the RC member which is derived from combined moment curvature and moment rotation models. Material testing was conducted on aluminum foam specimens to obtain the stress stain curve which was idealised as a rigid-perfectly plastic-locking model. The resistance deflection curve of the RC slab and the idealised rigid-perfectly plastic-locking model for foam specimen were incorporated into the coupled SDOF interaction model for dynamic analysis. A field blast testing on foam protected RC slab was conducted and the accuracy of the coupled SDOF interaction model was validated by experimental data from the blast testing of the foam protected RC slab.

Wu, C, DeWan, A, Hoh, J & Wang, Z 2011, 'A Comparison of Association Methods Correcting for Population Stratification in Case–Control Studies', Annals of Human Genetics, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 418-427.
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SummaryPopulation stratification is an important issue in case–control studies of disease‐marker association. Failure to properly account for population structure can lead to spurious association or reduced power. In this article, we compare the performance of six methods correcting for population stratification in case–control association studies. These methods include genomic control (GC), EIGENSTRAT, principal component‐based logistic regression (PCA‐L), LAPSTRUCT, ROADTRIPS, and EMMAX. We also include the uncorrected Armitage test for comparison. In the simulation studies, we consider a wide range of population structure models for unrelated samples, including admixture. Our simulation results suggest that PCA‐L and LAPSTRUCT perform well over all the scenarios studied, whereas GC, ROADTRIPS, and EMMAX fail to correct for population structure at single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that show strong differentiation across ancestral populations. The Armitage test does not adjust for confounding due to stratification thus has inflated type I error. Among all correction methods, EMMAX has the greatest power, based on the population structure settings considered for samples with unrelated individuals. The three methods, EIGENSTRAT, PCA‐L, and LAPSTRUCT, are comparable, and outperform both GC and ROADTRIPS in almost all situations.

Wu, C, Huang, L & Oehlers, DJ 2011, 'Blast Testing of Aluminum Foam–Protected Reinforced Concrete Slabs', Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 464-474.
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Wu, C, Walsh, KM, DeWan, AT, Hoh, J & Wang, Z 2011, 'Disease risk prediction with rare and common variants', BMC Proceedings, vol. 5, no. S9.
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Wu, C, Yu, L & Zhou, Y 2011, 'Numerical Analysis of Metallic Foam Using Microstructure Model', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 499-513.
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It has become a critical issue that the human life and civil facility have been threatened by the increasing terroristic explosive attack. The application of cellular materials is an effective and feasible measure to mitigate blast and impact loading on buildings due to their energy absorption capacity. The Finite Element code such as LSDYNA has been used to simulate the mechanical behaviours of cellular materials. However, most of numerical models regarded the cellular materials as homogeneous materials on the macro level which may affect the accuracy of simulation, because none of them can reflect the pore structure of cellular materials, especially for the irregular metallic foam structures. Therefore, in this study, two main microstructure models (2D/3D metallic foam) were developed for numerical simulation of closed-cell metal. In the microstructure model of metallic foam, the cell walls were represented by thin shell elements and the solid wall material of the cells is modelled as bi-linear stress-strain relationship based on the material properties of the cell wall material of metallic foam. The numerical models were validated through comparing simulated results with analytical values of plateau phase stress-strain response under static condition. With the validated microstructure models, a series of parametric studies were conducted, in order to have a better understanding about the mechanical properties of closed-cell metallic foam. The emphases of this study were on the differences between static and dynamic performances of closed-cell metallic foam specimens in both 2D and 3D cases, the relationship between dynamic increase factor and nominal strain rate.

Wu, D, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2011, 'Similarity measure models and algorithms for hierarchical cases', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 15049-15056.
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Many business situations such as events, products and services, are often described in a hierarchical structure. When we use case-based reasoning (CBR) techniques to support business decision-making, we require a hierarchical-CBR technique which can effectively compare and measure similarity between two hierarchical cases. This study first defines hierarchical case trees (HC-trees) and discusses related features. It then develops a similarity evaluation model which takes into account all the information on nodes' structures, concepts, weights, and values in order to comprehensively compare two hierarchical case trees. A similarity measure algorithm is proposed which includes a node concept correspondence degree computation algorithm and a maximum correspondence tree mapping construction algorithm, for HC-trees. We provide two illustrative examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical case similarity evaluation model and algorithms, and possible applications in CBR systems. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Xiao, H, Qiu, J, Wang, S, Zhang, Q, Gong, W, Xin, Y, Zhu, JG & Guo, Y 2011, 'Analysis of Transient Overvoltage in 220 kV Saturated Core HTS FCL', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 2620-2623.
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Saturated Core High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Fault Current Limiter (FCL) is one kind of limiters that can work effectively on short-circuit current limitation. In this paper, an equivalent circuit model depending on ac coil of HTS FCL is built for voltage distribution analysis under transient overvoltage. The equivalent circuit components, such as the capacitances and inductances, are calculated by using ?nite element method. The voltage distribution and oscillation analysis of ac coil may bene?t to the insulation design of HTS FCL.

Xiao, J, Li, W & Liu, Q 2011, 'Meso-level numerical simulation on mechanical properties of modeled recycled concrete under uniaxial compression', Tongji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tongji University, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 791-797.
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A modeled recycled concrete is proposed. According to the meso- and micro-level mechanics parameters and constitutive relationships of the five-phase medium materials of recycled concrete, the failure mechanism of recycled concrete is numerically simulated. An investigation is made into the replacement of recycled coarse aggregate, the strength of the new or old hardened cement paste, the thickness of the old hardened cement paste, and the strength of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) on the mechanical properties of modeled recycled concrete under uniaxial compression. The results indicate that the strength of the new and old hardened cement paste have a remarkable influence on the initial elastic modulus and peak stress. The thickness of the old cement paste has some certain influence on the initial elastic modulus and peak strain. Furthermore, the influence of the strength of interfacial transition zones on the initial elastic modulus, peak stress and peak strain is not distinctive.

Xiaojing Huang & Guo, YJ 2011, 'Frequency-Domain AoA Estimation and Beamforming with Wideband Hybrid Arrays', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 2543-2553.
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High speed long range millimetre-wave (mm-wave) links can be achieved by using wideband hybrid antenna arrays of sub-arrays. Due to the array architecture difference, conventional wideband angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation and beamforming techniques are not applicable to such wideband hybrid arrays. Targeted at point-to-point line-of-sight wireless transmission in the 70/80 GHz E bands, a unified frequency-domain AoA estimation and beamforming algorithm suitable for large scale wideband hybrid arrays of both interleaved and side-by-side sub-arrays is proposed in this paper. The AoA estimation performance is analyzed by deriving a recursive modified Cramr-Rao bound (MCRB). The effect of mutual coupling among antenna elements on the estimation performance is also considered for the hybrid array of side-by-side sub-arrays. The analytical results can be used to determine system parameters according to required system specifications. Simulation results show that the proposed AoA estimation algorithm is robust against practical impairments, and the frequency dependency of the array pattern is significantly reduced after digital beamforming. Simulated mean square errors of AoA estimation are also compared with the analytical bounds, showing that the derived recursive MCRB provides a meaningful indication to the AoA estimation performance. © 2006 IEEE.

Xie, W-M, Zhang, R, Li, W-W, Ni, B-J, Fang, F, Sheng, G-P, Yu, H-Q, Song, J, Le, D-Z, Bi, X-J, Liu, C-Q & Yang, M 2011, 'Simulation and optimization of a full-scale Carrousel oxidation ditch plant for municipal wastewater treatment', Biochemical Engineering Journal, vol. 56, no. 1-2, pp. 9-16.
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Xing, W, Ngo, HH, Guo, WS, Listowski, A & Cullum, P 2011, 'Evaluation of an integrated sponge - Granular activated carbon fluidized bed bioreactor for treating primary treated sewage effluent', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 5448-5453.
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An integrated fluidized bed bioreactor (iFBBR) was designed to incorporate an aerobic sponge FBBR (ASB-FBBR) into an anoxic granular activated carbon FBBR (GAC-FBBR). This iFBBR was operated with and without adding a new starch based flocculant (NSBF) to treat synthetic primary treated sewage effluent (PTSE). The NSBF contains starch based cationic flocculants and trace nutrients. The results indicate that the iFBBR with NSBF addition could remove more than 93% dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 61% total nitrogen (T-N) and 60% total phosphorus (T-P) at just a very short hydraulic retention time of 50min. The optimum frequency of adding NSBF to the iFFBR is four times per day. As a pretreatment to microfiltration, the iFFBR could increase 5L/m2h of critical flux thus reducing the membrane fouling. In addition, better microbial activity was also observed with high DO consumption (>66%) and specific oxygen uptake rate (>35mg O2/gVSSh). © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.

Xu, D, Wijesooriya, C, Wang, Y-G & Beydoun, G 2011, 'Outbound logistics exception monitoring: A multi-perspective ontologies' approach with intelligent agents', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 13604-13611.
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Xu, G, Li, L, Zhang, Y, Yi, X & Kitsuregawa, M 2011, 'Modeling user hidden navigational behavior for Web recommendation', Web Intelligence and Agent Systems: An International Journal, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 239-255.
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Web users exhibit a variety of navigational interests through clicking a sequence of Web pages. Analyses of Web usage data will lead to discovering Web user access patterns, and in turn, facilitating users to locate more preferable Web contents via collaborative recommendation techniques. In the context of Web usage mining, Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) based on probability inference provides a promising approach to capture not only user hidden navigational patterns, but also the associations between users, pages and hidden navigational patterns. The discovered user access patterns could be used as a usage reference base for identifying the new users access preferences and making usage-based collaborative Web recommendations. In this paper, we propose a novel usage-based Web recommendation framework, in which Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is employed to learn the underlying task space from the training Web log data and infer the task distribution for a target user via task inference. The main advantages of the adapted LDA model are its capabilities of efficiently learning the semantic usage information from the Web log data and effectively inferring the access preference of the target user even with a few Web clicks that might be unseen in the training data. In this paper, we also investigate the determination of an optimizing task number, which is another important problem commonly encountered in latent semantic analysis. Experiments conducted on a real Web log dataset show that this approach can achieve better recommendation performance in comparison to other existing techniques. And the discovered task-simplex expression can also provide a better interpretation for Web designers or users to better understand the user navigational preference.

Xu, H, Wang, J & Zhan, X 2011, 'GNSS Satellite Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (SAIM) using inter-satellite measurements', Advances in Space Research, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 1116-1126.
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XU, H, WANG, S-P, WANG, R-C & WANG, Z-Q 2011, 'Efficient P2P-based mutual authentication protocol for RFID system security of EPC network using asymmetric encryption algorithm', The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications, vol. 18, pp. 40-47.
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Xu, W, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y, Guo, Y & Lei, G 2011, 'New Axial Laminated-Structure Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machine With 6/7 Poles', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 2823-2826.
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In this paper, one new axially laminated-structure ?ux-switching permanent magnet machine (ALSFSPMM) with 6/7 (stator/rotor) poles is proposed. Different from the conventional ?ux-switching permanent magnet machine (FSPMM), the stator and rotor of ALSFSPMM are laminated parallel to the axial direction, which can make full use of PM ?ux linkage, decrease part magnetic saturation, and reduce the iron loss particularly in the range of high speed. By the 2-D model prediction of ?nite element algorithm (FEA), ALSFSPMM has lower cogging torque, stronger ?ux weakening ability, greater torque density, higher ef?ciency, etc., and hence it is an ideal candidate for the drive system of plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle (PHEV).

Xu, X, Yang, H, Liu, Y, Zheng, Y, Li, L, Ji, Y & Han, X 2011, 'Formation mechanism of novel two-dimensional single crystalline dendritic copper plates in an aqueous environment', Acta Materialia, vol. 59, no. 19, pp. 7177-7188.
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Xu, XX, Zhang, JX, Guo, F, Zheng, W, Zhou, HM, Wang, BL, Zheng, YF, Wang, YB, Cheng, Y, Lou, X & Jang, BZ 2011, 'A novel amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on immobilized Hb in Pluronic P123-nanographene platelets composite', Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 427-432.
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Xu, Y, Jiang, J & Li, Z 2011, 'Cyclic optimisation for localisation in freeform surface inspection', International Journal of Production Research, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 361-374.
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Increasing demands on precision manufacturing of parts with freeform surfaces have been observed in the last several years. Although significant progress has been made in precision machining of freeform surfaces, inspection of such surfaces remains a dif

Xu, Y, Liu, B, Gong, L, Rong, B & Gui, L 2011, 'Improved shortening algorithm for irregular QC-LDPC codes using known bits', IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 1057-1063.
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Yan, H-F, Yu, Z-Y, Liu, Y-M, Tian, H-D & Han, L-H 2011, 'Novel Propagation Properties of Total Internal Reflection Photonic Crystal Fibres with Rhombic Air Holes', Chinese Physics Letters, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 114210-114210.
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Yan, LY, Li, W, Mesgari, S, Leong, SSJ, Chen, Y, Loo, LS, Mu, Y & Chan‐Park, MB 2011, 'Use of a Chondroitin Sulfate Isomer as an Effective and Removable Dispersant of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes', Small, vol. 7, no. 19, pp. 2758-2768.
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AbstractThree isomers of chondroitin sulfate (CS), i.e., CS‐A, CS‐B, and CS‐C, are investigated as nanotube dispersants and are found to have vastly different abilities to disperse single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in water due to their different intramolecular interactions. Only CS‐A and CS‐C effectively disperse SWNTs into small bundles or individual tubes while CS‐B disperses SWNTs poorly. Computer simulation and circular dichrosim show that neat CS‐A and CS‐C have weak intramolecular hydrogen bonding and extended conformations in solution resulting in energetically more favorable interactions with nanotubes. CS‐B has relatively strong intramolecular Coulombic interaction and more alpha‐helical secondary structure in solution resulting in energetically less favorable interaction with the nanotubes. Atomic force microscopy images show helical wrappings of CS‐A and CS‐C around the SWNTs. Transmission electron microscopy corroborates the helical wrapping of CS‐A. Different isomeric forms of a polymer can have vastly different dispersing power because of their different intramolecular interactions and conformations. The easy removability of CS‐A from nanotubes is confirmed with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showing almost no detectable sulphur content after washing with water and by application of washed CS‐A dispersed SWNTs in field‐effect transistors.

Yancheng, LI, Jianchun, LI & SAMALI, B 2011, 'Dynamic Performance of a Novel Magnetorheological Pin Joint', Journal of System Design and Dynamics, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 706-715.
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Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) has received significant attention lately and MRF based devices have been proposed for structural control applications in recent years. The unique characteristics of MR fluid lies in its abilities to reversibly, repeatedly and instantly change from a free flowing liquid to a semi-solid state when exposed to a magnetic field. The electric power required to drive the MR devices can be easily provided by a battery. Possessing such unique properties, MR fluid based devices, such as MR damper, have become promising candidates in the semi-active control for civil structure applications. However, most of the published research has focused on application of MR dampers instead of exploring other type of MR devices. In addition, MR based devices exhibit complex nonlinear hysteresis behaviour and thus making their modelling a challenging task.
In this paper, a novel MR fluid based device, namely MR pin joint, is proposed as a smart structural member in development of an intelligent civil structure that can suppress unwanted vibrations to ensure safety and serviceability of the structure. After design and fabrication, experiments have been conducted to characterise dynamic behaviours of the new device under different harmonic excitations with various input currents. Response time of the MR pin joint is compared when the MR pin joint is driven under different applied currents and moving speeds. Test data shows that the MR pin joint possesses a unique behaviour in the moment-angular velocity plot. A hyperbolic hysteresis model is proposed to model such unique behaviour. The investigation presented in the paper explores dynamic performance of MR pin joint. Finally, a parametric model is developed following the investigation on the correlation of coefficients in the proposed model with the loading conditions and applied currents.

Yang, G, Chen, X, Lei, G, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2011, 'Domain Decomposition Combined Radial Basis Function Collocation Method to Solve Transient Eddy Current Magnetic Problems With Moving Conductors', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 2939-2942.
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Radial basis function (RBF) collocation method is a kind of pure meshless numerical method and has been applied to solve static and transient electromagnetic problems. Especially, it shows a great advantage in the computation of moving conductor eddy current magnetic problems. To simulate the conductor movement, the field equations are decoupled with superposition principle and solved by time-domain iteration under moving coordinate systems. One problem is that the coefficient matrix of RBF governing equations, which needs to be computed in each iteration step, is full. As the number of RBF nodes increases, the computational capacity will grow rapidly. The domain decomposition method (DDM), which divides the solving domain into several subdomains, could be conveniently combined with RBF collocation method. This paper first applies DDM combined RBF collocation method to compute transient eddy current magnetic field problems with moving conductors. With this novel method, the iteration only proceeds in the subdomains containing conductors. And the magnetic field in the subdomains without conductors needs to be computed just once before the iteration. The dimension of the coefficient matrix computed in the iteration is only determined by the number of nodes in the corresponding subdomains and on the interfaces. An engineering problem is computed to show that the DDM combined RBF collocation method is much more efficient than the normal one.

Yang, G, Lei, G, Chen, X & Shao, K 2011, 'Radial basis function meshless method to solve 2-D electromagnetic problems with moving conductors', Zhongguo Dianji Gongcheng Xuebao/Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering, vol. 31, no. 30, pp. 146-152.
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This paper applied the radial basis function (RBF) collocation method to solve electromagnetic problems with moving conductors. A superposition RBF collocation method under moving coordinate system was presented to compute the convective-diffusion Maxwell equations of the transient eddy current magnetic field. The field, which was regarded as a superposition of two fields generated by the excitation current and the eddy current respectively, was constructed with RBFs in separate moving coving coordinate systems. According to the linear property of the RBF collocation model, the corresponding governing equations could be directly decoupled and solved through time-domain iteration. Therefore, the motion of the conductor could be transferred into the relative motion between coordinate systems. And the RBF model would not change during the iteration, which avoided the model reconfiguration due to the conductor motion. To examine the method, two numerical examples: TEAM workshop problem 28 and an electromagnetic launcher system were computed. The results agreed well with the experiment data shown in literatures. © 2011 Chin. Soc. for Elec. Eng.

Yang, J, Dai, B, Huang, B & Yu, S 2011, 'Orthogonal feedback scheme for network coding', Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 1623-1633.
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Yang, L, Ji, J, Hu, J & Ning, L 2011, 'Prediction of Process Parameters on Stress and Strain Fields in Hot Rolling Process using Finite Element Method', Information Technology Journal, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 2406-2412.
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To predict the distribution of stress and strain fields in hot rolling process, the computer models are built using rigid-plastic finite element method and are calculated using up-dated Lagrange method. The workpiece and the work-roll are defined as the deformation body and the rigid body with heat transfer, respectively. All kinds of heat boundary conditions, initial boundary and heat generation are introduced in the model. The analysis is capable of considering the effects of various parameters such as rolling speed, reduction ratio and tension rolling on effective strain, effective stress, contact normal stress and friction stress. In addition, the distributions of stress and strain and strain history are also calculated along contact arc length and thickness direction in the hot rolling process. To assess the reliability of the numerical analysis, a comparison is made between the prediction results and published literature and a reasonable agreement is obtained in this study. © 2011 Asian Network for Scientific Information.

Yang, L, Ji, J, Hu, J & Romagos, A 2011, 'Effect of process parameters on mechanical behavior in hot-slab rolling', MECHANIKA, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 474-479.
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This paper studies hot rolling process of typical low carbon steel by using rigid-plastic finite element method. Numerical simulations are carried out to examine the effects of the percentage of reduction rate, work-roll radius, frictional coefficient, rolling speed, tension, initial rolling temperature and initial slab thickness on rolling force and deformation behavior of the slab. It is found that rolling force increases with the increases of reduction rate, rolling speed, frictional coefficient and radius. The initial rolling temperature, initial slab thickness and tension have also important effects on rolling force, and it will decreases remarkably by increasing the parameters. Moreover, it is also found that rolling force remains unchanged when ini-tial slab temperature reaches certain value. The friction and effective stress distribution in the slab are obtained for the steady-state rolling process. The positive friction in back-ward slip zone is found to be greater than the negative fric-tion in forward slip zone along rolling direction, indicating that friction acts as the driving force in the rolling process.

Yang, L-M, Swaminathan, K, Grassman, T, Ringel, S & Mills, M 2011, 'Threading Dislocations in Metamorphic In_0.20Ga_0.80As Grown on GaAs Substrates', Microscopy and Microanalysis, vol. 17, no. S2, pp. 1652-1653.
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Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7–August 11, 2011.

Yang, N, Schindeler, A, McDonald, MM, Seto, JT, Houweling, PJ, Lek, M, Hogarth, M, Morse, AR, Raftery, JM, Balasuriya, D, MacArthur, DG, Berman, Y, Quinlan, KGR, Eisman, JA, Nguyen, TV, Center, JR, Prince, RL, Wilson, SG, Zhu, K, Little, DG & North, KN 2011, 'alpha-Actinin-3 deficiency is associated with reduced bone mass in human and mouse', BONE, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 790-798.
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Bone mineral density (BMD) is a complex trait that is the single best predictor of the risk of osteoporotic fractures. Candidate gene and genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variations in approximately 30 genetic loci associated with BMD variation in humans. alpha-Actinin-3 (ACTN3) is highly expressed in fast skeletal muscle fibres. There is a common null-polymorphism R577X in human ACTN3 that results in complete deficiency of the alpha-actinin-3 protein in approximately 20% of Eurasians. Absence of alpha-actinin-3 does not cause any disease phenotypes in muscle because of compensation by alpha-actinin-2. However, alpha-actinin-3 deficiency has been shown to be detrimental to athletic sprint/power performance. In this report we reveal additional functions for alpha-actinin-3 in bone. alpha-Actinin-3 but not alpha-actinin-2 is expressed in osteoblasts. The Actn3(-/-) mouse displays significantly reduced bone mass, with reduced cortical bone volume (-14%) and trabecular number (-61%) seen by microCT. Dynamic histomorphometry indicated this was due to a reduction in bone formation. In a cohort of postmenopausal Australian women, ACTN3 577XX genotype was associated with lower BMD in an additive genetic model, with the R577X genotype contributing 1.1% of the variance in BMD. Microarray analysis of cultured osteoprogenitors from Actn3(-/-) mice showed alterations in expression of several genes regulating bone mass and osteoblast/osteoclast activity, including Enpp1, Opg and Wnt7b. Our studies suggest that ACTN3 likely contributes to the regulation of bone mass through alterations in bone turnover. Given the high frequency of R577X in the general population, the potential role of ACTN3 R577X as a factor influencing variations in BMD in elderly humans warrants further study.

Yang, T, Kecman, V, Cao, L, Zhang, C & Zhexue Huang, J 2011, 'Margin-based ensemble classifier for protein fold recognition', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 12348-12355.
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Recognition of protein folding patterns is an important step in protein structure and function predictions. Traditional sequence similarity-based approach fails to yield convincing predictions when proteins have low sequence identities, while the taxonom

Yang, X, Zhang, G, Lu, J & Ma, J 2011, 'A Kernel Fuzzy c-Means Clustering-Based Fuzzy Support Vector Machine Algorithm for Classification Problems With Outliers or Noises', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 105-115.
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The support vector machine (SVM) has provided higher performance than traditional learning machines and has been widely applied in real-world classification problems and nonlinear function estimation problems. Unfortunately, the training process of the SVM is sensitive to the outliers or noises in the training set. In this paper, a common misunderstanding of Gaussian-function-based kernel fuzzy clustering is corrected, and a kernel fuzzy c-means clustering-based fuzzy SVM algorithm (KFCM-FSVM) is developed to deal with the classification problems with outliers or noises. In the KFCM-FSVM algorithm, we first use the FCM clustering to cluster each of two classes from the training set in the high-dimensional feature space. The farthest pair of clusters, where one cluster comes from the positive class and the other from the negative class, is then searched and forms one new training set with membership degrees. Finally, we adopt FSVM to induce the final classification results on this new training set. The computational complexity of the KFCM-FSVM algorithm is analyzed. A set of experiments is conducted on six benchmarking datasets and four artificial datasets for testing the generalization performance of the KFCM-FSVM algorithm. The results indicate that the KFCM-FSVM algorithm is robust for classification problems with outliers or noises. © 2006 IEEE.

Yang, Y, Fu, J, Peng, H, Hou, L, Liu, M & Zhou, JL 2011, 'Occurrence and phase distribution of selected pharmaceuticals in the Yangtze Estuary and its coastal zone', Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 190, no. 1-3, pp. 588-596.
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The occurrence and geochemical behavior of nine pharmaceutical compounds were investigated along the Yangtze River Estuary and its coastal area, by sampling and analysis of pharmaceuticals in sediment, suspended particulate matter (SPM), colloidal and soluble phases. In addition, the impact of sewage input was examined by sampling from sewage treatment plants (STP) effluent and its upstream and downstream in the Yangtze River. Although at relatively low concentrations in SPM and sediments, several pharmaceuticals were found at elevated concentration in filtered water samples from STP-affected sites. STP is therefore an important input of pharmaceuticals in the study area. Colloidal phase was further separated from bulk water samples using cross-flow ultrafiltration (CFUF), confirming it being an effective sorbent for pharmaceuticals with high sorption capacity which are 2-4 orders of magnitude higher than SPM. Moreover, mass balance calculations showed that significant percentages of selected pharmaceutical compounds were associated with aquatic colloids, indicating colloids as a reservoir for these contaminants in the Yangtze estuarine system. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Yang, Y, Li, J, Wang, H, Song, X, Wang, T, He, B, Liang, X & Ngo, HH 2011, 'An Electrocatalytic Membrane Reactor with Self‐Cleaning Function for Industrial Wastewater Treatment', Angewandte Chemie, vol. 123, no. 9, pp. 2196-2198.
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Industrial wastewater has become a global issue due to its high concentration of pollutants, especially refractory organic compounds.[1] Membrane technology has attracted considerable attention in industrial wastewater purification over the past decades owing to its high flexibility regarding water quality and low investment costs. However, inherent membrane fouling caused by concentration polarization and pore blocking leads to low plant reliability and limits wide industrial application in wastewater treatment.[2] Controlling and mitigating membrane fouling has become the most critical problem in the field of membrane technology for water and wastewater treatment.

Yang, Y, Li, J, Wang, H, Song, X, Wang, T, He, B, Liang, X & Ngo, HH 2011, 'An Electrocatalytic Membrane Reactor with Self‐Cleaning Function for Industrial Wastewater Treatment', Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 50, no. 9, pp. 2148-2150.
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Ye, D, Zhang, M & Sutanto, D 2011, 'A Hybrid Multiagent Framework With Q-Learning for Power Grid Systems Restoration', IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 2434-2441.
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Yiming Liu, Dong Xu, Tsang, IW-H & Jiebo Luo 2011, 'Textual Query of Personal Photos Facilitated by Large-Scale Web Data', IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 1022-1036.
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The rapid popularization of digital cameras and mobile phone cameras has led to an explosive growth of personal photo collections by consumers. In this paper, we present a real-time textual query-based personal photo retrieval system by leveraging millions of Web images and their associated rich textual descriptions (captions, categories, etc.). After a user provides a textual query (e.g., "water), our system exploits the inverted file to automatically find the positive Web images that are related to the textual query "water as well as the negative Web images that are irrelevant to the textual query. Based on these automatically retrieved relevant and irrelevant Web images, we employ three simple but effective classification methods, k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN), decision stumps, and linear SVM, to rank personal photos. To further improve the photo retrieval performance, we propose two relevance feedback methods via cross-domain learning, which effectively utilize both the Web images and personal images. In particular, our proposed cross-domain learning methods can learn robust classifiers with only a very limited amount of labeled personal photos from the user by leveraging the prelearned linear SVM classifiers in real time. We further propose an incremental cross-domain learning method in order to significantly accelerate the relevance feedback process on large consumer photo databases. Extensive experiments on two consumer photo data sets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our system, which is also inherently not limited by any predefined lexicon.

Ying, M 2011, 'Floyd-Hoare Logic for Quantum Programs', ACM TRANSACTIONS ON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 1-49.
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Floyd-Hoare logic is a foundation of axiomatic semantics of classical programs, and it provides effective proof techniques for reasoning about correctness of classical programs. To offer similar techniques for quantum program verification and to build a logical foundation of programming methodology for quantum computers, we develop a full-fledged Floyd-Hoare logic for both partial and total correctness of quantum programs. It is proved that this logic is (relatively) complete by exploiting the power of weakest preconditions and weakest liberal preconditions for quantum programs. © 2011 ACM.

Ying, M & Feng, Y 2011, 'A Flowchart Language for Quantum Programming', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 466-485.
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Several high-level quantum programming languages have been proposed in the previous research. In this paper, we define a low-level flowchart language for quantum programming, which can be used in implementation of high-level quantum languages and in design of quantum compilers. The formal semantics of the flowchart language is given, and the notion of correctness for programs written in this language is introduced. A structured quantum programming theorem is presented, which provides a technique of translating quantum flowchart programs into programs written in a high-level language, namely, a quantum extension of the while-language. © 2006 IEEE.

Ying, M, Yu, N, Feng, Y & Duan, R 2011, 'Verification of Quantum Programs', CoRR, vol. abs/1106.4063, no. 4, pp. 1085-1093.
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© Copyright 2018, Institute of Software, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. With the rapid development of quantum hardware, people tend to believe that special-purpose quantum computers with more than 100 qubits will be available in 5 to 10 years. It is conceivable that, once this becomes a reality, the development of quantum software will be crucial in harnessing the power of quantum computers. However, due to the distinguishable features of quantum mechanics, such as the no-cloning of quantum information and the nonlocal effect of entanglement, developing correct and efficient quantum programs and communication protocols is a challenging issue. Formal verification methods, particularly model checking techniques, have proven effective in classical software design and system modelling. Therefore, formal verification of quantum software has received more and more attention recently. This article reviews recent research findings in verification of both sequential quantum programs and quantum communication protocols, with the focus placed on the work of the two authors' research groups. Future directions and challenges in this area are also discussed.

Yisgedu, TB, Chen, X, Lingam, HK, Huang, Z, Highley, A, Maharrey, S, Behrens, R, Shore, SG & Zhao, J-C 2011, 'Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Thermal Decomposition Study of Mg(H₂O)₆B₁₀H₁₀·4H₂O', The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 115, no. 23, pp. 11793-11802.
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Yong Cai & Guo, YJ 2011, 'A Frequency-Agile Compact Array With a Reconfigurable Decoupling and Matching Network', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, pp. 1031-1034.
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A new frequency-agile compact antenna array incorporating a reconfigurable decoupling and matching network (DMN) is presented. The array consists of two printed monopole antennas, each loaded with a p-i-n diode. By changing the p-i-n diode states through an inductive biasing line, the array operating frequency can be tuned to the 2.5-or 3.5-GHz band. The array interelement spacing is chosen to be as small as 0.05 λ 0 at 2.5 GHz, which results in a strong mutual coupling between antenna ports. A reconfigurable DMN is proposed to reduce the mutual coupling when the array frequency is switched. Measured results show that the use of the DMN realizes a matched (S 11 ≤-10 dB) and decoupled (S 21 ≤-20 dB) bandwidth of 150 and 160 MHz in the lower and higher bands, respectively. In addition, compared to the strongly coupled array, at least 9% antenna total efficiency improvement is measured over a 125-MHz bandwidth in both the lower and the higher bands. The effect of the ohmic loss in the DMN on the antenna correlation is also investigated. © 2011 IEEE.

Youssef, AM, Pradhan, B & Hassan, AM 2011, 'Flash flood risk estimation along the St. Katherine road, southern Sinai, Egypt using GIS based morphometry and satellite imagery', Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 611-623.
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Youssef, AM, Pradhan, B & Tarabees, E 2011, 'Integrated evaluation of urban development suitability based on remote sensing and GIS techniques: contribution from the analytic hierarchy process', Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 4, no. 3-4, pp. 463-473.
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Yu, N, Duan, R & Ying, M 2011, 'Any 2 circle times n subspace is locally distinguishable', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 1-3.
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A subspace of a multipartite Hilbert space is said to be locally indistinguishable if any orthonormal basis of this subspace cannot be perfectly distinguished by local operations and classical communication. Previously it was shown that any m . n bipartite system with m > 2 and n > 2 has a locally indistinguishable subspace. However, it has been an open problem since 2005 whether there is a locally indistinguishable bipartite subspace with a qubit subsystem.We settle this problem in negative by showing that any 2 . n bipartite subspace contains a basis that is locally distinguishable. As an interesting application, we show that any quantum channel with two Kraus operators has optimal environment-assisted classical capacity.

Yu, S, Zhou, W, Doss, R & Jia, W 2011, 'Traceback of DDoS Attacks Using Entropy Variations', IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 412-425.
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Yu, Y, Wu, Y, Guo, X, Feng, R & Wan, J 2011, 'A Probabilistic Approach for Energy Efficient Data Transmission in Pipeline Monitoring Sensor Networks', Procedia Engineering, vol. 24, pp. 64-68.
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Lifetime network is the main considering problem when deploying wireless sensor networks for integrity monitoring of pipeline infrastructures. And the low network lifetime is always caused by the unbalanced energy consumption in the monitoring networks. So in this paper, a sort of data transmission approach based on probabilistic model is put forward to solve the energy consumption unbalanced and enhance the network lifetime. The optimal problem for maximum network lifetime is introduced, which is solved by artificial fish school algorithm. A series of simulation experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of new method. Compared with Direct and Multi-hop methods, new method not only can efficiently balance the network energy load, but also can significantly prolong the network lifetime, meeting the requirements of real-time pipeline monitoring. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Yu, Y, Wu, Y, Yu, N, Feng, R & Wan, J 2011, 'Optimal deployment for maximum lifecycle in natural gas pipeline monitoring sensor networks', Journal of Computational Information Systems, vol. 7, no. 15, pp. 5359-5370.
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Network lifecycle is one of the main considering issues when deploying natural gas pipeline monitoring networks. For increasing monitoring lifecycle, we put forward a kind of networks deployment strategy based on cost-lifecycle. The strategy can solve the following problems: how many nodes should be deployed, which data transmission mode should be adopted, and how far the distances between neighboring nodes are. In order to avoid local optimal solution, hybrid genetic algorithm is employed to work out the deployment strategy. Numerical and simulation results show the perfect performance of the strategy. Besides, we also study the impact of path loss exponent and sensing range on the optimal networks deployment. Eventually, we compare it with two common networks deployment approaches to evaluate the effectiveness of the new strategy. © 2011 Binary Information Press December, 2011.

Yu, Y-H, Kwok, NM & Ha, QP 2011, 'Color tracking for multiple robot control using a system-on-programmable-chip', AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 669-676.
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A new trend in construction is the emerging technologies to accommodate personal indoor robots moving among occupants and assisting them. In many circumstances, the coordination of multiple robots is required for task execution, whereby it is important to cooperatively control robots to navigate in a desired formation. For this, real-time information of each robot's location can be made available via the use of computer vision technologies. This paper presents the development of a digital camera surveillance system that can track color tags of moving robots in an indoor environment. The system, which comprises image demosaicking, color detection, relative distance estimation and moving object tracking, is designed for controlling a number of miniature robots, utilizing the system-on-programmable-chip technology. Here, essential issues of real-time computation and low power consumption are simultaneously resolved with register-transfer level and gate circuits. Experimental results are provided for verification. An emphasis is given to construction applications.

Yuan, S, Skinner, BT, Huang, S, Liu, DK, Dissanayake, G, Lau, H & Pagac, D 2011, 'A job grouping approach for planning container transfers at automated seaport container terminals', ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 413-426.
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This paper proposes a practical job grouping approach, which aims to enhance the time related performance metrics of container transfers in the Patrick AutoStrad container terminal, located in Brisbane, Australia. It first formulates a mathematical model of the automated container transfers in a relatively complex environment. Apart from the consideration on collision avoidance of a fleet of large vehicles in a confined area, it also deals with many other difficult practical challenges such as the presence of multiple levels of container stacking and sequencing, variable container orientations, and vehicular dynamics that require finite acceleration and deceleration times. The proposed job grouping approach aims to improve the makespan of the schedule for yard jobs, while reducing straddle carrier waiting time by grouping jobs using a guiding function. The performance of the current sequential job allocation method and the proposed job grouping approach are evaluated and compared statistically using a pooled t-test for 30 randomly generated yard configurations. The experimental results show that the job grouping approach can effectively improve the schedule makespan and reduce the total straddle carrier waiting time. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Zainol, R, Abu Bakar, Z & Ali, SJS 2011, 'Integrated Partial Match Query in Geographic Information Retrieval', PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 19, pp. 41-49.

Zeng, T, Li, J & Liu, J 2011, 'Distinct interfacial biclique patterns between ssDNA‐binding proteins and those with dsDNAs', Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 598-610.
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AbstractWe introduce a new motif called interfacial biclique pattern to study the difference between double‐stranded DNA‐binding proteins (DSBs, most of them also known to play the role as transcriptional factors) and single‐stranded DNA‐binding proteins (SSBs) which are found to involve in many applications recently. An interfacial biclique pattern in a protein‐DNA complex usually consists of a group of residues and a group of nucleotides such that every residue has a contact to all of the bases. The proposal of this idea is based on a biological redundancy mechanism that: a site mutation has little influence on the other residues to recognize the target nucleotides and vice versa. The distribution of the residues on the interfacial motifs is investigated to identify distinct stable preferred residues, stable un‐preferred residues and unstable preferred residues between SSBs and DSBs. We also examine residue co‐occurrence and residue‐base association rules in the interfacial motifs to uncover the different choices of residue combinations by SSBs and DSBs that have contacts with one or more bases. We found that DSBs and SSBs have their own right residues at the right places for the binding preference and association with nucleotides. Some of our results can be supported by literature work. Proteins 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Zhang, A, Jiang, Z, Jiao, S & Wei, D 2011, 'Microstructure and adherence of vitreous enamel to low carbon steel', International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering, vol. 5, no. 5/6, pp. 369-369.
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The microstructure and adherence of vitreous enamel to low carbon steel substrate with different compositions were evaluated by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and the bending test method. The condition of the bubbles, the fish-scaling resistance, and the adherence strength were also analysed by microscopic methods. The results show that the microstructures of the enamel layers are similar for the two steels, while the addition of titanium and vanadium to the steel degrades the adherence. The mechanism of enamel-steel interface adherence could be explained as mainly mechanical interlocking, chemical bonding subsequent to a series of chemical reactions. Fe-rich dendrites can only be found in the bubbles located inside the interface transit zone.

Zhang, AW, Jiao, SH, Jiang, ZY, Sun, QS & Wei, DB 2011, 'The Influence of Enamel Firing Process on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steel Substrate', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 194-196, pp. 144-149.
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The as-rolled and enamel fired microstructure and mechanical properties of two low carbon steels with different compositions were analysed in the paper. The results show that the grains do not coarsen in lab firing process, and could be refined after industrial enamel firing process. The strength can keep stable in the firing process and the impact energy could be enhanced greatly under the industrial enamel firing process. The surface decarburized layer was occurred as a result of chemical reaction among the carbon in steel and water, oxides in the enamel frit.

Zhang, G, Zhang, G, Gao, Y & Lu, J 2011, 'Competitive Strategic Bidding Optimization in Electricity Markets Using Bilevel Programming and Swarm Technique', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 2138-2146.
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Competitive strategic bidding optimization is now a key issue in electricity generator markets. Digital ecosystems provide a powerful technological foundation and support for the implementation of the optimization. This paper presents a new strategic bidding optimization technique which applies bilevel programming and swarm intelligence. In this paper, we first propose a general multileader-one-follower nonlinear bilevel (MLNB) optimization concept and related definitions based on the generalized Nash equilibrium. By analyzing the strategic bidding behavior of generating companies, we create a specific MLNB decision model for day-ahead electricity markets. The MLNB decision model allows each generating company to choose its biddings to maximize its individual profit, and a market operator can find its minimized purchase electricity fare, which is determined by the output power of each unit and the uniform marginal prices. We then develop a particle-swarm-optimization-based algorithm to solve the problem defined in the MLNB decision model. The experiment results on a strategic bidding problem for a day-ahead electricity market have demonstrated the validity of the proposed decision model and algorithm. © 2010 IEEE.

Zhang, G-Q, Zheng, Z, Lu, J & He, Q 2011, 'AN ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING RULE SETS-BASED BILEVEL DECISION PROBLEMS', COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 235-259.
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Bilevel decision addresses the problem in which two levels of decision makers each tries to optimize their individual objectives under certain constraints, and to act and react in an uncooperative and sequential manner. Given the difficulty of formulating a bilevel decision problem by mathematical functions, a rule sets-based bilevel decision (RSBLD) model was proposed. This article presents an algorithm to solve a RSBLD problem. A case-based example is given to illustrate the functions of the proposed algorithm. Finally, a set of experiments is analyzed to further show the functions and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

ZHANG, JIE, LU, JIE & ZHANG, G 2011, 'A SEASONAL AUTO-REGRESSIVE MODEL BASED SUPPORT VECTOR REGRESSION PREDICTION METHOD FOR H5N1 AVIAN INFLUENZA ANIMAL EVENTS', International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, vol. 10, no. 02, pp. 199-230.
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The time series prediction of avian influenza epidemics is a complex issue, because avian influenza has latent seasonality which is difficult to identify. Although researchers have applied a neural network (NN) model and the Box-Jenkins model for the seasonal epidemic series research area, the results are limited. In this study, we develop a new prediction seasonal auto-regressive-based support vector regression (SAR-SVR) model which combines the seasonal auto-regressive (SAR) model with a support vector regression (SVR) model to address this prediction problem to overcome existing limitations. Fast Fourier transformation is also merged into this method to identify the latent seasonality inside the time series. The experiments demonstrate that the developed SAR-SVR method out-performs SVR, Box-Jenkins models and two layer feed forward NN model-both in accuracy and stability in the avian influenza epidemic disease time series prediction.

ZHANG, JIE, LU, JIE & ZHANG, G 2011, 'JOINT SUB-CLASSIFIERS ONE CLASS CLASSIFICATION MODEL FOR AVIAN INFLUENZA OUTBREAK DETECTION', International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, vol. 10, no. 04, pp. 425-443.
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H5N1 avian influenza outbreak detection is a significant issue for early warning of epidemics. This paper proposes domain knowledge-based joint one class classification model for avian influenza outbreak. Instead of focusing on manipulations of the one class classification model, we delve into the one class avian influenza dataset, divide it into sub-classes by domain knowledge, train the sub-class classifiers and unify the result of each classifier. The proposed joint method solves the one class classification and features selection problems together. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed joint model definitely outperforms the normal one class classification model on the animal avian influenza dataset.

Zhang, R, Castel, A & François, R 2011, 'Influence of steel–concrete interface defects owing to the top-bar effect on the chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcement', Magazine of Concrete Research, vol. 63, no. 10, pp. 773-781.
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This paper deals with the influence of the steel–concrete interface condition on the reinforcement corrosion in a chloride environment. Two large-sized concrete members were cast including horizontal reinforcements at different levels in order to create voids under the upper horizontal bars caused by the well-known ‘top-bar effect'. The walls were then sawn into small-sized specimens including one rebar. These small specimens were submitted to wetting–drying cycles in salt water (natural corrosion process). The polarisation resistance technique was performed to monitor the steel corrosion during the ageing up to 55 weeks. Chloride profiles were regularly measured and specimens were broken to observe the corrosion pattern. Results show that, first, a good-quality steel–concrete interface significantly reduces the corrosion rate in comparison with the specimen with interfacial defects. Second, before concrete cracking, the corrosion pattern observed is completely different between the specimens with or without defect. Perfect interface specimens show a typical local pitting corrosion pattern owing to chloride attack. However, specimens affected by the ‘top-bar effect' show a generalised corrosion along the steel surface affected by the void (surface under the horizontal steel bars in regard to concrete casting direction). Macrocell corrosion seems to develop between the lower surface affected by the void acting as an anode and the upper surface where the bond is perfect as the cathode. The concrete cracking is delayed for specimens affected by the ‘top-bar effect' in spite of a higher corrosion rate. This delay can be attributed to the time necessary for the rust to fill the voids.

Zhang, R, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2011, 'A knowledge-based multi-role decision support system for ore blending cost optimization of blast furnaces', EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH, vol. 215, no. 1, pp. 194-203.
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Literature illustrates the difficulties in obtaining the lowest-cost optimal solution to an ore blending problem for blast furnaces by using the traditional trial-and-error method in iron and steel enterprises. To solve this problem, we developed a cost optimization model which we have implemented in a multi-role-based decision support system (DSS). On the basis of analyzing the business flow and working process of ore blending, we propose an architecture of DSS which is built based on multi-roles. This DSS construction pre-processes the data for materials and elements, builds a general database, abstracts the related optimal operations research models and introduces the reasoning mechanism of an expert system. A non-linear model of ore blending for blast furnaces and its solutions are provided. A database, a model base and a knowledge base are integrated into the expert system-based multi-role DSS to meet the different demands of data, information and decision-making knowledge for the various roles of users. A comparison of the results for the DSS and the trial-and-error method is provided. The system has produced excellent economic benefits since it was implemented at the Xiangtan Iron & Steel Group Co. Ltd.; China. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Zhang, R, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2011, 'An information presentation method based on tree-like super entity component', JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE, vol. 84, no. 8, pp. 1306-1318.
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Information systems are increasingly oriented in the direction of large-scale integration due to the explosion of multi-source information. It is therefore important to discuss how to reasonably organize and present information from multiple structures and sources on the same information system platform. In this study, we propose a 3C (Components, Connections, Container) component model by combining white-box and black-box methods, design a tree-like super entity based on the model, present its construction and related algorithm, and take a tree-like super entity as the information organization method for multi-level entities. In order to represent structural, semi-structural and non-structural data on the same information system platform, an information presentation method based on an editable e-book component has been developed by combining the tree-like super entity component, QQ-style menu and 1/K switch connection component, which has been successfully applied in the Flood Protection Project Information System of the Yangtze River in China. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Zhang, XM, Jiang, ZY, Wei, DB, Liu, XH & Wang, GD 2011, 'Finite Element Modeling of Casting Roll during Twin-Roll Strip Casting', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 145, pp. 287-292.
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In twin-roll thin strip casting, the temperature distribution of casting roll affects the roll thermal stress, and influences the thermal deformation, the generation of roll surface cracks, the strip shape, and the service life of casting roll. In this paper, the temperature distributions of casting roll have been analysed, the effects of the roll sleeve thickness on the temperature field and thermal stress of casting roll have been simulated and discussed. The developed temperature model of casting roll is helpful in optimising the processing parameters and the design of casting roll during twin-roll thin strip casting.

Zhang, Y, He, J, Zhu, Y, Chen, H & Ma, H 2011, 'Directly observed Au–S bond breakage due to swelling of the anchored polyelectrolyte', Chem. Commun., vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 1190-1192.
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Zhang, Y, Zhang, W, Lin, X, Jiang, B & Pei, J 2011, 'Ranking uncertain sky: The probabilistic top-k skyline operator', Information Systems, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 898-915.
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Many recent applications involve processing and analyzing uncertain data. In this paper, we combine the feature of top-k objects with that of skyline to model the problem of top-k skyline objects against uncertain data. The problem of efficiently computing top-k skyline objects on large uncertain datasets is challenging in both discrete and continuous cases. In this paper, firstly an efficient exact algorithm for computing the top-k skyline objects is developed for discrete cases. To address applications where each object may have a massive set of instances or a continuous probability density function, we also develop an efficient randomized algorithm with an approximation guarantee. Moreover, our algorithms can be immediately extended to efficiently compute p-skyline; that is, retrieving the uncertain objects with skyline probabilities above a given threshold. Our extensive experiments on synthetic and real data demonstrate the efficiency of both algorithms and the randomized algorithm is highly accurate. They also show that our techniques significantly outperform the existing techniques for computing p-skyline. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Zhang, Y, Zhu, J, Xu, W & Guo, Y 2011, 'A Simple Method to Reduce Torque Ripple in Direct Torque-Controlled Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor by Using Vectors With Variable Amplitude and Angle', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 2848-2859.
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In this paper, a modified direct torque control (DTC) for permanent-magnet synchronous machines, which enables important torque- and flux-ripple reduction by using voltage vectors with variable amplitude and angle, is proposed. In the proposed DTC, the amplitudes of torque and flux errors are differentiated and employed to regulate the amplitude and angle of the output voltage vectors online, which are finally synthesized by space-vector modulation (SVM). Two simple formulas are developed to derive the amplitude and angle of the commanding voltage vectors from the errors of torque and flux only. The conventional switching table and hysteresis controllers are eliminated, and a fixed switching frequency is obtained with the help of SVM. Stator flux is estimated from an improved voltage model, which is based on a low-pass filter with compensations of the amplitude and phase. The proposed DTC is comparatively investigated with the existing SVM-DTC from the aspects of theory analysis, computer simulation, and experimental validation. The simulation and experimental results prove that the proposed DTC is very simple and provides excellent steady-state response, quick dynamic performance, and strong robustness against external disturbance and control-parameter variations.

Zhao, L, Wong, L & Li, J 2011, 'Antibody-Specified B-Cell Epitope Prediction in Line with the Principle of Context-Awareness', IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 1483-1494.
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Context-awareness is a characteristic in the recognition between antigens and antibodies, highlighting the reconfiguration of epitope residues when an antigen interacts with a different antibody. A coarse binary classification of antigen regions into epitopes, or nonepitopes without specifying antibodies may not accurately reflect this biological reality. Therefore, we study an antibody-specified epitope prediction problem in line with this principle. This problem is new and challenging as we pinpoint a subset of the antigenic residues from an antigen when it binds to a specific antibody. We introduce two kinds of associations of the contextual awareness: 1) residues-residues pairing preference, and 2) the dependence between sets of contact residue pairs. Preference plays a bridging role to link interacting paratope and epitope residues while dependence is used to extend the association from one-dimension to two-dimension. The paratope/epitope residues' relative composition, cooperativity ratios, and Markov properties are also utilized to enhance our method. A nonredundant data set containing 80 antibody-antigen complexes is compiled and used in the evaluation. The results show that our method yields a good performance on antibody-specified epitope prediction. On the traditional antibody-ignored epitope prediction problem, a simplified version of our method can produce a competitive, sometimes much better, performance in comparison with three structure-based predictors. © 2011 IEEE.

Zhao, W, Lu, DD-C & Agelidis, VG 2011, 'Current Control of Grid-Connected Boost Inverter With Zero Steady-State Error', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 2825-2834.
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ZHAO, X, YU, X, SUN, L, HU, K, WANG, G & ZHANG, L 2011, 'Non-rigid Object Tracking as Salient Region Segmentation and Association', IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, vol. E94-D, no. 4, pp. 934-937.
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Zhao, Y, Cao, J, Zhang, C & Zhang, S 2011, 'Enhancing grid-density based clustering for high dimensional data', Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 84, no. 9, pp. 1524-1539.
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We propose an enhanced grid-density based approach for clustering high dimensional data. Our technique takes objects (or points) as atomic units in which the size requirement to cells is waived without losing clustering accuracy. For efficiency, a new partitioning is developed to make the number of cells smoothly adjustable; a concept of the ith-order neighbors is defined for avoiding considering the exponential number of neighboring cells; and a novel density compensation is proposed for improving the clustering accuracy and quality. We experimentally evaluate our approach and demonstrate that our algorithm significantly improves the clustering accuracy and quality. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Zhao, Y, Niu, Z, Peng, X & Dai, L 2011, 'A Discretization Algorithm of Numerical Attributes for Digital Library Evaluation Based on Data Mining Technology', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 7008 LNCS, pp. 70-76.
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We present here a discretization algorithm for numerical attributes of digital collections. In our research data mining technology is imported into digital library evaluation to provide a better decision-making support. But data prediction algorithms work not well based on the traditional discretization method during the data mining process. The reason is that numerical attributes of digital collections are complicated and not in the same scale of distribution distance. We study the characteristic of numerical attributes and put forward a discretization method based on the Z-score idea of mathematical statistics. This algorithm can reflect the dynamic semantic distance for different numerical attributes and significantly enhance the precision rate and recall rate of data prediction algorithms. Furthermore a 'nonlinear conditional relationship' among attributes of digital collections is discovered during the study of discretization algorithm and impacts the actual application result of traditional data mining algorithms. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Zhao, YX, Gao, BY, Cao, BC, Yang, ZL, Yue, QV, Shon, HK & Kim, J-H 2011, 'Comparison of coagulation behavior and floc characteristics of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) with surface water treatment', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, vol. 166, no. 2, pp. 544-550.
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Coagulation behavior of Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) was comparatively investigated in terms of the removal of turbidity and natural organic matter (NOM) with surface water. The growth, breakage and re-growth nature of flocs were also compared. The results show that the removals of chemical oxidation demand (CODMn) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were 51.5% and 78.4% at optimal dosage for TiCl4 and 29.8% and 41.0% for PACl, respectively. The floc breakage and re-growth indicated that TiCl4 and PACl coagulation occurred not only by charge neutralization but also by a form of sweep flocculation. Besides, flocs formed by PACl had better recoverability than the flocs formed by TiCl4. Sludge produced from TiCl4 flocculation was calcined at 600 â¦C to produce TiO2, and the photocatalytic activity in removing reactive brilliant red (K-2BP) was evaluated in comparison with commercially available TiO2 (P-25). The photocatalytic oxidation rates of K-2BP after 2 h photocatalytic reaction were 91.4% and 92.9% for as-prepared TiO2 and P-25, respectively.

Zhao, YX, Gao, BY, Rong, HY, Shon, HK, Kim, J-H, Yue, QY & Wang, Y 2011, 'The impacts of coagulant aid-polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride on coagulation performances and floc characteristics in humic acid-kaolin synthetic water treatment with titanium tetrachloride', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, vol. 173, no. 2, pp. 376-384.
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Coagulation of humic acidâkaolin synthetic water was conducted with Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and/or polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PD) to assess the effect of coagulant aid PD on coagulation behavior and floc characteristics. Coagulation behavior was investigated in terms of the reduction of turbidity and the removal of natural organic matter (NOM). The results show that the humic acid (HA) removal increased with the addition of PD depending on the doses of it and TiCl4, and the HA removal was more enhanced by PD at low TiCl4 doses than at higher ones. In addition, PD-TiCl4 (PD dosed firstly, followed by TiCl4 addition) gave better turbidity and HA removal than TiCl4-PD (TiCl4 dosed firstly, followed by PD addition) in this investigation. The growth, breakage, regrowth and fractal nature of flocs was investigated by use of Mastersizer 2000. TiCl4 plus cationic polymer PD exhibited an apparent improvement on floc size and floc grow rate, and they were both in the following order: PD-TiCl4 > TiCl4-PD > TiCl4. Compared with TiCl4, the dual-coagulants significantly improved the floc recoverability. Besides, the dual-coagulants gave more compact floc structure than TiCl4 coagulant at each coagulant dose under investigation and the values of fractal dimension (Df) were in the order of TiCl4-PD > PD-TiCl4 > TiCl4.

Zhao, YX, Gao, BY, Shon, HK, Cao, BC & Kim, J-H 2011, 'Coagulation characteristics of titanium (Ti) salt coagulant compared with aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) salts', JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, vol. 185, no. 2-3, pp. 1536-1542.
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In this study, the performance of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) coagulation and flocculation is compared with commonly used coagulants such as aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), polyaluminum chloride (PACl), iron chloride (FeCl3), and polyferric sulfate (PFS) in terms of water quality parameters and floc properties. TiCl4 flocculation achieved higher removal of UV254 (98%), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (84%) and turbidity (93%) than other conventional coagulants. Charge neutralization and physical entrapment of colloids within coagulant precipitates and adsorption, seemed to play a significant role during TiCl4 flocculation, while the main mechanism for conventional coagulants was bridge-aggregation and adsorption. The aggregated flocs after TiCl4 flocculation showed the fastest growth rate compared to the other coagulants, with the largest floc size (801m) occurring within 8 min. The floc strength factor of PACl, Al2(SO4)3, PFS, FeCl3 and TiCl4 was 34, 30, 29, 26 and 29, respectively, while the floc recovery factor of the TiCl4 coagulant was the lowest. Based on the results of the above study, it is concluded that the TiCl4 flocculation can reduce the hydraulic retention time of slow and rapid mixing, however, careful handling of sludge is required due to the low recoverability of the aggregated floc.

Zhao, YX, Gao, BY, Shon, HK, Kim, J-H & Yue, QY 2011, 'Effect of shear force, solution pH and breakage period on characteristics of flocs formed by Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and Polyaluminum chloride (PACl) with surface water treatment', JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, vol. 187, no. 1-3, pp. 495-501.
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The growth, breakage and regrowth nature of flocs formed by Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) was comparatively evaluated with surface water treatment. A series of jar experiments were conducted to investigate the impacts of different operating parameters such as shear force, solution pH and a breakage period on floc strength and re-aggregation potential. Results indicated that the responses of flocs to different operating parameters depend on the coagulant used. The ability of floc to resist breakage decreased with the increase of shear force and breakage period. Floc strength properties were also measured in response to increasing shear force, with the results suggesting that the order of floc strength was TiCl4 > PACl. Floc regrowth of the two coagulants after exposure to high shear was limited, and flocs formed by TiCl4 displayed weaker recoverability. The flocs generated in acid conditions were more recoverable than those generated in alkaline conditions no matter which coagulant was used.

Zhao, YX, Gao, BY, Shon, HK, Kim, J-H, Yue, QY & Wang, Y 2011, 'Floc characteristics of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) compared with aluminum and iron salts in humic acid-kaolin synthetic water treatment', SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 332-338.
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The floc strength and regrowth properties of TiCl4, FeCl3, and Al2 SO4)3 were comparatively evaluated using humic acidâkaolin synthetic water sample. At the given optimum dosage (20 mg/L as Ti, 8 mg/L as Fe, and 2 mg/L as Al, respectively), the floc growth, breakage and regrowth of TiCl4, FeCl3, and Al2(SO4)3 were investigated by use of a laser diffraction particle sizing device. Jar tests were conducted to investigate the impact of shear force and breakage period on floc breakage and re-aggregation potential. Results indicated that the responses of flocs to increasing shear force and breakage period depend on the coagulant used. The ability of floc to resist breakage decreased with the increase of shear force. Floc strength properties were also measured in response to increasing shear force, with the results suggesting that the order of floc strength was TiCl4 > FeCl3 > Al2(SO4)3. Floc regrowth of these three coagulants after exposure to high shear was limited, and flocs formed by TiCl4 displayed the weakest recoverability. Similar results were obtained when breakage period was different.

Zhao, YX, Gao, BY, Shon, HK, Wang, Y, Kim, J-H & Yue, QY 2011, 'The effect of second coagulant dose on the regrowth of flocs formed by charge neutralization and sweep coagulation using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4)', JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, vol. 198, pp. 70-77.
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Characteristics of flocs formed by charge neutralization and sweep coagulation using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) were investigated with humic acidâkaolin suspension by continuous optical monitoring. This paper focused on the regrowth ability of broken flocs after addition of second TiCl4 dose. Variation of floc size and the fractal dimension of flocs versus second TiCl4 dose after regrowth were investigated. Second TiCl4 dose was added during the floc breakage period, and addition time of second TiCl4 dose was also investigated. The results showed that, when coagulated by charge neutralization at pH 6, an appropriate second TiCl4 dose improved regrowth ability of broken flocs at low initial TiCl4 doses. While for high initial TiCl4 doses, second TiCl4 dose lowered floc re-growth ability. When coagulated by sweep coagulation at pH 10, second TiCl4 dose made regrown flocs larger than those without second TiCl4 dose. Floc structure analysis showed that it was determined by not only the fractal dimension of flocs, but also the chemical characteristics of floc surface. Addition time of second TiCl4 dose had a great effect on floc regrowth ability, suggesting that the broken flocs had better regrowth when second TiCl4 dose was added at the end of the breakage period.

Zheng, L, He, X, Wu, Q & Samali, B 2011, 'A system for licence plate recognition using a hierarchically combined classifier', International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 189-189.
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In a real time, automatic licence plate recognition system, licence detection, character segmentation and character recognition are three important components. All these three components generally require high accuracy and fast recognition speed to process. In this paper, general processing steps for license plate recognition (LPR) are addressed. After three types of combined classifiers are introduced and compared, a hierarchically combined classifier is designed based on an inductive learning-based method and an support vector machine (SVM)-based classification. This approach employs the inductive learning-based method to roughly divide all classes into smaller groups. Then, the SVM approach is used for character classification in individual groups. Having obtained a collection of samples of characters in advance from licence plates after licence detection and character segmentation steps, some known samples are available for training. After the training process, the inductive learning rules are extracted for rough classification and the parameters used for SVM-based classification are obtained. Then, a classification tree is constructed for next fast training and testing processes based on SVMs. The experimental results show that the hierarchically combined classifier is better than either the inductive learning-based classification or the SVM-based classification with a lower error rate and a faster processing speed. © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Zhu, JG, Guo, YG, Lin, ZW, Li, YJ & Huang, YK 2011, 'Development of PM Transverse Flux Motors With Soft Magnetic Composite Cores', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 4376-4383.
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Compared with the conventional fixed speed drive, a major factor that handicaps the wide acceptance of variable speed drive with high ef?ciency permanent magnet (PM) motors is its high cost. This paper presents an effort to reduce the material and manufacturing costs of PM motors by using the soft magnetic composite (SMC), and the highly matured powder metallurgic technology. Because the SMCs magnetic properties are quite different from that of the traditional silicon steel sheets, special efforts have been made on measurement and modelling of vectorial magnetic properties, electrical machine topologies, and drive schemes in order to make the best use of the material. Various PM SMC motors of transverse ?ux topologies have been designed, fabricated, and tested. The detailed results are presented and discussed

Zhu, X, Ding, W, Yu, PS & Zhang, C 2011, 'One-class learning and concept summarization for data streams', Knowledge and Information Systems, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 523-553.
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In this paper, we formulate a new research problem of concept learning and summarization for one-class data streams. The main objectives are to (1) allow users to label instance groups, instead of single instances, as positive samples for learning, and (2) summarize concepts labeled by users over the whole stream. The employment of the batch-labeling raises serious issues for stream-oriented concept learning and summarization, because a labeled instance group may contain non-positive samples and users may change their labeling interests at any time. As a result, so the positive samples labeled by users, over the whole stream, may be inconsistent and contain multiple concepts. To resolve these issues, we propose a one-class learning and summarization (OCLS) framework with two major components.

Zhu, X, Li, B, Wu, X, He, D & Zhang, C 2011, 'CLAP: Collaborative pattern mining for distributed information systems', Decision Support Systems, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 40-51.
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The purpose of data mining from distributed information systems is usually threefold: (1) identifying locally significant patterns in individual databases; (2) discovering emerging significant patterns after unifying distributed databases in a single view; and (3) finding patterns which follow special relationships across different data collections. While existing research has significantly advanced the techniques for mining local and global patterns (the first two goals), very little attempt has been made to discover patterns across distributed databases (the third goal). Moreover, no framework currently exists to support the mining of all three types of patterns. This paper proposes solutions to discover patterns from distributed databases. More specifically, we consider pattern mining as a query process where the purpose is to discover patterns from distributed databases with patterns' relationships satisfying user specified query constraints. We argue that existing self-contained mining frameworks are neither efficient, nor feasible to fulfill the objective, mainly because their pattern pruning is single-database oriented. To solve the problem, we advocate a cross-database pruning concept and propose a collaborative pattern (CLAP) mining framework with cross-database pruning mechanisms for distributed pattern mining. In CLAP, distributed databases collaboratively exchange pattern information between sites so that each site can leverage information from other sites to gain cross-database pruning. Experimental results show that CLAP fits a niche position, and demonstrate that CLAP not only outperforms its other peers with significant runtime performance gains, but also helps find patterns incapable of being discovered by others. © 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Zhu, XQ, Law, SS & Jayawardhan, M 2011, 'Experimental study on Statistical Damage Detection of RC Structures based on Wavelet Packet Analysis', Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 305, pp. 012107-012107.
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Zhu, Y, Lv, B, Zhang, P & Ma, H 2011, 'Swelling induced Au–S bond breakage is determined by the molecular composition of surface tethered copolymers—carboxylated poly(OEGMA-r-HEMA)', Chemical Communications, vol. 47, no. 35, pp. 9855-9855.
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Zhuang, J, Tsang, IW & Hoi, SCH 2011, 'A family of simple non-parametric Kernel learning algorithms', Journal of Machine Learning Research, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1313-1347.
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Previous studies of Non-Parametric Kernel Learning (NPKL) usually formulate the learning task as a Semi-Definite Programming (SDP) problem that is often solved by some general purpose SDP solvers. However, for TV data examples, the time complexity of NPKL using a standard interior-point SDP solver could be as high as 0(N6.5), which prohibits NPKL methods applicable to real applications, even for data sets of moderate size. In this paper, we present a family of efficient NPKL algorithms, termed 'SimpleNPKL', which can learn non-parametric kernels from a large set of pairwise constraints efficiently. In particular, we propose two efficient SimpleNPKL algorithms. One is SimpleNPKL algorithm with linear loss, which enjoys a closed-form solution that can be efficiently computed by the Lanczos sparse eigen decomposition technique. Another one is SimpleNPKL algorithm with other loss functions (including square hinge loss, hinge loss, square loss) that can be re-formulated as a saddle-point optimization problem, which can be further resolved by a fast iterative algorithm. In contrast to the previous NPKL approaches, our empirical results show that the proposed new technique, maintaining the same accuracy, is significantly more efficient and scalable. Finally, we also demonstrate that the proposed new technique is also applicable to speed up many kernel learning tasks, including colored maximum variance unfolding, minimum volume embedding, and structure preserving embedding. © 2011 Jinfeng Zhuang, Ivor W. Tsang and Steven C.H. Hoi.

Zong, Y, Xu, G, Jin, P, Zhang, Y & Chen, E 2011, 'HC_AB: A new heuristic clustering algorithm based on Approximate Backbone', Information Processing Letters, vol. 111, no. 17, pp. 857-863.
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Clustering is an important research area with numerous applications in pattern recognition, machine learning, and data mining. Since the clustering problem on numeric data sets can be formulated as a typical combinatorial optimization problem, many researches have addressed the design of heuristic algorithms for finding sub-optimal solutions in a reasonable period of time. However, most of the heuristic clustering algorithms suffer from the problem of being sensitive to the initialization and do not guarantee the high quality results. Recently, Approximate Backbone (AB), i.e., the commonly shared intersection of several sub-optimal solutions, has been proposed to address the sensitivity problem of initialization. In this paper, we aim to introduce the AB into heuristic clustering to overcome the initialization sensitivity of conventional heuristic clustering algorithms. The main advantage of the proposed method is the capability of restricting the initial search space around the optimal result by defining the AB, and in turn, reducing the impact of initialization on clustering, eventually improving the performance of heuristic clustering. Experiments on synthetic and real world data sets are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comparison to three conventional heuristic clustering algorithms and three other algorithms with improvement on initialization

Zong, Y, Xu, GD, Zhang, YC & Li, MC 2011, 'Node priority guided clustering algorithm', Kongzhi yu Juece/Control and Decision, vol. 26, no. 6.
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Density-based clustering algorithms have the advantages of clustering with arbitrary shapes and handling noise data, but cannot deal with unsymmetrical density distribution and high dimensionality dataset. Therefore, a node priority guided clustering algorithm(NPGC) is proposed. A direct K neighbor graph of dataset is set up based on KNN neighbor method. Then the local information of each node in graph is captured by using KNN kernel density estimate method, and the node priority is calculated by passing the local information through graph. Finally, a depth-first search on graph is applied to find out the clustering results based on the local kernel degree. Experiment results show that NPGC has the ability to deal with unsymmetrical density distribution and high dimensionality dataset.

Abeywardena, D, Kodagoda, S, Munasinghe, R & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'A virtual odometer for a Quadrotor Micro Aerial Vehicle', Proceedings of the 2011 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australian Robotics and Automation Association, Monash University, Melbourne, pp. 1-8.
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This paper describes the synthesis and evaluation of a 'virtual odometer' for a Quadrotor Micro Aerial Vehicle. Availability of a velocity estimate has the potential to enhance the accuracy of mapping, estimation and control algorithms used with quadrotors, increasing the effectiveness of their applications. As a result of the unique dynamic characteristics of the quadrotor, a dual axis accelerometer mounted parallel to the propeller plane provides measurements that are directly proportional to vehicle velocities in that plane. Exploiting this insight, we encapsulate quadrotor dynamic equations which relate acceleration, attitude and the aerodynamic propeller drag in an extended Kalman filter framework for the purpose of state estimation. The result is a drift free estimation of lateral and longitudinal components of translational velocity and roll and pitch components of attitude of the quadrotor. Real world data sets gathered from two different quadrotor platforms, together with ground truth data from a Vicon system, are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and demonstrate that drift free estimates for the velocity and attitude can be obtained.

Afzal, MU, Qureshi, AA, Tarar, MA & Taqueer, T 1970, 'Modeling and simulation of an X-band planar phased array antenna', 2011 China Japan Joint Microwave Conference Proceedings Cjmw 2011, pp. 231-234.
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In fields like medical science, communication, weather forecasting and defense industry, active phased array radars is a revolutionary development, due to its benefit of beam steering over conventional radar. Small size, light weight, efficient and high gain antenna array design are important areas of research in active phase array radar that can meet the subject requirements. Paper presents compact micro strip patched phase array antenna at X-band. The design process, along with the simulated results of beam steering, is presented. Simulations were carried out in Momentum - an Electromagnetic (EM) simulation tool of Advance Design System (ADS) software. Simulated results matched well with the theoretical values. © 2011 CJMW.

Afzal, MU, Qureshi, AA, Tarar, MA & Tauqeer, T 1970, 'Analysis, design, and simulation of phased array radar front-end', 2011 7th International Conference on Emerging Technologies, 2011 7th International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET 2011), IEEE, pp. 1-6.
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Phased array technology has brought revolution not only in the defense but also in the commercial industry. Considering the development taking place in this area, it can be safely said that the future belongs to the phased array technology. This paper presents system level modeling and integration of the front end of phased array radar. This includes the modeling and simulation of an antenna array, transceiver (TR) module and the target detection. Concept of beam formation and steering is also explained with the help of simulation. The system level modeling is carried out in Advance Design System (ADS) and Momentum - an Electromagnetic (EM) tool of ADS. An effort in the simulations is made towards the realization, understanding and highlighting the challenges involved in the practical implementation of the system. © 2011 IEEE.

Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Uthman, M, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Ultra Low Bending Loss Spiral Photonic Crystal Fibers in Terahertz Regime', CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications, CLEO: Science and Innovations, OSA, pp. CThN1-CThN1.
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Aguilera, RP & Quevedo, DE 1970, 'On stability and performance of finite control set MPC for power converters', 2011 Workshop on Predictive Control of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics, 2011 IEEE Workshop on Predictive Control of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics (PRECEDE), IEEE, Munich, Germany, pp. 55-62.
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In the present work, we provide sufficient conditions for local practical stability for a specific class of power converters controlled via Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control which can be modeled as linear time-invariant systems with quantized input. In addition, we also establish bounds on the steady state behaviour of such systems. As illustrative examples, we apply our results to two converters, namely, a buck DC-DC converter, and a 2-level DC-AC inverter in a dq-coordinate frame. © 2011 IEEE.

Aguilera, RP & Quevedo, DE 1970, 'On the stability of MPC with a Finite Input Alphabet', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, IFAC World Congress, Elsevier BV, Milano, Italy, pp. 7975-7980.
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This paper studies stability of Model Predictive Control for systems with a finite input alphabet. Since this kind of systems may present a steady-state error under closedloop control, the forms is on stability in the sense of ultimate boundedness of solutions. To derive suffcient conditions for stability, two different approaches are presented. The first one approximates the finite input alphabet via saturation-control allowing us to analyze the problem from a robust control perspective. In the second approach, a direct analysis of the problem is carried out. The results thus obtained are shown to be less conservative regarding ultimate bounded set than those obtained via the robust control approach. © 2011 IFAC.

Ahmad, A, Huang, S, Wang, JJ & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'A new state vector for range-only SLAM', 2011 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), 2011 23rd Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), IEEE, Mianyang, Sichuan, China, pp. 3404-3409.
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This paper considers the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem where the range-only sensor is used. Landmark initialization is a critical issue in range-only SLAM due to the lack of bearing information from the robot to the landmarks. A new state vector is proposed to be used in solving the range-only SLAM. In the new state vector, the landmark position is represented in different ways under different situations. This new representation avoids the need of multiple hypotheses on the landmark positions implemented in most of the existing range-only SLAM algorithms. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new range-only SLAM algorithm using the new state vector within the least squares framework. © 2011 IEEE.

Ahmad, MR, Rashid, M, Aziz, MHA, Esa, MM, Cooray, V, Rahman, M & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Analysis of lightning-induced transient in 2.4 GHz wireless communication system', Proceeding of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace), 2011 International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace), IEEE, Penang, Malaysia, pp. 225-230.
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This paper analyzes the effects of transient from lightning channel to wireless communication system operating in microwave band at 2.4 GHz. Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) measurement method has been used to capture 3 lightning flashes (naked eyes method) with 7 spikes recorded at r distance from the lightning channel base with fixed d Transmitter-Receiver (T-R) separation at 1 meter. The transient effects have been evaluated in terms of Electric Field Strength, Signal-to-Interference-Noise Ratio (SINR), Bit Error Rate (BER) and Packet Error Rate (PER). During the first lightning flash event, more than 50% of total transmitted packets were corrupted for at least 3 seconds duration. The same happens during the second and third lightning flash events with more than 40% and 15% packets corrupted for durations of 3 and 2 seconds respectively. Interestingly the most suffered traffic types are video and speech signal transmission while data transmission is not affected at all. © 2011 IEEE.

Ahmed Talukder, S & Huynh, P 1970, 'Effects of Number of Stator Blades on the Performance of a Torque Converter', Proceedings of the 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, ASME, Denver, Colorado, USA, pp. 1-5.
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Torque converter (TC) is a totally enclosed hydrodynamic turbomachine, used most often in automobiles for the smooth transfer of power and speed change from the engine to the transmission, and torque magnification. A typical TC has 3 major components: a pump that is attached directly to the TC cover and connected to the engine shaft, a turbine connected to the transmission shaft, and a stator connected to the transmission housing via a one-way clutch and providing guidance for the fluid flow. In this work, effects of the number of stator blades on the performance of a TC are investigated numerically, using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package. The standard k-epsilon turbulence model was used. A Newtonian fluid whose properties correspond to industrial oil was used for the working fluid. The range of speed ratio (between turbine's speed and pump's) of 0.2-0.8 was considered. It was found that as the stator blades' number increases (here from 13 to 19), the TC's efficiency and torque ratio vary significantly, passing through minimum and generally also reaching a maximum.

Ahmed, LA, Nguyen, ND, Bjornerem, A, Joakimsen, RM, Jorgensen, L, Bliuc, D, Center, JR, Eisman, JA, Nguyen, TV & Emaus, N 1970, 'INDEPENDENT VALIDATION OF THE GARVAN NOMOGRAMS FOR PREDICTING ABSOLUTE FRACTURE RISK: TROMSO STUDY', OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL, IOF Regionals 2nd Asia-Pacific Osteoporosis and Bone Meeting / ANZBMS Annual Scientific Meeting held with the JSBMR, SPRINGER LONDON LTD, Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA, pp. S657-S658.

Al Sabbagh, A & Braun, RM 1970, 'A Markovian Model for Load-Balancing Based and Service Based Algorithms in B3G Networks', International Conference on Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (ICCNMC 2011), International Conference on Networking and Mobile Computing, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology (WASET), Dubai, UAE, pp. 827-833.
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Next Generation Wireless Network (NGWN) is expected to be a heterogeneous network which integrates all different Radio Access Technologies (RATs) through a common platform. A major challenge is how to allocate users to the most suitable RAT for them. An optimized solution can lead to maximize the efficient use of radio resources, achieve better performance for service providers and provide Quality of Service (QoS) with low costs to users. Currently, Radio Resource Management (RRM) is implemented efficiently for the RAT that it was developed. However, it is not suitable for a heterogeneous network. Common RRM (CRRM) was proposed to manage radio resource utilization in the heterogeneous network. This paper presents a user level Markov model for a three co-located RAT networks. The load-balancing based and service based CRRM algorithms have been studied using the presented Markov model. A comparison for the performance of load-balancing based and service based CRRM algorithms is studied in terms of traffic distribution, new call blocking probability, vertical handover (VHO) call dropping probability and throughput.

Al Sabbagh, A, Braun, RM & Abolhasan, M 1970, 'A Comprehensive Survey on RAT Selection Algorithms for Beyond 3G Networks', International Conference on Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (ICCNMC 2011), International Conference on Computer Networks and Mobile Computing, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology - WASET, Dubai, pp. 834-838.
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Due to the coexistence of different Radio Access Technologies (RATs), Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWN) are predicted to be heterogeneous in nature. The coexistence of different RATs requires a need for Common Radio Resource Management (CRRM) to support the provision of Quality of Service (QoS) and the efficient utilization of radio resources. RAT selection algorithms are part of the CRRM algorithms. Simply, their role is to verify if an incoming call will be suitable to fit into a heterogeneous wireless network, and to decide which of the available RATs is most suitable to fit the need of the incoming call and admit it. Guaranteeing the requirements of QoS for all accepted calls and at the same time being able to provide the most efficient utilization of the available radio resources is the goal of RAT selection algorithm. The normal call admission control algorithms are designed for homogeneous wireless networks and they do not provide a solution to fit a heterogeneous wireless network which represents the NGWN. Therefore, there is a need to develop RAT selection algorithm for heterogeneous wireless network. In this paper, we propose an approach for RAT selection which includes receiving different criteria, assessing and making decisions, then selecting the most suitable RAT for incoming calls. A comprehensive survey of different RAT selection algorithms for a heterogeneous wireless network is studied.

Alem, L & Huang, W 1970, 'Developing Mobile Remote Collaboration Systems for Industrial Use: Some Design Challenges', HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION - INTERACT 2011, PT IV, 13th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Lisbon, PORTUGAL, pp. 442-445.
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Alem, L, Tecchia, F & Huang, W 1970, 'Remote tele-assistance system for maintenance operators in mines', 11th Underground Coal Operators' Conference, University of Wollongong & the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Wollongong, pp. 171-177.

Al-hassan, M, Lu, H & Lu, J 1970, 'Personalized e-Government Services: Tourism Recommender System Framework', WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES, International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies, Springer, Valencia, Spain, pp. 173-187.
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Most governments around the globe use the internet and information technologies to deliver information and services for citizens and businesses. One of the main directions in the current e-government (e-Gov) development strategy is to provide better online services to citizens such that the required information can be located by citizens with less time and effort. Tourism is one of the main focused areas of e-Gov development strategy because it is one of the major profitable industries. Significant efforts have been devoted by governments to improve tourism services. However, the current e-Gov tourism services are limited to simple online presentation; intelligent e-Gov tourism services are highly desirable. Personalization techniques, particularly recommendation systems, are the most promising techniques to deliver personalized e-Gov (Pe-Gov) tourism services. This study proposes ontology-based personalized e-Gov tourism recommender system framework, which would enable tourism information seekers to locate the most interesting destinations and find the most preferable attractions and activities with less time and effort. The main components of the proposed framework and some outstanding features are presented along with a detailed description of a scenario. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Ali, MS, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Identification of critical parameters for distribution networks with DFIG and dynamic loads', 2011 21st Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference Aupec 2011, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.
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In this paper, the modelling of distribution network with Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is presented in a different way where the resistances of the lines are considered. Induction motor is considered as dynamic load which causes the voltage stability problems in power distribution system. Based on this modelling, this paper presents an analysis to investigate the critical parameters for distribution systems with dynamic loads where DFIGs are used as distributed generation that affect the stability. In order to analyze the critical parameters, the system is linearized about an operating point by using Taylor series expansion method. The critical parameters are investigated through the concept of eigenvalues and participation factors. Finally this paper shows that varying the line resistor, the marginally stable system goes to the unstable mode. © 2011 Queensland Univ of Tech.

Al-Kilidar, H, Davis, S, Kutay, C & Killen, CP 1970, 'Towards Project Portfolio Management for Sustainable Outcomes in the Construction Industry', Proceedings of the Annual Project Management Australia Conference (PMOz): Project Management at the Speed of Light, Project Management conference, Project Management Australia, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-7.

Altaee, A 1970, 'Alternative design to dual stage NF seawater desalination using high rejection brackish water membranes', Separations Division - Core Programming Topic at the 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting, pp. 23-39.
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Dual stage NF membrane desalination process was proposed as an alternative approach to RO seawater desalination. Despite of being cheaper than RO desalination, dual stage NF process is not commercially applied yet due to the low overall recovery rate. In an attempt to increase the process recovery rate and reducing the operation complicity, Brackish Water RO membrane was used instead of NF in the second stage. ROSA software was used in this study to verify the applicability and cost-effectiveness of the NF-BW dual stage desalination process. Similarly to dual stage NF desalination process, an NF membrane was used in the first stage and BW membrane in the second stage. Permeate from NF membrane was used as a feed into the BW membranes. The effect of membrane type and seawater salinity on the process performance was investigated. For any given recovery rate and seawater salinity, the simulation results showed that the overall cost of NF-NF was slightly lower than the NF-BW process but that was on the cost of higher permeate TDS. For instance, at 43000 mg/l feed salinity the difference in the specific power consumption between NF-NF and NF-BW process was 0.38 kWh/m3. The permeate TDS was 125 mg/l for NF-BW and 1030 mg/l for NF-NF process. The difference in the permeate TDS between NF-NF and NF-BW process increased with increasing the feed salinity. In dual stage NF process, a low permeate was achieved at low recovery rate. For example, at 43000 mg/l feed salinity the permeate TDS from dual stage NF process was 359 mg/l when the overall recovery rate was 22%. It was also found that the effect of BW membrane type on the process efficiency was insignificant. Finally, the energy requirements of NF-NF and NF-BW were compared to a single stage RO desalination process. The specific power consumption at 43000 mg/l feed salinity was 4.58 kWh/m3, 4.2 kWh/m3 and 3.86 kWh/m3 for RO, NF-BW and NF-NF process respectively.

Altaee, A 1970, 'Forward Osmosis: Potential use in Desalination and Water Reuse', Journal of Membrane and Separation Technology, AIChE Annual Meeting, Lifescience Global, pp. 79-93.
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There has been a recurring interest in using Forward Osmosis (FO) process in water treatment and desalination. Despite the promising results from pilot and bench scale experiments the technology is still not commercialized yet. This is due to the complicated nature of the process which usually involves multiple stages of treatment in addition to the FO membrane process. Unfortunately, most of the recent studies were focused on studying the FO process alone and didn’t provide enough data about the actual cost of the process as whole which includes the osmotic agent regeneration stage/s. This issue resulted in some uncertainties about the total cost of the water treatment by the process. Furthermore, more data are required to evaluate the impact of the osmotic agent losses on the overall cost and efficiency. In case if the draw solution is regenerated by membrane treatment, a suitable membrane should be selected to ensure an optimal salt rejection. For power generation by Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) process, there was an evident progress. However, the process is site specific; i.e. it is dependent of the availability of the draw and donor solution. This suggested that the process is applicable to certain areas but can’t be generalized.

Altaee, A 1970, 'Forward osmosis: Potential use in desalination and water treatment', Separations Division - Core Programming Topic at the 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting, pp. 787-807.
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There has been a recurring interest in using Forward Osmosis (FO) process in water treatment and desalination. The recent advance in membrane technology has encouraged further investment in the process technology. Despite the promising results from pilot and bench scale experiments the technology is still not commercialized yet. Obviously, this is due to the complicated nature of the process which usually involves multiple stages of treatment in addition to the FO membrane process. Unfortunately, most of the recent studies were focused on studying the FO process alone and didn't provide enough data about the actual cost of the process as whole which includes the osmotic agent regeneration stage/s. This issue resulted in some uncertainties about the total cost of the water treatment by the process. Furthermore, more data are required to evaluate the impact of the osmotic agent losses on the overall cost and efficiency. More data are required to evaluate the effect of salt diffusion from seawater to the draw solution on the product water quality. This is particularly important due to the salt accumulation in the system when the draw solution is recycled and reused. In case if the draw solution is regenerated by membrane treatment, a suitable membrane should be selected to ensure an optimal salt rejection. For power generation by Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) process, there was an evident progress. However, the process is site specific; i.e. It is dependent of the availability of the draw and donor solution. This suggested that the process is applicable to certain areas but can't be generalized. A quick review on the FO processes applications in water treatment and power generation is covered here to assess its potential use based on the recent development that have been made so far.

Altaee, A 1970, 'Forward osmosis: Potential use in desalination and water treatment', International Congress on Energy 2011 - Topical Conference at the 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting, pp. 79-99.
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There has been a recurring interest in using Forward Osmosis (FO) process in water treatment and desalination. The recent advance in membrane technology has encouraged further investment in the process technology. Despite the promising results from pilot and bench scale experiments the technology is still not commercialized yet. Obviously, this is due to the complicated nature of the process which usually involves multiple stages of treatment in addition to the FO membrane process. Unfortunately, most of the recent studies were focused on studying the FO process alone and didn't provide enough data about the actual cost of the process as whole which includes the osmotic agent regeneration stage/s. This issue resulted in some uncertainties about the total cost of the water treatment by the process. Furthermore, more data are required to evaluate the impact of the osmotic agent losses on the overall cost and efficiency. More data are required to evaluate the effect of salt diffusion from seawater to the draw solution on the product water quality. This is particularly important due to the salt accumulation in the system when the draw solution is recycled and reused. In case if the draw solution is regenerated by membrane treatment, a suitable membrane should be selected to ensure an optimal salt rejection. For power generation by Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) process, there was an evident progress. However, the process is site specific; i.e. it is dependent of the availability of the draw and donor solution. This suggested that the process is applicable to certain areas but can't be generalized. A quick review on the FO processes applications in water treatment and power generation is covered here to assess its potential use based on the recent development that have been made so far.

Altaee, A 1970, 'Forward osmosis: Potential use in desalination and water treatment', Catalysis and Reaction Engineering Division - Core Programming Topic at the 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting, pp. 100-120.
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There has been a recurring interest in using Forward Osmosis (FO) process in water treatment and desalination. The recent advance in membrane technology has encouraged further investment in the process technology. Despite the promising results from pilot and bench scale experiments the technology is still not commercialized yet. Obviously, this is due to the complicated nature of the process which usually involves multiple stages of treatment in addition to the FO membrane process. Unfortunately, most of the recent studies were focused on studying the FO process alone and didnt provide enough data about the actual cost of the process as whole which includes the osmotic agent regeneration stage/s. This issue resulted in some uncertainties about the total cost of the water treatment by the process. Furthermore, more data are required to evaluate the impact of the osmotic agent losses on the overall cost and efficiency. More data are required to evaluate the effect of salt diffusion from seawater to the draw solution on the product water quality. This is particularly important due to the salt accumulation in the system when the draw solution is recycled and reused. In case if the draw solution is regenerated by membrane treatment, a suitable membrane should be selected to ensure an optimal salt rejection. For power generation by Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) process, there was an evident progress. However, the process is site specific; i.e. it is dependent of the availability of the draw and donor solution. This suggested that the process is applicable to certain areas but cant be generalized. A quick review on the FO processes applications in water treatment and power generation is covered here to assess its potential use based on the recent development that have been made so far.

AlTaee, A & Sharif, AO 1970, 'Alternative design to dual stage NF seawater desalination using high rejection brackish water membranes', Desalination, Elsevier BV, pp. 391-397.
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Dual stage NF membrane desalination process was proposed as an alternative approach to RO seawater desalination. Despite of being cheaper than RO desalination, dual stage NF process is not commercially applied yet due to the low overall recovery rate. In an attempt to increase the process recovery rate and reducing the operation complicity, Brackish Water RO membrane was used instead of NF in the second stage. ROSA software was used in this study to verify the applicability and cost-effectiveness of the NF-BW dual stage desalination process. Similarly to dual stage NF desalination process, an NF membrane was used in the first stage and BW membrane in the second stage. Permeate from NF membrane was used as a feed into the BW membranes. The effect of membrane type and seawater salinity on the process performance was investigated. For any given recovery rate and seawater salinity, the simulation results showed that the overall cost of NF-NF was slightly lower than the NF-BW process but that was on the cost of higher permeate TDS. For instance, at 43000 mg/l feed salinity the difference in the specific power consumption between NF-NF and NF-BW process was 0.38 kWh/m 3. The permeate TDS was 125 mg/l for NF-BW and 1030 mg/l for NF-NF process. The difference in the permeate TDS between NF-NF and NF-BW process increased with increasing the feed salinity. In dual stage NF process, a low permeate was achieved at low recovery rate. For example, at 43000 mg/l feed salinity the permeate TDS from dual stage NF process was 359 mg/l when the overall recovery rate was 22%. It was also found that the effect of BW membrane type on the process efficiency was insignificant. Finally, the energy requirements of NF-NF and NF-BW were compared to a single stage RO desalination process. The specific power consumption at 43000 mg/l feed salinity was 4.58 kWh/m 3, 4.2 kWh/m 3 and 3.86 kWh/m 3 for RO, NF-BW and NF-NF process respectively.

Anaissi, A, Kennedy, PJ & Goyal, M 1970, 'Dimension reduction of microarray data based on local principal component', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, pp. 1176-1181.
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Analysis and visualization of microarraydata is veryassistantfor biologists and clinicians in the field of diagnosis and treatment of patients. It allows Clinicians to better understand the structure of microarray and facilitates understanding gene expression in cells. However, microarray dataset is a complex data set and has thousands of features and a very small number of observations. This very high dimensional data set often contains some noise, non-useful information and a small number of relevant features for disease or genotype. This paper proposes a non-linear dimensionality reduction algorithm Local Principal Component (LPC) which aims to maps high dimensional data to a lower dimensional space. The reduced data represents the most important variables underlying the original data. Experimental results and comparisons are presented to show the quality of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, experiments also show how this algorithm reduces high dimensional data whilst preserving the neighbourhoods of the points in the low dimensional space as in the high dimensional space.

Anaissi, A, Kennedy, PJ & Goyal, M 1970, 'Feature Selection of Imbalanced Gene Expression Microarray Data', 2011 12th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing, Distributed Computing, IEEE, Sydney, pp. 73-78.
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Gene expression data is a very complex data set characterised by abundant numbers of features but with a low number of observations. However, only a small number of these features are relevant to an outcome of interest. With this kind of data set, feature selection becomes a real prerequisite. This paper proposes a methodology for feature selection for an imbalanced leukaemia gene expression data based on random forest algorithm. It presents the importance of feature selection in terms of reducing the number of features, enhancing the quality of machine learning and providing better understanding for biologists in diagnosis and prediction. Algorithms are presented to show the methodology and strategy for feature selection taking care to avoid overfitting. Moreover, experiments are done using imbalanced Leukaemia gene expression data and special measurement is used to evaluate the quality of feature selection and performance of classification.

Anand, S, Nylk, J, Dodds, C, Cooper, JM, Neale, SN & McGloin, D 1970, 'Optical manipulation of aerosols using surface acoustic wave nebulisation', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, SPIE, San Diego, CA, pp. 80971V-80971V.
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Anand, S, Nylk, J, Dodds, C, Neale, SL, Cooper, JM & McGloin, D 1970, 'Loading Aerosol Optical Traps using Surface Acoustic Wave Devices', Optics in the Life Sciences, Optical Trapping Applications, OSA, pp. OTMD6-OTMD6.
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We make use of surface acoustic wave nebulization to introduce airborne particles into optical traps in a robust and repeatable manner. We demonstrate the facile loading of aerosols such as organic liquids and solid particles. © 2011 OSA: BODA/NTM/OMP/OTA.

Andersson, AK, Ma, J, Wang, J, Chen, X, Rusch, M, Wu, G, Easton, J, Parker, M, Raimondi, SC, Holmfeldt, L, Gedman, AL, Song, G, Becksfort, J, Gupta, P, Ulyanov, A, Payne-Turner, D, Sutton, R, Venn, NV, Chetcuti, A, Rush, A, Catchpoole, D, Heldrup, J, Fioretos, T, Hong, X, Lu, C, Ding, L, Pui, C-H, Shurtleff, SA, Gruber, TA, Mullighan, CG, Mardis, ER, Wilson, RK, Zhang, J & Downing, JR 1970, 'Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of 22 MLL Rearranged Infant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias Reveals Remarkably Few Somatic Mutations: A Report From the St Jude Children‘s Research Hospital - Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project', Blood, American Society of Hematology, pp. 69-69.
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Abstract Abstract 69 Infant (< 1 year of age) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a rare disease characterized by rearrangements of the Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) gene at 11q23 and a poor prognosis. In an effort to determine the total complement of somatic mutations occurring in this high risk leukemia, we performed paired-end whole genome sequencing (WGS) on diagnostic leukemia blasts and matched germ line samples from 22 infants with MLL rearranged ALL using the Illumina platform. In addition, we sequenced 2 paired relapse samples. Somatic alterations, including single nucleotide variations (SNV), and structural variations (SV) including insertions, deletions, inversion, and inter- and intra-chromosomal rearrangements were detected using complementary analysis pipelines including Bambino, CREST and CONSERTING. Validation of identified somatic mutations was performed using PCR amplification of the leukemia and germ line DNA followed by Sanger or 454-based sequencing, or by array-based capture followed by Illumina-based sequencing. Analysis of the structure of MLL rearrangements at the base pair level revealed that over half had complex rearrangements that involved either three or more chromosomes, or contained at the breakpoints deletions, amplifications, insertions, or inversion of sequences. In five of the complex cases, chromosomal rearrangements were predicted to generate not only a MLL-partner gene fusion, but also novel in-frame fusions including KRAS-MLL; RAD51B-MLL / AFF1-RAD51B; MLLT10-CTNNAP3B; MLLT10-ATP5L / ATP5L-YPEL4; and CRTAM-GNL3. An analysis of the sequence surrounding the breakpoints of MLL and its partner genes suggest that the predominant mechanism of rearrangement involved non-homologous end joining. An analysis of the total number of non-silent mutations revealed infant ALL to have...

Andrews, T, Dyson, LE, Smyth, R & Wallace, R 1970, 'The Ethics of M-Learning: Classroom Threat or Enhanced Learner Agency?', Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Mobile and Contextual Learning, World Conference on Mobile and Contextual Learning, International Association for Mobile Learning, Beijing, pp. 295-302.
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Ubiquitous access to mobile technologies is expanding rapidly. In a changing world, where social work and learning activies increasingly occur 'on the go' mediated by a wide vairety of mobile devices, there is a growing expectation that these tools will be utilized for teaching and learning activities in higher education. However, along with the opportunities offered by mobile learning come concerns related to issues of privacy and security whithin classroom situations. The authors of this paper suggest that while mobile learning does indeed come with risks, there is a need to take a proactive approach to managing the ethical issues that the use of these tools in educational settings can create. Considering mobile learning as part of a transition to a more mobile society, the authours argue that ethical issues need to be considered within this social framework and that the onus is on institutions to develop protocols and policy to enable and support responsible use of mobile devices as tools to support mobile learning. Moreover, mobile devices in education should not be seen merely as a problem to be managed, but as offering the potential to enabance the agency of all learners, including those who have been disenfranchised by traditional teaching approaches.

Anne, AG & Keith, KW 1970, 'Investigating the characteristics of successful collaborative learning activities', Research in Engineering Education Symposium 2011 Rees 2011, Research in Engineering Education Symposium, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain, Madrid, Spain, pp. 332-339.
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Given that engineering is a practice-based profession, one of the benefits of collaborative learning is that it provides the opportunity to simulate this practice within classroom activities. While not replacing the benefits of actual practice, thoughtfully designed collaborative learning activities provide opportunities for students to construct and test their knowledge while developing their professional judgement. Hence, it is important to identify the common characteristics of collaborative activities that improve student learning. Based on the results of our research we hypothesised that with the correct scaffolding, activities that include integrated collaborative conversations improved the learning within small group activities. In this paper we report the first step in a research project to determine the characteristics of successful collaborative learning activities that include integrated peer conversations to assist academics in designing their own successful collaborative activities. To test our hypothesis we first examined a series of studies that report the effect of collaborative activity on student learning to identify any common characteristics that seemed to have a positive impact.

Ansari, YHH, Merifield, RS & Sheng, DC 1970, 'A numerical study on the applicability of the piezocone interpretation methods for hydraulic conductivity of clays', Computer Methods for Geomechanics Frontiers and New Applications, pp. 442-448.
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During the last three decades, attempts have been made to obtain genuine interpretation methods for estimating the fl ow characteristics of fi ne grained soils through piezocone dissipation tests. Interpretation of these dissipation tests is however often based on various simplifying assumptions and has not been extensively calibrated against experimental or numerical results. In this research, piezocone penetration and dissipation tests are modelled numerically using large deformation fi nite element analysis with contact formulation. The effectiveness of the two widely used interpretation methods of Teh & Houlsby (1991) and Sully & Campanella (1994) is studied. It is found that the reliability of these methods is signifi cantly affected by the assumptions adopted. In addition, irrespective of their accuracy, the interpretation methods in the literature are found to be only applicable to normally consolidated to lightly overconsolidated soils.

Antle, AN, Marshall, P & van den Hoven, E 1970, 'Workshop on embodied interaction', CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '11: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 5-8.
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For over ten years researchers in human-computer interaction (HCI) have explored an embodied perspective that seeks to describe and explain the fundamental role played by the physical body in how we experience, interact with and understand computation in the world we live in. Recently, such a perspective has been used to discuss human actions and interactions with a range of computational applications including tangibles, mobiles, wearables, tabletops and interactive environments. This workshop aims to enable participants to critically explore the different approaches to incorporating an embodied perspective in HCI research, and to develop a shared set of understandings and identification of differences, similarities and synergies between our research approaches.

Aoki, Y, Samali, B, Saleh, A & Valipour Goudarzi, H 1970, 'Impact of sudden failure of cables on the dynamic performance of a cable-stayed bridge', The Austroads 8th Bridge Conferences - Sustainable Bridges: The Thread of Society - proceedings Volume II, Austroads Bridge Conference, Austroads Incorporated, Sydney, Australia, pp. 310-321.
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In cable stayed bridges corrosion and fatigue as well as extreme loadings such as earthquake, lightning strike and blast may lead to loss of cables. The vulnerability of cable stayed bridges for such cable loss scenarios has not been thoroughly investigated yet and is not considered in the current design practice. Accordingly, in this paper a primary study on vulnerability of cable stayed bridges against such extreme scenarios is undertaken. A two-dimensional Finite Element (FE) model of a cable-stayed bridge is developed in ANSYS. The mid-span of the bridge studied in this paper is 600 meter long and made of a steel box. The bridge is supported by two 140 meter tall steel towers and 56 steel cables. The bridge is analysed for two different cable loss scenarios and the global response of the structure (i.e. deformation of the bridge, bending moment at mid-span of the deck and the base of the tower, and axial force for deck and each cable) following the cable loss scenarios are studied. Further, dynamic amplification factors (DAF) for deflections and internal forces are determined by comparing the results of static analysis with the results obtained from transient dynamic analysis.

Apeh, E & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Change Mining of Customer Profiles Based on Transactional Data', 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Data Mining Workshops, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), IEEE, pp. 560-567.
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Customer transactions tend to change overtime with changing customer behaviour patterns. Classifier models, however, are often designed to perform prediction on data which is assumed to be static. These classifier models thus deteriorate in performance overtime when predicting in the context of evolving data. Robust adaptive classification models are therefore needed to detect and adjust to the kind of changes that are common in transactional data. This paper presents an investigation into using change mining to monitor the adaptive classification of customers based on their transactions through a moving time window. Results from our experiments show that our approach can be used for learning and adapting to changing customer profiles. © 2011 IEEE.

Apeh, ET, Gabrys, B & Schierz, A 1970, 'Customer profile classification using transactional data', 2011 Third World Congress on Nature and Biologically Inspired Computing, 2011 Third World Congress on Nature and Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC), IEEE, pp. 37-43.
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Customer profiles are by definition made up of factual and transactional data. It is often the case that due to reasons such as high cost of data acquisition and/or protection, only the transactional data are available for data mining operations. Transactional data, however, tend to be highly sparse and skewed due to a large proportion of customers engaging in very few transactions. This can result in a bias in the prediction accuracy of classifiers built using them towards the larger proportion of customers with fewer transactions. This paper investigates an approach for accurately and confidently grouping and classifying customers in bins on the basis of the number of their transactions. The experiments we conducted on a highly sparse and skewed real-world transactional data show that our proposed approach can be used to identify a critical point at which customer profiles can be more confidently distinguished. © 2011 IEEE.

Ardjmand, A, Bock, CED, Molloy, TJ, Bone, SM, Johnstone, D, Campbell, DM, Shipman, KL, Yeadon, TM, Holst, J, Spanevello, MD, Catchpoole, DR, Lincz, LF, Boyd, AW, Burns, GF & Thorne, RF 1970, 'Altered expression of Fat1 cadherin, a novel tumor marker for acute lymphoblastic leukemia', Clinical Biochemistry, Elsevier BV, pp. S71-S71.
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Arefin, AS, Inostroza-Ponta, M, Mathieson, L, Berretta, R & Moscato, P 1970, 'Clustering Nodes in Large-Scale Biological Networks Using External Memory Algorithms', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 375-386.
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Novel analytical techniques have dramatically enhanced our understanding of many application domains including biological networks inferred from gene expression studies. However, there are clear computational challenges associated to the large datasets generated from these studies. The algorithmic solution of some NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems that naturally arise on the analysis of large networks is difficult without specialized computer facilities (i.e. supercomputers). In this work, we address the data clustering problem of large-scale biological networks with a polynomial-time algorithm that uses reasonable computing resources and is limited by the available memory. We have adapted and improved the MSTkNN graph partitioning algorithm and redesigned it to take advantage of external memory (EM) algorithms. We evaluate the scalability and performance of our proposed algorithm on a well-known breast cancer microarray study and its associated dataset. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Argente, E, Beydoun, G, Fuentes-Fernandez, R, Henderson-Sellers, B & Low, G 1970, 'Modelling with Agents', AGENT-ORIENTED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING X, Agent-Oriented Software Engineering Workshop, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 157-168.
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Modelling is gaining relevance in Agent-Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE) because of two main reasons. Firstly, the conceptual frameworks have reached a level of maturity that makes it reasonable to devote effort to seek a consensus in modelling languages, including tool support. Secondly, the influence of model-driven engineering emphasizes the potential value of having models at the core of development processes. This survey analyzes these changes in AOSE modelling languages along three dimensions. The semantic dimension refers to the concepts considered in the languages. The syntactic dimension covers the technical means by which languages are defined. The operational dimension regards the use of these languages, considering both their support and acceptance. The overall context for this discussion is the comparison of several modern AOSE approaches.

Ariffin, SA & Dyson, LE 1970, 'Students' Perspectives on Local Content: A Preliminary Study Towards Evaluating the Usefulness of Malay Mobile Cultural Content', 10th World Conference on Mobile and Contextual Learning, World Conference on Mobile and Contextual Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing China, pp. 464-471.
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Mobile learning is a new growth opportunity in developing countries like Malaysia where local content or cultural content which has traditional cultural elements are still novel. Because of the westernisation and globalisation of content and media, especially in mobile learning, local knowledge content is often neglected. It is alarming that one day local university students may not be able to appreciate, know and learn about their Malay cultural subjects. The research is mixed method qualitative and quantitative and of an exploratory nature, and the aim of this research is to investigate the area which has potential for Malay cultural content due to its learning usefulness. A pilot survey has been conducted to discover areas which have the potential for creating appropriate local content for public university students and is discussed in this paper. Future research undertaken will include in-depth interviews, observations, focus groups and questionnaires involving Malay students from a public Malaysian Institution of Higher Learning.

Ariffin, SA, Dyson, LE & Hoskins-McKenzie, D 1970, 'Specialist's perspectives on mobile content in Malaysia', Proceedings of 16th IBIMA Conference International Business Information Management Association, Kuala Lumpur, International Business Information Management, IBIMA, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 401-409.
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In Malaysia, there has been a growing concern about the lack of local content for media, for example, for television, radio, films, the internet and, in more recent years, mobile phones. In order to ascertain the current situation with regards to local content specifically for mobile phones, interviews were conducted with Malaysian mobile technology experts. The results showed that there is some local content available but the variety is limited. Issues that need to be resolved include low numbers of mobile content developers, lack of standardization of mobile phones, a limited market for Malaysian mobile content, and lack of infrastructure in rural areas. Despite these limitations, the Malaysian Government has launched a number of exciting initiatives in conjunction with local telcos to motivate students at high school and university to produce more interesting local content.

Ariffin, SA, Dyson, LE & Hoskins-McKenzie, D 1970, 'Specialists' Perspectives on Mobile Content in Malaysia', INNOVATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: A GLOBAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE, VOLS 1-4, 16th International-Business-Information-Management-Association Conference, INT BUSINESS INFORMATION MANAGEMENT ASSOC-IBIMA, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA, pp. 1-8.

Askari, M, Li, J & Samali, B 1970, 'Semi-Active LQG Control of Seismically Excited Nonlinear Buildings using Optimal Takagi-Sugeno Inverse Model of MR Dampers', Procedia Engineering, East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction, Elsevier BV, Hong Kong, pp. 2765-2772.
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A novel semi-active control method for a seismically excited nonlinear benchmark building equipped with magnetorheological (MR) dampers is presented and evaluated in this paper. While Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller is designed to estimate the optimal control force of a MR damper, the required voltage input for the damper to produce such control force is achieved by a proposed optimal Takagi- Sogeno(T-S) fuzzy inverse model. The proposed T-S fuzzy inverse model of dampers is derived using subtractive clustering, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGAII) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). The effectiveness of this strategy is illustrated and verified using simulated response of a 20-storey full-scale nonlinear benchmark building excited by several historical earthquake records. The designed semi-active system is compared with the performances of active control as well as clipped optimal control (COC) systems, which are based on the same nominal controller as is used in this study. The results are discussed based on the evaluation criteria suggested for the benchmark problem by International Association for Structural Control and Monitoring (IASCM) for comparison with other algorithms and demonstrate the superiority of this scheme over other strategies.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 1970, 'A Comparison of the Bond Characteristics in Conventional and Self-Compacting Concrete, Part I: Experimental Results', 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, New Zealand Concrete Society, Rotorua, New Zealand, pp. 435-442.
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a very flowing material that can flow through the reinforcement and fill the formworks without any need of vibration during the concrete placement process. The material properties of SCC including bond characteristics must be well understood in order to use this type of high performance concrete in structural members broadly. This paper presents a comparison of the experimental results from the nine recent investigations on the bond strength of SCC and conventional concrete (CC). The comparison is based on the measured bond between reinforcing steel and concrete by utilizing the pullout test on the embedded bars at various heights in mock-up structural elements to assess the top-bar effect and on single bars in small prismatic specimens and conducting the beam tests. The investigated affecting parameters on bond strength are: the steel bar diameter, concrete compressive strength, types of bar (plain or deformed), embedded length of the bar, concrete type, concrete cover, curing age of concrete, casting direction of concrete and height of the embedded bar along the formwork.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 1970, 'A Comparison of the Bond Characteristics in Conventional and Self-Compacting Concrete, Part II: Code Provisions and Empirical Equations', 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, New Zealand Concrete Society, Rotorua, New Zealand, pp. 443-450.
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a highly workable concrete that flows through complex structural elements under its own weight. It is cohesive enough to fill the spaces of almost any size and shape without segregation or bleeding. This makes SCC become more practical wherever concrete placing is difficult, such as in heavily-reinforced concrete members or in complicated formworks. Bond behaviour between concrete and reinforcement is a primary factor in design of reinforced concrete structures. This study presents a comparison between code provisions and empirical equations with the experimental results from the recent studies on the bond strength of SCC and conventional concrete (CC). The comparison is based on the measured bond between reinforcing steel and concrete by utilizing the pullout test on the embedded bars at various heights in mock-up structural elements to assess the top-bar effect and on single bars in small prismatic specimens; and conducting the beam tests. The investigated varying parameters on bond strength are: the steel bar diameter, concrete compressive strength, concrete type, curing age of concrete and height of the embedded bar along the formwork.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 1970, 'Comparison of Creep Prediction Models for Self-Compacting and Conventional Concrete', 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, New Zealand Concrete Society, Rotorua, New Zealand, pp. 1-10.
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Realistic prediction of concrete creep is of crucial importance for durability and long-term serviceability of concrete structures. To date, research about the behaviour of self-compacting concrete (SCC) members, especially concerning the long-term performance, is rather limited. Hence, the realistic SCC creep strain prediction is an important requirement of the design process of this type of concrete structures. SCC is quite different from conventional concrete (CC) in mixture proportions and applied materials, particularly in the presence of aggregate which is limited. This paper reviews the accuracy of the creep prediction models proposed by six international codes of practice, including: CEB-FIP 1990, ACI 209R (1992), Eurocode 2 (2001), AASHTO (2004), AASHTO (2007) and AS 3600 (2009). The predicted creep strains are compared with actual measured creep strains in 60 mixtures of SCC and 17 mixtures of CC. The affecting parameters on the creep of SCC including: the water to binder ratio, binder to aggregate ratio, sand ratio, and curing age are investigated and discussed.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 1970, 'Comparison of Shrinkage Prediction Models for Self-Compacting and Conventional Concrete', 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete Committee, New Zealand Concrete Society, Rotorua, New Zealand, pp. 1-10.
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One of the reasons for the use of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is to improve the long-term behaviour and durability of concrete structures. However, shrinkage of SCC may be larger than conventional concrete (CC) because SCC has higher binder content and a lower coarse aggregate volume. Therefore, accurate prediction of the shrinkage deformation is an important aspect of the long term behaviour of concrete. In this study, experimental shrinkage results for 154 mixtures of SCC and 18 mixtures of CC are compared with the shrinkage strains that are calculated using the following models: CEB-FIP 1990, ACI 209R (1992), Eurocode 2 (2001), AASHTO (2004), AASHTO (2007) and AS 3600 (2009). The influence of various parameters, such as mixture design, cement content, filler content, aggregate content, and water cement ratio (w/c) on the shrinkage of SCC are also compared and discussed.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 1970, 'Comparison of the Analytical Models to Determine Modulus of Elasticity of Self-Compacting Concrete and Conventional Concrete', Structural Engineers World Congress 2011, Structural Engineers World Congress, SEWC, Como, Italy, pp. 1-11.
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) can be placed under its own weight with no vibration efforts and is cohesive enough to be handled without segregation and bleeding. Modification in the mix design may have an influence on the materialâs mechanical properties. Therefore, it is important to investigate that whether all of the assumed hypotheses for conventional concrete (CC) to design the structures are also valid for SCC construction. Indubitably, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) is one of the most important mechanical properties which influences the durability and service life of reinforced concrete. MOE represents the stress-strain relationship of concrete in the elastic range and depends on the stiffness of the cement paste and aggregate, porosity, the interfacial transition zone, size of samples, and mixture proportions. This paper reviews the accuracy of the seven models for prediction of MOE for SCC and fifteen models for CC. The predicted MOE models are compared with the actual measured experimental values in 110 mixtures of SCC and 32 mixtures of CC.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 1970, 'Evaluation and Comparison of Analytical Models to Determine the Bond Characteristics of Steel Fibre Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete', 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, New Zealand Concrete Society, Rotorua, New Zealand, pp. 1-8.
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Steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) can be placed and compacted under its self weight with little or no mechanical vibration. It is at the same time cohesive enough to be casted without segregation or bleeding. Steel fibres improve many of the properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) elements including tensile strength, ductility, toughness, energy absorption capacity, fracture toughness and cracking. Although the available research regarding the influence of steel fibres on the properties of SFRSCC is limited, this paper investigates the bond characteristics between steel fibre and SCC. This by comparison of the five analytical models including (i.e. Naaman et al. (1991a,b), Dubey (1999), Cunha (2007), Soranakom (2008) and Lee et al. (2010)) with the experimental results from the four recently conducted single fibre pull-out tests. The influence of the fibre end hook, embedded length, fibre orientation angle, on the bond characteristic between fibre and SCC are determined and discussed. The accuracy of each analytical model also has been examined.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 1970, 'Evaluation and Comparison of the Analytical Models to Determine Tensile Strength of Self-Compacting Concrete and Conventional Concrete', Structural Engineers World Congress 2011, Structural Engineers World Congress, SEWC, Como, Italy, pp. 1-11.
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Differences in mixture proportions and applied materials between self-compacting concrete (SCC) and conventional concrete (CC) can result in an essentially effect on the physical properties and on the mechanical properties. Therefore, it is important to investigate that whether all of the assumed hypotheses for CC to design the structures are also valid for SCC construction. The tensile strength (TS) of concrete is important to predict the initiation of cracking of concrete members when it is subjected to external loads or by shrinkage alone. For design considerations, the shear, punching, anchorage, crack control, and minimum reinforcement directly depend on the tensile strength of the concrete. Relation between tensile and compressive strength of concrete changes by various factors including, the aggregate type and particle size distribution, age of the concrete, curing process and air content. This paper reviews the accuracy of the six models for SCC and nineteen models for CC for determining the TS of concrete. The predicted results are compared with the actual measured TS of concrete from the previously conducted experimental results in 86 mixtures of SCC and 26 mixtures of CC.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 1970, 'Evaluation and Comparison of the Analytical Models to Predict Creep and Shrinkage Behavior of Self-Compacting Concrete', Structural Engineers World Congress 2011, Structural Engineers World Congress, SEWC, Como, Italy, pp. 1-10.
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In the structures whose long-term behavior should be monitored and controlled, creep and shrinkage effects have to be included precisely in the analysis and design procedures. Creep and shrinkage, vary with the constituent and mixtures proportions, and depend on the curing conditions and work environment as well. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) contains combinations of various components, such as aggregate, cement, superplasticizer, water-reducing agent and other ingredients which affect the properties of the SCC including creep and shrinkage of the SCC. Hence, the realistic prediction creep and shrinkage strains of SCC are an important requirement of the design process of this type of concrete structures. In this study, three proposed creep models and four shrinkage models available in the literature are compared with the measured results of 52 mixtures for creep and 165 mixtures for shrinkage of SCC. The influence of various parameters, such as mixture design, cement content, filler content, aggregate content, and water cement ratio (w/c) on the creep and shrinkage of SCC are also compared and discussed.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 1970, 'Evaluation of Experimental Results to Determine the Bond Characteristics of Steel Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete', Structural Engineers World Congress 2011, Structural Engineers World Congress, SEWC, Como, Italy, pp. 1-8.
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Steel fibers can improve many of the properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) elements including tensile resistance and crack control, ductility, toughness, energy absorption capacity, and resistance to fatigue. However, the structural behavior depends on the composite action of the concrete and steel in resisting the external loads. If steel fiber undergoes the same strain or deformation as the surrounding concrete, no slip occurs between the two materials under load and a prefect bond exists. Indubitably, prediction of accurate behavior of the composite material requires precise modeling and determining of the bond characteristics. In fiber reinforced concrete (FRC), the interface between fiber and cement paste is the weakest link of the micro-structure. Therefore, the study of the behavior of fiber-paste interface is vital for understanding the mechanism of the composite behavior. This paper presents a comparison of the experimental results from the four recent investigations on the bond characteristics of steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC). The comparison is based on the measured bond stresses between steel fiber and SCC by utilizing a single fiber pullout test. The influences of the fiber end hook, embedded length, fiber orientation angle, concrete age, and concrete cover on the pullout test of the fibers were also investigated.

Athab, HS & Lu, DD-C 1970, 'Forward-based AC/DC converter with quasi-active input current shaping technique', 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), IEEE, Phoenix, AZ, USA, pp. 2885-2891.
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This paper presents a forward converter with a quasi-active input current shaping (ICS) scheme. A high frequency pulsating voltage source derived from a cascaded dc/dc forward converter is added to serve as a magnetic switch and drive an inductor for input current shaping. As a result, the input power factor is improved due to the extended conduction angle of the conventional diode rectifier with large output capacitor. It eliminates the use of active switch and control circuit for power factor correction (PFC), which results in improved efficiency and lower cost. To achieve low harmonic content, the input inductor is designed to operate in discontinuous current mode (DCM). The new converter satisfies the input current harmonics regulation IEC61000-3-2 Class D and limits the dc bus capacitor voltage below 450V for universal line applications. In addition the added winding provides a direct power transfer path from the input to the load, which can improve the conversion efficiency. Operating principles, analysis, and simulation/experimental results of the proposed converter are presented. © 2011 IEEE.

Azabi, YO, Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Equiangular spiral tellurite photonic crystal fiber for supercontinuum generation in Mid-Infrared', 2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics Laser Science to Photonic Applications CLEO 2011.
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We demonstrate very low and flat dispersion (±2ps/nm/km, slope<0.0028ps/nm²/km@ 1.8-2μm) in the Mid-Infrared band along with high non-linear coefficient (γ=1155W^-1 km¹@ 1.93μm) achieved in a tellurite photonic crystal fiber for generating supercontinuum with a broad bandwidth. © 2011 OSA.

Azabi, YO, Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Equiangular Spiral Tellurite Photonic Crystal Fiber for Supercontinuum Generation in Mid-Infrared', CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications, CLEO: Applications and Technology, OSA, pp. JThB72-JThB72.
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We demonstrate very low and flat dispersion (±2ps/nm/km, slope<0.0028ps/nm2/km at 1.8-2μm) in the Mid-Infrared band along with high non-linear coefficient (γ=1155W-1km-1 at 1.93μm) achieved in a tellurite photonic crystal fiber for generating supercontinuum with a broad bandwidth. © OSA/ CLEO 2011.

Azabi, YO, Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Equiangular spiral tellurite photonic crystal fiber for supercontinuum generation in mid-infrared', Optics Infobase Conference Papers.
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We demonstrate very low and flat dispersion (±2ps/nm/km, slope<0.0028ps/nm²/km@ 1.8-2μm) in the Mid-Infrared band along with high non-linear coefficient (γ=1155W^-1km^-1@ 1.93μm) achieved in a tellurite photonic crystal fiber for generating supercontinuum with a broad bandwidth. © OSA/CLEO 2011.

Azabi, YO, Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Equiangular spiral tellurite photonic crystal fiber for supercontinuum generation in mid-infrared', Optics Infobase Conference Papers.
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We demonstrate very low and flat dispersion (±2ps/nm/km, slope<0.0028ps/nm²/km@ 1.8-2μm) in the Mid-Infrared band along with high non-linear coefficient (γ=1155W^-1km^-1@ 1.93μm) achieved in a tellurite photonic crystal fiber for generating supercontinuum with a broad bandwidth. © OSA/CLEO 2011.

Aziz, T, Hossain, MJ, Saha, TK & Mithulananthan, N 1970, 'Stability evaluation of distributed generator integrated system with index based placement of STATCOM', 2011 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, 2011 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT Australia), IEEE, pp. 1-8.
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Wide-scale penetration of small distributed generation (DG) units to weak distribution systems is one of the major concerns for power system engineers. As grid standards limit reactive power generation capability of small DG units, lack of sufficient reactive power support, brings the problem of slow voltage recovery under post-fault conditions. In this paper, a STATic COMpensator (STATCOM), which is chosen as a dynamic volt-ampere reactive (VAR) compensator has been placed in DG integrated systems based on a new index. Impact of index based placement of STATCOMs on angle stability has been investigated in details with both modal and time domain analyses. Simulation results confirm satisfactory voltage recovery and damping improvement with index based placement of STATCOMs. An IEEE industrial mesh system with various dynamic motor loads is used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed STATCOM placement technique. © 2011 IEEE.

Babai, L, Codenotti, P, Grochow, JA & Qiao, Y 1970, 'Code Equivalence and Group Isomorphism', Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, San Francisco, USA, pp. 1395-1408.
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The isomorphism problem for groups given by their multiplication tables has long been known to be solvable in time nlog n+O(1). The decades-old quest for a polynomial-time algorithm has focused on the very difficult case of class-2 nilpotent groups (groups whose quotient by their center is abelian), with little success. In this paper we consider the opposite end of the spectrum and initiate a more hopeful program to find a polynomial-time algorithm for semisimple groups, defined as groups without abelian normal subgroups. First we prove that the isomorphism problem for this class can be solved in time nO(log log n). We then identify certain bottlenecks to polynomial-time solvability and give a polynomial-time solution to a rich subclass, namely the semisimple groups where each minimal normal subgroup has a bounded number of simple factors. We relate the results to the filtration of groups introduced by Babai and Beals (1999). One of our tools is an algorithm for equivalence of (not necessarily linear) codes in simply-exponential time in the length of the code, obtained by modifying Luks's algorithm for hypergraph isomorphism in simply-exponential time in the number of vertices (FOCS 1999). We comment on the complexity of the closely related problem of permutational isomorphism of permutation groups.

Babar, A, Wong, B & Qumer, A 1970, 'An evaluation of the goal-oriented approaches for modelling strategic alignment concept.', RCIS, International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science, IEEE, Gosier, pp. 1-8.
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Several frameworks have been proposed in Requirements Engineering (RE) discipline that use goal-oriented approach to model the concept of strategic alignment. Understanding the concept of strategic alignment from the perspective of Management Information Systems (MIS) discipline and evaluating goal-oriented approaches in the context of strategic alignment appear to be the fundamental weakness in the RE frameworks that claim to model strategic alignment. In this research we developed a list of constructs by analysing the concept of strategic alignment embedded in strategy map which is one of the widely used frameworks to develop strategic alignment in MIS discipline. In this regard we analysed details of a case study conducted to develop strategic alignment. Against the identified list of constructs we evaluated five well-known goal-oriented approaches and presented their level of effectiveness to model the concept of strategic alignment. © 2011 IEEE.

Bakker, S, van den Hoven, E, Antle, AN & ACM 1970, 'MoSo Tangibles: Evaluating Embodied Learning', TEI 2011: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TANGIBLE EMBEDDED AND EMBODIED INTERACTION, Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction, ACM, Madeira, Portugal, pp. 85-92.
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Using tangible interaction in interactive educational systems can benefit learning. This can be supported by relying on experientially originating schemata in the interaction design of learning systems. This paper presents the design and evaluation of MoSo Tangibles, a set of interactive, physical artifacts with which children manipulate the pitch, volume and tempo of ongoing tones, in order to structure their understanding of these abstract sound concepts in terms of multiple different concrete body-based concepts. The results indicate that MoSo provided children with a physical handle to reason about the targeted abstract concepts.

Balasubramanian, V, Hoang, DB & Zia, TA 1970, 'Addressing the Confidentiality and Integrity of Assistive Care Loop Framework Using Wireless Sensor Networks', 2011 21st International Conference on Systems Engineering, 2011 21st International Conference on Systems Engineering (ICSEng), IEEE, Las Vegas Nevada USA, pp. 416-421.
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In-house healthcare monitoring applications are continuous time-critical applications often built upon Body Area Wireless Sensor Networks (BAWSNs). Our Assistive Care Loop Framework (ACLF) is an in-house healthcare application capable of monitoring the health conditions of aged/patients over a dedicated period of time by deploying the BAWSN as the monitoring component. However, the wireless medium used in the BAWSN for communications is prone to vulnerabilities that could open a door to attackers tampering with or compromising the userâs data privacy. Hence, it is imperative to maintain the privacy and integrity of the data to gain the confidence and hence, the acceptance of the users of the healthcare applications. Furthermore, in time-critical applications, the vital health conditions must be monitored at regular intervals within their specified critical time. Therefore, the security model proposed for the BAWSN must not incur undue overheads when meeting the critical time requirements of the application. In this paper, we propose and implement a secure adaptive triple-key scheme (TKS) for the BAWSN to achieve the privacy and integrity of the monitored data with minimal overheads. We then present the performance results of our scheme for the BAWSN, using real-time test-bed implementations and simulations.

Ball, JE, Babister, MK & Retallick, ME 1970, 'Revisiting the design flood problem', 34th IAHR Congress 2011 - Balance and Uncertainty: Water in a Changing World, Incorporating the 33rd Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium and the 10th Conference on Hydraulics in Water Engineering, Congress of IAHR, the International Association of Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research, Engineers Australia, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 31-38.
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While previous editions of ARR have served the engineering profession well, a number of issues have necessitated the production of a new edition. These issues include the many recent developments in knowledge about rainfall-runoff processes, the increased computational capacity available to engineering hydrologists, and the rapidly expanding body of information about climate change. As part of the development of the new edition, it has been necessary to look at the history of methods used and the implications of assumptions necessary for implementation of these methods. Arising from this review, a way forward for design flood estimation in Australia is proposed that addresses many of the simplifying assumptions inherent in past methods for flood estimation but also recognises the differing levels of complexity required for design flood estimation. This new vision for design flood estimation will be incorporated in the new edition of ARR.

Bastidas-Arteaga, E, Schoefs, F & Stewart, M 1970, 'Considerations for probabilistic assessment of the effect of global warming on durability of corroding RC structures', Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering -Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, CRC Press, pp. 2102-2110.
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Chloride ingress and carbonation cause corrosion of Reinforcing Concrete (RC) structures affecting its operational life. Experimental evidence indicates that these deterioration processes are highly influenced by weather conditions in the surrounding environment-i.e. temperature, humidity, CO2 emissions, etc. Since studies on global warming announce several changes in climate, the impact of climate on RC durability should be also considered. This paper links RC deterioration mechanisms and global warming. To consider this interaction, it has been defined based on appropriate deterioration models. Based on various studies on climate change, models for estimating the effect of global warming on temperature, humidity and CO2 emissions are also described. Furthermore, various scenarios of global warming that can be used to assess the effect of climate change in structural reliability are proposed. These scenarios take into account: gas emissions, global population growth, introduction of new and clean technologies and use of fossil sources of energy. The proposed approach is illustrated with a numerical example. The last part of the paper outlines some adaptation strategies focusing particularly on the needs for the selection of an optimal adaptation strategy © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Beck, D, Brandl, M, Pham, TD, Chang, C-C, Zhou, X, Pham, TD, Zhou, X, Tanaka, H, Oyama-Higa, M, Jiang, X, Sun, C, Kowalski, J & Jia, X 1970, 'In-Silico Identification Of Micro-Loops In Myelodysplastic Syndromes', AIP Conference Proceedings, 2011 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL MODELS FOR LIFE SCIENCES (CMLS-11), AIP, pp. 263-271.
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Micro-loops are regulatory network motifs that leverage transcriptional and posttranscriptional control to effectively regulate the transcriptome. In this paper a regulatory network for Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDSs) was constructed from the literature and publicly available data sources. The network was filtered using data from deep-sequencing of small RNAs, exon and microarrays. Motif discovery showed that micro-loops might exist in MDS. We further used the identified micro-loops and performed basic network analysis to identify the known disease gene RUNX1/AML, as well as miRNA family hsa-mir-181. This suggested that the concept of micro-loops can be applied to enhance disease gene identification and biomarker discovery. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.

Behbood, V & Lu, J 1970, 'Efficiency Prediction in Decision Making Units Merger using Data Envelopment Analysis and Neural Network', 19th Triennial Conference of the International Federation of Operational Research Societies, IFORS, Australia.

Behbood, V & Lu, J 1970, 'Financial Early Warning System: Adaptive Inference-based Fuzzy Neural Network', 19th Triennial Conference of the International Federation of Operational Research Societies, IFORS, Australia.

Behbood, V & Lu, J 1970, 'Fuzzy Refinement-based Transductive Transfer Learning for Bank Failure Prediction', World Conference on Soft Computing, IEEE, USA.

Behbood, V & Lu, J 1970, 'Intelligent financial warning model using Fuzzy Neural Network and case-based reasoning', 2011 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr), Economics -Part Of 17273 - 2011 Ssci, IEEE, Paris, France, pp. 1-6.
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Creating an applicable and precise financial early warning model is highly desirable for decision makers and regulators in the financial industry. Although Business Failure Prediction (BFP) especially banks has been extensively a researched area since late 1960s, the next critical step which is the decision making support scheme has been ignored. This paper presents a novel model for financial warning which combines a fuzzy inference system with the learning ability of neural network as a Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) to predict organizational financial status and also applies reasoning capability of Fuzzy Case-Based Reasoning (FCBR) to support decision makers measuring appropriate solutions. The proposed financial warning model generates an adaptive fuzzy rule base to predict financial status of target case and then if it is predicted to fail, the FCBR is used to find similar survived cases. Finally according similar cases and a fuzzy rule base, the model provides financial decisions to change particular features as company goals in upcoming year to avoid future financial distress.

Behbood, V, Lu, J, Zhang, G & IEEE 1970, 'Long Term Bank Failure Prediction using Fuzzy Refinement-based Transductive Transfer Learning', IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ 2011), IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 2676-2683.
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Machine learning algorithms, which have been considered as robust methods in different computational fields, assume that the training and test data are drawn from the same distribution. This assumption may be violated in many real world applications like bank failure prediction because training and test data may come from different time periods or domains. An efficient novel algorithm known as Fuzzy Refinement (FR) is proposed in this paper to solve this problem and improve the performance. The algorithm utilizes the fuzzy system and similarity concept to modify the instances' labels in target domain which was initially predicted by shift-unaware Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) proposed by [1]. The experiments are performed using bank failure financial data of United States to evaluate the algorithm performance. The results address a significant improvement in the predictive accuracy of FNN due to applying the proposed algorithm.

Behrouznia, A, Azadeh, A, Pichka, K, Pazhoheshfar, P & Saberi, M 1970, 'Prediction of manufacturing lead time based on Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)', 2011 International Symposium on Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications, 2011 International Symposium on Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications (INISTA), IEEE, pp. 16-18.
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The lead time estimation is significant activity in each corporation that concerns with the breakdown of machines and maintenance. An integrated algorithm for forecasting weekly lead time based on Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is proposed in this study. First, an ANFIS model is illustrated for the lead time forecasting simultaneously. The lowest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value is used to select the best model. In order to illustrate the applicability and superiority of the proposed algorithm, the weekly lead time of Motogen Company in Iran for 70 weeks is used and applied to the proposed algorithm. © 2011 IEEE.

Beliakov, G, Yu, S & Paternain, D 1970, 'Non-monotone averaging aggregation', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE 2011), 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE, Taipei, TAIWAN, pp. 2905-2908.
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Bennett, I & Dyson, LE 1970, 'Modelling Personal Improvement: Using a Survey to Shape Linguistic and Employment Confidence in First-Year International NESB Students', Proceedings of the 14th Pacific Rim First Year in Higher Education Conference (FYHE) 2011, QUT, Fremantle, pp. 1-10.

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Empirical Survey: Experimentation and Implementations of High Speed Protocol Data Transfer for GRID', 2011 IEEE Workshops of International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 2011 IEEE Workshops of International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (WAINA), IEEE, Biopolis Singapore, pp. 335-340.
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Many TCP protocol variants have demonstrated better performance in simulation and several limited network experiments. However, practical use in real applications of these protocols is still very limited because of the implementation and installation difficulties. On the other hand, users who need to transfer bulk data (e.g., in grid/cloud computing) usually turn to application level solutions where these variants do not fair well. Among protocols considered in the application level solutions are UDP-based protocols, such as UDT (UDP-based Data Transport Protocol). UDT is considered one of the most recently developed new transport protocols with congestion control algorithms. It was developed to support next generation high-speed networks, including wide area optical networks. It is considered a state-of-the-art protocol, which promptly addresses various infrastructure requirements for transmitting data in high-speed networks. Its development, however, creates new vulnerabilities because like many other protocols, it is designed to rely solely on existing security mechanisms for existing protocols such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Some of these security mechanisms cannot be used to absolutely protect UDT, just as security mechanisms devised for wired networks cannot be used to protect unwired ones. Both the recently developed UDT and the decades-old TCP/UDP lack a well-thought-out security architecture that addresses problems in today's networks. In this paper, we extend our previous work and implement our developed security methodology that can assist network and security investigators, designers, and users who consider and incorporate security when implementing UDT across wide area networks. These can support security architectural designs of UDP-based protocols as well as assist in the future development of other state-of-the-art fast data transfer protocols.

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Formalization and Information-Theoretic Soundness in the Development of Security Architecture for Next Generation Network Protocol - UDT', SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, International Conference on Security Technology (SecTech), Springer Verlag Berlin, Jeju Island, Korea, pp. 183-194.
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The development and deployment of User Datagram Protocol (UDP)- based Data Transfer (UDT) is undoubtedly strongly reliant upon existing security mechanisms. However, existing mechanisms are developed for mature protocols such as TCP/UDP. We, therefore, developed proprietary mechanisms to form a security architecture for UDT. The primary objectives of the architecture include the management of messages through Authentication Option (AO) and cryptographic keys, the security of data communications, and the integration of data protection enhancing technologies across all the layers. Our approach is the result of our work which started in 2008. We verified each mechanism through formalisation to achieve informationtheoretic soundness of the architecture. The results achieve the enhancement of existing schemes to introduce a novel approach to integrate mechanisms to secure UDT in its deployment. The architecture does include available and well-discussed schemes, which are used in other protocols, with proven computational intelligence which can be upgraded so as to provide improved security and primary protection in future extensive UDT deployments. In this work, we present UDT Security Architecture with suitable mechanisms to ensure preservation of data integrity in data transmission.

Binghuang Cai, Shoudong Huang, Dikai Liu, Shuai Yuan, Dissanayake, G, Lau, H & Pagac, D 1970, 'Optimisation model and exact algorithm for autonomous straddle carrier scheduling at automated container terminals', 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2011), IEEE, pp. 3686-3693.
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Bjarnadottir, S, Li, Y & Stewart, M 1970, 'Probabilistic-based assessment of the impacts of climate change on hurricane loss and adaptation strategies', Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering -Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, CRC Press, pp. 2094-2101.
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This paper presents a risk-cost-benefit based framework to assess the potential hurricane damage risks to residential construction and investigate the cost-effectiveness of different adaptation strategies under various wind speed change scenarios due to climate change. It is estimated that hurricanes caused $6 billion annually in the US in recent years. Changes in hurricane intensity or/and frequency may be expected due to the changing climate. This paper proposes a framework to refine hurricane risk assessment by accounting for the impacts the changing climate may have on hurricane intensity and/or frequency. Various adaptation strategies will be developed in an attempt to mitigate damage costs. Three case study locations (Miami-Dade County, New Hanover County, Galveston County) are presented. This study finds that climate change may have a substantial impact on damage estimation in coastal areas, and that certain adaptation strategies can cost-effectively decrease the damage © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Bliuc, D, Nguyen, ND, Nguyen, TV, Eisman, JA & Center, JR 1970, 'TIMING OF ADVERSE OUTCOMES FOLLOWING OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES IN ELDERLY WOMEN AND MEN: IMPLICATION FOR LONG TERM MANAGEMENT', OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL, IOF Regionals 2nd Asia-Pacific Osteoporosis and Bone Meeting / ANZBMS Annual Scientific Meeting held with the JSBMR, SPRINGER LONDON LTD, Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA, pp. S535-S535.

Bongers, B & Mery, A 1970, 'Interactive kaleidoscope', Proceedings of the 23rd Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OzCHI '11: The Annual Meeting of the Australian Special Interest Group for Computer Human Interaction, ACM, ANU, Canberra, pp. 58-61.
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This paper presents a physical user interface design approach based on interactive art pieces. A range of interactive video installations have been developed by the first author and presented at festivals and exhibitions, enabling audiences to co-create images of kaleidoscopic patterns and textures through movement and tangible interaction. The focus of this paper is the reporting of a semi-structured study in a museum context, addressing the three research questions of whether people are drawn into the installation, whether the interaction is clear, and to what extent the participants become engaged. The findings reveal that audiences are attracted and that the levels of engagement are satisfactory in the context of children exploring the museum. We propose five stages of interaction reflecting the engagement. © 2011 ACM.

Borzeshi, EZ, Piccardi, M & Xu, RYD 1970, 'A discriminative prototype selection approach for graph embedding in human action recognition', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCV Workshops), 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCV Workshops), IEEE, Barcelona Spain, pp. 1295-1301.
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This paper proposes a novel graph-based method for representing a human's shape during the performance of an action. Despite their strong representational power, graphs are computationally cumbersome for pattern analysis. One way of circumventing this problem is that of transforming the graphs into a vector space by means of graph embedding. Such an embedding can be conveniently obtained by way of a set of 'prototype' graphs and a dissimilarity measure: yet, the critical step in this approach is the selection of a suitable set of prototypes which can capture both the salient structure within each action class as well as the intra-class variation. This paper proposes a new discriminative approach for the selection of prototypes which maximizes a function of the inter- and intra-class distances. Experiments on an action recognition dataset reported in the paper show that such a discriminative approach outperforms well-established prototype selection methods such as center, border and random prototype selection.

Borzeshi, EZ, Xu, R & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Automatic Human Action Recognition in Videos by Graph Embedding', Lecture Notes in Computer Science.Image Analysis and Processing - ICIAP 2011.16th International Conference Part II, International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Ravenna, Italy, pp. 19-28.
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The problem of human action recognition has received increasing attention in recent years for its importance in many applications. Yet, the main limitation of current approaches is that they do not capture well the spatial relationships in the subject performing the action. This paper presents an initial study which uses graphs to represent the actorâs shape and graph embedding to then convert the graph into a suitable feature vector. In this way, we can benefit from the wide range of statistical classifiers while retaining the strong representational power of graphs. The paper shows that, although the proposed method does not yet achieve accuracy comparable to that of the best existing approaches, the embedded graphs are capable of describing the deformable human shape and its evolution along the time. This confirms the interesting rationale of the approach and its potential for future performance.

Borzeshi, EZ, Xu, R & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Automatic Human Action Recognition in Videos by Graph Embedding', IMAGE ANALYSIS AND PROCESSING - ICIAP 2011, PT II, 16th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (ICIAP), SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Ravenna, ITALY, pp. 19-28.

Brandl, MB, Beck, D, Pham, TD, Pham, TD, Zhou, X, Tanaka, H, Oyama-Higa, M, Jiang, X, Sun, C, Kowalski, J & Jia, X 1970, 'Application of Fuzzy c-Means and Joint-Feature-Clustering to Detect Redundancies of Image-Features in Drug Combinations Studies of Breast Cancer', AIP Conference Proceedings, 2011 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL MODELS FOR LIFE SCIENCES (CMLS-11), AIP, pp. 65-72.
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The high dimensionality of image-based dataset can be a drawback for classification accuracy. In this study, we propose the application of fuzzy c-means clustering, cluster validity indices and the notation of a joint-feature-clustering matrix to find redundancies of image-features. The introduced matrix indicates how frequently features are grouped in a mutual cluster. The resulting information can be used to find data-derived feature prototypes with a common biological meaning, reduce data storage as well as computation times and improve the classification accuracy. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.

Bremner, MJ 1970, 'Classical simulation of commuting quantum computations implies collapse of the polynomial hierarchy', 14th Workshop on Quantum Information Processing, Singapore.
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Quantum Information Processing (QIP) is a rapidly developing field of research spanning both physics and computer science. As the name implies, the field extends information processing (including computing and cryptography) to physical regimes where quantum effects become significant. QIP 2011 was the fourteenth workshop on theoretical aspects of quantum computing, quantum cryptography, and quantum information in a series that started in Aarhus in 1998 and was held 2010 at ETH Zurich, Switzerland. QIP 2011 featured a tutorial programme, invited talks, contributed talks, and a poster session. In addition, there was a rump session with short informal talks.

Bridge, P, Nguyen, T, Pocock, NA, Cowell, CT, Munns, C, Forwood, N & Thompson, MW 1970, 'VALIDATION OF LONGITUDINAL DXA CHANGES IN BODY COMPOSITION FROM PRE-TO MID-ADOLESCENCE USING MRI AS REFERENCE', OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL, IOF Regionals 2nd Asia-Pacific Osteoporosis and Bone Meeting / ANZBMS Annual Scientific Meeting held with the JSBMR, SPRINGER LONDON LTD, Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA, pp. S567-S567.

Brunner, C, Peynot, T & Vidal-Calleja, T 1970, 'Combining multiple sensor modalities for a localisation robust to smoke', 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2011), IEEE.
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Brunner, C, Peynot, T & Vidal-Calleja, T 1970, 'Combining multiple sensor modalities for a localisation robust to smoke', 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2011), IEEE, San Francisco, CA, pp. 2489-2496.
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This paper proposes an approach to obtain a localisation that is robust to smoke by exploiting multiple sensing modalities: visual and infrared (IR) cameras. This localisation is based on a state-of-the-art visual SLAM algorithm. First, we show that a reasonably accurate localisation can be obtained in the presence of smoke by using only an IR camera, a sensor that is hardly affected by smoke, contrary to a visual camera (operating in the visible spectrum). Second, we demonstrate that improved results can be obtained by combining the information from the two sensor modalities (visual and IR cameras). Third, we show that by detecting the impact of smoke on the visual images using a data quality metric, we can anticipate and mitigate the degradation in performance of the localisation by discarding the most affected data. The experimental validation presents multiple trajectories estimated by the various methods considered, all thoroughly compared to an accurate dGPS/INS reference. © 2011 IEEE.

Brynskov, M, Leong, T & Fritch, J 1970, 'Bridging the Affective Gap to Make News Felt: Civic Engagement in the Climate Debate', 5th International Conference on Communities and Technologies, International Conference on Communities and Technologies, ACM Press, Brisbane, QLD, pp. 50-59.

Brynskov, M, Leong, TW & Fritsch, J 1970, 'Bridging the affective gap to make news felt', Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Communities and Technologies, C&T '11: Communities and Technologies, ACM, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 50-59.
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We report our experiences of how public voice, news reporting, and sensor information can be blended and mediated digitally in ways different from the traditional formats of civic debate. We use Klimatrends (Climate Trends), an iPhone app and related infrastructure, as a probe to understand how citizens, journalists, and other stakeholders can engage in conversations and reflections on an important topic or event understood as a space for aestheticized public voice. By attempting to make news 'felt' through bridging an 'affective gap' between readers/consumers and news/information providers we offer a tentative design strategy for public engagement with civic debate. © 2011 ACM.

Cai, B, Huang, S, Liu, D, Yuan, S, Dissanayake, G, Lau, H, Pagac, D & IEEE 1970, 'Optimisation Model and Exact Algorithm for Autonomous Straddle Carrier Scheduling at Automated Container Terminals', 2011 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, San Francisco, California, USA, pp. 3686-3693.
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In this paper, an optimisation model based on Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows (PDPTW), and an exact algorithm based on Branch-and-Bound with Column Generation (BBCG), are presented for Autonomous Straddle Carriers Scheduling (ASCS) problem at automated container terminals. The ASCS problem is firstly modeled into a PDPTW, which is formulated as a Binary Integer Programming (BIP) and then solved by Column Generation (CG) in the Branch-and-Bound (BB) framework. The BBCG algorithm is also compared to another two exact algorithms [i.e., Binary integer Programming with Dynamic Programming (BPDP) and Exhaustive Search with Permutation and Combination (ESPC)] for the ASCS problem solving. Based on the map of an actual automated container terminal, simulation results and discussions are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the presented model and algorithm for autonomous vehicle scheduling. © 2011 IEEE.

Cai, C, Wang, Y & Geers, G 1970, 'Quantifying the exact impact of state estimation error on traffic signal control', Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science, GIS '11: 19th SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, ACM, pp. 39-44.
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This paper presents a study on quantifying the exact impact of state estimation error on adaptive traffic signal control. The exact impact of state estimation error can be derived using the vertical queuing model and dynamic programming. The vertical queuing model, albeit a simplistic assumption, can be defined unambiguously, and when used to describe the system dynamics in the dynamic programming formulation, enables an exact global optimum to be computed. We further present a model to estimate the impact of state estimation error on multiple cycles of traffic signal operation, which will then be validated by the results obtained from the dynamic programming process based on the vertical queuing model. © 2011 ACM.

Carmichael, MG & Dikai Liu 1970, 'Towards using musculoskeletal models for intelligent control of physically assistive robots', 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, MA, pp. 8162-8165.
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With the increasing number of robots being developed to physically assist humans in tasks such as rehabilitation and assistive living, more intelligent and personalized control systems are desired. In this paper we propose the use of a musculoskeletal model to estimate the strength of the user, from which information can be utilized to improve control schemes in which robots physically assist humans. An optimization model is developed utilizing a musculoskeletal model to estimate human strength in a specified dynamic state. Results of this optimization as well as methods of using it to observe muscle-based weaknesses in task space are presented. Lastly potential methods and problems in incorporating this model into a robot control system are discussed. © 2011 IEEE.

Casanovas, M & Merigo, JM 1970, 'A new decision making method with uncertain induced aggregation operators', 2011 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Multicriteria Decision-Making (MDCM), 2011 Ieee Symposium On Computational Intelligence In Multicriteria Decision-Making - Part Of 17273 - 2011 Ssci, IEEE, pp. 151-158.
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We introduce a new decision making method based on the use of uncertain induced aggregation operators, probabilities and weighted averages. We present the uncertain induced probabilistic ordered weighted averaging weighted averaging (UIPOWAWA) operator. It is a new aggregation operator that provides a parameterized family of aggregation operators between the minimum and the maximum in a unified framework between the probability, the weighted average and the induced ordered weighted averaging (IOWA) operator. Moreover, it also uses uncertain information that can be represented with interval numbers. We study some of its main properties and particular cases including the uncertain induced probabilistic OWA (UIPOWA), the uncertain induced OWA (UIOWA) and the uncertain weighted average (UWA). We also develop an application in multi-person decision making regarding the selection of fiscal policies. © 2011 IEEE.

Chaczko, Z & Aslanzadeh, S 1970, 'C2EN: Anisotropic Model of Cloud Computing', 2011 21st International Conference on Systems Engineering, 2011 21st International Conference on Systems Engineering (ICSEng), IEEE, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 467-473.
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In Cloud computing, due to non-locale and a multi-tenancy of services and resources, there is a need for sophisticated methods for the metering of efficiency, availability and utilisation of services and resources. Setup and management of computing infrastructure, that is in a state of constant flux, related uncertainties of the state of individual elements as well as levels of their usage per application or user on an hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly basis - pose serious challenges. This paper describes how the Anisotropic Network concept, with its mathematical apparatus, can be adopted to model, monitor and manage usage of the cloud computing resources and services seen as an elastic network of interacting elements that are in a constant motion. Various aspects of service utilisation prediction and anisotropic resource movements related to the novel Cloud Computing Elastic Network (C2EN) model will be discussed in the context of a mathematical model and experimental results of simulations.

Chaczko, Z, Aslanzadeh, S & Klempous, R 1970, 'Development of software with cloud computing in 3TZ collaborative team environment', 7th International Conference on Broadband Communications and Biomedical Applications, 2011 6th International Conference on Broadband and Biomedical Communications (IB2Com), IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 318-323.
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In the global economy, we have seen a decrease in the barriers towards communication across the globe along with an increase of service availability to support this communication. Software development is one discipline that is capable of effectively utilizing and benefiting from global collaboration prospect lent by ever increasing capability of information and communication technology. 24-hour continues development is ideal for application towards tasks that have hard-deadlines or require work completed as soon as possible. This article will mainly focus on introducing 24/7 global models that can be applied in cloud environment used in three different time zones. The case study related to developing agricultural software has been investigated in this article.

Chaczko, Z, Chiu, C, Aslanzadeh, S & Dune, T 1970, 'Software Infrastructure for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks.', ICSEng, International Conference on Systems Engineering, IEEE, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 474-479.
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In the development of large ad-hoc Wireless Sensor and Actuator Agent Networks (SANETS), a multitude of disparate problems are faced. In order for these networks to function, software must be able to effectively manage: unreliable dynamic distributed communication, the power constraints of un-wired devices, failure of hardware devices in hostile environments and the remote allocation of distributed processing tasks throughout the network. The solutions to these problems must be solved in a highly scalable manner. The paper describes the process of analysis of the requirements and presents a design of a service-oriented software infrastructure (middleware) solution for scalable ad-hoc networks, in a context of a system made of mobile sensors and actuators.

Chan, KY, Dillon, TS, Kwong, CK, Ling, SH & IEEE 1970, 'Using Genetic Programming for Developing Relationship between Engineering Characteristics and Customer Requirements in New Products', 2011 6TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS (ICIEA), IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 526-531.
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In product planning, development of models of relationship between engineering characteristics and customer requirements in new products is an important process in quality function deployment (QFD), which is a widely used customer driven approach. In this paper, a methodology based on genetic programming (GP) is presented to generate a reliable model that can be used to predict the customer requirements from the engineering characteristics. The proposed GP based method, which has the capability to carry out simultaneous optimization of model relationship structures and parameters, is used to automatically generate accurate nonlinear models relating the two requirements. A case study of the digital camera design shows that the proposed GP based method produce a more accurate and interpretable models than the other commonly used methods, which ignore nonlinear terms in the model development. © 2011 IEEE.

Chan, KY, Dillon, TS, Ling, SH, Kwong, CK & IEEE 1970, 'Determination Of Process Conditions Of Epoxy Dispensing Processes Using A Genetic Algorithm Based Neural Fuzzy Networks', IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ 2011), IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 2253-2260.
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In this paper, process conditions of epoxy dispensing processes are determined by the proposed genetic algorithm based neural fuzzy networks, which consists of two tasks: a) the approach of neural fuzzy networks, which was shown to be better than the other existing approaches, is proposed to develop models in relating between process parameters and quality characteristics for the epoxy dispensing processes; b) the approach of genetic algorithm is used to determine process parameters with respect to pre-defined quality requirements based on the developed neural fuzzy network models. The results indicate that, based on the proposed genetic algorithm based neural fuzzy network, estimated process parameters can achieve specified requirements of microchip encapsulations with high and robust qualities.

Chan, KY, Dillon, TS, Ling, SH, Kwong, CK & IEEE 1970, 'Manufacturing Modeling Using An Evolutionary Fuzzy Regression', IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ 2011), IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 2261-2267.
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Fuzzy regression is a commonly used approach for modeling manufacturing processes in which the availability of experimental data is limited. Fuzzy regression can address fuzzy nature of experimental data in which fuzziness is not avoidable while carrying experiments. However, fuzzy regression can only address linearity in manufacturing process systems, but nonlinearity, which is unavoidable in the process, cannot be addressed. In this paper, an evolutionary fuzzy regression which integrates the mechanism of a fuzzy regression and genetic programming is proposed to generate manufacturing process models. It intends to overcome the deficiency of the fuzzy regression, which cannot address nonlinearities in manufacturing processes. The evolutionary fuzzy regression uses genetic programming to generate the structural form of the manufacturing process model based on tree representation which can address both linearity and onlinearities in manufacturing processes. Then it uses a fuzzy regression to determine outliers in experimental data sets. By using experimental data excluding the outliers, the fuzzy regression can determine fuzzy coefficients which indicate the contribution and fuzziness of each term in the structural form of the manufacturing process model. To evaluate the effectiveness of the evolutionary fuzzy regression, a case study regarding modeling of epoxy dispensing process is carried out.

Chan, MY, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 1970, 'FRAGILITY FRACTURE AND OSTEOARTHRITIS: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN BONE MINERAL AND BONE MASS INDEX', OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL, IOF Regionals 2nd Asia-Pacific Osteoporosis and Bone Meeting / ANZBMS Annual Scientific Meeting held with the JSBMR, SPRINGER LONDON LTD, Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA, pp. S548-S549.

Chan, MY, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Nguyen, TV & Eisman, JA 1970, 'QUANTITATIVE ULTRASOUND AND FRACTURE PREDICTION IN NON-OSTEOPOROTIC MEN AND WOMEN', OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL, IOF Regionals 2nd Asia-Pacific Osteoporosis and Bone Meeting / ANZBMS Annual Scientific Meeting held with the JSBMR, SPRINGER LONDON LTD, Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA, pp. S567-S568.

Chang, L, Yu, JX, Qin, L, Zhu, Y & Wang, H 1970, 'Finding information nebula over large networks.', CIKM, ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM, Glasgow, United Kingdom, pp. 1465-1474.
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Social and information networks have been extensively studied over years. In this paper, we concentrate ourselves on a large information network that is composed of entities and relationships, where entities are associated with sets of keyword terms (kterms) to specify what they are, and relationships describe the link structure among entities which can be very complex. Our work is motivated but is different from the existing works that find a best subgraph to describe how user-specified entities are connected. We compute information nebula (cloud) which is a set of top-K kterms P that are most correlated to a set of user-specified kterms Q, over a large information network. Our goal is to find how kterms are correlated given the complex information network among entities. The information nebula computing requests us to take all possible kterms into consideration for the top-K kterms selection, and needs to measure the similarity between kterms by considering all possible subgraphs that connect them instead of the best single one. In this work, we compute information nebula using a global structural-context similarity, and our similarity measure is independent of connection subgraphs. To the best of our knowledge, among the link-based similarity methods, none of the existing work considers similarity between two sets of nodes or two kterms. We propose new algorithms to find top-K kterms P for a given set of kterms Q based on the global structural-context similarity, without computing all the similarity scores of kterms in the large information network. We performed extensive performance studies using large real datasets, and confirmed the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach. © 2011 ACM.

Cheema, MA, Lin, X, Zhang, W & Zhang, Y 1970, 'Influence zone: Efficiently processing reverse k nearest neighbors queries', 2011 IEEE 27th International Conference on Data Engineering, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE 2011), IEEE, Hannover, Germany, pp. 577-588.
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Given a set of objects and a query q, a point p is called the reverse k nearest neighbor (RkNN) of q if q is one of the k closest objects of p. In this paper, we introduce the concept of influence zone which is the area such that every point inside this area is the RkNN of q and every point outside this area is not the RkNN. The influence zone has several applications in location based services, marketing and decision support systems. It can also be used to efficiently process RkNN queries. First, we present efficient algorithm to compute the influence zone. Then, based on the influence zone, we present efficient algorithms to process RkNN queries that significantly outperform existing best known techniques for both the snapshot and continuous RkNN queries. We also present a detailed theoretical analysis to analyse the area of the influence zone and IO costs of our RkNN processing algorithms. Our experiments demonstrate the accuracy of our theoretical analysis.

Chen, C-H, Lin, C-J & Lin, C-T 1970, 'An immune symbiotic evolution learning for compensatory neural fuzzy networks and its applications', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE 2011), 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 2819-2826.
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This study presents an efficient immune symbiotic evolution learning algorithm for the compensatory neural fuzzy network (CNFN). The proposed immune symbiotic evolution learning method (ISEL) includes three major components initial population, subgroup symbiotic evolution and immune system algorithm. The advantage of the proposed ISEL method are that the subgroup symbiotic evolution method uses the subgroup-based population to evaluate the fuzzy rules locally and the adopted immune system algorithm can accelerate the search and increase global search capacity. Finally, the simulation results have shown that the proposed CNFN-ISEL can outperform other methods. © 2011 IEEE.

Chen, H, Zhu, D, Wang, X, Zhang, Y, Lu, X, Xu, J, Heng, X, Liu, C & Tang, J 1970, 'Evaluating Olympic Technology Development: Use of Literature Analysis Based on Science Citation Index', COMPUTER COMMUNICATION AND MANAGEMENT, International Conference on Computer Communication and Management (ICCCM 2011), INT ASSOC COMPUTER SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PRESS-IACSIT PRESS, AUSTRALIA, Sydney, pp. 436-440.

Chen, L & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Novel Data Protection Model in Healthcare Cloud', 2011 IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications, Communication (HPCC), IEEE, Banff, AB, Canada, pp. 550-555.
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Abstract- deploying state-of-the-art technologies is vital and inevitable in healthcare industry to cope with emerging services such as healthcare resource sharing and integration, collaborative consultation, and electronic health record. Cloud computing allows simple and easy user access, coping with users' dynamic and elastic demands, providing metered usage for its resources and hence is increasingly being adopted by individual users as well as enterprise users. The Cloud is being considered as appropriate technology for future healthcare infrastructure. However, in order to use of Cloud services effectively, users' data and/or resource have to be transferred to the cloud side and this inevitably raises several serious issues concerning losing control of users' resource, data privacy protection, data ownership and security. This paper addresses security and privacy challenges in healthcare cloud by deploying a novel framework with CPRBAC (Cloud-based Privacy-aware Role Based Access Control) model for controllability, traceability of data and authorized access to system resources. Furthermore, the work seeks to develop a unique active auditing service that is capable of tracing, tracking, and triggering an alarm on any operation, data or policy violations in the Cloud environment.

Chen, L & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Towards Scalable, Fine-Grained, Intrusion-Tolerant Data Protection Models for Healthcare Cloud', 2011IEEE 10th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, 2011 IEEE 10th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), IEEE, Changsha, China, pp. 126-133.
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Despite cloud computing has been widely adopted by most industries, the healthcare industry still reveals a slow development in cloud-based solution due to the raising of user fear that their confidential health data or privacy would leak out in the cloud. To allay users' concern of data control, data ownership, security and privacy, we propose a robust data protection framework which is surrounded by a chain of protection schemes from access control, monitoring, to active auditing. The framework includes three key components which are Cloud-based Privacy-aware Role Based Access Control (CPRBAC) model, Triggerable Data File Structure (TDFS), and Active Auditing Scheme (AAS respectively. Our schemes address controllability, trace ability of data and authorize access to healthcare system resource. Data violation against access control policies can be proactively triggered to perform corresponding defense mechanisms. Our goal is to bring benefits of cloud computing to healthcare industries to assist them improve quality of service and reduce the cost of overall healthcare.

Chen, L & Zhang, C 1970, 'Semi-supervised Variable Weighting for Clustering', Proceedings of the 2011 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Proceedings of the 2011 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Mesa, Arizona, USA, pp. 862-871.
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Semi-supervised learning, which uses a small amount of labeled data in conjunction with a large amount of unlabeled data for training, has recently attracted huge research attention due to the considerable improvement in learning accuracy. In this work, we focus on semi- supervised variable weighting for clustering, which is a critical step in clustering as it is known that interesting clustering structure usually occurs in a subspace defined by a subset of variables. Besides exploiting both labeled and unlabeled data to effectively identify the real importance of variables, our method embeds variable weighting in the process of semi-supervised clustering, rather than calculating variable weights separately, to ensure the computation efficiency. Our experiments carried out on both synthetic and real data demonstrate that semi-supervised variable weighting signicantly improves the clustering accuracy of existing semi-supervised k-means without variable weighting, or with unsupervised variable weighting.

Chen, M, Willgoose, GR & Saco, PM 1970, 'Estimating temporal soil moisture dynamics using the HYDRUS-1D and IBIS models', 34th IAHR Congress 2011 - Balance and Uncertainty: Water in a Changing World, Incorporating the 33rd Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium and the 10th Conference on Hydraulics in Water Engineering, pp. 1977-1984.
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Soil moisture is an important component of land surface schemes being incorporated into climate models. We conducted an intercomparison of two widely-accepted land surface models (HYDRUS-1D and IBIS) by simulating the daily soil moisture dynamics in one monitoring site at our Stanley site. Surface 30cm soil moisture can be satisfactorily calibrated using HYDRUS. The models differed significantly in their simulations when HYDRUS calibrated soil-and-vegetation parameters were used in IBIS. This results from 1) different soil hydraulic properties, derived from the same soil classes using different pedotransfer functions in the two models, and 2) different lower boundary conditions at the 30cm interface. Simulations of HYDRUS and IBIS were comparable after adjusting the two factors, but IBIS still predicted a slightly wetter soil conditions than HYDRUS during dry periods. Daily boundary drainage and evapotranspiration estimates were similar, but the timing and magnitude of simulated surface runoff differed significantly. This implies a larger uncertainty in modelling the surface runoff using these land surface schemes relative to evapotranspiration and soil moisture. These conclusions also held for different soil properties obtained from other Stanley sites, except for S3 (with a lower saturated hydraulic conductivity).

Chen, Q, Lin, W, Dou, W & Yu, S 1970, 'CBF: A Packet Filtering Method for DDoS Attack Defense in Cloud Environment', 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, 2011 IEEE 9th International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing (DASC), IEEE, pp. 427-434.
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Distributed Denial-of-Service attack (DDoS) is a major threat for cloud environment. Traditional defending approaches cannot be easily applied in cloud security due to their relatively low efficiency, large storage, to name a few. In view of this challenge, a Confidence-Based Filtering method, named CBF, is investigated for cloud computing environment, in this paper. Concretely speaking, the method is deployed by two periods, i.e., non-attack period and attack period. More specially, legitimate packets are collected at non-attack period, for extracting attribute pairs to generate a nominal profile. With the nominal profile, the CBF method is promoted by calculating the score of a particular packet at attack period, to determine whether to discard it or not. At last, extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the CBF method. The result shows that CBF has a high scoring speed, a small storage requirement and an acceptable filtering accuracy, making it suitable for real-time filtering in cloud environment. © 2011 IEEE.

Chen, S, Epps, J & Chen, F 1970, 'A comparison of four methods for cognitive load measurement', Proceedings of the 23rd Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OzCHI '11: The Annual Meeting of the Australian Special Interest Group for Computer Human Interaction, ACM, pp. 76-79.
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Recognizing users' cognitive load during tasks is among the most important considerations for adaptive automation and interface evaluation. This paper compares four methods of measuring user cognitive load, that is, subjective rating of task difficulty, task completion time, performance accuracy and eye activity based physiological measurement. In order to be practically useful, the measurement should be sensitive to task difficulty variation and accurately predict user cognitive load. In this study, we examined the sensitivity and accuracy of these measures for five levels of cognitive load. ANOVA tests and Gaussian mixture model classification results show that subjective rating of task difficulty is the most effective measure, meanwhile eye activity based measure is as sensitive and accurate as using task completion time to classify two or more cognitive load levels, but has the relative advantage of being a real time measure and not requiring a specific action. © 2011 ACM.

Chen, S, Epps, J, Ruiz, N & Chen, F 1970, 'Eye activity as a measure of human mental effort in HCI', Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces, IUI '11: 16th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, ACM, pp. 315-318.
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The measurement of a user's mental effort is a problem whose solutions may have important applications to adaptive interfaces and interface evaluation. Previous studies have empirically shown links between eye activity and mental effort; however these have usually investigated only one class of eye activity on tasks atypical of HCI. This paper reports on research into eight eye activity based features, spanning eye blink, pupillary response and eye movement information, for real time mental effort measurement. Results from an experiment conducted using a computer-based training system show that the three classes of eye features are capable of discriminating different cognitive load levels. Correlation analysis between various pairs of features suggests that significant improvements in discriminating different effort levels can be made by combining multiple features. This shows an initial step towards a real-time cognitive load measurement system in human-computer interaction. © 2011 ACM.

Chen, S, Nepal, S & Liu, R 1970, 'Secure Connectivity for Intra-cloud and Inter-cloud Communication', 2011 40th International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops, 2011 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops (ICPPW), IEEE, Taipei City, Taiwan, pp. 154-159.
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The cloud has become an attractive platform for enterprises to deploy and execute their business services for B2B collaborations. Naturally, some of the confidential B2B collaborations require secure tunnels to secure the messaging between the services that are deployed within the same cloud or different clouds. This article examines this issue by reviewing existing network security technologies and presenting an electronic contract based solution that provides a secure Connectivity as a Service (CaaS) for intra-cloud and inter-cloud communications with little or no configuration effort. © 2011 IEEE.

Chen, X, He, X, Yang, J & Wu, Q 1970, 'An effective document image deblurring algorithm', CVPR 2011, 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE, Colorado Springs, pp. 369-376.
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Deblurring camera-based document image is an important task in digital document processing, since it can improve both the accuracy of optical character recognition systems and the visual quality of document images. Traditional deblurring algorithms have been proposed to work for natural-scene images. However the natural-scene images are not consistent with document images. In this paper, the distinct characteristics of document images are investigated. We propose a content-aware prior for document image deblurring. It is based on document image foreground segmentation. Besides, an upper-bound constraint combined with total variation based method is proposed to suppress the rings in the deblurred image. Comparing with the traditional general purpose deblurring methods, the proposed deblurring algorithm can produce more pleasing results on document images. Encouraging experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. © 2011 IEEE.

Cheng, E, Burnett, IS & IEEE 1970, 'ON THE EFFECT OF AMR AND AMR-WB GSM COMPRESSION ON OVERLAPPED SPEECH FOR FORENSIC ANALYSIS', 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 1872-1875.
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The recent ubiquity of mobile telephony has posed the challenge of forensic speech analysis on compressed speech content. Whilst existing research studies have investigated the effect of mobile speech compression on speaker and speech parameters, this paper addresses the effect of speech compression on parameters when an interfering background speaker is present in clean and noisy conditions. Preliminary evaluations presented in this paper study the effect of the Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) and Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB) speech coders on the Linear Prediction (LP) speech spectrum, Line Spectral Frequencies (LSFs), and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs). Results indicate that due caution should be employed for the forensic analysis of mobile telephony speech: speech coder parameters are significantly degraded when an interfering speaker or noise is present, compared to parameters obtained from the main speaker alone. Moreover, at high SNR the speech parameters exhibit values that gradually transition from those ideally and independently obtained from the main speaker to those of the background speaker as the amplitude of the background interfering speaker increases. © 2011 IEEE.

Cheng, E, Davis, S, Burnett, I & Ritz, C 1970, 'An ambient multimedia user experience feedback framework based on user tagging and EEG biosignals', Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Semantic Ambient Media Experience Same 2011 in Conjunction with the 5th International Convergence on Communities and Technologies, pp. 61-66.
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Multimedia is increasingly accessed online and within social networks; however, users are typically limited to visual/auditory stimulus through media presented onscreen with accompanying audio over speakers. Whilst recent research studying additional ambient sensory multimedia effects recorded numerical scores of perceptual quality, the users' time-varying emotional response to the ambient sensory feedback is not considered. This paper thus introduces a framework to evaluate user ambient quality of multimedia experience and discover users' time-varying emotional responses through explicit user tagging and implicit EEG biosignal analysis. In the proposed framework, users interact with the media via discrete tagging activities whilst their EEG biosignal emotional feedback is continuously monitored in-between user tagging events with emotional states correlated with media content and tags. Copyright © (2011) by International Ambient Media Association (iAMEA).

Chin-Teng Lin, Chun-Ling Lin, Tzai-Wen Chiu, Jeng-Ren Duann & Tzyy-Ping Jung 1970, 'Effect of respiratory modulation on relationship between heart rate variability and motion sickness', 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, MA, USA, pp. 1921-1924.
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This study investigates the interplay among heart rate variability (HRV), respiration, and the severity of motion sickness (MS) in a realistic passive driving task. Although HRV is a commonly used metrically in physiological research or even believed to be a direct measure of sympathovagal activities, the results of MS-effected HRV remain mixed across studies. The goal of this study is to find the source of these contradicting results of HRV associated with MS. Experimental results of this study showed that the group trend of the low-frequency (LF) component and the LF/HF ratio increased and high-frequency (HF) component decreased significantly as self-reported MS level increased (p0.001), consistent with a perception-driven autonomic response of the cardiovascular system. However, in one of the subjects, the relationship was reversed when individuals intentionally adjust themselves (deep breathing) to relieve the discomfort of MS during the experiments. It appears that the correlations between HRV and MS level were higher when individuals made fewer adjustments (the number of deep breathing) during the passive driving experiments. © 2011 IEEE.

Chongjun Zhu & Shiping Wen 1970, 'Stochastic stability of fuzzy Hopfield neural networks with time-varying delays', International Conference on Information Science and Technology, 2011 International Conference on Information Science and Technology (ICIST), IEEE, pp. 1034-1037.
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Chotiprayanaku, P, Liu, D & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'An Extended Hand Movement Model for Haptic-Based Remote Operation of Infrastructure Maintenance Robots', Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), Seoul, Korea, pp. 1196-1202.
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Chotiprayanakul, P, Liu, D & Paul, G 1970, 'Effect of View Distance and Movement Scale on Haptic-Based Teleoperation of Industrial Robots in Complex Environments', Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2011), International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), Seoul, Korea, pp. 1019-1024.
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Chotiprayanakul, P, Liu, D & Paul, G 1970, 'Effect of View Distance and Movement Scale on Haptic-Based Teleoperation of Industrial Robots in Complex Environments', Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), Seoul, Korea, pp. 1019-1024.
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This paper presents the study on the effect of view distance and movement scale on performance of haptic based teleoperation of a sandblasting robot in complex steel bridge maintenance environments. The operational performance, measured by the Index of Performance (IP), is defined based on the speed and the control accuracy of the manipulator. View distance (i.e. the distance between a display space and an object movement space) and movement scale between hand movement and manipulator movement, which are normally selected empirically, have significant effect the performance. In this paper, an experimental approach is used for determining view distance and movement scale. The sandblasting robotic system is used as an example industrial application in the experiments. Results of the experiments show a range of the view distance and the movement scale that can improve the performance of haptic-based teleoperation of industrial robots in complex environments.

Chu, H-S, Kuo, B-C, Li, C-H & Lin, C-T 1970, 'A semisupervised feature extraction method based on fuzzy-type linear discriminant analysis', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE 2011), 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 1927-1932.
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Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a commonly used feature extraction (FE) method to resolve the Hughes phenomenon for classification. The Hughes phenomenon (also called the curse of dimensionality) is often encountered in classification when the dimensionality of the space grows and the size of the training set is fixed, especially in the small sampling size problem. Recent studies show that the spatial information can greatly improve the classification performance. Hence, for hyperspectral image classification, it is not only necessary to use the available spectral information but also to exploit the spatial information. In this paper, a semisupervised feature extraction method which is based on the scatter matrices of the fuzzy-type LDA and uses the semi-information is proposed. The experimental results on two hyperspectral images, the Washington DC Mall and the Indian Pine Site, show that the proposed method can yield a better classification performance than LDA in the small sampling size problem. © 2011 IEEE.

Chu, J, Phoon, KK, De Groot, D, De Puy, M, Indraratna, B, Liu, HL, Lo, SCR, Nadim, F, Ohta, H, Sengara, W, Auvinet, G, Baimakhan, RB, Bergado, DT, Bo, MW, Chin, CT, Ciortan, R, Eitner, V, Filz, G, Gandhi, SR, Iai, S, Irsyam, M, Jefferson, I, Pappin, J, Seneviratne, N, Shin, EC, Thu, TM, Wardani, A, Werno, M & Zhang, J 1970, 'ISSMGE Technical Committee TC39 Report', Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering: The Academia and Practice of Geotechnical Engineering, IOS Press, pp. 3799-3800.
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The activities of the ISSMGE Technical Committee TC from 2005 to 2009 are summarized in this report.

Concha, OP, Da Xu, RY, Moghaddam, Z & Piccardi, M 1970, 'HMM-MIO: An enhanced hidden Markov model for action recognition', CVPR 2011 WORKSHOPS, 2011 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPR Workshops), IEEE, Colorado Spring, CO, pp. 62-69.
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Generative models can be flexibly employed in a variety of tasks such as classification, detection and segmentation thanks to their explicit modelling of likelihood functions. However, likelihood functions are hard to model accurately in many real cases. In this paper, we present an enhanced hidden Markov model capable of dealing with the noisy, high-dimensional and sparse measurements typical of action feature sets. The modified model, named hidden Markov model with multiple, independent observations (HMM-MIO), joins: a) robustness to observation outliers, b) dimensionality reduction, and c) processing of sparse observations. In the paper, a set of experimental results over the Weizmann and KTH datasets shows that this model can be tuned to achieve classification accuracy comparable to that of discriminative classifiers. While discriminative approaches remain the natural choice for classification tasks, our results prove that likelihoods, too, can be modelled to a high level of accuracy. In the near future, we plan extension of HMM-MIO along the lines of infinite Markov models and its integration into a switching model for continuous human action recognition. © 2011 IEEE.

Conneely, M, Rolfsnes, HO, McGloin, D, Main, C & Campbell, PA 1970, 'Role of mirror dynamics in determining the accuracy of framing rate in an ultra high speed rotating mirror camera', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, SPIE, San Diego, CA, pp. 812512-812512.
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Conroy, D, Wyeth, P & Johnson, D 1970, 'Modeling player-like behavior for game AI design', Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology, ACE '11: International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology, ACM, pp. 1-8.
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Coorey, BP & Jupp, JR 1970, 'PARAMETRIC MODELLING AND DESIGN PROCESES Exploring synthesis and evaluation using a Function-Behaviour-Structure perspective', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN RESEARCH IN ASIA (CAADRIA 2011), Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA) annual conference, The Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia, The University of Newcastle, Australia, pp. 39-48.
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In an attempt to extend our understanding of the design process in the context of computational parametric design tools, this paper explores the relationship between and interaction of synthesis and evaluation. In establishing the importance of their coupling in parametric design the paper then explores its consequence on the design process relative to existing models of designing. A tension between designing as planning, search and exploration in parametric design is highlighted together with a conceptual framework, which draws from a situated Function-Behaviour-Structure model of design. The purpose of the framework is to facilitate these different modes of designing and is targeted at the use of parametric tools.

Corney, M, Lister, R & Teague, D 1970, 'Early Relational Reasoning and the Novice Programmer: Swapping as the 'Hello World' of Relational Reasoning', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society, Perth, Australia, pp. 95-104.
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We report on a longitudinal research study of the development of novice programmers in their first semester of programming. In the third week, almost half of our sample of students could not answer an explain-inplain-English question, for code consisting of just three assignment statements, which swapped the values in two variables. We regard code that swaps the values of two variables as the simplest case of where a programming student can manifest a SOLO relational response. Our results demonstrate that the problems many students face with understanding code can begin very early, on relatively trivial code. However, using traditional programming exercises, these problems often go undetected until late in the semester. New approaches are required to detect and fix these problems earlier. © 2011, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Craig, A, Tran, Y, Wijesuriya, N, Thuraisingham, R & Hung Nguyen 1970, 'Switching rate changes associated with mental fatigue for assistive technologies', 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 3071-3074.
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This paper presents research that investigated the effects of mental fatigue on brain activity associated with eyes open and eyes closed conditions. The changes associated with electroencephalography (EEG) alpha wave activity (8-13Hz) during eye closure has previously been shown to be an effective strategy for switching and activating devices as an environmental control system (ECS) designed for people with severe disability like spinal cord injury (SCI). The results showed that switching times did increase due to fatigue, however, these increases were not large (around 1 second longer to switch) and this difference was not significant. When baselines were readjusted taking into account the change in alpha wave activity due to the fatigue, switching reduced to times typically seen when the person was alert. Error rates were similar between the alert and fatigue sates. Implications of these results for a hands-free ECS are discussed. © 2011 IEEE.

Crews, KI, Buchanan, AH, Quenneville, P & Pampanin, S 1970, 'Development of High Performance Structural Timver Systems for Non Residential Buildings in New Zealand and Australia', Procedia Engineering, Structural Engineering and Construction Conference, Elsevier BV, Hong Kong, pp. 1582-1589.
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Design of structural systems for commercial and multi-residential buildings throughout most parts of the world, is currently dominated by the use of reinforced and / or prestressed concrete construction, usually supported by steel or concrete beams and frames. However, recent developments throughout the world have demonstrated the potential for timber based structural systems to be used in these types of buildings for beams and columns, roof structures and floors. The advent of engineered wood products (EWP's) such as LVL and glulam has made it possible to fabricate large section, long spanning structural members that have excellent structural properties and reliability equivalent to that of steel or concrete used in the same applications. Since 2007, significant (and related) research initiatives have been undertaken in Australia and New Zealand, investigating the performance of timber and timber hybrid systems for use in large span / medium rise commercial and industrial buildings. In 2009 a research consortium of government, industry and three Universities known as the Structural Timber Innovation Company (STIC) commenced an extensive R&D 5 year program with a total budget of $10m NZD

Cunha, I, Teixeira, R, Veitch, D & Diot, C 1970, 'Predicting and tracking internet path changes', Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2011 conference, SIGCOMM '11: ACM SIGCOMM 2011 Conference, ACM, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, pp. 122-133.
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This paper investigates to what extent it is possible to use traceroute-style probing for accurately tracking Internet path changes. When the number of paths is large, the usual traceroute based approach misses many path changes because it probes all paths equally. Based on empirical observations, we argue that monitors can optimize probing according to the likelihood of path changes. We design a simple predictor of path changes using a nearest neighbor model. Although predicting path changes is not very accurate, we show that it can be used to improve probe targeting. Our path tracking method, called DTrack, detects up to two times more path changes than traditional probing, with lower detection delay, as well as providing complete load-balancer information.

Davis, S, Cheng, E, Burnett, I & Ritz, C 1970, 'Multimedia user feedback based on augmenting user tags with EEG emotional states', 2011 Third International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience, 2011 Third International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2011), IEEE, Mechelen, Belgium, pp. 143-148.
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Efficient content-based access to large multimedia collections requires annotations that are human-meaningful, and user tagging of media is one means to obtain such semantic metadata. Tags can also act as user feedback essential for quality of multimedia experience assessment; however, tags can lack user context and become ambiguous between different users. Further, user tagging is a deliberate and discrete event where a user's response to the media can significantly vary in-between tagging events. This paper extends upon the authors' social multimedia adaptation framework to explore the use of EEG biosignals obtained from consumer EEG headsets to form context around explicit tagging activities and as user emotional feedback in-between user tagging events. Preliminary user studies investigating grouped participant responses indicate the most indicative emotional states to be short-term excitement, engagement and frustration in addition to gyroscope information. © 2011 IEEE.

Deng, W, Jin, D, Drozdowicz-Tomsia, K, Yuan, J, Wu, J & Goldys, EM 1970, 'Plasmonic Ag/SiO 2 composite nanoparticles doped with europium chelate and their metal enhanced fluorescence', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE BiOS, SPIE, USA, pp. 79090Z-79090Z.
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We report silver nanostructure-enhanced fluorescence of a europium (Eu) chelate, BHHCT-Eu-DPBT, which was covalently bound in Ag/SiO2 nanocomposites. This design enhances the europium signal intensity by more than one order of magnitude, and accelerates the decay time from 0.3 ms down to 60 microseconds, at low excitation conditions. These nanocomposites were bright enough to be observed in time-gated fluorescence microscopy under 365 nm LED excitation. The increased brightness and reduced lifetime of such fluorescent core-shell nanocomposites will enhance their applicability for ultrasensitive bioassays and bioimaging, especially with time-gating. © 2011 SPIE.

Devitt, SJ, Stephens, AM, Munro, WJ & Nemoto, K 1970, 'Integration of highly probabilistic sources into optical quantum architectures', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, pp. 423-425.
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We introduce a design for an optical computer constructed exclusively from a single quantum component. Unlike previous efforts we eliminate the need for on demand photon sources and detectors and replace them with the same device utilised to create photon/photon entanglement. This introduces highly probabilistic elements into the architecture while maintaining complete specificity of the structure and operation for a large-scale computer. © 2011 AOS.

Devitt, SJ, Stephens, AM, Munro, WJ & Nemoto, K 1970, 'Integration of highly probabilistic sources into optical quantum architectures.', Proceedings of the International Quantum Electronics Conference and Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim 2011, International Quantum Electronics Conference, OSA, pp. I715-I715.
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We introduce a design for an optical computer constructed exclusively from a single quantum component. Unlike previous efforts we eliminate the need for on demand photon sources and detectors and replace them with the same device utilised to create photon/photon entanglement. This introduces highly probabilistic elements into the architecture while maintaining complete specificity of the structure and operation for a large scale computer. © 2011 Optical Society of America.

Devitt, SJ, Stephens, AM, Munro, WJ & Nemoto, K 1970, 'The optical quantum computer: how big and how fast?', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, SPIE, San Diego, CA, pp. 81630R-81630R.
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Ding, XQ, Willgoose, GR & Stewart, MG 1970, 'Time-dependent damage caused by enhanced greenhouse conditions', Modsim 2011 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation Sustaining Our Future Understanding and Living with Uncertainty, pp. 2698-2704.
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Damage to infrastructure caused by anthropogenic climate change can cause dramatic economic loss and social disruption. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, climate change may cause an increase in the intensity of droughts, the frequency of floods, and increasing coastal vulnerability to tropical cyclones, storm surges and sea-level rise. This paper uses the stochastic technique Monte Carlo technique to explore the time-dependent damage due to climate change, considering the hazard as a stochastic variable. Three different time periods were explored: 2010-2035, 2010-2050 and 2010-2100. The analysis investigated no climate change and with climate change scenarios that affect the probabilistic model of hazard occurrence, and vulnerability functions that represent the potential damage for a given hazard. The probabilistic model and vulnerability models used in this study are relatively simple, but they can help to generate a framework of the time-dependent climate change damage and understand its economic behaviour. Parametric studies are heavily used in this study to explore a range of possible conclusions. The sensitivity of the change of parameters such as threshold h T, discount rate r, and time T are considered. The results are given in terms of mean cumulative annual loss. The discount rate was found to be a key parameter affecting cumulative damage prediction. Since damage often only occurs once a threshold level of hazard has occurred (such as a flood level exceeding the floor level of a house), then the influence of this threshold value on damage is significant. Damage/impact models utilising probabilistic hazard were used to verify the robustness of results. Results are very sensitive to threshold. Time-dependent predictions of damage can help decisionmakers assess the impact of climate change and the economic viability of climate change adaptation strategies.

Ding, Y, Wu, J, Zhou, H, Feng, P, Liu, B & Gui, L 1970, 'A self-awareness routing scheme with power control for underlay spectrum sharing networks', 2011 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP), Signal Processing (WCSP 2011), IEEE, pp. 1-5.
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Dynamic spectrum sharing technology through the underlay approach in cognitive radio systems is becoming one of the most important issues to improve the spectrum utilization. In this paper, we first introduce a novel routing selection scenario for underlay spectrum sharing network. The scenario consists of three parts: spectrum management network (SMN), secondary user network (SUN) and primary user network (PUN). Through the spectrum information collection in SMN and the spectrum related information exchange between the SMN and SUN in a common channel, the underlay model can avoid the interference to the PUN as much as possible. To better establish an effective and practical routing selection model in SUN and minimize the interference to PUN, we propose a self-awareness routing (SAR) scheme, based on the power control approach and the router capacity metric. The simulation results validate that SAR can achieve a high level performance not only in the routing quality, but also in the minimization of the interference to the PUN. © 2011 IEEE.

Dissanayake, G, Huang, S, Wang, Z & Ranasinghe, R 1970, 'A review of recent developments in Simultaneous Localization and Mapping', 2011 6th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, 2011 IEEE 6th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS), IEEE, Sri Lanka, pp. 477-482.
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Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) problem has been an active area of research in robotics for more than a decade. Many fundamental and practical aspects of SLAM have been addressed and some impressive practical solutions have been demonstrated. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of the current state of the research on feature based SLAM, in particular to examine the current understanding of the fundamental properties of the SLAM problem and associated issues with the view to consolidate recent achievements. © 2011 IEEE.

Dong, D & Petersen, IR 1970, 'Sampled-data control of two-level quantum systems based on sliding mode design', IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference, 2011 50th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference (CDC-ECC 2011), IEEE, pp. 6236-6241.
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Dong, X, Zheng, Z, Cao, L, Zhao, Y, Zhang, C, Li, J, Wei, W & Ou, Y 1970, 'e-NSP: efficient negative sequential pattern mining based on identified positive patterns without database rescanning.', CIKM, ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM, Glasgow, Scotland, UK, pp. 825-830.
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Mining Negative Sequential Patterns (NSP) is much more challenging than mining Positive Sequential Patterns (PSP) due to the high computational complexity and huge search space required in calculating Negative Sequential Candidates (NSC). Very few approaches are available for mining NSP, which mainly rely on re-scanning databases after identifying PSP. As a result, they are very inefficient. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm for mining NSP, called e-NSP, which mines for NSP by only involving the identified PSP, without re-scanning databases. First, negative containment is defined to determine whether or not a data sequence contains a negative sequence. Second, an efficient approach is proposed to convert the negative containment problem to a positive containment problem. The supports of NSC are then calculated based only on the corresponding PSP. Finally, a simple but efficient approach is proposed to generate NSC. With e-NSP, mining NSP does not require additional database scans, and the existing PSP mining algorithms can be integrated into e-NSP to mine for NSP efficiently. e-NSP is compared with two currently available NSP mining algorithms on 14 synthetic and real-life datasets. Intensive experiments show that e-NSP takes as little as 3% of the runtime of the baseline approaches and is applicable for efficient mining of NSP in large datasets. © 2011 ACM.

Dong, YF, Kanhere, S, Chou, CT & Ren Ping Liu 1970, 'Automatic image capturing and processing for PetrolWatch', 2011 17th IEEE International Conference on Networks, 2011 17th IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON), IEEE, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 236-240.
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In our previous work [1], we proposed a Participatory Sensing (PS) architecture called PetrolWatch to collect and share fuel prices from camera images of road-side price board (billboard) of service (or gas) stations. A key part of the PetrolWatch architecture, and the main focus of this paper, is the automatic billboard image capture from a moving car without user intervention. We develop the system design and implementation of the automatic image collection for PetrolWatch. Capturing a clear image by an unassisted mobile phone from a moving car is proved to be a challenge by our street driving experiments. We design the camera control and image pre-selection schemes to address this challenge. In particular, we leverage the advanced capabilities of modern mobile phones to design an acceptable camera triggering range and set the camera focus accordingly. Experiment results show that our design improve fuel price extraction rate by more than 40%. To deal with blurred images caused by vehicle vibrations, we design a set of pre-selection thresholds based on the measures from embedded accelerometer of the mobile phone. Our experiments show that our pre-selection improves the system efficiency by eliminating 78.57% of the blurred images. © 2011 IEEE.

Doss, R, Zhou, W, Yu, S & Gao, L 1970, 'A novel mutual authentication scheme with minimum disclosure for RFID systems', 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), IEEE, pp. 544-549.
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In this paper we present a novel approach to authentication and privacy in RFID systems based on the minimum disclosure property and in conformance to EPC Class-1 Gen-2 specifications. We take into account the computational constraints of EPC Class-1 Gen-2 passive RFID tags and only the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and pseudo random number generator (PRNG) functions that passive RFID tags are capable of are employed. Detailed security analysis of our scheme shows that it can offer robust security properties in terms of tag anonymity and tag untraceability while at the same time being robust to replay, tag impersonation and desynchronisation attacks. Simulations results are also presented to study the scalability of the proposed scheme and its impact on authentication delay. © 2011 IEEE.

Dovey, KA 1970, 'The Promise of Crisis: Dangerous Learning in Turbulent Contexts', OLKC 2011: Making Waves, Organizational Learning and Knowledge Capabilities, Hull University Business School, Hull, United Kingdom, pp. 36-53.
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In this paper, I outline a pilot project aimed at exploring creativity and innovation within the South African creative industries. Interviews with eleven people who have deep knowledge of these industries delivered an insightful perspective on the contextual factors driving creativity and its realization in innovative outcomes within these industries; factors that align well with those identified in the creativity and innovation research literature.

Dowling, DG & Hadgraft, RG 1970, 'A systematic consultation process to define graduate outcomes for engineering disciplines', RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION SYMPOSIUM, Research in Engineering Education Symposium, UNIV POLITECNICA MADRID, Univ Politecnica Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN, pp. 552-561.
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In many countries around the world, there is considerable interest in the development of robust learning outcomes for engineering and other higher education programs. These outcomes underpin the accreditation systems operated by ABET, Engineers Australia, IPENZ, EUR-ACE and the Washington Accord members. In addition, many national governments are developing quality assurance processes that will require university programs to deliver an agreed set of learning outcomes. This paper addresses the development of a systematic, data-driven methodology to develop such learning outcomes.

Dragos, J, Wu, C & Lukaszewicz, M 1970, 'Dynamic response of UHPC members under internal and external blast loading', Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Shock and Impact Loads on Structures, International Conference on Shock and Impact Loads on Structures, CI-Premier Pte Ltd, Fukuoka, Japan, pp. 279-286.
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In this study, a finite difference procedure validated by blast testing data was used to analyze the dynamic response of a simply supported UHPC (Ultra-high performance concrete) slab under internal and external blast loads. With the validated finite difference model, an investigation was performed to characterize the structural response under confined blast loads including the effect of multiple pressure peaks. It was found that internal explosions cause more damage to structural members and different structural response patterns due to a longer loading, and hence larger impulse, when compared to an external explosion of the same explosive weight and stand-off distance. A pressure-time history consisting of multiple pressure peaks could be simplified to a single peak when the structural response time to maximum deflection is greater than three times the loading duration.

Durao, F, Bayyapu, K, Guandong Xu, Dolog, P & Lage, R 1970, 'Using Tag-Neighbors for Query Expansion in Medical Information Retrieval', 2011 International Conference on Information Science and Applications, 2011 International Conference on Information Science and Applications (ICISA 2011), IEEE, Jeju Island, South Korea, pp. 1-9.
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In the context of medical document retrieval, users often under-specified queries lead to undesired search results that suffer from not containing the information they seek, inadequate domain knowledge matches and unreliable sources. To overcome the limitations of under-specified queries, we utilize tags to enhance information retrieval capabilities by expanding users' original queries with context-relevant information. We compute a set of significant tag neighbor candidates based on the neighbor frequency and weight, and utilize the most frequent and weighted neighbors to expand an entry query that has terms matching tags. The proposed approach is evaluated using MedWorm medical article collection and standard evaluation methods from the text retrieval conference (TREC). We compared the baseline of 0.353 for Mean Average Precision (MAP), reaching a MAP 0.491 (+39%) with the query expansion. In-depth analysis shows how this strategy is beneficial when compared with different ranks of the retrieval results. © 2011 IEEE.

Dylan Dah-Chuan Lu & Wenfei Wang 1970, 'Bridgeless power factor correction circuits with voltage-doubler configuration', 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS 2011), IEEE, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 1037-1042.
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This paper presents a generalized approach to deriving single-phase power factor correction (PFC) circuits with bridgeless and voltage-doubler structures. The approach requires two dc/dc converters connected in a parallel-input series-output manner. Compared to conventional full-bridge diode rectified PFC circuit, which has two diodes along the input current path, the PFC circuits derived by this approach have one diode only, hence reducing the converter losses. Through the proposed approach, some recently reported bridgeless PFC circuits have been identified and new possible combinations can be generated. A design example of dual buck dc/dc converters operating in discontinuous-input- voltage mode (DIVM) is presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach. © 2011 IEEE.

Dyson, LE 1970, 'Does Going Mobile Always Make Learning Better?', ED-MEDIA 2011 Proceedings, EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology, ED-MEDIA, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 2957-2966.
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In order to understand what mobile learning (mLearning) can contribute to the educational experience and learning outcomes of university students, an examination is made of three mLearning applications - lecture podcasting, interactive classroom systems, and studentgenerated mLearning. These are analyzed in the light of pedagogic theory and compared to the traditional, didactic lecture and to typical implementations of eLearning. The application of concepts such as student-centred learning, active experiential learning, situated learning, learning conversations and the affordances offered by mobile devices reveal that mLearning can be fundamentally different from the forms of learning that preceded it. However, it is also noted that not all mLearning leads to better educational outcomes and that more emphasis needs to be placed on learner engagement and student-centred learning as fundamental concepts of any mLearning adoption.

Eastwood, M & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Model level combination of tree ensemble hyperboxes via GFMM', 2011 Eighth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD), 2011 Eighth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD 2011), IEEE, pp. 443-447.
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An ensemble of decision trees defines an overlapping set of hyperboxes. These hyperboxes in turn define a disjoint set of hyperboxes each with an associated vector of individual decisions. These vectors can be used to robustly label the hyperboxes by class, or to define soft labels. We sample from these hyperboxes and use them to build a single classifier within the General Fuzzy Min-Max (GFMM) framework that gains information from many different resamplings of the data through the ensemble from which it is built. This method is found to build robust GFMM models, with improved performance on most datasets compared to the basic GFMM. © 2011 IEEE.

Egan, M, Collings, IB, Ni, W & Sung, CK 1970, 'User Scheduling for the Broadcast Channel Using a Sum-Rate Threshold', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Kyoto, JAPAN, pp. 1-6.
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Eisman⁎, JA, Bliuc, D, Nguyen, ND, Nguyen, TV & Center, JR 1970, 'Anti-resorptive therapy for osteoporosis and reduced mortality risk in elderly women and men: From the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study', Bone, 3rd Joint Meeting of the European-Calcified-Tissue-Society/International-Bone-and-Mineral-Society, Elsevier BV, Athens, GREECE, pp. S75-S75.
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Eklund, JM, Catley, C, McGregor, C & James, A 1970, 'Detection of Apnoea in Newborn Infants using Impedance Respiratory Wave Data', Imaging and Signal Processing in Healthcare and Technology, Imaging and Signal Processing in Healthcare and Technology, ACTAPRESS, pp. 90-94.
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Apnoea is a serious condition that occurs frequently in prematurely born infants as well as other patients requiring critical care. At least while in the intensive care environment, these patients are provided with constant care assisted by modern medical monitoring systems. The systems record continuous data from each patient, however most of these data are not used except when a care provider observes the device directly, or when an alert - that is used to draw the attention of those same providers - is generated. This paper explores how these continuous data streams can be used in real-time to provide better alert mechanisms and diagnostics, with particular focus on the impedance respiratory waveform, a high rate physiological stream that measures the expansion and contraction of the patient's chest and is traditionally used to determine the respiratory rate. The direct use of this data stream is compared to the derived respiratory rate as a means to estimate the onset of a suspected case of apnoea.

Elson, KM, Tipper, JL, Kirkham, J, Hall, RM & Ingham, E 1970, 'In situ cell monitoring in organ culture', European Cells and Materials, p. 58.

Evans, R, Li, L, Mareels, I, Okello, N, Pham, M, Qiu, W & Saleem, SK 1970, 'Real-time Optimal Control of River Basin Networks', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, IFAC World Congress, Elsevier BV, Milano, Italy, pp. 11459-11464.
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River basins are key components of water supply grids. River basin operators must handle a complex set of objectives including runoff storage, flood control, supply for consumptive use, hydroelectric power generation, silting management, and maintenance of river basin ecology. At present, operators rely on a combination of simulation and optimization tools to help them make operational decisions. The complexity associated with this approach makes it suitable for long term planning but not daily or hourly operation. The consequence is that between longerterm optimized operation points, river basins are largely operated in open loop. This leads to operational inefficiencies most notably wasted water and poor ecological outcomes. This paper proposes a systematic approach using optimal control based on simple low order models for the real-time operation of entire river basin networks. © 2011 IFAC.

Fang, G, Dutkiewicz, E, Huq, MA, Vesilo, R & Yang, Y 1970, 'Medical Body Area Networks: Opportunities, challenges and practices', 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications & Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 562-567.
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Medical Body Area Network (MBAN) is a new wireless communications technology designed to sense human's vital signals through tiny nodes in, on and around the human body wirelessly. MBAN will play an important role in enabling ubiquitous and non-invasive telemetry and healthcare systems in the future. In this paper, we firstly explore the opportunities of MBAN from the point of new applications, and then we analyze the enabling technologies and challenges to achieve the goal of MBAN, which includes energy efficiency, robustness, high data rate for video support and network co-existence issues. Finally, we describe our MQWIN400 radio platform which was designed to work at 400MHz MICS band, as well as the related research activities and experimental results. © 2011 IEEE.

Far, H, Fatahi, B & Samali, B 1970, 'Effects of Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction on Performance Level of Moment Resisting Buildings Resting on Different Types of Soil', Proceedings of the 2011 Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering (PCEE), Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering (PCEE) - 'Building an Earthquake Resilient Society', New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering Inc., New Zealand, pp. 1-8.
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In this study, two structural models comprising five and fifteen storey moment resisting building frames are selected in conjunction with three different soil deposits with shear wave velocity less than 600m/s. The design sections are defined after applying dynamic nonlinear time history analysis based on inelastic design procedure using elastic-perfectly plastic behaviour of structural elements. These frames are modelled and analysed employing Finite Difference approach using FLAC 2D software under two different boundary conditions namely fixed-base (no soil-structure interaction), and considering soil-structure interaction. Fully nonlinear dynamic analyses under the influence of different earthquake records are conducted and the results of inelastic behaviour of the structural models are compared. The results indicate that the inter-storey drifts of the structural models resting on soil types De and Ee (according to the Australian standard) substantially increase when soil-structure interaction is considered for the above mentioned soil types. Performance levels of the structures change from life safe to near collapse when dynamic soil-structure interaction is incorporated. Therefore, the conventional inelastic design procedure excluding SSI is no longer adequate to guarantee the structural safety for the building frames resting on soft soil deposits.

Fatahi, B & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'Enhancement of Ballasted Rail Track Performance Using Geosynthetics', Advances in Pile Foundations, Geosynthetics, Geoinvestigations, and Foundation Failure Analysis and Repairs, GeoHunan International Conference 2011, American Society of Civil Engineers, Hunan, China, pp. 222-230.
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The requirement of keeping a competitive edge against other means of transportation has increased the pressure on the railway industry to improve its efficiency and decrease the maintenance costs. In this paper, several solutions are presented to improve rail track foundations including optimum particle ballast grading and confining pressure as well as stabilising tracks overlying soft soils employing different techniques. This study specifically assesses the influence of shoulder ballast and its combination with geosynthetics to reduce the track settlement due to train load. Two dimensional plane strain finite element model is adopted to simulate the track deformation. Furthermore, the potential use of geosynthetics combined with recycled and blended ballast for reduction of rail displacement is addressed. The different location of geosynthetics in rail track substructure is examined. Rail track performance can be improved by including wider shoulder ballast with geosynthetic layer, and recycled and blended ballast reinforced with geosynthetics can be used during maintenance operation to curtail future track deformation. © 2011 ASCE.

Fatahi, B, Tabatabaiefar, HR & Samali, B 1970, 'Performance Based Assessment of Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction Effects on Seismic Response of Building Frames', GeoRisk 2011, Georisk 2011, American Society of Civil Engineers, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, pp. 344-351.
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Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) has progressed rapidly in the second half of 20th century stimulated mainly by requirements of the nuclear power and offshore industries to improve the seismic safety. In this study, a fifteen storey moment resisting building frame is selected in conjunction with three different soil deposits with shear wave velocity less than 600m/s. The design sections are defined after applying dynamic nonlinear time history analysis based on inelastic design procedure using elastic-perfectly plastic behaviour of structural elements. These frames are modelled and analysed employing Finite Difference approach using FLAC 2D software under two different boundary conditions, namely fixed-base (no soil-structure interaction), and considering soil-structure interaction. Fully nonlinear dynamic analyses under the influence of different earthquake records are conducted and the results of inelastic behaviour of the structural model are compared. Variations of the shear modulus ratio with the shear strain are included in the nonlinear dynamic analysis. The results indicate that the inter-storey drifts of the structural model resting on soil types De and Ee (according to the Australian standard) substantially increase when soil-structure interaction is considered for the above mentioned soil types. Performance levels of the structures change from life safe to near collapse when dynamic soil-structure interaction is incorporated. Therefore, the conventional inelastic design procedure excluding SSI is no longer adequate to guarantee the structural safety for the building frames resting on soft soil deposits. Design engineers need to address the effects of dynamic SSI precisely in their design especially for construction projects on soft soils.

Feng, P, Ding, Y, Liu, B, Wu, J, Gui, L & Zhou, H 1970, 'A QoS constrained cognitive routing algorithm for ad hoc networks based on directional antenna', 2011 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP), Signal Processing (WCSP 2011), IEEE, pp. 1-5.
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Communication and networking with directional antenna are widely used recently. In this paper, for the communication scenarios based on the directional antenna, we design a cognitive retransmission mechanism. The mechanism can increase the probability of successful retransmission on one hand, on the other hand, it can dramatically reduce the route discovery time in ad hoc networks. For factual applications, we propose a QoS constrained cognitive routing algorithm named as QoS-CRA for wireless ad hoc networks. This algorithm adopts the strategy of initiating the route discovery by the source node, but making decision to choose the best route by the destination node. The simulation results demonstrate that the cognitive retransmit strategy is far more efficient than the traditional one and different QoS parameters in our algorithm can meet different application requirements. © 2011 IEEE.

Feng, Y, Duan, R & Ying, M 1970, 'Bisimulation for Quantum Processes', ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES, ACM-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, ACM, Austin, Texas, USA, pp. 523-534.
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Quantum cryptographic systems have been commercially available, with a striking advantage over classical systems that their security and ability to detect the presence of eavesdropping are provable based on the principles of quantum mechanics. On the other hand, quantum protocol designers may commit much more faults than classical protocol designers since human intuition is much better adapted to the classical world than the quantum world. To offer formal techniques for modeling and verification of quantum protocols, several quantum extensions of process algebra have been proposed. One of the most serious issues in quantum process algebra is to discover a quantum generalization of the notion of bisimulation, which lies in a central position in process algebra, preserved by parallel composition in the presence of quantum entanglement, which has no counterpart in classical computation. Quite a few versions of bisimulation have been defined for quantum processes in the literature, but in the best case they are only proved to be preserved by parallel composition of purely quantum processes where no classical communications are involved. Many quantum cryptographic protocols, however, employ the LOCC (Local Operations and Classical Communications) scheme, where classical communications must be explicitly specified. So, a notion of bisimulation preserved by parallel composition in the circumstance of both classical and quantum communications is crucial for process algebra approach to verification of quantum cryptographic protocols. In this paper we introduce a novel notion of bisimulation for quantum processes and prove that it is congruent with respect to various process algebra combinators including parallel composition even when both classical and quantum communications are present.We also establish some basic algebraic laws for this bisimulation.

Feng, Y, Duan, R, Ying, M & ACM 1970, 'Bisimulation for Quantum Processes', POPL 11: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 38TH ANNUAL ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT SYMPOSIUM ON PRINCIPLES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, 38th Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY, Austin, TX, pp. 523-534.
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Fernandez, L, Salinas, GF, Rocha, C, Carvalho, C, Yeremenko, N, Medema, JP, Combe, B, Baeten, D, Morel, J & Hahne, M 1970, 'The TNF-ligand APRIL can control CIA by regulating antibody-production and stimulating anti-inflammatory IL-10 producing B cells', Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, Elsevier BV, pp. A58-A58.
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Fernandez-Llatas, C, Ibañez, G, Sala, P, Pileggi, SF & Naranjo, JC 1970, 'Mobile cloud computing architecture for ubiquitous empowering of people with disabilities', Icsoft 2011 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Software and Database Technologies, 6th International Conference on Software and Database Technologies (ICSOFT 2011), INSTICC-INST SYST TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION CONTROL & COMMUNICATION, Unov Seville, Seville, SPAIN, pp. 377-382.
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Information and Communication Technologies are more and more present in the modern society. The penetration of personal devices in worldwide citizens is daily increasing. In addition, the accessibility of those devices is being more and more improved in order to profit the technology advances to help people with disabilities in daily life. Nevertheless, the processing capabilities of those personal devices are not enough to cover the need of intelligence for holistic assistive technologies. This addressesinnovative approaches in which remote resources can be remotely accessed and consumed by mobile devices. In this paper, a cloud-based architecture is presented. The CORE infrastructure provides an intelligent and pervasive environment composed of remote services to assistive applications.

Fernandez-Llatas, C, Mocholi, JB, Sala, P, Naranjo, JC, Pileggi, SF, Guillen, S & Traver, V 1970, 'Ambient assisted living spaces validation by services and devices simulation', 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, MA, pp. 1785-1788.
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Fernandez-Llatas, C, Pileggi, SF, Traver, V & Benedi, JM 1970, 'Timed Parallel Automaton: A Mathematical Tool for Defining Highly Expressive Formal Workflows', 2011 Fifth Asia Modelling Symposium, 2011 5th Asia Modelling Symposium (AMS 2011), IEEE, pp. 56-61.
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The definition and simulation of processes using Work flow technology is becoming more and more popular. In that way, to standardize and simulate complex processes it is needed high expressive languages able to be automatically executed by computers. Currently, high expressive languages that can be used for simulation and definition of processes are based in Petri Nets technology. Nevertheless, Petri Nets are difficult to understand by processes experts with no computer science training or expertise and are more complex to be executed than other simpler approaches like finite automatons. In this paper an automata based mathematical tool with a high expressivity capacity is presented. This framework is easier to understand also by non computer science expert sand its automation is simple in order to allow to experts to define formal work flows that can be easily automated. © 2011 IEEE.

Feuerlicht, G 1970, 'Simple Metric for Assessing Quality of Service Design', Service-Oriented Computing: Simple Metric for Assessing Quality of Service Design, International Conference on Service Oriented Computing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 133-143.
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Service Design Metrics Service Coupling Service Cohesion SOA

Feuerlicht, G & Burkon, L 1970, 'Towards a Unified Service Definition', Information Systems Development - Business Systems and Services: Modeling and Development, Springer New York, pp. 219-230.
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Services play an increasingly important role in most industry sectors, including IT. Recent emergence of Cloud Computing and the general acceptance of different forms of outsourcing as a mechanism for increasing effectiveness of organizations necessitate a revision of basic SOA concepts to take account of extensive use of externally provided services. A key pre-requisite for this revised SOA architectural framework is the unification of service definitions so that different types of services can be treated in a consistent manner. The unified service definition needs to contain attributes of internally and externally provided services as well as attributes of business and IT services and be customizable to allow its application in different usage scenarios. In this paper we discuss the concept of a service as interpreted in both business and computing literature and propose a concise service definition based on a set of attributes that can be specialized for a particular service delivery scenario. We illustrate using a simple example how such service definition can be used to construct instances of services. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011.

Fitz-Walter, Z, Tjondronegoro, D & Wyeth, P 1970, 'Orientation Passport', Proceedings of the 23rd Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OzCHI '11: The Annual Meeting of the Australian Special Interest Group for Computer Human Interaction, ACM, pp. 122-125.
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Forsythe, PJ, Jupp, JR & Sawhney, A 1970, 'BIM in Tertiary Construction Project Management Education: A Program Wide Strategy', 36th Annual Conference for Australasian University Building Educators Association, Australian Universities Building Education Association Annual Conference, Institute of Sustainable Development & Architecture, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 192-211.
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This paper reports on the ongoing research and development of teaching and learning supported by Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the undergraduate Construction Project Management (CPM) Program at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS). At its heart, BIM is used to facilitate a more integrated and visual mode of teaching. It provides a new basis for developing problem based learning - one that has the potential to allow students to aggregate their learning around a central project whilst allowing problems to be scaled at different levels of complexity. This approach aims to better integrate and link individual subjects together as well as improve the development of core student attributes such as communication, understanding, decision making, collaboration and information gathering skills; very much mimicking the ongoing BIM driven transformation happening in the industry. The BIM models aim to be regularly used in various formats as students progress through their undergraduate degree Program - and we adopt the term 'vertical problems' to capture the way BIM models and problem based learning can be utilised throughout the Program. Here, lecturers are able to author 'sub- plots' that utilise BIM models in a way that best suits their specific subjects, e.g. cost, time, quality, sustainability subject areas. To this end, the paper reports on findings from the research, development and early implementation stages of a program wide teaching and learning proposition supported by BIM. This includes a typology that helps target varying degrees of BIM utilization and diffusion in given subjects and transitional requirements for both staff and students.

Fu, Y, Li, B, Zhu, X & Zhang, C 1970, 'Do they belong to the same class', Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management, CIKM '11: International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM, Glasgow, Scotland, pp. 2161-2164.
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Traditional active learning methods request experts to provide ground truths to the queried instances, which can be expensive in practice. An alternative solution is to ask nonexpert labelers to do such labeling work, which can not tell the definite class labels. In this paper, we propose a new active learning paradigm, in which a nonexpert labeler is only asked "whether a pair of instances belong to the same class". To instantiate the proposed paradigm, we adopt the MinCut algorithm as the base classifier. We first construct a graph based on the pairwise distance of all the labeled and unlabeled instances and then repeatedly update the unlabeled edge weights on the max-flow paths in the graph. Finally, we select an unlabeled subset of nodes with the highest prediction confidence as the labeled data, which are included into the labeled data set to learn a new classifier for the next round of active learning. The experimental results and comparisons, with state-of-the-art methods, demonstrate that our active learning paradigm can result in good performance with nonexpert labelers

Fukumoto, T, Thomas, P, Stuart, BH, Adam, G, Simon, P, Shimmon, R & Guerbois, JL 1970, 'Kinetic and mechanistic analysis of the polymerisation of dimethylol urea', Proceedings of the 3rd Joint Czech-Hungarian-Polish-Slovak Thermoanalytical Conference, Slovak Chemical Society, Stara Lesna, pp. 1-5.

Furqan, F & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Analysis of Parameters Contributing Performance and Coverage of Mobile WiMAX with Mix Traffic', 2011 12th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, 2011 12th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Applications and Technologies (PDCAT), IEEE, Gwangju, China, pp. 313-318.
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With high data rate and mobility support wireless networks are becoming an essential access component and an integral part of the ubiquitous Internet. As the provision of wireless networks is cost effective, they are being adopted for broadband access in rural areas (e.g., the Australian National Broadband Network). In this paper we present a comprehensive study of the parameters that effect both the capacity and coverage of IEEE 802.16e WiMAX which will serve as a basis for designing an effective access network including network dimensioning and provisioning QoS for dynamic and mixed distribution of services. In particular, the effect of physical and MAC layer overhead is considered for capacity evaluation with a simple scheduler. The paper also discusses the usage of compressed MAPs with SUB-DL-UL-MAP to reduce overheads and increase network capacity. Different scenarios are presented to evaluate the effect of standard and compressed overhead on capacity and coverage

Furukawa, T, Tong, X, Dissanayake, G & Durrant-Whyte, HF 1970, 'Parallel grid-based method and belief fusion &#x2014; Real-time cooperative non-Gaussian estimation', 2011 6th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, 2011 IEEE 6th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS), IEEE, Kandy, Sri Lanka, pp. 370-375.
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This paper presents a parallel grid-based method and belief fusion for real-time cooperative Bayesian estimation. The grid-based recursive Bayesian estimation (RBE) method effectively maintains the belief of objects even with no detection event but requires large computation for its prediction and correction processes as well as fusion process in cooperative estimation. In order for real-time estimation, the belief fusion proposed in the paper carries out the fusion of belief outside the RBE loop. The parallelization of the entire grid-based method and belief fusion further accelerates the RBE so that real-time estimation is possible even in highly dynamical environments. Numerical examples have first demonstrated the validity of the proposed approach through parametric studies. The proposed approach was then applied to the cooperative search by autonomous unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs), and its real-time capability has been demonstrated. © 2011 IEEE.

Gallego-Ortega, D, Gómez del Pulgar, T, Valdés-Mora, F, Cebrián, A & Lacal, JC 1970, 'Involvement of human choline kinase alpha and beta in carcinogenesis: A different role in lipid metabolism and biological functions', Advances in Enzyme Regulation, 51st International Symposium on Regulations of Enzyme Activity and Synthesis in Normal and Neoplastic Tissues, Elsevier BV, Univ Bologna, Bologna, ITALY, pp. 183-194.
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Gan, SK & Sukkarieh, S 1970, 'Multi-UAV Target Search using Explicit Decentralized Gradient-Based Negotiation', 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), IEEE, PEOPLES R CHINA, Shanghai.

Gao, S, Chia, L-T & Tsang, IW-H 1970, 'Multi-layer group sparse coding &#x2014; For concurrent image classification and annotation', CVPR 2011, 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE, Colorado Springs, CO, USA, USA, pp. 2809-2816.
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We present a multi-layer group sparse coding framework for concurrent image classification and annotation. By leveraging the dependency between image class label and tags, we introduce a multi-layer group sparse structure of the reconstruction coefficients. Such structure fully encodes the mutual dependency between the class label, which describes the image content as a whole, and tags, which describe the components of the image content. Then we propose a multi-layer group based tag propagation method, which combines the class label and subgroups of instances with similar tag distribution to annotate test images. Moreover, we extend our multi-layer group sparse coding in the Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) which captures the nonlinearity of features, and further improves performances of image classification and annotation. Experimental results on the LabelMe, UIUC-Sport and NUS-WIDE-Object databases show that our method outperforms the baseline methods, and achieves excellent performances in both image classification and annotation tasks. © 2011 IEEE.

Garcia, J, Navarro, KF & Lawrence, E 1970, 'Serious games to improve the physical health of the elderly: A categorization scheme', International Conference on Advances in Human-oriented and Personalized Mechanisms, Technologies, and Services. Barcelona, Spain, International Conference on Advances in Human-oriented and Personalized Mechanisms, Technologies, and Services, IARIA, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 64-71.
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this paper aims to provide a snapshot of the current status in the field of serious games for improving the physical health of the elderly. This work covers recent research projects for stroke rehabilitation and for falls prevention where user-center design methodologies were applied in order to satisfy this audience. A classification of the most relevant work in this area is provided along with a brief description of the platform, technology required and user-center design principles applied.

Gardner, A & Willey, K 1970, 'Peer feedback - What are students telling each other?', SEFI Annual Conference 2011, SEFI - Annual Conference of European Society for Engineering Education, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 437-444.
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Accreditation bodies in various countries, universities and industry call for engineering students to develop professional skills associated with working in a group. We questioned whether students value the same skills and attributes in each other when working in a group. This paper reports on the analysis of the text of peer feedback comments provided by students in courses at two stages (second year and fourth year) of a four year undergraduate engineering degree program. Analysis of the peer feedback is based on the framework used by Miller [10] and investigates the amount of feedback provided, the type of feedback (ie whether it is positive, negative or neutral), the topic of the feedback and whether it could be classed as specific, since this is one of the identified characteristics of 'good' feedback. The topics covered by the feedback were determined by first coding the comments into themes and then grouping related themes into a category, rather than grouping the data into pre-determined categories. This process resulted in the following six categories: general evaluation, team attributes, generic professional skills, subject knowledge, ideas and problem solving, and reliability. While the feedback comments provided by students to each other covered a range of issues, the topics most commented on include: team related attributes such as whether the peer was helpful, made an effort and participated in group activities; generic professional skills such as communication, leadership and time management; and reliability including timeliness of peer submissions, and the value of the peer's contribution to completing the task. These characteristics align strongly with what employers are looking for in engineering graduates, and what accreditation bodies list as essential competencies of a graduate engineer, showing that students themselves recognise the value of these skills when they have to work with others.

Gay, V & Leijdekkers, P 1970, 'The Good, The Bad and the Ugly about Social Networks for Health Apps.', EUC, IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, IEEE Computer Society, Melbourne Australia, pp. 463-468.
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Mobile devices are blending into our lives and change the way we manage our social life but also how we look after our health. Hundreds of health apps are available for mobile devices and many use social network functionalities that allow users to exchange personal experiences and discuss their health with others. This has many positive results but also negative side effects. This paper discusses the good, the bad and the ugly about social network integration with mobile health applications. It is based on a comprehensive review of literature, social networking health forums, surveys, and our own experience with health apps for mobile devices.

Geng, XY, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 1970, 'Consolidation of Ground with Partially Penetrated PVDs Combined with Vacuum Preloading', Geo-Frontiers 2011, Geo-Frontiers Congress 2011, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 567-575.
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Partially penetrating prefabricated vertical drain (PVDs) with a combined surcharge and vacuum preloading are considered in this paper. The analysis results can be used in cases where the soft soil clay is too deep and not economical to be penetrated to full depth, or the surcharge preloading is too small to justify full penetration of soft clay layer or the vacuum pressure can be lost, which is caused by the permeability of the bottom of the clay for the fully penetrated drain etc. In this model, a virtual vertical drain is assumed to reflect the real three-dimensional seepage in the soil beneath the tip of PVD instead of using the traditional one-dimensional consolidation theory, and at the same time, the well-resistance and the smear zone can be also considered. The vacuum pressure distribution is assumed to be no loss along the drain, whereas a zero pore pressure boundary condition is assumed at the interface between the bottom clay layer and the lower drainage layer. The proposed solutions are then employed to analyze a case history. © ASCE 2011.

Gentile, C, Muise‐Helmericks, RC & Drake, CJ 1970, 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/Akt‐mediated endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Phosphorylation Regulates Endothelial Cell Division', The FASEB Journal, Wiley.
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Gervasi, V & Zowghi, D 1970, 'Mining Requirements Links', REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING: FOUNDATION FOR SOFTWARE QUALITY, International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, Springer Verlag, Essen, Germany, pp. 196-+.
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[Context & motivation] Obtaining traceability among requirements and between requirements and other artifacts is an extremely important activity in practice, an interesting area for theoretical study, and a major hurdle in common industrial experience. Substantial effort is spent on establishing and updating such links in any large project, even more so when requirements refer to a product family. [Question/problem]. While most research is concerned with ways to reduce the effort needed to establish and maintain traceability links, a different question can also be asked: how is it possible to harness the vast amount of implicit (and tacit) knowledge embedded in already-established links? Is there something to be learned about a specific problem or domain, or about the humans who establish traces, by studying such traces?

Ghaffar, ARA, Beydoun, G, Shen, J & Tibben, W 1970, 'Towards Knowledge Management in Sports Event Management - Context Analysis of Malaysian Biannual Games with CommonKADS.', ICSOFT (2), International Conference on Software and Data Technologies, SciTePress, Seville, Spain, pp. 377-383.
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Context Analysis (CA) is typically used as an early phase preceding the development of a knowledge-based systems in order to indicate how the system should interact with its environment and the various stakeholders. We undertake a detailed context analysis of business processes of the Malaysian Games (MG) to highlight blind spots of the process and enable the identification of an initial sports event knowledge management (KM) framework. Firstly, our CommonKADS driven analysis highlights how we can improve the business process and enable the organization to develop, distribute and apply its knowledge resources effectively. Secondly, the paper highlights specific features about the domain of sports events management and accordingly presents a set of recommendations to extend the CA of CommonKADS to improve its applicability to Sports Events Management in general.

Ghous, H, Ho, N, Catchpoole, DR & Kennedy, PJ 1970, 'Comparing functional visualizations of genes', The 5th International Workshop on Data Mining in Functional Genomics and Proteomics: Current Trends and Future Directions, International Workshop on Data Mining in Functional Genomics and Proteomics: Current Trends and Future Directions, European Conference on Machine Learning, Athens, Greece, pp. 12-21.

Gill, AQ, Bunker, D & Seltsikas, P 1970, 'An Empirical Analysis of Cloud, Mobile, Social and Green Computing: Financial Services IT Strategy and Enterprise Architecture.', DASC, International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, IEEE Computer Society, Sydney, pp. 697-704.
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Financial services organisations have shown a significant interest in the adoption of emerging cloud, mobile, social networks and green computing environments for managing the needs of their complex business processes and systems. How will these emerging technologies affect and be embraced by financial services organizations in practice? This paper presents empirical exploratory research on the applicability of emerging cloud, mobile, social and green technologies in these organizations. We investigate how these emerging technologies will affect the IT strategy and enterprise architecture of the financial services organisations by analyzing recent interviews of fifteen senior technology executives and CIOs from this sector. The outcomes of this study suggest that the sector perceives these emerging technologies both as a challenge and opportunity for their businesses. In order to meet their business objectives they do, however, require a phased, systematic, people-oriented, business-focused and low risk approach that combines both business and technology impacts to the assessment, selection, consolidation and adoption of these technologies for specific business services without putting their customers' information at risk. © 2011 IEEE.

Gluga, R, Kay, J, Lever, T & Lister, R 1970, 'An architecture for systematic tracking of skill and competence level progression in Computer Science', 2nd Annual International Conferences on Computer Science Education: Innovation and Technology (CSEIT 2011), Annual International Conferences on Computer Science Education: Innovation and Technology, Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), Singapore, pp. 65-69.
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A typical Computer Science degree is three to five years long, consists of four to six subjects per semester, and two semesters per year. A student enrolled in such a degree is expected to learn both discipline-specific skills and transferable generic skills. These skills are to be taught in a progressive sequence through the duration of the degree. As the student progresses through the subjects and semesters of a degree, his skill portfolio and competence level for each skill is expected to grow. Effectively modeling these curriculum skills, mapping them to assessment tasks across subjects of a degree, and measuring the progression in learner competence level is, largely, still an unsolved problem. Previous work at this scale is limited. This systematic tracking of skills and competence is crucial for effective quality control and optimization of degree structures. Our main contribution is an architecture for a curriculum information management system to facilitate this systematic tracking of skill and competence level progression in a Computer Science context.

Gmel, G, Hamilton, TJ, Leblebici, Y & van Schaik, A 1970, 'A silicon model of the inner hair cell', 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), IEEE, pp. 91-96.
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In this paper we present an electrical model of the inner hair cell based on an improved mathematical model. The model is implemented in silicon in the current domain using translinear circuits. It improves on previous models by taking into consideration the potassium and calcium ion flow into and out of the inner hair cell, yielding a more accurate real-time model of the auditory pathway. © 2011 IEEE.

Goldys, EM, Deng, W, Calander, NP, Drozdowicz-Tomsia, K & Jin, D 1970, 'Nanoscale plasmonic resonators with high Purcell factor: spontaneous and stimulated emission', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE BiOS, SPIE, USA, pp. 79090H-79090H.
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Plasmonic nanoparticles with silver cores and silica shells containing Eu fluorophores near the surface have been produced by wet chemistry method and their spontaneous emission properties characterized. Fluorescence amplification and decreased lifetime is interpreted within the Purcell framework which highlights the role of surface plasmon polariton modes of the nanoparticle. These behave as energy-storing resonators, with values of the Q factor between 50 and 170 at the fluorophore wavelength of 615 nm, and very small mode volumes, in the order of 104 nm3, producing high Purcell factors of over 4000. Comparison of experiment with theoretical calculations by using the Mie theory shows that the values of cavity Q factors are moderated by the nonradiative rate of fluorophore molecules close to metal. The criteria for laser action in such composite nanoparticles are also presented, including lasing frequencies and threshold gain. © 2011 SPIE.

Gong, L, Gui, L, Liu, B, Rong, B, Xu, Y, Wu, Y & Zhang, W 1970, 'Selective bit mapping for Chinese DTMB LDPC coded QAM modulation scheme', 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), IEEE, pp. 1-6.
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In this paper, we introduce selective-bit mapping to improve the performance of the LDPC coded QAM modulation scheme for Chinese Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTMB) system. The threshold of message-passing decoding can be lowered by matching the binary components of LDPC codeword to the positions in the m-tuples to be mapped into 2 mQAM symbols. By our approach, the pattern of mapping is described by bit-mapping polynomials, based on which density evolution using Gaussian approximation can be applied. We optimize the bit mapping polynomials for the LDPC codes of the Chinese DTMB standard. Numerical results illustrate that by the proposed approach the decoding threshold can be lowered by 0.05dB to 0.499dB by different combinations of code rate and order of QAM modulations. Simulation results show that the actual BER improvement varies from 0.09dB to 0.6dB in single-carrier and OFDM modes. © 2011 IEEE.

Gong, L, Liu, B, Xu, Y, Rong, B, Wu, Y, Gagnon, G, Gui, L & Zhang, W 1970, 'Multi-rate LDPC codes for DTV transmission by known-bits padding', 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), IEEE, pp. 1-6.
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Modern DTV broadcasting systems, such as DVB and the Chinese DTMB system, usually have multiple code rates for forward error correction to accommodate a variety of channel conditions. In these systems, each code rate corresponds to a special set of code words, which put a limit on rate granularity and thus cannot achieve seamless code rate adaptation. To solve this problem, we propose a known-bits padding scheme to generate multi-code-rate LDPC codes of arbitrary granularity. In our scheme, we take a standardized LDPC code of specific rate as mother code, then pad known-bits according to the targeted code rate and given shortening optimization algorithm. Simulation study shows that our proposed scheme can obtain satisfying performance in terms of code rate flexibility and decoding threshold. © 2011 IEEE.

Gough, CS, Wajayathunga, VN, Tipper, JL, Wilcox, RK, Hall, RM & Ingham, E 1970, 'The biology of the ovine functional spinal unit', European Cells and Materials, p. 67.

Grassman, TJ, Carlin, AM, Swaminathan, K, Ratcliff, C, Grandal, J, Yang, L, Mills, MJ & Ringel, SA 1970, 'Expanding the palette: Metamorphic strategies over multiple lattice constant ranges for extending the spectrum of accessible photovoltaic materials', 2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), IEEE, pp. 003375-003380.
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Gregory, B, Gregory, S, Wood, D, Masters, Y, Hillier, M, Stokes-Thompson, F, Bogdanovych, A, Butler, D, Hay, L, Jegathesan, JJ, Flintoff, K, Schutt, S, Linegar, D, Alderton, R, Cram, A, Stupans, I, Orwin, LMK, Meredith, G, Mccormick, D, Collins, F, Grenfell, J, Zagami, J, Ellis, A, Jacka, L, Campbell, J, Larson, I, Fluck, A, Thomas, A, Farley, H, Muldoon, N, Abbas, A, Sinnappan, S, Neville, K, Burnett, I, Aitken, A, Simoff, S, Scutter, S, Wang, X, Souter, K, Ellis, D, Salomon, M, Wadley, G, Jacobson, M, Newstead, A, Hayes, G, Grant, S & Yusupova, A 1970, 'How are Australian higher education institutions contributing to change through innovative teaching and learning in virtual worlds?', ASCILITE 2011 - The Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, pp. 475-490.
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Over the past decade, teaching and learning in virtual worlds has been at the forefront of many higher education institutions around the world. The DEHub Virtual Worlds Working Group (VWWG) consisting of Australian and New Zealand higher education academics was formed in 2009. These educators are investigating the role that virtual worlds play in the future of education and actively changing the direction of their own teaching practice and curricula. 47 academics reporting on 28 Australian higher education institutions present an overview of how they have changed directions through the effective use of virtual worlds for diverse teaching and learning activities such as business scenarios and virtual excursions, role-play simulations, experimentation and language development. The case studies offer insights into the ways in which institutions are continuing to change directions in their teaching to meet changing demands for innovative teaching, learning and research in virtual worlds. This paper highlights the ways in which the authors are using virtual worlds to create opportunities for rich, immersive and authentic activities that would be difficult or not possible to achieve through more traditional approaches. © 2011 Brent Gregory, Sue Gregory, Denise Wood, Yvonne Masters, Mathew Hillier, Frederick Stokes-Thompson, Anton Bogdanovych, Des Butler, Lyn Hay, Jay Jay Jegathesan, Kim Flintoff, Stefan Schutt,Dale Linegar, Robyn Alderton, Andrew Cram, Ieva Stupans, Lindy McKeown Orwin, Grant Meredith, Debbie McCormick, Francesca Collins, Jenny Grenfell, Jason Zagami, Allan Ellis, Lisa Jacka, Angela Thomas, Helen Farley, Nona Muldoon, Ali Abbas, Suku Sinnappan, Katrina Neville, Ian Burnett, Ashley Aitken, Simeon Simoff, Sheila Scutter, Xiangyu Wang, Kay Souter, David Ellis, Mandy Salomon, Greg Wadley, Michael Jacobson, Anne Newstead, Gary Hayes, Scott Grant, Alyona Yusupova.

Guo, T, Li, Z, Guo, R & Zhu, X 1970, 'Large scale diagnosis using associations between system outputs and components', Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI, San Francisco, USA, pp. 1786-1787.
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Model-based diagnosis (MBD) uses an abstraction of system to diagnose possible faulty functions of an underlying system. To improve the solution efficiency for multi-fault diagnosis problems, especially for large scale systems, this paper proposes a method to induce reasonable diagnosis solutions, under coarse diagnosis, by using the relationships between system outputs and components. Compared to existing diagnosis methods, the proposed framework only needs to consider associations between outputs and components by using an assumption-based truth maintenance system (ATMS) [de Kleer 1986] to obtain correlation components for every output node. As a result, our method significantly reduces the number of variables required for model diagnosis, which makes it suitable for large scale circuit systems. Copyright © 2011, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.

Guo, T, Li, Z, Guo, R & Zhu, X 1970, 'Large Scale Diagnosis Using Associations between System Outputs and Components', Proceedings of the 25th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2011, pp. 1786-1787.
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Model-based diagnosis (MBD) uses an abstraction of system to diagnose possible faulty functions of an underlying system. To improve the solution efficiency for multi-fault diagnosis problems, especially for large scale systems, this paper proposes a method to induce reasonable diagnosis solutions, under coarse diagnosis, by using the relationships between system outputs and components. Compared to existing diagnosis methods, the proposed framework only needs to consider associations between outputs and components by using an assumption-based truth maintenance system (ATMS) [de Kleer 1986] to obtain correlation components for every output node. As a result, our method significantly reduces the number of variables required for model diagnosis, which makes it suitable for large scale circuit systems.

Guo, W 1970, 'Impact assessment of extra discharges of organics and nutrients into aquatic systems by entropy calculation', CESE 2011, The Fourth Annual Conference on the Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering, CESE Conference Committee, Tainan City, Taiwan, pp. 13-94.

Guo, W 1970, 'Optimisation of an integrate sponge - granular activated carbon fluidized bed bioreactor in secondary sewage treatment', CESE 2011, The Fourth Annual Conference on the Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering, CESE Conference Committee, Tainan City, Taiwan, pp. 75-76.

Guo, W 1970, 'Risk control and environment based assessment of recycled water schemes in australia', CESE 2011, The Fourth Annual Conference on the Challenges in Environmental Science adn Engineering, CESE Conference Committee, Tainan, Taiwan, pp. 4-85.

Hadi, SJ, Althwaynee, OF, Shafri, HZM & Pradhan, B 1970, 'The use of GPS in mitigating and managing landslides', Proceedings of 10th International Symposium & Exhibition on Geoinformation (ISG 2011) & ISPRS Commission II/5 & II/7 Conference, Malaysia.

Haibo Zhou, Bo Liu, Lin Gui, Xinbing Wang & Ying Li 1970, 'Fast Spectrum Sharing for Cognitive Radio Networks: A Joint Time-Spectrum Perspective', 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011, 2011 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2011), IEEE, Houston, TX, pp. 1-5.
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Hamedanimojarrad, P, Adam, G, Ray, AS, Vessalas, K & Thomas, PS 1970, 'Development of shrinkage resistant cement-based materials using fibers', ISEC 2011 - 6th International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference: Modern Methods and Advances in Structural Engineering and Construction, International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference, Research Publishing, Zurich, Switzerland, pp. 1193-1198.
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Drying shrinkage is themajor contributor to volume changes in normal strength concrete. Several classes of shrinkage compensating admixtures are known to the concrete industry. This study deals with the literature review and categorization of different classes of shrinkage reducing fibers, especially polyethylene fibers, with the objective of introducing new types of shrinkage reducing fiber. In this investigation a special type of hydrophobic polyethylene minifibers has been used in different dosages in mortar samples. The experimental results on drying shrinkage aswellasonseveralotherpropertiesarereported.Thehydrophobicminifibersshowedremarkable improvement in shrinkage reduction even at very lowconcentrations (0.1%of cementweight).

Hamedanimojarrad, P, Adam, G, Ray, SA, Vessalas, K & Thomas, SP 1970, 'Development of Shrinkage Resistant Cement-based Materials Using Fibers', Modern Methods and Advances in Structural Engineering and Construction(ISEC-6), Modern Methods and Advances in Structural Engineering and Construction, Research Publishing Services, pp. 1193-1198.
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Hamedanimojarrad, P, Ray, AS, Adam, G, Thomas, P & Vessalas, K 1970, 'Evaluation of a hybrid system of admixture and fibre for development of shrinkage resistant cement-based material', 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete - Design, Verification & Utilization - Proceedings (TR48), International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, New Zealand Concrete Society (NZCS), Rotorua, NZ, pp. 1-8.
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Shrinkage is a crucial feature in concrete and mortar members as it results in volume change that can lead to cracking and consequently to serviceability problems. Different additives and methods have been proposed to compensate for this problem mainly through the use of shrinkage reducing admixtures, fibres and expansive agents. In this paper, several combination systems of polyethylene micro-fibre along with an inorganic expansive agent have been studied for their influence on drying shrinkage. This special type of fibre, reported to act as shrinkage reducer, had been used in different concentrations in mortars and had been shown to have advantages and disadvantages. On the other hand, expansive agent, ammonium polyphosphate, had been shown to reduce drying shrinkage and modify most of mechanical properties. Free shrinkage strains as well as some physical properties of new mixes which contain polyphosphate and polyethylene micro-fibre are reported in this study. Several combinations were used and have been shown to have promising results in drying shrinkage, physical and mechanical properties.

Hamilton, M, Salim, F, Cheng, E & Choy, SL 1970, 'Transafe: a crowdsourced mobile platform for crime and safety perception management', 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS), 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS), IEEE, pp. 1-6.
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© 2011 IEEE. This paper describes a proposed mobile platform, Transafe, that captures and analyses public perceptions of safety to deliver 'crowdsourced' collective intelligence about places in the City of Melbourne, Australia, and their affective states at various times of the day. Public perceptions of crime on public transport in Melbourne are often mismatched with actual crime statistics and such perceptions thus can act as social barriers to visitors and locals traversing within and through the city. Using interactive mobile applications and social media, the visualization of this crowdsourced safety perception information will increase the commuter's awareness of various situations in the City of Melbourne. In addition, through social behavioral analysis and ethnographic research, the collective public intelligence will also help inform the stakeholders of the city for future policy-making and policing strategies for safety perception management. At the centre of the proposed platform is the design and development of a mobile phone application that can contribute to people feeling safer by supporting users to report crimes and misdemeanors that they witness, and provide information about transportation and emergency services around where the users are located. The proposed application can also act as a crime deterrent with one feature that enables user tracking by up to three nominated friends if the user opts to activate tracking when feeling unsafe while roaming the city.

Hamilton, TJ & Tapson, J 1970, 'A neuromorphic cross-correlation chip', 2011 IEEE International Symposium of Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL, pp. 865-868.
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Hamilton, TJ & van Schaik, A 1970, 'Silicon implementation of the generalized integrate-and-fire neuron model', 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), IEEE, pp. 108-112.
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In this paper we present the design, implementation and preliminary results from a silicon neuron (SiN) based on the generalized integrate-and-fire neuron model. The SiN is integrated onto a chip with a number of similar SiNs. In this paper we show the results from a single neuron, however, in the future it is our aim to show that real-time, low-power and highly configurable spiking neural networks are feasible on silicon chips. © 2011 IEEE.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Community Structures for Large Scale Collaboration', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 161-172.
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The paper describes an approach to design complex systems that are now increasingly found in Government. It suggests that rather than using a prescriptive top down approach to design systems, a better approach is to use a more descriptive method focused on a flexible architecture with cognitive tools to adapt the architecture to evolving needs. The architectural approach described in this paper proposes community structures where communities collaborate towards a common but evolving vision with a focus on sustainability and adaption to change. The cognitive support is through different perspectives including activity, social structure, knowledge and organization. The perspectives improve understanding of what are increasingly complex systems by managing change through the relationship of the change in one perspective on relationships throughout the system. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective', Proceedings of the Second International Conference, EGOVIS 2011, Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Toulouse, France, pp. 161-172.
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The paper describes an approach to design complex systems that are now increasingly found in Government. It suggests that rather than using a prescriptive top own approach to design systems, a better approach is to use a more descriptive method focused on a flexible architecture with cognitive tools to adapt the architecture to evolving needs. The architectural approach described in this paper proposes community structures where communities collaborate towards a common but evolving vision with a focus on sustainability and adaption to change. The cognitive support is through different perspectives including activity, social structure, knowledge and organization. The perspectives improve understanding of what are increasingly complex systems by managing change through the relationship of the change in one perspective on relationships throughout the system.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Open modeling for designing community ecosystems', Pacis 2011 15th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems Quality Research in Pacific, Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, pp. 1-11.
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The paper proposes an open approach to modeling to cater for the emerging trend to complex adaptive systems. Such systems are seen as collections of people, programs, computers and other physical objects that must coexist and work towards a vision in a continually changing environment. The information system here is perceived as a network of physical, knowledge and other kinds of entities connected into a network that emerges as the environment evolves. The paper describes a community oriented approach to model such systems where each community is seen as a collection of such entities. The communities themselves are connected to create a system of systems or a community ecosystem where the communities collaborate to realize a continually emerging vision. The paper describes an open modeling approach for such ecosystems to provide designers a systematic way to design community coordination. It first uses living systems and complexity as metaphors to design community structures that ensure collaboration persists over a long time. The modeling methods provide a flexible approach to show networks of community collaborating within their context. An open approach is to provide users with a flexible method to create community networks using semantics natural to the user and emphasizing perspectives to visualize the complex relationships within such systems.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'System requirements for large scale community collaboration', 2011 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS), 2011 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS), IEEE, Philadelphia, USA, pp. 94-99.
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Work is becoming more collaborative in business and public enterprises. The goal of enabling collaboration is to share knowledge and develop new innovative outcomes. Enterprises are increasingly faced with providing communication systems to support the collaboration and for people to share knowledge to work collaboratively. Collaboration now often goes beyond supporting small teams but increasingly requires collaboration across large enterprises. This growing importance of collaboration in large scale evolving systems is calling for ways to use new communication technologies, especially those based on Web 2.0, to support enterprise wide collaboration. This paper proposes a framework to facilitate large scale collaboration by developing a collaborative architecture and ways to convert it to supporting technology. The framework uses an ensemble of communities all working to a common vision as the basis for the collaborative architecture. The paper defines a model for communities coordinate to collaborate and work towards a common vision. It distinguishes between different kinds of activities in community collaboration and how they can be integrated by developing a collaborative architecture to foster the relationships needed for effective collaboration. The paper then proposes the roles needed to support collaboration and how to support these roles and their interaction.

Hazelton, P & Gardner, A 1970, 'Student reflections on sustainability in engineering education', SEFI Annual Conference 2011, European Society for Engineering Education, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 523-526.
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A short course of three weeks duration for recently graduated and final year engineering students has been conducted every year since 2001 at EPF, Ecole d'ingenieurs generaliste, Sceaux, France. The short course was run under the auspices of the International Institute of Women in Engineering (IIWE) with the aim of introducing young engineers to broad global concepts and issues relating to their future professional practice. The curriculum of this interdisciplinary and intercultural learning program has evolved over several years in iterative cycles of innovation, evaluation and fine-tuning the implementation. To assess the effectiveness of various initiatives in the content and delivery of the course, the participants in 2006 completed the same questionnaire prior to the commencement of, and at the conclusion of the course. Since then participants have completed a modified questionnaire at the end of their course, with questions specifically addressing changes to the course such as the introduction of a specific course theme, a group project and industrial visits focused on sustainable engineering. This paper reports on a selection of the results of these questionnaires and how these results have been used to make changes to the IIWE course.

He, Y, Wang, J, Su, Y, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Shi, J 1970, 'An efficient implementation of PRACH generator in LTE UE transmitters', 2011 7th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, 2011 7th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC 2011), IEEE, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 2226-2230.
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An efficient hardware-optimized Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) baseband signal generation algorithm and its ASIC implementation in the LTE user equipment (UE) transmitter are presented in this paper. A simplified DFT of the Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence as well as a phase computation are applied to the prime size DFT of the PRACH preamble and the large size IDFT is accomplished by groups of smaller size IFFTs. The optimized algorithm achieves significantly lower computational complexity compared with the original algorithm in the LTE specification and better performance compared to another publication. The ASIC architecture is also designed to reduce the memory size and logic complexity, which achieves a low hardware cost in terms of the cell area. The proposed design was implemented in 65nm CMOS and it was demonstrated that this design can satisfy the timing requirements of the LTE specification. © 2011 IEEE.

Hedley, M, Ren Ping Liu & Xun Yang 1970, 'Fast and accurate tracking in wireless networks', 2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC 2011), IEEE, Toronto, ON, Canada, pp. 1172-1176.
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Wireless tracking is being increasingly used in elite and professional sports for training and performance monitoring. Accurate and high update rate tracking in indoor venues is the challenge that we are addressing. In this paper we propose a new algorithm for network round-trip ranging based on the measurement of time of arrival that supports high update rates and tracks and removes errors caused by changes in propagation delay in the analog electronics. The localization performance of our proposed algorithm is validated by results acquired in a sporting venue using our localization system, which is based on a custom TDMA protocol. We then discuss the issues with implementing the scheme in an 802.11 wireless network, propose an extension to the standard to support our scheme, and present analysis and simulation results to demonstrate the benefit over other schemes. © 2011 IEEE.

Herath, DC, Chapman, T, Tomkins, A, Elliott, L, David, M, Cooper, A, Burnham, D & Kodagoda, S 1970, 'A study on wearable robotics &#x2014; Comfort is in the context', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), IEEE, Phuket, Thailand, pp. 2969-2974.
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WITU (Wearable Indoor Tracking Unit) is a wearable robotic device that aids indoor navigation by building maps and localizing the user within them. Applications of such a device include search and rescue, travel aid in large and complex buildings, museum guides among others where external localization information such as from a GPS is not available. However, WITU relies on human intelligence both to maintain long term consistency of its location estimates and to efficiently manage its limited memory and processing capacity. This alludes to a symbiotic relationship between the user and the device and here we look at this symbiotic relationship from an end user perspective. Thus, in order to have a successful interaction, we argue that the user needs to feel comfortable wearing the device while carrying out the intended tasks. We hypothesize that this perceived comfort is dependent on the context in which the device is used. We test our hypothesis on three different scenarios; search and rescue worker, dementia patient in a long care facility and a person at a party which acts as the baseline. Results indicate an important consequence for the development of such wearable robotic systems.

Hezaveh, NK, Azadeh, A, Tofighi, S, Saberi, M, Pazhoheshfar, P & Behrouznia, A 1970, 'An integrated ANN and Fuzzy C-mean clustering algorithm for performance assessment of telecommunication sectors and auto industries', 2011 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Communication Software and Networks, 2011 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN), IEEE, pp. 6-10.
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This study proposes a non-parametric efficiency frontier analysis method based on the adaptive neural network technique for measuring efficiency as a complementary tool for the common techniques of the efficiency studies in the previous studies. The proposed computational method is able to find a stochastic frontier based on a set of input-output observational data and do not require explicit assumptions about the function structure of the stochastic frontier. In this algorithm, for calculating the efficiency scores, a similar approach to econometric methods has been used. Moreover, the effect of the return to scale of decision making unit (DMU) on its efficiency is included and the unit used for the correction is selected by notice of its scale (under constant return to scale assumption). Also for increasing DMUs' homogeneousness, Fuzzy C-means method is used to cluster DMUs. An example using real data is presented for illustrative purposes. In the application to the wireless telecommunication and auto industries, we find that the neural network provide more robust results and identifies more efficient units than the conventional methods since better performance patterns are explored. © 2011 IEEE.

Hilsenbeck, B, Kirchner, N & IEEE 1970, 'Listening for people: Exploiting the spectral structure of speech to robustly perceive the presence of people', 2011 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, San Francisco, USA, pp. 2903-2909.
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As the desire to see robots ubiquitous in society grows, so does the need for providing the robots with the means of building awareness of any humans with which it may be sharing the environment. This paper presents a real-world suitable system which enables robots to robustly perceive the presence of people acoustically. The proposed binaural system first identifies voiced signal by means of a novel approach to Voice Activity Detection that exploits the spectral signature and characteristics of speech without reliance on a priori knowledge. Bearing estimates for each speaker are then made using a multi-track particle filter with a belief update function comprised of a Cross-correlation bearing estimate and an estimate of the speaker's fundamental frequency. Results, from an evaluation of each of the major system components and a system evaluation in which the robot successfully built human-centric situational awareness of the three humans with which it shared an office lunch-room containing typical background noises, are presented and discussed.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA & Ramos, RA 1970, 'A new approach of modelling power systems for robust control', 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2011 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, IEEE, Detroit, MI, pp. 1-8.
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Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA & Ramos, RA 1970, 'Impacts of large-scale wind generators penetration on the voltage stability of power systems', 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2011 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, IEEE, Detroit, MI, pp. 1-8.
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Hossain, MJ, Saha, TK & Mithulananthan, N 1970, 'A control methodology for renewable energy integrations in distribution systems', 2011 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, 2011 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT Australia), IEEE, pp. 1-8.
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This paper presents a systematic control methodology for intermittent renewable energy integrations in low voltage distribution systems considering operating constraints and limits. An output feedback decentralized controller is synthesized for renewable generators using a linear quadratic robust control strategy. The change in volatile renewable generations is considered as an uncertain term in the design algorithm. The designed controller, for both wind and photovoltaic (PV), ensures both steady state and transient voltage stability for a given integration level. Effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified on a 43 bus industrial mesh distribution system under large disturbances and it is found that the designed control scheme enhances the stability and making the renewable integration grid friendly. © 2011 IEEE.

Hossain, MJ, Saha, TK & Mithulananthan, N 1970, 'Impacts of wind and solar integrations on the dynamic operations of distribution systems', 2011 21st Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference Aupec 2011, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.
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The integration of large-scale distributed generation (DG) and energy storage significantly affect the dynamic behaviors of distribution systems. Distributed systems are facing new challenges in terms of their dynamic behaviors due to the addition of large-scale DG into low-voltage distribution systems. This paper analyses the important effects of the penetration of large-scale wind, solar and energy storage on the dynamic operation of distribution systems during transient conditions. The impact of keeping DG units connected to a distribution grid during and after a grid disturbance is investigated. The behaviors of energy storage devices under fault conditions during a distributed system's islanding are also studied. The impact of the penetration of renewable energy resources on a system is demonstrated through nonlinear simulations using the IEEE benchmark sixteen bus distribution system. The results show that solar, wind and energy storage dynamics have significant impacts on dynamic behaviors and voltage stability of distribution systems. © 2011 Queensland Univ of Tech.

Howsawi, EM, Eager, D & Bagia, R 1970, 'Understanding project success: The four-level project success framework', 2011 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Innovative Wireless Power Transmission: Technologies, Systems, and Applications, 2011 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Innovative Wireless Power Transmission: Technologies, Systems, and Applications (IMWS 2011), IEEE.
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Howsawi, EM, Eager, D, Bagia, R & IEEE 1970, 'Understanding Project Success: the Four-Level Project Success Framework', 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT (IEEM), IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), IEEE, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 620-624.
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It is acknowledged in project management literature that a project's success means different things to different people. This implies that the definition of success will be different for each project. However, success is a common goal for projects regardless of the specific definition for each project. This statement implies that there can be a common approach in planning for success and generalized framework that can guide the process of defining and planning the project success for different projects. This paper presents the underlying framework that directs the optimum success definition and planning process. Through a literature review and classification of success criteria, a four level success framework was developed, namely: context level; business level; product level; and project process level. This framework explains the relationship between levels and provides guidelines for decision process. The framework is generalized and can be applied to most projects.

Hsing, A, Iacopi, F, Lehr, MU, Geisler, H, Machani, K, Ryan, V, Paul, J, Besser, P & Dauskardt, R 1970, 'Mechanical microprobing of Cu pillars and influence of dielectric properties on chip-package interaction', Advanced Metallization Conference (AMC), pp. 52-53.

Hsu, C-H, Li, P, Guo, S, Yu, S & Qian, Z 1970, 'Multicast Lifetime Maximization Using Network Coding in Lossy Wireless Ad Hoc Networks', 2011 IFIP 9th International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, 2011 IEEE/IFIP 9th International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC), IEEE, pp. 95-99.
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In traditional stop-and-wait strategy for reliable communications, such as ARQ, retransmission for the packet loss problem would incur a great number of packet transmissions in lossy wireless ad-hoc networks. We study the reliable multicast lifetime maximization problem by alternatively exploring the random linear network coding in this paper. We formulate such problem as a min-max problem and propose a heuristic algorithm, called maximum lifetime tree (MLT), to build a multicast tree that maximizes the network lifetime. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can significantly increase the network lifetime when compared with the traditional algorithms under various distributions of error probability on lossy wireless links. © 2011 IEEE.

HU, H, WANG, J & LI, Y 1970, 'INVESTIGATION ON ITS VIBRATION-REDUCTION AND SHOCK-RESISTANT PROPERTIES OF A GUN RECOIL MECHANISM BASED ON MR DAMPER', Electro-Rheological Fluids and Magneto-Rheological Suspensions, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, pp. 214-220.
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MR damper has brought out new challenges for development of the recoil mechanisms and vibration stability control of weapons because of its good electromechanical coupling performances. At present, it has been an urgent task during automatic firing to ensure its dynamic performance and its reliability of gun recoil mechanism under continuous fastly impact. For recoil mechanisms applications, MR dampers are desired to provide optimal damping force to control the recoil dynamics, so that large peak of recoil forces can be avoided with a certain limited stroke, and the firing stillness and stability are ensured. According to its vibration and shock mechanics process of gun recoil mechanism, the measurement method of its vibration-reduction and shock-resistant properties of gun recoil mechanism based on MR damper is analyzed. The results show that a gun recoil mechanism based on MR damper is quite a good vibration-reduction and shock-resistant equipment when the vibration and shock energy dissipation by damp is considered.

Hu, J, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y & Guo, Y 1970, 'Predictive direct power control of doubly fed induction generator with power ripples reduction and one step delay compensation for wind power generation', 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 1-6.
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Hu, J, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y, Qishuang Ma & Youguang Guo 1970, 'Simple and robust predictive direct control of DFIG with low constant switching frequency and reduced torque and flux ripples', 2011 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC), Drives Conference (IEMDC), IEEE, Niagara Falls, ON, Canada, pp. 771-776.
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For conventional direct torque control (CDTC) methods, there are usually undesired torque and flux ripples mainly for two reasons. First, the vectors selected are not necessary the best. Secondly, one-step delay influence in digital implementation causes additional torque and flux ripples. This paper proposes a novel predictive direct torque control (PDTC) strategy of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). The proposed strategy aims to reduce torque and flux ripples effectively at low constant switching frequency by appropriately arranging two active vectors followed by one zero vector within one control period. Furthermore, one-step delay is compensated using a mode-based prediction scheme. Finally, the control system is simplified through further analysis of the transient slope of torque and flux without performance degradation. Simulation results validate the proposed strategy with excellent steady-state and transient performance, which makes it very suitable for wind power generation.

Huang, C-S, Ko, L-W, Lu, S-W, Chen, S-A & Lin, C-T 1970, 'A vectorcardiogram-based classification system for the detection of Myocardial infarction', 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, MA, USA, pp. 973-976.
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Myocardial infarction (MI), generally known as a heart attack, is one of the top leading causes of mortality in the world. In clinical diagnosis, cardiologists generally utilize 12-lead ECG system to classify patients into MI symptoms: 1. ST segment elevation, 2. ST segment depression or T wave inversion. However unstable ischemic syndromes have rapidly changing supply versus demand characteristics that is one of the several limitations of 12-lead ECG system for MI detection. In addition, the ECG sensor placements of 12-lead system is not easily donned and doffed for tele-healthcare monitoring at home. Vectorcardiogram (VCG) system in clinic is another type of diagnosis plot which represents the magnitude and direction of the electrical potential in the form of a vector loop during cardiac electric activity. The VCG system can easily acquire three ECG waves from X, Y, Z directions to composite vector signal in space and the VCG signals can be transferred to 12-lead ECG signal through Dower transformation and vice versa. Hence, this study attempts to develop a VCG-based classification system for the detection of Myocardial infarction. In the experiment results, the proposed system can select the proper ECG features based on cardiologist's knowledge and proposed principal moments of QRS complex. The classification performance of MI detection can be reached to 99.89% of sensitivity, 92.51% of specificity, 95.35% of positive predictive value, and 96.96% overall accuracy with maximum-likelihood classifier (MLC). © 2011 IEEE.

Huang, S, Peng, X & Niu, Z 1970, 'News topic detection based on hierarchical clustering and named entity', 2011 7th International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Engineering, 2011 7th International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Engineering (NLPKE), IEEE, Tokushima, Japan, pp. 280-284.
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News topic detection is the process of organizing news story collections and real-time news/broadcast streams into news topics. While unlike the traditional text analysis, it is a process of incremental clustering, and generally divided into retrospective topic detection and online topic detection. This paper considers the feature changes of modern news data experienced from the past, and presents a new topic detection strategy based on hierarchical clustering and named entities. Topic detection process is also divided into retrospective and online steps, and named entities in the news stories are employed in the topic clustering algorithm. For the online step's efficiency and precision, this paper first clusters news stories in each time window into micro-clusters, and then extracts three representation vectors for each micro-cluster to calculate the similarity to existing topics. The experimental results show remarkable improvement compared with recently most applied topic detection method. © 2011 IEEE.

Huang, W & Alem, L 1970, 'Supporting Hand Gestures in Mobile Remote Collaboration: A Usability Evaluation', Electronic Workshops in Computing, Proceedings of HCI 2011 The 25th BCS Conference on Human Computer Interaction, BCS Learning & Development, pp. 211-216.
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Rapid advances in networking and hardware have made it possible for remotely located individuals to perform physical tasks together. Although a range of systems have been developed for remote collaboration, how to support the richness of hand gestures for an expert guiding a mobile worker located in a non-traditional-desktop environment has not been fully explored. HandsOnVideo is a system developed to fill this gap. The system uses a near-eye display to support mobility and unmediated representations of hands to support remote gestures. A usability evaluation has been conducted to gain in-depth understanding of the usefulness and usability of HandsOnVideo and the study yields positive results. In this paper, we describe the evaluation method, report the experimental results, discuss the findings and envision possible future improvements.

Huang, X & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Closed-form MSE performance for phase estimation from Gaussian reference signals', 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications & Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 154-158.
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In many communications and signal processing applications, phase information carried on Gaussian distributed reference signals is often required for various purposes, such as the carrier frequency offset estimation in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The performance of phase estimation is usually measured by the mean square error (MSE) which is often infeasible to obtain. Instead, the Cramér-Rao Bound (CRB) and modified Cramér-Rao Bound (MCRB) are used to give lower MSE bounds for the phase estimation. This paper presents closed-form MSE approximations for estimating phase information from Gaussian reference signals, which provide better indications of the MSE performance than the MCRB. It is also shown that the MCRB is only attainable at high signal-to-noise ratios and with large number of observed signal samples. Simulated and analytical results are compared to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the derived MSE formulas. © 2011 IEEE.

Hussain, FK & Chang, E 1970, '3. Message from the editors', 5th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (IEEE DEST 2011), 2011 5th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (DEST), IEEE, pp. 8-8.
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Hussain, W, Sohaib, O, Ahmed, A & Khattak, BS 1970, 'Comparative study of WCAG 2.0, IBM Web 5.1 and Section 508-1194.22 for Lower-Literate Web-Users to enhance Content Usability', FUTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, International Conference on Future Information Technology (ICFIT 2011), INT ASSOC COMPUTER SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PRESS-IACSIT PRESS, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 149-153.

Huynh, BP 1970, 'Numerical Investigation of Slider Bearings With Limited Corrugation and Power-Law Lubricant', Volume 6: Fluids and Thermal Systems; Advances for Process Industries, Parts A and B, ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, ASMEDC, pp. 271-275.
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Performance of slider bearings of infinite width but having corrugation of limited extent is investigated numerically, using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package. Lubricant is assumed to be a fluid of power-law type. Over a range of the power-law index, effects of the corrugated section’s location on pressure distribution in the bearing’s fluid film and its load supporting capacity is considered. Load-supporting capacity increases with power-law index n, but saturates when n reaches about 1.7. Ratio of load-supporting capacities between corrugated bearing and smooth-surface bearing varies significantly with respect to n when n < [about 0.8], but stays nearly constant at higher n value. Larger corrugation-wave amplitude enhances the difference in load-supporting capacity between corrugated bearings and the smooth-surface one.

Huynh, P 1970, 'NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF SLIDER BEARINGS WITH LIMITED CORRUGATION AND POWER-LAW LUBRICANT', Proceedings of the 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, ASME, Denver, Colorado, USA, pp. 1-5.
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Performance of slider bearings of infinite width but having corrugation of limited extent is investigated numerically, using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package. Lubricant is assumed to be a fluid of power-law type. Over a range of the power-law index, effects of the corrugated section's location on pressure distribution in the bearing's fluid film and its load supporting capacity is considered. Loadsupporting capacity increases with power-law index n, but saturates when n reaches about 1.7. Ratio of load-supporting capacities between corrugated bearing and smooth-surface bearing varies significantly with respect to n when n < [about 0.8], but stays nearly constant at higher n value. Larger corrugation-wave amplitude enhances the difference in loadsupporting capacity between corrugated bearings and the smooth-surface one.

Indraratna Buddhima, Rujikiatkamjorn Cholachat & Jing Ni 1970, 'Cyclic Behaviour of Soft Soil Subgrade Improved by Prefabricated Vertical Drains', DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF GEOMATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2, 5th International Symposium on Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials (IS), IOS Press, SOUTH KOREA, Seoul, pp. 559-564.
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The behaviour of saturated soft clays subjected to cyclic loading is of considerable importance in the design of railway subgrades. Soft clays can be extensively found in many coastal regions of Australia up to significant depths, including the coastal belt and the central part of NSW. These soft clay deposits are characterised by very low bearing capacity and excessive settlement. The increase in generated excess pore pressures due to heavy freight trains significantly reduces the bearing capacity and causes serious damage to the rail infrastructure such as clay pumping underneath railway tracks and excessive subsidence. The use of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) is one of the popular methods for soft ground improvement. In this paper, the behaviour of soft clay subjected to cyclic loads is investigated using large-scale triaxial tests. Cyclic triaxial tests on remoulded soft clay samples with and without vertical drains have been carried out using a large-scale triaxial apparatus designed and built at the University of Wollongong. It was found that the PVD under cyclic loading allows the generated cyclic excess pore pressures to dissipate during and after the cyclic load application. The extent of smear zone was approximately three times the equivalent diameter of the mandrel used during installation and is comparable to the generally accepted relationship between mandrel and smear produced under static loading. The case history at Sandgate Rail Grade Separation Project is also presented with a Class A numerical prediction. Design methodology and finite element analysis are discussed through associated settlement and lateral displacement.

Indraratna, B & Nimbalkar, S 1970, 'Implications of ballast breakage on ballasted railway track based on numerical modeling', Computer Methods for Geomechanics: Frontiers and New Applications, International Conference of the International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1085-1092.
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Large and frequent cyclic train loading from heavy haul and passenger trains often leads to progressive track deterioration. The excessive deformation and degradation of ballast and unacceptable differential settlement of track and/or pumping of underlying soft subgrade soils necessitate frequent and costly track maintenance. A proper understanding of load transfer mechanisms and subsequent deformations in track layers is the key element for safe and economical track design and optimum maintenance procedures. Many simplifi ed analytical and empirical design methods have been used to estimate the settlement and stress-transfer between the track layers. However, these design methods are based on the linear elastic approach, and often only give crude estimates. Given the complexities of the behaviour of the composite track system consisting of rail, sleeper, ballast, sub-ballast and subgrade subject to repeated traffi c loads in a real track environment, the current track design techniques are overly simplifi ed. The track design should also account for the deterioration of ballast due to breakage and subsequent implications on the track deformations. Considering this, an elasto-plastic constitutive model of a composite multi-layer track system is proposed. Constitutive models and material parameters adopted in this numerical model are discussed. A hardening soil model with a non-associative fl ow rule is introduced to accurately simulate the strain-hardening behaviour of ballast. The breakage of ballast observed in large scale triaxial tests is also simulated based on this model. In conjunction, numerical simulations are also performed using a two-dimensional plane-strain fi nite element analysis (PLAXIS) capturing the effects of ballast breakage and track confi ning pressure. The paper also demonstrates the advantages of the proposed elasto-plastic fi nite element simulations when compared to conventional analytical methods used by practitioners that are...

Indraratna, B, Regmi, G, Nghiem, LD & Golab, A 1970, 'Geo-Environmental Approaches for the Remediation of Acid Sulphate Soil in Low-Lying Floodplains', Geo-Frontiers 2011, Geo-Frontiers Congress 2011, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 856-865.
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Acidity generated from the oxidation of pyrite and other sulphidic compounds that exist at shallow depths in acid sulphate soils (ASS) presents a challenging environmental problem in coastal Australia. The generated acidic groundwater can adversely impact coastal ecosystems, aquaculture and agriculture. Groundwater manipulation using weirs and modified floodgates in creeks and flood mitigation drains in ASS-affected farmland, which has been practiced for over a decade for preventing pyrite oxidation, is not effective in low-lying floodplains due to the high risk of flooding. In this paper, the authors present an overview of their experience in coastal Australia, a critical evaluation of currently practiced geo-environmental remediation methods as well as a demonstration of a pilot permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to control acidic groundwater pollution. The selection of recycled concrete, a commonly available alkaline waste material, and the systematic investigation of its longevity are highlighted through a series of batch and column experiments. In addition, the improvement of the groundwater quality by a pilot PRB using recycled concrete in ASS terrain within the Shoalhaven region of NSW, Australia will be elucidated based on field data collected over the last 3.5 years. © ASCE 2011.

Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Nimbalkar, S 1970, 'Use of Geosynthetics in Railways Including Geocomposites and Vertical Drains', Geo-Frontiers 2011, Geo-Frontiers Congress 2011, American Society of Civil Engineers, Dallas, Texas, pp. 4733-4742.
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Australia relies heavily on rail for the transportation of bulk commodities and passenger services, and has introduced faster and heavier trains in recent years due to a growing demand. Large cyclic loading from heavy haul and passenger trains often leads to progressive deterioration of the track. The excessive deformations and degradations of the ballast layer and unacceptable differential settlement or pumping of underlying soft and compressible subgrade soils necessitate frequent costly track maintenance works. A proper understanding of load transfer mechanisms and their effects on track deformations are essential prerequisites for minimising maintenance costs. The reinforcement of the track by means of geosynthetics leads to significant reduction in the downward propagation of stresses and assures more resilient long-term performance. The geocomposite serves the functions of reinforcement, drainage and separation, thereby reducing the vertical and lateral deformations. Stabilization of soft subgrade soils by using prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) is also essential for improving the overall stability of track and to reduce the differential settlement during the operation of trains. The effectiveness of using geocomposite geosynthetic and PVDs has been observed through field measurements and finite element analyses. These have been the first fully instrumented, comprehensive field trials carried out in Australian Railways, and it was very encouraging to see the field observations matching the numerical predictions. © ASCE 2011.

Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Vinod, JS & Nimbalkar, S 1970, 'PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL GROUND IMPROVEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE UNDER CYCLIC LOADS', Geotechnical Engineering for Disaster Mitigation and Rehabilitation and Highway Engineering 2011, Proceedings of the 3rd and 5th International Conference, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Semarang, INDONESIA, pp. 140-156.
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Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Performance and cost comparison of NPC, FC and SCHB multilevel converter topologies for high-voltage applications', 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 1-6.
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The rapid increase in global energy consumption and the impact of greenhouse gas emissions have accelerated the renewable energy technology into a more competitive area. Due to the variable nature of renewable energy resources and power demand by the consumers, grid based renewable generation has gained significant popularity in the world. High-voltage converter can interconnect the renewable systems to the grid directly without introducing a lossy, costly and bulky transformer. Three popular multilevel converter topologies: Neutral Point Clamped (NPC), Flying Capacitor (FC) and Series Connected H-Bridge (SCHB) have successfully made their way into the industry and therefore can be considered a mature and proven technology for low and medium voltage applications. But most of them are not suitable for high-voltage applications. This paper presents the comparison of a Five-Level (5L)-NPC, a 5LFC, a 5L-SCHB, an Eleven-Level (11L)-NPC, an 11L-FC and an 11L-SCHB topologies for an 11 kV Voltage Source Converter (VSC). The comparison is made in terms of number of semiconductors, semiconductor cost, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), filter size and control complexity.

Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Transformer-less local grid based 11 kV SCHB multilevel converter for renewable energy systems', 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 1-6.
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Due to the variable nature of renewable energy resources and power demand by the consumers, it is difficult to operate a power system installed with only one type of renewable energy resource. The local grid based renewable generation may be the only solution to overcome this problem. In this regard, an 11 kV Series Connected H-Bridge (SCHB) multilevel Voltage Source Converter (VSC) is proposed, which is the transformer less, cost effective solution to interface the renewable generation system to the local grid directly. This paper presents the design, simulation and analysis of a Five Level (5L)-SCHB and an Eleven Level (11L)-SCHB VSC for an 11 kV local grid based renewable energy systems. The performance, cost, modulation scheme and harmonic spectra of the converter are the bases for analysis.

Islam, MR, Guo, Y, Zhu, JG, Dorrell, D & IEEE 1970, 'Design and Comparison of 11 kV Multilevel Voltage Source Converters for Local Grid Based Renewable Energy Systems', IECON 2011: 37TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 3596-3601.
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Because the availability of renewable energy is highly variable and the power demand by the consumers could have a very different characteristic, it is very desirable to connect a renewable generation system to the grid. In this respect, the 11 kV multilevel Voltage Source Converter (VSC) has no heavy transformer and is the cost effective solution to interfacing a renewable generation system to the local grid directly. This paper presents the design and comparison of a Five-Level Neutral Point Clamped (5L-NPC), a Five-Level Flying Capacitor (5L-FC), a Five-Level Series Connected H-Bridge (5L-SCHB), an Eleven-Level Neutral Point Clamped (11LNPC), an Eleven-Level Flying Capacitor (11L-FC), and an Eleven-Level Series Connected H-Bridge (5L-SCHB) VSC for an 11 kV local grid based converter. The cost of power semiconductors and capacitors, modulation schemes and harmonic spectra of the converters are the bases for comparison.

Islam, MR, Guo, YG & Zhu, JG 1970, 'H-bridge multilevel voltage source converter for direct grid connection of renewable energy systems', 2011 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, 2011 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT Australia), IEEE, Perth, Australia, pp. 1-7.
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The conventional approach based on low-voltage converter with power frequency transformer is commonly employed for grid connection of offshore renewable power generation systems. Because of the heavy weight and large size of the transformer, the system can be expensive and complex for installation and maintenance. As an alternative approach to achieve a compact and light direct grid connection, a high-voltage converter using series connected H-bridge (SCHB) multilevel converter topology is proposed in this paper. Since the SCHB converter requires a large number of isolated and balanced DC supplies, a high frequency transformer link is employed to couple the SCHB to the single low voltage DC supply. This paper presents the design and simulation of the proposed system.

Islam, SM, Esselle, KP, Bull, D & Pilowsky, PM 1970, 'Effects of rat skin on the resonance frequency: An experiment with a commercial antenna for an implanted telemetry system', TENCON 2011 - 2011 IEEE Region 10 Conference, TENCON 2011 - 2011 IEEE Region 10 Conference, IEEE, INDONESIA, pp. 1391-1395.
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iti Nur Afiqah Aman, ZAL 1970, 'Landslide hazard assessment using LiDAR and spatially related conditioning factors', Proceedings of 10th International Symposium & Exhibition on Geoinformation 2011 (ISG 2011), 27-19 September 2011. Shah Alam, Malaysia.

James, CA, Bednarz, TP, Haustein, K, Alem, L, Caris, C & Castleden, A 1970, 'Tele-operation of a mobile mining robot using a panoramic display: an exploration of operators sense of presence', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2011), IEEE, pp. 279-284.
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The mining industry is interested in tele-operation systems to remove mining operators from hazardous or inconvenient environments without losing efficiency. The increased availability of high-speed wired and wireless data networks is promoting the use of immersive environments, but there is not enough evidence yet to support whether such environments significantly improve the field-tested performance of tele-operation systems or not. We are interested in investigating a mixed-presence, tele-operation scenario involving an offsite operator remotely operating a robot as well as an onsite operator co-located with the robot. These scenarios are common in industry, yet poorly researched. We have conducted a trial to explore the effects of immersion on operator spatial awareness, sense of presence and satisfaction, in a mixed presence tele-operation scenario. This paper presents the results of our trial using a panoramic display system that provides some level of immersion. The outcome of our work provides a first step in the exploration of cost effective technologies of potential value to the mining industry. © 2011 IEEE.

Janjua, NK & Hussain, FK 1970, 'Defeasible Reasoning Based Argumentative Web-IDSS for Virtual Teams (VTs)', 2011 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, 2011 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence (WI) and Intelligent Agent Technologies (IAT), IEEE, Lyon, France, pp. 330-334.
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TheWeb-based intelligent decision support system (Web-IDSS) is pivotal for a Virtual Team (VT) to successfully execute business-related tasks. The current generation of Web-IDSS built on top of semantic web technologies for VTs lacks the capability to provide decision support when underlying information is incomplete and/or contradictory. In this article, we address this limitation of current Web-IDSS through defeasible logic based argumentation formalism. The proposed Web-IDSS uses a hybrid reasoning approach: forward chaining (data-driven) for the construction of arguments over incomplete information, and backward chaining (goal-driven) for conflict identification and resolution with explanation. The proposed Web-IDSS adheres to web standards and publishes the outcome of argumentative reasoning in Argument Interchange Format (AIF). © 2011 IEEE.

Janjua, NK & Hussain, FK 1970, 'Rule-Based Business Policies Specification, Reasoning and Integration for Business Process Model Extraction', 2011 International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications, 2011 International Conference on Broadband, Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA), IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 51-56.
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Business policies are pervasive in web-based information systems and the introduction of the semantic web has opened new fertile horizons for their representation and automated processing. However, a number of challenges have also emerged. First is the formal representation and handling of contradictory business policies. Second, is the extraction of process models from a given set of business policies. This paper reports on a semantic, rule-based information system for business policies representation, and argumentative reasoning to resolve conflicts and integrate them to produce a business process model for a given task. We demonstrate the working of the proposed system with help of a case study. © 2011 IEEE.

Jayawardhana, M, Zhu, X & Liyanapathirana, R 1970, 'Structural Damage Detection of RC Structures using AR Model Coefficients', DYNAMICS FOR SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING, VOL 1, 14th Asia Pacific Vibration Conference (APVC) on Dynamics for Sustainable Engineering, HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIV, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 298-306.

Jenkins, D, McCarthy, LM & Baweja, D 1970, 'Optimising precast bridge girders for sustainability with the use of high performance concrete', Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete - Design, Verification & Utilization (TR48), International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, New Zealand Concrete Society (NZCS), Rotorua, NZ, pp. 1-7.
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The standard Super-T bridge girders used in Australia were developed to provide optimum performance at a time when the maximum concrete grade covered by the bridge design code was 50 MPa. This paper examines the opportunities for improved sustainability through the use of high performance concrete, considering the use of existing standard sections, modified sections optimised for higher strength grades, and the use of techniques such as hybrid pre-tensioned and post-tensioned girders, and precast girders used in continuous structures. These alternatives are compared for impact on CO2 emissions within the context of current Australian precast and bridge construction practice. In addition, the designs of the sections are reviewed based on a series of alternative concrete mix designs covering a reference Portland cement concrete mix and a series of concretes incorporating a range of supplementary cementitious materials included at different levels of cement replacement to determine efficiencies in design and impacts on the embodied energy required to manufacture the elements.

Jian Bin Zeng, Guo, YG, Zhu, JG & Lin, ZW 1970, 'Magnetic hysteresis property of magneto-rheological fluid material under 2D fluxes', 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 256-259.
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This paper systematically reports our recent study on the magnetic hysteresis property of magnetorheological (MR) fluid material under one dimension alternating and two dimension rotating magnetic field. The measurement was completed by a single sheet tester and a MR fluid sample container. The principle of measurement and the calibrating procedure of sensor coil are presented. The experiment results, such as H-B loop, H & B vector loci and lagging angle between H and B are analyzed and discussed. The results will be useful in the design of smart structure using MR material fluid. © 2011 IEEE.

Jiang, F, Frater, M, Ling, SSH & IEEE 1970, 'A Distributed Smart Routing Scheme for Terrestrial Sensor Networks with Hybrid Neural Rough Sets', IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ 2011), IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 2238-2244.
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Abstract The limited power consumption, as a major constraint, presents challenges in improving the network throughput for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Due to the limited computational power, the applications of WSNs in Terrestrial Networks require the capability to pre-process the observation data so as to remove irrelevant features or factors from multi-dimensional dataset. This paper proposes a intelligent distributed energy efficient routing algorithm inspired from natural learning and adaptation process with the aid of hybrid Neural Rough Sets theory, which is used to efficiently reduce the dimensionality of input dataset. The algorithmic implementation and experimental validation are described in this paper. Details of the algorithm and its testing procedures are presented in comparison with the other power-aware protocols, e.g., mini-hop. The validation of the proposed model is carried out via a wireless sensor network test-bed implemented in Castalia Simulator. The experimental results show the network performance measurements such as delay, throughput and packet loss that have been greatly improved as the outcome of applying this integration with Neural Rough Sets.

Jiang, F, Ling, SSH & Agbinya, JI 1970, 'A nature inspired anomaly detection system using multiple detection engines', 7th International Conference on Broadband Communications and Biomedical Applications, 2011 6th International Conference on Broadband and Biomedical Communications (IB2Com), IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 200-205.
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The rapid growth of computer networks presents challenges to the single detection engine based system, which has been insufficient in meeting end-users' requirements in the large-scale distributed complex network. In this paper, multiple detection engines with multi-layered intrusion detection mechanisms are proposed. The principle is to coordinate the results from each single-engine intrusion alert system, by seamlessly integrating with the multiple layered distributed service-oriented structure. An improved hidden Markov model (HMM) is created for the detection engine which is capable of the immunology-based self/nonself discrimination. The classifications of normal and abnormal behaviour of system calls are further examined by an advanced fuzzy-based inference process called HPSOWM. Considering a real benchmark dataset from the public domain, our experimental results show that the proposed scheme can greatly shorten the training time of HMM and reduce the false positive rate significantly. The proposed HPSOWM especially works for the efficient classification of unknown behaviors and malicious attacks.

Jiang, J, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'An Innovative Self-Adaptive Configuration Optimization System in Cloud Computing', 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, 2011 IEEE 9th International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing (DASC), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 621-627.
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Cloud computing has emerging as an extremely popular and cost-effective computational service model using pay-as-you-go executing environments that scale transparently to the user. However, cloud providers should tackle the challenge of configuring their systems to provide maximal performance while minimizing customer's cost of computing resources, which satisfy the customers' various workload requirements. To solve the above challenge, in this paper, we propose an innovative architecture of self-adaptive configuration optimization system which supports dynamic reconfiguration when workloads change. In addition, we develop an optimization algorithm by using genetic algorithm for this system. By using queuing theory and statistic techniques, we model and compute the SLAs metrics which are defined as the fitness function in the optimization algorithm. This optimization system can guide cloud customers to purchase appropriate resources and make decision of deployment configuration such as scale, scheduling and capacity. © 2011 IEEE.

Jiang, J, Lu, J, Zhang, G & Long, G 1970, 'Scaling-Up Item-Based Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Algorithm Based on Hadoop', 2011 IEEE World Congress on Services, 2011 IEEE World Congress on Services (SERVICES), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 490-497.
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Collaborative filtering (CF) techniques have achieved widespread success in E-commerce nowadays. The tremendous growth of the number of customers and products in recent years poses some key challenges for recommender systems in which high quality recommendations are required and more recommendations per second for millions of customers and products need to be performed. Thus, the improvement of scalability and efficiency of collaborative filtering (CF) algorithms become increasingly important and difficult. In this paper, we developed and implemented a scaling-up item-based collaborative filtering algorithm on MapReduce, by splitting the three most costly computations in the proposed algorithm into four Map-Reduce phases, each of which can be independently executed on different nodes in parallel. We also proposed efficient partition strategies not only to enable the parallel computation in each Map-Reduce phase but also to maximize data locality to minimize the communication cost. Experimental results effectively showed the good performance in scalability and efficiency of the item-based CF algorithm on a Hadoop cluster. © 2011 IEEE.

Jiang, J, Zhang, H & Yu, S 1970, 'A Novel Monotonic Fixed-Point Algorithm for l 1-Regularized Least Square Vector and Matrix Problem', HIGH PERFORMANCE NETWORKING, COMPUTING, AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, 2nd International Conference on Theoretical and Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (ICHCC 2011), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 476-483.
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Jin, D, Lu, Y, Zhao, J, Deng, W, Lu, J & Piper, JA 1970, 'Advances in lanthanide bioprobes and high-throughput background-free biophotonics sensing', 2011 International Quantum Electronics Conference (IQEC) and Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) Pacific Rim incorporating the Australasian Conference on Optics, Lasers and Spectroscopy and the Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology, 2011 International Quantum Electronics Conference (IQEC) and Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) Pacific Rim, IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 80-82.
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We report time-domain techniques of biophotonics sensing. Our bioprobes have been engineered to emit tunable luminescence across multiple sharp spectra and microsecond-long lifetimes. This offers high-throughput opportunities for cellular-level disease diagnosis at low cost. © 2011 IEEE.

Jin, J, Zheng, L, Xu, W, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'Experimental study on thrust and normal force of a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor', 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 1-6.
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Johnston, AJ & CLARKSON, D 1970, 'Designing for Conversational Interaction with Interactive Dance Works', Proceedings of the Workshop: The Body In Design, The Australasian Computer Human Interaction Conference (OzCHI), Australian Computer Human Interaction Conference, Interaction Design and Work Practice Laboratory (IDWoP), Canberra, pp. 13-16.
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In this paper we describe ongoing work, which explores the physicality of human-computer interaction in dance works. The use of physical simulations in the interface to connect with the performers and audiences lived experience of the physical world is discussed. Drawing on past work with musicians, we argue that this approach is effective in encouraging creative, `conversational interactions in live performance.

Jolly, L, Keith, KW, Tibbits, G & Anne, AG 1970, 'Conference, reviews and conservations about improving engineering education', Research in Engineering Education Symposium 2011 Rees 2011, Research in Engineering Education Symposium, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain, Madrid, Spain, pp. 834-840.
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Peer reviews are supposed to ensure the quality of published work and are also applied to conference papers with the same aim. But numerous studies have demonstrated that reviews cannot be considered objective or reliable. Even if they were they do not provide the opportunity to refine and develop ideas that conferences such as REES promote. We began by examining how well reviews of papers submitted to the 2010 conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education helped authors to improve and found them to be often inadequate. The literature reveals that this is true for peer review generally. We conclude with some suggestions for how ideas might be shared, developed and disseminated through scholarly conversation while avoiding most of the pitfalls of the review process.

Juan, MC, Furió, D, Alem, L, Ashworth, P & Cano, J 1970, 'ARGreenet and BasicGreenet: Two mobile games for learning how to recycle', 19th International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics Visualization and Computer Vision Wscg 2011 in Co Operation with Eurographics Full Papers Proceedings, pp. 25-32.
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In this paper, a new Augmented Reality (AR) mobile phone game 'ARGreenet' is presented. The game aims to raise individuals' awareness of the importance of recycling and teaching participants how to do it. In this research, the 'ARGreenet' is compared with a similar 'Basic' mobile phone game for recycling. Thirty eight children aged from 8 to 13 years of age participated in this study. To quantify aspects of the utility and effectiveness of the games, the children answered questionnaires both before and after using each game. Aspects examined included the level of engagement and fun of each game, the ease of use and perceived value of each game, and the perceived learning about recycling. We report a positive change in intended behavior with both games. The results suggest that playing both games is likely to have a positive influence in changing participants' recycling behaviour. These preliminary results also suggest that the mobile phone is potentially a good platform for not only learning about recycling but also influencing people to change their behaviour. A majority of the participants expressed a preference for ARGreenet game. They perceived it as easy to use and more engaging and fun than the BasicGreenet game.

Juang, C-F, Chang, Y-C, Hsu, C-H & Chung, I-F 1970, 'Fuzzy controller design using group-crossover particle swarm optimization for truck reversing control', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE 2011), 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE, pp. 2664-2667.
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Jupp, JR 1970, 'DECISION PROCESSES IN ENGINEERING DESIGN: A NETWORK PERSPECTIVE OF STAKEHOLDER AND TASK INTERACTION', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING DESIGN (ICED 11): IMPACTING SOCIETY THROUGH ENGINEERING DESIGN, VOL 9: DESIGN METHODS AND TOOLS, PT 1, International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED), The Design Society, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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In recent years, there has been significant attention given to developing decision support methods and tools for engineering design. While advances in the formal, mathematical modeling and statistical mechanics based models have been impressive, this has not been the case for research attempting to reach beyond normative models to examine the cognitive and social factors that influence decision-making. In general advances have provided for either a top-down or bottom-up approach to decision-making; ignoring the requirements for both participant and task connectedness and dependencies. This paper describes an integrated modeling framework that uses a multi-network perspective of decision-making. The utility and extensibility of this framework are considered in discussion by way of examples from construction engineering design.

Juszczyszyn, K, Budka, M & Musial, K 1970, 'The Dynamic Structural Patterns of Social Networks Based on Triad Transitions', 2011 International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, 2011 International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM 2011), IEEE, Kaohsiung, TAIWAN, pp. 581-586.
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Juszczyszyn, K, Musial, K & Budka, M 1970, 'Link Prediction Based on Subgraph Evolution in Dynamic Social Networks', 2011 IEEE Third Int'l Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust and 2011 IEEE Third Int'l Conference on Social Computing, 2011 IEEE Third Int'l Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust (PASSAT) / 2011 IEEE Third Int'l Conference on Social Computing (SocialCom), IEEE, pp. 27-34.
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We propose a new method for characterizing the dynamics of complex networks with its application to the link prediction problem. Our approach is based on the discovery of network subgraphs (in this study: triads of nodes) and measuring their transitions during network evolution. We define the Triad Transition Matrix (TTM) containing the probabilities of transitions between triads found in the network, then we show how it can help to discover and quantify the dynamic patterns of network evolution. We also propose the application of TTM to link prediction with an algorithm (called TTM-predictor) which shows good performance, especially for sparse networks analyzed in short time scales. The future applications and research directions of our approach are also proposed and discussed. © 2011 IEEE.

Kamyabpour, N & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Modeling overall energy consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks', The 11th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, IEEE Computer Society, Wuhan China, pp. 273-279.
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Minimizing the energy consumption of a wireless sensor network application iscrucial for effective realization of the intended application in terms of cost,lifetime, and functionality. However, the minimizing task is hardly possible asno overall energy cost function is available for optimization. Optimizing aspecific component of the total energy cost does not help in reducing the totalenergy cost as this reduction may be negated by an increase in the energyconsumption of other components of the application. Recently we proposedHierarchy Energy Driven Architecture as a robust architecture that takes intoaccount all principal energy constituents of wireless sensor networkapplications. Based on the proposed architecture, this paper presents a singleoverall model and proposes a feasible formulation to express the overall energyconsumption of a generic wireless sensor network application in terms of itsenergy constituents. The formulation offers a concrete expression forevaluating the performance of a wireless sensor network application, optimizingits constituent's operations, and designing more energy-efficient applications.The paper also presents simulation results to demonstrate the feasibility ofour model and energy formulation

Kang, K & Kovacevic, L 1970, 'Culture, Emotion and Trust in E-commerce', 17th IBIMA (International Business Information Management Association) Conference Innovation and Knowledge Management: A global competitive advantage, International Business Information Management, IBIMA publishing, Milan, Italy, pp. 392-403.
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This paper explores the effect of culture on the emotions invoked when different web sites are viewed and the perception that website's trustworthiness. Traditionally, researchers in the human computer interaction (HCI) field have focused on task-orientated usability, cmmitted to improving efficiency. Eventually the importance of other aspects of technology use was recognized, one of which were emotions, all grouped under the umbrella term - user experience. Numerous studies show that culture has an influence on the user's perception of usability and interface preferences. Seeing this relationship between culture and usabilty, one between culture and user experience remains to be explored. A survey was conducted as part of the methodology, where two cultural groups, Bosnians and the Chineese participated, with the aim of capturing differences and similarities, in the perceptions of different classes of websites. The different types used were flash-based, text-dominated, combination of text and graphics, graphic-intensive and virtual reality. Two samples were culture-specific and the rest either Australian or American. The study reveals similarities and differences beteen the two cultural groups examined. Each cultural group rendered both positive and negative emotional responces from the survey and their perceptions of the trustworthiness also varied.

Kang, K & Kovacevic, L 1970, 'Culture, emotion and trust on websites', Creating Global Competitive Economies: A 360-Degree Approach - Proceedings of the 17th International Business Information Management Association Conference, IBIMA 2011, International Business Information Management, pp. 392-403.
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This paper explores the effect of culture on the emotions invoked when different web sites are viewed and the perception of that website's trustworthiness. Traditionally, researchers in the human computer interaction (HCI) field have focused on task-oriented usability, committed to improving efficiency. Eventually, the importance of other aspects of technology use was recognized, one of which were emotions, all grouped under the umbrella term - user experience. Numerous studies show that culture has an influence on the user's perception of usability and interface preferences. Seeing this relationship between culture and usability, one between culture and user experience remains to be explored. A survey was conducted as part of the methodology, where two cultural groups, Bosnians and the Chinese participated, with the aim of capturing differences and similarities in the perceptions of different classes of websites. The different types used were flash-based, text-dominated, combination of text and graphics, graphic-intensive and virtual reality. Two samples were culture-specific and the rest either Australian or American. The study reveals the similarities and differences between the two cultural groups examined. Each cultural group rendered both positive and negative emotional responses from the survey and their perceptions of trustworthiness also varied.

Kankanamge, K, Kularatna, N & Steyn-Ross, A 1970, 'Laplace transform &#x2014; Based theoretical foundations and experimental validation &#x2014; Low frequency supercapacitor circulation technique for efficiency improvements in linear regulators', IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE, pp. 4113-4118.
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Kassenaar, P, Bredies, K & van den Hoven, E 1970, 'Designing for utilization: Putting design principles into practice', Proceedings of the Nordes '11: The 4th Nordic Design Research Conference MAKING DESIGN MATTER!, Nordic Design Research Conference, School of Art and Design, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland, pp. 324-329.
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Designers do not only create usable products for a predefined purpose, but also to explore new materials and technologies. In doing so, they should not restrict themselves to existing conventions, but develop new ones out of the medium at hand. These new interface forms should encourage users to appropriate an object for their own purposes - i.e. utilize it. In this paper, we will describe the development of a fabric interface prototype that should exploit the material and encourage utilization of the interface. We discuss how our theoretical perspective was translated into a concrete design, and how appropriate we judge it for utilization. We conclude that design without final goal is surprisingly hard to do, but can show the value of the medium used.

Kaur, P, Goyal, ML & Lu, J 1970, 'Data mining driven agents for predicting online auction's end price.', CIDM, IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Data Mining, IEEE, Paris, France, pp. 141-147.
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Abstract Auctions can be characterized by distinct nature of their feature space. This feature space may include opening price, closing price, average bid rate, bid history, seller and buyer reputation, number of bids and many more. In this paper, a clustering based method is used to forecast the end-price of an online auction for autonomous agent based system. In the proposed model, the input auction space is partitioned into groups of similar auctions by kmeans clustering algorithm. The recurrent problem of finding the value of k in k-means algorithm is solved by employing elbow method using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then k numbers of regression models are employed to estimate the forecasted price of an online auction. Based on the transformed data after clustering and the characteristics of the current auction, bid selector nominates the regression model for the current auction whose price is to be forecasted. Our results show the improvements in the end price prediction for each cluster which support in favor of the proposed clustering based model for the bid prediction in the online auction environment.

Kazemi, R, Vesilo, R & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'A Novel Genetic-Fuzzy Power Controller with Feedback for Interference Mitigation in Wireless Body Area Networks', 2011 IEEE 73rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2011 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2011-Spring), IEEE, Yokohama, Japan, pp. 1-5.
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Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are an emerging technology for short-range wireless communication inside, on or around the human body, mainly for medical applications. A WBAN's scarcest resource is power. Due to the mobility of WBANs as well as the limited number of available channels, signals of neighboring WBANs can cause interference that may severely degrade the reliability and performance of the system and lead to more power consumption. In this paper, we propose a fast converging fuzzy power controller (FPC) with feedback whose inputs are the current interference power level, Signal-to-Interference-and-Noise (SINR) and the current transmission power level to provide interference mitigation in WBANs. We utilize a genetic algorithm to design and optimize the FPC to simultaneously maximize capacity, minimize power consumption and minimize convergence time. We compare the performance of the proposed approach with two game-theory power control approaches. Our simulation results show that compared to these other approaches, the proposed FPC provides a substantial saving in power consumption as well as quick convergence that is independent of the number of nodes in the system, while sacrificing only a small amount of capacity. © 2011 IEEE.

Kazemi, R, Vesilo, R, Dutkiewicz, E & Ren Liu 1970, 'Dynamic power control in Wireless Body Area Networks using reinforcement learning with approximation', 2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC 2011), IEEE, Toronto, ON, Canada, pp. 2203-2208.
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A Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is made up of multiple tiny physiological sensors implanted in/on the human body with each sensor equipped with a wireless transceiver that communicates to a coordinator in a star topology. Energy is the scarcest resource in WBANs. Power control mechanisms to achieve a certain level of utility while using as little power for transmission as possible can play an important role in reducing energy consumption in such very energy-constrained networks. In this paper, we propose a novel power controller to mitigate internetwork interference in WBANs and increase the maximum achievable throughput with the minimum energy consumption. The proposed power controller employs reinforcement learning with approximation to learn from the environment and improve its performance. We compare the performance of the proposed controller to two other power controllers, one based on game theory and the other one based on fuzzy logic. Simulation results show that compared to the other two approaches, RLPC provides a substantial saving in energy consumption per bit, with a substantial increase in network lifetime. © 2011 IEEE.

Kazienko, P, Kukla, E, Musial, K, Kajdanowicz, T, Bródka, P & Gaworecki, J 1970, 'A Generic Model for a Multidimensional Temporal Social Network', E-TECHNOLOGIES AND NETWORKS FOR DEVELOPMENT, 1st International Conference on e-Technologies and Networks for Development (ICeND 2011), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Inst Finance Management, Dar es Salaam, TANZANIA, pp. 1-14.
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Kazienko, P, Musial, K, Kukla, E, Kajdanowicz, T & Bródka, P 1970, 'Multidimensional Social Network: Model and Analysis', COMPUTATIONAL COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS, PT I, 3rd International Conference on Computational Collective Intelligence (ICCCI 2011), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Gdynia Maritime Univ, Gdynia, POLAND, pp. 378-387.
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Keith, KW & Anne, AG 1970, 'Want to change learning culture: Provide the opportunity', Research in Engineering Education Symposium 2011 Rees 2011, Research in Engineering Education Symposium, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain, Madrid, Spain, pp. 259-267.
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Many students resist having to take responsibility for their own learning rather expecting this to be the responsibility of their teaching academics. This resistance is often associated with Asian cultures where there is a perception of a reliance on rote learning and passively being taught. Furthermore, undertaking collaborative activities may be more difficult when students are not being taught in their primary language. While teaching an undergraduate engineering science program in Hong Kong the authors had initially found it difficult to motivate students to actively participate in their learning. In response, learning activities were redesigned to promote a culture of learning rather than a focus on passing a series of assessments. We found that despite some initial apprehension students enthusiastically engaged in collaborative learning when given the opportunity. Furthermore, formative activities freed students from the burden of strategically collecting marks, allowing them to focus on learning, enjoy the activities and take responsibility for their own progress.

Keshavarz, R, Danaeian, M, Movahhedi, M & Hakimi, A 1970, 'A compact dual-band branch-line coupler based on the interdigital transmission line', 2011 19th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering Icee 2011.
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A dual-band (DB) microstrip branch-line coupler with quadrature phase difference based on the interdigital transmission line (TL) is presented. Interdigital TLs are realized by cascading interdigital capacitors (cells of the structure) in series. The design procedure to reach the dual-band interdigital transmission lines at two arbitrary frequencies is presented. Dual-band operation for branch-line coupler is achieved by implementing the interdigital TLs with 3 cells in each branch to provide a phase of -90° at the lower operation frequency band (2GHz) and 270° phase shift at the upper frequency band (3GHz). Branches length is approximately 0.8 Γg and as compared to the conventional DB composite right/left handed (CRLH) branch-line couplers, the proposed structure achieves smaller dimension. Also, simulation results show that the dual-band proposed coupler exhibits an amplitude balance of ±2 dB from 1.9 GHz to 2.2 GHz in the lower band and from 2.8 GHz to 3.2 GHz in the upper band. Moreover, at mentioned frequency bands, the phase difference between the coupled and through ports is 90°±10°. © 2011 AmirKabir Univ of Tech.

Keshavarz, R, Movahhedi, M & Hakimi, A 1970, 'A compact and broadband backward coupler with high coupling-level based on composite right/left-handed transmission line', 2011 19th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering Icee 2011.
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Based on composite right/left handed (CRLH) transmission lines (TLs) we propose a backward coupled-line coupler characterized by reduced size and enhanced bandwidth with respect to many other CRLH coupled-line couplers which have been introduced. This symmetric microstrip coupler with quadrature phase difference has also higher coupling-level and wider bandwidth than conventional coupled-line couplers. The proposed CRLH coupled-line coupler has been realized only by conventional TL and grounded stubs without series capacitor (e.g. interdigital capacitor). The design procedure to reach the coupler with predefined coupling-level and characteristic impedance of its ports is clearly presented. The design prototype is a 3-dB microstrip coupler with 0.2 mm spacing between coupled lines over a wide bandwidth of 60% from 2.2 GHz to 4.1 GHz (amplitude balance of 2 dB) centered at 3 GHz. The coupled-line length of the proposed structure is approximately λg/4. To characterize this structure an equivalent circuit model also has been established. Good agreement between the full-wave simulation and equivalent circuit model has been achieved and the effectiveness of the proposed equivalent circuit model is verified. © 2011 AmirKabir Univ of Tech.

Keshavarzi, A & Ball, J 1970, 'Transition Probability of the Coherent Turbulent Flow around a Circular Bridge Pier', World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011, World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011, American Society of Civil Engineers, Palm Springs, California, USA, pp. 2478-2487.
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The coherent structure of flow around a single circular bridge pier and its effects on bed scouring pattern is investigated in this study. The bursting events and associated shear stresses play a major role in sediment entrainment from the bed and in particular around a bridge pier. In this study, the three-dimensional velocity of flow was measured at 102 points near the bed of an open channel using Acoustic Doppler Velocity meter (Micro-ADV). The pattern of scouring and bed profile was measured during the experimental test. The three-dimensional analyse of bursting process and Markov process was applied to the velocity data to find the sequential occurrence of bursting events and to recognize the transition probability of internal and external sweep events. The results showed that external sweep event was very effective mechanism for sediment entrainment close around a single circular bridge. © 2011 ASCE.

Keshavarzi, A, Gholamreza, M & Ball, JE 1970, 'Stochastic modelling of bursting process at threshold conditions', 34th IAHR Congress 2011 - Balance and Uncertainty: Water in a Changing World, Incorporating the 33rd Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium and the 10th Conference on Hydraulics in Water Engineering, Congress of IAHR, the International Association of Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research, Engineers Australia, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 3553-3560.
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In this paper, a stochastic model for analysis of the occurrence of bursting events and entrainment of sediment particles from the bed at the threshold of sediment motion is presented. This study focused on the modeling of turbulent bursts (i.e., the cycle of sweeps, ejections, and inward and outward interactions). From the collected experimental data, a transition probability is presented using Markov process. Using this information about bursting events, a Markov model is presented for the incipient motion of sediment particles. Validation of this model for particle motion was obtained using an image processing technique. Good agreement was found between the predicted number of entrained sediment particles and the observed numbers of particles.

Kha, HH, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, HH 1970, 'Fast Local D.C. Programming for Optimal Power Allocation in Wireless Networks', 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011, 2011 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2011), IEEE, Kathmandu, Nepal, pp. 1-5.
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Power allocations in an interference-limited wireless network for global maximization of the weighted sum throughput or global maximization of the minimum rate among network links are not only important but also very hard optimization problems due to their nonconvexity nature. Recently developed methods are either unable to locate the global optimal solutions or prohibitively complex for practical applications. This paper exploits the d.c. (difference of two convex functions/sets) structure of either the objective function or constraint of the these global optimization problems to develop efficient iterative algorithms with very low complexity. Numerical results demonstrate that the developed algorithms are able to locate the global optimal solutions by only a few iterations and they are superior to the previously-proposed methods in both performance and computation complexity.Recently developed methods are either unable to locate the global optimal solutions or prohibitively complex for practical applications. This paper exploits the d.c. (difference of two convex functions/sets) structure of either the objective function or constraint of the these global optimization problems to develop efficient iterative algorithms with very low complexity. Numerical results demonstrate that the developed algorithms are able to locate the global optimal solutions by only a few iterations and they are superior to the previously-proposed methods in both performance and computation complexity. © 2011 IEEE.

Kha, HH, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, TQ 1970, 'An optimal design of FIR filters with discrete coefficients and image sampling application', 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2011), IEEE, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 93-96.
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The paper proposes a new approach for the design of linear phase finite impulse response (FIR) filters with discrete coefficient values. This problem is a very hard combinatoric discrete optimization, which results in the prohibitive computational complexity for solution. In this paper, we first explicitly express the discrete coefficients of filters as indefinite quadratic but continuous constraints. We then develop an efficient iterative algorithm to tackle the nonconvex optimization problem to locate optimal discrete filter coefficients. By numerical simulation results, we show that our proposed method significantly outperform the methods using quantized coefficients of filters. We also provide an image sampling application to illustrate the performance of our designed filters. © 2011 IEEE.

Khalilpour, R & Abbas, A 1970, 'Integrated design and dynamic operation of solventbased PCC processes', 1st Annual World Congress on Sustainable Engineering 2011 - Topical Conference at the 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting, pp. 286-287.
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Despite notable developments in solvent-based Post-combustion Carbon Capture (PCC) processes, the implementation of this technology in a power plant still burdens notable energy penalty mainly due to solvent regeneration. The energy penalty though varies by the type of power plant and by different techno-economic studies, is estimated to be above 20% (Khalilpour and Abbas, 2011). This results in serious reduction in power plant load. One of the ways for power plants to reduce the profit loss, due to reduction of power load, is to schedule their carbon capture process. Considering the fact that the legal carbon capture requirements will be annual-based, a power plant would be able o choose to operate its PCC process in full capacity when the market electricity price is not high (e.g. Off-peak). Contrarily, at a time with high electricity demand, the PCC process can be ramped down (or maybe shut-down) to allow maximum power generation. This strategy is very important for societies with liberated electricity markets. In a monopoly electricity market, the government is usually responsible for investment in power plants and for satisfying the society electricity demands. In such condition, the load plan of power plants is defined by regional demand. Contrarily, in a liberated electricity market, such as in Australia, power plant operators plan their loading based on market price. This means that a combination of various factors such as weather temperature, working-day/holiday and others results in different demand and defines market electricity price (usually at every 30-minute interval). Consequently, the wholesale electricity price shows high volatility. Therefore, it is vital and economically attractive to study the dynamic behavior of power plants integrated with PCC process. This can allow power operators to analyze the complicacy of decision-making and load scheduling in tomorrow's power plants. In this study we present our recent simulation study of a...

Khalilpour, R & Abbas, A 1970, 'Membrane carbon capture and the critical role of process system engineering', 1st Annual World Congress on Sustainable Engineering 2011 - Topical Conference at the 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting, pp. 587-588.

Khan, L, Pechenizkiy, M, Zliobaite, I, Agrawal, C, Bifet, A, Delany, SJ, Dries, A, Fan, W, Gabrys, B, Gama, J, Gao, J, Gopalkrishnan, V, Holmes, G, Katakis, I, Kuncheva, L, Van Leeuwen, M, Masud, M, Menasalvas, E, Minku, L, Pfahringer, B, Polikar, R, Rodrigues, PP, Tsoumakas, G & Tsymbal, A 1970, 'Preface to the Handling Concept Drift and Reoccurring Contexts in Adaptive Information Systems Workshop', 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Data Mining Workshops, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), IEEE, pp. xxxvi-xxxvii.
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Khan, MA, Lu, J & Mehmood, MA 1970, 'Utility-Based Analytical Model for Representing User QoE', WIRED/WIRELESS INTERNET COMMUNICATIONS, 9th IFIP International Conference on Wired/Wireless Internet Communications (WWIC), SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, SPAIN, Tech Univ Catalonia, Adv Network Architectures Lab (CRAAX), Vilanova i la Geltru, pp. 323-337.

Khan, MAY & Veitch, D 1970, 'SmartRate: A new dynamic rate adaptation algorithm for 802.11 wireless networks', 2011 IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, 2011 IEEE International Symposium on 'A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks' (WoWMoM), IEEE, Lucca, Italy, pp. 1-10.
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Traditional rate adaptation algorithms (RAAs) suffer under congested scenarios as they are unable to differentiate between packet errors due to poor physical channel conditions, from those due to collisions arising from contention for the channel. This degrades the rate selection which results in a dramatic loss of throughput both for individual users and the system. This paper presents `SmartRate', a throughput and packet size aware, passive measurement based, clientside RAA. It employs 802.11 MAC fragmentation for physical PER isolation, and employs a dynamic sampling regime to collect per-rate statistics. It uses a novel RSSI based volatility adaptivity mechanism to fine tune various parameters of the algorithm under different channel conditions (stationary or mobile). We compare SmartRate against SampleRate and AMRR in our wireless testbed and show that SmartRate outperforms them in single and multi-user cases.

Khan, MK, Pardede, E, Li, S & Yu, S 1970, 'Message from EPS 2011 Symposium Chairs', 2011 IFIP 9th International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, 2011 IEEE/IFIP 9th International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC), IEEE, pp. xxi-xxi.
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Khromova, I, Gonzalo, R, Ederra, I, Esselle, K & Teniente, J 1970, 'All-dielectric woodpile horn antennas', 2011 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference, Propagation Conference (LAPC), IEEE, pp. 1-3.
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This paper is devoted to EBG horn antennas. This novel type of all-dielectric horn antennas is based on complex hollow defects in woodpile structures and can be used for creating compact arrays and provide a promising solution for millimeter and terahertz devices. A novel concept of feeding EBG horn antennas via evanescent fields existing in periodic structures is presented. The principle of creating all-dielectric pyramidal horn antennas based on woodpile structure with hollow defects is proposed. Different horn antennas based on woodpile structures and characterized by large operating bandwidths and high levels of directivity and efficiency were designed, fabricated and measured. © 2011 IEEE.

Khromova, I, Gonzalo, R, Ederra, I, Teniente, J, Esselle, K & De Hon, P 1970, 'Novel all-dielectric mm-wave horn antennas based on EBG structures', Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2011, pp. 2959-2961.
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This paper presents two types of novel horn antennas realized as defects in EBG structures. A concept evanescent feeding of EBG horn antennas is introduced. An evanescently-fed EBG horn antenna operating in F band was designed and its Ku band scaled-up prototype was fabricated and measured. A solution for creating pyramidal EBG horn antennas with symmetrical radiation pattern in both E- and H-planes is introduced. A design of pyramidal horn antenna operating in F band is presented. © 2011 EurAAP.

Khushaba, RN, Kodagoda, S, Lal, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Intelligent driver drowsiness detection system using Uncorrelated Fuzzy Locality Preserving Analysis', 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2011), IEEE, pp. 4608-4614.
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Khushaba, RN, Kodagoda, S, Lal, S, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Intelligent Driver Drowsiness Detection System Using Uncorrelated Fuzzy Locality Preserving Analysis', 2011 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, San Francisco, USA, pp. 4608-4614.
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One of the leading causes of automobile accidents is related to driving impairment due to drowsiness. A large percentage of these accidents occur due to drivers' unawareness of the degree of impairment. An automatic detection of drowsiness levels could lead to lower accidents and hence lower fatalities. However, the significant fluctuations of the drowsiness state within a short time poses a major challenge in this problem. In response to such a challenge, we present the Uncorrelated Fuzzy Locality Preserving Analysis (UFLPA) feature projection method. The proposed UFLPA utilizes the changes in driver behavior, by means of the corresponding Electroencephalogram (EEG), Electrooculogram (EOG), and Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals to extract a set of features that can highly discriminate between the different drowsiness levels. Unlike existing methods, the proposed UFLPA takes into consideration the fuzzy nature of the input measurements while preserving the local discriminant and manifold structures of the data. Additionally, UFLPA also utilizes Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to avoid the singularity problem and produce a set of uncorrelated features. Experiments were performed on datasets collected from thirty-one subjects participating in a simulation driving test with practical results indicating the significance of the results achieved by UFLPA of 94%â95% accuracy on average across all subjects.

Khushaba, RN, Kodagoda, S, Liu, D & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Electromyogram (EMG) based fingers movement recognition using Neighborhood Preserving Analysis with QR-decomposition', 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), IEEE, Adelaide - Australia, pp. 1-6.
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Surface Electromyogram (EMG) signals recorded from an amputee's residual muscles have been investigated as a source of control for prosthetic devices for many years. Despite the extensive research focus on the EMG control of arm and gross hand movements, more dexterous individual and combined prosthetic fingers control has not received the same amount of attention. To facilitate such a control scheme, the first and the most significant step is the extraction of a set of highly discriminative feature set that can well separate between the different fingers movements and to do so in a computationally efficient manner. In this paper, an accurate and efficient feature projection method based on Fuzzy Neighborhood Preserving Analysis (FNPA) with QR-decomposition, is proposed and denoted as FNPA. Unlike existing attempts in fuzzy linear discriminant analysis, the objective of the proposed FNPA is to minimize the distance between samples that belong to the same class and maximize the distance between the centers of different classes, while taking into account the contribution of the samples to the different classes. The method also aims to efficiently overcome the singularity problems of classical LDA and Fuzzy LDA. The proposed FNPA is validated on EMG datasets collected from nine subjects performing 10 classes of individual and combined fingers movements. Practical results indicate the significance of FNPA in comparison to many other feature projection methods with an average accuracy of 91%, using only two EMG electrodes. © 2011 IEEE.

Ki, S-K & Lu, DD-C 1970, 'A transformerless single-stage AC/DC converter with low output voltage', 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), IEEE, Phoenix, AZ, USA, pp. 3458-3465.
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This paper presents a novel tranformerless single-stage AC/DC converter suitable for universal line applications (90-270 Vrms). The topology integrates a buck power factor correction (PFC) cell with a buck-boost DC/DC cell and couples part of input power to the output directly. The proposed converter achieves efficient power conversion, sustainable power factor capability, low voltage stress on intermediate bus (less than 130V) and low output voltage. The absence of transformer reduces the component counts and cost of the converter. In addition, the main switch only handles the peak current of DC/DC cell rather than the superposition of both induction currents in two cells. Detailed analysis and design procedures of the proposed circuit are given and verified with the experiment. © 2011 IEEE.

Kimman, F, Weda, H, van den Hoven, E, de Zeeuw, T, Luitjens, S & ACM 1970, 'Spinning in Control: Design Exploration of a Cross-Device Remote', TEI 2011: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TANGIBLE EMBEDDED AND EMBODIED INTERACTION, Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction, ACM, Funchal, Portugal, pp. 189-192.
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You buy a new TV and get a new remote, you buy a DVD player and you get another remote, you buy a sound system and guess what? Almost every digital media product comes with its own designated remote control (RC). What would happen if one remote adapts to the owner's activities and is able to have cross-device control? In this paper we describe a design exploration conducted to create new ways to interact with digital media products. The main ingredients are: fit for a social setting, portable, and including physical interaction. The result is an exploration of a button less single-hand remote control concept.

King, EA, Parnell, J & O'Malley, VP 1970, 'The assessment and control of road traffic noise: A comparison between Irish and Australian policy', Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics, pp. 1105-1112.
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To address the problem of environmental noise, the European Commission issued Directive 2002/49/EC which requires relevant authorities to prepare strategic noise maps and action plans. While the Directive has had a significant impact on EU Member States, outside of Europe it has had no discernable impact. This paper presents a review of the approach adapted in Ireland to the management of road traffic noise and compares it to current practices in Australia; with particular emphasis on New South Wales, i.e. we compare the approaches on an EU Member State (Ireland) with a non-EU State (Australia). In Ireland, the National Roads Authority (NRA) has been defined as a noise mapping body charged with the responsibility of preparing strategic noise maps for the national road network in accordance with the Directive. Subsequent to the transposition of the Directive, the NRA issued guidelines on the treatment of noise for national road schemes in 2004. In Australia, the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) recently released its updated Road Noise Policy document outlining a policy for acceptable road traffic noise limits. This paper summarizes the strategies adopted by both jurisdictions and lessons learnt from each approach are explored, leading to suggestions for potential improvements to the current noise assessment and control strategies of both States.

King, I, Hawryszkiewycz, I, Chen, J, Lawson, S, Agarwal, N & Yang, LT 1970, 'Message from SCA 2011 Chairs', 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, 2011 IEEE 9th International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing (DASC), IEEE, pp. xxxviii-xxxix.
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Kirchner, N, Alempijevic, A & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Nonverbal robot-group interaction using an imitated gaze cue', Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Human-robot interaction, HRI'11: International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, ACM, Lausanne, Switzerland, pp. 497-504.
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Ensuring that a particular and unsuspecting member of a group is the recipient of a salient-item hand-over is a complicated interaction. The robot must effectively, expediently and reliably communicate its intentions to advert any tendency within the group towards antinormative behaviour. In this paper, we study how a robot can establish the participant roles of such an interaction using imitated social and contextual cues. We designed two gaze cues, the first was designed to discourage antinormative behaviour through individualising a particular member of the group and the other to the contrary. We designed and conducted a feld experiment (456 participants in 64 trials) in which small groups of people (between 3 and 20 people) assembled in front of the robot, which then attempted to pass a salient object to a particular group member by presenting a physical cue, followed by one of two variations of a gaze cue. Our re-sults showed that presenting the individualising cue had a significant (z=3.733, p=0.0002 ) effect on the robot's ability to ensure that an arbitrary group member did not take the salient object and that the selected participant did.

Kitoko, V, Nguyen, TN, Nguyen, JS, Tran, Y, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Performance of Dry electrode with Bristle in Recording EEG rhythms across Brain State Changes', 2011 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, USA, pp. 59-62.
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In this paper we evaluate the physiological performance of a silver-silver chloride dry electrode with bristle (B-Electrode) in recording EEG data. For this purpose, we compare the performance of the bristle electrode in recording EEG data with the standard wet gold-plated cup electrode (G-Electrode) using two different brain state change tasks including resting condition with eyes-closed and performing mathematical task with eyes-open. Using a 2 channel recording device, eyes-closed command data were collected from each of 6 participants for a period of 20sec and the same procedure was applied for the mathematical calculation task. These data were used for statistical and classification analyse. Although, B-electrode has shown a slightly higher performance compared with G-electrode in both tasks, but analyse did not reveal any significant differences between both electrodes in all six subjects tested.

Knoll, A, Wang, Y, Chen, F, Xu, J, Ruiz, N, Epps, J & Zarjam, P 1970, 'Measuring Cognitive Workload with Low-Cost Electroencephalograph', HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION - INTERACT 2011, PT IV, 13th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Lisbon, PORTUGAL, pp. 568-571.
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Ko, L-W, Wei, C-S, Chen, S-A & Lin, C-T 1970, 'EEG-Based Motion Sickness Estimation Using Principal Component Regression', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Shanghai, China, pp. 717-724.
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Driver's cognitive state monitoring system has been implicated as a causal factor for the safety driving issue, especially when the driver fell asleep or distracted in driving. However, the limitation in developing this system is lack of a major indicator which can be applied to a realistic application. In our past studies, we investigated the physiological changes in the transition of driver's cognitive state by using EEG power spectrum analysis and found that the features in the occipital area were highly correlated with the driver's driving performance. In this study, we construct an EEG-based self-constructed neural fuzzy system to estimate the driver's cognitive state by using the EEG features from the occipital area. Experimental results show that the proposed system had the better performance than other neural networks. Moreover, the proposed system can not only be limited to apply to individual subjects but also sufficiently works in between subjects. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Ko, L-W, Wei, C-S, Jung, T-P & Lin, C-T 1970, 'Estimating the Level of Motion Sickness Based on EEG Spectra', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Orlando, Florida, USA, pp. 169-176.
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Motion sickness (MS) is a normal response to real, perceived, or even anticipated movement. People tend to get motion sickness on a moving boat, train, airplane, car, or amusement park rides. Although many motion sickness-related biomarkers have been identified, but how to estimate human's motion sickness level (MSL) is a big challenge in the operational environment. Traditionally, questionnaire and physical check are the common ways to passively evaluate subject's sickness level. Our past studies had investigated the EEG activities correlated with motion sickness in a virtual-reality based driving simulator. The driving simulator comprised an actual automobile mounted on a Stewart motion platform with six degrees of freedom, providing both visual and vestibular stimulations to induce motion-sickness in a manner that is close to that in daily life. EEG data were acquired at a sampling rate of 500 Hz using a 32-channel EEG system. The acquired EEG signals were analyzed using independent component analysis (ICA) and time-frequency analysis to assess EEG correlates of motion sickness. Subject's degree of motion-sickness was simultaneously and continuously reported using an onsite joystick, providing non-stop psychophysical references to the recorded EEG changes. We found that the parietal, motor, occipital brain regions exhibited significant EEG power changes in response to vestibular and visual stimuli. Based on these findings and experimental results, this study aims to develop an EEG-based system to estimate subject's motion sickness level upon the EEG power spectra from motion-sickness related brain areas. The MS evaluation system can be applied to early detection of the subject's motion sickness and prevent its uncomfortable syndromes in our daily life. Furthermore, the experiment results could also lead to a practical human-machine interface for noninvasive monitoring of motion sickness of drivers or passengers in real-world environments. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Kreit, A, Castel, A, Francois, R & Al-Mahmoud, F 1970, 'Behaviour of damaged RC beams repaired with NSM CFRP rods', Concrc - Proceedings of Concrete Solutions, 4th International Conference on Concrete Repair, 4th International Conference on Concrete Repair, CRC Press, Dresden, GERMANY, pp. 705-716.
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The deterioration of reinforced concrete RC structures due to continual upgrading of service loads has resulted in a large number of structures that need repair. In this paper, an experimental program presented studies the possibility of using a Near Surface Mounted (NSM) CFRP rod to repair RC beams damaged by overloading. Several beam specimens were built. Some specimens were repaired after preloading condition and the other ones were repaired under sustained load. One beam specimens were strengthened by composite rods before loading. The main goal of this work is to investigate the influence of initial load and sustained load on flexural behaviour of RC beams repaired with an NSM CFRP rod system. The main experimental parameters include different levels of damage and sustained load. Test results in the current study show that the maximum load-carrying capacity of repaired beams at different levels of sustained load generally performed very close to that of the initially strengthened beam. Beams repaired at higher levels of sustained load failed by crushing of concrete, because there is an important level of compression strain in concrete due to sustained load. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group.

Kularatna, N, Fernando, J, Kankanamge, K & Zhang, X 1970, 'A low frequency supercapacitor circulation technique to improve the efficiency of linear regulators based on LDO ICs', 2011 Twenty-Sixth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2011 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC 2011, IEEE, pp. 1161-1165.
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Kulkarni, VV, Biswas, J, Liu, RP, Collings, IB & Jha, SK 1970, 'Robust Power Allocation for MIMO Beamforming under Time Varying Channel Conditions', 2011 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall), 2011 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall), IEEE, San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 1-5.
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We consider the downlink transmit power allocation problems in multi-user MIMO wireless networks using zeroforcing beamforming. Traditionally such problems are solved by water-filling algorithm under the assumption of perfect channel knowledge. However when channel information is not known a priori or time varying the water-filling solution is shown to be unstable. We use the sliding mode control theory to synthesize the transmit powers so that the target SINR requirements of all users are met. We synthesize the sliding mode controller for the case of zero-forcing beamforming. The synthesis problem is solved under time varying Rayleigh fading channel conditions. Our solutions and simulation results show that our sliding mode controller is stable and delivers better quality of service under practical channel conditions. © 2011 IEEE.

Kuo, V, Fitch, R & IEEE 1970, 'A Multi-Radio Architecture for Neighbor-to-Neighbor Communication in Modular Robots', 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 5387-5394.
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Decentralized control of modular robots requires reliable inter-module communication. Communication links must tolerate module misalignment and implement the neighbor-to-neighbor communication model. We propose a wireless system based on multiple radios per module that addresses these challenges. Our system scales to large robots because available bandwidth is independent of the number of modules. In this paper, we present our multi-radio singlechannel architecture and validate its performance through hardware experiments. Results show that radios can provide reliable neighbor-to-neighbor communication suitable for modular robots. © 2011 IEEE.

Kusakunniran, W, Wu, Q, Zhang, J & Li, H 1970, 'Pairwise Shape configuration-based PSA for gait recognition under small viewing angle change', 2011 8th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS), 2011 8th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS), IEEE, Klagenfurt, Austria, pp. 17-22.
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Two main components of Procrustes Shape Analysis (PSA) are adopted and adapted specifically to address gait recognition under small viewing angle change: 1) Procrustes Mean Shape (PMS) for gait signature description; 2) Procrustes Distance (PD) for similarity measurement. Pairwise Shape Configuration (PSC) is proposed as a shape descriptor in place of existing Centroid Shape Configuration (CSC) in conventional PSA. PSC can better tolerate shape change caused by viewing angle change than CSC. Small variation of viewing angle makes large impact only on global gait appearance. Without major impact on local spatio-temporal motion, PSC which effectively embeds local shape information can generate robust view-invariant gait feature. To enhance gait recognition performance, a novel boundary re-sampling process is proposed. It provides only necessary re-sampled points to PSC description. In the meantime, it efficiently solves problems of boundary point correspondence, boundary normalization and boundary smoothness. This re-sampling process adopts prior knowledge of body pose structure. Comprehensive experiment is carried out on the CASIA gait database. The proposed method is shown to significantly improve performance of gait recognition under small viewing angle change without additional requirements of supervised learning, known viewing angle and multi-camera system, when compared with other methods in literatures. © 2011 IEEE.

Kusakunniran, W, Wu, Q, Zhang, J & Li, H 1970, 'Speed-invariant gait recognition based on Procrustes Shape Analysis using higher-order shape configuration', 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2011), IEEE, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 545-548.
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Walking speed change is considered a typical challenge hindering reliable human gait recognition. This paper proposes a novel method to extract speed-invariant gait feature based on Procrustes Shape Analysis (PSA). Two major components of PSA, i.e., Procrustes Mean Shape (PMS) and Procrustes Distance (PD), are adopted and adapted specifically for the purpose of speed-invariant gait recognition. One of our major contributions in this work is that, instead of using conventional Centroid Shape Configuration (CSC) which is not suitable to describe individual gait when body shape changes particularly due to change of walking speed, we propose a new descriptor named Higher-order derivative Shape Configuration (HSC) which can generate robust speed-invariant gait feature. From the first order to the higher order, derivative shape configuration contains gait shape information of different levels. Intuitively, the higher order of derivative is able to describe gait with shape change caused by the larger change of walking speed. Encouraging experimental results show that our proposed method is efficient for speed-invariant gait recognition and evidently outperforms other existing methods in the literatures. © 2011 IEEE.

Kwok, NM, Wang, D, Jia, X, Chen, SY, Fang, G & Ha, QP 1970, 'Gray world based color correction and intensity preservation for image enhancement', 2011 4th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, 2011 4th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP), IEEE, Shanghai China, pp. 994-998.
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Images captured by digital cameras are vulnerable to quality degradations due to non-ideal illumination conditions such as dominated lighting source colors, where images so obtained may not faithfully reproduce the scene chromatics accurately. While it is a complicated process to control the scene illumination, color correction used as a post-processing procedure, is becoming an attractive solution. This research has developed an approach for color correction based on a modified implementation of the gray world assumption. The image color is adjusted by employing a gamma correction to satisfy the gray world assumption and avoid color saturation as encountered in the conventional approach. In order to further improve the image visual quality, an intensity preservation criterion is adopted as an additional means to produce the resultant image. With the normalization of intensity in accordance with the original image, an enhanced image both in color and intensity, is finally obtained. A collection of color images are used in an experiment to verify the proposed algorithm. Results have indicated that the proposed method is effective in producing enhanced images in the context of color enhancements. © 2011 IEEE.

Lai, J, Dutkiewicz, E, Liu, RP & Vesilo, R 1970, 'Joint Admission Control for Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks', Proceedings of the 6th International ICST Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, 6th International ICST Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, IEEE, Osaka, Japan, pp. 276-280.
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This paper studies the performance of admission control in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). We propose a CRN architecture featuring cooperation among several CRNs in the same geographical area. Joint Admission Control (JAC) enables secondary users (SUs) to have access to the combined spectrum pool of the cooperating CRNs. Three joint admission control schemes are investigated and quantitatively analyzed using continuous-time Markov chain analysis. Analytical results reveal new insights that the channel-aware admission control scheme achieves the lowest blocking probability at the expense of communication overhead for obtaining channel usage information in each CRN while the weighted selection scheme obtains the lowest forced termination probability. Moreover, we quantify the gain of cooperation through performance comparison between Joint Admission Control and separate admission control where SUs are restricted to using only one specific CRN. We demonstrate that JAC can achieve significant performance improvement. © 2011 ICST.

Lai, J, Dutkiewicz, E, Liu, RP, Vesilo, R & Fang, G 1970, 'Network selection in cooperative cognitive radio networks', 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications & Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 378-383.
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This paper studies network selection issues in cooperative cognitive radio networks (CRNs) where secondary users (SUs) have access to the combined spectrum pool of cooperating CRNs. Motivated by the service degradation of SUs caused by unnecessary network handover in cooperative CRNs, we formulate the network selection problem as a nonlinear optimization problem to minimize overall SU handover probability. We subsequently propose three network selection schemes and theoretically evaluate their performance using corresponding Markov chain models. Our numerical results indicate that a jointly-optimized network selection scheme which takes into account both the number of free channels and the traffic intensity of primary users in each CRN obtains the lowest probability of SU handover. Furthermore, compared to the random selection scheme, the jointly-optimized network selection scheme achieves significant reduction in SU handover probability while having no negative impact on other performance metrics of secondary users, such as blocking probability, forced termination probability and completion probability. © 2011 IEEE.

Lai, J, Liu, RP, Dutkiewicz, E & Vesilo, R 1970, 'Optimal Channel Reservation in Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks', 2011 IEEE 73rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2011 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2011-Spring), IEEE, Yokohama, Japan, pp. 1-6.
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This paper studies optimal channel reservation in cooperative cognitive radio networks (CRNs) where secondary users (SUs) have access to the combined spectrum pool of cooperating CRNs. Motivated by SU high forced termination in cooperative CRNs, we propose two channel reservation schemes, Fixed Channel Placement Reservation (FCPR) and Dynamic Channel Placement Reservation (DCPR), and theoretically analyze their performances using the Markov chain approach. Our numerical results, validated by simulation, indicate that for a given number of reserved channels, the DCPR algorithm achieves better user experience by reducing the forced termination probability. Based on this analysis, we propose two enhanced reservation algorithms: Algorithm A maximizes the overall capacity of CRNs to enable network operators to increase their revenue; Algorithm B minimizes the user experience cost function to provide better services. © 2011 IEEE.

Lai, JCY, Leung, FHF, Ling, S-H, Shi, EC & IEEE 1970, 'Economic Load Dispatch using Intelligent Optimization with Fuzzy Control', IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ 2011), IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 2219-2224.
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In this paper, Differential Evolution (DE) that incorporates fuzzy control and k-nearest neighbors algorithm is proposed to tackle the economic load dispatch problem. To provide the self-terminating ability, a technique called Iteration Windows (IW) is introduced to govern the number of iteration in each searching stage during the optimization. The size of IW is controlled by a fuzzy controller, which uses the information provided by the k-nearest neighbors system to analyze the population during the searching process. The controller keeps controlling the IW till the end of the searching process. A wavelet based mutation process is embedded in the DE searching process to enhance the searching performance. The weight F of DE is also controlled by the fuzzy controller to further speed up the searching process. The proposed method is employed to solve the Economic Load Dispatch with Valve-Point Loading (ELDVPL) Problem. It is shown empirically that the proposed method can terminate the searching process with a reasonable number of iteration and performs significantly better than the conventional methods in terms of convergence speed and solution quality.

Laird, I & Lu, DDC 1970, 'SPICE steady state modelling of thermoelectric generators involving the Thomson effect', IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 1584-1589.
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During operation thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are subject to the following thermal effects; Heat conduction according to Fourier's law, Joule heating, Peltier heating and Thomson heating. Many SPICE-based models exist for TEGs however in the vast majority of them the Thomson effect is neglected due to its relatively small size compared to the other effects, as well as the complexity that results from including the Thomson effect in the model. This paper seeks to present a model that governs the steady state performance of a TEG that includes the Thomson effect whilst limiting the complexity of the SPICE model. © 2011 IEEE.

Lammers, T, Grussenmeyer, R & Kersten, W 1970, 'Complexity Management in Distribution Networks – Reviewing Current Approaches', Poznan University of Technology, Poland, pp. 9-25.

Lawrence, E, Navarro, KF, Marin, JAG & Sax, C 1970, 'Towards building health systems', PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS (ICONS 2011), 6th International Conference on Systems (ICONS), IARIA XPS PRESS, St Maarten, NETHERLANDS, pp. 109-114.
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This paper reports on a series of interviews with three mainstream and three alternative/complimentary health professionals about the use of interactive technologies as a tool to improve the physical and mental well-being of the elderly. The questions are based around an Analytic Framework for investigating Interactive Technologies and the elderly. Four balance games using the Wii were demonstrated to the interviewees and their opinion of the suitability or otherwise of these games are discussed. The chosen games did not meet with universal approval but did provide us with useful insights on how to ensure the development of appropriate games for the elderly.

Le, T, Fatahi, B & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'Soil Creep Mechanisms and Inducing Factors', ICAGE 2011 - Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, International Conference on Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Australia, pp. 241-246.
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Soft soils have been utilised intensively for urbanisation and civil infrastructural development due to the scarcity of proper soils for construction. Soft soils themselves exhibit many engineering problems, such as large settlement which occurs in long time after construction. There are a large number of studies carried out to analyze that time dependent behaviour of soft soils, resulting in the variety of theories and models. The mechanism of creep deformation is the background to propose a model for predicting the long term settlement. However, there has been no unique explanation for the behavior of soils, leading to different theories of settlement analysis and prediction. There exist two main hypotheses for settlement calculation, Hypotheses A and B, distinguished based on different elucidation about creep mechanisms. From the existing research studies, this paper aims to discuss five mechanisms of creep including (i) the breakdown of interparticle bonds, (ii) the jumping of bonds of molecules, (iii) sliding movement among particles, (iv) the water drainage in double pore system, and (v) the structural viscosity. In this study, according to the explanation of creep mechanisms, the difference of the two hypotheses will be provided. This paper also suggests a creep mechanism based on the combinations of the explained mechanisms.

Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'MEMS resonators in health monitoring prognostics', 2011 Prognostics and System Health Managment Confernece, 2011 Prognostics and System Health Management Conference (PHM-2011 Shenzhen), IEEE, pp. 1-6.
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Lee, T & Roland, J 1970, 'A strong direct product theorem for quantum query complexity', 27th IEEE Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC'12), pages 236-246, 2012, 2012 IEEE Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC), IEEE, Porto, Portugal.
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We show that quantum query complexity satisfies a strong direct producttheorem. This means that computing $k$ copies of a function with less than $k$times the quantum queries needed to compute one copy of the function impliesthat the overall success probability will be exponentially small in $k$. For aboolean function $f$ we also show an XOR lemma---computing the parity of $k$copies of $f$ with less than $k$ times the queries needed for one copy impliesthat the advantage over random guessing will be exponentially small. We do this by showing that the multiplicative adversary method, whichinherently satisfies a strong direct product theorem, is always at least aslarge as the additive adversary method, which is known to characterize quantumquery complexity.

Lei Yang, Deuse, J & Droste, M 1970, 'Energy efficiency at energy intensive factory - a facility planning approach', 2011 IEEE 18th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 2011 IEEE 18th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, IEEE, pp. 699-703.
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Lei, G, Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Li, K, Li, Y & Shao, KR 1970, 'Multiobjective electromagnetic devices design based on improved EDA with sequential optimization of the probability model', 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 1-4.
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Leonard, M, Ball, J & Lambert, M 1970, 'On the coincidence of extreme rainfall bursts with duration', 34th IAHR Congress 2011 - Balance and Uncertainty: Water in a Changing World, Incorporating the 33rd Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium and the 10th Conference on Hydraulics in Water Engineering, Congress of IAHR, the International Association of Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research, Engineers Australia, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 694-701.
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Subdaily, annual maximum rainfall series from a number of locations about Australia are analysed to determine how extreme bursts at one duration coincide with those at another duration. Burst patterns for sites at Darwin and Perth are selected for more detailed investigation. A variety of plots and numerical summaries are presented to show that there is significant structure and overlap between extreme bursts. These observations are relevant to the growing number of models that aim to reproduce the incidence and patterns of extreme bursts. A comparison for one such model, DRIP, is presented as an example of this application.

Leong, TW, Gaye, L, Tanaka, A, Taylor, R & Wright, PC 1970, 'The user in flux', CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '11: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 45-48.
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With the advent of interactive digital media, people are no longer simply 'users'. They actively shift between various roles: author, collaborator, and even performer. We coin the term "user in flux" to problematize static definitions of "the user" and highlight how people's roles and practices switch and evolve when engaged in such interactions. Drawing from participatory practices and seeking inspiration from interactive artists, this workshop explores the "user in flux" with an aim to establish directions and approaches that can revitalize the HCI community's understanding of the user and inform the design of technologies used for interacting with digital media, and promote a new research agenda.

Leong, TW, Harper, R & Regan, T 1970, 'Nudging towards Serendipity: A case with personal digital photos', Electronic Workshops in Computing, Proceedings of HCI 2011 The 25th BCS Conference on Human Computer Interaction, BCS Learning & Development, Newcastle upon Tyne, pp. 385-394.
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Serendipity is an engaging, deeply personal and even magical experience to some. While serendipity has been noted to arise during people's interactions with digital photos, we have yet to understand how this occurs or how it could be supported during-and-through the use of technology. Inspired by findings about serendipity arising from people's shuffle listening, we designed a digital photo display system to explore how we could support people's encounters with serendipity with digital photos. Through this, we gained a deeper understanding of this technology-mediated serendipity and found ways that can support and even nudge people towards encountering serendipity.

Leung, HC & Lu, DD-C 1970, 'Particle swarm optimization for OPF with consideration of FACTS devices', IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 2406-2410.
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This paper presents a particle swarm optimization (PSO) method approach to solve the optimal power flow (OPF) in power systems incorporated with flexible ac transmission system (FACTS). The above approach integrates the power flow control needs into the OPF problem to fully utilize the characteristics of FACTS devices. A versatile FACTS device, UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller), is considered. In the solution process, PSO coupled with full AC power flow, selects the best regulation to minimize the total cost and keep the power flows within their security limits. The optimization process with PSO is presented with case study examples using IEEE modified 14-bus system to demonstrate its applicability. The results have been compared with genetic algorithm (GA) to show the feasibility and the potential of this approach. © 2011 IEEE.

Li, B, Zhu, X, Li, R, Zhang, C, Xue, X & Wu, X 1970, 'Cross-domain collaborative filtering over time', IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Press, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, pp. 2293-2298.
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Collaborative filtering (CF) techniques recommend items to users based on their historical ratings. In real-world scenarios, user interests may drift over time since they are affected by moods, contexts, and pop culture trends. This leads to the fact that a user's historical ratings comprise many aspects of user interests spanning a long time period. However, at a certain time slice, one user's interest may only focus on one or a couple of aspects. Thus, CF techniques based on the entire historical ratings may recommend inappropriate items. In this paper, we consider modeling user-interest drift over time based on the assumption that each user has multiple counterparts over temporal domains and successive counterparts are closely related. We adopt the cross-domain CF framework to share the static group-level rating matrix across temporal domains, and let user-interest distribution over item groups drift slightly between successive temporal domains. The derived method is based on a Bayesian latent factor model which can be inferred using Gibbs sampling. Our experimental results show that our method can achieve state-of-the-art recommendation performance as well as explicitly track and visualize user-interest drift over time.

Li, C-H, Chu, H-S, Kuo, B-C & Lin, C-T 1970, 'Hyperspectral image classification using spectral and spatial information based linear discriminant analysis', 2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IEEE, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 1716-1719.
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Feature extraction plays an essential role in Hyperspectral image classification. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a commonly used feature extraction (FE) method to resolve the Hughes phenomenon for classification. The Hughes phenomenon (also called the curse of dimensionality) is often encountered in classification when the dimensionality of the space grows and the size of the training set is fixed, especially in the small sampling size problem. Recent studies show that the spatial information can greatly improve the classification performance. Hence, for hyperspectral image classification, it is not only necessary to use the available spectral information but also to exploit the spatial information. In this paper, spatial information is acquired by the concept of the Markov random field (MRF), and this spatial information is used to form the membership values of every pixel in the hyperspectral image. The experimental results on two hyperspectral images, the Washington DC Mall and the Indian Pine Site, show that the proposed method can yield a better classification performance than LDA in the small sampling size problem. © 2011 IEEE.

Li, H, Jiang, Z, Wei, D & Han, J 1970, 'Crystal plasticity finite element modelling of surface roughness and texture of metals', Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Technology of Plasticity Ictp 2011, International Conference on Technology of Plasticity, Aachen, Germany, pp. 906-911.
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A crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) model was developed to analyse the surface roughness transfer and texture of metals during metal forming. In order to investigate the crystal slip mechanism and influence of different polycrystalline models (Taylor-type model and finite element polycrystalline model) on finite element modelling, the uniaxial compression of FCC pure aluminium was carried out in laboratory, and the Taylor-type and finite element polycrystalline models are separately employed in the finite element software ABAQUS to simulate the development of the deformation texture by rate dependent crystal constitutive equations during three different deformation modes (free compression, uniaxial planar compression and uniaxial tensile). The results obtained from the three different deformation modes show the same tendency that, with an increase of strain, the silk texture tends to be stronger and sharper. Both Taylor-type and finite element models can predict the tendency and silk texture. The simulation result is in good agreement with the experimental result in the surface asperity flattening process, and with an increase of reduction, the surface roughness tends to decrease significantly, lubrication can hinder the surface asperity flattening process effectively. © 2011 IBF (RWTH Aachen) & IUL (TU Dortmund).

Li, HC, Jiang, ZY, Tieu, AK, Sun, WH & Wei, DB 1970, 'Experimental study on wear and friction of work roll material with 4% Cr and added Ti in cold rolling', Wear, 18th International Conference on Wear of Materials (WOM), Elsevier BV, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 2500-2511.
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Cold rolling is one of the most essential elements in the manufacture of flat products of metals. Work roll wear is always a topic of interest to many researchers. In this paper, the disc-to-disc tests of the material with 4% Cr and that with 4% Cr + Ti were carried out respectively under the conditions of dry contact and emulsion lubricant of 3.9% Quakerol N680-2-DPD. The wear and friction patterns were discussed by correlating the disc surface morphologies and the microstructures of both materials. The surface roughness of the disk of the material with 4% Cr + Ti deteriorates much slower than that with 4% Cr under the condition of lubrication. The material with 4% Cr + Ti is characterised as carbonitrades precipitated in a fine tempered martensite matrix while coarse carbides (M(7)C(3)) exist in the material with 4% Cr. The disk of the material with 4% Cr + Ti wears differently to that with 4% Cr. Delamination may become an important wear mechanism earlier in the case of 4% Cr than that of 4% Cr + Ti. Micro spalling and pitting occur after 120 min of wear in the case of 4% Cr, but not in the case of 4% Cr + Ti until 330 min. Detached carbides are responsible for the abrasive wear on both discs at the late stage. Ti alters the friction pattern due to surface regeneration that resulted from the abrasive effect of carbonitrades. Generally, the wear-resistance of roll material may be improved by 175% by introducing added Ti. The outcome is beneficial for developing new materials for prolonging the service life of the cold work roll. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Li, HJ, Jiang, ZY, Wei, DB, Han, JT & Tieu, AK 1970, 'Study on surface asperity flattening during uniaxial planar compression', Wear, 18th International Conference on Wear of Materials (WOM), Elsevier BV, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 1778-1784.
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In order to develop the relationship between surface roughness, friction and texture in the uniaxial planar compression, Al 6061 samples are compressed in a channel-die to conduct plane-strain compression experiments. Molly bond is selected as a lubricant in a group of samples. The other group of samples is compressed without lubrication. The tool is polished smoothly: all the samples are prepared with the same method to retain the same surface roughness. Finite element modelling of the surface asperity flattening is carried out with ABAQUS under the same experimental conditions, original random textures are employed in the two dimensional model. The same surface roughness (R(a)) obtained from the experiment is also employed on the top surface of the sample. The constitutive model and time-integration procedure have been implemented into the implicit finite element code ABAQUS using user material subroutine UMAT. Both the calculated results and the experimental results show a same tendency: the lubrication can constrain the process of surface asperity flattening. When the reduction is less than 10%, the effect of lubrication on surface asperity flattening is not significant. If the reduction is 10-40%, the lubrication plays a satisfactory role during the compression. With an increase of reduction, the lubrication will be damaged, and then the sample compressed with and without lubrication keeps a similar tendency of change. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Li, J & Tao, D 1970, 'A Probabilistic Model for Discovering High Level Brain Activities from fMRI.', ICONIP (1), International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer, Shanghai, China, pp. 329-336.
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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has provided an invaluable method of investing real time neuron activities. Statistical tools have been developed to recognise the mental state from a batch of fMRI observations over a period. However, an interesting question is whether it is possible to estimate the real time mental states at each moment during the fMRI observation. In this paper, we address this problem by building a probabilistic model of the brain activity. We model the tempo-spatial relations among the hidden high-level mental states and observable low-level neuron activities. We verify our model by experiments on practical fMRI data. The model also implies interesting clues on the task-responsible regions in the brain. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Li, J & Tao, D 1970, 'Wisdom of Crowds: Single Image Super-resolution from the Web.', ICDM Workshops, IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, IEEE Computer Society, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 812-816.
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This paper addresses the problem of learning based single image super-resolution. Previous research on this problem employs human user to provide a set of images that are similar to the target image as a reference. Then the superresolution algorithm can learn from the provided reference images to predict the high resolution details for the target image. We propose a fully automatic scheme, which leverages the knowledge of the entire visual world and to query relevant references from the Internet. The proposed scheme is free of human supervision, and the performance compromise is small. We conduct experiments to show the effectiveness of the method. © 2011 IEEE.

Li, J, Bian, W, Tao, D & Zhang, C 1970, 'Learning Colours from Textures by Sparse Manifold Embedding.', Australasian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Springer, Perth, Australia, pp. 600-608.
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The capability of inferring colours from the texture (grayscale contents) of an image is useful in many application areas, when the imaging device/environment is limited. Traditional colour assignment involves intensive human effort. Automatic methods have been proposed to establish relations between image textures and the corresponding colours. Existing research mainly focuses on linear relations. In this paper, we employ sparse constraints in the model of texture-colour relationship. The technique is developed on a locally linear model, which assumes manifold assumption of the distribution of the image data. Given the texture of an image patch, learning the model transfers colours to the texture patch by combining known colours of similar texture patches. The sparse constraint checks the contributing factors in the model and helps improve the stability of the colour transfer. Experiments show that our method gives superior results to those of the previous work. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Li, L, Okello, N, Pham, M, Saleem, SK, Qiu, W, Evans, R, Mareels, I & IEEE 1970, 'Model Predictive Control of Murray-Darling Basin Networks', 2011 CHINESE CONTROL AND DECISION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6, Chinese Control and Decision Conference, IEEE, Mianyang, China, pp. 722-727.
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River basins are the most significant component in water supply grids and are under increasing pressure from competing demands for fresh water. However, unlike energy grids which are managed very efficiently using closed-loop operation, water grids, and river basins in particular, are largely open-loop systems. One reason is the difficulty associated with developing suitable models and feedback controllers. This paper proposes a systematic approach using model predictive control based on simple low order models for the real-time operation of entire river basin networks. © 2011 IEEE.

Li, L, Xu, G, Yang, Z, Zhang, Y & Kitsuregawa, M 1970, 'A Feature-Free Flexible Approach to Topical Classification of Web Queries', 2011 Seventh International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge and Grids, 2011 Seventh International Conference on Semantics Knowledge and Grid (SKG), IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 59-66.
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The task of topical classification of Web queries is to classify Web queries into a set of target categories. Machine learning based conventional approaches usually rely on external sources of information to obtain additional features for Web queries and training data for target categories. Unfortunately, these approaches are known to suffer from inability to adapt to different target categories which may be caused by the dynamic changes observed in both Web topic taxonomy and Web content. In this paper, we propose a feature-free flexible approach to topical classification of Web queries. Our approach analyzes queries and topical categories themselves and utilizes the number of Web pages containing both a query and a category to determine their similarity. The most attractive feature of our approach is that it only utilizes the Web page counts estimated by a search engine to provide the Web query classification with respectable accuracy. We conduct experimental study on the effectiveness of our approach using a set of rank measures and show that our approach performs competitively to some popular state-of-the-art solutions which, however, make frequent use of external sources and are inherently insufficient in flexibility. © 2011 IEEE.

Li, S & Tsang, IW 1970, 'Learning to locate relative outliers', Journal of Machine Learning Research, International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, JMLR, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA, pp. 47-62.
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Outliers usually spread across regions of low density. However, due to the absence or scarcity of outliers, designing a robust detector to sift outliers from a given dataset is still very challenging. In this paper, we consider to identify relative outliers from the target dataset with respect to another reference dataset of normal data. Particularly, we employ Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) for matching the distribution between these two datasets and present a novel learning framework to learn a relative outlier detector. The learning task is formulated as a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) problem, which is computationally hard. To this end, we propose an effective procedure to find a largely violated labeling vector for identifying relative outliers from abundant normal patterns, and its convergence is also presented. Then, a set of largely violated labeling vectors are combined by multiple kernel learning methods to robustly locate relative outliers. Comprehensive empirical studies on real-world datasets verify that our proposed relative outlier detection outperforms existing methods. © 2011 S. Li & I.W. Tsang.

Li, S & Tsang, IW 1970, 'Maximum Margin/Volume Outlier Detection', 2011 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, 2011 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI), IEEE, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp. 385-392.
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Due to the absence or scarcity of outliers, designing a robust outlier detector is very challenging. In this paper, we first propose to use the maximum margin criterion to sift unknown outliers from a given data set, which demonstrates superior performance in outlier detection. However, the resultant learning task is formulated as a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) problem, which is computationally hard. To this end, we alter the recently developed label generating technique, which efficiently solves a convex relaxation of the MIP problem of outlier detection. Specifically, we propose an effective procedure to find a largely violated labeling vector for identifying rare outliers from abundant normal patterns, and its convergence is also presented. Then, a set of largely violated labeling vectors are combined by multiple kernel learning methods to robustly detect outliers. Besides these, to further enhance the efficacy of our outlier detector, we also explore the use of maximum volume criterion to measure the quality of separation between outliers and normal patterns. This criterion can be easily incorporated into our proposed framework by introducing an additional regularization. Comprehensive experiments on real-world data sets verify that the outlier detectors using the two proposed criteria outperform existing outlier detection methods. © 2011 IEEE.

Li, S, Lowe, D, Kong, X & Braun, R 1970, 'Wireless sensor network localization algorithm using dynamic path of mobile beacon', The 17th Asia Pacific Conference on Communications, 2011 IEEE 17th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), IEEE, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, pp. 344-349.
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Localization is one of the basic prerequisites of sensors in various applications of wireless sensor networks. A beacon is a special sensor with geographical knowledge and which can be employed to help localize general sensors. A mobile beacon is treated as a replacement for many static beacons since it is movable and flexible and often powerful. The path of a mobile beacon will determine the rate of coverage and accuracy of position determination that it supports. Whereas a static path is planned before any localization action, a dynamic path is determined in real-time based on the demands of initially unknown sensors and hence can be more efficient than a static path. In this paper, we proposed a method of localization employed a mobile beacon whose path will be selected according to the real-time information of unknown sensors. The method is designed to be both 'thrifty' in both energy consumption and economical cost, and lightweight in terms of computation load. Simulation results show that the method is lightweight but effective and efficient. © 2011 IEEE.

Li, S, Tsang, IW & Chaudhari, NS 1970, 'Infinite Decision Agent Ensemble Learning System for Credit Risk Analysis', 2011 10th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications and Workshops, 2011 Tenth International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA), IEEE, Honolulu, HI, USA, pp. 36-39.
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Considering the special needs of credit risk analysis, the Infinite DEcision Agent ensemble Learning (IDEAL) system is proposed. In the first level of our model, we adopt soft margin boosting to overcome over fitting. In the second level, the RVM algorithm is revised for boosting so that different RVM agents can be generated from the updated instance space of the data. In the third level, the perceptron kernel is employed in RVM to generate infinite subagents. Our IDEAL system also shares some good properties, such as good generalization performance, immunity to over fitting and predicting the distance to default. According to the experimental results, our proposed system can achieve better performance in term of sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy. © 2011 IEEE.

Li, W, Duan, L, Xu, D & Tsang, IW-H 1970, 'Text-based image retrieval using progressive multi-instance learning', 2011 International Conference on Computer Vision, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 2049-2055.
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Relevant and irrelevant images collected from the Web (e.g., Flickr.com) have been employed as loosely labeled training data for image categorization and retrieval. In this work, we propose a new approach to learn a robust classifier for text-based image retrieval (TBIR) using relevant and irrelevant training web images, in which we explicitly handle noise in the loose labels of training images. Specifically, we first partition the relevant and irrelevant training web images into clusters. By treating each cluster as a "bag" and the images in each bag as "instances ", we formulate this task as a multi-instance learning problem with constrained positive bags, in which each positive bag contains at least a portion of positive instances. We present a new algorithm called MIL-CPB to effectively exploit such constraints on positive bags and predict the labels of test instances (images). Observing that the constraints on positive bags may not always be satisfied in our application, we additionally propose a progressive scheme (referred to as Progressive MIL-CPB, or PMIL-CPB) to further improve the retrieval performance, in which we iteratively partition the top-ranked training web images from the current MILCPB classifier to construct more confident positive "bags" and then add these new "bags" as training data to learn the subsequent MIL-CPB classifiers. Comprehensive experiments on two challenging real-world web image data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.

Li, Y, Li, J & Samali, B 1970, 'Design of new generation magnetorheological pins', Incorporating Sustainable Practice in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 21st Australian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press/Balkema, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 807-812.
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Recently, research and development of smart materials and structures for civil engineering applications have attracted increasing attentions from researchers around theworld. Smart devices can be incorporated into civil structures as smart structural members with intelligent and controllable capacities for optimally detecting and reacting to the internal and external changes.Within the smart devices, magnetorheological (MR) based devices are one of the most promising smart devices to be considered for civil structures. This paper presents a novel design of a new-generation MR pin joint with high-torque capacity. An innovative design and analysis of MR pin with radial slots at the surface of the rotary plate is proposed. Theoretical modelling is undertaken based on the material, mechanical and magnetic analyses. Parametric analysis is conducted to optimise the shape, width and depth of the slots to best accommodate the design objectives. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Li, YB, Lei, G, Guo, YG & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Optimization design of a voice coil actuator based on improved SOM', 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 224-227.
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Voice coil actuator is a new kind of direct drive motor. It has many good performances, such as high acceleration and fast response. We present an improved sequential optimization method (SOM) and dimension reduction optimization method to design optimization a cylindrical voice coil actuator in this work. In the implementation, design of experiments (DOE) technique and Kriging approximate model are employed to improve the optimization efficiency. From the discussion, we can see that the proposed methods are very efficient. And computation cost of finite element analysis can be reduced remarkably (more than 2/3 of the cost has been saved) by the proposed methods.

Li, Z, Wu, Q, Zhang, J & Geers, G 1970, 'SKRWM based descriptor for pedestrian detection in thermal images', 2011 IEEE 13th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, 2011 IEEE 13th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 1-6.
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Pedestrian detection in a thermal image is a difficult task due to intrinsic challenges:1) low image resolution, 2) thermal noising, 3) polarity changes, 4) lack of color, texture or depth information. To address these challenges, we propose a novel mid-level feature descriptor for pedestrian detection in thermal domain, which combines pixel-level Steering Kernel Regression Weights Matrix (SKRWM) with their corresponding covariances. SKRWM can properly capture the local structure of pixels, while the covariance computation can further provide the correlation of low level feature. This mid-level feature descriptor not only captures the pixel-level data difference and spatial differences of local structure, but also explores the correlations among low-level features. In the case of human detection, the proposed mid-level feature descriptor can discriminatively distinguish pedestrian from complexity. For testing the performance of proposed feature descriptor, a popular classifier framework based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) is also built. Overall, our experimental results show that proposed approach has overcome the problems caused by background subtraction in [1] while attains comparable detection accuracy compared to the state-of-the-arts. © 2011 IEEE.

Li, Z, Xu, J, Wang, Y, Geers, G & Yang, J 1970, 'Saliency detection based on proto-objects and topic model', 2011 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 2011 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), IEEE, pp. 125-131.
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This paper proposes a novel computational framework for saliency detection, which integrates the saliency map computation and proto-objects detection. The proto-objects are detected based on the saliency map using latent topic model. The detected proto-objects are then utilized to improve the saliency map computation. Extensive experiments are performed on two publicly available datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed framework outperforms the state-of-art methods. © 2010 IEEE.

Liang, G & Zhang, C 1970, 'An Empirical Evaluation of Bagging with Different Algorithms on Imbalanced Data', Advanced Data Mining and Applications. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 7120, International Conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Beijing, China, pp. 339-352.
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This study investigates the effectiveness of bagging with respect to different learning algorithms on Imbalanced data-sets. The purpose of this research is to investigate the performance of bagging based on two unique approaches: (1) classify base learners with respect to 12 different learning algorithms in general terms, and (2) evaluate the performance of bagging predictors on data with imbalanced class distributions. The former approach develops a method to categorize base learners by using two-dimensional robustness and stability decomposition on 48 benchmark data-sets; while the latter approach investigates the performance of bagging predictors by using evaluation metrics, True Positive Rate (TPR), Geometric mean (G-mean) for the accuracy on the majority and minority classes, and the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve on 12 imbalanced data-sets. Our studies assert that both stability and robustness are important factors for building high performance bagging predictors on data with imbalanced class distributions. The experimental results demonstrated that PART and Multi-layer Proceptron (MLP) are the learning algorithms with the best bagging performance on 12 imbalanced data-sets. Moreover, only four out of 12 bagging predictors are statistically superior to single learners based on both G-mean and TPR evaluation metrics over 12 imbalanced data-sets.

Liang, G, Zhu, X & Zhang, C 1970, 'An empirical study of bagging predictors for different learning algorithms', Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, National Conference of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Press, San Francisco, California, US, pp. 1802-1803.
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Bagging is a simple, yet effective design which combines multiple base learners to form an ensemble for prediction. Despite its popular usage in many real-world applications, existing research is mainly concerned with studying unstable learners as the key to ensure the performance gain of a bagging predictor, with many key factors remaining unclear. For example, it is not clear when a bagging predictor can outperform a single learner and what is the expected performance gain when different learning algorithms were used to form a bagging predictor. In this paper, we carry out comprehensive empirical studies to evaluate bagging predictors by using 12 different learning algorithms and 48 benchmark data-sets. Our analysis uses robustness and stability decompositions to characterize different learning algorithms, through which we rank all learning algorithms and comparatively study their bagging predictors to draw conclusions. Our studies assert that both stability and robustness are key requirements to ensure the high performance for building a bagging predictor. In addition, our studies demonstrated that bagging is statistically superior to most single learners, except for KNN and Naïve Bayes (NB). Multi-layer perception (MLP), Naïve Bayes Trees (NBTree), and PART are the learning algorithms with the best bagging performance. Copyright © 2011, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.

Liang, G, Zhu, X & Zhang, C 1970, 'An Empirical Study of Bagging Predictors for Imbalanced Data with Different Levels of Class Distribution', AI 2011: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Perth, Australia, pp. 213-222.
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Research into learning from imbalanced data has increasingly captured the attention of both academia and industry, especially when the class distribution is highly skewed. This paper compares the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) performance of bagging in the context of learning from different imbalanced levels of class distribution. Despite the popularity of bagging in many real-world applications, some questions have not been clearly answered in the existing research, e.g., which bagging predictors may achieve the best performance for applications, and whether bagging is superior to single learners when the levels of class distribution change. We perform a comprehensive evaluation of the AUC performance of bagging predictors with 12 base learners at different imbalanced levels of class distribution by using a sampling technique on 14 imbalanced data-sets. Our experimental results indicate that Decision Table (DTable) and RepTree are the learning algorithms with the best bagging AUC performance. Most AUC performances of bagging predictors are statistically superior to single learners, except for Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Decision Stump (DStump).

Liao, L-D, Chen, Y-Y, Lin, C-T, Chang, J-Y & Li, M-L 1970, 'Functional transcranial photoacoustic micro-imaging of mouse cerebrovascular cross-section and hemoglobin oxygenation changes during forepaw electrical stimulation', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE BiOS, SPIE, USA, pp. 78992X-78992X.
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In this study, we report on using a 50-MHz functional photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) to transcranially image the cross-section and hemoglobin oxygenation (SO2) changes of single mouse cortical vessels in response to left forepaw electrical stimulation. Three difference levels of the cortical vessels (i.e., with different-sized diameters of 350, 100 and 55 μm) on activated regions were marked to measure their functional cross-section and SO2 changes as a function of time. Electrical stimulation of the mouse left forelimb was applied to evoke functional changes in vascular dynamics of the mouse somatosensory cortex. The applied current pulses were with a pulse frequency of 3 Hz, pulse duration of 0.2 ms, and pulse amplitude of 2 mA. The cerebrovascular cross-section changes, which indicate changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV), were probed by images acquired at 570 nm, a hemoglobin isosbestic point, while SO2 changes were monitored by the derivatives of 560-nm images normalized to 570-nm ones. The results show that vessel diameter and SO2 were significantly dilated and increased when compared with those of the controlled ones. In summary, the PAM shows its promise as a new imaging modality for transcranially functional quantification of single vessel diameter (i.e., CBV) and SO2 changes without any contrast agents applied during stimulation. © 2011 SPIE.

Liaquat, AM, Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH & Jayed, MH 1970, 'Engine Performance and Emissions Analysis using 'Envo Diesel' and Coconut Biodiesel Blended Fuel as Alternative Fuels', Environmental Science and Technology, Pt 1, 2nd International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology (ICEST 2011), INT ASSOC COMPUTER SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PRESS-IACSIT PRESS, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. VI168-VI172.

Lin, C-T, Chen, S-A, Ko, L-W & Wang, Y-K 1970, 'EEG-based brain dynamics of driving distraction', The 2011 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2011 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2011 - San Jose), IEEE, San Jose, CA, USA, pp. 1497-1500.
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Distraction during driving has been recognized as a significant cause of traffic accidents. The aim of this study is to investigate Electroencephalography (EEG) -based brain dynamics in response to driving distraction. To study human cognition under specific driving tasks in a simulated driving experiment, this study utilized two simulated events including unexpected car deviations and mathematics questions. The raw data were first separated into independent brain sources by Independent Component Analysis. Then, the EEG power spectra were used to evaluate the time-frequency brain dynamics. Results showed that increases of theta band and beta band power were observed in the frontal cortex. Further analysis demonstrated that reaction time and multiple cortical EEG power had high correlation. Thus, this study suggested that the features extracted by EEG signal processing, which were the theta power increases in frontal area, could be used as the distracted indexes for early detection of driver inattention in real driving. © 2011 IEEE.

Lin, CT, Chiou, JC & Song, KT 1970, 'Welcome message from conference chairs', ASCC 2011 - 8th Asian Control Conference - Final Program and Proceedings, p. 4.

Lin, C-T, Han, M-F, Lin, Y-Y, Liao, S-H & Chang, J-Y 1970, 'Neuro-fuzzy system design using differential evolution with local information', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE 2011), 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 1003-1006.
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This paper proposes a differential evolution with local information for TSK-type neuro-fuzzy system optimization. The differential evolution with local information consider neighborhood between each individual to keep the diversity of population. An adaptive parameter tuning based on 1/5th rule is used to trade off between local search and global search. For structure learning algorithm, the on-line clustering algorithm is used for rule generation. The structure learning algorithm generates a new rule which compares the firing strength. Initially, there is no rule in neuro-fuzzy system model. The rules are automatically generated by fuzzy measure. For parameter learning, the parameters are optimized by differential evolution algorithm. Finally, the proposed neuro-fuzzy system with novel differential evolution model is applied in chaotic sequence prediction problem. Results of this paper demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. © 2011 IEEE.

Lin, CT, Kuo, YH, Lee, CS, Ishibuchi, H & Wang, WJ 1970, 'A message from the conference organizers', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE 2011), 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE, pp. 4-4.
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Lin, C-T, Li, D-L & Chang, J-Y 1970, 'Self-Adjusting Feature Maps Network', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Shanghai, China, pp. 356-364.
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In this paper, we propose a novel artificial neural network, called self-adjusting feature map (SAM), and its unsupervised learning algorithm with self-adjusting mechanism. After the training of SAM network, we will obtain a map composed of a set of representative connected neurons. The trained network structure of representative connected neurons not only displays the spatial relation of the input data distribution but also quantizes the data well. SAM can automatically isolate a set of connected neurons, in which the number of the set may indicate the number of clusters to be used. The idea of self-adjusting mechanism is based on combining of mathematical statistics and neurological advance and retreat of waste. For each representative neuron, there are three periods, growth, adaptation and decline, in its training process. The network of representative neurons will first create the necessary neurons according to the local density of the input data in the growth period. Then it will adjust neighborhood neuron pair's connected/disconnected topology constantly according to the statistics of input feature data in the adaptation period. Lastly the unnecessary neurons of the network will be merged or deleted in the decline period. In this study, we exploit SAM to handle some peculiar cases that cannot be well dealt with by classical unsupervised learning networks such as self-organizing feature map (SOM) network. Furthermore, we also take several real world cases to exhibit the remarkable characteristics of SAM. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Lin, C-T, Wang, W-R, Wang, I-J, Liao, L-D, Chen, S-F, Tseng, K & Ko, L-W 1970, 'A New Design of the Multi-channels Mobile and Wireless EEG System', Communications in Computer and Information Science, International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Orlando, Florida, USA, pp. 293-298.
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Most researchers acquired EEG by using standard measurement system like NeuroScan system, which includes AgCl electrode cap, SynAmps Amplifier and Scan software to provide good reliability for the acquisition of EEG data. However, it is still not convenient for Brain Computer Interface (BCI) application in daily life because of needing conduction gels to contact skins and being wired, expensive and heavy. Moreover, the conduction gel will trend to be drying, so it does not suitable for long-term monitoring. In this study, we developed a mobile and wireless EEG system. The system consists of frond-end 16-channel dry electrode cap, a miniature low-power wireless portable circuitry, and a back-end program receiving events and digital EEG data simultaneously. We demonstrate the recorded EEG data have high correlations between from our system and from NeuroScan system. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Lin, C-T, Wang, Y-K & Chen, S-A 1970, 'An EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interface for Dual Task Driving Detection', NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING, PT I, 18th International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 701-708.
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Lin, D & Huynh, P 1970, 'Effects of Guide Vanes in Transition Flow from a Round Pipe to a Rectangular Chamber', Proceedings of the 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, ASME, Denver, Colorado, USA, pp. 1-7.
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In an effort to design a rectangular-box chamber for model testing and flow visualization, to be fitted into an existing horizontal axial-flow pump circuit, shown in Fig.1[1], a computational study has been conducted into the flow of water as it expands from a 400-mm-diameter round pipe into a 3-Drectangular- box configuration. The geometry is asymmetric; the chamber's bottom is aligned with the pipe's bottom, but the pipe's top is expanded into the chamber's top, shown in Fig. 2. A commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package is used to simulate the isothermal turbulent flow, using the standard K-epsilon turbulence model. The study examines the benefits of the guide vane in reducing the transition region's length and producing the desirable flow pattern in the test chamber.

Lin, X & Zhang, YX 1970, 'Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Composite Steel/FRP-Reinforced Concrete Beams Using a New Beam Element', Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 727-730.
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Lin, X & Zhang, YX 1970, 'Numerical modelling of FRP-reinforced concrete beams at elevated temperatures', Isec 2011 6th International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference Modern Methods and Advances in Structural Engineering and Construction, pp. 821-826.
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A one-dimensional two-node layered composite beam element developed for nonlinear finite element analysis of FRP-reinforced concrete beams is extended in this paper for nonlinear analysis of structural performance of the FRP-reinforced concrete beams at elevated temperatures. Both geometric nonlinearity and properties of the FRPs and the concrete are included in the element for accurate modeling of the structural behavior of FRP-reinforced concrete beams at elevated temperatures. The nonlinear structural behavior of composite FRP-reinforced concrete beams under external combined mechanical loading and thermal loading is investigated using the proposed element.

Lin, X, Zhang, Y, Zhang, W & Cheema, MA 1970, 'Stochastic skyline operator', 2011 IEEE 27th International Conference on Data Engineering, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE 2011), IEEE, Hannover, Germany, pp. 721-732.
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In many applications involving the multiple criteria optimal decision making, users may often want to make a personal trade-off among all optimal solutions. As a key feature, the skyline in a multi-dimensional space provides the minimum set of candidates for such purposes by removing all points not preferred by any (monotonic) utility/scoring functions; that is, the skyline removes all objects not preferred by any user no mater how their preferences vary. Driven by many applications with uncertain data, the probabilistic skyline model is proposed to retrieve uncertain objects based on skyline probabilities. Nevertheless, skyline probabilities cannot capture the preferences of monotonic utility functions. Motivated by this, in this paper we propose a novel skyline operator, namely stochastic skyline. In the light of the expected utility principle, stochastic skyline guarantees to provide the minimum set of candidates for the optimal solutions over all possible monotonic multiplicative utility functions. In contrast to the conventional skyline or the probabilistic skyline computation, we show that the problem of stochastic skyline is NP-complete with respect to the dimensionality.

Ling, L, Burnett, IS, Cheng, E & IEEE 1970, 'A Flexible Markerless Registration Method for Video Augmented Reality', 2011 IEEE 13TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MULTIMEDIA SIGNAL PROCESSING (MMSP), IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, IEEE, Hangzhou, China.
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This paper proposes a flexible, markerless registration method that addresses the problem of realistic virtual object placement at any position in a video sequence. The registration consists of two steps: four points are specified by the user to build the world coordinate system, where the virtual object is rendered. A self-calibration camera tracking algorithm is then proposed to recover the camera viewpoint frame-by-frame, such that the virtual object can be dynamically and correctly rendered according to camera movement. The proposed registration method needs no reference fiducials, knowledge of camera parameters or the user environment, where the virtual object can be placed in any environment even without any distinct features. Experimental evaluations demonstrate low errors for several camera motion rotations around the X and Y axes for the self-calibration algorithm. Finally, virtual object rendering applications in different user environments are evaluated. © 2011 IEEE.

Ling, L, Cheng, E, Burnett, IS & IEEE 1970, 'EIGHT SOLUTIONS OF THE ESSENTIAL MATRIX FOR CONTINUOUS CAMERA MOTION TRACKING IN VIDEO AUGMENTED REALITY', 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMEDIA AND EXPO (ICME), IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, IEEE, LaSalle, Ramon Llull University Barcelona, Spain.
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This paper considers a self-calibration approach to the estimation of motion parameters for an unknown camera used for video-based augmented reality. Whilst existing systems derive four SVD solutions of the essential matrix, which encodes the epipolar geometry between two camera views, this paper presents eight possible solutions derived from mathematical computation and geometrical analysis. The eight solutions not only reflect the position and orientation of the camera in static displacement but also the dynamic, relative orientation between the camera and an object in continuous motion. This paper details a novel algorithm that introduces three geometric constraints to determine the rotation and translation matrix from the eight possible essential matrix solutions. An OpenGL camera motion simulator is used to demonstrate and evaluate the reliability of the proposed algorithms; this directly visualizes the abstract computer vision parameters into real 3D. © 2011 IEEE.

Ling, SH, Jiang, F, Nguyen, HT, Chan, KY & IEEE 1970, 'Permutation Flow Shop Scheduling: Fuzzy Particle Swarm Optimization Approach', IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ 2011), IEEE International Conference On Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwam, pp. 572-578.
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AbstractA fuzzy particle swarm optimization (PSO) for the minimization of makespan in permutation flow shop scheduling problem is presented in this paper. In the proposed fuzzy PSO, the inertia weight of PSO and the control parameter of the crossmutated operation are determined by a set of fuzzy rules. To escape the local optimum, cross-mutated operation is introduced. In order to make PSO suitable for solving permutation flow shop scheduling problem, a roulette wheel mechanism is proposed to convert the continuous position values of particles to job permutations. Meanwhile, a swap-based local search for scheduling problem is designed for the local exploration on a discrete job permutation space. Flow shop benchmark functions are employed to evaluate the performance of the fuzzy PSO for flow shop scheduling problems and the results indicate that the algorithm performs better compared with existing hybrid PSO algorithms.

Ling, SH, Nguyen, HT, Leung, FHF & IEEE 1970, 'Hypoglycemia Detection using Fuzzy Inference System with Genetic Algorithm', IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ 2011), IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 2225-2231.
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AbstractIn this paper, we develope a genetic algorithm based fuzzy inference system to recognize hypoglycemic episodes based on heart rate and corrected QT interval of the telectrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Genetic algorithm is introduced to optimize the membership functions and fuzzy rules. A practical experiment based on data from 15 children with T1DM is studied. All the data sets are collected from the Department of Health, Government of Western Australia. To prevent the phenomenon of overtraining (over-fitting), a validation strategy that may adjust the fitness function is proposed. Thus, the data are organized into a training set, a validation set, and a testing set randomly selected. The classification results in term of sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis show that the proposed classification method performs well.

Lister, R 1970, 'Concrete and other neo-piagetian forms of reasoning in the novice programmer', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society, Perth, Australia, pp. 9-18.
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This paper brings together a number of empirical research results on novice programmers, using a neo-Piagetian theoretical framework. While there already exists literature connecting programming with classical Piagetian theory, in this paper we apply neo-Piagetian theory. Using that neo-Piagetian perspective, we offer an explanation as to why attempts to predict ability for programming via classical Piagetian tests have yielded mixed results. We offer a neo-Piagetian explanation of some of the previously puzzling observations about novice programmers, such as why many of them make little use of diagrams, and why they often manifest a nonsystematic approach to writing programs. We also develop the relatively unexplored relationship between concrete operational reasoning and programming, by exploring concepts such as conservation and reversibility. © 2011, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Liu, B, Gui, L, Zhang, W & Gong, L 1970, 'Iterative rake structural decision feedback equalization in linear single frequency network of Chinese High Speed Railway Television system', 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), IEEE, pp. 1-6.
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The Chinese High Speed Railway Television (HSRT) has become a new hotpot among applications of broadcasting technology. In this paper, we consider a kind of network infrastructure based on signal frequency network (SFN) design. The character of linear SFN in the railway television system is that receiver between two transmitters will receive signal from both base stations. When single carrier system is adopted as the modulation/demodulation technique, decision feedback equalization (DFE) is used to combat the interference brought by SFN and reflected signals. However, traditional DFE may waste the signal power of dispersive channels. Thus it is not the most effective method in the linear SFN of railway television. To deal with this problem, we propose an iterative rake structural DFE algorithm with cancellation (IR-DFE-C). Theoretical analysis and simulation show that IR-DFE-C algorithm utilizes the power of multipath channels more efficiently than traditional time domain decision feedback equalization (TD-DFE). Moreover, this IR-DFE-C will not be affected by the deep fading problems in frequency domain. Therefore it has advantages over both TD-DFE and frequency domain linear equalization (FD-LE) method which has the problem of noise enhancement in such circumstances. © 2011 IEEE.

Liu, B, Xiao, Y, Cao, L & Yu, PS 1970, 'One-Class-Based Uncertain Data Stream Learning', Proceedings of the 2011 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Proceedings of the 2011 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Arizona, pp. 992-1003.
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This paper presents a novel approach to one-class-based uncertain data stream learning. Our proposed approach works in three steps. Firstly, we put forward a local kernel-density-based method to generate a bound score for each instance, which refines the location of the corresponding instance. Secondly, we construct an uncertain one-class classifier by incorporating the generated bound score into a one-class SVM-based learning phase. Thirdly, we devise an ensemble classifier, integrated from uncertain one-class classifiers built on the current and historical chunks, to cope with the concept drift involved in the uncertain data stream environment. Our proposed method explicitly handles the uncertainty of the input data and enhances the ability of one-class learning in reducing the sensitivity to noise. Extensive experiments on uncertain data streams demonstrate that our proposed approach can achieve better performance and is highly robust to noise in comparison with state-of-the-art one-class learning method. Copyright © SIAM.

Liu, M, Huang, S, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Feature Based SLAM Using Laser Sensor Data with Maximized Information Usage', 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 1811-1816.
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This paper formulates the SLAM problem using 2D laser data as an optimization problem. The environment is modeled as a set of curves and the variables of the optimization problem are the robot poses as well as the parameters describing the curves. There are two key differences between this SLAM formulation and existing SLAM methods. First, the environment is represented by continuous curves instead of point clouds or occupancy grids. Second, all the laser readings, including laser beams which returns its maximum range value, have been included in the objective function. As the objective function to be optimized contains discontinuities, it can not be solved by standard gradient based approaches and thus a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based method is applied. Matching of laser scans acquired from relatively far apart robot poses is achieved by applying GA on top of the Iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. The new SLAM formulation and the use of a global optimization algorithm successfully avoid the convergence to local minimum for both the scan matching and the SLAM problem. Both simulated and experimental data are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. © 2011 IEEE.

Liu, RP, Sutton, GJ, Yang, X & Collings, IB 1970, 'Modelling QoS Performance of IEEE 802.11 DCF under Practical Channel Fading Conditions', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 1-6.
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We consider the impacts of channel fading on the quality of service (QoS) performance of the IEEE 802.11 system. Traditional 2-D Markov chain models, while suitable for throughput analysis, are unable to capture the QoS performance due to the lack of a proper queueing model. We present a 3-D Markov chain queueing model that incorporates channel fading effects and solve the Markov chain efficiently with our Collapsed Transition onto Basis approach. In doing so, we are able to investigate important QoS measures, packet delay and loss, as well as throughput, for a 802.11 system under practical channel fading conditions. The analytical results are validated by extensive simulations. Our 3-D model offers new insights in channel fading effects on system capacity and QoS performance. We demonstrate that our 3-D model can also be used to provides guidelines for traffic control. © 2011 IEEE.

Liu, W, Wang, S-S, Li, S & Liu, D 1970, 'Solving Qualitative Constraints Involving Landmarks.', CP, International Conference on Principles and Practice, Springer, Perugia, Italy, pp. 523-537.
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Consistency checking plays a central role in qualitative spatial and temporal reasoning. Given a set of variables V , and a set of constraints Î taken from a qualitative calculus (e.g. the Interval Algebra (IA) or RCC-8), the aim is to decide if Î is consistent. The consistency problem has been investigated extensively in the literature. Practical applications e.g. urban planning often impose, in addition to those between undetermined entities (variables), constraints between determined entities (constants or landmarks) and variables. This paper introduces this as a new class of qualitative constraint satisfaction problems, and investigates the new consistency problem in several well-known qualitative calculi, e.g. IA, RCC-5, and RCC-8.We show that the usual local consistency checking algorithm works for IA but fails in RCC-5 and RCC-8. We further show that, if the landmarks are represented by polygons, then the new consistency problem of RCC-5 is tractable but that of RCC-8 is NP-complete.

Liu, X & Zhang, J 1970, 'Active learning for human action recognition with Gaussian Processes', 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2011), IEEE, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 3253-3256.
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This paper presents an active learning approach for recognizing human actions in videos based on multiple kernel combined method. We design the classifier based on Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL) through Gaussian Processes (GP) regression. This classifier is then trained in an active learning approach. In each iteration, one optimal sample is selected to be interactively annotated and incorporated into training set. The selection of the sample is based on the heuristic feedback of the GP classifier. To our knowledge, GP regression MKL based active learning methods have not been applied to address the human action recognition yet. We test this approach on standard benchmarks. This approach outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques in accuracy while requires significantly less training samples. © 2011 IEEE.

Lopez-Lorca, AA, Beydoun, G, Martínez-Béjar, R & Tootell, H 1970, 'Supporting developers in complex systems modelling', ACIS 2011 Proceedings - 22nd Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Australasian Conference on Information Systems, AIS Electronic Library (AISeL), Sydney, Australia.
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Development of complex systems often requires building a large number of models with many interconnections and dependencies among them. The success of a project can be compromised by cognitive overload or limits of developers, who might miss relationships between elements of the models. Developing Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) is a typical example of where this may occur. Despite of its potential, this technology has not yet been widely adopted by industry due to its complexity and frequent errors in modelling activities. These errors typically propagate to later phases of the MAS development lifecycle, becoming costlier to fix and then lowering the quality of the final product. Early validation of MAS models can prevent rework efforts or building a system that is non-compliant with the client's specification. In this paper we propose a process to support developers in modelling tasks using ontologies to validate and improve the quality of requirement analysis models as they are being developed and at the same time bridging the traditional gap between developers and clients. The proposed ontology-mediated validation is easily applicable to other kinds of architectures, however we illustrate this for MAS development as its complexity justifies any additional cost associated with applying it. © 2011 Antonio A. Lopez-Lorca, Ghassan Beydoun, Rodrigo Martínez-Béjar, Holly Tootell.

Lozano, A, Peters, G & Liu, D 1970, 'Analysis of an Arthropodal System for Design of a Climbing Robot', Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), Seoul, Korea, pp. 832-838.
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This paper will discuss research on ant locomotion, especially in climbing adaptability and transversing steel bridge configurations, for the design of a climbing robot for inspection and condition assessment of complex steel bridge structures. Experiments in ant locomotion were performed and captured using high-speed video equipment capable of recording at 1000fps. Analysis of the data found that certain body postures in ants are adopted before proceeding with their intended direction, such as when climbing a vertical obstacle. Information on ant body posture, compliance and movement in climbing will also be presented. Furthermore, the working volumes of ant leg pairs are determined through computer aided analysis, which provides essential data for determining possible ant foot positions for locomotion. Discussions on how the findings can be used in designing a climbing robot is also presented.

LOZANO, A, PETERS, G, LIU, D & WALDRON, K 1970, 'STUDY OF ANT LOCOMOTION IN SURFACE TRANSITIONS FOR CLIMBING ROBOT DESIGN', Field Robotics, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Paris, France, pp. 174-181.
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Many climbing robots designed based on simple representations of the arthropod body have proven to be able to move on relatively flat surfaces and simple environments. However these robots are not able to navigate in complex environments such as steel bridges. This paper presents experimental studies on ant locomotion, particularly focusing on ant leg gait and posture when traversing a variety of complex surfaces, with the aim of providing climbing robot designers a better understanding of biological ant locomotion through a complex terrain. © 2012 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.

Lu, HN, Wei, DB, Jiang, ZY, Manabe, K & Furushima, T 1970, 'Study on size effect in micro cross wedge rolling', Special Edition 10th International Conference on Technology of Plasticity Ictp 2011, International Conference on Technology of Plasticity, pp. 962-967.
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This paper introduces a novel microforming process - Micro Cross Wedge Rolling (MCWR) that is very promising in the field of microforming. Numerical simulation has been conducted to Investigate the size effect and dimension accuracy in MCWR. A finite element model of the MCWR process for manufacturing the stepped axisymmetrical microparts using flat wedge tools has been established utilizing AN- SYS/LS-DYNA. The final diameter in the middle part of the workpiece ranges from 0.9 to 0.6 mm. The effect of the geometrical and process parameters such as forming angle α, stretching angle β and reduction ΔA have been studied. The grain sizes of 50, 75 and 100 μm have been considered. The distribution of the stress In the core region relating to the occurring of Internal defects has also been investigated. The effect of grained heterogeneity on the height of surface asperity after rolling Is assessed quantitatively. © 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Weinheim.

Lu, J, Wen, Z, Pan, S & Lai, J 1970, 'Analytic Trails: Supporting Provenance, Collaboration, and Reuse for Visual Data Analysis by Business Users', HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION - INTERACT 2011, PT IV, 13th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT), SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, PORTUGAL, Lisbon, pp. 256-273.

Luo, C, Zhao, Y, Luo, D, Zhang, C & Cao, W 1970, 'Agent-Based Subspace Clustering', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 370-381.
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This paper presents an agent-based algorithm for discovering subspace clusters in high dimensional data. Each data object is represented by an agent, and the agents move from one local environment to another to find optimal clusters in subspaces. Heuristic rules and objective functions are defined to guide the movements of agents, so that similar agents(data objects) go to one group. The experimental results show that our proposed agent-based subspace clustering algorithm performs better than existing subspace clustering methods on both F1 measure and Entropy. The running time of our algorithm is scalable with the size and dimensionality of data. Furthermore, an application in stock market surveillance demonstrates its effectiveness in real world applications. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Mahmood, F & Huynh, BP 1970, 'Flow About an Oscillating Plate Used to Extract Sea-Wave Energy', Volume 6: Fluids and Thermal Systems; Advances for Process Industries, Parts A and B, ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, ASMEDC, pp. 855-861.
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As a sea wave comes to the shore then recedes from it, there is significant energy associated with the movement of the wave’s water. One way to extract this energy is to have the moving water push and pull on an oscillating vane. This work examines numerically the flow and forces associated with such a vane in a typical wave condition, using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package. The vane is a rectangular plate hinged at one edge and oscillating about it. Effects of plates shape on the flow pattern and developed forces are investigated. Changing the plate shapes can results in more energy extraction from the device.

Mahmood, F & Huynh, P 1970, 'Flow About an Oscillating Plate Used to Extract Sea-Wave Energy', Proceedings of the 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, ASME, Denver, Colorado, USA, pp. 1-7.
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As a sea wave comes to the shore then recedes from it, there is significant energy associated with the movement of the wave's water. One way to extract this energy is to have the moving water push and pull on an oscillating vane. This work examines numerically the flow and forces associated with such a vane in a typical wave condition, using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package. The vane is a rectangular plate hinged at one edge and oscillating about it. Effects of plates shape on the flow pattern and developed forces are investigated. Changing the plate shapes can results in more energy extraction from the device.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Nonlinear excitation controller for power systems using Zero dynamic design approach', 2011 North American Power Symposium, 2011 North American Power Symposium (NAPS 2011), IEEE, pp. 1-6.
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This paper presents a nonlinear excitation controller design technique for interconnected power systems. A zero dynamic design approach is used to design the controller which is useful when the system is partially linearizable and the obtained control law, using this approach is simpler as compared to that of a fully or exactly linearizable system. The performance of this controller is tested on a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system over a wide variation of operating region and compared to the nonlinear excitation controller which is designed using the concept of exact linearization. Simulation results show that the proposed control scheme can improve the stability of power systems, regardless of operating points and the performance is very similar to that of exactly linearized controller. © 2011 IEEE.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Nonlinear observer design for interconnected power systems', Proceedings of the 2011 Australian Control Conference Aucc 2011, pp. 161-166.
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This paper presents a generalized nonlinear observer design method for interconnected power systems. The concepts of nonlinear coordinate transformation, Lie derivative, and relative degree are used to design the observer for power systems. In this proposed design framework, the both cases are considered-when the relative degree of a nonlinear system is equal to the order of the system and when the relative degree is not equal to the order of the system. The nonlinear observer gain is calculated from the Jacobian of nonlinear coordinate transformation. The main advantages of this design technique is the simplicity to construct the unmeasured states and applications to other fields. The proposed observer is simulated on a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system to construct all the states of power system and a comparison between the actual states and observed states is also presented. © 2011 ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA & AUSTRALIAN OPTICAL.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Selection of output function in nonlinear feedback linearizing excitation control for power systems', Proceedings of the 2011 Australian Control Conference Aucc 2011, pp. 458-463.
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The selection of output function for nonlinear feedback linearizing controller is an important task as the design of controller depends on the output function of the systems. This paper present a detailed analysis to select the output function to design nonlinear feedback linearizing excitation controller for power systems. Depending on the relative degree of the system which depends on the output function of the system, different approaches of feedback linearization needs to be used for the design of nonlinear control. In this paper, different approaches are discussed with suitable output functions and some of these may not be practical. Based on a practical output function, a nonlinear feedback linearizing excitation controller is designed and tested for single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system. © 2011 ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA & AUSTRALIAN OPTICAL.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Worst case scenario for large distribution networks with distributed generation', 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2011 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, IEEE, Detroit, MI, pp. 1-7.
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Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Ali, MS 1970, 'Generalized Lyapunov function for stability analysis of interconnected power systems', 2011 21st Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference Aupec 2011, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.
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The formulation of Lyapunov function is necessary to analyze the stability of a system. This paper presents an idea for formulating generalized Lyapunov function for the stability analysis of interconnected power systems. Lyapunov function is formulated based on the total energy of power system where the system is considered as a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system. The negative definiteness of the derivative of proposed Lyapunov function is proved through the application of zero dynamic control law. This paper also presents the formulation of control Lyapunov function to design a excitation controller for the generator. The performance of control Lyapunov function based excitation is tested on the SMIB system. © 2011 Queensland Univ of Tech.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Ali, MS 1970, 'Zero dynamic excitation controller design for power system with dynamic load', 2011 21st Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference Aupec 2011, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.
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This paper presents a novel approach of excitation controller design for power system with dynamic load where induction motor is considered as the dynamic load. To design the controller, zero dynamic design approach of feedback linearization is used. The zero dynamic design approach is applicable when the system is partially linearized. The paper also presents the linearizability of power system with dynamic load. Based on the partial linearizability, a zero dynamic excitation control law is derived for power system with dynamic load and the performance of the designed controller on a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) with induction motor load through some simulation results. © 2011 Queensland Univ of Tech.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Nasiruzzaman, ABM 1970, 'Voltage control of distribution networks with distributed generation using reactive power compensation', IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 985-990.
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Mairiza, D & Zowghi, D 1970, 'Constructing a Catalogue of Conflicts among Non-functional Requirements', Communications in Computer and Information Science, International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Athens, Greece, pp. 31-44.
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Non-Functional Requirements (NFRs) are recognized as a critical factor to the success of software projects because they address the essential issue of software quality. NFRs tend to interfere, conflict, and contradict with one another and this conflict is widely acknowledged as one of the key characteristics of NFRs. Several models of NFRs conflicts have been proposed and the interacting nature of NFRs has been characterized as either positive or negative inter-relationships among NFRs. Positive relationship represents a pair of NFRs that are supporting each other while negative relationship represents those NFRs that are conflicting with one another. Furthermore, as NFRs are also relative, the interpretation of NFRs may vary depending on many factors such as the context of the system being developed and the extent of stakeholders’ involvement. The multiple interpretations of NFRs may lead to positive or negative inter-relationships that are not always obvious. These relationships may change depending on the meaning of NFRs in the system being developed. Hence, the existing potential conflicts models remain in disagreement with one other. This paper presents the result of an extensive and systematic investigation of the extant literature over the notion of NFRs and the conflicts among them. Rigorous synthesis of the carefully reviewed literature has resulted in the construction of a catalogue of NFRs conflicts with respect to NFRs relative characteristic. The relativity of conflicts is characterized by three categories: absolute conflict; relative conflict; and never conflict. This comprehensive catalogue could assist software developers with identifying the NFRs conflicts, performing conflicts analysis, and suggesting potential strategies to resolve these conflicts. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011.

Makki, SK, Srirangam, NB, Aiswarya, VS & Yu, S 1970, 'Utilizing Intelligent Middleware for Reconfiguration of Applications on Android', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 81-89.
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The recent technological advances in mobile communication and handheld devices transform the existing mobile phones to powerful computers with variety of functionalities and capabilities. This evolution has led to development of advanced applications such as maps and navigation, social networking, enhanced games, and many more which can be utilized by thesephones. However, these smartphoneshave several limitations such as, limited energy, memory and processing power. These constraints limit the ability of thesephones for performing complex tasks, or computationally intensive tasks at a constant level of performance for thesephonesto match the users' desires. Therefore, in this paper we develop an intelligent middleware to enhance the capabilities of these handheld devices. This middleware allows the device to switch applications from executing locally to executing remotely. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Manamperi, P, Brooks, PA, Kaluarachchi, W, Peters, G, Ho, A, Lie, S, To, AW, Paul, G, Rushton-Smith, D, Webb, SS, Liu, D & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Robotic Grit-blasting: Engineering Challenges', Austroads 8th Bridge Conference: Sustainable Bridges: The Thread of Society, Austroads Bridge Conference, 2011 Austroads Bridge Conference (ABC 2011), Sydney, Australia, pp. 321-330.
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Infrastructure shortage and aging are worldwide issues. Australia, in particular, faces unique challenges in maintaining infrastructures such as roadways and bridges. Corrosion is the primary cause of failure in steel bridges, and is minimised by painting the steel structure. Stripping of rust and deteriorated paint by grit-blasting is an effective and practical method. However, grit-blasting operation is extremely labour intensive and hazardous. It is one of the biggest expenditure items in bridge maintenance operations. Robotics technologies can provide effective solutions to assist bridge maintenance workers in grit blasting. Since 2005, the NSW Roads & Traffic Authority (RTA) and the Centre of Excellence for Autonomous Systems at the University of Technology, Sydney have been working together in developing a robotic system for assisting bridge maintenance workers, with the ultimate objective of preventing human exposure to hazardous and dangerous dust containing rust, paint particles and lead, relieving human workers from labor intensive tasks, and reducing costs associated with bridge maintenance. A prototype robotic system has been developed and tested in both lab setup and on-site. Many engineering issues have been identified for deploying such a system in the field. This paper will present these issues and discuss the solutions.

Mao, Q & Tsang, IW-H 1970, 'Optimizing Performance Measures for Feature Selection', 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Data Mining, 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM), IEEE, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 1170-1175.
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Feature selection with specific multivariate performance measures is the key to the success of many applications, such as information retrieval and bioinformatics. The existing feature selection methods are usually designed for classification error. In this paper, we present a unified feature selection framework for general loss functions. In particular, we study the novel feature selection paradigm by optimizing multivariate performance measures. The resultant formulation is a challenging problem for high-dimensional data. Hence, a two-layer cutting plane algorithm is proposed to solve this problem, and the convergence is presented. Extensive experiments on largescale and high-dimensional real world datasets show that the proposed method outperforms l1-SVM and SVM-RFE when choosing a small subset of features, and achieves significantly improved performances over SVMperf in terms of F1-score.

Mao, Y, Cui, K, Lulu, W, Zhao, H, Nie, F, Brandl, M, Beck, D, Gao, L & Wong, S 1970, 'An in-silico approach for drug repositioning to tumour anti-migration using an integrated genomic strategy', 2011 IEEE/NIH Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop (LiSSA), 2011 IEEE/NIH 5th Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop (LiSSA), IEEE, Bethesda, MD, USA, pp. 88-91.
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Cell migration is a key step for deterioration of many in situ or metastasis malignant tumours. Tumour anti-migration is a promising strategy to treat cancer, but corresponding drugs developed under such a strategy are still in dire poverty, partly due to the lengthly process of drug trials and approval required by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Given there are thousands of FDA approved drugs in the market, we believe that drug repositioning may provide a fast and cost-effective way to identify potential anti-migration drugs. In this paper, an in-silico drug screening method using a genomic strategy is proposed for the goal, in which genomic signature identification combined with support vector machine modelling is adopted to estimate drug efficacy. And a high-throughput, sensitive, 3-dimensional invasion assay by quantitative bioluminescence imaging proved the performance of proposed method on in vitro disease models. © 2011 IEEE.

Marin, JAG, Lawrence, E, Navarro, KF & Sax, C 1970, 'Heuristic Evaluation for Interactive Games within Elderly Users', PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EHEALTH, TELEMEDICINE, AND SOCIAL MEDICINE (ETELEMED 2011), 3rd International Conference on eHealth, Telemedicine, and Social Medicine (eTELEMED), IARIA XPS PRESS, Gosier, FRANCE, pp. 130-133.
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This paper presents the results obtained after performing a number of demonstrations followed by a series of interviews concerning the usage of interactive games as a tool to improve both physical and mental well-being of elderly persons. This study points out the importance of a proper design regarding the usability of video games for the aged to ensure the elderly benefit from such games.

Marin, L, Merigo, JM, Valls, A, Moreno, A & Isern, D 1970, 'Induced Unbalanced Linguistic Ordered Weighted Average', Proceedings of the 7th conference of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology (EUSFLAT-2011), 7th conference of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology, Atlantis Press, Aix-les-Bains, FRANCE, pp. 1-8.
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Marjanovic, O 1970, 'Addressing the ICT-related challenges of business intelligence education', Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces, ITI, pp. 151-156.
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A growing number of free highquality educational resources, made available to BI (Business Intelligence) educators by the worldwide communities such as Teradata University Network (TUN), have started to gradually change the nature of ICT-related challenges in BI Education. From not having the adequate and free resources, the emphasis is now shifting to the challenge of designing innovative learning activities around these resources. This paper aims to make a theoretical and practical contribution to the emerging field of BI education by demonstrating a method of designing innovative learning activities at different cognitive and knowledge levels around given educational resources. The proposed method, founded in an educational framework known as the Revised Bloom's taxonomy, is illustrated by two examples of learning activities designed by the author and extensively tested in practice with large numbers of students.

Marjanovic, O 1970, 'Improving Knowledge-Intensive Health Care Processes beyond Efficiency.', ICIS, Association for Information Systems, pp. 219-233.
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Health care has been one of the most important domains for Business Process Management (BPM) research and practice for many years. Through an exploratory case study conducted in a real organization, here named SpecialClinic", this research aims to investigate what lies beyond "traditional" BPM, in particular process efficiency, as practiced by many organizations today. It focuses on customer-facing knowledgeintensive BPs in the case organization and aims to investigate their ongoing improvement. The main findings of this research challenge the main objectives of BP improvement (i.e. reduced costs, improved efficiency) as they show that some organizations are making their "to-be" processes slower and more expensive, yet significantly improved in terms of quality of patient care. In addition to its main research contribution related to new approaches to improvement of knowledgeintensive BPs, this work offers some important lessons for the BPM practitioners interested in expanding the current boundaries of BPM.

Marjanovic, O & Freeze, RD 1970, 'Knowledge Intensive Business Processes: Theoretical Foundations and Research Challenges.', HICSS, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 1-10.
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In very recent times, the pressing need to compete on the basis of human-centered knowledge rather than process automation, has expanded the field of Business Process Management (BPM) to include knowledge intensive business processes. This paper proposes a theoretical framework that combines the related research in BPM and Knowledge Management (KM) fields, including a holistic model of BPM, a process/knowledge continuum and the so-called reversed knowledge pyramid. More precisely, this conceptual paper analyses the reversed knowledge pyramid, along the process/knowledge continuum, taking a holistic approach. This, in turn, sets the much-needed foundations explaining how strategy, processes, people, knowledge and technology (both KM and BPM) all fit together for different types of BPs and create opportunities for value creation and competitive differentiation. The proposed multidisciplinary framework is also used to indentify the key research questions that lie at the intersect of BPM and human-centered KM and require a multidisciplinary approach. © 2011 IEEE.

Marjanovic, O & Roose, R 1970, 'BI-Enabled, Human-Centric Business Process Improvement in a Large Retail Company.', HICSS, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 1-9.
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This research aims to critically analyse an innovative approach to Business Intelligence (BI) and Business Process Management (BPM) integration, achieved through BI-enabled BP improvement, founded in human-centered Knowledge Management (KM). The analysis is based on recent theoretical frameworks found in the related disciplines of BPM, BI and KM. The main objectives of this paper are to identify and analyse the unique characteristics of this innovative approach to BP improvement that to the best of authors' knowledge has not been considered by the current BI and BPM literature. The illustrative example used in this paper is currently being implemented by a large retail company in Australia. © 2011 IEEE.

Marjanovic, O & Roztocki, N 1970, 'Global Knowledge-Intensive Business Process: Extending the Boundaries of Business Process Management.', AMCIS, Association for Information Systems, pp. 745-754.
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This paper proposes to extend the existing boundaries of Business Process Management (BPM) to include an emerging category of processes, here termed Global Knowledge-Intensive Business Processes (GKIBP). These processes differ from other global processes, such as supply chains and collaborative cross-organizational business processes (BPs), as their main outcome is a commercial knowledge artifact, co-created trough coordinated activities of knowledge agents, that may or may not come from an organizational setting. Starting from a well-known model by Harmon (2007) used to describe the main components of BPM in an organizational setting, our research proposes a new framework more suitable for the targeted category of GKIBPs. Design of the proposed framework is founded in a case study of a real-life example of GKIBP based on crowdsourcing, also briefly described in this paper. The proposed framework is used for analysis of twenty-five papers published in the leading Information Systems journals. This resulting synthesis is then used to point to several research gaps and to propose several research opportunities.

Matekovits, L, Ranga, Y, Orefice, M & Esselle, KP 1970, 'Width-modulated microstrip line unit cell: A quasi-periodic combinational sequence for holographic array applications', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC), IEEE, Engineers Australia, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 923-926.
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Reflection of normally incident microwaves from a novel quasi-periodic High Impedance Surface is investigated. The quasi-periodic surface is formed by cascading similar, width-modulated microstrip line based unit cells. Parameter values in individual cells are changed to make the surface quasi-periodic. The reflections from quasi-periodic structures formed using sequences of different but similar unit cells are compared with the reflection from a truly periodic structure formed by identical unit cells. The effect of the order inside the quasi-periodic sequence is discussed. The proposed novel method enables efficient control the reflection phase and hence helps to reduce the design time for holographic surfaces and reflectarrays. © 2011 Engineers Australia.

Matekovits, L, Thalakotuna, DNP, Heimlich, M & Esselle, KP 1970, 'Wide-band matching of a tunable periodic structure in GaAs technology', 2011 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), 2011 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), IEEE, pp. 376-379.
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Wide-band matching of a tunable 1D periodic microwave structure, designed for fabrication in GaAs technology, is investigated. The two-layer unit cell of the periodic structure consists of a microstrip line loaded by multiple rectangular patches, which can be selectively short-circuited. The wide variation of the position of the bandgap, obtained by electrically controlled switches, induces a large variation of the effective dielectric constant in the considered wide frequency range. This effect is further reflected as a significant variation of the characteristic impedance, and hence a potentially high mismatch loss. A method for wide-band minimization of the mismatch (with respect to a 50ω reference impedance), without compromising the performance of the device, is presented. © 2011 IEEE.

Maynard, N, Tade, M, Lukey, G, Shallcross, D, Hadgraft, R, Dalvean, J, Cameron, I, Crosthwaite, C & Kavanagh, J 1970, 'Immersive and interactive learning environments - A tale of four plants', SEFI Annual Conference 2011, pp. 563-568.
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Four interactive and immerse virtual reality learning environments have been developed that allow students to move through processing facilities in their own time. While nothing replaces an actual site visit such a learning environment allows students to explore at their own pace many different aspects of the design and operation of such a plant. Students who may be mobility-impaired or suffer from some other form of disability may use such a learning environment that they might otherwise be unable to explore fully. The foundation of each of the learning environments is series of high-resolution, spherical photographic images captured across the sites on different vertical levels. The software used to generate the images allows the students to pivot their viewpoint both horizontally and vertically, as well as zooming in and out. Students may step between adjacent nodes using hot spots embedded in the image or by selecting nodes from a map of the facility. Activities embedded in each of the systems permit students to make connections between theories learnt in the class room and the reality in an operating plant.

McDougall, C, Fradet, E, Baroud, CN & McGloin, D 1970, 'Optical manipulation of 'drops on rails' in two dimensional microfluidic devices', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, SPIE, San Diego, CA, pp. 809710-809710.
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McGloin, D 1970, 'Towards cooling of optically trapped aerosols', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers.
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We review recent results in the optical manipulation of aerosols, considering work moving towards the study of supercooled liquid droplets and the analysis of the freezing process. We consider new aerosol production methods using SAWs. © 2011 OSA.

McGloin, D 1970, 'Towards cooling of optically trapped aerosols', Frontiers in Optics 2011/Laser Science XXVII, Frontiers in Optics, OSA, pp. FTuA2-FTuA2.
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McGregor Carolyn, Catley Christina, James Andrew & Padbury James 1970, 'Next Generation Neonatal Health Informatics with Artemis', Stud Health Technol Inform, 23 rd Conference of the European Federation of Medical Informatics (MIE), IOS Press, Netherlands, pp. 115-119.
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This paper describes the deployment of a platform to enable processing of currently uncharted high frequency, high fidelity, synchronous data from medical devices. Such a platform would support the next generation of informatics solutions for neonatal intensive care. We present Artemis, a platform for real-time enactment of clinical knowledge as it relates to multidimensional data analysis and clinical research. Through specific deployment examples at two different neonatal intensive care units, we demonstrate that Artemis supports: 1) instantiation of clinical rules; 2) multidimensional analysis; 3) distribution of services for critical care via cloud computing; and 4) accomplishing 1 through 3 using current technology without a negative impact on patient care.

McGregor, C 1970, 'A cloud computing framework for real-time rural and remote service of critical care', 2011 24th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS), 2011 24th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS), IEEE, pp. 1-6.
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Critical care patients in rural, remote and some urban healthcare facilities do not have the same level of access to intensivist specialist support as patients in higher care level urban critical care units (CCUs). New clinical research is also demonstrating that computationally intensive analysis of physiological data streams in near real-time has the potential to detect the onset of certain conditions earlier. The provision of clinical decision support tools, in a cost effective way to all CCUs has the potential to reduce mortality and morbidity rates, reduce critical care patient transportation between CCUs and in so doing reduce healthcare costs. This research presents Artemis Cloud, a cloud computing based Software-asa-Service and Data-as-a-Service approach for the provision of remote real-time patient monitoring and support for clinical research. This research is demonstrated using a neonatal intensive care unit case study supporting clinical research for earlier onset detection of late onset neonatal sepsis. © 2011 IEEE.

McGregor, C, Catley, C & James, A 1970, 'A process mining driven framework for clinical guideline improvement in critical care', CEUR Workshop Proceedings.
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This paper presents a framework for process mining in critical care. The framework uses the CRISP-DM model, extended to incorporate temporal and multidimensional aspects (CRISP-TDMn), combined with the Patient Journey Modeling Architecture (PaJMa), to provide a structured approach to knowledge discovery of new condition onset pathophysiologies in physiological data streams. The approach is based on temporal abstraction and mining of physiological data streams to develop process flow mappings that can be used to update patient journeys; instantiated in critical care within clinical practice guidelines. We demonstrate the framework within the neonatal intensive care setting, where we are performing clinical research in relation to pathophysiology within physiological streams of patients diagnosed with late onset neonatal sepsis. We present an instantiation of the framework for late onset neonatal sepsis, using CRISP-TDMn for the process mining model and PaJMa for the knowledge representation.

Mearns, H, Leaney, J, Parakhine, A, Debenham, J & Verchere, D 1970, 'An Autonomic Open Marketplace for Inter-Cloud Service Management', 2011 Fourth IEEE International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing, 2011 IEEE 4th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC 2011), IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 186-193.
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The rise of utility in cloud computing and telecommunications has introduced greater complexity in the provisioning and performance management of remote services. We propose extended management strategies for this complexity. Our overall aim is for the management to accept responsibility for the complex service in an open marketplace. Responsibility is, firstly, defined by aiming to cover the totality of modern complex services, managing both the connectivity and virtual infrastructure. Secondly, responsibility is further defined as managing risk and resilience in the provisioning and operation of the complex service. With these aims, we are working towards a bundled service provider agent architecture, which can negotiate on the open service market. This approach aims to also optimise the utilisation of the providers infrastructure while reducing the risk of failure to users through total service management. We present the specification, design and simulation of the bundled service agents in a marketplace environment. © 2011 IEEE.

Mehboob, Z, Zowghi, D & Lowe, D 1970, 'A process model of change impact analysis for web systems using design knowledge', Proceedings of the European, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems - Informing Responsible Management: Sustainability in Emerging Economies, EMCIS 2011, European, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems, EMCIS, Athens, Greece, pp. 582-595.
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Change impact analysis (CIA) approaches have been developed to identify the consequences of making changes to system artefacts and to support decision making with regards to those changes. There is a growing body of research on CIA approaches that specifically addresses changes and their impacts on architecture design. However, there is little research focus on approaches that particularly support the identification of impacts on architecture design resulting from business process changes i.e. early identification of change impacts in Web systems. In this paper we propose a process model of CIA(PMCIA) that employs design knowledge to support early identification of change impacts. This process model is described in three steps including analysing changes, tracing potential change impacts and implementing changes on architecture design. We also illustrate the process model through an exemplar case study.

Mejova, Y, De Schepper, K, Bergman, L & Lu, J 1970, 'Reuse in the Wild: An Empirical and Ethnographic Study of Organizational Content Reuse', 29TH ANNUAL CHI CONFERENCE ON HUMAN FACTORS IN COMPUTING SYSTEMS, 29th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY, CANADA, Vancouver, pp. 2877-2886.

Meng, CX, Shen, WH, Sun, Z, Zhong, SS & Esselle, KP 1970, 'A novel L/C-band dual-polarized half-perforated antenna element for SAR arrays', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, pp. 701-704.
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A novel half-perforated structure is proposed to conceive a dual-band dual-polarized antenna element design, aiming to broaden the impedance bandwidth in the lower band while keeping the antenna profile low. According to the simulations conducted using Ansoft HFSS 11.0, the impedance bandwidth (ΙS 11Ι≤-10dB) can be increased to 12.8% in the lower L-band, making it closer to that of the upper C-band (16.8%). Moreover, good radiation performance is maintained in both low and high-frequency bands. Hence the new concept is suitable for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) antenna applications. © 2011 Engineers Australia.

Merigo, JM 1970, 'A Unified Model for Fuzzy Aggregation Operators and its Application in Group Decision Making', Proceedings of the 7th conference of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology (EUSFLAT-2011), 7th conference of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology, Atlantis Press, Aix-les-Bains, FRANCE, pp. 965-972.
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Merigo, JM 1970, 'Decision making with probabilities, weighted averages and OWA operators', 2011 IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computational Intelligence (FOCI), 2011 Ieee Symposium On Foundations Of Computational Intelligence - Part Of 17273 - 2011 Sscifo, IEEE, pp. 122-129.
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We develop a new method for decision making based on the use of probabilities, weighted averages and ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operators. We analyze a method that it is able to deal with several aggregation structures thus obtaining a more general formulation that represents the information in a more complete way. We introduce a new aggregation operator that aggregates a wide range of other aggregation operators. Therefore, we can include in the same formulation a wide range of concepts and representing how relevant they are in the aggregation. We call it the unified aggregation operator. By using this aggregation operator we can deal with a wide range of complex structures, for example, we can aggregate in a decision making problem several structures of probabilities, weighted averages and OWA operators. Thus, the information we provide is more complete because in real world problems the information comes from different sources and this needs to be considered in the aggregation process. We study the applicability of this new approach and we see that it is very broad because real world problems are better assessed with this new model. We focus on a multi-person decision making example where we use several structures of probabilities, weighted averages and OWA operators, thus representing the subjective and the objective information and the attitudinal character in a more complete way. © 2011 IEEE.

Merigo, JM & Casanovas, M 1970, 'FUZZY GROUP DECISION MAKING IN RESEARCH MANAGEMENT', EDULEARN11: 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION AND NEW LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES, 3rd International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies (EDULEARN), IATED-INT ASSOC TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION & DEVELOPMENT, SPAIN, Barcelona, pp. 6057-6064.

Merigo, JM & Casanovas, M 1970, 'The Uncertain Generalized Probabilistic Weighted Average and its Application in the Theory of Expertons', Proceedings of the 7th conference of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology (EUSFLAT-2011), 7th conference of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology, Atlantis Press, Aix-les-Bains, FRANCE, pp. 852-859.
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Merigo, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 1970, 'Financial decision making with distance measures and induced probabilistic generalized aggregation operators', 2011 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering and Economics (CIFEr), Economics -Part Of 17273 - 2011 Ssci, IEEE, pp. 1-8.
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We develop a new financial decision making approach by using induced and probabilistic generalized aggregation operators. We introduce the induced generalized probabilistic ordered weighted averaging distance (IGPOWAD) operator and some of its main properties. Its main advantage is that it uses distance measures in a unified framework between the probability and the OWA operator where we can consider the degree of importance of each concept in the aggregation. Moreover, it also uses order-inducing variables that represent complex reordering processes in the aggregation. We develop an application of this new approach in a financial multi-person decision making problem regarding the selection of financial strategies. We see that the opinion of several experts provides more robust information for the decision maker. © 2011 IEEE.

Merigo, JM, Lopez-Jurado, P & Carmen Gracia, M 1970, 'MAKING DECISIONS IN EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT WITH PROBABILISTIC AND IMPRECISE INFORMATION', EDULEARN11: 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION AND NEW LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES, 3rd International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies (EDULEARN), IATED-INT ASSOC TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION & DEVELOPMENT, SPAIN, Barcelona, pp. 6041-6051.

Mihăită, S & Mocanu, S 1970, 'An energy model for event-based control of a switched integrator', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, Elsevier BV, pp. 2413-2418.
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In this paper we present a method for constructing an approximative stationary energy model of a stochastic switching system while applying event-based control. The main model used is a multi-state integrator with random switching behavior, upon event occurrence, which has been described using a continuous Markov chain. Applying event-based control has been done in the purpose of maintaining the continuous system state variable between extreme boundaries. The sojourn times and the probabilities to hit the limits have also been used for the computation of the average energy consumed during the stationary mode of the Markov chain. Mean times between intermediary stopping points and extreme limits are also provided as well as a quadratic criterion for square deviations from imposed target limits. © 2011 IFAC.

Milne, DN & Witten, IH 1970, 'A link-based visual search engine for Wikipedia', Proceedings of the 11th annual international ACM/IEEE joint conference on Digital libraries, JCDL '11: Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, ACM, pp. 223-226.
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This paper introduces HMpara, a new search engine that aims to make Wikipedia easier to explore. It works on top of the encyclopedia's existing link structure, abstracting away from document content and allowing users to navigate the resource at a higher level. It utilizes semantic relatedness measures to emphasize articles and connections that are most likely to be of interest, visualization to expose the structure of how the available information is organized, and lightweight information extraction to explain itself. © 2011 ACM.

Milne, DN & Witten, IH 1970, 'Exploring Wikipedia with HMpara', Proceedings of the 11th annual international ACM/IEEE joint conference on Digital libraries, JCDL '11: Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, ACM, pp. 453-454.
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Miro, JV, Black, R, De Bruijn, F, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Semi-Autonomous Competency Assessment of Powered Mobility Device Users', 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REHABILITATION ROBOTICS (ICORR), IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, IEEE, Zurich, Switzerland, pp. 1-6.
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This paper describes a stand-alone sensor package and algorithms for aiding the assessment by an occupational therapist whether a person has the capacity to safely and effectively operate a powered mobility device such as a walking aid or a wheelchair. The sensor package employed consists of a laser range finder, an RGB camera and an inertial measurement unit that can be attached to any mobility device with minimal modifications. Algorithms for capturing the data received by the sensor package and for generating the map of the environment as well as the trajectory of the mobility device have been developed. Such information presents occupational therapists with the capability to provide a quantitative assessment of whether patients are ready to be safely deployed with mobile aids for their daily activities. Preliminary evaluation of the sensor package and associated algorithms based on experiments, conducted at the premises of the Prince of Wales Hospital in Sydney, are presented. © 2011 IEEE.

Miro, JV, Zhou, W, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'A Strategy for Efficient Observation Pruning in Multi-Objective 3D SLAM', 2011 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 1640-1646.
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An efficient automatic solution to the feature-based simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) of mobile robots operating in conditions where a number of competing objectives operate simultaneously is proposed. The formulation quantitatively measures the merit of incoming data with respect to multiple priorities, automatically adjusting the amount of observations to be used in the estimation process for the best possible combined outcome. The methodology enables a selection mechanism which can efficiently exploit the observations available to the robot to best fulfil the objectives of differing tasks throughout the course of a mission, e.g. localisation, mapping, exploration, feature distribution, searching for specific objects or victims, etc. The work is particularly motivated by navigation in three-dimensional terrains, and an example considering the objectives of robot localisation and map expansion in a search and rescue environment using an RGB-D camera is utilised for discussion and results. © 2011 IEEE.

Moghaddam, Z & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Robust density modelling using the student's t-distribution for human action recognition', 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2011), IEEE, Brussels Belgium, pp. 3261-3264.
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The extraction of human features from videos is often inaccurate and prone to outliers. Such outliers can severely affect density modelling when the Gaussian distribution is used as the model since it is highly sensitive to outliers. The Gaussian distribution is also often used as base component of graphical models for recognising human actions in the videos (hidden Markov model and others) and the presence of outliers can significantly affect the recognition accuracy. In contrast, the Student's t-distribution is more robust to outliers and can be exploited to improve the recognition rate in the presence of abnormal data. In this paper, we present an HMM which uses mixtures of t-distributions as observation probabilities and show how experiments over two well-known datasets (Weizmann, MuHAVi) reported a remarkable improvement in classification accuracy.

Moreno-De Las Heras, M, Saco, PM & Willgoose, GR 1970, 'Linking surface hydrological connectivity patterns with landscape functionality in semiarid Australian ecosystems', 34th IAHR Congress 2011 - Balance and Uncertainty: Water in a Changing World, Incorporating the 33rd Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium and the 10th Conference on Hydraulics in Water Engineering, pp. 3097-3104.
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Water-limited ecosystems generally show self-organized spatial patterns as mosaic-like structures of sources and sinks of water runoff and sediments with variable interconnection. Variations in climate and land uses can disrupt the spatial organization of vegetation and change hydrologic response, causing a substantial loss of water and soil resources by increasing landscape hydrological connectivity and, hence, affecting ecosystem functionality. We explore the connectivity patterns (i.e. flowlength probability distribution) obtained from the coupled analysis of satellite images and digital elevation models from several well preserved and degraded semiarid Mulga landscapes with banded vegetation. Our analysis reveals a major role of surface connectivity in ecosystem function. Indeed, actual connectivity patterns are tightly linked to the spatial organization of vegetation while, at the same time, show a high sensitivity to degradation processes, suggesting a threshold behaviour upon landscape functionality. These results highlight connectivity patterns as practical indicators for monitoring the landscape health in drylands.

Moritz, J, Sun, Y & Zhu, X 1970, 'Programmable analogue baseband filters for software defined and cognitive radio', 2011 IEEE 54th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2011 IEEE 54th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), IEEE, Seoul, South Korea, pp. 1-4.
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Analogue baseband filters are an important circuit for channel select and anti-aliasing in wireless and mobile communication systems. For software and cognitive radio, they must be widely tunable and reconfigurable to accommodate existing, emerging and future wireless and mobile standards. In this paper, design considerations of programmable analogue baseband filters for highly-integrated multi-standard receivers are presented. Design challenges, filter structures and circuit techniques (active-RC and g m -C) are described. On-chip tuning methods are also discussed. © 2011 IEEE.

Moshiri, F, Gerber, C & Crews, KI 1970, 'State of the art on Timber Concrete Composite floor', Concrete 2011 Building a Sustainable Future, Concrete Institute of Australia - Biennial Conference, The Concrete Institute of Australia, Perth, Australia, pp. 1-12.
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Interest in timber-concrete composite (TCC) floors has increased over the last 20-30 years. Since the 1990âs, TCC solution is seen as a viable and effective alternative to conventional reinforced concrete and/or traditional timber floors in multistorey buildings. In TCC technology, a timber beam, either solid wood, glued laminated or laminated veneer lumber (LVL), is connected to a concrete slab using a connection system that resists shear forces and impedes slip between the members of the composite section. The strength, stiffness, location and number of connectors play a crucial role for the composite action and determine the structural and serviceability performance of the floor system. This paper discusses the state of the art of TCC structures. It presents a comprehensive review of the literature about the development and structural behaviour of TCC structures. The review addresses construction aspects and shear connection concepts. It evaluates experimental tests, finite element and numerical models. It discusses the influence of concrete elements. As recommendations, the best types of shear connection for cast in-situ and prefabricated TCC floors are put forward and assessed for criteria such as strength, stiffness, ductility and ease of manufacturing. Furthermore the most relevant numerical models are introduced. These models can be used to further the experimental results in parameters such as connections, configurations, geometrical and material properties.

Movassaghi, S, Abolhasan, M & Lipman, J 1970, 'Hierarchical Collision-free Addressing Protocol(HCAP) for Body Area Networks', 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), IEEE INFOCOM 2011 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 543-548.
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In Body Area Networks (BANs) the addressing scheme used to address nodes is fundamental to the effective operation of a BAN. This paper proposes a novel BAN addressing scheme called Hierarchical Collision-free Addressing Protocol (HCAP). Proposed scheme is collision free, reduces power consumption and tackles the address wastage problem. Two important scenarios (random location and fixed location) are defined and studied. Through a series of simulation results we show the efficiency and usability of the proposed scheme in Body Area Networks. © 2011 IEEE.

Movassaghi, S, Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J & IEEE 1970, 'Optimized Prophet Address Allocation (OPAA) for Body Area Networks', 2011 7TH INTERNATIONAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND MOBILE COMPUTING CONFERENCE (IWCMC), ACM International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IEEE, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 2098-2102.
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Each node in a Body Area Network (BAN) needs to be assigned with a free IP address before it may participate in any sort of communication. This paper evaluates the performance of an IP address allocation scheme, namely Prophet allocation to be used for BANs. This allocation scheme is a fully decentralized addressing scheme which is applicable to BANs as it provides low latency, low communication overhead and low complexity. Relative theoretical analysis and simulation experiments have also been conducted to demonstrate its benefits which also represent the reason for the choice of this allocation scheme. It also solves the issues related to network partition and merger efficiently. © 2011 IEEE.

Mudugamuwa, DJ, Wenjing Jia, Xiangjian He & Jie Yang 1970, 'An overcomplete pyramid representation for improved gsm image denoising', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1-6.
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Removing noise from a digital image is a challenging problem. Application of Gaussian Scale Mixtures (GSM) in the wavelet domain has been reported to be one of the most effective denoising algorithms, published to date. In this paper we investigate the impact of overcomplete wavelet image representations on the GSM image denoising algorithm. We explore the desirable local characteristics of wavelet coefficients that can enhance the efficiency of GSM denoising and based on the findings, we devise an improved over-complete pyramid representation to enhance the GSM denoising performance. We present the experimental denoising results using the proposed pyramid representation, and they outperform state-of-the-art GSM denoising results reported in the literature. © 2011 IEEE.

Mujtaba, M & Nanda, P 1970, 'Analysis of BGP security vulnerabilities', Proceedings of the 9th Australian Information Security Management Conference, Australian Information Security Management Conference, SECAU- Security Research Centre, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Citigate Hotel, Perth, pp. 204-214.
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Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a dynamic routing protocol in the Internet that allows Autonomous System (AS) to exchange information with other networks. The main goal of BGP is to provide a loop free path to the destination. Security has been a major issue for BGP and due to a large number of attacks on routers; it has resulted in router misconfiguration, power failure and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. Detection and prevention of attacks in router at early stages of implementation has been a major research focus in the past few years. In this research paper, we compare three statistical based anomaly detection algorithms (CUSUM, adaptive threshold and k-mean cluster) through experiment. We then carry out analysis, based on detection probability, false alarm rate and capture intensity (high & low) on the attacked routers.

Mujtaba, M & Nanda, P 1970, 'Analysis of the BGP Security Vulnerabilities', 9th Australian Information Security Management Conference, Australian Information Security Management Conference, Security Research Centre, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, pp. 204-214.
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Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a dynamic routing protocol in the Internet that allows Autonomous System (AS) to exchange information with other networks. The main goal of BGP is to provide a loop free path to the destination. Security has been a major issue for BGP and due to a large number of attacks on routers; it has resulted in router misconfiguration, power failure and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. Detection and prevention of attacks in router at early stages of implementation has been a major research focus in the past few years. In this research paper, we compare three statistical based anomaly detection algorithms (CUSUM, adaptive threshold and k-mean cluster) through experiment. We then carry out analysis, based on detection probability, false alarm rate and capture intensity (high & low) on the attacked routers.

Mullard, J & Stewart, M 1970, 'Repair efficiency and Life-Cycle Cost of RC bridge deck maintenance subjected to spatially variable corrosion damage', Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering -Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, CRC Press, pp. 2257-2265.
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Corrosion of the reinforcing steel can cause cover cracking and eventual spalling of Reinforced Concrete (RC) surfaces resulting in costly and disruptive repairs. The paper presents a probabilistic reliability analysis which is used to predict the likelihood and extent of corrosion-induced cracking to RC structures. A spatial time-dependent reliability model has been developed where concrete properties, concrete cover and the surface chloride concentrations are treated as random fields. This allows for the calculation of the probability that a given extent of damage will occur for any time period. Three primary maintenance strategies will be considered: i) patch repair, ii) preventative repair, and iii) complete rehabilitative overlay. Incorporated into each of the above maintenance strategies are two repair efficiency factors which take into account varying time to corrosion initiation and corrosion rate of the repair material. These maintenance strategies and repair efficiencies are incorporated in a Monte-Carlo event-based simulation analysis. Results are presented for a RC bridge deck subject to a marine environment. The Life-Cycle Cost analysis considers construction, repair and user delay costs. This predictive capability enables the extent of future repair costs to be more realistically estimated and the optimal maintenance strategies determined © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Munro, WJ, Devitt, SJ & Nemoto, K 1970, 'Designing quantum repeaters and networks', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, SPIE, San Diego, CA, pp. 816307-816307.
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Munro, WJ, Devitt, SJ, Stephens, AM, Nemoto, K, Ralph, T & Lam, PK 1970, 'High Bandwidth Quantum Communication', AIP Conference Proceedings, QUANTUM COMMUNICATION, MEASUREMENT AND COMPUTING (QCMC): The Tenth International Conference, AIP, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA, pp. 47-50.
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Munro, WJ, Stephens, AM, Devitt, SJ & Nemoto, K 1970, 'Quantum communication without memories or shared entanglement', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, pp. 413-414.
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Long-range quantum communication and its associated repeater network are a necessity for any future quantum Internet. The performance of such networks is currently limited by the time it takes to establish entangled links between the appropriate parties on the network. Typically this scales as the round trip time for a signal to be transmitted between those parties. We present in this talk the design of a communications network for the direct transfer of quantum information where the rate at which quantum data can be transmitted is not limited by the distance the information needs to be sent but instead by the time to perform efficient local gate operations. Our scheme requires neither the establishment of entanglement between communication nodes nor the use of long-lived quantum memories. Our scheme thus provides a much higher communications rate than in standard teleportation based schemes. © 2011 AOS.

Munro, WJ, Stephens, AM, Devitt, SJ & Nemoto, K 1970, 'Quantum communication without memories or shared entanglement', 2011 International Quantum Electronics Conference (IQEC) and Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) Pacific Rim incorporating the Australasian Conference on Optics, Lasers and Spectroscopy and the Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology, 2011 International Quantum Electronics Conference (IQEC) and Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) Pacific Rim, IEEE, pp. 413-414.
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Long-range quantum communication and its associated repeater network are a necessity for any future quantum Internet. The performance of such networks is currently limited by the time it takes to establish entangled links between the appropriate parties on the network. Typically this scales as the round trip time for a signal to be transmitted between those parties. We present in this talk the design of a communications network for the direct transfer of quantum information where the rate at which quantum data can be transmitted is not limited by the distance the information needs to be sent but instead by the time to perform efficient local gate operations. Our scheme requires neither the establishment of entanglement between communication nodes nor the use of long-lived quantum memories. Our scheme thus provides a much higher communications rate than in standard teleportation based schemes. © 2011 IEEE.

Munro, WJ, Stephens, AM, Devitt, SJ & Nemoto, K 1970, 'Quantum Communication without memories or shared entanglement', Proceedings of the International Quantum Electronics Conference and Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim 2011, International Quantum Electronics Conference, OSA, pp. I182-I182.
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Musat, CC, Velcin, J, Rizoiu, M-A & Trausan-Matu, S 1970, 'Concept-Based Topic Model Improvement.', ISMIS Industrial Session, Springer, pp. 133-142.
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We propose a system which employs conceptual knowledge to improve topic models by removing unrelated words from the simplified topic description. We use WordNet to detect which topical words are not conceptually similar to the others and then test our assumptions against human judgment. Results obtained on two different corpora in different test conditions show that the words detected as unrelated had a much greater probability than the others to be chosen by human evaluators as not being part of the topic at all. We prove that there is a strong correlation between the said probability and an automatically calculated topical fitness and we discuss the variation of the correlation depending on the method and data used. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Musat, CC, Velcin, J, Trausan-Matu, S & Rizoiu, M-A 1970, 'Improving Topic Evaluation Using Conceptual Knowledge.', IJCAI, IJCAI/AAAI, pp. 1866-1871.
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The growing number of statistical topic models led to the need to better evaluate their output. Traditional evaluation means estimate the model's fitness to unseen data. It has recently been proven than the output of human judgment can greatly differ from these measures. Thus the need for methods that better emulate human judgment is stringent. In this paper we present a system that computes the conceptual relevance of individual topics from a given model on the basis of information drawn from a given concept hierarchy, in this case WordNet. The notion of conceptual relevance is regarded as the ability to attribute a concept to each topic and separate words related to the topic from the unrelated ones based on that concept. In multiple experiments we prove the correlation between the automatic evaluation method and the answers received from human evaluators, for various corpora and difficulty levels. By changing the evaluation focus from a statistical one to a conceptual one we were able to detect which topics are conceptually meaningful and rank them accordingly.

Musiol, J, Zaeh, MF & Guertler, MR 1970, 'Contribution on modelling the remote ablation cutting', International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics, ICALEO® 2011: 30th International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing, Laser Institute of America, pp. 369-377.
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Remote Ablation Cutting (RAC) with continuous wave lasers holds a lot of untapped potential for laser material processing. High speed cutting for thin metal sheets and foils as well as box or tube processing without inside spatter contamination are only two benefits. In order to develop RAC further for an industrial application, gaining of a better understanding of the process mechanisms is essential. In this article, main influencing parameters are investigated and a first model to describe the process behaviour is presented. For that purpose different experimental methods like high speed camera observations and longitudinal cross-sections along the cutting kerf were adapted to the special requirements of the RAC. With this article a further step to achieve the goal of a fundamental understanding of the process shall be contributed.

Myint, H & Nanda, P 1970, 'An Integrated Model Supporting Billing and QOS in the Internet', 2011 12th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing, Distributed Computing, IEEE, Sydney Australia, pp. 38-44.
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This article develops a charging scheme that is simple and easily usable for the users and provides them with the incentives to use only the resources they need. This scheme is developed on the time-volume charging approach to show how the contributing providers can share the total charge earned by each mobile and wireless service instance in a fair way, with each provider collecting the portion of charge that corresponds to the consumption of its own resources for the service. This is also an important issue for the commercial viability of mobile services to mobile users, given that its provision spans multiple domains. Our proposed architecture is compliant to the relevant standards and can serve as a basis for applying other Internet charging schemes as well. © 2011 IEEE.

Naderpour, M, Lu, J & Kerre, E 1970, 'A Conceptual Model for Risk-Based Situation Awareness', FOUNDATIONS OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (ISKE 2011), International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering, Springer, Shanghai, China, pp. 297-+.
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Situation Awareness is the perception of the elements in the environment within a volume of time and space, the comprehension of their meaning and the projection of their status in the near future. It is a crucial factor in decision-making in a dynamic environment particularly with certain degrees of risk, called risk-based situation awareness. In this paper we first explore the most popular models in situation awareness, data fusion and risk assessment. We show how they complement each other in developing a conceptual model for risk-based situation awareness. We will also demonstrate how this model can be used to support decision-making in a dynamic environment. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Navarro, KF, Lawrence, E, Marin, JAG & Sax, C 1970, 'A Dynamic and Customisable Layered Serious Game Design Framework for Improving the Physical and Mental Health of the Aged and the Infirm', PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EHEALTH, TELEMEDICINE, AND SOCIAL MEDICINE (ETELEMED 2011), 3rd International Conference on eHealth, Telemedicine, and Social Medicine (eTELEMED), IARIA XPS PRESS, Gosier, FRANCE, pp. 140-145.
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This paper proposes a dynamic and customizable layered serious game design framework for improving the physical and mental health of the aged after presenting the results obtained from a study with mainstream and alternative/complimentary health professionals concerning the usage of interactive games as a tool to improve both physical and mental well-being of the elderly. This study reports on the commonality of design and health factors regarding the usability of video games for the aged to ensure the elderly benefit from traditional and alternative healthcare professionalsâ perspectives.

Nazem, M, Kardani, M, Carter, JP & Sheng, D 1970, 'Application of h-adaptive fe method for dynamic analysis of geotechnical problems', Computational Geomechanics Comgeo II Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Computational Geomechanics, pp. 490-495.
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h-adaptive finite element procedures automatically change and optimise the density of a finite element mesh in a region to obtain a more accurate solution or to avoid mesh distortion in large deformation problems. These goals are usually achieved by generating a new finite element mesh over the integration domain based upon an error estimation or a distortion criterion. In this study an h-adaptive finite element method is suggested to solve dynamic problems of geomechanics involving large deformations. This hadaptive technique is based upon an implicit Updated-Lagrangian method, in which mesh distortion and entanglement of elements are intrinsic pitfalls. A summary of the h-adaptive technique is presented by introducing its important aspects such as error estimation, remapping of time-dependent state variables, and dynamic equilibrium checks. The efficiency and robustness of the method is demonstrated by considering numerical examples characterised by inertia forces and large deformations.

Nejadi, S & Aslani, F 1970, 'Evaluation and Comparison of the Compressive Stress-Strain Relationships of Self-Compacting Concrete and Conventional Concrete', CONCRETE2011, BUILDING A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE, Concrete Institute of Australia - Biennial Conference, Concrete Institute of Australia, Perth, Western Australia, pp. 1-10.
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is considered as a concrete which can be placed and compacted under its own weight with little or no compaction. Whereas it is while being cohesive enough to be handled without segregation or bleeding at the same time. It is used to facilitate and ensure proper filling of the complex and multipart formworks and good structural performance in the heavily reinforced structural members. Modification in the mix design of SCC may have a significant influence on the materialâs mechanical properties. Therefore, it is important to investigate that whether all of the assumed hypotheses for conventional concrete (CC) to design the structures are also valid for SCC construction. The stress-strain curve represents the deformation and strength characteristics and it is an important material behaviour of the concrete. However, due to various influencing factors and the differences between SCC and CC, the proposed curves differ. Hence, it is necessary to study the stress-strain relationship of SCC with its special material composition. This paper reviews the accuracy of the well known stress-strain relationships under uniaxial compression including: Hognestad (8), Smith and Young (9), Desayi and Krishnan (10), Saenz (11), Collins and Mitchell (12) and Mazars and Pijaudier-Cabot (13) that have been developed based on the CC experimental results and are compared with the SCC stress-strain curves experimental results for uniaxial compression available in the literature.

Nemoto, K, Devitt, SJ, Stephens, AM & Munro, WJ 1970, 'Integration of highly probabilistic sources into optical quantum architectures', International Conference on Quantum Information, International Conference on Quantum Information, OSA, pp. QTuC2-QTuC2.
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Neshat, M & Adeli, A 1970, 'Designing a fuzzy expert system to predict the concrete mix design', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Measurement Systems and Applications (CIMSA) Proceedings, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Measurement Systems and Applications (CIMSA), IEEE, pp. 1-6.
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Neshat, M & Adeli, A 1970, 'Designing A Fuzzy Expert System to Predict the Concrete Mix Design', 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS (CIMSA), IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Measurement Systems and Applications (CIMSA)/IEEE International Conference on Virtual Environments, Human-Computer Interfaces and Measurement Systems (VECIMS), IEEE, Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, CANADA, pp. 80-85.

Netherton, MD & Stewart, MG 1970, 'A cost-benefit analysis of hazard mitigation solutions for monolithic glazing subject to explosive blast loads', Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Shock and Impact Loads on Structures, pp. 509-518.
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A probabilistic risk assessment procedure is developed which can predict risks of explosive blast damage and safety hazard risks to built infrastructure, which, when combined with life-cycle cost analysis and cost/benefit analysis can be used to optimise blast mitigation strategies. The paper focuses on monolithic window glazing since this has caused significant damage and injury to building occupants. The probabilistic analysis includes the uncertainties associated with blast modelling, the structural response of glazing and the trajectory of post-break fragments. Damage risks and safety hazards risks are calculated for scenarios involving monolithic glazing within the facade of a typical multi-storey commercial building, from which, further calculations of the probability of serious injuries and fatalities are made. Risks are presented for different types of monolithic glazing of various thicknesses. The cost-benefit analysis considers material and installation costs, damage losses, and losses from fatalities and serious injuries. Cost-effectiveness is measured by net benefit. It was found that an option of providing 8 mm fully tempered glazing (in lieu of 10 mm annealed glazing) is cost-effective only if the annual attack probability is greater than 7.5 x 10 ^-6 per building per year.

Nghiem, LD, Ren, T, Aziz, N, Porter, I & Regmi, G 1970, 'Treatment of coal seam gas produced water for beneficial use in Australia: A review of best practices', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 3rd International Conference on the Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), DESALINATION PUBL, Cairns, AUSTRALIA, pp. 316-323.
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Nguyen Quang Vinh, Simoff Simeon & Catchpoole Daniel 1970, 'Interactive Visualisation with User Perspective for Biological Data Analysis', Stud Health Technol Inform, IOS Press, Netherlands, pp. 125-132.
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With an astonishing amount of genomic data generated for processing in medical field, it is essential to provide an effective methodology for understanding, reasoning and supporting decision making of large information spaces. This paper presents an interactive interface that provides a mechanism to analyse large scale biological and clinical data. This aims to provide a much greater flexibility and control for the domain experts to interactively customise the visualisation according to their preferences.

Nguyen, AV, Su, S & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Development of a Bayesian recursive algorithm to find free-spaces for an intelligent wheelchair', 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 7250-7253.
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This paper introduces a new shared control strategy for an intelligent wheelchair using a Bayesian recursive algorithm. Using the local environment information gathered by a laser range finder sensor and commands acquired through a user interface, a Bayesian recursive algorithm has been developed to find the most appropriate free-space, which corresponds to the highest posterior probability value. Then, an autonomous navigation algorithm will assist to manoeuvre the wheelchair in the chosen freespace. Experiment results demonstrate that the new method provides excellent performance with great flexibility and fast response.

Nguyen, CN & Huynh, P 1970, 'Water Loss by Evaporation From Partially Covered Water Bodies', Proceedings of the 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, ASME, Denver, Colorado, USA, pp. 1-6.
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Fresh water is a very precious commodity in most parts of the world; and mch of it is held in lakes and reservoirs. Yet significant amount of this water is continuously lost due to evaporation, especially during hot seasons. One way to reduce this loss is to cover the water surface. However, due to its often large size, it is not practical to cover it totally. Furthermore, environmental considerations (like access to the water for water birds, not turning the water bodies into 'hot soup', etc.) would render such attempt at total cover very undesirable. Instead, it is proposed here to partially cover these water bodies with floating covers which are of manageable size and easy to manufacture. They are supported by floats and leave an air gap (for environmental reasons) above the water surface. In this work, the covers are of hexagonal shape; and when used they together cover about 60% of the water surface area. Measurements have been conducted in situ of day-time evaporation levels from covered and uncovered water tanks, along with weather data (wind speed and direction, air temperature, solar radiation, and humidity) during a summer season (excluding rainy days) at a Sydney suburb. Results have shown that depending on the weather, reduction of evaporation in the range of 5 - 30% has been achieved with the covers. Results from this work also helps with understanding the evaporation process from lakes and reservoir, and the design of better covers.

Nguyen, DN & Krunz, M 1970, 'A cooperative clustering protocol for energy constrained networks', 2011 8th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, 2011 8th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON), IEEE, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, pp. 574-582.
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Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology is known to improve energy efficiency in energy-constrained wireless networks, such as wireless sensor networks (WSN). Although in WSNs, a node is often equipped with a single antenna, nodes can be clustered into virtual antenna arrays that can act as virtual MIMO (VMIMO) nodes. In this paper, we propose a distributed cooperative clustering protocol (CCP) that aims at conserving energy and prolonging network lifetime by taking advantage of VMIMO communications. In contrast to previously proposed protocols, CCP fully exploits the diversity gain of the VMIMO technique by optimally selecting the cooperating nodes (CNs) within a cluster and balancing their energy consumption. We first formulate the problem of optimal CN selection at the transmit and receive clusters as a nonlinear binary program, and show the problem is NP-hard. Aiming at minimizing the imbalance in the residual energy at various nodes, we reduce the problem into two sub-problems: finding the optimal number of CNs (ONC) in a cluster and the CN assignment problem. To analytically address the ONC problem, we analyze the energy efficiency of two existing VMIMO methods: distributed Space Time Block Code (DSTBC) and distributed Vertical-Bell Laboratories-Layered-Space-Time (DVBLAST). The second sub-problem is addressed by assigning CNs to nodes with stronger residual energy. To make CCP scalable to large WSNs, we propose a multi-hop energy-balanced routing mechanism for clustered WSNs with a novel cost metric. Our routing method is also applicable to other clustering protocols (e.g., CMIMO, MIMO-LEACH). Extensive simulations are used to validate our analysis. © 2011 IEEE.

Nguyen, JS, Tran, Y, Su, SW, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Semi-autonomous Wheelchair Developed Using a Unique Camera System Configuration Biologically Inspired by Equine Vision', 2011 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 5762-5765.
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This paper is concerned with the design and development of a semi-autonomous wheelchair system using cameras in a system configuration modeled on the vision system of a horse. This new camera configuration utilizes stereoscopic vision for 3-Dimensional (3D) depth perception and mapping ahead of the wheelchair, combined with a spherical camera system for 360-degrees of monocular vision. This unique combination allows for static components of an unknown environment to be mapped and any surrounding dynamic obstacles to be detected, during real-time autonomous navigation, minimizing blind-spots and preventing accidental collisions with people or obstacles. This novel vision system combined with shared control strategies provides intelligent assistive guidance during wheelchair navigation and can accompany any hands-free wheelchair control technology. Leading up to experimental trials with patients at the Royal Rehabilitation Centre (RRC) in Ryde, results have displayed the effectiveness of this system to assist the user in navigating safely within the RRC whilst avoiding potential collisions. © 2011 IEEE.

Nguyen, LB, Ling, SSH, Jones, TW, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Identification of hypoglycemic states for patients with T1DM using various parameters derived from EEG signals', 2011 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 2760-2763.
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For patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), hypoglycemia is a very common but dangerous complication which can lead to unconsciousness, coma and even death. The variety of hypoglycemia symptoms is originated from the inadequate supply of glucose to the brain. In this study, we explore the connection between hypoglycemic episodes and the electrical activity of neurons within the brain or electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. By analyzing EEG signals from a clinical study of five children with T1DM, associated with hypoglycemia at night, we find that some EEG parameters change significantly under hypoglycemia condition. Based on these parameters, a method of detecting hypoglycemic episodes using EEG signals with a feed-forward multi-layer neural network is proposed. In our application, the classification results are 72% sensitivity and 55% specificity when the EEG signals are acquired from 2 electrodes C3 and O2. Furthermore, signals from different channels are also analyzed to observe the contributions of each channel to the performance of hypoglycemia classification.

Nguyen, ND, Bliuc, D, Frost, SA, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 1970, 'ABSOLUTE FRACTURE RISK-BASED CLINICAL THRESHOLD FOR INTERVENTION: A DECISION CURVE ANALYSIS', OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL, IOF Regionals 2nd Asia-Pacific Osteoporosis and Bone Meeting / ANZBMS Annual Scientific Meeting held with the JSBMR, SPRINGER LONDON LTD, Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA, pp. S530-S530.

Nguyen, QV, Gleeson, A, Ho, N, Huang, ML, Simoff, S & Catchpoole, D 1970, 'Visual Analytics of Clinical and Genetic Datasets of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Shanghai, China, pp. 113-120.
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This paper presents a novel visual analytics method that incorporates knowledge from the analysis domain so that it can extract knowledge from complex genetic and clinical data and then visualizing them in a meaningful and interpretable way. The domain experts that are both contributors to formulating the requirements for the design of the system and the actual user of the system include microbiologists, biostatisticians, clinicians and computational biologists. A comprehensive prototype has been developed to support the visual analytics process. The system consists of multiple components enabling the complete analysis process, including data mining, interactive visualization, analytical views, gene comparison. A visual highlighting method is also implemented to support the decision making process. The paper demonstrates its effectiveness on a case study of childhood cancer patients. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Nguyen, SC, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 1970, 'NOVEL LOCI ASSOCIATED WITH BONE MINERAL DENSITY: RESULTS OF A MULTIPOINT LINKAGE ANALYSIS OF EXTENDED PEDIGREES', OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL, IOF Regionals 2nd Asia-Pacific Osteoporosis and Bone Meeting / ANZBMS Annual Scientific Meeting held with the JSBMR, SPRINGER LONDON LTD, Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA, pp. S543-S543.

Nguyen, TN, Nguyen, H, Su, S & Celler, B 1970, 'Robust online adaptive neural network control for the regulation of treadmill exercises', 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, USA, pp. 1005-1008.
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The paper proposes a robust online adaptive neural network control scheme for an automated treadmill system. The proposed control scheme is based on Feedback-Error Learning Approach (FELA), by using which the plant Jacobian calculation problem is avoided. Modification of the learning algorithm is proposed to solve the overtraining issue, guaranteeing to system stability and system convergence. As an adaptive neural network controller can adapt itself to deal with system uncertainties and external disturbances, this scheme is very suitable for treadmill exercise regulation when the model of the exerciser is unknown or inaccurate. In this study, exercise intensity (measured by heart rate) is regulated by simultaneously manipulating both treadmill speed and gradient in order to achieve fast tracking for which a single input multi output (SIMO) adaptive neural network controller has been designed. Real-time experiment result confirms that robust performance for nonlinear multivariable system under model uncertainties and unknown external disturbances can indeed be achieved. © 2011 IEEE.

Nieto, JI, Agamennoni, G & Vidal-Calleja, T 1970, 'Loop-closure candidates selection by exploiting structure in vehicle trajectory', 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2011), IEEE, San Francisco, CA, pp. 92-97.
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One of the most important problems in robot localisation is the detection of previously visited places (loops). When a robot closes a loop, the association between observed features and present ones can be used to update its position. The computational cost involved in the association process makes exhaustive loop search intractable. Most of the current techniques use observations of the environment as their main features to produce loop hypotheses. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of producing loop candidates from features of the robot trajectory. We propose a new method for selecting loop-closure candidates based on an alignment likelihood function, which measures similarity between trajectory sequences. The algorithm is validated with data gathered in the city with our experimental platform. Positive results show that the trajectory has, indeed, features that can be extracted and applied to robot localisation. The resulting loop hypotheses may be regarded, for example, as a initialisation step to aid current methods. © 2011 IEEE.

Nieto, JI, Agamennoni, G & Vidal-Calleja, T 1970, 'Loop-closure candidates selection by exploiting structure in vehicle trajectory', 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2011), IEEE, pp. 92-97.
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Nikodem, J, Klempous, R, Nikodem, M & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'Multi-hop and directed routing based on neighborhood cooperation in WSN', 2011 15th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems, 2011 15th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES), IEEE, Poprad, Slovakia, pp. 221-227.
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The paper describes a relational abstraction of neighborhood cooperation for the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) where node can identify its neighbors around it. Since radio links have limited range only some nodes have a direct contact with the Base Station (BS) and data transmission is executed using multi-hop communication to ensure that information is send from one node to another towards the BS. The novel abstract uses a subordination relation, to manage the neighbor cooperation between the WSN nodes, that exploits topological properties of the WSN. Based on the hop-distance from the BS, any node k is able to establish a set N<(k) consisting of nodes to which k has to send communication messages in order to maintain the data-flow direction towards the BS.

Niktash, A & Huynh, P 1970, 'NUMERICAL STUDY OF VENTILATION FLOW THROUGH A TWO DIMENSIONAL ROOM FITTED WITH A WINDCATCHER', Proceedings of the 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, ASME, Denver, Colorado, USA, pp. 1-6.
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A windcatcher is a natural ventilation device fitted on the roof of a building and divided internally into two halves to deliver fresh outside air into the building's interior, and induce the stale air to the outside, working by pressure difference between outside and inside of the building. In this work, air flow through a two-dimensional but real-sized room fitted with a windcatcher is investigated numerically, using a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package. The standard K-å turbulence model is used. Flow pattern and flow velocity are considered in terms of the windcatchers location, inlet velocity, the shape of the windcatchers bottom and the length of the windcatchers bottom. It is found that when inlet velocity is not too low, the windcatcher's shape at its bottom strongly affects flow pattern and flow velocity in the room. This leads to a way of improving the windcatcher's effectiveness in ventilating the living area (lower part) of a room.

Niktash, AR & Huynh, BP 1970, 'Numerical Study of Ventilation Flow Through a Two Dimensional Room Fitted With a Windcatcher', Volume 6: Fluids and Thermal Systems; Advances for Process Industries, Parts A and B, ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, ASMEDC, pp. 839-844.
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A windcatcher is a natural ventilation device fitted on the roof of a building and divided internally into two halves to deliver fresh outside air into the building’s interior, and induce the stale air to the outside, working by pressure difference between outside and inside of the building. In this work, air flow through a two-dimensional but real-sized room fitted with a windcatcher is investigated numerically, using a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package. The standard K-ε turbulence model is used. Flow pattern and flow velocity are considered in terms of the windcatcher’s location, inlet velocity, the shape of the windcatcher’s bottom and the length of the windcatcher’s bottom. It is found that when inlet velocity is not too low, the windcatcher’s shape at its bottom strongly affects flow pattern and flow velocity in the room. This leads to a way of improving the windcatcher’s effectiveness in ventilating the living area (lower part) of a room.

Nizami, S, Green, JR & McGregor, C 1970, 'Service oriented architecture to support real-time implementation of artifact detection in critical care monitoring', Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS, pp. 4925-4928.
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The quality of automated real-time critical care monitoring is impacted by the degree of signal artifact present in clinical data. This is further complicated when different clinical rules applied for disease detection require source data at different frequencies and different signal quality. This paper proposes a novel multidimensional framework based on service oriented architecture to support real-time implementation of clinical artifact detection in critical care settings. The framework is instantiated through a Neonatal Intensive Care case study which assesses signal quality of physiological data streams prior to detection of late-onset neonatal sepsis. In this case study requirements and provisions of artifact and clinical event detection are determined for real-time clinical implementation, which forms the second important contribution of this paper. © 2011 IEEE.

Nousala, S, Hall, W & Hadgraft, R 1970, 'Socio-technical systems for connecting social knowledge and the governance of urban action', WMSCI 2011 - The 15th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, Proceedings, 15th World Multi-Conference on Systematics, Cybernetics and Informatics (WMSCI 2011), INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS, Orlando, FL, pp. 335-340.
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This paper seeks to expand our focus to understand how communities can assemble and manage knowledge to support more rational decisions regarding government services and actions in the community environment. We focus on the knowledge transfer interface between communities and urban councils, with a view to extending theoretical understanding of such transfers, and the socio-technical knowledge support systems interfacing between action groups and councils.

Nuryani, Ling, S, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Ventricular Repolarization Variability for Hypoglycemia Detection', 2011 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 7961-7964.
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Hypoglycemia is the most acute and common complication of Type 1 diabetes and is a limiting factor in a glycemic management of diabetes. In this paper, two main contributions are presented; firstly, ventricular repolarization variabilities are introduced for hypoglycemia detection, and secondly, a swarm-based support vector machine (SVM) algorithm with the inputs of the repolarization variabilities is developed to detect hypoglycemia. By using the algorithm and including several repolarization variabilities as inputs, the best hypoglycemia detection performance is found with sensitivity and specificity of 82.14% and 60.19%, respectively.

Oberst, S & Lai, JCS 1970, 'Nonlinear friction coupling in disc brake squeal', 18th International Congress on Sound and Vibration 2011, ICSV 2011, International Congress on Sound and Vibration, International Institute of Acoustics & Vibration, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, pp. 1748-1755.
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Friction-induced noise, such as disc brake squeal as a research area of practical importance to the automotive industry, has been investigated for many years. In recent years research focus was on dynamic instabilities such as mode coupling as the most prominent squeal mechanism, rather than on physical or geometric instabilities as trigger mechanisms. However, many trigger mechanisms such as contact and friction nonlinearity are still poorly understood. In brake squeal analysis, pad-dynamics is poorly understood and in-plane radial and out-of-plane pad vibrations are often neglected as most research has been directed towards understanding the dynamics of the rotor as the main structure radiating sound. However, recent research has shown that transient radial in-plane vibrations of the pad might be a novel squeal mechanism. In this study, the transient nature of these radial in-plane vibrations and their influence on the overall vibration and dynamic behaviour is investigated. For this purpose a sinusoidally driven in-plane sliding of a friction-coupled 2-dof oscillator (in the form of a slider over a moving belt) is formulated based on the most stable configuration of a 1-dof dry friction oscillator with continuous/ locking contact using a friction law with constant/static-kinetic/velocitydependent friction coefficient. It is found that due to nonlinear friction-coupling, steady-state in-plane radial vibrations induce a broadband spectrum in the overall dynamics of the friction oscillator with slightly fractal POINCARE section for a small belt's angle. The results indicate the importance of in-plane pad-vibrations as a possible trigger squeal mechanism. Copyright © (2011) by the International Institute of Acoustics & Vibration.

O'Callaghan, ST, Singh, SPN, Alempijevic, A & Ramos, FT 1970, 'Learning navigational maps by observing human motion patterns', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 4333-4340.
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Observing human motion patterns is informative for social robots that share the environment with people. This paper presents a methodology to allow a robot to navigate in a complex environment by observing pedestrian positional traces. A continuous probabilistic function is determined using Gaussian process learning and used to infer the direction a robot should take in different parts of the environment. The approach learns and filters noise in the data producing a smooth underlying function that yields more natural movements. Our method combines prior conventional planning strategies with most probable trajectories followed by people in a principled statistical manner, and adapts itself online as more observations become available. The use of learning methods are automatic and require minimal tuning as compared to potential fields or spline function regression. This approach is demonstrated testing in cluttered office and open forum environments using laser and vision sensing modalities. It yields paths that are similar to the expected human behaviour without any a priori knowledge of the environment or explicit programming.

Otoom, AF, Concha, OP & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Boosting mixtures of gaussians under normalized linear transformations for image classification', 7th International Conference on Information Technology and Application, ICITA 2011, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, IEEE, Sydney Australia, pp. 184-189.
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We address the problem of image classification. Our aim is to improve the performance of MLiT: mixture of Gaussians under Linear transformations, a feature-based classifier proposed in [1] aiming to reduce dimensionality based on a linear transformation which is not restricted to be orthogonal. Boosting might offer an interesting solution by improving the performance of a given base classification algorithm. In this paper, we propose to integrate MLiT within the framework of AdaBoost, which is a widely applied method for boosting. For experimental validation, we have evaluated the proposed method on the four UCI data sets (Vehicle, OpticDigit, WDBC, WPBC) [2] and the author's own. Boosting has proved capable of enhancing the performance of the base classifier on two data sets with improvements of up to 12.8%.

Paimin, AN, Hadgraft, R, Prpic, JK & Alias, M 1970, 'An examination of learning strategy, interest, intention and academic performance: Case studies of Australia and Malaysia', Research in Engineering Education Symposium 2011, REES 2011, Research in Engineering Education Symposium, UNIV POLITECNICA MADRID, Univ Politecnica Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN, pp. 824-833.
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High attrition rates in engineering program are a concern worldwide. We are exploring the hypothesis that conation is an important factor for success in engineering study. This ongoing PhD research project is exploring cognitive, affective and conative elements using the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) model, which proposes a logical progression from cognitive through affective and conative to performance. The three elements were examined in the form of learning approaches namely learning strategy, learning interest (motive) and learning intention respectively. Participants consisted of 122 Australian students and 136 Malaysian students who completed a background questionnaire, the Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) scale and the Learner Autonomy Profile (LAP-SF) scale. The data analysis shows strong interrelationships between learning strategy, learning interest and learning intention. However, results in the multiple regression analysis revealed that the combination of the three learning factors did not strongly predict academic performance of the participants at both locations. Gender difference was found which revealed different learning preferences patterns between the Australian and Malaysian participants. Results are being further explored using semi-structured interview. In light of the demands for increased participation in higher education in many countries, it is important that we better understand what leads to good academic performance in engineering if we are to address the high levels of attrition that occur at many universities.

Pala, O & Cetindamar, D 1970, 'Sculpting an organisational field', PICMET: Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology, Proceedings, Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET) Conference on Technology Management in the Energy-Smart World, IEEE, Portland, OR.
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Organisational fields in the aggregate constitute a recognized area of institutional life. In Turkey, Sabanci University (SU) has shaped the emerging organisational field of technology-based academic entrepreneurship significantly. SU has founded the second technology transfer office, Research and Graduate Policy Directorate (RGP), in Turkey. In essence, RGP acts as an interface between academic and the business world according the demands of the business world with the research of the academic world. However, RGP goes further and founds the first technology commercialisation company, Inovent, providing business view to researchers and help them get patents, found companies, and transfer their knowledge to business world. Furthermore, Golden Horn Ventures, second venture capital firm spins-out from Inovent. Subsequently, other universities started founding technology transfer offices and companies like Inovent. Overall, this paper is an explorative research, which will provide the detailed case of the shaping of an organisational field in a developing country by a dominant actor. In other words, the role of SU in creating technology-based academic entrepreneurship in Turkey. © 2011 IEEE.

Pang, SC, Masjuki, HH, Hazrat, MA & Kalam, MA 1970, 'Integration of 1D and 3D Simulations of Engine Cooling System: After Keyed-Off', 2011 10th International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Applications to Business, Engineering and Science, 2011 Tenth International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Applications to Business, Engineering and Science (DCABES), IEEE.
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Papapetrou, O & Chen, L 1970, 'XStreamCluster: An Efficient Algorithm for Streaming XML Data Clustering', Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Database Systems for Advanced Applications 16th International Conference, DASFAA 2011, Database Systems for Advanced Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Hongkong, China, pp. 496-510.
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XML clustering finds many applications, ranging from storage to query processing. However, existing clustering algorithms focus on static XML collections, whereas modern information systems frequently deal with streaming XML data that needs to be processed online. Streaming XML clustering is a challenging task because of the high computational and space efficiency requirements implicated for online approaches. In this paper we propose XStreamCluster, which addresses the two challenges using a two-layered optimization. The bottom layer employs Bloom filters to encode the XML documents, providing a space-efficient solution to memory usage. The top layer is based on Locality Sensitive Hashing and contributes to the computational efficiency. The theoretical analysis shows that the approximate solution of XStreamCluster generates similarly good clusters as the exact solution, with high probability. The experimental results demonstrate that XStreamCluster improves both memory efficiency and computational time by at least an order of magnitude without affecting clustering quality, compared to its variants and a baseline approach.

Parsa Pajouh, A, Fatahi, B & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'Numerical Back Analysis of Smear Zone Properties for Vertical Drain Assisted Preloading in Soft Soils', ICAGE 2011 - Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, International Conference on Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Australia, pp. 561-566.
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Installation of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) using a mandrel causes disturbance of the clay surrounding the drain, resulting in a smear zone of reduced permeability, which adversely affects consolidation process. There are two important parameters to characterize the smear effects, namely, the smear zone diameter and the permeability ratio. In this study, FLAC finites difference software has been employed to investigate the effects of smear zone characteristics on required time for preloading. The results of a fully instrumented trial embankment in Sunshine Motorway, Queensland, have been used to verify the model, and parametric studies have been conducted on the predicted ground settlement and pore water pressure. According to the results, changes in smear zone parameters can significantly affect the consolidation period. It is observed that the characteristics of smear zone namely size and permeability have a substantial impact on the preloading design to achieve a certain soil strength and stiffness satisfying both bearing capacity and settlement design criteria.

Parvin, S & Hussain, FK 1970, 'Digital Signature-Based Secure Communication in Cognitive Radio Networks', 2011 International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications, 2011 International Conference on Broadband, Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA), IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 230-235.
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Due to the rapid growth of wireless applications, Cognitive Radio (CR) has been considered as a demanding concept for improving the utilization of limited radio spectrum resources for future wireless communications and mobile computing. The unique characteristics of Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) make security more challenging. Since a member of Cognitive Radio Networks may join or leave the network at any time, the issue of supporting secure communication in CRNs becomes more critical than for other conventional wireless networks. This work thus proposes digital signature-based secure communication for identifying efficient primary users in CRNs. The security analysis is analyzed to guarantee that the proposed approach achieves security proof. © 2011 IEEE.

Parvin, S, Han, S, Hussain, F & Tian, B 1970, 'A Combinational Approach for Trust Establishment in Cognitive Radio Networks', 2011 International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems, 2011 International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS), IEEE, Seoul, South Korea, pp. 227-232.
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Cognitive Radio is considered as a promising and demanding technology to examine whether a particular radio spectrum band is currently in use or not and to switch into the temporarily unoccupied spectrum band in order to improve the usage of the radio electromagnetic spectrum without creating interference to the transmissions of other users. Because of the dynamic properties of CRNs, the issue of supporting secure communication in CRNs becomes more critical than that of other conventional wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a combination of certificate-based trust with a behavior-based trust which will benefit both by representing the trust as certificates in the the predeployment trust relation and by providing a continuous behaviour-based evalution of trust. © 2011 IEEE.

Pasha, SA & Tuan, HD 1970, 'Stochastic Intensity Propagation via LFT Modelling', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, International Federation of Automatic Control World Congress, Elsevier BV, Milano, Italy, pp. 7779-7784.
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Recently linear fractional transformation (LFT) modelling has demonstrated considerable potential for the filtering problem of highly nonlinear state space systems. A characteristic of the LFT model is the feedback loop which encapsulates the nonlinearity of the state-space model in a structure that is both simple and sparse. For a broad class of practical problems the LFT gives an equivalent representation of the nonlinear state space models which is more efficient due to its structure. With an approximation localized to a simple nonlinearity in the feedback path, it has been shown that this approach works reasonably well where conventional linearization techniques fail. In this paper, we propose nonlinear filtering via LFT modelling for propagating the stochastic conditional intensity function for problems in multi-target filtering. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate the performance of the proposed filter. © 2011 IFAC.

Patel, M, Valls Miro, J & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Activity recognition from the interactions between an assistive robotic walker and human users', Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Human-robot interaction, HRI'11: International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, ACM, Lausanne, Switzerland, pp. 221-222.
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Detection of individuals' intention from a sequence of actions is an open and complex problem. In this paper we present a smart walker as mobility aid which can interpret the users' behaviour patterns to recognize their intentions and consequently act as an intelligent assistant. The result of the experiments performed in this paper demonstrates the potential of dynamic bayesian networks (DBN), in relation to their dynamic and unsupervised nature, for realistic human-robot interaction modelling.

Peng, D, Yi, S, Huo, H & Lu, J 1970, 'MTrust-S: A Multi-model Based Prototype System of Trust Management for Web Services', Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 412-419.
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Peng, Y, Xu, M, Jin, JS, Luo, S & Zhao, G 1970, 'Cascade-Based License Plate Localization with Line Segment Features and Haar-Like Features', 2011 Sixth International Conference on Image and Graphics, Graphics (ICIG), IEEE, Hefei, Anchui China, pp. 1023-1028.
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AdaBoost classifiers with Haar-like features are widely used for license plate (LP) localization. However, it normally requires high-dimensional Haar-like features which cause extremely high computational cost. In this paper, a rejection cascade was built for LP localization with reduced Haar-like features. We first introduced line segment features as pre-input of Haarlike features for AdaBoost to eliminate more than 70% of the background in an image. Line segment features, including density, directionality and regularity, were extracted from line segments, which were detected by applying Hough Transform on an edge image. Later, AdaBoost classifiers with Haar-like features were further applied to identify the exact location of license plates. Our method dramatically reduced the demanded dimensions of Haar-like features, therefore saved much time in AdaBoost training stage. By comparing our method with methods of only using Haar-like features and only using line segment features, experimental results demonstrated that our proposed method achieved the best detection rate with significantly reduced dimensions of Haar-like features. © 2011 IEEE.

Perez, IJ, Alonso, S, Cabrerizo, FJ, Lu, J & Herrera-Viedma, E 1970, 'Modelling Heterogeneity among Experts in Multi-criteria Group Decision Making Problems', MODELING DECISIONS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, MDAI 2011, International Conference on Modelling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence, Springer, Changsha, China, pp. 55-+.
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Heterogeneity in group decision making problems has been recently studied in the literature. Some instances of these studies include the use of heterogeneous preference representation structures, heterogeneous preference representation domains and heterogeneous importance degrees. On this last heterogeneity level, the importance degrees are associated to the experts regardless of what is being assessed by them, and these degrees are fixed through the problem. However, there are some situations in which the experts importance degrees do not depend only on the expert. Sometimes we can find sets of heterogeneously specialized experts, that is, experts whose knowledge level is higher on some alternatives and criteria than it is on any others. Consequently, their importance degree should be established in accordance with what is being assessed. Thus, there is still a gap on heterogeneous group decision making frameworks to be studied. We propose a new fuzzy linguistic multi-criteria group decision making model which considers different importance degrees for each expert depending not only on the alternatives but also on the criterion which is taken into account to evaluate them.

Peynot, T, Fitch, R, McAllister, R & Alempijevic, A 1970, 'Autonomous Reconfiguration of a Multi-Modal Mobile Robot', Workshop on Automated Diagnosis, Repair and Re-Configuration of Robot Systems, IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Shanghai, China.

Pham Ngoc, H, Fujita, H, Ozaki, K & Uchida, N 1970, 'Dynamic analysis and control of a zone-control induction heating system', 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), IEEE, Phoenix, AZ, USA, pp. 4093-4100.
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This paper presents a quick and accurate power control method for a zone-control induction heating (ZCIH) system. The ZCIH system consists of multiple working coils connected to multiple H-bridge inverters. The system controls the amplitude and phase angle of each coil current to make the temperature distribution on the workpiece uniform. This paper proposes a new control method for the coil currents based on a circuit model using real and imaginary (Re-Im) current/voltage components. The method detects and controls the Re-Im components of the coil current instead of the current amplitude and phase angle. As a result, the proposed method enables decoupling control for the system, making the control for each working coil independent from the others. Experiments on a 6-zone ZCIH laboratory setup are conducted to verify the validity of the proposed method. It is clarified that the proposed method has a stable operation both in transient and steady states. The proposed system and control method enable system complexity reduction and control stability improvements.

Phan, AH, Tuan, HD & Kha, HH 1970, 'Optimized Solutions for Beamforming Problems in Amplify-Forward Wireless Relay Networks', 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011, 2011 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2011), IEEE, Kathmandu, Nepal, pp. 1-5.
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Beamforming problems in amlify-forward (AF) wireless relay network can be formulated as nonconvex quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) problems which is very difficult to solve directly. Generally, by transforming a QCQP problem into a semi-definite program (SDP) and by relaxing rank-one constraints, the problem can be tackled essentially. If resulting matrices found after solving SDP problems are of rank-one then the task can be terminated. However, in some scenarios such as minimizing individual power constraints on relays, most of the rank-one dropped SDP solutions have rank higher than one. In this case, a nonsmooth reverse convex optimization technique is employed to solve the problem iteratively then rank-one solutions can be optimized numerically. © 2011 IEEE.

Phan, AH, Tuan, HD & Kha, HH 1970, 'Space-time beamforming for multiuser wireless relay networks', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), ICASSP 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 2836-2839.
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The paper is concerned with a multiuser communication network, which is assisted by multiple relays. It has been observed through our previous related works that the conventional simultaneous beamforming at parallel amply-and-forward (AF) relays is not quite effective and often infeasible to target practically desirable signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) at the destinations. To overcome this shortage, we propose the time-division for multiple-user transmission to the relays so the later can perform beamforming on signals received from the individuals and then parallelly forward its combinations at once to the destinations. The optimal beamforming problem is a nonconvex quadratically constrained optimization, which is globally solved by our tailored algorithm of nonsmooth optimization. Its found global optimal solutions are shown very effective and over-perform other possible multi-user relay beamformings. © 2011 IEEE.

Pileggi, SF, Fernandez-Llatas, C & Meneu, T 1970, 'Evaluating Mobility Impact on Wireless Sensor Network', 2011 UkSim 13th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation, 2011 UkSim 13th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation (UKSim), IEEE, pp. 461-466.
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An increasing number of applications based on Wireless Sensor Networks assume mobile environments(Mobile WSNs). Mobile WSNs propose several converging issues with Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) but the peculiarities of their technology and application domain advise a specific theoretical analysis of mobility impact on network connectivity. Network performance depends by several factors; there is a clear relationship between overall performance and the efficiency of network mechanisms (e.g. topology control and routing) that are directly affected by network connectivity. The paper first proposes an evaluation of randomly deployed clustered WSNs in function of network size/density, topology and communication range. Then, the mobility impact on network connectivity is analyzed and evaluated extending the analysis to overlay configuration. This evaluation has an implicit relationship with mobile behaviors. In order to provide extended analysis capabilities, an analytic model for mobile behaviors is also proposed. All reported results were obtained through simulations according to a general approach, independent from routing protocols or any other domain specific mechanisms as well as by environmental conditions. © 2011 IEEE.

Pileggi, SF, Fernandez-Llatas, C & Traver, V 1970, 'Enabling semantic ecosystems among heterogeneous Cognitive Networks', Keod 2011 Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development, International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development, INSTICC-INST SYST TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION CONTROL & COMMUNICATION, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Paris, FRANCE, pp. 487-492.
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Cognitive Networks working on large scale are object of an increasing interest by both the scientific and the commercial point of view in the context of several environments and domains. The natural convergence point for these heterogeneous disciplines is the need of a strong advanced technologic support that enables the generation of distributed observations on large scale as well as the intelligent process of obtained information. An approach based on the Semantic Sensor Web could be the key issue for enabling semantic ecosystems among heterogeneous Cognitive Networks.

Pileggi, SF, Fernandez-Llatas, C & Traver, V 1970, 'Remote control and tele-operation in the cloud', Icsoft 2011 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Software and Database Technologies, 6th International Conference on Software and Database Technologies (ICSOFT 2011), INSTICC-INST SYST TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION CONTROL & COMMUNICATION, Unov Seville, Seville, SPAIN, pp. 361-367.
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Remote controls and tele-operation platforms are object of great commercial interest in several application domains and disciplines. Reliable and effective platforms could completely change the vision at certain environments, as well as novel perspectives for production and business models could be a reality. The cloud environments are constantly increasing their popularity providing competitive and dynamic solutions for distributed computing and systems. In this paper, remote controls and tele-operation platforms are considered as composed of pervasive cloud services.

Pradhan, B 1970, 'Ethics in writing research articles in Research Universities (RU) in Malaysia', Global Conference on Ethics in Science & Technology, The University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.

Pradhan, B 1970, 'The role of Geoinformation technology for Geohazards Management: Examples from South East Asia', 5th SASTECH: 5th Symposium on Advances in Science & Technology, Khavaran Higher Education Institute Fallahi Ghasem.

Pradhan, B 1970, 'Trends in Advanced Spatial Modelling Techniques for Geohazard Management', 10th International Symposium & Exhibition on Geoinformation 2011 (ISG 2011), ISG 2011.

Pradhan, B 1970, 'Use of Remote Sensing & GIS for Natural Hazard Detection, Modelling & Mitigation', The International Conference on Natural Sciences, Alexander Von Humboldt Foundation, Germany and Ma, pp. Invited-Speaker.

Pupatwibul, P, Jozi, B & Braun, R 1970, 'Investigating O:MIB-Based Distributed Active Information Model (DAIM) for Autonomics', ICT&A 2011/DEMSET 2011: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS / INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DESIGN AND MODELING IN SCIENCE, EDUCATION, AND TECHNOLOGY, Int Conf on Information and Communication Technologies and Applications / Int Conf on Design and Modeling in Science, Education, and Technology, INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS, Orlando, FL, pp. 7-12.

Pupatwibul, P, Jozi, B & Braun, RM 1970, 'Investigating O:MIB-based Distributed Active Information Model (DAIM) for Autonomics', International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies ICTA 2011, International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies, International Institute of Informatics and Systematics, Member Int Federation System Research IFSR, Orlando, Florida, USA, pp. 1-6.
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Technological innovations in communication networking, computing applications, and information modeling have played a significant role in managing complex distributed electronic systems. Autonomic Computing (AC) is a concept to deal with the over growing complexity of distributed networks; this term gives systems the ability of self-management, which mean each component in AC can adapt itself to changing conditions of the dynamic environment. In this paper we investigate a new natureinspired Distributed Active Information Model (DAIM) to allow the local decision making process, that will essentially contribute to complex distributed network environments. Details of the DAIM structure are also described, which will hopefully address the schemes of some previous network management protocols such as Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), Common Information Model (CIM), and mechanism like Policy-Based Network Management. Finally, we will introduce a benchmark networking system called OpenFlow for applying the DAIM model to enhance autononmic fuctions.

Qiao, Y, Jayalal, SMN & Tang, B 1970, 'On isomorphism testing of groups with normal hall subgroups', Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics, LIPIcs, 28th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (SATCS), SCHLOSS DAGSTUHL, LEIBNIZ CENTER INFORMATICS, Dortmund, GERMANY, pp. 567-578.
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A normal Hall subgroup N of a group G is a normal subgroup with its order coprime with its index. Schur-Zassenhaus theorem states that every normal Hall subgroup has a complement subgroup, that is a set of coset representatives H which also forms a subgroup of G. In this paper, we present a framework to test isomorphism of groups with at least one normal Hall subgroup, when groups are given as multiplication tables. To establish the framework, we first observe that a proof of Schur-Zassenhaus theorem is constructive, and formulate a necessary and sufficient condition for testing isomorphism in terms of the associated actions of the semidirect products, and isomorphisms of the normal parts and complement parts. We then focus on the case when the normal subgroup is abelian. Utilizing basic facts of representation theory of finite groups and a technique by Le Gall in [9], we first get an efficient isomorphism testing algorithm when the complement has bounded number of generators. For the case when the complement subgroup is elementary abelian, which does not necessarily have bounded number of generators, we obtain a polynomial time isomorphism testing algorithm by reducing to generalized code isomorphism problem. A solution to the latter can be obtained by a mild extension of the singly exponential (in the number of coordinates) time algorithm for code isomorphism problem developed recently by Babai in [3]. Enroute to obtaining the above reduction, we study the following computational problem in representation theory of finite groups: given two representations ρ and τ of a group H over ℤdp, p a prime, determine if there exists an automorphism φ: H → H, such that the induced representation ρφ = ρ o φ and τ are equivalent, in time poly(|H|,pd). © Youming Qiao, Jayalal Sarma M.N., and Bangsheng Tang.

Qin, L, Yu, JX & Chang, L 1970, 'Computing structural statistics by keywords in databases.', ICDE, International Conference on Data Engineering, IEEE Computer Society, Hannover, Germany, pp. 363-374.
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Keyword search in RDBs has been extensively studied in recent years. The existing studies focused on finding all or top-k interconnected tuple-structures that contain keywords. In reality, the number of such interconnected tuple-structures for a keyword query can be large. It becomes very difficult for users to obtain any valuable information more than individual interconnected tuple-structures. Also, it becomes challenging to provide a similar mechanism like group-&-aggregate for those interconnected tuple-structures. In this paper, we study computing structural statistics keyword queries by extending the group-&-aggregate framework. We consider an RDB as a large directed graph where nodes represent tuples, and edges represent the links among tuples. Instead of using tuples as a member in a group to be grouped, we consider rooted subgraphs. Such a rooted subgraph represents an interconnected tuple-structure among tuples and some of the tuples contain keywords. The dimensions of the rooted subgraphs are determined by dimensional-keywords in a data driven fashion. Two rooted subgraphs are grouped into the same group if they are isomorphic based on the dimensions or in other words the dimensional-keywords. The scores of the rooted subgraphs are computed by a user-given score function if the rooted subgraphs contain some of general keywords. Here, the general keywords are used to compute scores rather than determining dimensions. The aggregates are computed using an SQL aggregate function for every group based on the scores computed. We give our motivation using a real dataset. We propose new approaches to compute structural statistics keyword queries, perform extensive performance studies using two large real datasets and a large synthetic dataset, and confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach. © 2011 IEEE.

Qin, PY, Guo, YJ & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Capacity enhancement of 2×2 MIMO system using pattern reconfigurable antennas', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, USA, pp. 1694-1697.
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The capacity enhancement of a multiple-input-multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system using pattern reconfigurable antennas is investigated. In the study, pattern reconfigurable U-slot antennas are incorporated in a 2×2 MIMO-OFDM demonstrator and the channel measurements are conducted in both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) indoor environments. Capacities of the system with pattern reconfigurable and omnidirectional antennas are compared. Measured results show that the pattern reconfigurable antennas can enhance the system capacity, with 17% improvement in the LOS scenario and 12% in the NLOS scenario at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 10 dB, with respect to the reference omnidirectional antennas. © 2011 Engineers Australia.

Qing Fang Teng, Wei Zhong Zhang, Jian Guo Zhu & You Guang Guo 1970, 'Design of protection circuit for arc welding power supply', 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 232-234.
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The paper discusses the design of protection circuits responsible for the reliability of arc welding power supply. The protection circuits include three parts, and they are soft-start circuit for anti-surge, circuit for eliminating transformer DC bias magnetic field and circuit for transient over-voltage suppression, respectively. The detail calculations about component parameters of these circuits are given. The transformer and the power devices in this paper are regarded as ideal devices. Meanwhile, their losses are neglected. The method can provide certain guide for improving reliability of protection circuit.

Qing Fang Teng, Wei Zhong Zhang, Jian Guo Zhu & You Guang Guo 1970, 'Modeling of arc welding power supply', 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 228-231.
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This paper gives a method of establishing small-signal model for full-bridge inverter arc welding power supply via statespace averaging treatment and linearization method. On the basis of the model, the frequency response reflecting dynamical characteristics of arc welding power supply is analyzed by means of MATLAB. The simulation result has agreement with experiment result as regards dynamical property. The small signal frequent mathematical model established in the paper can reflect basic characteristic of practical arc welding power system.

Quang, NK, Kung, Y-S & Ha, QP 1970, 'FPGA-based control architecture integration for multiple-axis tracking motion systems', 2011 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII), 2011 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII 2011), IEEE, Kyoto Japan, pp. 591-596.
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This paper addresses the integration of a multiloop PI and neural fuzzy control system for multiple-axis motion positioning and tracking via the use of the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology. The controlled plant here is an X-Y table driven by permanent magnet linear synchronous motors. The control system comprises two programmable servo-control systems for both axes, each includes a motion planner, a PI speed controller in the inner loop and a neural fuzzy controller (NFC) in the position loop. Here, to increase the tracking performance in dealing with unmodelled dynamics and cross-axis interferences, the NFC is designed by using a radial basis function neural network in combination with a parameter adjusting mechanism. The very high speed integrated circuit-hardware description language (VHDL) is adopted to describe advantageous behaviors of the proposed control system. To implement the whole control paradigm, the FPGA chip is developed in Quartus II and Nios II software environment, provided by Altera for analysis and synthesis of VHDL designs. Simulation results of the software/hardware co-design have verified the high performance and effectiveness of the proposed chip-based control system in positioning and trajectory tracking for the XY table motion.

Qudah, I, Leijdekkers, P & Gay, VC 1970, 'Proposed Novel Solution to Improve Medication Adherence for Cardiac Patients', 2011 IEEE Jordan Conference on Applied Electrical Engineering and Computing Technologies (AEECT), IEEE Comptuting Society, Jordan Amman, pp. 310-315.
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In this paper we describe our approach to improve medication adherence. The issue of medication adherence is widely been studied. The paper discusses the differences between existing technologies/devices used to improve medication adherence and proposes a novel solution that links between technologty and behavious change model to predict and assess people tendency to make a change models to predict and assess people tendency to make a change models to predict and assess people tendency to make a change in their health behaviour towards adhering to their medication regimens. The use of technology in this intervention is aiming at assessing the effectiveness of using technology to motivate subjects and improve their medication adherence ratings.

Quek, A, Wang, Z, Zhang, J & Feng, D 1970, 'Structural Image Classification with Graph Neural Networks', 2011 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2011 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), IEEE, Noosa, Queensland, Australia, pp. 416-421.
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Many approaches to image classification tend to transform an image into an unstructured set of numeric feature vectors obtained globally and/or locally, and as a result lose important relational information between regions. In order to encode the geometric relationships between image regions, we propose a variety of structural image representations that are not specialised for any particular image category. Besides the traditional grid-partitioning and global segmentation methods, we investigate the use of local scale-invariant region detectors. Regions are connected based not only upon nearest-neighbour heuristics, but also upon minimum spanning trees and Delaunay triangulation. In order to maintain the topological and spatial relationships between regions, and also to effectively process undirected connections represented as graphs, we utilise the recently-proposed graph neural network model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first utilisation of the model to process graph structures based on local-sampling techniques, for the task of image classification. Our experimental results demonstrate great potential for further work in this domain. © 2011 IEEE.

Qureshi, AA, Afzal, MU, Taqueer, T & Tarar, MA 1970, 'Performance analysis of FR-4 substrate for high frequency microstrip antennas', 2011 China Japan Joint Microwave Conference Proceedings Cjmw 2011, pp. 159-162.
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This work investigated the use of FR-4 substrate as a possible candidate for antenna design in the X-band. For this purpose single element microstrip antennas have been designed at frequencies ranging from 2 to 10 GHz. The variations in the antenna performance due to frequency increase have been studied. S-parameters have been used as a comparison metric between the simulated and fabricated antennas. The work provided an insight into the performance of antennas. Consequently, the modifications required in the antenna simulation design environment are suggested. © 2011 CJMW.

Qureshi, AA, Afzal, MU, Tauqeer, T & Tarar, MA 1970, 'Signal analysis, design methodolgy, and modular development of a TR module for phased array radars', 2011 7th International Conference on Emerging Technologies, 2011 7th International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET 2011), IEEE, pp. 1-6.
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Phased array radars have received considerable importance both in commercial and defense communications. Lot of research has been carried out regarding development of its necessary components such as the antenna array, transmit/receive module (TRM) and processor unit. The cost, efficiency, wide bandwidth, and fabrication technology for the TRM have been pursued as key research areas. Cost reduction techniques till date have focused on the use of high tech MMIC fabrication techniques. Literature lacks in guiding a novice design engineer working on TRM in a cost effective manner. This paper presents mathematical analysis of signals processed in a TRM to enable a design engineer understand the constraints involved in the system design. The behavioral simulation, at 2.0 GHz, of TR module has been performed and, simulated results of phase shifter and TR switch sub-modules are also presented. Detailed system simulation is performed using lumped components for cost effective implementation in a lab environment. The results depict a close realization of the mathematical formulation. © 2011 IEEE.

Radmanesh, N, Burnett, IS & IEEE 1970, 'REPRODUCTION OF INDEPENDENT NARROWBAND SOUNDFIELDS IN A MULTIZONE SURROUND SYSTEM AND ITS EXTENSION TO SPEECH SIGNAL SOURCES', 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 461-464.
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Raduescu, C & Marjanovic, O 1970, 'Towards Educating Boundary Spanning Professionals across BPM and BI Domains.', AMCIS, Association for Information Systems, pp. 4112-4120.
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In today's business environments organizations deal with complex problems that require holistic solutions originating from both business and technical domains. Such initiatives require business professionals that have a deeper understanding of the holistic nature of the problems, and can offer integrated solutions that leverage practices from various domains. In order to equip professionals with a cross-disciplinary skill set, we turn our attention to their education. In this paper we aim to open a conversation between both Business Process Management (BPM) and Business Intelligence (BI) communities of educators and contribute towards: 1) setting up a foundation for integration of domain-specific practices, and 2) suggesting learning approaches that facilitate cross-disciplinary education. Specifically, we discuss how boundary objects can facilitate the integration of BPM and BI domain-specific knowledge, and assist in educating the future boundary-spanning professionals. We highlight opportunities for learning at a deeper level achieved by cross-disciplinary education and illustrate the approach with an example of an integrated learning activity.

Rafiei, A, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, D & Safaei, F 1970, 'Boundary Node Selection Algorithms in WSNs', 2011 IEEE 36TH CONFERENCE ON LOCAL COMPUTER NETWORKS (LCN), IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, IEEE, Bonn, Germany, pp. 251-254.
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Physical damage and/or node power exhaustion may lead to coverage holes in WSNs. Coverage holes can be directly detected by certain proximate nodes known as boundary nodes (B-nodes). Due to the sensor nodes' redundant deployment and autonomous fault detection, holes are surrounded by a margin of B-nodes (MB-nodes). If all B-nodes in the margin take part in the hole recovery processes, either by increasing their transmission power or by relocating towards region of interest (ROI), the probability of collision, interference, disconnection, and isolation may increase affecting the rest of the network's performance and QoS. Thus, distributed boundary node selection algorithms (BNS-Algorithms) are proposed to address these issues. BNS-algorithms allow B-nodes to self-select based on available 1-hop information extracted from nodes' simple geometrical and statistical features. Our results show that the performance of the proposed distributed BNS-algorithms approaches that of their centralized counterparts. © 2011 IEEE.

Rahali, E, Chong, WJ, Chaczko, Z & Braun, R 1970, 'Holonic Modelling of Business Process Management', 2011 International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training, 2011 International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), IEEE, Kusadasi, Izmir, Turkey, pp. 1-6.
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This paper discusses experiences of applying a Holonic approach for Modelling the Business Process Management (BPM) in the telecommunication domain. Topics presented in this paper include shared experiences as well as common problems both experienced and anticipated in adaptation of Holonic approach for specifying and modelling the UMTS technology using the AnyLogic multi-agent based simulation software. The theory of Holonic modelling for BPM would be applied as a development paradigm for the models. © 2011 IEEE.

Rahman, BMA, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A, Uthman, M, Wijeratne, INM & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Finite element characterisation of photonic crystal fibers', 2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011), 2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC), IEEE, pp. 660-664.
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Ramezani, F & Lu, J 1970, 'A New Approach for Choosing the Most Appropriate Fuzzy Ranking Algorithm for Solving MADM Problems', AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS: DEVELOPMENTS AND TRENDS, Workshop Autonomous Systems, Springer-Verlag Berlin / Heidelberg, Mallorca, Spain, pp. 13-24.
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There are many fuzzy ranking algorithms available to solve multi-attribute decision making (MADM) problems. Some are more suitable than others for particular decision problems. This paper proposes a new method for choosing the most appropriate fuzzy ranking algorithm for solving MADM problems based on the type and number of attributes and the number of alternatives, considering the least time consumption and the least computation for ranking alternatives. In addition, we develop a software to simulate three main fuzzy ranking algorithms: SAW, Negi, and Chen and Hwang (Chen and Hwang 1992). This software can be used in any MADM decision support system.

Ramezani, F, Memariani, A & Lu, J 1970, 'A Dynamic Fuzzy Multi-criteria Group Decision Support System for Manager Selection', PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering, Springer-Verlag Berlin / Heidelberg, Shanghai, China, pp. 265-+.
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In any organization, because of the importance of management responsibility and its effect on efficiency improvement, the selection of the appropriate person as a manager is one of the important decision making subjects. This paper proposes a new fuzzy multiple attribute-based decision support system (DSS) for choosing suitable managers as such a selection may involve both quantitative and qualitative assessment attributes. There are many fuzzy ranking methods available to solve multi-attribute decision making (MADM) problems. Some are more suitable than other for particular decision problems. The proposed DSS has ability to choose the most appropriate fuzzy ranking method for solving given MADM problem, based on the type of attributes and the size of the problem, considering the least computation and time consumption for ranking alternatives. A DSS software prototype has been developed on the basis of the proposed DSS which can be applied for solving every FMADM problem which needs to rank some alternatives according to some attributes.

Ramza, B, Sears, SF, Murray, C, House, J, Kennedy, P, Thompson, R & Fedewa, MM 1970, 'Longitudinal Investigation of Patient Centric Outcomes: Comparisons between CRT-D vs. ICD Patients', Journal of Cardiac Failure, Elsevier BV, pp. S81-S81.
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Randall, JM, Tan, M, O'Han, M, Tran, N, Rasko, JEJ, Larsen, SR & Martiniello-Wilks, R 1970, 'ADVANCES IN CELLULAR THERAPEUTIC GENE TRANSFER TARGETING PROSTATE CANCER METASTASES', JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE, 7th Biennial Meeting of the Australasian-Gene-Therapy-Society, WILEY-BLACKWELL, Univ Melbourne, Bio21 Inst, Parkville, AUSTRALIA, pp. 421-422.

Ranga, Y, Esselle, KP, Weily, AR & Verma, AK 1970, 'Compact high-gain short-horn antenna for UWB applications', Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2011, pp. 1511-1513.
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A compact high-gain antenna with ultra wide bandwidth is proposed. A simple slot antenna offset fed by a microstrip line is used for excitation of short horn. Initial theoretical investigations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the short horn in gain enhancement. Results show a wide impedance bandwidth from 2.86 to 20 GHz with a peak gain of 14.53 dBi at 14 GHz while an average gain of 10.5 dBi has noticed from 3 to 10 GHz region. © 2011 EurAAP.

Ranga, Y, Matekovits, L, Esselle, KP & Weily, AR 1970, 'Design and analysis of frequency-selective surfaces for ultrawideband applications', 2011 IEEE EUROCON - International Conference on Computer as a Tool, IEEE EUROCON 2011 - International Conference on Computer as a Tool, IEEE, pp. 1-4.
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In this paper we investigate a multilayer frequency-selective surface (FSS) and its potential use in ultra wideband (UWB) antennas. A complete design and analysis of the FSS with an example UWB antenna is presented. The multilayer FSS provides an appropriate reflection phase to act as a reflector for the UWB antenna and is able to enhance its gain. A design guideline for the FSS is presented via a parametric study. Evaluation of the multilayer FSS with a UWB slot antenna shows a significant enhancement of gain across an ultra wideband (140%) impedance bandwidth. Its compact configuration provides flexibility for mounting the reflector close to the slot antenna geometry and makes it more suitable for various UWB devices. Simulations show a linear phase response across 4 to 12 GHz band which is sufficient for ultra wideband operation. © 2011 IEEE.

Ranga, Y, Matekovits, L, Esselle, KP & Weily, AR 1970, 'Enhanced gain UWB slot antenna with multilayer Frequency-Selective Surface reflector', 2011 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), 2011 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), IEEE, pp. 176-179.
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Adequately design Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSSs) allow significant control of the phase of reflection and transmission characteristics over a wide frequency band. This property is used here to develop a multilayer FSS reflector enhancing the gain and radiation properties of antennas for ultra wideband applications. These kinds of reflectors make structures low profile by providing the flexibility in mounting them closer to antenna without disturbing the impedance bandwidth and providing a good gain control in the main beam direction. In order to design a suitable reflector dual layer FSS have been designed and employed with a slot antenna. FSS layer works from 4 GHz to 12 GHz, providing a linear transmission phase in the 133% bandwidth. Performance of the FSS is tested with UWB slot antenna and predicted results show significant gain enhancement while maintain the bandwidth of 140%. © 2011 IEEE.

Ranga, Y, Matekovits, L, Esselle, KP & Weily, AR 1970, 'Multilayer frequency-selective-surface reflector for constant gain over ultra wideband', Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2011, pp. 332-334.
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In this paper the gain enhancement of an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna, achieved using an appropriately designed multi-layer frequency selective surface (FSS) reflector is demonstrated. The proposed novel FSS reflects effectively in-phase over a bandwidth of about 145%. Consequently, significant enhancement in antenna gain has been achieved with a low-profile configuration without compromising the impedance bandwidth of the UWB antenna. The composite structure is compact, with a total height of λ/4 where λ is the free-space wavelength at the lowest operating frequency of 3 GHz. Experimental results show an impedance bandwidth of 145% BW with FSS and 149% without FSS. The antenna gain is maintained around 9.3 dBi from 3 to 15 GHz with a variation of ±0.5 dB. The predicted wideband antenna performance and gain enhancement due to the presence of the FSS reflector are discussed. © 2011 EurAAP.

Ranga, Y, Matekovits, L, Esselle, KP & Weily, AR 1970, 'Oblique incidence performance of UWB frequency selective surfaces for reflector applications', 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI), 2011 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, pp. 3170-3173.
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In this paper the response of a dual-layer, ultra wideband (UWB) frequency selective surface (FSS) reflector to obliquely incident electromagnetic waves is investigated. The results show a stable transmission response over an ultra-wide bandwidth for both transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarizations. Performance of the FSS is evaluated for incidence angles up to 50 with respect to the normal to the surface. The unit cell consists of a two-layer structure and possesses symmetry in two orthogonal planes. For 0 incidence, the designed FSS shows a linear phase response with a stop bandwidth greater than 100%. These printed FSS reflectors are highly suitable for use with planar UWB antennas, giving flexibility of mounting antennas close to conducting surfaces. They provide good isolation between the antennas and external conductors and minimize near field effects such as impedance mismatch. © 2011 IEEE.

Ranga, Y, Matekovits, L, Esselle, KP & Weily, AR 1970, 'Oblique Incidence Performance of UWB Frequency Selective Surfaces for Reflector Applications', 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI), IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, WA, Spokane, pp. 3163-3166.

Rashid, U, Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Nguyen, HH 1970, 'Semi-definite programming for distributed tracking of dynamic objects by nonlinear sensor network', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), ICASSP 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 3532-3535.
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This paper discusses dynamic state estimation for nonlinear measurement model through distributed multisensor network under power constraints. For this scenario, we propose an optimized power allocation strategy based on semidefinite programming, that achieves minimum mean-squared error for the estimate subject to constraints on total transmit power. System nonlinearity is handled effectively with the help of distributed unscented Kalman filtering and linear fractional transformation. Furthermore, advantage of using multiple sensors over a single independent sensor is established through simulation results for tracking a maneuvering target. © 2011 IEEE.

Rehman, ZU, Hussain, FK & Hussain, OK 1970, 'Towards Multi-criteria Cloud Service Selection', 2011 Fifth International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing, 2011 Fifth International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing (IMIS), IEEE, Seoul, South Korea, pp. 44-48.
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Cloud computing despite being in an early stage of adoption is becoming a popular choice for businesses to replace in-house IT infrastructure due to its technological advantages such as elastic computing and cost benefits resulting from pay-as-you-go pricing and economy of scale. These factors have led to a rapid increase in both the number of cloud vendors and services on offer. Given that cloud services could be characterized using multiple criteria (cost, pricing policy, performance etc.) it is important to have a methodology for selecting cloud services based on multiple criteria. Additionally, the end user requirements might map to different criteria of the cloud services. This diversity in services and the number of available options have complicated the process of service and vendor selection for prospective cloud users and there is a need for a comprehensive methodology for cloud service selection. The existing research literature in cloud service selection is mostly concerned with comparison between similar services based on cost or performance benchmarks. In this paper we discuss and formalize the issue of cloud service selection in general and propose a multi-criteria cloud service selection methodology. © 2011 IEEE.

Ren, XT, Luo, X & Wang, JJ 1970, 'Automatic road clearance surveying with sensor fusion', Proceedings of the 2011 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, The Australian Robotics and Automation Association Inc. (ARAA), Monash University, Melbourne Australia, pp. 1-8.
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This paper introduces an automatic road clearance surveying (ARCS) method based on sensor fusion. Equipped with laser measurement system (LMS), camera and proprioceptive sensors (IMU and Odometer), this system is very efficient with improved personal safety. The LMS sensors measure surroundings by collecting range and remission data. Range data is processed to build up 3D model of surveyed objectives with position and attitude information from the proprioceptive sensors. Remission data is used for extracting traffic lanes. The lowest points detected within each lane are considered to be the lanes' clearance, and marked on the 3D model. Experimental results of a vehicle mounted prototype demonstrate its performance for automatic road clearance surveying.

Roy, NK, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Effects of load modeling in power distribution system with distributed wind generation', 2011 21st Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference Aupec 2011, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.
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This paper presents the impact of different types of load models in distribution network with distributed wind generation. The analysis is carried out for a test distribution system representative of the Kumamoto area in Japan. Firstly, this paper provides static analysis showing the impact of static load on distribution system. Then, it investigates the effects of static as well as composite load based on the load composition of IEEE task force report [1] through an accurate time-domain analysis. The analysis shows that modeling of loads has a significant impact on the voltage dynamics of the distribution system with distributed generation. © 2011 Queensland Univ of Tech.

Roy, NK, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Voltage profile improvement for distributed wind generation using D-STATCOM', 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2011 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, IEEE, Detroit, MI, pp. 1-6.
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Ruiz, N, Taib, R & Chen, F 1970, 'Freeform pen-input as evidence of cognitive load and expertise', Proceedings of the 13th international conference on multimodal interfaces, ICMI'11: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION, ACM, pp. 185-188.
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This paper presents a longitudinal study that explores the combined effect of cognitive load and expertise on the use of a scratchpad. Our results confirm that such cognitive support benefits users under high cognitive load through visual aid, perceptual motor use and helps to improve meaningful learning and successful problem solving. Indeed, we found significant changes in stroke frequency affected by cognitive load, which we believe are caused by the scratchpad essentially augmenting or extending working memory capacity. However, the discrepancy between stroke frequencies under low and high load is reduced with expertise. These results indicate that pen stroke frequency, which can be automated with electronic devices, could be used as an indicator of cognitive load, or conversely, of expertise level. © 2011 ACM.

Saberi, M, Azadeh, A, Hezaveh, NK, Anvari, M, Pazhoheshfar, P & Behrouznia, A 1970, 'Performance assessment and optimization of decision making units with an integrated artificial neural network algorithm', 2011 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Communication Software and Networks, 2011 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN), IEEE, pp. 1-5.
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This study proposes a non-parametric efficiency frontier analysis method based on artificial neural network (ANN) for measuring efficiency as a complementary tool for the common techniques of the efficiency studies in the previous studies. The proposed ANN algorithm is able to find a stochastic frontier based on a set of input-output observational data and do not require explicit assumptions about the functional structure of the stochastic frontier. Furthermore, it uses a similar approach to econometric methods for calculating the efficiency scores. Moreover, the effect of the return to scale of decision making unit (DMU) on its efficiency is included and the unit used for the correction is selected based on its scale (under constant return to scale assumption). However, the proposed algorithm is capable of handling outliers and noise. This is shown by two examples related to outlier situations. It is also capable of performing optimization analysis and forecasting for a given set of data. The proposed approach is applied to a set of actual conventional power plants to show its applicability and superiority. © 2011 IEEE.

Saberi, M, Azadeh, A, Nourmohammadzadeh, A & Pazhoheshfar, P 1970, 'Comparing performance and robustness of SVM and ANN for fault diagnosis in a centrifugal pump', Modsim 2011 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation Sustaining Our Future Understanding and Living with Uncertainty, MSSANZ 19th Biennial Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM), MODELLING & SIMULATION SOC AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND INC, Perth, AUSTRALIA, pp. 433-439.
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Fault detection and diagnosis has an effective role for the safe operation and long life of systems. Condition monitoring is an appropriate way of the maintenance techniques which is applicable in the fault diagnosis of rotating machinery faults. We considered the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method for classifying the condition of centrifugal pump into two types of faults through six features: flow, temperature, suction pressure, discharge pressure, velocity, and vibration. The SVM method is based on statistical learning theory (SLT) and powerful for the problem with small sampling, nonlinear and high dimension. (L.V. Ganyun et al 2005). The SVM classifying is implemented with 4 kernel functions and the results of them are compared. We use an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as the second classifying method to have comparison among the performance of two methods. After applying the two methods to our data set we make the data set noisy and again we try our SVMs and ANN to compare their robustness in noisy conditions and the results obtained from two methods confirmed the superiority of SVM with some specific kernel functions.

Saberi, M, Azadeh, A, Tofighi, S & Pazhoheshfar, P 1970, 'An integrated neural network algorithm for optimum performance assessment of auto industry with multiple outputs and corrupted data and noise', IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 2323-2328.
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Safavi-Naeini, M, Franklin, DR, Petasecca, M, Lerch, MLF, Kirkham, R, Moorhead, G, Dunn, P, De Geronimo, G, Rosenfeld, AB & IEEE 1970, 'Preclinical Studies Using a Prototype High-Resolution PET System with Depth of Interaction', 2011 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC), Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Anaheim, California, USA, pp. 3305-3307.
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A novel high resolution PET scanner dedicated to imaging small volumes (small animals or positron mammography) has been developed. The system utilises a novel SiPM detector array coupled to a pixelated LYSO scintillator and placed in an edge-on formation around the ring. The unique design provides a more accurate placement of the Lines of Response (LoR) by measuring the Depth of Interaction (DoI) which results in a uniform spatial resolution across the whole field of view (FoV). Analytical modelling of the effect of parallax error on spatial resolution is presented. A full prototype of the system is simulated using GATE/GEANT4 with Ge-68 point sources placed at various positions within the FoV. The simulation results are compared to experimental measurements on the prototype system, and the effectiveness of the proposed approach to determining the DoI is demonstrated. The effectiveness of the DoI estimation in achieving a uniform spatial resolution across the entire FoV is demonstrated where a 30% improvement in spatial resolution close to the outer edge of the gantry ring is obtained. Preliminary images of a micro-Defrise phantom filled with F-18 obtained using the prototype system are presented and compared with a simulation of the same configuration. © 2011 IEEE.

Saki, M, Fereidunian, A, Lesani, H & Kolarijani, MAS 1970, 'Distribution automation monitoring using Petri nets', The 2nd International Conference on Control, Instrumentation and Automation, 2011 2nd International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, and Automation (ICCIA), IEEE, pp. 56-61.
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The growth of the electricity distribution networks and increasing application of distributed generators, has led to complexity of monitoring of automation process and possibility of making wrong decisions in operation of these networks. Hence, a system that can be housed in energy control centers to assist distribution network operators in diagnosing cases of failure diagnosis sounds necessary. Regarding this, our study employs Petri net modeling to provide a model of automation system on a distribution network that can be implemented in the monitoring system of distribution networks control centers, and using the information received at these centers, to monitor various stages of automation process, detect faulted sections, and also, to inform the operator about the incorrect states in a real time manner. Therefore, the proposed model reduces incorrect outages and increases reliability of distribution networks by informing the operator and assisting him to decide correctly. © 2011 IEEE.

Saleh, A, Li, J & Lucas, J 1970, 'Internet-hosted assessment system for effective teaching and enhanced learning for engineering subjects', Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE2011) - Developing Engineers for Social Justice: Community Involvement, Ethics & Sustainability, AAEE - Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Engineers Australia, Fremantle, WA, pp. 505-509.
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Despite of their popularity, online Learning Management Systems suffer serious limitations as a reliable and effective assessment tool in their implementation for engineering education, partly due to their demand for equation manipulation and multiple stage problem solving. An innovative spreadsheet based assessment tool (e-Task) which is designed to overcome such shortcoming and provides effective teaching and enhanced learning for engineering subjects has been proposed by the authors. The tool was developed for both formative and summative assessments with a capability to automatically collect not only results but also feedback from students on their perceived learning. Building on the previous work, this paper presents a further development by introducing a new deployment concept of the e-Task through internet-hosting of the system in order to enable effective teaching and enhanced learning of engineering subjects. The proposed internet-hosted assessment system (e-Task) integrates state-of-the-art cloud computing technology by incorporating a spreadsheet-like environment that can accommodate a wider range of users and course developers as well as enables easier expansion of the system in the future. It greatly enhances the fundamental concepts proposed in the original e-Taks by offering better accessibility, flexibility and controllability. It obviates any need of a specific software or hardware for the operational platform and requires only Internet access for its operation. Features of the Internet hosted e-Task include: the ability to access it by various Internet browsers, embedding learning and diagnostic feedback, individualised data sets for each students and automated marking & feedback.

Samali, B, Fatahi, B & Tabatabaiefar, HR 1970, 'Seismic behaviour of concrete moment resisting buildings on soft soil considering soil-structure interaction', Incorporating Sustainable Practice in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 21st Australian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press/Balkema, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 407-412.
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In this study, the effects of soil-structure interaction (SSI) on the seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete moment resisting building frames are studied using finite difference method. Two types of mid-rise structures, consisting of 5 and 15 stories on soft soil, are selected and analysed. The above mentioned frames are analysed under two different boundary conditions: (i) fixed-base (no soil-structure interaction), and (ii) considering soil-structure interaction. To model soil-structure interaction, the soil medium considering soil's non-linear damping and plasticity with interface elements between soil and structure is included. The results of the analyses in terms of structural forces and lateral displacements for the above mentioned boundary conditions for different earthquakes are compared. It is observed that lateral deflections and drifts of the structures increase when SSI is included. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Samali, B, Li, J, Crews, K & Choi, FC 1970, 'Damage evaluation of a repaired timber beam using modal-based method', Incorporating Sustainable Practice in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 21st Australian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press/Balkema, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 751-755.
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For bridge structures, global damage evaluation and structural health monitoring using modal based damage identification methods have dominated recent worldwide research. However, to date there are few works reported on the effectiveness of the methods to evaluate the new conditions after the damaged structures have been repaired. In this paper, a modal based damage identification method for localisation of damage in a timber beam, utilising modal data from before and after damage as well as after repair, is presented based on experimental results. The method employs modal parameters that monitor changes in modal strain energy of damaged and repaired beams with respect to the undamaged one. Experimental modal analysis is used in the experimental work to acquire the modal parameters required by the method. The study aims to investigate the capability and limitations of the proposed method for identifying locations of damage in damaged and repaired timber structures. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

San, PP, Ling, SH, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Block Based Neural Network for Hypoglycemia Detection', 2011 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 5666-5669.
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In this paper, evolvable block based neural network (BBNN) is presented for detection of hypoglycemia episodes. The structure of BBNN consists of a two-dimensional (2D) array of fundamental blocks with four variable inputoutput nodes and weight connections. Depending on the structure settings, each block can have one of four different internal configurations. To provide early detection of hypoglycemia episodes, the physiological parameters such as heart rate (HR) and corrected QT interval (QTc) of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal are used as the inputs of BBNN. The overall structure and weights of BBNN are optimized by an evolutionary algorithm called hybrid particle swarm optimization with wavelet mutation (HPSOWM). The optimized structures and weights of BBNN are capable to compensate large variations of ECG patterns caused by individual and temporal difference since a fixed structure classifiers are easy to fail to trace ECG signals with large variations. The ECG data of 15 patients are organized into a training set, a testing set and a validation set, each of which has randomly selected 5 patients. The simulation results shows that the proposed algorithm, BBNN with HPSOWM can successfully detect the hypoglycemic episodes in T1DM in term of testing sensitivity (76.74%) and test specificity (50.91%).

Santosa, H, Milton, J & Kennedy, PJ 1970, 'HMXT-GP', Proceedings of the 2011 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, SAC'11: The 2011 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, ACM, Taichung, Taiwan, pp. 1070-1075.
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This paper applies a recent informationtheoretic approach to controlling Genetic Algorithms (GAs) called HMXT to treebased Genetic Programming (GP). HMXT, in a GA domain, requires the setting of selection thresholds in a population and the application of high levels of crossover to thoroughly mix alleles. Applying these in a treebased GP setting is not trivial. We present results comparing HMXT GP to Kozastyle GP for varying amounts of crossover and over three different optimisation (minimisation) problems. Results show that average fitness is better with HMXTGP because it maintains more diversity in populations, but that the minimum fitness found was better with Koza. HMXT allows straightforward tuning of population diversity and selection pressure by altering the position of the selection thresholds.

Seah, C-W, Tsang, IW-H & Ong, Y-S 1970, 'Healing Sample Selection Bias by Source Classifier Selection', 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Data Mining, 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM), IEEE, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 577-586.
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Domain Adaptation (DA) methods are usually carried out by means of simply reducing the marginal distribution differences between the source and target domains, and subsequently using the resultant trained classifier, namely source classifier, for use in the target domain. However, in many cases, the true predictive distributions of the source and target domains can be vastly different especially when their class distributions are skewed, causing the issues of sample selection bias in DA. Hence, DA methods which leverage the source labeled data may suffer from poor generalization in the target domain, resulting in negative transfer. In addition, we observed that many DA methods use either a source classifier or a linear combination of source classifiers with a fixed weighting for predicting the target unlabeled data. Essentially, the labels of the target unlabeled data are spanned by the prediction of these source classifiers. Motivated by these observations, in this paper, we propose to construct many source classifiers of diverse biases and learn the weight for each source classifier by directly minimizing the structural risk defined on the target unlabeled data so as to heal the possible sample selection bias. Since the weights are learned by maximizing the margin of separation between opposite classes on the target unlabeled data, the proposed method is established here as Maximal Margin Target Label Learning (MMTLL), which is in a form of Multiple Kernel Learning problem with many label kernels. Extensive experimental studies of MMTLL against several state-of-the-art methods on the Sentiment and Newsgroups datasets with various imbalanced class settings showed that MMTLL exhibited robust accuracies on all the settings considered and was resilient to negative transfer, in contrast to other counterpart methods which suffered significantly in prediction accuracy.

Sehestedt, S, Kodagoda, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Robust people tracking and SHMM learning using SHMMs', Proceedings of the 2011 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australian Robotics and Automation Association Inc., Melbourne, pp. 1-6.
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For effective Human Robot Interaction (HRI), it is necessary for the robot to be aware of its human peers and be able to anticipate and predict their actions. This paper explores an improved strategy for people tracking using Sampled Hidden Markov Models (SHMM) for capturing common human motion patterns. Such an SHMM contains rich information about human spatial behavior and it can be learned online during robot operation. The proposed integration of people tracking and learning offers significant improvements to the outcomes when compared to existing techniques. Real world experiments that demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of the approach are presented.

Sen, J 1970, 'Secure Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks', Book Chapter: Jaydip Sen (2011). Secure Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks, Wireless Mesh Networks, Nobuo Funabiki (Ed.), InTech. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/secure-routing-in-wireless-mesh-networks, International Conference on Information Systems Security (ICISS), Springer, Jaipur, India, pp. 393-408.
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Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged as a promising concept to meet thechallenges in next-generation networks such as providing flexible, adaptive,and reconfigurable architecture while offering cost-effective solutions to theservice providers. Unlike traditional Wi-Fi networks, with each access point(AP) connected to the wired network, in WMNs only a subset of the APs arerequired to be connected to the wired network. The APs that are connected tothe wired network are called the Internet gateways (IGWs), while the APs thatdo not have wired connections are called the mesh routers (MRs). The MRs areconnected to the IGWs using multi-hop communication. The IGWs provide access toconventional clients and interconnect ad hoc, sensor, cellular, and othernetworks to the Internet. However, most of the existing routing protocols forWMNs are extensions of protocols originally designed for mobile ad hoc networks(MANETs) and thus they perform sub-optimally. Moreover, most routing protocolsfor WMNs are designed without security issues in mind, where the nodes are allassumed to be honest. In practical deployment scenarios, this assumption doesnot hold. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of security issues inWMNs and then particularly focuses on secure routing in these networks. First,it identifies security vulnerabilities in the medium access control (MAC) andthe network layers. Various possibilities of compromising data confidentiality,data integrity, replay attacks and offline cryptanalysis are also discussed.Then various types of attacks in the MAC and the network layers are discussed.After enumerating the various types of attacks on the MAC and the networklayer, the chapter briefly discusses on some of the preventive mechanisms forthese attacks.

Shambour, Q & Lu, J 1970, 'A Hybrid Multi-criteria Semantic-Enhanced Collaborative Filtering Approach for Personalized Recommendations', 2011 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, 2011 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence (WI) and Intelligent Agent Technologies (IAT), IEEE, Lyon, France, pp. 71-78.
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Recommender systems aim to assist web users to find only relevant information to their needs rather than an undifferentiated mass of information. Collaborative filtering (CF) techniques are probably the most popular and widely adopted techniques in recommender systems. Despite of their success in various applications, CF-based techniques still encounter two major limitations, namely sparsity and coldstart problems. More recently, semantic information of items has been successfully used in recommender systems to alleviate such problems. Moreover, the incorporation of multi-criteria ratings in recommender systems can help to produce more accurate recommendations. Thereby, in this paper, we propose a hybrid Multi-Criteria Semantic-enhanced CF (MC-SeCF) approach. The MC-SeCF approach integrates the enhanced MC item-based CF and the item-based semantic filtering approaches to alleviate current limitations of the item-based CF techniques. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed MC-SeCF approach in terms of improving accuracy, as well as in dealing with very sparse data sets or cold-start items compared to benchmark item-based CF techniques. © 2011 IEEE.

Shambour, Q & Lu, J 1970, 'Government-to-Business Personalized e-Services Using Semantic-Enhanced Recommender System', Lecture Notes in Computer Science - Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective: Proceedings of Second International Conference, EGOVIS 2011, Toulouse, France, August 29 September 2, 2011., International Conference on Electronic Government and Information Systems Perspective, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Toulouse, France, pp. 197-211.
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The information overload problem results in the under-use of some existing e-Government services. Recommender systems have proven to be an effective solution to the information overload problem by providing users with information and services specific to their needs, rather than an undifferentiated mass of information. This paper focuses on how e-Governments can support businesses, which are seeking `one-to-one e-services, on the problem of finding adequate business partners. For this purpose, a Hybrid Semantic-enhanced Collaborative Filtering (HSeCF) recommendation approach to provide personalized Government-to-Business (G2B) e-services, and in particular, business partner recommendation e-services for Small to Medium Businesses is proposed. Experimental results on two data sets, MovieLens and BizSeeker, show that the proposed HSeCF approach significantly outperforms the benchmark item-based CF algorithms, especially in dealing with sparsity or cold-start item problems

Shambour, Q & Lu, J 1970, 'Integrating Multi-Criteria Collaborative Filtering and Trust filtering for personalized Recommender Systems', 2011 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Multicriteria Decision-Making (MDCM), 2011 Ieee Symposium On Computational Intelligence In Multicriteria Decision-Making - Part Of 17273 - 2011 Ssci, IEEE, Paris, France, pp. 44-51.
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Recommender Systems are information systems that attempt to recommend items of interest to particular users based on their explicit and implicit preferences. Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) aims at assisting the decision maker in the decision making process, or giving the decision maker a recommendation, concerning a set of actions, alternatives, items etc. Thus, despite their differences, Recommender Systems and Multi-Criteria Decision Making share the same objective which is supporting the decision making process and reducing information overload. In this paper we propose a novel hybrid Multi-Criteria Trust-enhanced CF (MC-TeCF) approach. The proposed MC-TeCF approach combines the MC user-based CF and the MC user-based Trust filtering approaches to alleviate the standard Single-Criteria user-based CF limitations. Empirical results demonstrate the significance and effectiveness of the proposed MC-TeCF approach in terms of improving accuracy, as well as in dealing with very sparse data sets or cold start users compared with the standard Single-Criteria user-based CF approach. © 2011 IEEE.

Sheard, J, Simon, Carbone, A, Chinn, D, Laakso, M-J, Clear, T, de Raadt, M, D'Souza, D, Harland, J, Lister, R, Philpott, A & Warburton, G 1970, 'Exploring programming assessment instruments', Proceedings of the seventh international workshop on Computing education research, ICER '11: International Computing Education Research Workshop, ACM, Providence, Rhode Island, USA, pp. 33-38.
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This paper describes the development of a classification scheme that can be used to investigate the characteristics of introductory programming examinations. We describe the process of developing the scheme, explain its categories, and present a taste of the results of a pilot analysis of a set of CS1 exam papers. This study is part of a project that aims to investigate the nature and composition of formal examination instruments used in the summative assessment of introductory programming students, and the pedagogical intentions of the educators who construct these instruments.

Shen, J, Beydoun, G & Low, G 1970, 'An MAS-Based Implementation for Semantic Web Services Composition.', ISD, International Conference on Information Systems Development, Springer, Edinburgh, Scotland, pp. 231-241.
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Shen, J, Beydoun, G, Henderson-Sellers, B, Yuan, S & Low, G 1970, 'Towards Peer Selection in a Semantically-Enriched Service Execution Framework with QoS Specifications', PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERNET AND WEB APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES (ICIW 2011), 6th International Conference on Internet andWeb Applications and Services (ICIW) / 1st International Workshop on Enterprise Cloud Computing - Strategies and Solutions (ECCSS), IARIA XPS PRESS, St Maarten, NETHERLANDS, pp. 201-206.
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This paper promotes an ontology-based multi agent system (MAS) framework to facilitate Peer-to-Peer (P2P) service selection with multiple service properties. P2P-based service has emerged as an important new field in the distributed computing arena. It focuses on intensive service sharing, innovative applications and compositions, and, in some cases, high performance orientation. However, one of the remaining challenges for the P2P-based service composition process is how to effectively discover and select the most appropriate peers to execute the service applications when considering multiple properties of the requested services. By introducing an ontology, different ontology-based e-service profiles can be proposed to facilitate handling multiple properties and to enhance the service oriented process in order to achieve the total or partial automation of service discovery, selection and composition. In this paper, we present a conceptual framework for peer selection with a preliminary mathematical model and a selection process, so as to enhance the P2P-based service coordination system and its components.

Shen, J, Beydoun, G, Yuan, S & Low, G 1970, 'Comparison of Bio-inspired Algorithms for Peer Selection in Services Composition.', IEEE SCC, IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 250-257.
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One of the challenges for the P2P-based service composition process is how to effectively discover and select the most appropriate peers to execute the service applications when considering multiple properties of the requested services. Different ontology-based e-service profiles have been proposed to facilitate handling multiple properties and to enhance the service oriented process in order to achieve the total or partial automation of service discovery, selection and composition. This paper investigates how the ACO (Ant Colony Optimisation) algorithm and the GA (Genetic Algorithm) may facilitate P2P-based (Peer-to-Peer) service selection with multiple service properties. The performance of both algorithms is evaluated and compared statistically using a pooled t-test for 30 randomly generated composition scenarios. Our experimental results show that both algorithms can improve the quality of service composition, while showing that the ACO approach is the more effective. © 2011 IEEE.

Sheng Daichao & Fredlund Delwyn G 1970, 'An elastoplastic model for unsaturated soils', Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering: The Academia and Practice of Geotechnical Engineering, IOS Press, pp. 3403-3407.
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A number of elastoplastic models have been proposed for unsaturated soils over the past three decades. These models have generally taken the form of simple extensions of elastoplastic models previously proposed for saturated soils. Laboratory testing programs have given rise to several unanswered questions regarding the acceptability of these models for unsaturated soils. There are questions related to: 1.) the variation of the yield stress with soil suction, 2.) the modeling of soils prepared from slurry conditions, and 3.) the existence of a smooth transition between saturated and unsaturated soil conditions. The model proposed in this paper addresses each of these questions by re-formulating the elastoplastic model for unsaturated soils through use of independent stress state variables. The re-formulation provides a smooth transition between the elastoplastic model for saturated and unsaturated soil conditions.

Sheng, D 1970, 'Constitutive modelling of unsaturated soils: Discussion of fundamental principles', Unsaturated Soils Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, pp. 91-112.
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An unsaturated soil is not a special type of soil, rather a state of the soil. All soils can be partially saturated with water. Therefore, constitutive models for soils should ideally represent the soil behaviour over entire ranges of possible pore pressure and stress values and allow arbitrary stress and hydraulic paths within these ranges. This paper attempts to present an overview of constitutive modelling for unsaturated soils. In particular, it focuses on the fundamental principles that govern the volume change, shear strength, yield surfaces, water retention and hydro-mechanical coupling. Alternative forms of these principles are critically examined in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. The paper also presents a short summary of implementing constitutive models into the finite element method. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Sheng, D & Zhou, AN 1970, 'Hydro-mechanical coupling for unsaturated soils', Unsaturated Soils Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, pp. 957-963.
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This paper presents an alternative method to couple the hydraulic component with the mechanical component in a constitutive model for unsaturated soils. Some pioneering work on hydromechanical coupling is first reviewed. Generalised constitutive relations on coupled hydro-mechanical behaviour are then introduced. These generalised constitutive relations are incorporated into an existing model, the SFG model, to predict the effects of specific volume on the saturation-suction relationship. The coupled model is validated against experimental data for different soils. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Sheng, D, Augarde, CE & Abbo, AJ 1970, 'A fast algorithm for finding the first intersection with a non-convex yield surface', Computational Geomechanics Comgeo II Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Computational Geomechanics, pp. 496-507.
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A major task in the numerical modeling of soils using complex elasto-plastic models is stress updating. This paper proposes a fast and robust numerical algorithm for locating the first intersection between a non-convex yield surface and an elastic trial stress path. The intersection problem is cast into a problem of finding the smallest positive root of a nonlinear function. Such a function may have multiple roots within the interval of interest. The method is based on the Modified Steffensen method, with important modifications to address the issues arising from the non-convexity. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed M2 Steffensen method is indeed computationally efficient and robust.

Shi, L, Kodagoda, S & Ranasinghe, R 1970, 'Fast indoor scene classification using 3D point clouds', Proceedings of the 2011 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, The ACRA 2011 Organising Committee, Monash University, Melbourne Australia, pp. 1-7.
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A representation of space that includes both geometric and semantic information enables a robot to perform high-level tasks in complex environments. Identifying and categorizing environments based on onboard sensors are essential in these scenarios. The Kinect™, a 3D low cost sensor is appealing in these scenarios as it can provide rich information. The downside is the presence of large amount of information, which could lead to higher computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a methodology to efficiently classify indoor environments into semantic categories using Kinect™ data. With a fast feature extraction method along with an efficient feature selection algorithm (DEFS) and, support vector machines (SVM) classifier, we could realize a fast scene classification algorithm. Experimental results in an indoor scenario are presented including comparisons with its counterpart of commonly available 2D laser range finder data.

Shiping Wen, Yi Shen, Zhigang Zeng & Yanxia Cai 1970, 'Chaos analysis and control in a chaotic circuit with a PWL memristor', International Conference on Information Science and Technology, 2011 International Conference on Information Science and Technology (ICIST), IEEE, pp. 1030-1033.
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Shrestha Binod, Khabbaz Hadi & Fatahi Behzad 1970, 'Performance Comparison of Vertical-Horizontal with Conventional Reinforced Soil Walls Using Numerical Modelling', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH AFRICAN REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING: RESOURCE AND INFRASTRUCTURE GEOTECHNICS IN AFRICA: PUTTING THEORY INTO PRACTICE, 15th African Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ARCSMGE), IOS Press, Maputo, MOZAMBIQUE, pp. 237-242.
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Conventional reinforced soil walls have demonstrated acceptable performance during earthquake occurrences. Nevertheless, there is still some potential for enhancing the performance of these walls without increasing the cost significantly. This paper presents an overview on the application of vertical components to the reinforced soil in addition to the horizontal reinforcement. The performance of conventional and the modified reinforced soil walls are evaluated and compared to each other. In this study, a series of 2D models is carried out using PLAXIS, finite element software, to investigate behaviour of these walls. The performance of reinforced walls is evaluated under the seismic loads of Kobe earthquake. The results indicate that the proposed wall with vertical reinforcement has superior performance compared with the conventional method and can reduce the risk of failure during earthquakes.

Shrestha, B, Khabbaz, H & Fatahi, B 1970, 'Experimental Evaluation of Seismic Deformation Characteristics of Vertical-Horizontal Reinforced Soil Walls', ICAGE 2011 - Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, International Conference on Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Australia, pp. 797-802.
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Reinforced soils have been widely used in different construction applications including retaining walls. The performance of retaining walls employing vertical reinforcement in conjunction with horizontal reinforcement is investigated experimentally. This paper presents an experimental study of the seismic performance of vertical-horizontal reinforced soil wall on the simulated earthquake using reducedscale shake table tests. Construction of model retaining walls, instrumentation and results from shaking table tests are described in detail. Two types of reinforced walls, conventional horizontal reinforcement and vertical-horizontal reinforcement, were subjected to large shake of the earthquake motions. The geometry of the model, soil properties and reinforcement characteristics has been kept identical in all tests. The reinforcements used were polymeric geogrids, which were connected to the wrap-facing. Each consecutive horizontal reinforcement layers were connected in tension to each other with the help of vertical connections. The walls were instrumented using transducers to measure wall facing displacement, and accelerations within the soil. The magnitude of lateral displacement under base excitation significantly reduced when vertical reinforcement was included to the wall system.

Shrestha, B, Khabbaz, H & Fatahi, B 1970, 'PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED SOIL FOUNDATION STRUCTURES WITH VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT', Geotechnical Engineering for Disaster Mitigation and Rehabilitation and Highway Engineering 2011, Proceedings of the 3rd and 5th International Conference, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, INDONESIA, Semarang, pp. 443-448.
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This study examines the performance of geosynthetic reinforced wall inserting vertical elements in conjunction with conventional horizontal reinforcements. In this system, similar to normal reinforcement, the selected granular material is compacted over the horizontal reinforcement up to the designed height and then another layer of horizontal reinforcement is laid down. Numerical investigations have been carried out using finite element software, PLAXIS. Geosynthetic reinforced soil foundation performance and its characteristics have been simulated with and without vertical reinforcement under static and dynamic loads. Numerical results show that the total settlement decreases by inserting inclined reinforcement in both static and dynamic loading in general, and particularly under seismic loading. A new bearing capacity formula incorporating the contribution of both vertical and horizontal reinforcements is also introduced based on the previously published studies and the outputs of this numerical simulation.

Shujau, M, Ritz, CH & Burnett, IS 1970, 'Linear Predictive perceptual filtering for Acoustic Vector Sensors: Exploiting directional recordings for high quality speech enhancement', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), ICASSP 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 5068-5071.
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This paper investigates the performance of a new technique for speech enhancement which combines Linear Predictive (LP) spectrum-based perceptual filtering to the recordings obtained from an Acoustic Vector Sensor (AVS). The technique takes advantage of the directional polar responses of the AVS to obtain a significantly more accurate representation of the LP spectrum of a target speech signal in the presence of noise when compared to single channel, omni-directional recordings. Comparisons between the speech quality obtained from the proposed technique and existing beamforming-based speech enhancement techniques for the AVS are made through Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) tests and Mean Opinion Score (MOS) listening tests. Results show significant improvements in PESQ and MOS scores of 0.2 and 1.6, respectively, for the proposed enhancement technique. Being based on a miniature microphone array, the approach is particular suitable for hands free communication applications in mobile telephony. © 2011 IEEE.

Shujau, M, Ritz, CH & Burnett, IS 1970, 'Separation of speech sources using an Acoustic Vector Sensor', 2011 IEEE 13th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, 2011 IEEE 13th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 1-6.
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This paper investigates how the directional characteristics of an Acoustic Vector Sensor (AVS) can be used to separate speech sources. The technique described in this work takes advantage of the frequency domain direction of arrival estimates to identify the location, relative to the AVS array, of each individual speaker in a group of speakers and separate them accordingly into individual speech signals. Results presented in this work show that the technique can be used for real-time separation of speech sources using a single 20ms frame of speech, furthermore the results presented show that there is an average improvement in the Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) for the proposed algorithm over the unprocessed recording of 15.1 dB and an average improvement of 5.4 dB in terms of Signal to Distortion Ratio (SDR) over the unprocessed recordings. In addition to the SIR and SDR results, Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) and listening tests both show an improvement in perceptual quality of 1 Mean Opinion Score (MOS) over unprocessed recordings. © 2011 IEEE.

Sick, N, Blug, M & Leker, J 1970, 'The influence of raw material prices on the development of hydrogen storage materials: The case of metal hydrides', PICMET: Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology, Proceedings, PICMET '11 Conference: "Technology Management in the Energy-Smart World", Portland, Oregon, USA.
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Hydrogen holds a prominent role as renewable energy carrier of the future due to its high gravimetric energy density. However, the most urgent technological challenge - especially concerning mobile applications in fuel cell vehicles - is the development of appropriate hydrogen storage options. In this context, metal hydrides are a promising candidate, especially concerning development potential and storage density. Our research outlines the, so far neglected, influence of raw material prices on the decision which metal hydride is to date the most promising option to pursue. Using scenario analysis, we picture the impact of possible price developments depending on the diffusion speed of fuel cell technologies into the automotive market, further applications of the corresponding raw materials and other external influence factors.The main practical implication of our approach consists in enhancing the understanding of constantly changing market conditions - in our case scarcity and prices of the needed raw materials - and their impact on technology assessment in an early stage of the innovation process. In a superior context, our results in terms of metal hydrides can be adapted to further technologies and thus contribute to design a general model illustrating the influence of raw material prices on the development of energy technologies. © 2011 IEEE.

Sleap, SB, Turner, BD & Sloan, SW 1970, 'Fluoride remediation with calcite as a function CO2 partial pressure', Computer Methods for Geomechanics Frontiers and New Applications, pp. 751-756.
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At Hydro Aluminium located in the Hunter Valley, NSW, Australia, spent potliner (SPL) waste has contaminated the local ground water aquifer with concentrations of fl uoride up to 2,000 mg/L. The ability of calcite (CaCO 3) to remove this fl uoride was studied in a batch reactor as a function of CO2 partial pressure and fraction size. Results show that fl uoride removal at equilibrium is independent of fraction size, but the rate at which equilibrium is achieved is faster for smaller sized fractions (larger surface area). The optimum partial pressure of CO2 was between 7% and 15% with ~95% & 98% F removal achieved respectively in experiments using pure fl uoride solutions. Results using actual SPL contaminated groundwater indicate removal by calcite is dependent on at least two different chemical pathways (mechanisms) that can adversely affect defl uoridation and that geochemical models require rigorously defi ned kinetic data before they can be used to accurately predict results in this system.

Sloan, SW, Abbo, AJ & Sheng, DC 1970, 'Accelerated convergence of Newton-Raphson method using a least squares approximation to the consistent tangent matrix', Computer Methods for Geomechanics Frontiers and New Applications, pp. 15-20.
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Consistent tangent formulations have the highly desirable property of providing quadratic convergence when Newton-Raphson iteration is used to solve the global stiffness equations. The implementation of these formulations, however, is not straightforward as they require the use of an implicit stress integration scheme in order to form the consistent stiffness matrix. These integration schemes are not well suited to adaptive sub-stepping (which is extremely effective for handling the complex constitutive relations that are typical for geomaterials) and are prone to non-convergence unless very small load steps are used. This paper presents a new technique for accelerating the convergence of Newton-Raphson iteration that is based on the consistent tangent approach with a least squares approximation to the plastic multiplier. The signifi cance of the method is that it allows a quasi-consistent tangent formulation to be used in conjunction with explicit stress integration schemes. Although the procedure does not provide quadratic convergence, it does accelerate the Newton-Raphson iteration process dramatically and is very robust.

Smith, A, Reitsma, L, van den Hoven, E, Kotze, P & Coetzee, L 1970, 'Towards Preserving Indigenous Oral Stories Using Tangible Objects', 2011 Second International Conference on Culture and Computing, 2011 Second International Conference on Culture and Computing (Culture Computing), IEEE, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 86-91.
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Handcrafted beadwork produced by the BaNtwane people of South Africa is loaded with meaning. Communicating indigenous oral stories is important for passing on culture-specific traditions and community memory, such as the meaning of the handcrafted beadwork. Oral stories are told within the physical confines of the community. The community we focus on in this paper suffers from younger generations moving away physically, start preferring the English language over their mother tongue and digital over oral communication, and therefore this co-located storytelling process is interrupted. As part of the StoryBeads project we have created an interactive system that incorporates a combination of physical objects and modern technology for recording and replaying oral stories that can help preserve the meaning of the handcrafted beadwork of the BaNtwane people.

Sofi, M, Mendis, P, Baweja, D & Elvira, E 1970, 'Bond performance of strand and wire in early age concrete', Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on High Performance Concrete - Design, Verification & Utilization (TR48), International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, New Zealand Concrete Society (NZCS), Rotorua, NZ, pp. 1-10.
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Many failures have occurred in the live and dead end anchors of post-tensioned (PT) suspended slabs during the post-tensioning process, prompting a closer study of the behaviour of anchorage zone concrete. In suspended slabs, the post-tensioning loads are transferred to concrete mass via an anchorage assembly that consists in a strand and anchor component. As a part of wider study to establish the failure mechanism of anchorage zone concrete, pullout tests are carried out to investigate the bond behaviour of the strand and wire in early age concrete. Direct type pullout specimens were tested at 3, 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after pouring the concrete. The aim of the experiments was to evaluate the bond performance of strand and wire in high early strength concrete. Selected experimental results and a finite element model representing the pullout tests are presented in this paper. The model is validated based on the load-displacement results. Relevant parameters are discussed.

Sofi, M, Mendis, PA, Baweja, D & Elvira, E 1970, 'Anchorage zones behaviour of early age concrete: Application to post-tensioned members', Incorporating Sustainable Practice in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 21st Australian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, pp. 261-266.
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Anchorage zones of post-tensioned (PT) concrete slabs experience concentrated stresses as a result of post-tensioning procedures during the construction. The PT load is applied at two different stages after casting the concrete. This is to prevent shrinkage cracks and to overcome pre-stressing losses. During the early ages, however, concrete undergoes exothermic hydration reaction resulting in volume changes and associated thermal and time-dependent strains. During this time, if the strength development is lagging behind the induced stresses, severe micro-cracking can result. This can be a precursor to anchorage zone failures. To illustrate the case, Finite Element simulation of a rectangular section anchorage specimen is presented. The model consists in two distinct phases: the first phase simulates the hydration and associated thermal effects, and the second phase discusses the mechanical load imposed while the concrete hydration is ongoing. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Sofi, M, Zhang, L, Mendis, PA & Baweja, D 1970, 'Early age concrete creep: Using model B3 prediction', Incorporating Sustainable Practice in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 21st Australian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, pp. 267-272.
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Thermal and visco-elastic effects are more pronounced in early age concrete (1 to 7 days). This is due to the presence of free water and un-hydrated cementious particles. It is common practice to load the structural members during this time in order to meet the tight construction schedule. As a result, regions of high stress concentrations, such as anchorage zones in post-tensioned (PT) members, experience higher time dependent strains. This paper discusses the early age concrete effects and the predictions of early age creep strains using B3 model. A simple cylindrical specimen is considered for the analysis. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Sohaib, O, Hussain, W, Ahmed, A & Khattak, BS 1970, 'Understanding Context- aware Architectures for Ubiquitous Environment', FUTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, International Conference on Future Information Technology (ICFIT 2011), INT ASSOC COMPUTER SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PRESS-IACSIT PRESS, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 154-158.

Sohail, SI, Kiani, GI & Esselle, KP 1970, 'Enhancing RF/microwave efficient transmission through energy saving glass windows using Frequency Selective surface', 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI), 2011 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, Spokane, WA, pp. 2262-2263.
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Sohail, SI, Kiani, GI & Esselle, KP 1970, 'Parametric analysis of RF and microwave transmission through single and multiple layers of float glass', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC), IEEE, Engineers Australia, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1454-1457.
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Energy-Saving Glass (ESG) is used to prevent the penetration of infrared (IR) radiation into buildings and hence to maintain thermal comfort. ESG is made of float glass with metallic-oxide coating over it. Unfortunately RF/microwave signals are attenuated by this coating making communication more difficult. Multi-layer float glass windows provide another solution that can offer thermal comfort inside buildings. This paper presents a parametric study on the transmission of RF/microwave signals through float glass panels. Single, double and tripple glass panels are analyzed and the effects of the dielectric constant, thickness and gap between panels are considered. It is observed that with appropriate selection of parameters high-transmission band can be changed to obtain best transmission at some frequencies while stronger transmission at the lower frequencies (e,g up to 2GHz) or wider passband with larger passband ripples can be obtained. © 2011 Engineers Australia.

Speelpenning, T, Antle, AN, Doering, T & van den Hoven, E 1970, 'Exploring How Tangible Tools Enable Collaboration in a Multi-touch Tabletop Game', Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction, IFIP TC13 Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 605-621.
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Digital tabletop surfaces afford multiple user interaction and collaboration. Hybrid tabletops that include both tangible and multi-touch elements are increasingly being deployed in public settings (e.g. Microsoft Surface, reacTable). Designers need to understand how the different characteristics of tangible and multi-touch interface elements affect collaborative activity on tabletops. In this paper, we report on a mixed methods exploratory study of a collaborative tabletop game about sustainable development. We explore the effects of tangible and multi-touch tools on collaborative activity. Forty-five participants, in trios, played the game using both versions of the tools. Our analysis includes quantitative performance measures, qualitative themes and behavioral measures. Findings suggest that both tangible and multi-touch tools enabled effective tool use and that collaborative activity was more influenced by group dynamics than tool modality. However, we observed that the physicality of the tangible tools facilitated individual ownership and announcement of tool use, which in turn supported group and tool awareness.

Stewart, M, Wang, X & Nguyen, M 1970, 'Deterioration of concrete structures in Australia under changing environment', Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering -Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, CRC Press, pp. 2085-2093.
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Atmospheric CO2 is a major cause of reinforcement corrosion in bridges, buildings, wharves, and other concrete infrastructure. The increase in CO2 levels associated with global warming will increase the likelihood of carbonation-induced corrosion. Moreover, temperature rises will increase corrosion rates. Clearly, the impact of climate change on existing and new infrastructure is considerable, as corrosion damage is disruptive to society and costly to repair. The paper describes a probabilistic and reliability-based approach that predicts the probability of corrosion initiation and damage (severe cracking) for concrete infrastructure subjected to carbonation and chloride-induced corrosion resulting from elevated CO2 levels and temperatures. The atmospheric CO2 concentration and local temperature and relative humidity changes with time over the next 100 years in Australian cities are projected based on nine General Circulation Models (GCMs) under A1B, A1FI and 550 ppm stabilisation CO2 emission scenarios. The probabilistic analysis included the uncertainty of CO2 concentration, deterioration processes, material properties, dimensions, and predictive models. It was found that carbonation-induced damage risks can increase by over 400% over a time period to 2100 for some regions in Australia. Damage risks for chloride-induced corrosion increase by no more than 15% over the same time period due to temperature increase. Corrosion loss of reinforcement is not significant © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Stewart, MG & Lawrence, SJ 1970, 'RELIABILITY-BASED SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURAL MASONRY IN FLEXURE', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH AUSTRALASIAN MASONRY CONFERENCE, 9th Australasian Masonry Conference, 9TH AUSTRALASIAN MASONRY CONFERENCE, Univ Auckland, Queenstown, NEW ZEALAND, pp. 425-434.

Stewart, MG & Wang, X 1970, 'Risk assessment and economic viability of climate adaptation measures for Australian housing subject to extreme wind events', Modsim 2011 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation Sustaining Our Future Understanding and Living with Uncertainty, pp. 2852-2858.
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Australia is a continent subject to climatic extremes, and its losses from tropical cyclones and thunderstorms are significantly higher than other natural hazards. The number of severe tropical cyclones is likely to increase due to climate change. Brisbane and the northeast coast of Queensland are regions where design wind specifications may be inadequate under future climate conditions. For example, the Australia Building Codes Board is considering a shift in the boundary to cyclone Region C to extend it south on the Queensland coast to 27°S to include areas in the Sunshine Coast. Hence, there is an urgent need to assess the risks and economic viability of these climate adaptation measures. An appropriate adaptation strategy may be one that increases design wind speeds for new houses leading to reduced vulnerability of new construction. The present paper will assess the damage risks, adaptation costs and cost-effectiveness of this adaptation measure for residential construction in the Queensland cities of Cairns, Townsville, Rockhampton and Brisbane assuming time-dependent changes in frequency and intensity of cyclonic and non-cyclonic winds to 2100. Advanced spatial and temporal stochastic simulation methods will be used to include uncertainty and variability of climate and building vulnerability on damage risks. The criteria for cost-effectiveness are reduction in present value measured by Net Present Value (NPV) and probability that NPV exceeds zero. The simulation analysis found that increasing the wind classification for design of new housing (at a cost of $3,700 per house) for all cities can produce a mean NPV that exceeds $8.3 billion by 2100 assuming a 4% discount rate (see Figure 1). The benefits are highest for Brisbane due to its high exposure (large population) and relatively high vulnerability of existing residential construction. Retrofitting older houses is a more costly adaptation strategy which mostly resulted in a net loss. We also sh...

Stewart, MG, Shi, Y & Zhi, X 1970, 'Structural reliability analysis of reinforced concrete columns subject to explosive blast loading', Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Shock and Impact Loads on Structures, pp. 91-102.
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Reinforced concrete columns in buildings are vulnerable to terrorist attack and other sources of explosive blast loading, and failure of a critical column can lead to progressive collapse and large loss of life. There are considerable uncertainties associated with material strengths, dimensions, structural response, blast loading as well as expected damage. Hence, probabilistic methods are useful in quantifying the probability of damage or collapse. In this paper, Monte-Carlo simulation and probabilistic methods are used as the computational tool that incorporates uncertainties associated with blast loads and material and dimensional properties for various threat scenarios. Monte-Carlo simulation and numerical methods are used to predict the damage of RC columns subjected to blast loading based on the explicit FEM software LS-DYNA. The prediction of damage is based on the load-bearing capacity of the structure. The structural reliability analysis calculates: (i) variability of structural response and (ii) damage and collapse risks RC columns. The effect of blast load variability on structural reliabilities is also investigated.

Sui, Y, Ye, S, Xue, J & Yew, P-C 1970, 'SPAS: Scalable Path-Sensitive Pointer Analysis on Full-Sparse SSA', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 155-171.
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We present a new SPAS (Scalable PAth-Sensitive) framework for resolving points-to sets in C programs that exploits recent advances in pointer analysis. SPAS enables intraprocedural path-sensitivity to be obtained in flow-sensitive and context-sensitive (FSCS) techniques scalably, by using BDDs to manipulate program paths and by performing pointer analysis level-by-level on a full-sparse SSA representation similarly as the state-of-the-art LevPA (the FSCS version of SPAS). Compared with LevPA using all 27 C benchmarks in SPEC CPU2000 and CPU2006, SPAS incurs 18.42% increase in analysis time and 10.97% increase in memory usage on average, while guaranteeing that all points-to sets are obtained with non-decreasing precision. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Sun, Y, Lu, S, Ge, Y, Li, Z & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'A power control mechanism for non-cooperative packet forwarding in ad hoc networks', 2011 IEEE 36th Conference on Local Computer Networks, 2011 IEEE 36th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN 2011), IEEE, Bonn, Germany, pp. 123-126.
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Based on energy consumption considerations, an ad hoc network node may reject other nodes' forwarding requests to save the limited battery power for its own data transmission. Therefore, a lot of incentive schemes have been proposed to promote the cooperation of the nodes. The utilization of the incentive schemes makes the nodes willing to cooperate with each other, because their non-cooperation can be punished in the future. However, the activities of the nodes in ad hoc networks have some inherent uncertainty. For example, the batteries of some nodes are exhausted or some nodes move to other regions. Under these situations, the existing incentive schemes are no longer effective and the nodes have to terminate their cooperation and stop forwarding packets for others. In this paper, we propose a power control mechanism in ad hoc networks under a dynamic repeated game-theoretic framework. A notion of nodes' evaluation levels for the future experiences is defined to take account of the non-cooperation due to the inherent uncertainty in the ad hoc network nodes' activities. The nodes achieve their optimal transmission efficiency by using a two-step power control mechanism. The simulation results show that compared with the existing schemes our power control mechanism considering non-cooperative packet forwarding improves the average transmission efficiency by approximately 25%. © 2011 IEEE.

Sun, Y, Moritz, J & Zhu, X 1970, 'Adaptive impedance matching and antenna tuning for green software-defined and cognitive radio', 2011 IEEE 54th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2011 IEEE 54th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), IEEE, Seoul, South Korea, pp. 1-4.
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Impedance matching between the power amplifier and antenna is crucial for efficient power transfer in a green transmitter. A single antenna with a software-configurable tuning unit can serve the functions of multiple antennas which are otherwise required by multistandard wireless communications. Impedance matching and tuning must be adaptive and in real time for fast varying frequencies and surroundings of mobile communications. Small size and low power consumption must also be met in such tuning systems for mobile phones and terminals. This paper overviews automatic antenna tuning for modern and future generation mobile communications. Recent advances in impedance monitoring methods, fast tuning algorithms and programmable matching systems are discussed. Latest effort in integrating automatic impedance tuning systems on a silicon chip is also introduced. © 2011 IEEE.

Syu, J, Meng, C, Lin, C, Wong, S, Huang, G & Liu, W 1970, '2.4-GHz 8.5-mW 3.7-dB NF 100-kHz 1/f corner direct-conversion receiver using double-balanced passive mixer', 2011 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, 2011 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - MTT 2011, IEEE, pp. 1-1.
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Taha, T, Miro, JV, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'A POMDP Framework for Modelling Human Interaction with Assistive Robots', 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 544-549.
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This paper presents a framework for modelling the interaction between a human operator and a robotic device, that enables the robot to collaborate with the human to jointly accomplish tasks. States of the system are captured in a model based on a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). States representing the human operator are motivated by behaviours from the psychology of the human action cycle. Hierarchical nature of these states allows the exploitation of data structures based on algebraic decision diagrams (ADD) to efficiently solve the resulting POMDP. The proposed framework is illustrated using two examples from as-sistive robotics; a robotic wheel chair and an intelligent walking device. Experimental results from trials conducted in an office environment with the wheelchair is used to demonstrate the proposed technique. © 2011 IEEE.

Talaei-Khoei, A, Ray, P, Parameswaran, N & Beydoun, G 1970, 'Modeling Awareness of Agents using Policies.', ICSOFT (2), International Conference on Software and Data Technologies, SciTePress, Seville, Spain, pp. 353-358.
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In addition to cooperation, research in disaster management exposes the need for policy awareness to recognize relevant information in enhancing cooperation. Intelligent software agents have previously been employed for problem solving in disaster situations but without incorporating how the agents can create or model awareness. This paper presents an awareness based modelling method, called MAAP, to maintain awareness of software agents of a given set of policies. The paper presents preliminary results indicating that the use of policies as a source of awareness, as facilitated by MAAP, is a potentially effective method to enhance cooperation.

Talukder, SA & Huynh, BP 1970, 'Effects of Number of Stator Blades on the Performance of a Torque Converter', Volume 6: Fluids and Thermal Systems; Advances for Process Industries, Parts A and B, ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, ASMEDC, pp. 949-953.
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Torque converter (TC) is a totally enclosed hydrodynamic turbomachine, used most often in automobiles for the smooth transfer of power and speed change from the engine to the transmission, and torque magnification. A typical TC has 3 major components: a pump that is attached directly to the TC cover and connected to the engine shaft, a turbine connected to the transmission shaft, and a stator connected to the transmission housing via a one-way clutch and providing guidance for the fluid flow. In this work, effects of the number of stator blades on the performance of a TC are investigated numerically, using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package. The standard k-epsilon turbulence model was used. A Newtonian fluid whose properties correspond to industrial oil was used for the working fluid. The range of speed ratio (between turbine’s speed and pump’s) of 0.2–0.8 was considered. It was found that as the stator blades’ number increases (here from 13 to 19), the TC’s efficiency and torque ratio vary significantly, passing through minimum and generally also reaching a maximum.

Tan, CT & Johnston, A 1970, 'Towards a Non-Disruptive, Practical and Objective Automated Playtesting Process', Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, Artificial Intelligence in the Game Design Process, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), Stanford, USA, pp. 25-28.
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Playtesting is the primary process that allows a game designer to access game quality. Current playtesting methods are often intrusive to play, involves much manual labor, and might not even portray the player's true feedback. This paper aims to alleviate these shortcomings by presenting the position that state of the art artificial intelligence techniques can construct automated playtesting systems that supplement or even substitute this process to a certain extent. Several potential research directions are proposed in this theme. A work-in-progress report is also included to demonstrate the conceptual feasibility of the potentials of this research area.

Tan, Z, Jamdagni, A, He, X, Nanda, P & Liu, RP 1970, 'Denial-of-Service Attack Detection Based on Multivariate Correlation Analysis', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Shanghai, China, pp. 756-765.
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The reliability and availability of network services are being threatened by the growing number of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. Effective mechanisms for DoS attack detection are demanded. Therefore, we propose a multivariate correlation analysis approach to investigate and extract second-order statistics from the observed network traffic records. These second-order statistics extracted by the proposed analysis approach can provide important correlative information hiding among the features. By making use of this hidden information, the detection accuracy can be significantly enhanced. The effectiveness of the proposed multivariate correlation analysis approach is evaluated on the KDD CUP 99 dataset. The evaluation shows encouraging results with average 99.96% detection rate and 2.08% false positive rate. Comparisons also show that our multivariate correlation analysis based detection approach outperforms some other current researches in detecting DoS attacks. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Tan, Z, Jamdagni, A, He, X, Nanda, P & Liu, RP 1970, 'Multivariate Correlation Analysis Technique Based on Euclidean Distance Map for Network Traffic Characterization', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Information and Communications Security, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Beijing, China, pp. 388-398.
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The quality of feature has significant impact on the performance of detection techniques used for Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack. The features that fail to provide accurate characterization for network traffic records make the techniques suffer from low accuracy in detection. Although researches have been conducted and attempted to overcome this problem, there are some constraints in these works. In this paper, we propose a technique based on Euclidean Distance Map (EDM) for optimal feature extraction. The proposed technique runs analysis on original feature space (first-order statistics) and extracts the multivariate correlations between the first-order statistics. The extracted multivariate correlations, namely second-order statistics, preserve significant discriminative information for accurate characterizations of network traffic records, and these multivariate correlations can be the high-quality potential features for DoS attack detection. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is evaluated using KDD CUP 99 dataset and experimental analysis shows encouraging results. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Thach, TS, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 1970, 'DOES CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION WITH AND WITHOUT VITAMIN D INCREASE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK? A CLINICO-BAYESIAN INTERPRETATION', OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL, IOF Regionals 2nd Asia-Pacific Osteoporosis and Bone Meeting / ANZBMS Annual Scientific Meeting held with the JSBMR, SPRINGER LONDON LTD, Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA, pp. S546-S546.

Thakur, PK, Vinod, JS & Indraratna, B 1970, 'The role of particle breakage on the shear behaviour of coarse granular materials: A micromechanical investigation', Geomechanics and Geotechnics: From Micro to Macro - Proceedings of the International Symposium on Geomechanics and Geotechnics: From Micro to Macro, IS-Shanghai 2010, International Symposium on Geomechanics and Geotechnics - From Micro to Macro, CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 585-589.
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In this investigation, a DEM based computer program Particle Flow Code in Two Dimension (PFC 2D) has been used to study the cyclic behavior of ballast particles. Angular ballast particles were modeled as clusters of bonded circular particles and degradation of the bonds within a cluster was considered to represent particle breakage. The results of DEM simulations captured the ballast behaviour under cyclic loading in accordance with the experimental observations. Furthermore, a relationship has been proposed between, micromechanical parameter, particle displacement vectors and number of bond breakage. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group.

Thalakotuna, DNP, Matekovits, L, Esselle, KP & Heimlich, M 1970, 'Dynamic tuning of electromagnetic bandgap', Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2011, pp. 1065-1067.
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Dynamically changing the position and width of the electromagnetic band gap of a periodic microwave structure is investigated. The one-dimensional structure consists of twenty four unit cells. It has two dielectric layers: a relatively thick Alumina bottom layer and a thin Polymide top layer, with a thickness ratio of 252. There is a microstrip on the top surface. Metal patches, sandwiched between the two layers, are selectively short circuited to the ground plane on the bottom surface, using vias and FET switches, to change the bandgap and hence the cut-off characteristics of the microwave structure. The results obtained for different switching patterns indicate that this structure can be used in filtering and sensing applications in 2.9 GHz 3.1GHz range. © 2011 EurAAP.

Thalakotuna, DNP, Matekovits, L, Esselle, KP & Heimlich, M 1970, 'Effect of active device insertion losses on the electromagnetic bandgap characteristics of a tunable 1D periodic structure in the S band', 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI), 2011 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, Spokane, WA, pp. 1808-1811.
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Thapngam, T, Yu, S, Zhou, W & Beliakov, G 1970, 'Discriminating DDoS attack traffic from flash crowd through packet arrival patterns', 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), IEEE INFOCOM 2011 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops, IEEE, pp. 952-957.
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Current DDoS attacks are carried out by attack tools, worms and botnets using different packet-transmission strategies and various forms of attack packets to beat defense systems. These problems lead to defense systems requiring various detection methods in order to identify attacks. Moreover, DDoS attacks can mix their traffics during flash crowds. By doing this, the complex defense system cannot detect the attack traffic in time. In this paper, we propose a behavior based detection that can discriminate DDoS attack traffic from traffic generated by real users. By using Pearson's correlation coefficient, our comparable detection methods can extract the repeatable features of the packet arrivals. The extensive simulations were tested for the accuracy of detection. We then performed experiments with several datasets and our results affirm that the proposed method can differentiate traffic of an attack source from legitimate traffic with a quick response. We also discuss approaches to improve our proposed methods at the conclusion of this paper. © 2011 IEEE.

Thomas, C, Busch, F, Kuhlenkoetter, B & Deuse, J 1970, 'Process and Human Safety in Human-Robot-Interaction - A Hybrid Assistance System for Welding Applications', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 112-121.
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The paper focuses on work and process safety in robot assisted welding operations and discusses technical means to ensure a safe and ergonomic human-robot-interaction with overlapping workspaces. It discusses the development of a multi-robot assistance system to reduce labour-intensive manual handling of heavy parts in welding of tubular and framework constructions. The research is part of the project "rorarob" [1],[2],[3] and is supported by a demonstrator at TU Dortmund University. Parts of the research are contemporaneous published in [4]. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Tian Shi Wang, Zhu, JG, You Guang Guo, Gang Lei & Xu, W 1970, 'Simulation and experimental studies of permanent magnet synchronous motor control methods', 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 252-255.
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This paper presents simulation and experimental studies of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control methods, including vector control (VC) or field oriented control (FOC), direct torque control (DTC) and model predictive control (MPC). The static and dynamic performance of each method are performed and compared in Matlab/Simulink and dSAPCE system.

Tian, H, Li, W, Ogunbona, P, Nguyen, DT & Zhan, C 1970, 'Smoke detection in videos using Non-Redundant Local Binary Pattern-based features', 2011 IEEE 13th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, 2011 IEEE 13th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP), IEEE, Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1-4.
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Ting Sun & Dylan Dah-Chuan Lu 1970, 'Digital time-multiplexing control of single-switch dual-output DC/DC converter', 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS 2011), IEEE, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 828-833.
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A single-switch dual-output buck DC/DC converter with digital time-multiplexing control (TMC) technique is presented in this paper. Adaptive weighted voltage control (WVC) is introduced over the existing fixed WVC for power conversion and it is capable of flexibly and dynamically distributing output voltage errors. The digital TMC is implemented by a low cost micro-controller. Simulation and experimental results are reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2011 IEEE.

Ting Zhang, Yong Cai, Du, J, Ying Jay Guo & Xiao Wei Sun 1970, 'A compact high-T<inf>c</inf> superconducting quarter-wavelength SIR bandpass filter', 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 123-126.
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A compact high-temperature superconducting bandpass filter for wireless communications is proposed in this paper. The filter consists of four quarter-wavelength short-circuited stepped impedance resonators (SIR). A pair of transmission zeros outside the passband are introduced into the design by evaluating coupling coefficients between the four resonators for high selectivity within the frequency band of interest. The use of short-circuited quarter-wavelength SIRs has resulted in a higher spurious passband than conventional half-wavelength coupled-line filters. Based on the theoretical calculations, the filter has a compact size and exhibits a well suppressed stopband. The filter is fabricated on an MgO substrate with YBCO superconductor coating. Simulation and measurement results are presented. © 2011 IEEE.

Tran, N, Zhang, X, Rose, B & Martiniello-Wilks, R 1970, 'CO-REGULATION OF THE PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH PROTEIN 4 (Pdcd4) BY miR-21 and miR-499', JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE, 7th Biennial Meeting of the Australasian-Gene-Therapy-Society, WILEY-BLACKWELL, Univ Melbourne, Bio21 Inst, Parkville, AUSTRALIA, pp. 425-426.

Tran, NN, Nguyen, HH, Tuan, HD & Dodds, DE 1970, 'Channel estimation for amplify-and-forward relaying with spatially correlated antennas', 2011 5th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), 2011 5th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS 2011), IEEE, Honolulu, HI, pp. 1-5.
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This paper proposes an optimal training design for an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system in which the source, relay and destination are all equipped with multiple antennas. Examined is the scenario when spatial correlation exists among the multiple antennas employed at each node in the system and such information is properly taken into account in the training design. The training design problem is formulated as a convex optimization problem which can be efficiently solved with the iterative bisection procedure. Simulation results demonstrate the performance advantage of the proposed training design for the linear minimum mean-squared-error (LMMSE) channel vector estimation over the training design for the LMMSE channel matrix estimation.

Tran, NN, Nguyen, HH, Tuan, HD & Dodds, DE 1970, 'Designs of Training Signals for Spatially Correlated Multi-User MIMO-OFDM', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 1-6.
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Optimal training design and channel estimation for spatially correlated multi-user multi-input multi-output with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems is still an open research topic of great interest. This paper applies tractable semi-definite programming to obtain the optimal training signal for the general case of spatial channel correlations for multi-user MIMO-OFDM. The optimal solution in closed-form expression is also derived for a special case of transmit correlations. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed designs and their performance advantage over the equi-powered training designs. © 2011 IEEE.

Tran, T & Ha, QP 1970, 'Decentralised Predictive Control with Energy Dissipation Bounds for Wireless Structural Control Applications', Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), Seoul Korea, pp. 39-44.
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Decentralized control architectures for multi-storey buildings using wireless sensors and distributed embedding systems have been attracting more research recently. The designs for this application are however limited by the computational capacity embedded in each subsystem, the communication bandwidth and range of wireless channels, as well as the temporal constraints for real-time seismic protections. This paper presents a novel decentralized predictive control (DPC) strategy which can meet these design constraints. The control design takes into account the guaranteed closed-loop stability for the large-scale structure which is established from the dissipative systems theory. The proposed DPC strategy features two offline control laws to be switched-over online to minimize the computational and communication demands. By emulating the energy dissipation rate with a stabilizing constraint for the DPC optimization, the seismic protection performance of structural networked controls can be improved. The approach is designated with energy-dissipation DPC for structures using semiactive dampers. The approximated polynomial models of magneto-rheological (MR) dampers are adopted for linear systems in decentralized control designs. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the analytical developments.

Tran, T & Ha, QP 1970, 'Set-point tracking semi-automatic control of interconnected systems with input disturbances', Proceedings of the 2011 Australian Control Conference, AUCC 2011, Australian Control Conference, Engineers Australia & IEEE, Melbourne Australia, pp. 224-229.
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This paper presents the novel concept of incrementally accumulative quadratic constraint (IAQC) and its use in the constrained stabilisation for complex interconnected systems in set-point control (set-point tracking) schemes. IAQC is an incremental and discrete-time version of the integral quadratic constraint (IQC) in the time domain. A constructive method of stabilising agents for use with decentralised model predictive controllers (MPC) in semi-automatic modes is subsequently introduced. Here, the nonzero set-point control and local disturbances are effectively dealt with by employing a quadratical dissipativity criterion w.r.t control inputs and plant outputs, and a norm bounded gain for the disturbance input and plant output pair. The procedure of IAQC-based stabilising agents accommodates the coexistence of feedback control and man-in-the-loop regulation. The multiplier matrices of the IAQC are updated on-the-fly to assure the constrained feasibility. The control application of a counter-current washing circuit in a hydrometallurgical process is simulated to illustrate the viability of the presented stabilising agent. © 2011 ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA & AUSTRALIAN OPTICAL.

Tran, T, Ha, QP & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Semi-automatic control of modular systems with intermittent data losses', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2011), IEEE, Trieste Italy, pp. 625-630.
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This paper presents a control procedure of distributed stabilising agents for dynamically-coupled systems operating in the imperfect data environment of a mesh device network. A multivariable controller is applied to each single modular subsystem, which also allows for a manual control mode. To deal with the device network, intermittent data losses are compensated for on-the-fly using the incrementally accumulative quadratic constraint (AQC). The incrementally AQC is employed in the procedure of stabilising agents to accommodate the coexistence of closed-loop control and man-in-the-loop regulation. These agents render stabilising bounds for the manipulated variables in the automatic control mode, and at the same time, provide warning signals and manipulation guidance for the operators to prevent possible plant-wide destabilisation in the semi-automatic control mode. Taking the control constraints into consideration, the feasibility of AQC-based stabilising bounds is guaranteed for the consecutive datalost periods of device networks. The innovative aspect of the proposed approach rests on the stability condition developed from the input and output evolution prescribed in the controller AQC and the system dissipativity, as well as the method of remedying data losses right after the incidents. Simulation results are provided for the model predictive control of an industrial modular system in the mineral processing industry. © 2011 IEEE.

Tran, T, Ha, QP, Nguyen, HT & Tuan, HD 1970, 'Toward Plant-wide Control of Reticulated Systems Arising in Alumina Refineries with Online Stabilisation', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, IFAC World Congress, Elsevier BV, Milano Italy, pp. 10529-10534.
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This paper presents a novel distributed model predictive control strategy for reticulated systems of the alumina refining process. The plant-wide control is facilitated by the constructive method of online stabilisations that is applicable to the model predictive controllers (MPC) as stability constraints. The plant-wide process is modeled as a large-scale system formed by the subsystems of different unit operations interconnected to each other. The stability condition for the interconnected system is derived from the accumulative quadratic constraint (AQC), which is subsequently developed into receding-horizon stability constraints for MPC. The proposed online stabilisation scheme can be implemented for a department and/or the whole alumina refinery, which consists of four main departments of digestion, clarification, precipitation-filtration, and evaporation. The theoretical results are illustrated by simulations for a typical example of three dynamically-coupled subsystems.

Tran, TS, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Seibel, MJ, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 1970, 'SERUM TESTOSTERONE AND FRACTURE RISK INMEN: A COMPARISON OF RADIOIMMUNOASSAY VERSUS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY', OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL, IOF Regionals 2nd Asia-Pacific Osteoporosis and Bone Meeting / ANZBMS Annual Scientific Meeting held with the JSBMR, SPRINGER LONDON LTD, Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA, pp. S589-S590.

Tran, Y, Thuraisingham, R, Craig, A, Tomlinson, E, Davis, GM, Middleton, J & Nguyen, H 1970, 'Changes in blood volume pulse during exercise recovery in activity-based therapy for spinal cord injury', 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 693-696.
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This paper presents the results of cardiovascular changes that occur during a novel rehabilitation strategy called activity based therapy (ABT). Blood volume pulse (BVP) signals were measured during functional electrical stimulation (FES)-induced cycling in adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) persons and results were compared to a passive cycling task and able-bodied controls performing normal cycling. BVP signals were compared during three conditions, a baseline preexercise condition, 5 minutes after exercise and after 30- minutes rest following exercise. Exercise recovery was evaluated using normalized inner products values in BVP signals. The results showed that FES-induced cycling in SCI participants resulted in a significantly greater peripheral resistance level and longer time to recover from exercise compared with passive cycling and normal cycling in ablebodied controls.

Tsakonas, A & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Evolving Takagi-Sugeno-Kang fuzzy systems using multi population grammar-guided genetic programming', ECTA 2011 FCTA 2011 - Proceedings of the International Conference on Evolutionary Computation Theory and Applications and International Conference on Fuzzy Computation Theory and Applications, pp. 278-281.
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This work proposes a novel approach for the automatic generation and tuning of complete Takagi-Sugeno-Kang fuzzy rule based systems. The examined system aims to explore the effects of a reduced search space for a genetic programming framework by means of grammar guidance that describes candidate structures of fuzzy rule based systems. The presented approach applies context-free grammars to generate individuals and evolve solutions through the search process of the algorithm. A multi-population approach is adopted for the genetic programming system, in order to increase the depth of the search process. Two candidate grammars are examined in one regression problem and one system identification task. Preliminary results are included and discussion proposes further research directions.

Tseng, H-C, Shyu, J-J, Chang, J-Y & Lin, C-T 1970, 'Exploiting automatic image segmentation to human detection and depth estimation', 2011 IEEE Symposium On Computational Intelligence For Multimedia, Signal And Vision Processing, 2011 Ieee Symposium On Computational Intelligence For Multimedia, Signal And Vision Processing - Part Of 17273 - 2011 Ssci, IEEE, Paris, France, pp. 19-25.
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In this paper, we combine image segmentation techniques and face detection methods to extract the human from scenes. Firstly, skin regions are detected and an ellipse fitting method is employed to detect the face region and consequently locate the human position. Then we propose an improved automatic seeded region growing algorithm to segment the image. The initial seeds are generated automatically, and the remaining pixels are classified to the nearest region. After the region growing procedure, two neighboring regions with high similarity are merged. The human body is determined by confining semantic human body region in segmented regions, and those belonging to the human face and human body are merged afterward. Lastly, we will detect the human vertical y-coordinate values in the image, and the depths can then be estimated according to the depth look-up tables of the camera. © 2011 IEEE.

Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Nguyen, HH 1970, 'Error-entropy based channel state estimation of spatially correlated MIMO-OFDM', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), ICASSP 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 3468-3471.
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This paper deals with optimized training sequences to estimate multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) channel states in the presence of spatial fading correlations. The optimization criterion is the entropy minimization of the error between the high multi-dimensional and correlated channel state and its estimator. The globally optimized training sequences are exactly solved by a semi-definite programming (SDP) of tractable computational complexity O((M t (M t + 1)/2) 2.5 ), where M t is the transmit antenna number. With new tight two-sided bounds for the objective function, the optimal value of the generic SDP can be approximately solved by the standard water-filling algorithm. Intensive simulation results are provided to illustrate the performance of our methods. © 2011 IEEE.

Tuan, HD, Son, TT, Tuy, H & Nguyen, HH 1970, 'Optimum multi-user detection by nonsmooth optimization', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), ICASSP 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 3444-3447.
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The optimum multiuser detection (OMD) is a discrete (binary) optimization. The previously developed approaches often relax it by a semi-definite program (SDP) and then employ randomization for searching the optimal solution around the solution of this relaxed SDP. In this paper, we show the limited capacity of this SDP program, which at the end cannot give a better solution than the simple linear minimum mean square error detector (LMMSE). Our departure point is to express the problem as quadratic minimization over quadratic equality constraint (QMQE) or concave quadratic minimization over a box of continuous optimization (CQOB). The QMQE allows us to develop a nonsmooth optimization algorithm to locate the global optimal solution of OMD, while CQOB facilities effective confirmation of the solutions found by QMQE. Our intensive simulation clearly shows that the algorithm outperforms all previously developed algorithms while the computational burden is essentially reduced. © 2011 IEEE.

Tune, P & Veitch, D 1970, 'Sampling vs sketching: An information theoretic comparison', 2011 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM, IEEE INFOCOM 2011 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 2105-2113.
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The main approaches to high speed measurement in routers are traffic sampling, and sketching. However, it is not known which paradigm is inherently better at extracting information from traffic streams. We tackle this problem for the first time using Fisher information as a means of comparison, in the context of flow size distribution measurement. We first provide a side-by-side information theoretic comparison, and then with added resource constraints according to simple models of router implementations. Finally, we evaluate the performance of both methods on actual traffic traces.

Vakiloroaya, V, Khatibi, M, Ha, QP & Samali, B 1970, 'An Optimal Control Strategy for Water-Cooled Direct Expansion System in Real-World Application', Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Measurement and Control Engineering, International Conference on Measurement and Control Engineering, ASME Press, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA, pp. 31-37.
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In this paper, the optimization-simulation approach based on Lagrange multiplier method is proposed to investigate energy saving potential of a watercooled direct expansion (DX) cooling plant by refining the model of the HVAC system components and deriving optimal conditions for their operation subject to technical constraints. An actual water-cooled DX rooftop package of a realworld commercial building in hot and dry climate conditions is used for experimental data collection, modeling and strategy testing. Both inputs and outputs are measured from the field monitoring in one summer month. Based on the mathematical models and using collected data, modules incorporating the proposed optimal control strategy for the water-cooled DX air conditioning system with variable refrigerant flow rate are developed and embedded in a transient simulation software package. Simulation results are provided to show possibility of significant energy saving and comfort enhancement by implementing proposed optimal control strategy.

Vakiloroaya, V, Khatibi, M, Ha, QP & Samali, B 1970, 'New integrated hybrid evaporative cooling system for HVAC energy efficiency improvement', 2011 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII), 2011 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII 2011), IEEE, Kyoto Japan, pp. 772-778.
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Cooling systems in buildings are required to be more energy-efficient while maintaining the standard air quality. The aim of this paper is to explore the potential of reducing the energy consumption of a central air-conditioned building taking into account comfort conditions. For this, we propose a new hybrid evaporative cooling system for HVAC efficiency improvement. The integrated system will be modeled and analyzed to accomplish the energy conservation and thermal comfort objectives. Comparisons of the proposed hybrid evaporative cooling approach with current technologies are included to show its advantages. To investigate the potential of energy savings and air quality, a real-world commercial building, located in a hot and dry climate region, together with its central cooling plant is used in the case study. The energy consumption and relevant data of the existing central cooling plant are acquired in a typical summer week. The performance with different cooling systems is simulated by using a transient simulation software package. New modules for the proposed system are developed by using collected experimental data and implemented with the transient tool. Results show that more than 52% power savings can be obtained by this system while maintaining the predicted mean vote (PMV) between -1 to +1 for most of summer time.

Vakiloroaya, V, Samali, B, Madadnia, J, Ha, QP & IEEE 1970, 'Component-Wise Optimization for a Commercial Central Cooling Plant', IECON 2011: 37TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 2686-2691.
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Thermal comfort and energy savings are two main goals of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. In this paper, the optimization-simulation approach is proposed for effective energy saving potential in a commercial central cooling plant by refining the model of optimal operation for system components and deriving optimal conditions for their operation subject to technical and human comfort constraints. To investigate the potential of energy savings and air quality, a real-world commercial building, located in a hot and dry climate region, together with its central cooling plant is used for experimentation and data collection. Both inputs and outputs of the existing central cooling plant are measured from the field monitoring in one typical week in the summer. Optimization is performed by using empirically-based models of the central cooling plant components. Optimization algorithms implemented on a transient simulation software package, are used to solve the minimization problem of energy consumption for each considered control strategies and predict the HVAC system optimized set-points under transient load. The integrated simulation tool was validated by comparing predicted and measured power consumption of the chiller during the first day of July. Results show that between 3.2% and 11.8% power savings can be obtained by this approach while maintaining the predicted mean vote (PMV) from -0.5 to +1 for most of the summer time

Vakiloroaya, V, Su, SW & Ha, QP 1970, 'HVAC Integrated Control for Energy Saving and Comfort Enhancement', Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), Seoul Korea, pp. 245-250.
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The overall attainable reduction in energy consumption and enhancement of human comfort of Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are dependant on thermodynamic behavior of buildings as well as performance of HVAC components and device control strategies. In this paper by refining the models of HVAC components, the influence of integrated control of shading blinds and natural ventilation on HVAC system performance is discussed in terms of energy savings and human comfort. An actual central cooling plant of a commercial building in the hot and dry climate condition is used for experimental data collection, modeling and strategy testing. Subject to comfort constraints, interactions between the buildingâs transient hourly load and system performance are considered to show how the system energy consumption varies at different control strategies. For validation, a holistic approach is proposed to integrate dynamic operations of shading devices with direct and indirect ventilation of a commercial building equipped with a central cooling plant. Simulation results are provided to show possibility of significant energy saving and comfort enhancement by implementing proper control strategies.

Vakiloroaya, V, Zhu, JG & Ha, QP 1970, 'Modelling and Optimization of Direct Expansion Air Conditioning System for Commercial Building Energy Saving', Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), Seoul Korea, pp. 233-238.
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This paper presents a comprehensive refinement of system modeling and optimization study of air-cooled direct expansion (DX) refrigeration systems for commercial buildings to address the energy saving problem. An actual DX rooftop package of a commercial building in the hot and dry climate condition is used for experimentation and data collection. Both inputs and outputs are known and measured from the field monitoring. The optimal supply air temperature and refrigerant flow rate are calculated based on the cooling load and ambient dry-bulb temperature profiles in one typical week in the summer. Optimization is performed by using empirically-based models of the refrigeration system components for energy savings. The results are promising as approximately 9% saving of the average power consumption can be achieved subject to a predetermined comfort constraint on the ambient temperature. The proposed approach will make an attractive contribution to residential and commercial building HVAC applications in moving towards green automation.

Valipour, M, Shabibi, SA, Saberi, M & Azadeh, A 1970, 'Improving the performance of artificial immune system in estimation problems with normalization technique: A case study of USA, Japan and France electricity consumption', 2011 IEEE 9th International Symposium on Applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics (SAMI), 2011 IEEE 9th International Symposium on Applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics (SAMI), IEEE, pp. 137-141.
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This paper presents an artificial immune system (AIS) for electricity consumption estimation as a common problem in estimation domain. We study the impact of data normalization on artificial immune system (AIS) performance and two hundred AIS are constructed for this. Also, fifty AIS have been constructed and tested in order to finding best AIS for electricity consumption estimation in each case. Another unique feature of this study is the utilization of AIS in estimation domain and especially in electricity consumption estimation as the first time. Two standard inputs are used in order to training and testing developed AIS. The mentioned input parameters are gross domestic product (GDP) and population (POP). All of trained AIS are then compared with respect to mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). To meet the best performance of the intelligent based approaches, data are normalized. To show the applicability and superiority of the AIS, actual electricity consumption in USA, Japan and France from 1980 to 2007 is considered. © 2011 IEEE.

Valls Miro, J, De Bruijn, F, Dissanayake, G, Boisard, O & Ton, P 1970, 'Robot-Assisted Inspection of Concrete Box Girders in Bridges', Proceedings for the Austroads Conference 2011: Sustainable Bridges - The Thread of Society, Austroads Bridge Conference, Austroads Ltd., Sydney, pp. 335-346.
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This paper describes a robotic solution to the structural health inspection of concrete box girders. A combination of sensors including a laser range finder, a depth (RGB-D) camera, an inertial measurement unit and a high-resolution camera are mounted on a tracked robot. The robot can be driven inside a box girder even when there are steps present, to collect high-resolution images of the concrete structure. Software that allows the information captured to be registered with a 3D geometric map of the inside of a box girder, and a visualization tool that can be used to evaluate location-annotated highly-detailed surface condition pictures by the human operator has been developed. The proposed remote evaluation technique makes it feasible to safely monitor areas over a sequence of inspections, leading to more effective maintenance procedures. The effectiveness of the system is illustrated using data gathered during a field trial where the robot was deployed within the Overpass at Huntleyâs Point, in the junction between Victoria Road and Burns Bay Road in Sydney. Functionality to automatically identify defects/regions of interest is also being investigated. It is anticipated that supplementing manual inspection tasks with robotic aids will mitigate the risk to manual entry into a confined space with a consequential saving in associated cost. This project is collaboration between the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) and the Roads & Traffic Authority (RTA) of NSW.

Valls Miro, J, Zhou, W & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'A strategy for efficient observation pruning in multi-objective 3D SLAM', 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2011), IEEE, pp. 1640-1646.
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van Erve, D, Vos, G-W, van den Hoven, E & Frohlich, D 1970, 'Cueing the past', Procedings of the Second Conference on Creativity and Innovation in Design, DESIRE '11: Creativity and Innovation in Design, ACM, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, pp. 335-345.
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Embodied interaction describes how meaning in interaction is created through engagement. With this approach as a source of inspiration for three exploratory design cases this paper explores the possibilities of embodied interaction in storing, retrieving and enriching everyday memories. Following the principles of designing for embodiment, all three design cases aim at cueing memories through visual modalities like photo and video. We discuss these case studies in light of the embodied interaction and memory theory. Our findings indicate that everyday remembering may be a suitable application area for combining it with embodied interaction, because of its abstract and personal nature.

Van, A, Gay, V, Kennedy, PJ, Barin, E & Leijdekkers, P 1970, 'Understanding risk factors in cardiac rehabilitation patients with random forests and decision trees.', AusDM, Australian Data Mining Conference, Australian Computer Society, Ballarat, Australia, pp. 11-22.

Vidal, T, Berger, C, Sola, J & Lacroix, S 1970, 'Environment Modeling for Cooperative Aerial/Ground Robotic Systems', Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 681-696.
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Vuksic, VB, Bach, MP & Marjanovic, O 1970, 'Business process orientation in Croatian companies: A multi-site case study', Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces, ITI, pp. 51-58.
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Business Process Management (BPM) has been recently adopted as a mechanism for achieving competitive advantage thorough process-related performance improvement. In order to analyze the current level of BPM adoption, and thus improve it, contemporary organizations use the concept of Business Process Orientation (BPO). This research uses a multi-site case study approach is to analyze how five Croatian companies have implemented BPO as a tool for ongoing improvement of their business processes. The selected case organizations have introduced BPO several years ago, and all have mature BPM systems in place. Having achieved a high level of BP automation, this study confirms that each organization is now turning their attention towards process-related performance. This in turn has created the need for additional processrelated information that could be only achieved through better data integration between BPM systems and companies' information systems.

Wahid, H, Ha, QP & Duc, HN 1970, 'Computational Intelligence Estimation of Natural Background Ozone Level and its Distribution for Air Quality Modelling and Emission Control', Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), Seoul, Korea, pp. 1157-1163.
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Background ozone, known as the ozone that occurs in the troposphere as a result of biogenic emissions without photochemical influences, has a close relationship with human health risk. The prediction of the background ozone level by an air quality model could cover a wider region, whereas a measurement method can only record at monitoring sites. The problem is that simulation with deterministic models is quite tedious because of the nonlinear nature of some particular chemical reactions involved in the pollutant formulation. In this work, we present a reliable method for determination of the background ozone using the ambient measurement data. Our proposed definition can be used to determine the background level at any part of the globe and in any seasons without relying on data obtained at remote sites. A statistical model approach will be used for the estimation of the background ozone concentration, and a method for extrapolating the site data will be utilised to approximate the spatial distribution on the region. The proposed method will be applied in the Sydney basin to evaluate its effectiveness in background ozone determination. The results show the advantage of the proposed approach as a globally generic and computationally efficient way for the background ozone estimation with a reasonable accuracy.

WALDRON, KJ 1970, 'MODELING OF QUADRUPEDAL RUNNING GAITS', Field Robotics, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, pp. 595-604.
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In this work we correct a previous ballistic model of the gallop cycle that could not be reconciled with experimental evidence. One of the assumptions on which that model was based proved to be incorrect. Dropping that assumption and taking a different approach to the development of the governing equations, we are able to develop expressions for the durations between footfalls during the stride cycle that are consistent with available experimental data. We also suggest a reason why some fast running animals use a rotary gallop, rather than a transverse gallop.

Wang, C, Cao, L, Wang, M, Li, J, Wei, W & Ou, Y 1970, 'Coupled nominal similarity in unsupervised learning', Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management, CIKM '11: International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM, Glasgow, UK, pp. 973-978.
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The similarity between nominal objects is not straightforward, especially in unsupervised learning. This paper proposes coupled similarity metrics for nominal objects, which consider not only intra-coupled similarity within an attribute (i.e., value frequency distribution) but also inter-coupled similarity between attributes (i.e. feature dependency aggregation). Four metrics are designed to calculate the inter-coupled similarity between two categorical values by considering their relationships with other attributes. The theoretical analysis reveals their equivalent accuracy and superior efficiency based on intersection against others, in particular for large-scale data. Substantial experiments on extensive UCI data sets verify the theoretical conclusions. In addition, experiments of clustering based on the derived dissimilarity metrics show a significant performance improvement. © 2011 ACM.

Wang, D, Kwok, NM, Fang, G & Ha, QP 1970, 'Anytime Ant System for Manipulator Path Planning', Robotic Welding, Intelligence and Automation, Robotic Welding, Intelligence and Automation, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Shanghai, China, pp. 411-420.
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An efficient algorithm for manipulator path planning is presented in this paper. Because of the complexity of the problem nature, it frequently takes a long time for the planner to find an optimal path. This drawback may hinder a robotic manipulator system from many real-time applications. In this research work, the concept of anytime algorithm is integrated into a novel swarm intelligence method, the Ant System with Negative Feedback (ASNF). With the proposed Anytime Ant System (AAS), a planner is able to find a suboptimal solution quickly, then improve the quality of this solution while time allows. Simulations based on a two-link manipulator have been carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Wang, L, He, X, Du, R, Jia, W, Wu, Q & Yeh, W-C 1970, 'Facial Expression Recognition on Hexagonal Structure Using LBP-Based Histogram Variances', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Multimedia Modeling Conference, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 35-45.
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In our earlier work, we have proposed an HVF (Histogram Variance Face) approach and proved its effectiveness for facial expression recognition. In this paper, we extend the HVF approach and present a novel approach for facial expression. We take into account the human perspective and understanding of facial expressions. For the first time, we propose to use the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) defined on the hexagonal structure to extract local, dynamic facial features from facial expression images. The dynamic LBP features are used to construct a static image, namely Hexagonal Histogram Variance Face (HHVF), for the video representing a facial expression. We show that the HHVFs representing the same facial expression (e.g., surprise, happy and sadness etc.) are similar no matter if the performers and frame rates are different. Therefore, the proposed facial recognition approach can be utilised for the dynamic expression recognition. We have tested our approach on the well-known Cohn-Kanade AU-Coded Facial Expression database. We have found the improved accuracy of HHVF-based classification compared with the HVF-based approach. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Wang, R, Tapson, J, Hamilton, TJ & van Schaik, A 1970, 'An analogue VLSI implementation of polychromous spiking neural networks', 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, 2011 Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), IEEE, pp. 97-102.
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We present an analogue VLSI implementation of a polychronous network of spiking neurons. The network is capable of storing and retrieving spatial-temporal spike patterns. It consists of 14 leaky-integrate-and-fire neurons and corresponding axonal connections with programmable delays. © 2011 IEEE.

Wang, S, Jia, W, Wu, Q, He, X & Yang, J 1970, 'Learning Global and Local Features for License Plate Detection', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Shanghai, China, pp. 547-556.
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This paper proposes an intelligent system that is capable of automatically detecting license plates from static images captured by a digital still camera. A supervised learning approach is used to extract features from license plates, and both global feature and local feature are organized into a cascaded structure. In general, our framework can be divided into two stages. The first stage is constructed by extracting global correlation features and a posterior probability can be estimated to quickly determine the degree of resemblance between the evaluated image region and a license plate. The second stage is constructed by further extracting local dense-SIFT (dSIFT) features for AdaBoost supervised learning approach, and the selected dSIFT features will be used to construct a strong classifier. Using dSIFT as a type of highly distinctive local feature, our algorithm gives high detection rate under various complex conditions. The proposed framework is compared with existing works and promising results are obtained. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Wang, S, Kodagoda, S, Wang, Z & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Multiple sensor based terrain classification', Proceedings of the 2011 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australasion Conference on Robotics and Automation, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-7.
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In the context of road vehicles, knowledge of terrain types is useful for improving passenger safety and comfort. This paper presents a method for terrain classification based on multiple sensors including an accelerometer, wheel encoders and a camera. The vertical accelerations and the speed of the vehicle together with a dynamic vehicle model are used to predict the road profile. Features extracted from the road profile are fused with image features to produce a speed invariant feature set. A supervised learning algorithm based on Neural network (NN) is used to classify different road types. Experiments carried out on an instrumented road vehicle (CRUISE), by manually driving on a variety of road types at different speeds are presented to demonstrate that the fusion of multiple sensory cues can significantly improve the road type classification accuracy.

Wang, S, Wu, Q, He, X & Jia, W 1970, 'More on Weak Feature: Self-correlate Histogram Distances', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Pacific-Rim Symposium on Image and Video Technology, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Gwangju, South Korea, pp. 214-223.
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In object detection research, there is a discussion on weak feature and strong feature, feature descriptors, regardless of being considered as 'weak feature descriptors' or 'strong feature descriptors' does not necessarily imply detector performance unless combined with relevant classification algorithms. Since 2001, main stream object detection research projects have been following the Viola Jone's weak feature (Haar-like feature) and AdaBoost classifier approach. Until 2005, when Dalal and Triggs have created the approach of a strong feature (Histogram of Oriented Gradient) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) framework for human detection. This paper proposes an approach to improve the salience of a weak feature descriptor by using intra-feature correlation. Although the intensity histogram distance feature known as Histogram Distance of Haar Regions (HDHR) itself is considered as a weak feature and can only be used to construct a weak learner to learn an AdaBoost classifier. In our paper, we explore the pairwise correlations between each and every histograms constructed and a strong feature can then be formulated. With the newly constructed strong feature based on histogram distances, a SVM classifier can be trained and later used for classification tasks. Promising experimental results have been obtained. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Wang, W, Wu, Q, Jia, W & He, S 1970, 'Training-Free License Plate Detection Using Vehicle Symmetry and Simple Features', Proceedings: Twenty-sixth International Conference Image and Vision Computing New Zealand, Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ), Image and Vision Computing New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 260-265.
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In this paper, we propose a training free license plate detection method. We use a challenging benchmark dataset for license plate detection. Unlike many existing approaches, the proposed approach is a training free method, which does not require supervised training procedure and yet can achieve a reasonably good performance. Our motivation comes from the fact that, although license plates are largely variant in color, size, aspect ratio, illumination condition and so on, the rear view of vehicles is mostly symmetric with regard to the vehicles central axis. In addition, license plates for most vehicles are usually located on or close to the vertical axis of the vehicle body along which the vehicle is nearly symmetric. Taking advantage of such prior knowledge, the license plate detection problem is made simpler compared to the conventional scanning window approach which not only requires a large number of scanning window locations, but also requires different parameter settings such as scanning window sizes, aspect ratios and so on.

Wang, X, Wang, Z & Xu, X 1970, 'Price Heuristics for Highly Efficient Profit Optimization of Service Composition', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing (SCC), IEEE, pp. 378-385.
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Service composition follows a three-party paradigm, i.e., a broker mediates between service providers and service consumers to properly select and compose a set of distributed services together so that requirements raised by consumers are satisfied by the composite service on demand. As the de facto provider of composite services, the broker charges the consumers; on the other hand, it awards cost to the providers whose services are involved in the composite services. Besides traditional quality-oriented optimization from the consumers' point of view, the profit that a broker could earn from the composition is another objective to be optimized. But just as the quality optimization, service selection for profit optimization suffers from dramatic efficiency decline along with the growth in the number of candidate services. On the premise that the expected quality are guaranteed, this paper presents a "divide and select" approach for high-efficiency profit optimization, with price as heuristics. This approach can be applied to both static and dynamic pricing scenarios of service composition. Experiments demonstrate the feasibility. © 2011 IEEE.

Wang, X, Wang, Z & Xu, X 1970, 'Semi-empirical Service Composition: A Clustering Based Approach', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS), IEEE, pp. 219-226.
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Service composition has the capability of constructing coarse-grained solutions by dynamically aggregating a set of services to satisfy complex requirements, but it suffers from dramatic decrease on the efficiency of determining the best composition solution when large scale candidate services are available. Most current approaches look for the optimal composition solution by real-time computation, and the composition efficiency greatly depends on the adopted algorithms. To eliminate such deficiency, this paper proposes a semi-empirical composition approach which incorporates two stages, i.e., periodical clustering and real-time composition. The former partitions the candidate services and historical requirements into clusters based on similarity measurement, and then the probabilistic correspondences between service clusters and requirement clusters are identified by statistical analysis. The latter deals with a new requirement by firstly finding its most similar requirement cluster and the corresponding service clusters by leveraging Bayesian inference, then a set of concrete services are optimally selected from such reduced solution space and constitute the final composition solution. Instead of relying on solely historical data exploration or on pure real-time computation, our approach distinguishes from traditional methods by combining the two perspectives together. Experiments demonstrate the advantages of this approach. © 2011 IEEE.

Wang, Y & Luo, Z 1970, 'Computational Investigation on Centrifugal Compressor Performance at Various Altitudes', Advanced Materials Research, International Conference on Frontiers of Manufacturing Science and Measuring Technology (ICFMM), Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Chongqing, China, pp. 1123-1128.
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Small gas turbine engines have been considered as a potential and popular mean of propulsion for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). With the advantage of high thrust/power-to-weight-ratio from these engines, small aircraft can have larger payload allowance and higher altitude capability. However, at present, these gas turbine engines are not mature enough to perform critical mission for UAV. To be used for such critical mission, these gas turbine engines need a better reliability, efficiency and endurance. The capability of the engine to work efficiently in conditions at different altitude with the variant of air density is a critical factor related to higher operational ceiling. Hence this work aims to present a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation approach focusing on centrifugal compressors which are applied to turbo machines. A computational method is developed for studying the performance of small gas turbine engines over a range of altitude and ambient temperatures under different engine rates, and a centrifugal compressor simulation model is generated by using CFD techniques. Through numerical solutions obtained for different mesh sets the finest mesh of the model was determined. The performance curves obtained by the CFD simulation has been compared with the results obtained from the analytical method.

Wang, Y & Luo, Z 1970, 'Simulation and performance analysis on centrifugal compressors of different dimensions and variable operation speed', 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet), 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet), IEEE, XianNing, China, pp. 4400-4403.
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Centrifugal compressor is the vital part of many mechanical systems. The present paper deals with the simulation and the analysis of the fluid performance in two subsonic compressor stages under different rotational speed. The configurations used for the study is two subsonic centrifugal compressors with 60mm and 70mm diameter impeller wheels respectively. Numerical simulation is carried out with CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) techniques which solve the Navier-Stokes equations on the fluid performance inside stage. The simulation shows the two stages at 8,000 rpm and 10,000 rpm of the rotor speed, respectively. Particular emphasis is laid on the comparison of operational range and flow characteristics on different stages and operation speed.

Wang, Y & Luo, Z 1970, 'Structural Topology Optimization Using a Nodal Density-based Level Set Method', DYNAMICS FOR SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING, 2011, VOL 3, 14th Asia Pacific Vibration Conference (APVC) on Dynamics for Sustainable Engineering, HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIV, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1144-1151.
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This paper aims to present a nodal density-based level set method for shape and topology optimization of continuum structures. Structural boundary is implicitly embedded into constant level sets of the level set function of higher dimension, to implement shape fidelity and topology changes in time via the propagation of the discrete level set function. A point-wise nodal density field, non-negative and range-bounded, is used to parameterize the level set function with the compactly supported radial basis functions (CSRBFs) at a scattered set of points. The set of densities are used to interpolate practical material properties in finite element approximation via the standard Lagrangian shape function. CSRBFs knots are supposed to be consistent with finite element nodes only for the sake of numerical simplicity. By doing so, the discrete values of the level set function are related to practical material properties via the physically meaningful interpolation. The original more difficult shape and topology optimization is transformed to a relatively easier size optimization of the nodal densities, to which many more efficient optimization algorithms such as optimality criteria and mathematical programming methods can be directly applied. In this way, the dynamic motion of the design boundary is just a question of transporting the discrete level set function by updating the design variables of the size optimization until the optimal criteria of the structure is satisfied. Two widely studied numerical examples are applied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Warkiani, ME, Gong, HQ, Fane, AG & Wicaksana, F 1970, 'Effects of Membrane Pore Morphology on Fouling Behavior of Polymeric Micro-fabricated Membrane During Crossflow Micro-filtration', CLEAN TECHNOLOGY 2011: BIOENERGY, RENEWABLES, STORAGE, GRID, WASTE AND SUSTAINABILITY, CTSI Clean Technology and Sustainable Industries Conference and Expo, Clean Technology 2011, CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP, Boston, MA, pp. 220-223.

Warkiani, ME, Gong, HQ, Fane, AG & Wicaksana, F 1970, 'Effects of membrane pore morphology on fouling behavior of polymeric microfabricated membrane during crossflow micro-filtration', Technical Proceedings of the 2011 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo, NSTI-Nanotech 2011, NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo, CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP, Boston, MA, pp. 569-572.
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The effects of the membrane pore geometry on the fouling mechanism of high-flux polymeric micro-fabricated membranes were studied using latex particles with different sizes and concentrations. The micro-fabricated membranes are made of a thin layer SU-8 photoresist with smooth surface and well defined slotted (or circular) pores using dissolving mold technique. For particles larger than the membrane pore size, the fouling mechanism was pore blockage followed by cake filtration while pore narrowing was the dominant mechanism when the particles were smaller than the membrane pore size. Filtration with slotted membrane offers some interesting advantages over conventional filtration with circular pores. The initial rate of flux decline was slower for the membrane with slotted pores compared to the membrane with circular pores since the initial particle deposition only covered a small fraction of the slits. The flow resistance is also much lower for the slotted membrane compare to the circular membrane.

Wei Xiong, Bo Liu & Lin Gui 1970, 'Neighbor Discovery with Directional Antennas in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks', 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011, 2011 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2011), IEEE.
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Directional antennas offer great performance improvement for mobile ad hoc networks, but this improvement requires new mechanisms at medium access and networking layer. One of the most important protocols is neighbor discovery aiming at setting up links between nodes and their neighbors. This paper proposes a mathematical framework of a scan-based algorithm (SBA) for neighbor discovery, taking into account the case that more than one node exist in one directional beam. The analysis adopts detailed model for the discovery process and derives expression for the average number of slots required to discover all the neighbor nodes. Numerical results indicate the superiority of the proposed model. © 2011 IEEE.

Wei, B, Jin, Z & Zowghi, D 1970, 'An Automatic Reasoning Mechanism for NFR Goal Models', 2011 Fifth International Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering, 2011 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering (TASE), IEEE, Xian, China, pp. 52-59.
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Software requirements, especially non-functional requirements, are considered as vital prerequisites for producing software of high quality. As widely accepted, non-functional goal modeling like the NFR Framework usually employs tree modeling style, and presents an interactive process for the analysis of nonfunctional requirements. However, there still exist some problems during the identification of satisficing status. This paper based on the popular NFR goal model reasoning manners, clearly distinguishes the closed world assumption and the open world assumption, and proposes an automatic reasoning mechanism for NFR goal models in order to identify the satisficing statuses of the goal tree roots according to leavesâ contributions. Under a specific assumption, goalsâ satisficing statuses will be transformed to affect satisficing statuses of their parents. Then parentsâ satisficing statuses will be inferred according to the reasoning rules derived from different decomposition relationships. By alternately adopting these two steps, goal tree rootâs satisficing status can be identified layer by layer. An illustrative example is used to show how our proposed formal approach works.

Wei, B, Yin, B, Jin, Z & Zowghi, D 1970, 'r Sigma: Automated Reasoning Tool for Non-Functional Requirement Goal Models', 2011 19TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (RE), 19th IEEE Int Requirements Engineering Conference (RE)/16th Int Workshop on Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems (FMICS)/5th Int IStar Workshop, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, Trento, ITALY, pp. 337-+.

Wei, B, Yin, B, Jin, Z & Zowghi, D 1970, 'r&#x03A3;: Automated reasoning tool for non-functional requirement goal models', 2011 IEEE 19th International Requirements Engineering Conference, 2011 IEEE 19th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE), IEEE, Trento, Italy, pp. 337-338.
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Reasoning is critical for non-functional requirements (NFRs) analysis and verification. Furthermore, it can provide rationale about implementation strategies for NFRs. The existing tools can execute an interactive reasoning process which sometimes needs extra information from stakeholders. We build a tool called rΣ for reasoning on NFR models especially when extra information is unavailable or forbidden, like at the model verification stage. This tool employs the formula style model as the input, automatically promotes the reasoning process till the root node, and returns all the satisficing statuses and the complete rationale as the output. We have applied rΣ into the real practice and to evaluate its efficiency.

Wei, C-S, Chuang, S-W, Wang, W-R, Ko, L-W, Jung, T-P & Lin, C-T 1970, 'Implementation of a motion sickness evaluation system based on EEG spectrum analysis', 2011 IEEE International Symposium of Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, pp. 1081-1084.
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Motion sickness is a normal response to real, perceived, or even anticipated movement. People tend to get motion sickness on a moving boat, train, airplane, car, or amusement park rides. Motion sickness occurs when the body, the inner ear, and the eyes send conflicting signals to the brain. Sensory conflict theory that came about in the 1970's has become the most widely accepted theorem of motion-sickness among scientists [1]. The theory proposed that the conflict between the incoming sensory inputs could induce motion-sickness. However, some new research studies have appeared to tackle the issue of the vestibular function in central nervous system (CNS). In the previous human subject studies, researchers attempt to confirm the brain areas involved in the conflict in multi-modal sensory systems by means of clinical or anatomical methods. Our past studies had investigated the EEG activities correlated with motion sickness in a virtual-reality based driving simulator. We found that the parietal, motor, occipital brain regions exhibited significant EEG power changes in response to vestibular and visual stimuli. Based on these experimental results, we attempt to implement an EEG-based evaluation system to estimate subject's motion sickness level upon the major EEG power spectra from these motion sickness related brain area in this study. The evaluation system can be applied to early detect the subject's motion sickness level and prevent the uncomfortable syndromes occurred in advance in our daily life. © 2011 IEEE.

Wei, C-S, Ko, L-W, Chuang, S-W, Jung, T-P & Lin, C-T 1970, 'EEG-based evaluation system for motion sickness estimation', 2011 5th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, 5th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER 2011), IEEE, Cancun, Mexico, pp. 100-103.
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Motion sickness is a common symptom which occurs when the brain receives conflicting sensory information. Although many motion sickness-related biomarkers have been identified, estimating humans' motion sickness level (MSL) remains a challenge in operational environments. Traditionally, questionnaire and physical check are the common ways to passively evaluate subject's sickness level. This study proposes a physiology-based estimation system that can automatically assess subject's motion-sickness level in operational environments. Our previous study showed that increases in self-reported MSL in a Virtual-reality based driving experiment on a motion platform were accompanied by elevated alpha (8-12Hz) power most prominently in the occipital midline electroencephalogram (EEG). This study explores the feasibility of an automatic MSL estimation based on spontaneous EEG spectrum. To this end, this study employed three different estimators: 1) Linear regression (LR), 2) Radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), and 3) Support vector regression (SVR). The results of this study showed that SVR outperformed LR and RBFNN in estimating MSL from EEG spectrum. The averaged accuracy of MSL estimation by SVR was 86.926.09% across 6 subjects. This demonstration could lead to a practical system for noninvasive monitoring of the motion sickness in real-world environments. © 2011 IEEE.

Wei, C-S, Ko, L-W, Chuang, S-W, Jung, T-P & Lin, C-T 1970, 'Genetic feature selection in EEG-based motion sickness estimation', The 2011 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2011 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2011 - San Jose), IEEE, San Jose, CA, USA, pp. 365-369.
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Motion sickness is a common symptom that occurs when the brain receives conflicting information about the sensation of movement. Many motion sickness biomarkers have been identified, and electroencephalogram (EEG)-based motion sickness level estimation was found feasible in our previous study. This study employs genetic feature selection to find a subset of EEG features that can further improve estimation performance over the correlation-based method reported in the previous studies. The features selected by genetic feature selection were very different from those obtained by correlation analysis. Results of this study demonstrate that genetic feature selection is a very effective method to optimize the estimation of motion-sickness level. This demonstration could lead to a practical system for noninvasive monitoring of the motion sickness of individuals in real-world environments. © 2011 IEEE.

Wei, DB, Huang, JX, Zhang, AW, Jiang, ZY, Tieu, AK, Shi, X & Jiao, SH 1970, 'The effect of oxide scale of stainless steels on friction and surface roughness in hot rolling', Wear, 18th International Conference on Wear of Materials (WOM), Elsevier BV, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 2417-2425.
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Friction is one of the most significant physical phenomena influencing metal forming. The deformation or fracture of oxide scale significantly affects the roll-strip interface behaviour. Sticking occurs frequently during hot rolling of stainless steels especially ferritic stainless steels, which causes surface defects of both steel products and rolls. It is important to characterize the features of the oxide scale in hot rolling of stainless steel strips, but few studies have been carried out. This paper focuses on the deformation of oxide scale and roll-strip interface characteristics in hot rolling of austenitic stainless steel 304L and ferritic stainless steel 430. Oxidation tests in a short time in humid air with water vapour content of 7.0 vol.% were carried out using Gleeble 3500 thermo-mechanical simulator, and the oxidation characteristics of 304L and 430 steels were obtained. The deformation, surface morphology of oxide scale of the steels, and the friction in hot rolling were studied in hot rolling tests. Thick oxide scale of 304L steel shows high lubricative effect while the breaking of thin oxide scales of 430 steel may make the steel substrate to contact with the roll, which counteracts the lubricative effect of the oxide scale and results in friction coefficient increasing with an increase of reduction. A FEM simulation has been developed to analyse the deformation behaviour of oxide scale and surface roughness transfer during hot rolling of stainless steels and the model describing the rough surface profiles of the scales and steel has been integrated into the simulation. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Wenfei Wang, Lu, DD-C & Chu, GM-L 1970, 'Digital control of bridgeless buck PFC converter in discontinuous-input-voltage-mode', IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 1312-1317.
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A new digital controlled, bridgeless ac/dc buck converter that operates in discontinuous-input-voltage mode (DIVM) is presented. It has inherent power factor correction property and draws continuous input current during conduction period with a constant duty cycle. In addition, the efficiency of the proposed buck PFC rectifier is improved by adopting a bridgeless configuration. The converter also works as a voltage doubler which reduces the size of the output capacitors. Detailed operating analysis, design criteria, and modeling of the buck converter are reported. Experimental results for verifying the theoretical analysis are also presented. © 2011 IEEE.

Wenfeng Cui, Bo Yang, Yi Zhao, Wuhua Li & Xiangning He 1970, 'A novel single-phase transformerless grid-connected inverter', IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE, pp. 1126-1130.
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Wijnen, J & van den Hoven, E 1970, 'Connected sketchbook', Procedings of the Second Conference on Creativity and Innovation in Design, DESIRE '11: Creativity and Innovation in Design, ACM, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, pp. 43-46.
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A lot of designers carry around sketchbooks, also called design journals, to record everyday inspirations. This paper describes a concept in which digital files are connected to specific pages of such a physical sketchbook. This way initial notes, drawings or other types of recordings can be united with their digital equivalents, related files or end results (like digital drawings and presentations). Our informal user evaluation points out that indicating file types is preferred over indicating number of files, since it helps users to recollect the digital files that are related to the work described on the physical pages.

Willey, K & Gardner, A 1970, 'Building a community of practice to improve inter marker standardisation and consistency', SEFI Annual Conference 2011, SEFI - Annual Conference of European Society for Engineering Education, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 666-671.
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Over several years the authors have coordinated engineering subjects, with large cohorts of up to 300+ students. In each case, lectures were supported by tutorials. In the larger subjects it was not uncommon to have in excess of 10 tutors, where each tutor is responsible for grading the assessment tasks for students in their tutorial. A common issue faced by lecturers of large multiple tutor subjects is how to achieve a consistent standard of marking between different tutors. To address this issue the authors initially used a number of methods including double-blind marking and remarking. This process was improved by using the benchmarking tool in SPARKPLUS [1] to compare both the grading and feedback provided by different tutors for a number of randomly selected project tasks. In these studies we found that while students' perception of difference in grading was not unfounded, the problem was exacerbated by inconsistencies in the language tutors use when providing feedback. In this paper, we report using new SPARKPLUS features developed as a result of this previous research to quickly establish and build a community of practice amongst subject tutors. We found that in just one session these processes assisted tutors to reach a higher level of shared understanding of the concepts and practices pertinent to the subject assessment activities. In addition, it enabled tutors to gain an appreciation of the grading issues frequently reported by students. This resulted in not only improving both the understanding and skills of tutors but changing the way they both marked and provided feedback.

Willey, K & Gardner, AP 1970, 'Scratch that itch to learn: a comparative study', Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE2011) - Developing Engineers for Social Justice: Community Involvement, Ethics & Sustainability, AAEE - Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Engineers Australia, Fremantle, WA, pp. 601-606.
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Engineers today are required to make critical judgements involving decisions that often extend beyond traditional discipline boundaries. This requires professional engineers to undertake ongoing learning. Much of this learning is informal, learnt on the job from peers from different disciplines. To enable students to develop the skills required for professional practice they need opportunities to experience, practise, reflect and improve their ability to work in a collaborative environment. One method used at the University of Technology, Sydney to develop these skills is collaborative activities incorporating immediate feedback. Subject topics are tested through quizzes that are initially undertaken individually and then collaboratively using immediate feedback assessment technique (IF-AT) cards. These activities allow students to first identify and subsequently have gaps in their learning addressed initially by their peers within the one activity. This paper reports on a comparative evaluation of the collaborative use of IF-AT quizzes in four subjects taught by the authors. We found that these methods not only consistently improved student engagement, learning and developed skills required for life-long learning, but also promoted changes in their learning culture by having them take more responsibility for their own learning.

Willey, K, Jolly, L, Tibbits, G & Gardner, A 1970, 'Investigating research quality and the review process: Some suggestions for improvement', SEFI Annual Conference 2011, SEFI - Annual Conference of European Society for Engineering Education, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 178-184.
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Arguably, the most important opportunity to acquire the standards and norms of the discipline and develop researchers' judgement is the peer review process - but this depends on the quality of the reviews. 'Good' feedback has been identified as being timely, specific and relevant. Yet often reviews lack these basic qualities. In this paper we report an investigation of the peer review process at a recent engineering education conference. Authors at the conference were given the chance to rate their reviews, we subsequently analysed both the nature of the reviews and authors' responses. We found that reviewers generally do a poor job of applying criteria, leaving some authors feeling that the review process does not offer them enough help in improving their papers. On the other hand, authors showed some of the same tendencies we see in students to take criticism personally and hence reject it. We conclude by discussing some strategies that might be implemented to help both parties.

Wu, C & Yu, L 1970, 'Simulation of cellular materials using micro-scale model', Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Shock and Impact Loads on Structures, International Conference on Shock and Impact Loads on Structures, Fukuoka, Japan, pp. 669-676.
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Cellular material is a typical micro-scale crushable material due to its special pore microstructures. The mechanical properties of a cellular material are usually determined from experimental testing and based on stress-strain curves for normal and shear loading. Since such tests are associated with a large amount of time and cost with regard to specimen preparation and test devices, an alternative way of determining the effective mechanical properties can be investigated using micro-scale modelling that is through virtual material testing. In this paper a finite element program LSDYNA is used to develop a micro-scale model for a cellular material honeycomb. In the micro-scale model of honeycomb, the cell walls are represented by thin shell elements and the solid wall material of the cells is modelled as bi-linear stress-strain relationship based on the material properties of the cellular materials. The developed micro-scale model is validated through comparing the simulated results with the experimental information. The validated micro-scale model is then used to simulate the material responses under the static conditions. With the micro-scale structure model, the impact response such as progressive crushing of the honeycomb and layer by layer cell collapse can be also simulated, and consequently the dynamic material properties of honeycomb can be derived such as the plateau stress enhancement increase in the energy absorption capacity of honeycomb under different loading rates.

Wu, D & Zhang, G 1970, 'Fuzzy Similarity Measure Model for Trees with Duplicated Attributes', Nonlinear Mathematics for Uncertainty and Its Applications, International Conference on Nonlinear Mathematics for Uncertainty and Its Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Beijing, China, pp. 333-340.
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In many business situations, complex user profiles are described by tree structures, and evaluating the similarity between these trees is essential in many applications, such as recommender systems. This paper proposes a fuzzy similarity measure model for trees with duplicated attributes. In this model, the conceptual similarity between attributes and the weights of nodes are expressed by linguistic terms. To deal with duplicated attributes in the trees, nodes with the same concept are clustered. The most conceptual corresponding cluster pairs among two trees are identified. Based on the corresponding cluster pairs, the conceptual similarity and the value similarity between two trees are evaluated, and the final similarity measure is assessed as a weighted sum of their conceptual and value similarities.

Wu, M, Gide, E, Zhang, L & Xing, Q 1970, 'CSFs for Service Industry SMEs Successfully Adopting E-Commerce System: A Study from China', Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 861-868.
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Wu, Z, Xu, G, Pan, R, Zhang, Y, Hu, Z & Lu, J 1970, 'Leveraging Wikipedia concept and category information to enhance contextual advertising', Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management, CIKM '11: International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM, Glasgow, Scotland, UK, pp. 2105-2108.
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Wyeth, P, McEwan, M, Roe, P & MacColl, I 1970, 'Expressive interactions', Proceedings of the 23rd Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OzCHI '11: The Annual Meeting of the Australian Special Interest Group for Computer Human Interaction, ACM, pp. 311-314.
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Wyeth, P, Summerville, J & Adkins, B 1970, 'Stomp', Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology, ACE '11: International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology, ACM, pp. 1-8.
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Xiao, X, Xu, C, Wang, J & Xu, M 1970, 'Landmark recognition and retrieval', Proceedings of the 2011 joint ACM workshop on Human gesture and behavior understanding, MM '11: ACM Multimedia Conference, ACM, Scottsdale, USA, pp. 77-78.
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Existing landmark retrieval methods cannot provide a comprehensive solution, by which user can view different angles of landmark. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to reconstruct and retrieve 3D landmark models by direct 2D to 3D matching. In an offline module, firstly, attention-based 3D reconstruction method is proposed to reconstruct sparse 3D landmark models. Secondly, we construct textured 3D landmark model for each sparse 3D landmark model. Finally, a 3D landmark recognizer is built for each landmark based on the 3D landmark model. In online module, query images are recognized by the 3D landmark recognizers using a 2D to 3D matching approach. For each recognized query image, a 3D landmark model and a 3D landmark texture model are presented as a query result. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

Xiao, Y, Liu, B, Yin, J, Cao, L, Zhang, C & Hao, Z 1970, 'Similarity-based approach for positive and unlabelled learning', IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Press, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, pp. 1577-1582.
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Positive and unlabelled learning (PU learning) has been investigated to deal with the situation where only the positive examples and the unlabelled examples are available. Most of the previous works focus on identifying some negative examples from the unlabelled data, so that the supervised learning methods can be applied to build a classifier. However, for the remaining unlabelled data, which can not be explicitly identified as positive or negative (we call them ambiguous examples), they either exclude them from the training phase or simply enforce them to either class. Consequently, their performance may be constrained. This paper proposes a novel approach, called similarity-based PU learning (SPUL) method, by associating the ambiguous examples with two similarity weights, which indicate the similarity of an ambiguous example towards the positive class and the negative class, respectively. The local similarity-based and global similarity-based mechanisms are proposed to generate the similarity weights. The ambiguous examples and their similarity-weights are thereafter incorporated into an SVM-based learning phase to build a more accurate classifier. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets have shown that SPUL outperforms state-of-the-art PU learning methods.

Xiaojing Huang & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Wideband AoA Estimation and Beamforming with Hybrid Antenna Array', 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011, 2011 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2011), IEEE, Kathmandu, Nepal, pp. 1-6.
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High speed long range millimetre-wave (mm-wave) links can be achieved by using wideband hybrid antenna arrays of sub-arrays. However, conventional wideband angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation and beamforming algorithms are not applicable to the wideband hybrid arrays due to the array architecture difference. In this paper, an adaptive frequency-domain AoA estimation and beamforming algorithm suitable for practical wideband hybrid array of side-by-side sub-arrays is proposed. Mean square error bounds under simplified array configuration and extreme array imperfection condition are also given. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is robust with low complexity and fast convergence. © 2011 IEEE.

Xu, G, Gu, Y, Dolog, P, Zhang, Y & Kitsuregawa, M 1970, 'SemRec: A Semantic Enhancement Framework for Tag Based Recommendation', Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), San Francisco, California, pp. 1267-1272.
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Collaborative tagging services provided by various social web sites become popular means to mark web resources for different purposes such as categorization, expression of a preference and so on. However, the tags are of syntactic nature, in a free style and do not reflect semantics, resulting in the problems of redundancy, ambiguity and less semantics. Current tag-based recommender systems mainly take the explicit structural information among users, resources and tags into consideration, while neglecting the important implicit semantic relationships hidden in tagging data. In this study, we propose a Semantic Enhancement Recommendation strategy (SemRec), based on both structural information and semantic information through a unified fusion model. Extensive experiments conducted on two real datasets demonstarte the effectiveness of our approaches.

Xu, G, Gu, Y, Zhang, Y, Yang, Z & Kitsuregawa, M 1970, 'TOAST: A Topic-Oriented Tag-Based Recommender System', Web Information Systems Engineering - Wise 2011, 12th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (WISE 2011), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 158-171.
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Social Annotation Systems have emerged as a popular application with the advance of Web 2.0 technologies. Tags generated by users using arbitrary words to express their own opinions and perceptions on various resources provide a new intermediate dimensio

Xu, G, Gu, Y, Zhang, Y, Yang, Z & Kitsuregawa, M 1970, 'TOAST: A Topic-Oriented Tag-Based Recommender System', Web Information System Engineering WISE 2011 Lecture Notes in Computer Science, International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, Sydney, Australia, pp. 158-171.
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Social Annotation Systems have emerged as a popular application with the advance of Web 2.0 technologies. Tags generated by users using arbitrary words to express their own opinions and perceptions on various resources provide a new intermediate dimension between users and resources, which deemed to convey the user preference information. Using clustering for topic extraction and incorporating it with the capture of user preference and resource affiliation is becoming an effective practice in tag-based recommender systems. In this paper, we aim to address these challenges via a topic graph approach. We first propose a Topic Oriented Graph (TOG), which models the user preference and resource affiliation on various topics. Based on the graph, we devise a Topic-Oriented Tag-based Recommendation System (TOAST) by using the preference propagation on the graph. We conduct experiments on two real datasets to demonstrate that our approach outperforms other state-of-the-art algorithms.

Xu, G, Lee, W, Chen, L & Chen, L 1970, 'Message from CSN 2011 Workshop Co-chairs', 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, 2011 IEEE 9th International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing (DASC), IEEE, pp. li-li.
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Xu, G, Zong, Y, Pan, R, Dolog, P & Jin, P 1970, 'On Kernel Information Propagation for Tag Clustering in Social Annotation Systems', Knowlege-Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems Lecture Notes in Computer Science, International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Kaiserslautern, Germany, pp. 505-514.
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In social annotation systems, users label digital resources by using tags which are freely chosen textual descriptors. Tags are used to index, annotate and retrieve resource as an additional metadata of re- source. Poor retrieval performance remains a major challenge of most social annotation systems resulting from the severe problems of ambigu- ity, redundancy and less semantic nature of tags. Clustering method is a useful approach to handle these problems in the social annotation sys- tems. In this paper, we propose a novel clustering algorithm named kernel information propagation for tag clustering. This approach makes use of the kernel density estimation of the KNN neighbor directed graph as a start to reveal the prestige rank of tags in tagging data. The random walk with restart algorithm is then employed to determine the center points of tag clusters. The main strength of the proposed approach is the capability of partitioning tags from the perspective of tag prestige rank rather than the intuitive similarity calculation itself. Experimental studies on three real world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.

Xu, J, Wang, Y, Chen, F & Choi, E 1970, 'Pupillary Response Based Cognitive Workload Measurement under Luminance Changes', HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION - INTERACT 2011, PT II, 13th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Lisbon, PORTUGAL, pp. 178-185.
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Xu, J, Wang, Y, Chen, F, Choi, H, Li, G, Chen, S & Hussain, S 1970, 'Pupillary response based cognitive workload index under luminance and emotional changes', CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '11: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, pp. 1627-1632.
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Pupillary response has been widely accepted as a physiological index of cognitive workload. It can be reliably measured with video-based eye trackers in a non-intrusive way. However, in practice commonly used measures such as pupil size or dilation might fail to evaluate cognitive workload due to various factors unrelated to workload, including luminance condition and emotional arousal. In this work, we investigate machine learning based feature extraction techniques that can both robustly index cognitive workload and adaptively handle changes of pupillary response caused by confounding factors unrelated to workload.

Xu, J, Wang, Y, Wang, W, Yang, J & Li, Z 1970, 'Unsupervised Moving Object Detection with On-line Generalized Hough Transform', COMPUTER VISION - ACCV 2010, PT III, 10th Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Queenstown, NEW ZEALAND, pp. 145-156.
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Xu, J, Ye, G, Wang, Y, Wang, W & Yang, J 1970, 'Online Learning for PLSA-Based Visual Recognition', COMPUTER VISION - ACCV 2010, PT II, 10th Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Queenstown, NEW ZEALAND, pp. 95-108.
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Xu, KC, Guo, YJ, Huang, X & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'DoA based positioning employing uniform circular arrays', 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications & Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 328-332.
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In this paper, a methodology of employing a set of uniform circular arrays to localize the 3D position of a target in sensor networks is presented and the theoretical framework is given. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the method and illustrate the effect of the element pattern on the accuracy of direction of arrival (DoA) estimation and positioning. A weighted least squares method (WLSM) is proposed as a means to increase the robustness of the method. © 2011 IEEE.

Xu, M, Wang, J, Hasan, MA, He, X, Xu, C, Lu, H & Jin, JS 1970, 'Using context saliency for movie shot classification', 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2011), IEEE, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 3653-3656.
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Movie shot classification is vital but challenging task due to various movie genres, different movie shooting techniques and much more shot types than other video domain. Variety of shot types are used in movies in order to attract audiences attention and enhance their watching experience. In this paper, we introduce context saliency to measure visual attention distributed in keyframes for movie shot classification. Different from traditional saliency maps, context saliency map is generated by removing redundancy from contrast saliency and incorporating geometry constrains. Context saliency is later combined with color and texture features to generate feature vectors. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to classify keyframes into pre-defined shot classes. Different from the existing works of either performing in a certain movie genre or classifying movie shot into limited directing semantic classes, the proposed method has three unique features: 1) context saliency significantly improves movie shot classification; 2) our method works for all movie genres; 3) our method deals with the most common types of video shots in movies. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is effective and efficient for movie shot classification. © 2011 IEEE.

Xu, Y & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Differential-input piezoresistively-sensed square-extensional mode resonator for parasitic feedthrough cancellation', 2011 16th International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, TRANSDUCERS 2011 - 2011 16th International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, IEEE, pp. 2474-2477.
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Xuan, J, Luo, X, Zhang, S, Xu, Z, Liu, H & Ye, F 1970, 'Building Hierarchical Keyword Level Association Link Networks for Web Events Semantic Analysis.', DASC, International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, IEEE Computer Society, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 987-994.
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With the increase of information scale of web events on the time, it is extremely difficult and challenging to grasp the semantics of web events artificially, because of the limitation of the time and energy of human beings. Herein, we propose a method to map the web event to keyword level association link network (KALN) for deep analysis of the semantics of web events, such as the evolution semantics of web events. Firstly, the original KALN is constructed at a given time by traditional data mining technologies. Then, the hierarchical KALN, consisted of Theme Layer Network, Backbone Layer Network and Tidbit Layer Network, is built based on the original KALN by information entropy to identify the different semantic levels of the web event, including stable semantics, sub-stable semantics and unstable semantics. With the semantic analysis of hierarchical KALN, human could easily gain a thorough understanding of the web event. Finally, experiments show that our method can effectively capture the different level semantics of web events.

Xue, X & Huang, X 1970, 'Block transform OFDM: A robust power and bandwidth efficient system with improved frequency diversity performance', 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications & Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 205-210.
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Block transform orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (BT-OFDM) - a system sitting in-between two extreme data transmission schemes, i.e., the conventional OFDM system and the single-carrier system, with a balanced system performance is proposed in this paper. Through data symbol grouping and block transformation, the BT-OFDM uses reduced size inverse fast Fourier transform to take the advantages of the single-carrier system to overcome the disadvantages of the conventional OFDM system. Frequency domain representation of the BT-OFDM signal reveals that the block transformation implicitly realizes a precoding or block spreading of the transmitted data symbols. When suitable IFFT size is selected, the BT-OFDM also offers the lowest overall system complexity. © 2011 IEEE.

Yaish, H, Goyal, M & Feuerlicht, G 1970, 'An Elastic Multi-tenant Database Schema for Software as a Service', 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, 2011 IEEE 9th International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing (DASC), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 737-743.
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Software as a Service (SaaS) is an online software delivery model which permits a third party provider offering software services to be used on-demand by tenants over the internet, instead of installing and maintaining them in their premises. Nowadays, more and more companies are offering their web-base business application by adopting this model. Multi-tenancy is the primary characteristic of SaaS, it allows SaaS vendors to run a single instance application which supports multiple tenants on the same hardware and software infrastructure. This application should be highly customizable to meet tenantsâ expectations and business requirements. In this paper, we propose a novel customizable database design for multi-tenant applications. Our design introduces an Elastic Extension Tables (EET) which consists of Common Tenant Tables (CTT) and Virtual Extension Tables (VET). This design enables tenants to create their own elastic database schema during multi-tenant application run-time execution to satisfy their business needs.

Yang Du, Lu, DD-C, Cornforth, D & James, G 1970, 'A study on the harmonic issues at CSIRO Microgrid', 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS 2011), IEEE, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 203-207.
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With increasing number of photovoltaic (PV) systems connected to the electricity network in Australia, power quality becomes a major concern. There is an increasing interest in Microgrids due to their potential to provide a solution to integrate renewable energy into the wider grid. This paper presents a study on the harmonic issues in a Microgrid. Different experimental scenarios have been carried out to characterize the voltage and current distortions under different operation conditions. Matlab/Simulink simulation and field experimental results have been provided. The results showed that the harmonic current emission can be affected by the output power level of PV inverter. In addition, the current and voltage waveforms distortion at the Point of Common Coupling to the grid is significantly increased when the net power follow through the bus is close to zero. © 2011 IEEE.

Yang, C, Sheng, DC & Carter, JP 1970, 'Numerical modelling of hydraulic hysteresis in unsaturated soil covers', Computer Methods for Geomechanics Frontiers and New Applications, pp. 741-746.
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This paper aims to study the effect of hydraulic hysteresis on seepage in unsaturated soils. A hysteretic water retention model is incorporated into the Richards equation to describe water fl ow in unsaturated soils. A linear scanning curve is used to describe the hydraulic behaviour within the main hysteretic loop of the water retention curves. The proposed approach is implemented into a fi nite difference code, and is then used to analyse seepage in soil covers on wastes. An infi ltration test on a two-layered soil column is simulated with the proposed hysteretic model. Results show that hydraulic hysteresis plays a crucial role in the seepage analysis of unsaturated soils subjected to cyclic drying and wetting. The hysteretic model is suggested for use in the design and evaluation of the hydraulic performance of soil covers.

Yang, J, Wang, Y, Sowmya, A, Li, Z, Zhang, B & Xu, J 1970, 'Feature fusion for vehicle detection and tracking with low-angle cameras', 2011 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 2011 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), IEEE, pp. 382-388.
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In this paper, we address the problem of vehicle detection and tracking with low-angle cameras by combining windshield detection and feature points clustering, effectively fusing several primitive image features such as color, edge and interest point. By exploring various heterogenous features and multiple vehicle models, we achieve at least two improvements over the existing methods: higher detection accuracy and the ability to distinguish different vehicle types. Our experiments on real-world traffic video sequences demonstrate the benefits of feature fusion and the improved performance. © 2010 IEEE.

Yang, J, Wang, Y, Sowmya, A, Xu, J, Li, Z & Zhang, B 1970, 'Spatial-Temporal Affinity Propagation for Feature Clustering with Application to Traffic Video Analysis', COMPUTER VISION - ACCV 2010, PT II, 10th Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Queenstown, NEW ZEALAND, pp. 606-618.
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Yang, L, Deuse, J & Droste, M 1970, 'Energy efficiency at energy intensive factory - A facility planning approach', 2011 IEEE 18th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, IE and EM 2011, pp. 699-703.
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Due to energy shortage and energy price increase, energy efficiency is a significant challenge for most factories. In order to get more benefit and become more competitive in the market, energy efficiency should be considered in early planning phase as an essential factor. However, the energy efficiency was often ignored in planning phase in the past decades. For these purposes, a new approach, which can effectively support the analysis and design of facility planning, is presented in this paper. This approach introduces energy efficiency as a key criterion into the planning process. At the same time, material transport costs and manpower costs are also taken into account with the purpose of performing good facility planning from both energy and economic aspects. A practical case study is carried out to validate the correctness and effectiveness of the presented approach. © 2011 IEEE.

Yang, L, Thomas, P & Stuart, BH 1970, 'DSC characterisation of thermally treated low density polyethylenes in a forensic context', Proceedings of the 3rd Joint Czech-Hungarian-Polish-Slovak Thermoanalytical Conference, Slovak Chemical Society, Stara Lesna, pp. 1-5.

Yang, S, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 1970, 'CONTRIBUTIONS OF LEAN MASS AND FAT MASS TO BONE LOSS: THE DUBBO OSTEOPOROSIS EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY', OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL, IOF Regionals 2nd Asia-Pacific Osteoporosis and Bone Meeting / ANZBMS Annual Scientific Meeting held with the JSBMR, SPRINGER LONDON LTD, Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA, pp. S661-S662.

Yang, S, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 1970, 'FAT MASS AND FRACTURE RISK IN ELDERLY MEN AND WOMEN: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY', OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL, IOF Regionals 2nd Asia-Pacific Osteoporosis and Bone Meeting / ANZBMS Annual Scientific Meeting held with the JSBMR, SPRINGER LONDON LTD, Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA, pp. S549-S550.

Yang, Y & Nanda, P 1970, 'Building Content Distribution Network: A Solution to Achieve QoS on Internet', 2011 International Conference on Internet Technology and Applications, 2011 International Conference on Internet Technology and Applications (iTAP 2011), IEEE, Wuhan, China, pp. 1-3.
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Content Distribution Network (CDN) involves several technologies, rather than just one technology working alone. CDN is another method to provide Quality of Service (QoS) to different applications and deliver different types of media content to end-users over the Internet. Since it is important to improve Internet performance in recent years, CDN has been an approach providing better Internet services. There are a number of technologies and components included in the CDN, and also several challenges needed to be considered for its performance. This paper presents basic components of CDN and summarizes the challenges and issues analyzing the development of CDNs towards QoS. © 2011 IEEE.

Yang, Y, Karmakar, N & Zhu, X 1970, 'A portable wireless monitoring system for sleep apnoea diagnosis based on active RFID technology', Asia Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings APMC, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, USA, pp. 187-190.
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A novel portable wireless monitoring system for sleep apnoea diagnosis is presented in this paper. The presented system is composed of two main parts. The first is an on-body sensor system; the second is a reader and base station. In order to minimize the physical size of the on-body sensors and to avoid interference with 2.4 GHz wireless applications, the system is designed to operate in the 5.8 GHz ISM band. Each on-body sensor system consists of a physiological signal detection circuit, an analogue-to-digital convertor (ADC), a microcontroller (MCU), a transceiver, a channel selection bandpass filter (BPF) and a narrow band antenna. The reader uses 6 narrow band antennas, 6 channel selection BPFs, a transceiver and a MCU. Instead of dealing with channel selection at baseband, multiple passive BPFs at the RF front-end are adopted to select the desired signals, in order to minimize the power consumption and cost of the overall system. Moreover, a 5.8 GHz circular patch antenna is simulated and measured. Both the simulated return loss of 21 dB and the measured one of 26 dB have a 10 dB bandwidth of 140 MHz which satisfies the requirements for the reader system. The measured antenna gain from 5.725 GHz to 5.875 GHz is more than 7.5 dBi. Furthermore, the 3 dB beam-width is about 60° and the front to back ratio is 14 dB. © 2011 Engineers Australia.

Yang, Y, Roy, SM, Zhu, X & Karmakar, NC 1970, 'A novel high selectivity bandpass filter for wireless monitoring of sleep apnoea patients', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1590-1593.
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In this paper, a novel high selectivity compact dual planar microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) with compact ring resonator and two uniquely designed defected ground structures (DGSs) is proposed. By employing the inter-digital and spiral DGSs, the filter selectivity can be significantly enhanced with a wide suppression of higher order harmonics. The filter has a selectivity of 220 dB/GHz, passband insertion loss (IL) of 1.55 dB and bandwidth of 61 MHz at 2.53 GHz. Moreover, the proposed compact ring resonator saves 70.5% area compared to a conventional ring resonator. The significance of this BPF to be applied in wireless telemetry monitoring systems has been introduced in this paper. © 2011 Engineers Australia.

Yang, Y, Zhu, X & Karmakar, NC 1970, 'Design of a novel microstrip lowpass filter for UWB chipless RFID readers', Asia Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings APMC, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 98-101.
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UWB chipless RFID receivers require compact and low cost integration solutions aiming at improving the signal integrity. A wide stopband, high selectivity and compact microstrip lowpass filter (LPF) is therefore needed. A combination of compact microstrip resonant cells (CMRCs) and uniquely shaped defect ground structures (DGS) are used in present LPF design to optimize the filter performances. The stopband with an attenuation level lower than 20 dB is obtained from 3.1 GHz up to 20 GHz. Both simulated and measured results are presented, showing a good agreement between simulation and measurement. © 2011 Engineers Australia.

Yasser Ghobadi, Saeid.Pirasteh 1970, 'Wetland change detection using multi-temporal Landsat imagery: Hor-Al- Azim wetland, Iran', 39th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, COSPAR Scientific Assembly.

Yazdani, D, Nabizadeh, H, Mohamadzadeh Kosari, E & Nadjaran Toosi, A 1970, 'Color Quantization Using Modified Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 382-391.
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Color quantization (CQ) is one of the most important techniques in image compression and processing. Most of quantization methods are based on clustering algorithms. Data clustering is an unsupervised classification technique and belongs to NP-hard problems. One of the methods for solving NP-hard problems is applying swarm intelligence algorithms. Artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) fits in the swarm intelligence algorithms. In this paper, a modified AFSA is proposed for performing CQ. In the proposed algorithm, to improve the AFSA's efficiency and remove its weaknesses, some modifications are done on behaviors, parameters and the algorithm procedure. The proposed algorithm along with other multiple known algorithms has been used on four well known images for doing CQ. Experimental results comparison shows that the proposed algorithm has acceptable efficiency. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Ye, D, Zhang, M & Bai, Q 1970, 'A Composite Self-organisation Mechanism in an Agent Network', WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING - WISE 2011, 12th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (WISE 2011), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 249-256.
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Ying Zhang, Chan, GSH, Tracy, MB, Lee, QY, Hinder, M, Savkin, AV & Lovell, NH 1970, 'Cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy analysis in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage', 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, MA, Boston, pp. 1937-1940.
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Yiwei Yu, Dutkiewicz, E, Xiaojing Huang & Mueck, M 1970, 'Inter-Cell Interference Coordination for Type I Relay Networks in LTE Systems', 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference - GLOBECOM 2011, 2011 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2011), IEEE, Kathmandu, Nepal, pp. 1-6.
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The decode-and-forward relay technique has been introduced in next generation wireless networks (such as LTE) to extend coverage and improve performance, although it may generate additional inter-cell interference. Soft frequency reuse (SFR) has been proposed as the most promising frequency planning strategy to mitigate inter-cell interference in LTE systems. In this paper we propose an effective combination of relay networks and SFR, with a dedicated relay topology and the SFR-based resource allocation scheme. In the proposed relay network, each relay station (RS) can jointly serve cell-edge users from adjacent cells to increase efficiency. The proposed resource allocation scheme, on the other hand, is able to achieve throughput improvement for both cell-edge users and cell-center users by minimizing the interference impact in the system. The benefit of relay networks with SFR-based resource allocation in terms of 30% overall performance improvement over conventional non-relay networks can be realized as demonstrated by the simulation results. © 2011 IEEE.

Yong Cai, Guo, YJ & Peiyuan Qin 1970, 'Frequency switchable quasi-Yagi dipole array for base station antennas', 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI), 2011 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, Spokane, WA, USA, pp. 738-741.
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A frequency agile quasi-Yagi dipole sub-array is proposed as an array element for base station antennas. The sub-array consists of four printed Yagi dipole antennas loaded with PIN diodes. The lengths of the director and driven dipole elements can be changed by controlling the PIN diodes states so that the sub-array can operate in either 2.5 or 3.5GHz band. Simulation results show that by using a broadband microstrip-to-coplanar stripline (CPS) feeding structure, the sub-array is well matched with impedance bandwidth (|S11| ≤ 10dB) of 6.5% and 10.5% in the lower and higher bands, respectively. The end-fire fan-beam pattern is obtained across the dual bands, which makes the antenna element suitable for base station applications that require frequency reconfigurability. Predicted gains are 9.4 and 12dBi at 2.5 and 3.5GHz, respectively.

Yoo, CB, Hawryszkiewycz, I & Kang, KS 1970, 'Multi perspective framework to improve the knowledge flow', Proceedings of the European Conference on Knowledge Management, ECKM, European Conference on Knowledge Management, Academic Publishing Limited, Passau, Germany, pp. 988-996.
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This paper addresses issues of knowledge management processes and procedures including social complexity in Australian government organizations. We investigatedthese issues for building a multiple perspective framework in designing a complex business structure. Particularly, we focused on a social complexity, which possesses the role of the functional units and multiple stakeholders. To understand the complex issues and significant changes in the past years, social complexity holds a specific fragmenting strength which can lead to difficulty in effective communication (Conklin, 2005). Hence, social complexity needs tools that are standardized to complex organizations. This notion of social complexity correlates to a project group involved within a social network. The growing complexity of Information Systemsresults in a situation where system design is not easily catered to identify new characteristics of system and managing the dimensions of organizational performance by existing methodologies. The purpose of this study is to build a framework of defining systems for the knowledge flow to ensure local intelligent time of the decision making process is effective and helps to manage information system evolution. This paper suggests that to cater for these characteristics and characterize the communication paths, new open methods that look at other perspectives in the additional process flow are required. These additional perspectives include social structure, business architecture, and knowledge hub to identify the communities of practice and development of a model to support complex organizations. In summary, this paper outlines a design method that uses a multi perspective framework as a tool for modeling and will help to tackle the complex problem.

Yu, D, Nanda, P & Braun, R 1970, 'Credibility Problems and Tradeoff between Realistic and Abstraction in WANET and WSN Simulation', 2011 7th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, 2011 7th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), IEEE, Wuhan, China, pp. 1-4.
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Wireless network Simulation is challenging due to the effect of the dynamic and fading channel. The task is even more challenging in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), adding the factor of energy source limitation. Validating simulation results with real implementation are still an unresolved question in wireless research in general and in particular WSN. There are few standard procedures to follow which guarantee accuracy and credibility in terms of answering the question in hands. On one hand, simulation results are aimed towards as realistic as possible conforming to real world implementation. On the other hand, abstraction can eliminate the fragmentation of hardware prototypes, operating system models and different simulation tools. In our research we try to tackle credibility problem in WSN with tradeoffs between realistic and abstraction, and setup the principles and guideline for practical simulations in WSN. © 2011 IEEE.

Yu, JX, Lei Chen, Sakr, S & Lei Zou 1970, 'Preface', 2011 IEEE 27th International Conference on Data Engineering Workshops, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering Workshops (ICDEW), IEEE, pp. 87-87.
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Recently, there has been a lot of interest in the application of graphs in different domains. They have been widely used for data modeling of different application domains such as chemical compounds, multimedia databases, protein networks, social networks and semantic web. With the continued emergence and increase of massive and complex structural graph data, a graph database that efficiently supports elementary data management mechanisms is crucially required to effectively understand and utilize any collection of graphs. This workshop focuses on issues related to graph databases. GDM 2011 will be held in conjunction with the IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE 2011) in Hannover, Germany. GDM 2011 aims at bringing together researchers in different fields related to graph databases who have common interests in interdisciplinary research. The workshop provides a forum where researchers and practitioners can share and exchange their knowledge and experience. © 2011 IEEE.

Yu, K, Epps, J & Chen, F 1970, 'Cognitive load evaluation of handwriting using stroke-level features', Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces, IUI '11: 16th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, ACM, pp. 423-426.
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This paper examines several writing features for the evaluation of cognitive load. Our analysis is focused on writing features within and between written strokes, including writing pressure, writing velocity, stroke length and inter-stroke movements. Based on a study of 20 subjects performing a sentence composition task, the reported findings reveal that writing pressure and writing velocity information are very good indicators of cognitive load. A stroke selection threshold was investigated for constraining the feature extraction to long strokes, which resulted in a small further improvement. Differing from most previous research investigating cognitive load during writing based on task performance criteria, this work proposes a new approach to cognitive load measurement using writing dynamics, with the potential to allow new or improve existing handwriting interfaces. © 2011 ACM.

Yu, PS, Fan, W, Nejdl, W, Chen, L, Sun, A, Simovici, D, Baralis, E, Nguifo, EM, Xu, G, Yin, J, Ceci, M, Cortez, P, Christen, P, Berka, P, Alves, R, Xu, S, Elomaa, T, Kosters, W, Graco, W, Wang, W, Balke, WT & Zhao, Y 1970, 'Preface to the Workshop on Domain Driven Data Mining', 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Data Mining Workshops, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), IEEE, pp. xxxiii-xxxiv.
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Yu, S, Guofeng Zhao, Song Guo, Yang Xiang & Vasilakos, AV 1970, 'Browsing behavior mimicking attacks on popular web sites for large botnets', 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), IEEE INFOCOM 2011 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops, IEEE, pp. 947-951.
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With the significant growth of botnets, application layer DDoS attacks are much easier to launch using large botnet, and false negative is always a problem for intrusion detection systems in real practice. In this paper, we propose a novel application layer DDoS attack tool, which mimics human browsing behavior following three statistical distributions, the Zipf-like distribution for web page popularity, the Pareto distribution for page request time interval for an individual browser, and the inverse Gaussian distribution for length of browsing path. A Markov model is established for individual bot to generate attack request traffic. Our experiments indicated that the attack traffic that generated by the proposed tool is pretty similar to the real traffic. As a result, the current statistics based detection algorithms will result high false negative rate in general. In order to counter this kind of attacks, we discussed a few preliminary solutions at the end of this paper. © 2011 IEEE.

Yu, Y, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Mueck, M 1970, 'Interference coordination and performance enhancement for shared relay networks in LTE-Advanced systems', 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications & Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 384-389.
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In this paper, we proposed a comprehensive resource allocation scheme to achieve inter-cell interference coordination and performance enhancement for the shared relay network in LTE-Advanced systems. In the scheme, the allocation process is implemented by two steps. The global frequency planning strategies are first employed to realize the interference coordination in the multi-cell environment. Then dedicated local scheduling algorithms are applied to provide further performance enhancement for cell-edge users. As shown in the simulation results, our proposed scheme can achieve the significant performance improvement for cell-edge users while maintaining the high performance for cell-center users, and thus obtain the better performance balance in the system. © 2011 IEEE.

Yu, Y, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Mueck, M 1970, 'Load Distribution Aware Soft Frequency Reuse for Inter-Cell Interference Mitigation and Throughput Maximization in LTE Networks', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 1-6.
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This paper proposes a novel load distribution aware soft frequency reuse (LDA-SFR) scheme for inter-cell interference mitigation and performance optimization in next generation wireless networks. Our proposed scheme aims to provide a solution to effectively achieve inter-cell interference mitigation while maintaining high spectrum efficiency to all users in the cell. The proposed scheme consists of two novel algorithms: edge bandwidth reuse and centre bandwidth compensation. Using the edge bandwidth reuse algorithm, cell-edge users can take advantage of uneven traffic load and user distributions within each cell to expand their resource allocations. The center bandwidth compensation algorithm, on the other hand, provides a protection mechanism for cell-center users to avoid exhaustive edge bandwidth extension. Applying LDA-SFR to an LTE network and comparing its performance against that of existing soft frequency reuse (SFR) and adaptive soft frequency reuse (ASFR) schemes indicates that LDA-SFR is superior as it achieves fairness between cell-edge users and cell-center users in terms of average throughput improvement. © 2011 IEEE.

Yuan-Pin Lin, Jyh-Horng Chen, Jeng-Ren Duann, Chin-Teng Lin & Tzyy-Ping Jung 1970, 'Generalizations of the subject-independent feature set for music-induced emotion recognition', 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 6092-6095.
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Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based emotion recognition has been an intensely growing field. Yet, how to achieve acceptable accuracy on a practical system with as fewer electrodes as possible is less concerned. This study evaluates a set of subject-independent features, based on differential power asymmetry of symmetric electrode pairs [1], with emphasis on its applicability to subject variability in music-induced emotion classification problem. Results of this study have evidently validated the feasibility of using subject-independent EEG features to classify four emotional states with acceptable accuracy in second-scale temporal resolution. These features could be generalized across subjects to detect emotion induced by music excerpts not limited to the music database that was used to derive the emotion-specific features. © 2011 IEEE.

Yue Dong Zhan, You Guang Guo & Jian Guo Zhu 1970, 'Intelligent coordination steering control of automated guided vehicle', 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 204-207.
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In this paper, based on the neural network, fuzzy control and bang-bang control, an intelligent coordination control strategy for automated guided vehicle (AGV) steering system is presented. The dynamic steering model of distance error and orientation angle error for AGV is expressed. With least square method of system identification, the model of AGV is identified. Because a toy type of AGV is employed, its structure is simple, but AGV model parameters are variable according to the operating conditions and environment. In order to improve the dynamic performances of AGV, the intelligent coordinated control strategy is used to design the AGV controller in the AGV steering control system. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

Yue Dong Zhan, You Guang Guo & Jian Guo Zhu 1970, 'Terminal sliding mode speed controller based on vector control for brushless doubly fed machine', 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 200-203.
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In this paper, based on the principle of rotor field oriented vector control (VC), a terminal sliding mode controller (TSMC) for brushless doubly fed machine (BDFM) adjustable speed system is presented. Because of using the fast terminal sliding mode control, the proposed controller for BDFM eliminates the average chattering encountered by most TSMC schemes, and employs the robustness and excellent dynamic performances of TSMC. Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy is of the feasibility, correctness and effectiveness.

Yu-Hsiang Chou, Chun-Chao Chuang, Zao, JK, Li-Wei Ko & Chin-Teng Lin 1970, 'An fMRI study of abrupt-awake episodes during behavioral microsleeps', 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, MA, USA, pp. 5060-5063.
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This paper reports the brain activation patterns of five subjects who were abruptly awakened from microsleeps in a simulated automotive driving experiment. By comparing the BOLD signals between behavioral microsleep (BM), abrupt awakening (AA) and post-abrupt awakening (post-AA) stages, we observed that visual area, frontal cortex, limbic lobe manifested more intense activation during the AA stage while frontal cortex, temporal cortex, primary motor area and insula were more activated during the post-AA stage. These results suggested that the subjects were likely in mental states differ from those associated with decision making processes as they went through and emerged from the abrupt awakening episodes.

Yuwono, M, Handojoseno, AMA & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Optimization of head movement recognition using Augmented Radial Basis Function Neural Network', 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 2776-2779.
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For people with severe spine injury, head movement recognition control has been proven to be one of the most convenient and intuitive ways to control a power wheelchair. While substantial research has been done in this area, the challenge to improve system reliability and accuracy remains due to the diversity in movement tendencies and the presence of movement artifacts. We propose a Neural- Network Configuration which we call Augmented Radial Basis Function Neural-Network (ARBF-NN). This network is constructed as a Radial Basis Function Neural-Network (RBF-NN) with a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) augmentation layer to negate optimization limitation posed by linear classifiers in conventional RBF-NN. The RBF centroid is optimized through Regrouping Particle Swarm Optimization (RegPSO) seeded with K-Means. The trial results of ARBFNN on Head-movement show a significant improvement on recognition accuracy up to 98.1% in sensitivity.

Yuwono, M, Su, SW & Moulton, B 1970, 'Fall detection using a Gaussian distribution of clustered knowledge, augmented radial basis neural-network, and multilayer perceptron', 7th International Conference on Broadband Communications and Biomedical Applications, 2011 6th International Conference on Broadband and Biomedical Communications (IB2Com), IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 145-150.
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The rapidly increasing population of elderly people has posed a big challenge to research in fall prevention and detection. Substantial amounts of injuries, disabilities, traumas and deaths among elderly people due to falls have been reported worldwide. There is therefore a need for a reliable, simple, and affordable automatic fall detection system. This paper proposes a reliable fall detection algorithm using minimal information from a single waist worn wireless tri-axial accelerometer. The method proposed is to approach fall detection using digital signal processing and neural networks. This method includes the application of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Regrouping Particle Swarm Optimization (RegPSO), a proposed method called Gaussian Distribution of Clustered Knowledge (GCK), and an Ensemble of Classifiers using two different classifiers: Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP) and Augmented Radial Basis Neural Networks (ARBF). The proposed method has been tested on 8 healthy individuals in a home environment and yields promising result of up to 100% sensitivity on ingroup, 97.65% sensitivity on outgroup, and 99.56% specificity on Activities of Daily Living (ADL) data.

Zarjam, P, Epps, J & Chen, F 1970, 'Characterizing working memory load using EEG delta activity', European Signal Processing Conference, 19th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), EUROPEAN ASSOC SIGNAL SPEECH & IMAGE PROCESSING-EURASIP, Barcelona, SPAIN, pp. 1554-1558.
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In this paper, we extract a range of features including time-based, spectral-based, and phase-based to characterize working memory load in EEG recordings from a reading task in which different levels of working memory load were induced. It is demonstrated that a subset of time-based and spectral-based features - the mean, cross-correlation, and energy of the EEG signals - recorded from a few frontal channels in the delta frequency band, and also the statistics of selected wavelet coefficients are representative of working memory load and change most consistently in accordance with the induced load. We show classification accuracy of up to 100% for three working memory load levels across all five subjects. This is achieved using a multi-class support vector machine (SVM) trained on the above features from four frontal EEG channels. We present results suggesting that delta frequency sub-band carries most of the information associated with working memory load. Having used the above features, we also demonstrate that shorter window lengths and a smaller number of EEG channels can be successfully applied for similar contexts. © 2011 EURASIP.

Zarjam, P, Epps, J & Fang Chen 1970, 'Spectral EEG featuresfor evaluating cognitive load', 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Boston, MA, pp. 3841-3844.
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Zawawi, RA, Akpolat, H & Bagia, R 1970, 'Managing Knowledge in Aircraft Engineering', The 3rd International Conference on Logistics and Transport & 4th International Conference on Operations and Supply Chain Management, 3rd ICLT 2011 & 4th OSCM 2011 'Creating the Future Logistics and Supply Chain in the Asia-Pacific Region', UP Organizer and Publication Co., Ltd., Male, Maldives, pp. 1027-1034.

Zawawi, RA, Akpolat, H & Bagia, R 1970, 'Operations-Based Knowledge Management', 2nd International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (IEOM 2011), International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, IEOM Research Solutions Pty Ltd, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 164-169.
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This paper is about knowledge management (KM) in Aircraft Engineering (AE). This industry is highly technology dependant; thus, enhanced KM in AE is a key success factor. This paper analyses KM literature, and offers insights into the existing KM practices in AE using a case study in the Saudi Arabian Aviation industry (SAAI). The KM practices were ascertained by interviewing senior aircraft engineers as well as through observations during one of the author's 6-year employment as aircraft engineer in the SAAI. Synthesis of these results with the KM literature identified gaps between the KM theory and current practices in AE. Finally, an operations-based knowledge management (OBKM) system framework was developed to address these gaps and overcome ineffectiveness in current practices.

Zeb, BA, Ge, Y, Esselle, KP & Tobar, ME 1970, 'A simple EBG resonator antenna for dual-polarized, dual-band wireless links', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC), IEEE, Engineers Australia, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 433-436.
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This paper presents a very simple, dual-polarized, dual-band, high-directivity electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) resonator antenna. Its EBG superstrate consists of two TMM10 all-dielectric (unprinted) slabs with similar thickness and permittivity. This EBG structure supports two orthogonal linear polarizations when used as the antenna superstrate, and enhances the directivity of a microstrip patch antenna in two discrete frequency bands. Computed radiation patterns confirm the concept of this simple dual-polarized antenna that also has a high directivity and good isolation between dual ports. © 2011 Engineers Australia.

Zeb, BA, Yuehe Ge & Esselle, KP 1970, 'A new technique to design 1-D dual-band EBG resonator antennas', 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI), 2011 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, Spokane, WA, pp. 1804-1807.
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Zeng, D, Guo, S, Jin, H & Yu, S 1970, 'On the maximum throughput of two-hop wireless network coding', 2011 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2011 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Cancun, MEXICO, pp. 416-421.
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Zhai, H, Jiang, H, Sun, Y, Li, J, Liu, J, Fang, G & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'LHCDS: A Novel Deployment Strategy of Proxy Caches for P2P Traffic in ISP Networks', 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT), IEEE, Pafos, Cyprus, pp. 224-230.
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Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems have brought two serious problems for Internet Services Providers (ISPs): traffic surges and network congestion. Proxy caching for P2P traffic is an effective means of easing the burden imposed by P2P traffic on ISPs. The deployment strategy of proxy caches has a significant impact on their effect on ISPs. It has two important components: one is cache operation that is what P2P traffic caches monitor and serve; the other is cache deployment algorithm that is where to deploy caches. In this paper, we propose a deployment strategy of proxy caches, called LHCDS (Cache Deployment Strategy for Lower and Higher networks), including a new type of cache operation and its corresponding deployment algorithm. It can serve P2P traffic not only from the local lower access network to the higher transit ISP's network but also within the higher transit ISP's network itself. In LHCDS, caches are deployed at or near core routers of the transit ISP. We develop several deployment algorithms based on the new cache operation. We then evaluate the algorithms, and conclude that the proposed greedy algorithm is a viable and practical algorithm whose performance is close to optimal. Experiments also show that ISPs can achieve more P2P traffic decrease on links using LHCDS than previous strategies. © 2011 IEEE.

Zhan, YD, Guo, YG & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Intelligent comprehensive control to prevent performance degradation of PEM fuel cell', 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 196-199.
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To prevent the performance degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), this paper conducts research in intelligent comprehensive control of the operational parameters, such as the operating temperature, pressure, mass flows of hydrogen and air for the PEMFC stack, current density, the exhaust emission quantity of reactant gas, and humidity of the hydrogen and air/oxygen. An analysis is presented about the factors which affect the performance of PEMFC stack, including the influences of the leakage loss, and internal structures of the stack. An intelligent comprehensive control strategy is proposed and applied to a 300 W PEMFC system for an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) with backup PEMFC and battery power sources. The experimental results show that the performances of PEMFC have been improved comparing with the normal performance using the conventional PI control, and performance degradation can be prevented effectively.

Zhang, G, Di, H, Rong, M & Shi, H 1970, 'Specification and Verification of Data and Time in Web Service Composition', WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND MINING, PT II, International Conference on Web Information Systems and Mining (WISM 2011), SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, PEOPLES R CHINA, Taiyuan, pp. 436-+.

Zhang, G, Shi, H, Rong, M & Di, H 1970, 'Model Checking for Asynchronous Web Service Composition Based on XYZ/ADL', WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND MINING, PT II, International Conference on Web Information Systems and Mining (WISM 2011), SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, PEOPLES R CHINA, Taiyuan, pp. 428-+.

Zhang, H, Zhang, G, Dong, D, Huang, B & Lee, HWJ 1970, 'Feedback control of linear quantum optical systems', 2011 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), 2011 23rd Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), IEEE, pp. 2659-2664.
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Zhang, H, Zhang, Y, Ying, M & Zhou, Y 1970, 'Translating First-Order Theories into Logic Programs.', IJCAI, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI/AAAI, Barcelona, pp. 1126-1131.
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This paper focuses on computing first-order theories under either stable model semantics or circumscription. A reduction from first-order theories to logic programs under stable model semantics over finite structures is proposed, and an embedding of circumscription into stable model semantics is also given. Having such reduction and embedding, reasoning problems represented by first-order theories under these two semantics can then be handled by using existing answer set solvers. The effectiveness of this approach in computing hard problems beyond NP is demonstrated by some experiments.

Zhang, J, Hanlen, LW, Wang, AY & Xiaojing Huang 1970, 'Superframe-level time-hopping system with variable contention access period for wireless body area communications', 2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC 2011), IEEE, Toronto, Canada, pp. 2178-2182.
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Coexistence of multiple wireless body area networks (WBAN) is a very challenging problem because piconets move frequently and each piconet can have hundreds of sensors. The IEEE 802.15.6 task group is developing a standard based on superframe-level frequency-hopping scheme, which is a good solution to the piconet coexistence problem without requiring coordination between piconets. However, its spectrum efficiency is very low when only a single piconet is operating. In this paper we propose a superframe-level time-hopping scheme with variable contention access period. Compared to the frequency-hopping scheme, the proposed scheme has similar interference mitigation capability, but can achieve significant improvement in energy consumption, latency and spectrum efficiency. © 2011 IEEE.

Zhang, J, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'Combining one class classification models for avian influenza outbreaks', 2011 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Multicriteria Decision-Making (MDCM), 2011 Ieee Symposium On Computational Intelligence In Multicriteria Decision-Making - Part Of 17273 - 2011 Ssci, IEEE, Paris, France, pp. 190-196.
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The prediction of avian influenza outbreak animal cases is a genuine one class classification issue because the real world outliers are impractical to obtain. In this paper, a new combining one class classification method has been presented and illustrated on the avian influenza outbreak dataset. The presented combining methods outperform the previous combining methods both on the original avian influenza outbreak dataset and dimension reduction one. The new one classification combining model can be adapted to the warning surveillance purpose and proved to be practical on the avian influenza outbreak prediction tasks. © 2011 IEEE.

Zhang, L & Veitch, D 1970, 'Learning Entropy', NETWORKING 2011 Part I, International IFIP-TC Networking Conference, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Valencia, Spain, pp. 15-27.
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Entropy has been widely used for anomaly detection in various disciplines. One such is in network attack detection, where its role is to detect significant changes in underlying distribution shape due to anomalous behaviour such as attacks. In this paper, we point out that entropy has significant blind spots, which can be made use by adversaries to evade detection. To illustrate the potential pitfalls, we give an in-principle analysis of network attack detection, in which we design a camouflage technique and show analytically that it can perfectly mask attacks from entropy based detector with low costs in terms of the volume of traffic brought in for camouflage. Finally, we illustrate and apply our technique to both synthetic distributions and ones taken from real traffic traces, and show how attacks undermine the detector.

Zhang, L, Veitch, D & Ramamohanarao, K 1970, 'The role of KL divergence in anomaly detection', Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems, SIGMETRICS '11: ACM SIGMETRICS International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, ACM, USA, pp. 123-124.
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We study the role of Kullback-Leibler divergence in the framework of anomaly detection, where its abilities as a statistic underlying detection have never been investigated in depth. We give an in-principle analysis of network attack detection, showing explicitly attacks may be masked at minimal cost through 'camouflage'. We illustrate on both synthetic distributions and ones taken from real traffic.

Zhang, L, Yu, S, Wu, D & Watters, P 1970, 'A Survey on Latest Botnet Attack and Defense', 2011IEEE 10th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, 2011 IEEE 10th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), IEEE, Changsha, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 53-60.
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Zhang, RJ, Yang, HL, L’Hostis, V, Castel, A & François, R 1970, 'Characterization of Steel/Concrete Interface for a Long-Term Corroded Beam Stored in Chloride Environment', Advanced Materials Research, International Conference on Structures and Building Materials, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Guangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 3415-3420.
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This paper deals with the steel/concrete interface of a corroded beam B2CL1 after a 23 years exposure in chloride environment. XRD, SEM and Raman techniques were performed to investigate the chemical compositions and the spatial distribution of corrosion products. The experimental results illustrate that the corrosion product layer is a multi-layer constituted as marbling structure. It is composed of a mix of iron oxides and iron oxi-hydroxides. Iron species were found in the vicinity of concrete mainly in cracks, as it was already observed in the literature.

Zhang, S, Luo, X, Xuan, J, Chen, X & Xu, W 1970, 'Discovering small-world in association link networks for web-based learning', Proceedings of the third international ACM workshop on Multimedia technologies for distance learning, MM '11: ACM Multimedia Conference, ACM, pp. 19-24.
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Association Link Network (ALN) is a kind of Semantic Link Network built by mining the association relations among Web resources for effectively supporting Web intelligent application such as Web-based learning, and knowledge acquisition. This paper explores the Small-World properties of ALN to provide theoretical support for Web-based learning. First, a filtering algorithm of ALN is proposed to generate the filtered status of ALN by adjusting the filtering parameter. Secondly, the Small-World properties of ALN at the filtered status are calculated and analyzed by regression analysis to observe the changing trend of Small-World properties. After that, comparison of the Small-World properties between ALN and random graph shows that ALN reveals prominent Small-World characteristic. The discovery of Small-World characteristic of ALN can provide theoretical support for Web-based learning. © 2011 ACM.

Zhang, Y, Cheng, X, Wei, D, Wang, X & Jiang, Z 1970, 'Study on solidification during twin-roll casting of magnesium alloy', Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Technology of Plasticity Ictp 2011, International Conference on Technology of Plasticity, Aachen, Germany, pp. 15-19.
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The process of vertical twin-roll casting including pouring, solidifying, rolling and cooling can be accomplished in a very short time. Some important process parameters in roll casting that are difficult to be obtained experimentally may be acquired by employing numerical simulation. In this paper, a numerical simulation has been conducted based on a 2D finite element model of vertical twin-roll strip casting coupling temperature, flow, and thermal stress. The influences of key process parameters including submerged nozzle depth and nozzle spray angle have been studied. The distribution of thermal stress was obtained and its effect on the cracks in the casting strip was discussed. © 2011 IBF (RWTH Aachen) & IUL (TU Dortmund).

Zhang, Y, Zhu, D, Wang, X, Guo, Y, Chen, H, Liu, C, Xu, J, Heng, X & Lu, X 1970, 'Composing technology roadmapping according to bibliometrics: hybrid model and empirical study', COMPUTER COMMUNICATION AND MANAGEMENT, International Conference on Computer Communication and Management (ICCCM 2011), INT ASSOC COMPUTER SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PRESS-IACSIT PRESS, AUSTRALIA, Sydney, pp. 405-410.

Zhang, YX & Lin, X 1970, 'Advances of Finite Element Analysis for FRP Concrete Beams', Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 722-726.
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Zhang, YX & Lin, X 1970, 'Structural behavior of FRP-reinforced concrete beams', Isec 2011 6th International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference Modern Methods and Advances in Structural Engineering and Construction, pp. 741-746.
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In this paper, the nonlinear structural deformation behavior of FRP-reinforced concrete beams is investigated by using a newly developed one-dimensional composite beam element with only two nodes and two degrees of freedom at each node. In the new element, both concrete and reinforcing bars are modeled simultaneously and Timoshenko's composite beam functions are employed to represent the displacement interpolations functions. Geometric nonlinearly and material nonlinearity have been accounted for in themodeling so as to provide themost accurate prediction of the structural behavior. The influences of a series of parameters on the nonlinear structural behavior of the FRP-reinforced concrete beams including different type of reinforcing bars (steel, CFRP, GFRP, and basalt fiber) and different ratios of the reinforcement are studied. The investigated result will provide important guidance and information for performancebased structural design of FRP-reinforced concrete beams.

Zhang, YX & Teng, X 1970, 'Nonlinear numerical modeling of FRP-strengthened concrete slabs', Isec 2011 6th International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference Modern Methods and Advances in Structural Engineering and Construction, pp. 839-844.
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In this paper, a layered 4-node 24-degree of freedom rectangular composite plate element is constructed based on a recently developed layered rectangular plate element for steel reinforced concrete slabs and Timoshenko's composite beam functions, and is then used for nonlinear finite element analysis of FRP-strengthened concrete slabs. The cross section of the element is composed of a series of concrete layers, steel layers smeared from steel re-bars and FRP layers, which are used to strengthen the existing concrete slabs. Both geometric nonlinearity of the slabs and material nonlinearity of the concrete are accounted for in the model to provide accurate prediction of the structural behavior. Full bond is assumed between FRP layer, steel reinforcement and concrete. The proposed numerical model is validated against available numerical and experimental results for a numerical example and then is used to analyze the nonlinear structural behavior of FRP-strengthened concrete slabs with different types of FRPs including CFRP, GFRP and Basalt fibers.

Zhang, Z, Liu, K, Wang, W, Zhang, T & Lu, J 1970, 'A personalized recommender system for telecom products and services', ICAART 2011 - Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence, International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence, Rome, Italy, pp. 689-693.
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The Internet brings excellent opportunities to businesses for providing personalized online services to their customers. Recommender systems are designed to automatically generate personalized recommendations of products and services. This study develops a hybrid recommendation approach which combines user-based and item-based collaborative filtering techniques for mobile product and service recommendation. It particularly implements the approach into an intelligent recommendation system called telecom product recommender system (TCPRS). Experimental results show that the TCPRS can effectively help new customer selecting the most suitable mobile products and services.

Zhao, L, Huang, S, Yan, L, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Parallax Angle Parametrization for Monocular SLAM', 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 3117-3124.
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This paper presents a new unified feature para-metrization approach for monocular SLAM. The parametrization is based on the parallax angle and can reliably represent both nearby and distant features, as well as features in the direction of camera motion and features observed only once. A new bundle adjustment (BA) algorithm using the proposed parallax angle parametrization is developed and shown to be more reliable as compared with existing BA algorithms that use Euclidean XYZ or inverse depth parametrizations. A new map joining algorithm that allows combining a sequence of local maps generated using BA with the proposed parametrization, that avoids the large computational cost of a global BA, and can automatically optimize the relative scales of the local maps without any loss of information, is also presented. Extensive simulations and a publicly available large-scale real dataset with centimeter accuracy ground truth are used to demonstrate the accuracy and consistency of the BA and map joining algorithms using the new parametrization. Especially, since the relative scales are optimized automatically in the proposed BA and map joining algorithms, there is no need to compute any relative scales even for a loop more than 1km. © 2011 IEEE.

Zhao, W, Lu, DD-C & Agelidis, VG 1970, 'Novel current control of grid-connected boost-inverter with zero steady-state error', 2011 Twenty-Sixth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2011 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC 2011, IEEE, Fort Worth, TX, USA, pp. 1267-1272.
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This paper proposes a current control strategy with zero steady-state tracking error for grid-connected boost-inverters. Two boost converters are controlled separately to achieve both output current tracking and balanced output voltages. Based on cascading control and feedback linearization, the inner and outer-loop controllers are derived combining the inversion of boost converter model and the output error compensation. After the boost converter model is linearized, a proportional-and-resonant controller is derived from the internal model principle to achieve zero tracking error. Experimental results confirm that the proposed control achieves good current tracking to meet stringent grid-connection harmonics standards. © 2011 IEEE.

Zheng, C, Dutkiewicz, E, Liu, RP, Vesilo, R, Fang, G & Zhou, Z 1970, 'Opportunistic routing in multi-channel cognitive radio networks', 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications & Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2011 11th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 532-537.
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Cognitive radio (CR) is an exciting technology to improve spectrum utilization. However, spectrum availability can change very fast due to primary user's activity, which makes most of existing CR routing protocols fail to work because they are designed for cognitive radio networks (CRNs) with slow variation of spectrum availability. Opportunistic routing is a promising routing paradigm for CRNs with fast variation of spectrum availability. We propose a multi-channel spectrum aware opportunistic routing (MSAOR) algorithm based on link delay analysis. By introducing channel access probability to characterize the opportunistic CR link, access delay is integrated into queuing delay. Our analysis shows that our algorithm achieves a lower link delay than the existing routing algorithm SAOR (spectrum aware opportunistic routing). Our simulation results also show that our MSAOR algorithm can reduce end-to-end delay by up to 50%, can increase the supported offered load by up to 190% and is more robust than SAOR. © 2011 IEEE.

Zheng, C, Liu, RP, Yang, X, Collings, IB, Zhou, Z & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Maximum Flow-Segment Based Channel Assignment and Routing in Cognitive Radio Networks', 2011 IEEE 73rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2011 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2011-Spring), IEEE, Yokohama, Japan, pp. 1-6.
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In multi-hop cognitive radio networks (CRNs), there can be dramatic increase in end-to-end delay when a traffic flow switches between a number of channels along its path. We propose a new Maximum Flow-Segment (MFS) based scheme to channel assignment in CRN by minimizing the number of times the channel is switched along a flow. Our MFS based scheme has been efficiently integrated into the AODV on-demand routing protocol. We demonstrate that our MFS based scheme reduces the number of channel switches for the traffic flows and reduces the end-to-end delay by 50%. Our scheme also minimizes the routing overhead, and achieves a higher and more stable throughput than the link based approach. © 2011 IEEE.

Zhu, H & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Direct Parameter Extraction for Piezoresistively-sensed MEMS Resonators Embedded in Parasitic Capacitive Feedthrough', Procedia Engineering, Elsevier BV, pp. 515-518.
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Zhu, H & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Simulating Nonlinearity in MEMS Resonators by a Charge Controlled Capacitor', Procedia Engineering, Elsevier BV, pp. 403-406.
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Zhu, K, Zhang, W, Zhu, G, Zhang, Y & Lin, X 1970, 'BMC: An Efficient Method to Evaluate Probabilistic Reachability Queries', LNCS - Database Systems for Advanced Applications - Part 1, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications, Database Systems for Advanced Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Hong Kong, pp. 434-449.
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Reachability query is a fundamental problem in graph databases. It answers whether or not there exists a path between a source vertex and a destination vertex and is widely used in various applications including road networks, social networks, world wide web and bioinformatics. In some emerging important applications, uncertainties may be inherent in the graphs. For instance, each edge in a graph could be associated with a probability to appear. In this paper, we study the reachability problem over such uncertain graphs in a threshold fashion, namely, to determine if a source vertex could reach a destination vertex with probabilty larger than a user specified probability value t. Finding reachability on uncertain graphs has been proved to be NP-Hard. We first propose novel and effective bounding techniques to obtain the upper bound of reachability probability between the source and destination. If the upper bound fails to prune the query, efficient dynamic Monte Carlo simulation technqiues will be applied to answer the probabilitistic reachability query with an accuracy guarantee. Extensive experiments over real and synthetic datasets are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our techniques.

Zhu, L, Cao, L & Yang, J 1970, 'Soft subspace clustering with competitive agglomeration', 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE 2011), 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE, Taipei, pp. 691-698.
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In this paper, two novel soft subspace clustering algorithms, namely fuzzy weighting subspace clustering with competitive agglomeration (FWSCA) and entropy weighting subspace clustering with competitive agglomeration (EWSCA), are proposed to overcome the problems of the unknown number of clusters and the initialization of prototypes for soft subspace clustering. The main advantage of FWSCA and EWSCA lies in the fact that they effectively integrate the merits of soft subspace clustering and the good properties of fuzzy clustering with competitive agglomeration. This makes it possible to obtain the appropriate number of clusters during the clustering progress. Moreover, FWSCA and EWSCA algorithms can converge regardless of the initial number of clusters and initialization. Substantial experimental results on both synthetic and real data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of FWSCA and EWSCA in addressing the two problems

Zhu, X, Uy, B, Mirza, O & Hao, H 1970, 'Condition Assessment of Composite Structures using Dynamic Measurements', DYNAMICS FOR SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING, VOL 1, 14th Asia Pacific Vibration Conference (APVC) on Dynamics for Sustainable Engineering, HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIV, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 307-316.

Zhu, XQ, Cao, DQ, Law, SS & Pan, JZ 1970, 'Nonlinear Behaviour of Damaged Concrete Bridge Structures under Moving Vehicular Loads', DYNAMICS FOR SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING, VOL 1, 14th Asia Pacific Vibration Conference (APVC) on Dynamics for Sustainable Engineering, HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIV, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 242-251.

Zhu, Y, Qin, L, Yu, JX, Ke, Y & Lin, X 1970, 'High efficiency and quality: large graphs matching.', CIKM, ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM, Glasgow, United Kingdom, pp. 1755-1764.
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Graph matching plays an essential role in many real applications. In this paper, we study how to match two large graphs by maximizing the number of matched edges, which is known as maximum common subgraph matching and is NP-hard. To find exact matching, it cannot handle a graph with more than 30 nodes. To find an approximate matching, the quality can be very poor. We propose a novel two-step approach which can efficiently match two large graphs over thousands of nodes with high matching quality. In the first step, we propose an anchor-selection/expansion approach to compute a good initial matching. In the second step, we propose a new approach to refine the initial matching. We give the optimality of our refinement and discuss how to randomly refine the matching with different combinations. We conducted extensive testing using real and synthetic datasets, and will report our findings. © 2011 ACM.

Zhu, Z, Wang, L, Li, J, Liu, W, Cui, M & Liu, L 1970, 'A Simplified Road Network Model Considering Delay Time at Intersection and Its Application on Automobile Navigation', COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND ECOINFORMATICS, PT 1, International Workshop on Computer Science for Environmental Engineering and EcoInformatics (CSEEE), SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, PEOPLES R CHINA, Kunming, pp. 66-74.

Zhu, ZY, Li, JY, Wang, LN, Liu, W, Cui, M & Liu, L 1970, 'A Simplified Time-Division Based on Road Network Model Considering Intersection Delay for Vehicle Navigation', Applied Mechanics and Materials, 1st International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., THAILAND, Phuket, pp. 1226-1232.
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How to model a dynamic road network has great practical significance in a vehicle navigation system. This paper has proposed a simplified time-division based on road network model which implicitly takes into account the delay time at various intersections, the degree of a road congestion and the different road quality, but avoids a complicated calculation and collection for these traffic data. An improved Dijkstra algorithm based on the new model has also been given. The simulation results show that the model can work well and the algorithm is efficient.

Zhu, ZY, Liu, W, Liu, L, Cui, M & Li, JY 1970, 'A Simplified Real-Time Road Network Model Considering Intersection Delay and its Application on Vehicle Navigation', Applied Mechanics and Materials, International Conference on Information Technology for Manufacturing Systems (ITMS 2011), Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., PEOPLES R CHINA, Shanghai, pp. 1959-1965.
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The complexity of a real road network structure of a city and the variability of its real traffic information make a city’s intelligent transportation system (ITS) hard to meet the needs of the city’s vehicle navigation. This paper has proposed a simplified real-time road network model which can take into account the influence of intersection delay on the guidance for vehicles but avoid the calculation of intersection delay and troublesome collection of a city’s traffic data. Based on the new model, a navigation system has been presented, which can plan a dynamic optimal path for a vehicle according to the real-time traffic data received periodically from the city’s traffic center. A simulated experiment has been given. Compared with previous real-time road network models, the new model is much simpler and more effective on the calculation of vehicle navigation.

Zhuang, J, Tsang, IW & Hoi, SCH 1970, 'Two-layer multiple kernel learning', Journal of Machine Learning Research, International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, AAAI Press, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA, pp. 909-917.
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Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL) aims to learn kernel machines for solving a real machine learning problem (e.g. classification) by exploring the combinations of multiple kernels. The traditional MKL approach is in general 'shallow' in the sense that the target kernel is simply a linear (or convex) combination of some base kernels. In this paper, we investigate a framework of Multi-Layer Multiple Kernel Learning (MLMKL) that aims to learn 'deep' kernel machines by exploring the combinations of multiple kernels in a multi-layer structure, which goes beyond the conventional MKL approach. Through a multiple layer mapping, the proposed MLMKL framework offers higher flexibility than the regular MKL for finding the optimal kernel for applications. As the first attempt to this new MKL framework, we present a Two-Layer Multiple Kernel Learning (2LMKL) method together with two efficient algorithms for classification tasks. We analyze their generalization performances and have conducted an extensive set of experiments over 16 benchmark datasets, in which encouraging results showed that our method performed better than the conventional MKL methods. Copyright 2011 by the authors.

Zirpins, C, Feuerlicht, G, Lamersdorf, W & Ortiz, G 1970, 'Engineering Service-Oriented Applications 6th International Workshop WESOA 2010', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 62-64.
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Many of today's large-scale software projects in the area of distributed systems and especially enterprise IT adopt service-oriented software architecture and technologies. For these projects, availability of sound software engineering principles, methodology and tool support is of utmost importance. However, traditional software engineering approaches are not fully appropriate for the development of service-oriented applications. The limitations of traditional methods in the context of service-oriented computing have led to the emergence of Software Service Engineering (SSE) as a specialist discipline, but research in this area is still immature and many open issues remain. The WESOA workshop series brings together research community and industry practitioners in order to develop comprehensive engineering principles, methodologies and tool support for the entire software development lifecycle (SDLC) of service-oriented applications. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Zong, Y, Xu, G, Jin, P, Dolog, P & Jiang, S 1970, 'A Local Information Passing Clustering Algorithm for Tagging Systems', Database Systems for Adanced Applications, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Database Systems for Advanced Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Hong Kong, China, pp. 333-343.
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Under social tagging systems, a typical Web2.0 application, users label digital data sources by using tags which are freely chosen textual descriptions. Tags are used to index, annotate and retrieve resource as an additional metadata of resource. Poor retrieval performance remains a major problem of most social tagging systems resulting from the severe difficulty of ambiguity, redundancy and less semantic nature of tags. Clustering method is a useful tool to increase the ability of information retrieval in the aforementioned systems. In this paper, we propose a novel clustering algorithm named LIPC (Local Information Passing Clustering algorithm). The main steps of LIPC are: (1) we estimate a KNN neighbor directed graph G of tags and calculate the kernel density of each tag in its neighborhood; (2) we generate local information, local coverage and local kernel of each tag; (3) we pass the local information on G by I and O operators until they are converged and tag priory are generated; (4) we use tag priory to find out the clusters of tags. Experimental results on two real world datasets namely MedWorm and MovieLens demonstrate the efficiency and the superiority of the proposed method.

Zong, Y, Xu, G, Jin, P, Zhang, Y, Chen, E & Pan, R 1970, 'APPECT: An Approximate Backbone-Based Clustering Algorithm for Tags', Advanced Data Mining and Applications, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, International Conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Beijing, China, pp. 175-189.
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In social annotation systems, users label digital resources by using tags which are freely chosen textual descriptions. Tags are used to index, anno- tate and retrieve resource as an additional metadata of resource . Poor retrieval performance remains a major problem of most social tagging systems resulting from the severe difficulty of ambiguity, redundancy and less semantic nature of tags. Clustering method is a useful tool to address the aforementioned difficul- ties. Most of the researches on tag cluste ring are directly using traditional clus- tering algorithms such as K-means or Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering on tagging data, which possess the inherent drawbacks, such as the sensitivity of initialization. In this paper, we instead make use of the approximate backbone of tag clustering results to find out better tag clusters. In particular, we propose an APProximate backbonE-based Clustering algorithm for Tags (APPECT). The main steps of APPECT are: (1) we execute the K-means algorithm on a tag similarity matrix for M times and collect a set of tag clustering results Z={C 1 ,C 2 ,...,C m } ; (2) we form the approximate backbone of Z by executing a greedy search; (3) we fix the approximate backbone as the initial tag clustering result and then assign the rest tags into the corresponding clusters based on the similarity. Experimental results on three real world datasets namely MedWorm, MovieLens and Dmoz demonstrate the effectiveness and the superiority of the proposed method against the traditional approaches.

Zowghi, D 1970, 'What is Requirements Volatility and How Does it Impact on Software Development?', NEW TRENDS IN SOFTWARE METHODOLOGIES, TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES, 10th International Conference on New Trends in Software Methodologies, Tools and Techniques, IOS Press BV, St Petersburg, Russia, pp. 3-4.
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Software development is a dynamic process where demands for change have been recognized to be inevitable. All forms of modifications to the user requirements cause software to change. The sources of changes could vary considerably and come from the users, business, techlonogy, and organizations. Changes to requirements give rise to an intrinsic volatility, which is claimed to impact on many aspects of software development. Requirements Volatility (RV) is claimed to be a major source of risk to the management of software projects. Investigating the sources of , reasons for, and impacts of requirements changes is an important prerequisite for understanding the characteristics of requirements volatility. In this talk, I will discuss the nature of requirements changes and describe the results of our longitudinal study of requirements volatility. The results of this study have improved our understanding of this complex and multifaceted phenomenon and have provided valuable empirical evidence for the impacts of RV resulting in important insights for more effective management of requirements.

Zowghi, D & Bargi, A 1970, 'Software versus IT Service: A Comparative Study from Requirements Engineering Perspective', 2011 22nd International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications, 2011 22nd International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA), IEEE, Toulouse, France, pp. 31-35.
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Service are ubiquitous and are a critical element of the mordern world economies. They play an increasingly important role in most industry sectors including Information Technology (IT). The essential differences between a software product and an IT Service are unclear. IT services are seldom offered in isolation and are often packaged and provided with software products. More so than before, IT service providers need to conduct a rigorous and systematic elicitation, and analysis of the needs and requirements of the intended users so that the resulting IT services are closly aligned with the enterprise business needs. This paper presents a comparative study of software and IT services form the Requirements Engineer(RE) perspective; both from process and product viewpoint. THe overall aim of the compare and contrast is to investigate key similarities and differentces between software and IT services in order to ascertain the applicability and relevance of RE research and practice results for eliciting, analyzing, documenting and managing IT services.