Publications

Boughton, GN & Crews, K 2013, Timber Design Handbook In Accordance with the Australian Limit State Timber Design Code AS 1720.1-2010, Timber Structures, Part 1: Design Methods.
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This revised edition reflects the changes in the Australian Building Industry since the release of the last 1988 edition, in particular the focus on timber and wood products as a key materials in sustainable construction.

Durao, F, Bayyapu, K, Xu, G, Dolog, P & Lage, R 2013, Medical Information Retrieval Enhanced with User’s Query Expanded with Tag-Neighbors, Springer New York.
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Under-specified queries often lead to undesirable search results that do not contain the information needed. This problem gets worse when it comes to medical information, a natural human demand everywhere. Existing search engines on the Web often are unable to handle medical search well because they do not consider its special requirements. Often a medical information searcher is uncertain about his exact questions and unfamiliar with medical terminology. To overcome the limitations of under-specified queries, we utilize tags to enhance information retrieval capabilities by expanding users’ original queries with context-relevant information. We compute a set of significant tag neighbor candidates based on the neighbor frequency and weight, and utilize the qualified tag neighbors to expand an entry query. The proposed approach is evaluated by using MedWorm medical article collection and results show considerable precision improvements over state-of-the-art approaches.

Howlett, RJ & Gabrys, B 2013, InnovationKT-2012 Preface.

Hussain, OK, Dillon, TS, Hussain, FK & Chang, EJ 2013, Risk Assessment and Management in the Networked Economy, 1, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Netherlands.
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This book, authored by some of the leading researchers in the field, includes chapters that shed a new light over the domain. The book builds on the important idea that users confidence in online services will be increasingly based on a VI Foreword sound, shared notion of dynamic transactional risk, rather then on todays heuristics. Such notion, as proposed in this book, captures the fundamental aspects of occasional online transactions, including time-dependence and possible information asymmetries.

Luo, T, Chen, S, Xu, G & Zhou, J 2013, Trust-based Collective View Prediction, 1, Springer New York, Germany.
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Collective view prediction is to judge the opinions of an active web user based on unknown elements by referring to the collective mind of the whole community. Content-based recommendation and collaborative filtering are two mainstream collective view prediction techniques. They generate predictions by analyzing the text features of the target object or the similarity of users past behaviors. Still, these techniques are vulnerable to the artificially-injected noise data, because they are not able to judge the reliability and credibility of the information sources. Trust-based Collective View Prediction describes new approaches for tackling this problem by utilizing users trust relationships from the perspectives of fundamental theory, trust-based collective view prediction algorithms and real case studies. The book consists of two main parts a theoretical foundation and an algorithmic study. The first part will review several basic concepts and methods related to collective view prediction, such as state-of-the-art recommender systems, sentimental analysis, collective view, trust management, the Relationship of Collective View and Trustworthy, and trust in collective view prediction. In the second part, the authors present their models and algorithms based on a quantitative analysis of more than 300 thousand users data from popular product-reviewing websites. They also introduce two new trust-based prediction algorithms, one collaborative algorithm based on the second-order Markov random walk model, and one Bayesian fitting model for combining multiple predictors.

Ni, B-J 2013, Formation, characterization and mathematical modeling of the aerobic granular sludge, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
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Xu, G, Zong, Y & Yang, Z 2013, Applied data mining, 1, CRC Press, USA.
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Data mining has witnessed substantial advances in recent decades. New research questions and practical challenges have arisen from emerging areas and applications within the various fields closely related to human daily life, e.g. social media and social networking. This book aims to bridge the gap between traditional data mining and the latest adv.

Abdallah, ME & Waldron, KJ 2013, 'Duty Factor and Leg Stiffness Models for the Design of Running Bipeds' in Advances in Mechanisms, Robotics and Design Education and Research, Springer International Publishing, pp. 275-293.
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© 2013, Springer International Publishing Switzerland. Supporting the design process for running biped robots, analytical models are presented for two aspects of running: the duty factor (DF) of the gait, and the stiffness value of the leg. For a given running speed, an optimal DF exists that minimizes the energy expenditure. We present a formula for the optimal DF based on a model of the energetics, and the results are compared to both human data and simulation results. In addition, a model is presented for the stiffness value of the leg as a function of the physical properties, speed, and DF. The Gait Resonance Point is proposed as a design target for compliant running. At this point, the gait matches the spring resonance and the stiffness value becomes independent of the DF.

Alavi, AH, Gandomi, AH, Mollahasani, A & Bazaz, JB 2013, 'Linear and Tree-Based Genetic Programming for Solving Geotechnical Engineering Problems' in Metaheuristics in Water, Geotechnical and Transport Engineering, Elsevier, pp. 289-310.
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Al-Ohali, M & Burdon, S 2013, 'International Collaboration' in Higher Education Dynamics, Springer Netherlands, pp. 159-166.
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This chapter explores the issues confronting higher education in Saudi Arabia as it moves towards globalisation of learning and research and the integration of its universities into national economic and social policy frameworks. A particular emphasis is placed on the processes necessary for university engagement with multinational corporations, both inside and outside the Kingdom. The authors stress, however, that international collaboration carries risks as well as rewards. Determining an appropriate development strategy for the higher education sector that balances those risks and rewards is critical to the Kingdom’s future.

Beyhan, B & Cetindamar, D 2013, 'No Escape from the Dominant Theories: The Analysis of Intellectual Pillars of Technology Management in Developing Countries' in Strategic Planning Decisions in the High Tech Industry, Springer London, pp. 11-34.
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© 2013 Springer-Verlag London. All rights are reserved. This chapter aims to identify the intellectual bases of the technology management (TM) literature generated in developing countries using citation and co-citation analyses and answers the question of whether the intellectual bases of the TM literature created by authors in developing countries diverge from those of the global TM literature. Based on a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of ten technology-innovation management (TIM) specialty journals through the period 1998-2007, this study produces three important findings. First, the TM literature generated in developing countries is dominated by the knowledge and theories created in developed countries. Second, among these knowledge sources some authors from developing countries focus on the specialties of developing countries, such as Kim and Lall, come into prominence; however, these authors are not even mentioned in the previous bibliometric studies covering overall TM research. Finally, the researchers in developing countries tackle with the issues or topics specific to their own context through combining three major bulks of literature. These are (1) resource-based view (RBV)/core competencies and organizational learning-related research; (2) literature dealing with the evolutionary theorizing on economic change and growth, and (3) literature related to technological capabilities, technology transfer, and industrialization in developing countries.

Bohnen, F, Stolpe, M, Deuse, J & Morik, K 2013, 'Using a Clustering Approach with Evolutionary Optimized Attribute Weights to Form Product Families for Production Leveling' in Lecture Notes in Production Engineering, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 189-202.
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Burdon, S & Al-Ohali, M 2013, 'Higher Education in Saudi Arabia' in Smith, L & Abouammoh, A (eds), Higher Education in Saudi Arabia - Achievements, Challenges and Opportunities, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 159-167.
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The decision to move down a path of international higher education collaboration is not one that should be taken lightly by Saudi universities. Significant resources and investment in time and money are required for success. This chapter will explore the issues confronting higher education in Saudi Arabia as it moves towards globalization of learning and research and the integration of its universities into national economic and social policy frameworks.

Cao, L, Motoda, H, Srivastava, J, Lim, EP, King, I, Yu, PS, Nejdl, W, Xu, G, Li, G & Zhang, Y 2013, 'Behavior and Social Computing' in Cao, L, Motoda, H, Srivastava, J, Lim, E-P, King, I, Yu, PS, Nejdl, W, Xu, G, Li, G & Zhang, Y (eds), Behavior and Social Computing, Springer International Publishing, Germany, pp. v-vi.
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Chanan, AP, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Simmons, B 2013, 'Wastewater Management Journey – From Indus Valley Civilisation to the Twenty-First Century' in Sharma, SK & Sanghi, R (eds), Wastewater Reuse and Management, Springer Netherlands, Germany, pp. 3-18.
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Throughout the human existence on this planet, water and wastewater infrastructure never attracted as much public attention as it did during the second half of the nineteenth century. Following extensive debate on appropriate solutions for problems associated with hygiene and public health, options were chosen from several competing alternatives, while others foreclosed. Sociocultural impacts of these late nineteenth century decisions have lasted until the present day [1]. The shape of our cities and centralised approach embedded within sanitary engineers mindset today owe its existence to the options selected nearly 200 years ago. The current selection of water and wastewater management options, particularly in the developing world, has the opportunity to learn from 200 years of experience. It is critical that these lessons influence the design of future wastewater management systems because undoubtedly the decisions being made today will impact on the future generations. This chapter highlights the development of wastewater management through human evolution and settlement history.

Daim, T, Cetindamar, D, Beyhan, B & Basoglu, N 2013, 'Strategic Planning Decisions: An Overview' in Strategic Planning Decisions in the High Tech Industry, Springer London, pp. 1-10.
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© 2013 Springer-Verlag London. All rights are reserved. Who would have thought 10 years ago that Apple would be a phone company or even a music company? As we are witnessing another technological discontinuity, once again we realize the importance of making informed decisions in the high-tech industry. This book provides a snapshot of the tools being developed to address the uncertainty induced by technological discontinuities.

Dickson-Deane, C & Deane, WA 2013, 'Implementing Infrastructure-Related Education Technology Solutions at the Government Primary and Secondary School Level' in Cases on Educational Technology Planning, Design, and Implementation, IGI Global, pp. 343-363.
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Advances in technology and the increased competitiveness of the world’s economy have changed the landscape for developing countries. One of the primary steps many countries have taken to be competitive is to infuse technology into the education system, using funds provided by international funding agencies. This case study discusses the SITUP project, which uses technology to enhance a portion of the education system in a developing country. These enhancements include infusion of technology into the delivery systems, introducing skill-based efficiencies for educators and general infrastructure-related access. The case highlights the importance of team buy-in, clearly identifying change management and general reporting processes and, most importantly, including all stakeholders through each phase of the project. Vendor-related solutions, lack of instructional design methodologies, creating processes, and identifying appropriate risks are some of the challenges discussed. Lessons learned and recommendations for similar projects that occur within difficult economic and political climates are presented.

Dyson, LE, Andrews, T, Smyth, R & Wallace, R 2013, 'Toward a Holistic Framework for Ethical Mobile Learning' in Berg, ZL & Muilenburg, LY (eds), Handbook of Mobile Learning, Routledge, New York, pp. 405-416.
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As more universities, colleges and schools adopt mobile learning, concerns have been voiced regarding the emergence of unethical behaviour. This paper examines a range of ethical issues and analyses the reasons for them. A framework for an ethical approach to mobile learning is put forward in which harm minimization is balanced with both the need to prepare students for living in a mobile world and the benefits of an approach to learning which has advantages for students from diverse backgrounds. A case is made for the adoption of an ethic of responsibility by educators, administrators and students.

Eigner, M, Ernst, J, Roubanov, D, Deuse, J, Schallow, J & Erohin, O 2013, 'Product Assembly Information to Improve Virtual Product Development' in Lecture Notes in Production Engineering, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 303-313.
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El Saliby, I, Shon, HK & McDonagh, A 2013, 'Visible-light active doped titania for water purification: nitrogen and silver doping' in Lens, PNL, Virkutyte, J, Jegatheesan, V, Kim, SH & Al-Abed, S (eds), Nanotechnology for Water and Wastewater Treatment, IWA PUBLISHING, London, UK, pp. 189-208.
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Photocatalysis over semiconductors, mainly Ti02, has been employed and extensively studied over the past few decades (Malato et aI., 2009). The so-called "first generation photocatalYSIS" are characterised by their photoexcitation limited to the UV region of the solar spectrum. Nevertheless, many photocatalysts showed outstanding performance in decomposing a large number of pollutants of water and air. A number of water pollutants belong to the family of biorecalcitrant pollutants (non-biodegradable) and these include pharmaceutical and personal care products, industrial wastes, and a large number of pesticides/herbicides. Many of the emerging pollutants are resistant to conventional water treatment processes, noxious to the environment and some are classified as endoctine disrupting agents. The removal of non-biodegradable pollutants from wastewater poses a serious challenge for the water industry. Generally, advanced oxidation processes (AOP) are employed to achieve this goal. Heterogeneous photocatalysis, as part of AOP, is sometimes adopted as a tool to eliminate these contaminants. However, the high cost associated with the use of photocatalysis to treat such compounds has always been a disadvantage for its large-scale adoption in treatment processes. The high cost is mainly associated with: (1) the energy consumed for the UV light irradiation of the photocatalyst, (2) the energy required for the separation of the photocatalyst particles from water. A total of 40% of the solar light reaching the lithosphere is visible light, whereas UV light accounts only for 5% of the total solar radiation. The development of new photocatalysts that can effectively harvest visible light is crucial for making this technology viable in the waler treatment industry. The use of "second-generation riOz photocatalysts" to harvest visible light from solar energy is gaining popularity (Anpo, 1997). Most of the research involving the use of second generation TiOz photocatalysts has...

Fitch, R & McAllister, R 2013, 'Hierarchical Planning for Self-reconfiguring Robots Using Module Kinematics', Springer, Germany, pp. 477-490.
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Reconfiguration allows a self-reconfiguring modular robot to adapt to its environment. The reconfiguration planning problem is one of the key algorithmic challenges in realizing self-reconfiguration. Many existing successful approaches rely on grouping modules together to act as meta-modules. However, we are interested in reconfiguration planning that does not impose fixed meta-module relationships but instead forms cooperative relationships between modules dynamically. This approach avoids the need to hand-code meta-module motions and potentially allows reconfiguration with fewer modules. In this paper we present a general two level reconfiguration framework. The top level plans in module-connector space using distributed dynamic programming. The lower level accepts a transition function for the kinematic model of the chosen module type as input. As an example, we implement such a transition function for the 3R, SuperBot-style module. Although not explored in this paper, this general approach is naturally extended to consider power use, clock time, or other quantities of interest. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Gandomi, AH & Alavi, AH 2013, 'Expression Programming Techniques for Formulation of Structural Engineering Systems' in Metaheuristic Applications in Structures and Infrastructures, Elsevier, pp. 439-455.
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Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH & Talatahari, S 2013, 'Structural Optimization Using Krill Herd Algorithm' in Swarm Intelligence and Bio-Inspired Computation, Elsevier, pp. 335-349.
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A new metaheuristic optimization algorithm, called krill herd (KH), has been recently proposed by Gandomi and Alavi. In this study, KH is introduced for structural optimization. For more verification, KH is subsequently applied to three design problems reported in the literature. The performance of the KH algorithm is further compared with various algorithms representative of the state of the art in the area. The comparisons show that the results obtained by KH can be better than the best solutions obtained by the existing methods in these three case studies. © 2013 Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH & Talatahari, S 2013, 'Structural Optimization Using Krill Herd Algorithm' in Swarm Intelligence and Bio-Inspired Computation: Theory and Applications, pp. 335-349.
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A new metaheuristic optimization algorithm, called krill herd (KH), has been recently proposed by Gandomi and Alavi. In this study, KH is introduced for structural optimization. For more verification, KH is subsequently applied to three design problems reported in the literature. The performance of the KH algorithm is further compared with various algorithms representative of the state of the art in the area. The comparisons show that the results obtained by KH can be better than the best solutions obtained by the existing methods in these three case studies.

Gandomi, AH, Yang, X-S, Talatahari, S & Alavi, AH 2013, 'Metaheuristic Algorithms in Modeling and Optimization' in Metaheuristic Applications in Structures and Infrastructures, Elsevier, pp. 1-24.
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Gill, AQ & Bunker, D 2013, 'SaaS Requirements Engineering for Agile Development' in Wang, X, Ali, N, Ramos, I & Vidgen, R (eds), Agile and Lean Service-Oriented Development: Foundations, Theory, and Practice, IGI Global, USA, pp. 64-93.
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The emergence of Software as a Service (SaaS) has made it possible to develop dynamic and complex business processes as eServices. The development of business processes as eServices (SaaS) can be assisted by the means of adaptive or agile development processes. The development of business processes in terms of SaaS require to perform SaaS requirements engineering (RE), which is an important phase of a software development process for the success of any project. The challenge here is how best to do SaaS RE (e.g. mapping business process to eServices) and select agile development practices for developing business processes in terms of SaaS. In order to address this challenge, an integrated agile RE model for SaaS project development environments is outlined within this chapter. The purpose of the proposed RE model is to aid in iteratively determining SaaS requirements in short iterations as opposed to the only first and onetime upfront phase of a development process. Each identified SaaS requirement or a set of requirements for a given iteration is linked to a single or set of specific agile practices for implementation in short iterations. This model can be used as a guideline by organisations wishing to understand the challenging task of mapping business processes to SaaS and its implementation by using agile software development processes or practices.

Gürtler, MR & Lindemann, U 2013, 'Using Boolean operators for modeling complex logical dependencies in matrices', pp. 117-123.
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The success of Open Innovation mainly depends on the right choice of external partners and the right way to integrate them into the company's innovation process. Situative Open Innovation supports companies by analyzing their specific situation, suitable external actors and deriving efficient Open Innovation methods. Due to various inter-dependencies between the key-criteria for determining the situation, actors and methods an appropriate notation is necessary to depict the inherent logical connections. This paper presents a matrix-based approach using Boolean operators to model these inter-dependencies. The approach combines a numerical encoding of Boolean operator types and a path domain for depicting distinct dependencies.

Hasselmann, K, Jaeger, C, Leipold, G, Mangalagiu, D & Tàbara, JD 2013, 'Reframing the Problem of Climate Change' in Reframing the Problem of Climate Change: From Zero Sum Game to Win-Win Solutions, Routledge, pp. 131-159.
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Islam, R, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2013, 'Power converters for wind turbines: Current and future development' in Mendez-Vilas, A (ed), Materials and Processes for Energy: Communicating Current Research and Technological Developments, Formatex, Spain, pp. 559-571.
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The wind turbine generator system requires a power conditioning circuit called power converter that is capable of adjusting the generator frequency and voltage to the grid. Several types of converter topologies have been developed in the last decades; each of them has some advantages and disadvantages. Mainly two converter topologies are currently used in the commercial wind turbine generator systems. Most of the proposed converters require line filters and transformers to improve the power quality and step-up the voltage level, respectively. These heavy and bulky components significantly increase the tower construction, and turbine installation and maintenance costs. Recent advances in power semiconductors and magnetic materials have led to the development of new structure of converters, which would be a possible solution to reducing the size, weight, and cost of power converters. In this chapter, a comprehensive study of power converter technologies, current research and development is conducted.

Konrad, B, Lieber, D & Deuse, J 2013, 'Striving for Zero Defect Production: Intelligent Manufacturing Control Through Data Mining in Continuous Rolling Mill Processes' in Lecture Notes in Production Engineering, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 215-229.
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Kutay, C 2013, 'Collecting Aboriginal Stories for Education through Immersion' in Pan, Z, Cheok, AD, Müller, W, Iurgel, I, Petta, P & Urban, B (eds), Transactions on Edutainment X, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 102-121.
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This research is in the area of life-long learning through storytelling, focusing on the use of multiple individual stories to create an immersive environment for learning cultural concepts or recreating historical environments. We take the approach that while an individual's story is developed through collecting stories from different times, more conceptual community narratives are developed through collection from many individuals from different perspectives. We have focused on stories explaining the experience of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia at the 'cultural interface' [1], an approach we explain in this paper. There is no one story of this experience, and some historians ([2] ; [3]; [4] ) claim that different people's stories could conflict. We consider here ways to either avoid or use these conflicts. This work is also aimed at enabling Indigenous people, who are more skilled users of multimedia than text, to construct useful learning material that retains their cultural values and intent. This will involve creative software tools, especially for surmounting the vast difference in culture and learning processes between the Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities in Australia. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.

Kutay, CM & Green, R 2013, 'Culture Online' in Ormond-Parker, L, Corn, A, Fforde, C, Obata, K & O’Sullivan, S (eds), Information Technology and Indigenous Communities, AIATSIS Research Publications, Australia, pp. 89-104.
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Many Indigenous projects, such as language recording, use existinginformation technology (IT) resources for cultural sharing on the internet or storingculture on computer systems separate from the web to ensure privacy. However,existing resources are not always suitable for the needs of Indigenous users, andmany very creative IT language projects are designed for material in a singlelanguage.This chapter documents the design of web resources used in the reclamation ofthe Dharug language of Sydney.1 We discuss a Web 2.0 framework for the creationof highly interactive websites that allow users to share these teaching techniques ormaterials between language groups. Such a framework should deal with the issuesinvolved in teaching and learning Aboriginal languages, including the scarcity ofspeakers for many languages, the need for audio and video materials online, andthe complexity of these languages, which requires novel teaching techniques.We also look at international projects that use technology to support communityknowledge sharing spaces. These include engineered interfaces that enable usersto physically ‘interact’ with images and computer-generated objects or to usemobile phones to project images and place audio information into the real world,thereby recreating past or future environments. Further, we look at web servicesthat are being used to recreate the community of survivors of recent earthquakesand develop a learning space. Finally, the limited possibilities of existing work ontext to speech and speech to text are presented. We relate this work to AustralianIndigenous cultural projects and discuss how links might be made, especially withopen source software.

Kutay, CM & Mundine, K 2013, 'Training for Inclusion' in Ormond-Parker, L, Corn, A, Fforde, C, Obata, K & O'Sullivan, S (eds), Information Technology and Indigenous Communities, AIATSIS Research Publications, Australia, pp. 75-88.
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TherehavebeenmanyprogramsinitiatedinAustraliatotrainAboriginalstudentsforinclusionintheinformationtechnology(IT)sector.TheserangefromMicrosoftUnlimitedPotentialcourses,whichmainlyfocusonpreparationforofficework,toOnlineAnalyticalProcessinggames,whichinvolvestudentsindiscoverylearningabouthowcomputersfunction.WesuggestthislatterapproachhasmuchmoreusefulramificationsforIndigenouspeopleintermsofengagingtheminemploymentandeducation.YearsofresearchintoAboriginalandTorresStraitIslandereducationrecommendthateducationinthissectorshouldfocusonpractical,discoverylearningwithculturalandpersonalrelevance,andstresstheimportanceofidentitywithinanIndigenousculturalcontext.

Le, M, Nauck, D, Gabrys, B & Martin, T 2013, 'KNNs and Sequence Alignment for Churn Prediction' in Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXX, Springer International Publishing, pp. 279-285.
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Li, L, Xiao, H & Xu, G 2013, 'Recommending Related Microblogs' in Xu, G & Li, L (eds), Social Media Mining and Social Network Analysis, IGI Global, Hershey, USA, pp. 202-210.
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Computing similarity between short microblogs is an important step in microblog recommendation. In this chapter, the authors utilize three kinds of approaches—traditional term-based approach, WordNet-based semantic approach, and topic-based approach—to compute similarities between micro-blogs and recommend top related ones to users. They conduct experimental study on the effectiveness of the three approaches in terms of precision. The results show that WordNet-based semantic similarity approach has a relatively higher precision than that of the traditional term-based approach, and the topic-based approach works poorest with 548 tweets as the dataset. In addition, the authors calculated the Kendall tau distance between two lists generated by any two approaches from WordNet, term, and topic approaches. Its average of all the 548 pair lists tells us the WordNet-based and term-based approach have generally high agreement in the ranking of related tweets, while the topic-based approach has a relatively high disaccord in the ranking of related tweets with the WordNet-based approach.

Liu, Q & Li, J 2013, 'Protein Binding Interfaces and Their Binding Hot Spot Prediction: A Survey' in Shen, B (ed), Translational Bioinformatics, Springer Netherlands, German, pp. 79-106.
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In living organisms, genes are the blueprints or library, specifying instructions for building proteins. Proteins constitute the bulk of cells. Proteins mutual binding and interactions play a vital role in numerous functions and activities, such as signal transduction, enzymatic reactions, immunoreactions and inter-cellular communications. This survey provides basic knowledge of proteins and protein binding. First, we describe proteins fundamental elements, structures and functions. In Sect. 5.2, we present concepts related to protein binding and interactions. In Sect. 5.3, we explain why protein binding interfaces have a uneven distribution of binding free energy. In the Sects. 5.4 and 5.5, we explain why protein interfaces are complicated and how the current studies deal with this difficult problem. In Sect. 5.6, we present an overview on methods to model and predict binding free energy of protein interactions. Section 5.7 concludes this survey with a summary.

Lu, J & Kerre, E 2013, 'A Glimpse of the Flood of Emails after the Sad News Was Spread' in A Tribute to Prof. Dr. Da Ruan, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 3-5.
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Lu, J & Kerre, E 2013, 'Education' in A Tribute to Prof. Dr. Da Ruan, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 35-36.
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Lu, J & Kerre, E 2013, 'Keynotes, Tutorials and Panels in Conferences' in A Tribute to Prof. Dr. Da Ruan, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 91-97.
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Lu, J & Kerre, E 2013, 'Obituary in SCK Website: In Memoriam Da Ruan: http://www.sckcen.be/fr/Nouvelles/In-Memoriam-Da-Ruan' in A Tribute to Prof. Dr. Da Ruan, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 31-31.
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Lu, J & Kerre, E 2013, 'Obituary: In Memoriam Prof. Dr. Da Ruan' in A Tribute to Prof. Dr. Da Ruan, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 19-23.
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Lu, J, Zhang, G, Ma, J, Wu, F, Wang, C, Zhang, J & Purba, JH 2013, 'In the Days since Da Passed Away: Our Best Adjunct Professor and Best Friend' in A Tribute to Prof. Dr. Da Ruan, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 121-136.
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Mahabaleswar, US & Saha, SC 2013, 'Analytical solution of a walters’ liquid b flow over a linear stretching sheet in a porous medium' in Focus on Porous Media Research, pp. 121-130.
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This Chapter represents the analytical solution of a two-dimensional linear stretching sheet problem involving a non-Newtonian liquid and suction by (a) invoking the boundary layer approximation and (b) using this result to solve the stretching sheet problem without using boundary layer approximation. The basic boundary layer equations for momentum, which are non-linear partial differential equations, are converted into non-linear ordinary differential equations by means of similarity transformation. The results reveal a new analytical procedure for solving the boundary layer equations arising in a linear stretching sheet problem involving a non-Newtonian liquid (Walters’ liquid B). The present study sheds light on the analytical solution of a class of boundary layer equations arising in the stretching sheet problem.

Manjula & Waldron, KJ 2013, 'Design for Inclusivity: Meaningful Collaboration with Differences' in Kumar, V, Schmiedler, J & Sreenivasan, SV (eds), Advances in Mechanisms, Robotics and Design Education and Research, Springer International Publishing, pp. 1-16.
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The ubiquitous availability of the internet for global networking has made collaborating by differences necessary. This is challenging because of the human history of tribal organizations. In this paper we draw from our 45 years of personal and professional journey together to elicit the skills that have helped us to successfully engage across racial, cultural, and academic differences. It required designing new rules of social and academic engagement that changed how we related with the “other”. We rely on these techniques daily to inform us on how to facilitate collaboration in any situation capitalizing on the diversity of thought, body, experience, belief, and/or training while focusing on the similarity of our journey.

Naderpour, M & Lu, J 2013, 'A Human Situation Awareness Support System to Avoid Technological Disasters' in Vitoriano, B, Montero, J & Ruan, D (eds), Decision Aid Models for Disaster Management and Emergencies, Atlantis Press, Paris, France, pp. 307-325.
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In many complex technological systems, accidents have primarily been attributed to human error. In the majority of these accidents the human operators were striving against significant challenges. They have to face data overload, the challenge of working with a complex system and the stressful task of understanding what is going on in the situation. Therefore, to design and implement complex technological systems where the information flow is quite high, and poor decisions may lead to serious consequences, Situation Awareness (SA) should be appropriately considered. A level 1 SA is highly supported in these systems through the various heterogeneous sensors and signal-processing methods but, for levels 2 and 3 there is still a need for concepts and methods. This work develops a system called the Human Situation Awareness Support System (HSASS) that supports the safety operators in an ever increasing amount of available risky status and alert information. The proposed system includes a new dynamic situation assessment method based on risk, which has the ability to support the operators understanding of the current state of the system, predict the near future, and suggest appropriate actions. The proposed system does not control the course of action and allows the human to act at his/her discretion in specific contexts.

Nguyen, TV & Eisman, JA 2013, 'Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics of Osteoporosis' in Genetics of Bone Biology and Skeletal Disease, Elsevier, pp. 151-167.
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Peynot, T, Fitch, R, McAllister, R & Alempijevic, A 2013, 'Resilient Navigation through Probabilistic Modality Reconfiguration', Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp. 75-88.
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This paper proposes an approach to achieve resilient navigation for indoor mobile robots. Resilient navigation seeks to mitigate the impact of control, localisation, or map errors on the safety of the platform while enforcing the robot's ability to achieve its goal. We show that resilience to unpredictable errors can be achieved by combining the benefits of independent and complementary algorithmic approaches to navigation, or modalities, each tuned to a particular type of environment or situation. In this paper, the modalities comprise a path planning method and a reactive motion strategy. While the robot navigates, a Hidden Markov Model continually estimates the most appropriate modality based on two types of information: context (information known a priori) and monitoring (evaluating unpredictable aspects of the current situation). The robot then uses the recommended modality, switching between one and another dynamically. Experimental validation with a SegwayRMP-based platform in an office environment shows that our approach enables failure mitigation while maintaining the safety of the platform. The robot is shown to reach its goal in the presence of: 1) unpredicted control errors, 2) unexpected map errors and 3) a large injected localisation fault. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Piyathilaka, L & Kodagoda, S 2013, 'Human Activity Recognition for Domestic Robots.' in Alvarez, LM, Corke, PI & Roberts, JM (eds), Field and Service Robotics - Results of the 9th International Conference, December 9-11, 2013, Brisbane, Australia, Springer, Springer, pp. 395-408.
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Prasad, M, Lin, C-T, Yang, C-T & Saxena, A 2013, 'Vertical Collaborative Fuzzy C-Means for Multiple EEG Data Sets' in Intelligent Robotics and Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 246-257.
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Resconi, G, Braun, R & Chaczko, Z 2013, 'Geometry of a Sensor Networks' in Computer Aided Systems Theory - EUROCAST 2013, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 507-512.
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Riley, L, Howard-Wagner, D, Mooney, J & Kutay, C 2013, 'Embedding aboriginal cultural knowledge in curriculum at university level through aboriginal community engagement' in Craven, RG & Mooney, J (eds), Diversity in Higher Education, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, UK, pp. 251-276.
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Purpose: This chapter outlines the successful community engagement process used by the authors for the Kinship Online project in the context of Indigenous methodological, epistemological, and ethical considerations. It juxtaposes Indigenous and western ways of teaching and research, exploring in greater detail the differences between them. The following chapter builds on and extends Riley, Howard-Wagner, Mooney & Kutay (2013, in press) to delve deeply into the importance of embedding Aboriginal cultural knowledge in curriculum at the university level. Practical implications: The chapter gives an account of an Office for Learning and Teaching (OLTC) grant to develop Indigenous Online Cultural Teaching and Sharing Resources (the Kinship Online Project). The project is built on an existing face-to-face interactive presentation based on Australian Aboriginal Kinship systems created by Lynette Riley, which is being re-developed as an online cultural education workshop. Value: A key consideration of the researchers has been Aboriginal community engagement in relation to the design and development of the project. The chapter delves deeply into the importance of embedding Aboriginal cultural knowledge into curriculum at the university level. In doing so, the chapter sets out an Aboriginal community engagement model compared with a western research model which the authors hope will be useful to other researchers who wish to engage in research with Aboriginal people and/or communities. Copyright © 2013 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Saco, PM & Rodríguez, JF 2013, '2.14 Modeling Ecogeomorphic Systems' in Treatise on Geomorphology, Elsevier, pp. 201-220.
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Sahab, MG, Toropov, VV & Gandomi, AH 2013, 'A Review on Traditional and Modern Structural Optimization' in Metaheuristic Applications in Structures and Infrastructures, Elsevier, pp. 25-47.
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Tao, M, Wu, C & Li, XB 2013, 'Numerical simulation of multiple fracture zones in underground dynamic loading processes' in Rock Dynamics and Applications - State of the Art, pp. 451-456.
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The excavation fracture responses around cavities in rock mass with initial stress were examined using three dimensional numerical modelling. In addition to the primary fractured zone in near field, numerical modelling generated the second fractured zone in far field, and an elastic non-fractured zone between the two fractured zones, i.e., the fractured zones and the non-fractured zone occur alternately around deep cavity. This finding proved that the zonal disintegration phenomenon can occur in underground excavation process.

Tran, BH, Center, JR & Nguyen, TV 2013, 'Translational Genetics of Osteoporosis: From Population Association to Individualized Prognosis' in Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism, Wiley, pp. 376-388.
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© 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. All rights reserved. Genetic factors play an important role in osteoporosis and fracture risk. The genetic studies performed over the past few decades have provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. With the decreasing costs of genome-wide scanning, consortia have been able to pool much larger populations in genome-wide association (GWA) studies for complex diseases that overcome some of the statistical problems that have plagued reproducibility from earlier studies in osteoporosis. A major priority in osteoporosis research at present is to develop prognostic models for identifying individuals who have a high risk of fracture. Research into the genetic background of osteoporosis and identification of osteoporosis-related genes can advance our understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms of fracture. With a rapid improvement in genotyping technology, the next generation of GWA studies will be adding more variants at a low frequency to cover as many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as possible.

Waldron, KJ, Tokhi, MO & Virk, GS 2013, 'FRONT MATTER' in Nature-Inspired Mobile Robotics, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, USA, pp. v-vi.
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Wang, D, Zhang, G & Zuo, H 2013, 'Fuzzy Number Ranking Based on Combination of Deviation Degree and Centroid' in Yang, Y, Ma, M & Liu, B (eds), Communications in Computer and Information Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 595-604.
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Ward, P, Liu, D, Waldron, K & Hasan, M 2013, 'OPTIMAL DESIGN OF A MAGNETIC ADHESION FOR CLIMBING ROBOTS' in Waldron, KJ & Tokhi, MO (eds), Nature-Inspired Mobile Robotics, World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, pp. 375-382.
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© 2013 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. Designing a magnetic adhesion system for climbing robots requires careful selection of design parameters to achieve a feasible solution. There are many considerations which must be taken into account, such as, size constraints for the intended environment and robot configuration, the maximum load that can be supported by the climbing robot, and the expected air gaps during operation. With consideration of the design challenges, an optimal design for a magnetic adhesion system is presented. Based on the optimal design a prototype footpad has been constructed for use on an inchworm climbing robot and experimental results are presented.

Xu, G, Gu, Y & Yi, X 2013, 'On Group Extraction and Fusion for Tag-Based Social Recommendation' in Xu, G & Li, L (eds), Social Media Mining and Social Network Analysis, IGI Global, Hershey, USA, pp. 211-223.
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With the recent information explosion, social websites have become popular in many Web 2.0 applications where social annotation services allow users to annotate various resources with freely chosen words, i.e., tags, which can facilitate users’ finding preferred resources. However, obtaining the proper relationship among user, resource, and tag is still a challenge in social annotation-based recommendation researches. In this chapter, the authors aim to utilize the affinity relationship between tags and resources and between tags and users to extract group information. The key idea is to obtain the implicit relationship groups among users, resources, and tags and then fuse them to generate recommendation. The authors experimentally demonstrate that their strategy outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms that fail to consider the latent relationships among tagging data.

Yang, XS, Cui, Z, Xiao, R, Gandomi, AH & Karamanoglu, M 2013, 'Preface' in Swarm Intelligence and Bio-Inspired Computation: Theory and Applications, pp. xix-xxii.
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Yoo, C, Fitch, R & Sukkarieh, S 2013, 'Probabilistic Temporal Logic for Motion Planning with Resource Threshold Constraints' in Roy, N, Newman, P & Srinivasa, S (eds), Robotics: Science and Systems VIII, Robotics: Science and Systems Foundation, UK, pp. 457-464.
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© 2013 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Temporal logic and model-checking are useful theoretical tools for specifying complex goals at the task level and formally verifying the performance of control policies. We are interested in tasks that involve constraints on real-valued energy resources. In particular, autonomous gliding aircraft gain energy in the form of altitude by exploiting wind currents and must maintain altitude within some range during motion planning. We propose an extension to probabilistic computation tree logic that expresses such real-valued resource threshold constraints, and present model-checking algorithms that evaluate a piecewise control policy with respect to a formal specification and hard or soft performance guarantees. We validate this approach through simulated examples of motion planning among obstacles for an autonomous thermal glider. Our results demonstrate probabilistic performance guarantees on the ability of the glider to complete its task, following a given piecewise control policy, without knowing the exact path of the glider in advance.

Yosun, T & Çetindamar, D 2013, 'Hidden Champions of Turkey' in Hidden Champions in CEE and Turkey, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 383-405.
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Zeng, C, Jia, W, He, X & Xu, M 2013, 'Recent Advances on Graph-Based Image Segmentation Techniques' in Image Processing, IGI Global, pp. 1323-1337.
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Image segmentation techniques using graph theory has become a thriving research area in computer vision community in recent years. This chapter mainly focuses on the most up-to-date research achievements in graph-based image segmentation published in top journals and conferences in computer vision community. The representative graph-based image segmentation methods included in this chapter are classified into six categories: minimum-cut/maximum-flow model (called graph-cut in some literatures), random walk model, minimum spanning tree model, normalized cut model and isoperimetric graph partitioning. The basic rationales of these models are presented, and the image segmentation methods based on these graph-based models are discussed as the main concern of this chapter. Several performance evaluation methods for image segmentation are given. Some public databases for testing image segmentation algorithms are introduced and the future work on graph-based image segmentation is discussed at the end of this chapter.

Zong, Y & Xu, G 2013, 'Clustering Algorithms for Tags' in Xu, G & Li, L (eds), Social Media Mining and Social Network Analysis, IGI Global, Hershey, USA, pp. 39-53.
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With the development and application of social media, more and more user-generated contents are created. Tag data, a kind of typical user generated content, has attracted lots of interests of researchers. In general, tags are the freely chosen textual descriptions by users to label digital data sources in social tagging systems. Poor retrieval performance remains a major problem of most social tagging systems resulting from the severe difficulty of ambiguity, redundancy, and less semantic nature of tags. Clustering method is a useful tool to increase the ability of information retrieval in the aforementioned systems. In this chapter, the authors (1) review the background of state-of-the-art tagging clustering and the tag data description, (2) present five kinds of tag similarity measurements proposed by researchers, and (3) finally propose a new clustering algorithm for tags based on local information that is derived from Kernel function. This chapter aims to benefit both academic and industry communities who are interested in the techniques and applications of tagging clustering.

Abdal-hay, A, Tijing, LD & Lim, JK 2013, 'Characterization of the surface biocompatibility of an electrospun nylon 6/CaP nanofiber scaffold using osteoblasts', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 215-216, pp. 57-64.
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The purpose of this research is to improve the biocompatibility of bone tissue engineering scaffolds using a one-step electrospinning process. Calcium phosphate (CaP) was coated on the surface of nylon 6 (N6) nanofibers to form an ultrathin layer, thereby increasing surface roughness and wettability of the N6 nanofiber membrane in order to further improve implant tissue integration. The morphology, composition, chemical interaction bonding and mechanical properties of CaP-coated N6 nanofibers were characterized. The wettability of the scaffold was measured in terms of the water contact angle, and the results indicated that N6 fibers coated with an ultrathin layer of CaP exhibited an excellent surface wettability (water contact angle = 0°). Mechanical testing revealed higher properties of coated CaP layers compared to a plain N6 mat. The biological response induced by the surface modifications of N6 fibers was evaluated by in vitro cell culture with MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts cells. It was found that CaP-coated N6 nanofibrous matrices definitely favored cell proliferation, with the efficiency dependent upon the coating technique. A combination of a nanoscale fibrous structure and a CaP coating could mimic the structure, composition and function of bone tissues

Abdul-Hadi, A, Mansor, S, Pradhan, B & Tan, CK 2013, 'Seasonal variability of chlorophyll-a and oceanographic conditions in Sabah waters in relation to Asian monsoon—a remote sensing study', Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 185, no. 5, pp. 3977-3991.
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Abedin, MJ, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Sanjid, A, Rahman, SMA & Masum, BM 2013, 'Energy balance of internal combustion engines using alternative fuels', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 26, pp. 20-33.
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Abeywardena, D, Kodagoda, S, Dissanayake, G & Munasinghe, R 2013, 'Improved State Estimation in Quadrotor MAVs A Novel Drift-Free Velocity Estimator', IEEE ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION MAGAZINE, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 32-39.
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In this article, we presented a novel state estimator for quadrotor MAVs, where clear improvements in estimates stemming from the incorporation of quadrotor-specific dynamical constraints were demonstrated. Our design is based on an EKF and is capable of estimating both roll and pitch angles of the attitude, in addition to X and Y components of the body frame translational velocities within a bounded error. This estimator is applied to inertial data gathered from real-world flight experiments. The resulting attitude and velocity estimates obtained match closely with the ground truth and are drift free.

Adak, C 2013, 'Dual Layer Textual Message Cryptosystem with Randomized Sequence of Symmetric Key', Vol. 4 No., vol. 2, p. 2012.
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This paper introduces a new concept of textual message encryption anddecryption through a pool of randomized symmetric key and the dual layercryptosystem with the concept of visual cryptography and steganography. Atextual message is converted into two image slides, and the images areencrypted through two different randomized sequences of symmetric key. Thedecryption is done in the reverse way. The encrypted images are decrypted bythose two symmetric keys. The decrypted image slides are merged together andconverted into textual message. Here the image sharing is done through theconcept of visual cryptography and the textual message to image conversion isdone through the concept of steganography.

Adak, C 2013, 'Robust Steganography Using LSB-XOR and Image Sharing', Tata McGraw-Hill, ISBN (13): 978-1-25-906393-0, 2013.
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Hiding and securing the secret digital information and data that aretransmitted over the internet is of widespread and most challenging interest.This paper presents a new idea of robust steganography using bitwise-XORoperation between stego-key-image-pixel LSB (Least Significant Bit) value andsecret message-character ASCII-binary value (or, secret image-pixel value). Thestego-key-image is shared in dual-layer using odd-even position of each pixelto make the system robust. Due to image sharing, the detection can only be donewith all the image shares.

Afshar, S, Cohen, G, Wang, R, Schaik, AV, Tapson, J, Lehmann, T & Hamilton, TJ 2013, 'The Ripple Pond: Enabling Spiking Networks to See', Frontiers in Neuroscience, no. 7 NOV.
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In this paper we present the biologically inspired Ripple Pond Network (RPN),a simply connected spiking neural network that, operating together withrecently proposed PolyChronous Networks (PCN), enables rapid, unsupervised,scale and rotation invariant object recognition using efficient spatio-temporalspike coding. The RPN has been developed as a hardware solution linkingpreviously implemented neuromorphic vision and memory structures capable ofdelivering end-to-end high-speed, low-power and low-resolution recognition formobile and autonomous applications where slow, highly sophisticated and powerhungry signal processing solutions are ineffective. Key aspects in the proposedapproach include utilising the spatial properties of physically embedded neuralnetworks and propagating waves of activity therein for information processing,using dimensional collapse of imagery information into amenable temporalpatterns and the use of asynchronous frames for information binding.

Aghdamy, S, Wu, C & Griffith, M 2013, 'Simulation of Retrofitted Unreinforced Concrete Masonry Unit Walls under Blast Loading', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 21-44.
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This paper describes an investigation into the effectiveness of using spray-on nano-particle reinforced polymer and aluminium foam as new types of retrofit material to prevent the breaching and collapse of unreinforced concrete masonry walls subjected to blast over a whole range of dynamic and impulsive regimes. Material models from the LS-DYNA material library were used to model the behaviors of each of the materials and its interface for retrofitted and unretrofitted masonry walls. Available test data were used to validate the numerical models. Using the validated LS-DYNA numerical models, the pressure-impulse diagrams for retrofitted concrete masonry walls were constructed. The efficiency of using these retrofits to strengthen the unreinforced concrete masonry unit (CMU) walls under various pressures and impulses was investigated using pressure-impulse diagrams. Comparisons were made to find the most efficient retrofits for masonry walls against blasts.

Agrawal, A, Azabi, YO & Rahman, BMA 2013, 'Stacking the Equiangular Spiral', IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 291-294.
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Agrawal, A, Tiwari, M, Azabi, YO, Janyani, V, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 2013, 'Ultrabroad supercontinuum generation in tellurite equiangular spiral photonic crystal fiber', Journal of Modern Optics, vol. 60, no. 12, pp. 956-962.
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Aguilera, RP & Quevedo, DE 2013, 'Stability Analysis of Quadratic MPC With a Discrete Input Alphabet', IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 58, no. 12, pp. 3190-3196.
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Aguilera, RP, Lezana, P & Quevedo, DE 2013, 'Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control With Improved Steady-State Performance', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 658-667.
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Finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) is a novel and promising control scheme for power converters and drives. Many practical and theoretical issues have been presented in the literature, showing good performance of this technique. The present work deals with one of the most relevant aspects of any controller, namely, the steady-state operation. As will be shown, basic FCS-MPC formulations can be enhanced to achieve a reduced average steady-state error. As an illustrative example, we apply our proposal to a simple H-Bridge power converter. Experimental results were carried out to verify the performance obtained by the proposed predictive strategies. © 2012 IEEE.

Ahmed, LA, Center, JR, Bjørnerem, Å, Bluic, D, Joakimsen, RM, Jørgensen, L, Meyer, HE, Nguyen, ND, Nguyen, TV, Omsland, TK, Størmer, J, Tell, GS, van Geel, TACM, Eisman, JA & Emaus, N 2013, 'Progressively increasing fracture risk with advancing age after initial incident fragility fracture: The Tromsø Study', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 2214-2221.
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ABSTRACT   The risk of subsequent fracture is increased after initial fractures; however, proper understanding of its magnitude is lacking. This population-based study examines the subsequent fracture risk in women and men by age and type of initial incident fracture. All incident nonvertebral fractures between 1994 and 2009 were registered in 27,158 participants in the Tromsø Study, Norway. The analysis included 3108 subjects with an initial incident fracture after the age of 49 years. Subsequent fracture (n = 664) risk was expressed as rate ratios (RR) and absolute proportions irrespective of death. The rates of both initial and subsequent fractures increased with age, the latter with the steepest curve. Compared with initial incident fracture rate of 30.8 per 1000 in women and 12.9 per 1000 in men, the overall age-adjusted RR of subsequent fracture was 1.3 (95% CI, 1.2–1.5) in women, and 2.0 (95% CI, 1.6–2.4) in men. Although the RRs decreased with age, the absolute proportions of those with initial fracture who suffered a subsequent fracture increased with age; from 9% to 30% in women and from 10% to 26% in men, between the age groups 50–59 to 80+ years. The type of subsequent fracture varied by age from mostly minor fractures in the youngest to hip or other major fractures in the oldest age groups, irrespective of type and severity of initial fracture. In women and men, 45% and 38% of the subsequent hip or other major fractures, respectively, were preceded by initial minor fractures. The risk of subsequent fracture is high in all age groups. At older age, severe subsequent fracture types follow both clinically severe and minor initial incident fractures. Any fragility fracture in the elderly reflects the need for specific osteoporosis management to reduce further fracture risk. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research...

Akbarnezhad, A, Ong, KCG, Tam, CT & Zhang, MH 2013, 'Effects of the Parent Concrete Properties and Crushing Procedure on the Properties of Coarse Recycled Concrete Aggregates', Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 1795-1802.
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Due to its considerably lower embodied carbon and making use of industrial by-products including fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, geopolymer concrete (GPC) is considered as a sustainable alternative to Portland cement (OPC) concrete. However, prior to granting GPC a green label and encouraging its widespread use, a number of other important possible impacts associated with this new material throughout its life cycle need to be further investigated. One of the important aspects of sustainability which has received little attention with regards to GPC is the end-of-life impact. While end-of-life strategies such as recycling and reuse have been widely investigated for conventional concrete, the applicability of such strategies to GPC has not been investigated. This paper presents the results of an experimental study conducted to investigate the recyclability of GPC. Basic properties of recycled geopolymer aggregates (RGAs) including water absorption, density and Los Angeles abrasion loss as well as the effects of size of RGA on these properties were investigated. In addition, the effects of the different replacement ratios of coarse RGA for coarse natural aggregates on the properties of the new recycled aggregate geopolymer concrete (RAG) including compressive strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were investigated. The RGA and RAG properties were compared with those of recycled OPC concrete aggregate (RCA) and recycled aggregate OPC concrete (RAC) produced under relatively similar conditions.

Al Rawashdeh, S, Ruzouq, R, Al-Fugara, A, Pradhan, B, Ziad, SHA-H & Ghayda, AR 2013, 'Monitoring of Dead Sea water surface variation using multi-temporal satellite data and GIS', Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 3241-3248.
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AlAamri, H, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, D & Lipman, J 2013, 'Optimised relay selection for route discovery in reactive routing', AD HOC NETWORKS, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 70-88.
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On-demand routing protocols have the potential to provide scalable information delivery in large ad hoc networks. The novelty of these protocols is in their approach to route discovery, where a route is determined only when it is required by initiating a route discovery procedure. Much of the research in this area has focused on reducing the route discovery overhead when prior knowledge of the destination is available at the source or by routing through stable links. Hence, many of the protocols proposed to date still resort to flooding the network when prior knowledge about the destination is un-available. This paper proposes a novel routing protocol for ad hoc networks, called On-demand Tree-based Routing Protocol (OTRP). This protocol combines the idea of hop-by-hop routing (as used by AODV) with an efficient route discovery algorithm called Tree-based Optimised Flooding (TOF) to improve scalability of ad hoc networks when there is no prior knowledge about the destination. To achieve this in OTRP, route discovery overheads are minimised by selectively flooding the network through a limited set of nodes, referred to as branching nodes. The key factors governing the performance of OTRP are theoretically analysed and evaluated, including the number of branch nodes, location of branching nodes and number of Route REQuest (RREQ) retries. It was found that the performance of OTRP (evaluated using a variety of well-known metrics) improves as the number of branching nodes increases and the number of consumed RREQ retries is reduced. Additionally, theoretical analysis and simulation results shows that OTRP outperforms AODV, DYMO, and OLSR with reduced overheads as the number of nodes and traffic load increases. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Alavi, AH, Gandomi, AH, Nejad, HC, Mollahasani, A & Rashed, A 2013, 'Design equations for prediction of pressuremeter soil deformation moduli utilizing expression programming systems', Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1771-1786.
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Al‐Hajjar, M, Fisher, J, Williams, S, Tipper, JL & Jennings, LM 2013, 'Effect of femoral head size on the wear of metal on metal bearings in total hip replacements under adverse edge‐loading conditions', Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, vol. 101B, no. 2, pp. 213-222.
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AbstractMetal‐on‐metal (MoM) bearings have shown low‐wear rates under standard hip simulator conditions; however, retrieval studies have shown large variations in wear rates and mechanisms. High‐wear in vivo has caused catastrophic complications and has been associated with steep cup‐inclination angle (rotational malpositioning). However, increasing the cup‐inclination angle in vitro has not replicated the increases in wear to the same extent as those observed in retrievals. Clinically relevant wear rates, patterns, and particles were observed in vitro for ceramic‐on‐ceramic bearings when microseparation (translational malpositioning) conditions were introduced into the gait cycle. In the present study, 28 and 36‐mm MoM bearings were investigated under adverse conditions. Increasing the cup angle from 45° to 65° resulted in a significant increase in the wear rate of the 28 mm bearings. However, for the 36 mm bearings, head‐rim contact did not occur under the steep cup‐angle condition, and the wear rate did not increase. The introduction of microseparation to the gait cycle significantly increased the wear rate of the MoM bearings. Cup angle and head size did not influence the wear rate under microseparation conditions. This study indicated that high‐in vivo wear rates were associated with edge loading due to rotational malpositioning such as high‐cup‐inclination angle and translational malpositioning that could occur due to several surgical factors. Translational malpositioning had a more dominant effect on the wear rate. Preclinical simulation testing should be undertaken with translational and rotational malpositioning conditions as well as standard walking cycle conditions defined by the ISO standard. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2013.

Aljarajreh, H, Reaz, MBI, Amin, MS & Husain, H 2013, 'An Active Inductor Based Low Noise Amplifier for RF Receiver', Electronics and Electrical Engineering, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 49-52.
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AlKilani, SG, Jupp, JR & Sawhncy, A 2013, 'Readying a developing economy for national performance measurement and benchmarking: A case study of the Jordanian construction industry', International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 11-21.
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In many developing countries, national construction performance measures and benchmarking processes are yet to be formulated, implemented and tracked. This inherent weakness of an economic sector has negative impacts on, productivity, efficiency and performance. This paper takes the Jordanian construction industry as a case study of a developing economy and highlights the significant challenges it faces in implementing performance measurement. Findings from this study reveal a number of specific and general characteristics, and the extent and seventy of industry-based barriers. The paper identifies a range of requirements at the national level that must be met to move from a state of relative disarray to an industry ready for the successful implementation of performance measurement and benchmarking. The authors anticipate that the findings of this paper will be of interest to academics and professionals involved in other developing countries' construction industries. Copyright©2013 IAHS.

Alkilani, SZ, Jupp, J & Sawhney, A 2013, 'Issues of construction health and safety in developing countries: a case of Jordan', Construction Economics and Building, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 141-156.
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The construction industry is widely regarded as one of the most significant interms of its impact on health and safety (H&S). Recent findings suggestthat in developing countries H&S awareness and performance is low. In this paper,the current state of H&S on construction sites in Jordan was explored usinga two-part investigation. The first part introduces the area of research in aliterature based study of on-site safety. The second part is a case study onthe Jordanian construction industry and its current H&S practices. Primary datawas collected from field visits, expert interviews and semi-structuredquestionnaires. Supporting secondary data was collected from archival studiesand related research literature. The research findings highlight a lack of governmentcommitment exemplified by regulations, policies and legal constraints thatlimit the operational efficiency of those government departments responsiblefor H&S management, and hindering the development of good H&S practice.Research results also highlight the key constraints of good H&S practice fromthe perspective of construction contractors.The study concludes with discussion ofpotential solutions toimprove H&S performance on construction sites in Jordan.

Al-Kouri, O, Al-Fugara, A, Al-Rawashdeh, S, Sadoun, B, Sadoun, B & Pradhan, B 2013, 'Geospatial Modeling for Sinkholes Hazard Map Based on GIS & RS Data', Journal of Geographic Information System, vol. 05, no. 06, pp. 584-592.
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Al-Mahmoud, F, Castel, A & François, R 2013, 'Modelling of flexural behaviour of RC beams strengthened with NSM CFRP rods including serviceability', European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 532-553.
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Al-shalabi, M, Billa, L, Pradhan, B, Mansor, S & Al-Sharif, AAA 2013, 'Modelling urban growth evolution and land-use changes using GIS based cellular automata and SLEUTH models: the case of Sana’a metropolitan city, Yemen', Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 425-437.
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Al-shalabi, M, Pradhan, B, Billa, L, Mansor, S & Althuwaynee, OF 2013, 'Manifestation of Remote Sensing Data in Modeling Urban Sprawl Using the SLEUTH Model and Brute Force Calibration: A Case Study of Sana’a City, Yemen', Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 405-416.
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Al-sharif, AAA, Pradhan, B, Shafri, HZM & Mansor, S 2013, 'Spatio-temporal analysis of urban and population growths in tripoli using remotely sensed data and GIS', Indian Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 5134-5142.
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The remote sensing data and GIS have been used widely to analyse and study the patterns of urban expansions. The capital of Libya, Tripoli was selected to perform this study and to examine its urban growth. Four satellite imageries and population censuses of the study area for the time period 1984 to 2010 were used in this work. The objectives of this paper are identifying and analysing the urban sprawl of Tripoli as a pattern and as process. Also to understand and assess the interchangeable relationship of urban growth and population growth of study area. Urban area extents in different time periods were extracted by supervised classification method of the satellite imageries. Then, the population data and urban extents data were coupled to perform the analysis. Additionally, Shannon's entropy technique was used for further assessment of urban growth. The study findings demonstrate that Tripoli had sprawled urban growth during the period 1984 to 2010. Moreover, during the above mentioned period, the urban expansion dispersion rate has shown in an ascending mode. Consequently, this uncontrolled dispersed urban development had resulted in high consumption land rate per capita despite of decrement in population growth rate.

Altaee, A 2013, 'Theoretical study on feed water designs to reverse osmosis pressure vessel', Desalination, vol. 326, pp. 1-9.
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Scale fouling and power consumption are one of the most important parameters in reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. To reduce scale problems in RO, single or central feeds to the pressure vessel were suggested instead of using end feed. In this paper Reverse Osmosis System Analysis (ROSA) software was used to simulate the differences between single, central and end feed designs. The effect of feed Silt Density Index (SDI) and number of the RO elements in the pressure vessel were investigated here. Feed SDIs 5, 3, and 1 were considered in this paper. To study the effect of the numbers of RO elements, 6 RO and 8 RO elements per pressure vessel were simulated. The simulation results showed that the power consumption in the end feed design was lower than in the single and central feed designs. The simulation results showed that Langelier Silt Index (LSI) and Stiff & Davis Stability Index (SDSI) were lower in the single than central feed design which in turn was lower than in the end feed design. These results indicated that although the power consumption in the single and central feed designs was higher than in the end feed design; the former designs were more efficient in rescuing the RO scale problems. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Altaee, A, Mabrouk, A & Bourouni, K 2013, 'A novel Forward osmosis membrane pretreatment of seawater for thermal desalination processes', Desalination, vol. 326, pp. 19-29.
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Altaee, A, Mabrouk, A & Bourouni, K 2013, 'Corrigendum to “A novel forward osmosis membrane pretreatment of seawater for thermal desalination processes” [Desalination 326 (2013) 19–29]', Desalination, vol. 329, pp. 115-115.
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Alturki, AA, McDonald, JA, Khan, SJ, Price, WE, Nghiem, LD & Elimelech, M 2013, 'Removal of trace organic contaminants by the forward osmosis process', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 103, pp. 258-266.
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Al-Zubaydi, AY 2013, 'Building Models Design And Energy Simulation With Google Sketchup And Openstudio', Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering Research, vol. 3, no. 4.
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The necessity to approach the zero net building design and the improving of building thermal performance augmented the need to use the energy simulation programmes in order to estimate the building energy consumption and virtually modify the structure and the construction material. Energy Plus software from the US Department of Energy introduced a plug-in for Google SketchUp drawing software known as Open Studio, this tool can be considered as a free licences powerful simulation tool available for all engineers to estimate and modify the buildings energy consumption. In this paper we presented a step by step simulation procedure to explain the software capability and encourage the use of the tool by engineers interested in energy efficiency calculations

Amailef, K & Lu, J 2013, 'Ontology-supported case-based reasoning approach for intelligent m-Government emergency response services', DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 79-97.
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There is a critical need to develop a mobile-based emergency response system (MERS) to help reduce risks in emergency situations. Existing systems only provide short message service (SMS) notifications, and the decision support is weak, especially in man-made disaster situations. This paper presents a MERS ontology-supported case-based reasoning (OS-CBR) method, with implementation, to support emergency decision makers to effectively respond to emergencies. The advantages of the OS-CBR approach is that it builds a case retrieving process, which provides a more convenient system for decision support based on knowledge from, and solutions provided for past disaster events. The OS-CBR approach includes a set of algorithms that have been successfully implemented in four components: data acquisition; ontology; knowledge base; and reasoning; as a sub-system of the MERS framework. A set of experiments and case studies validated the OS-CBR approach and application, and demonstrate its efficiency. Copyright © 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Amarjargal, A, Jiang, Z, Tijing, LD, Park, C-H, Im, I-T & Kim, CS 2013, 'Nanosheet-based α-Fe2O3 hierarchical structure decorated with TiO2 nanospheres via a simple one-pot route: Magnetically recyclable photocatalysts', Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 580, pp. 143-147.
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Amarjargal, A, Tijing, LD, Im, I-T & Kim, CS 2013, 'Simultaneous preparation of Ag/Fe3O4 core–shell nanocomposites with enhanced magnetic moment and strong antibacterial and catalytic properties', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 226, pp. 243-254.
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In this study, core–shell Ag/Fe3O4 nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by modified co-precipitation route followed by facile hydrothermal treatment in one-pot synthesis under various (Ag(NH3)2+) ion concentrations without adding any reducing agents. A single crystal Ag core and polycrystallized Fe3O4 shell nanostructures could be obtained when high amount of AgNO3 precursor are used in the presence of Fe2+ ions source, i.e., ferrous salt alone. A mechanism leading to the formation of such morphologies was proposed and samples were characterized with several analytical techniques including field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Significant increase of saturation magnetic moment was observed for the Ag/Fe3O4 nanocomposite. The results showed enhanced magnetic moment and strong catalytic and antibacterial activities of the present Ag/Fe3O4 nanocomposite, demonstrating its importance for potential application in water treatment and biomedical application, with the ability of subsequent removal by means of an external magnetic field.

Amarjargal, A, Tijing, LD, Park, C-H, Im, I-T & Kim, CS 2013, 'Controlled assembly of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on electrospun PU nanofibrous membrane: A novel heat-generating substrate for magnetic hyperthermia application', European Polymer Journal, vol. 49, no. 12, pp. 3796-3805.
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A facile method of fabricating novel heat-generating membranes composed of electrospun polyurethane (PU) nanofibers decorated with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) is reported. Electrospinning was used to produce polymeric nanofibrous matrix, whereas polyol immersion technique allowed in situ assembly of well-dispersed Fe3O4 NPs on the nanofibrous membranes without any surfactant, and without sensitizing and stabilizing reagent. The assembly phenomena can be explained by the hydrogen-bonding interactions between the amide groups in the PU matrix and the hydroxyl groups capped on the surface of the Fe3O4 NPs. The prepared nanocomposite fibers showed acceptable magnetization value of 33.12 emu/g, after measuring the magnetic hysteresis loops using SQUID. Moreover, the inductive heating property of electrospun magnetic nanofibrous membranes under an alternating current (AC) magnetic field was investigated. We observed a progressive increase in the heating rate with the increase in the amount of magnetic Fe3O4 NPs in/on the membranes. The present electrospun magnetic nanofibrous membrane may be a potential candidate as a novel heat-generating substrate for localized hyperthermia cancer therapy. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Amarjargal, A, Tijing, LD, Ruelo, MTG, Park, C-H, Pant, HR, Vista IV, FP, Lee, DH & Kim, CS 2013, 'Inactivation of bacteria in batch suspension by fluidized ceramic tourmaline nanoparticles under oscillating radio frequency electric fields', Ceramics International, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 2141-2145.
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Here, we investigated the synergistic effect of fluidized ceramic tourmaline nanoparticles (NPs) with oscillating electric fields to the inactivation of Escherichia coli in batch suspension. Different amounts of tourmaline NPs (5–100 mg) were dispersed in bacterial suspension (50 ml) and oscillating radio frequency (RF) electric field was applied at 3 V (equivalent of 1.5 V/cm electric field strength) and at varying frequencies (100 kHz and 1 MHz). The results showed high inactivation efficiency when combining fluidized tourmaline NPs and oscillating electric fields as compared to individual treatments of electric fields or tourmaline NPs only. The results showed 2.5–5-log reduction of viable E. coli concentration depending on the tourmaline concentration, electric field frequency and solution temperature. The present method shows a lot of promise as a novel and low-cost bacterial inactivation technique for water treatment applications.

Aminian, P, Niroomand, H, Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH & Arab Esmaeili, M 2013, 'New design equations for assessment of load carrying capacity of castellated steel beams: a machine learning approach', Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 119-131.
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Anaissi, A, Kennedy, PJ, Goyal, M & Catchpoole, DR 2013, 'A balanced iterative random forest for gene selection from microarray data', BMC BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1-10.
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Background: The wealth of gene expression values being generated by high throughput microarray technologies leads to complex high dimensional datasets. Moreover, many cohorts have the problem of imbalanced classes where the number of patients belonging to each class is not the same. With this kind of dataset, biologists need to identify a small number of informative genes that can be used as biomarkers for a disease.Results: This paper introduces a Balanced Iterative Random Forest (BIRF) algorithm to select the most relevant genes for a disease from imbalanced high-throughput gene expression microarray data. Balanced iterative random forest is applied on four cancer microarray datasets: a childhood leukaemia dataset, which represents the main target of this paper, collected from The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NCI 60, a Colon dataset and a Lung cancer dataset. The results obtained by BIRF are compared to those of Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE), Multi-class SVM-RFE (MSVM-RFE), Random Forest (RF) and Naive Bayes (NB) classifiers. The results of the BIRF approach outperform these state-of-the-art methods, especially in the case of imbalanced datasets. Experiments on the childhood leukaemia dataset show that a 7% ∼ 12% better accuracy is achieved by BIRF over MSVM-RFE with the ability to predict patients in the minor class. The informative biomarkers selected by the BIRF algorithm were validated by repeating training experiments three times to see whether they are globally informative, or just selected by chance. The results show that 64% of the top genes consistently appear in the three lists, and the top 20 genes remain near the top in the other three lists.Conclusion: The designed BIRF algorithm is an appropriate choice to select genes from imbalanced high-throughput gene expression microarray data. BIRF outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, especially the ability to handle the class-imbalanced data. Moreover, the...

Anand, S, Nylk, J, Neale, SL, Dodds, C, Grant, S, Ismail, MH, Reboud, J, Cooper, JM & McGloin, D 2013, 'Aerosol droplet optical trap loading using surface acoustic wave nebulization', OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 21, no. 25, pp. 30148-30155.
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Anisur, MR, Mahfuz, MH, Kibria, MA, Saidur, R, Metselaar, IHSC & Mahlia, TMI 2013, 'Curbing global warming with phase change materials for energy storage', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 18, pp. 23-30.
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Apeh, E & Gabrys, B 2013, 'Detecting and Visualizing the Change in Classification of Customer Profiles based on Transactional Data', Evolving Systems, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 27-42.
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Customer transactions tend to change over time with changing customer behaviour patterns. Classifier models, however, are often designed to perform prediction on data which is assumed to be static. These classifier models thus deteriorate in performance over time when predicting in the context of evolving data. Robust adaptive classification models are therefore needed to detect and adjust to the kind of changes that are common in transactional data. This paper presents an investigation into using change mining to monitor the adaptive classification of customers based on their transactions through moving time windows. The classification performance of two-class decision tree ensembles built using the data binning process based on the number of items purchased was monitored over varying 3, 6, 9 and 12 months time windows. The changing class values of the customer profiles were analysed and described. Results from our experiments show that the proposed approach can be used for learning and adapting to changing customer profiles. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Aquilina, P, Chamoli, U, Parr, WCH, Clausen, PD & Wroe, S 2013, 'Finite element analysis of three patterns of internal fixation of fractures of the mandibular condyle', British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 326-331.
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Arbab, MI, Masjuki, HH, Varman, M, Kalam, MA, Imtenan, S & Sajjad, H 2013, 'Fuel properties, engine performance and emission characteristic of common biodiesels as a renewable and sustainable source of fuel', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 22, pp. 133-147.
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Ardalany, M, Fragiacomo, M, Deam, B & Crews, K 2013, 'Analytical cracking load estimation of Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) beams with holes', European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 37-48.
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Predicting the load-carrying capacity of timber beams with holes cannot be performed by usual analysis methods if the failure of the beam is governed by the crack initiation and propagation around the hole at low load levels. Predicting the cracking load is an important design issue because it corresponds to the load-carrying capacity of the timber beam before the crack propagation. One of the models that can be used for the fracture formulation is that of a beam on elastic foundation. In this model a part of the beam is assumed to follow the conditions of beam with elastic foundation which has spring stiffness equal to the fracture properties of the material in the crack surface. Based on beam on elastic foundation model, the cracking load prediction is the target of the paper. Some closed form solutions for the beam with hole are presented. The formulation has been derived for two cases of pure shear and pure bending moment. Finally a semi-empirical formulation for combination of shear and bending moment in the section is presented. The model predictions are compared with the results of an experimental program showing good correlation. The analytical model can therefore be proposed for future revisions of codes of practice such as the Eurocode 5

Arodudu, O, Voinov, A & van Duren, I 2013, 'Assessing bioenergy potential in rural areas – A NEG-EROEI approach', Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 58, pp. 350-364.
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Arsene, CTC & Gabrys, B 2013, 'Probabilistic finite element predictions of the human lower limb model in total knee replacement', Medical Engineering & Physics, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 1116-1132.
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Aryal, R, Beecham, S, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Naidu, R 2013, 'Spatial variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and equivalent toxicity in Sydney Harbour, Australia', Journal of Water and Climate Change, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 364-372.
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Harbour sediments include wash-off from different nearby catchments that have various landuse activities. In this study the spatial variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sydney Harbour was studied by analysing the sediment. The sediment was collected from 12 locations and 16 PAHs that are prioritized by the United States Environmental Protection Authority were analysed. The concentrations in the sediment were in the range of 54–23,440 ng/g of total PAHs and this varied from location to location. The result suggests that the harbour is contaminated with PAHs from low concentration to very high concentration. Among the total PAHs, approximately 75% were medium to higher molecular weight 4- and 5-ring member PAHs. A toxicity identification evaluation (TEQ) approach using a toxicity equivalency factor (TEF) was applied to assess the sediment toxicity. The TEF was found to be between 22 and 8,277 ng TEQ/g. The TEQ value indicated potential adverse ecological and human health effects in many locations.

Asadullah, M, Kabir, MS, Ahmed, MB, Razak, NA, Rasid, NSA & Aezzira, A 2013, 'Role of microporosity and surface functionality of activated carbon in methylene blue dye removal from water', KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 2228-2234.
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Ashraf, J, Hussain, OK & Hussain, FK 2013, 'A Framework for Measuring Ontology Usage on the Web', COMPUTER JOURNAL, vol. 56, no. 9, pp. 1083-1101.
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A decade-long conscious effort by the Semantic Web community has resulted in the formation of a decentralized knowledge platform which enables data interoperability at a syntactic and semantic level. For information interoperability, at a syntactic level, RDF provides the standard format for publishing data and RDFS gives structure to the information. For semantic-level interoperability, ontologies are used which allow information dissemination and assimilation among diverse applications and systems; where information is equally accessible and useful to humans and machines. The success of the linked open data project, recognition of explicit semantics (annotated through web ontologies) by search engines and the realized potential advantages of semantic data for publishers have resulted in tremendous growth in the use of web ontologies on the web. In order to promote the adoption of ontologies (to new users), reusability of adopted ontologies, effective and efficient utilization on ontological knowledge and evolving the ontological model, erudite insight on the usage of ontologies is imperative. While ontology evaluation attempts to evaluate a developed ontology to assess its fitness and quality, it does not provide any insight into how ontologies are being used and what is the state of prevalent knowledge patterns. Realizing the importance of measuring and analysing ontology usage to advance the adoption, reusability and exploitation of ontologies, we present a semantic framework for measuring and analysing ontology usage on the Web on empirical grounding. Our methodological approach is discussed to highlight the detail and role of each step. A framework is presented along with the set of metrics developed to measure ontology usage from different aspects such as ontology richness, usage and incentives to provide a holistic view on the state of ontology usage. The framework is then evaluated using an important use-case scenario to identify the prevalent knowledge ...

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2013, 'Creep and Shrinkage of Self-Compacting Concrete with and without Fibers', JOURNAL OF ADVANCED CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 251-265.
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Fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete (FRSCC) is a high-performance building material that combines positive aspects of fresh properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with improved characteristics of hardened concrete as a result of fiber addition. Considering these properties, the application ranges of both FRSCC and SCC can be covered. To produce SCC, either the constituent materials or the corresponding mix proportions may notably differ from the conventional concrete (CC). These modifications besides enhance the concrete fresh properties affect the hardened properties of the concrete including creep and shrinkage. Therefore, it is vital to investigate whether all the assumed hypotheses about conventional concrete are also valid for SCC structures. In the present paper, a numerical and experimental study about creep and shrinkage behavior of FRSCC and SCC is performed. Two new creep and shrinkage prediction models based on the comprehensive analysis on the available models of both CC and SCC are proposed for FRSCC and SCC structures. In order to evaluate the predictability of the proposed models, an experimental program was carried out. For this purpose, four SCC mixes - plain SCC, steel, polypropylene, and hybrid FRSCC - are considered in the test program. Several specimens were loaded and deformation in non-loaded specimens was also measured to assess shrinkage. All specimens were kept under constant stress during at least 364 days in a climatic chamber with temperature and relative humidity of 22°C and 50%, respectively. Results showed that the new models were able to predict deformations with good accuracy, although providing deformations slight overestimated. Copyright © 2013 Japan Concrete Institute.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2013, 'Mechanical characteristics of self-compacting concrete with and without fibres', MAGAZINE OF CONCRETE RESEARCH, vol. 65, no. 10, pp. 608-622.
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Fibre-reinforced self-compacting concrete (FRSCC) is a high-performance building material that combines positive aspects of fresh properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with improved characteristics of hardened concrete as a result of fibre addition. Considering these properties, the application ranges of both FRSCC and SCC can be covered. A test program is carried out to develop information about the mechanical properties of FRSCC. For this purpose, four SCC mixes - plain SCC, steel, polypropylene and hybrid FRSCC - Are considered in the test program. The properties include compressive and splitting tensile strengths, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and compressive stress-strain curve. These properties are tested at 3, 7, 14, 28, 56 and 91 days. Relationships are established to predict the compressive and splitting tensile strengths, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and compressive stress-strain curve. The models provide predictions matching the measurements.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2013, 'Self-compacting concrete incorporating steel and polypropylene fibers: Compressive and tensile strengths, moduli of elasticity and rupture, compressive stress-strain curve, and energy dissipated under compression', COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 121-133.
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Fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete (FRSCC) is a high-performance building material that combines positive aspects of fresh properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with improved characteristics of hardened concrete as a result of fiber addition. Considering these properties, the application ranges of both FRSCC and SCC can be covered. A test program is carried out to develop information about the mechanical properties of FRSCC. For this purpose, four SCC mixes - plain SCC, steel, polypropylene, and hybrid FRSCC - are considered in the test program. The properties include compressive and splitting tensile strengths, moduli of elasticity and rupture, compressive stress-strain curve, and energy dissipated under compression. These properties are tested at 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 91 days. Relationships are established to predict the compressive and splitting tensile strengths, moduli of elasticity and rupture, compressive stress-strain curve, and energy dissipated under compression. The models provide predictions matching the measurements. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Asrul, M, Zulkifli, NWM, Masjuki, HH & Kalam, MA 2013, 'Tribological Properties and Lubricant Mechanism of Nanoparticle in Engine Oil', Procedia Engineering, vol. 68, pp. 320-325.
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Atabani, AE, Badruddin, IA, Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH, Mofijur, M, Lee, KT & Chong, WT 2013, 'Fuel Properties of Croton megalocarpus, Calophyllum inophyllum, and Cocos nucifera (coconut) Methyl Esters and their Performance in a Multicylinder Diesel Engine', Energy Technology, vol. 1, no. 11, pp. 685-694.
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AbstractBiodiesel has been considered recently as a viable alternative to fossil diesel fuels. This study aims to evaluate the potential of biodiesel production from Croton megalocarpus oil and compared it with coconut (Cocos nucifera) and Calophyllum inophyllum methyl esters. The study presents the physical and chemical properties of Croton megalocarpus, Calophyllum inophyllum and coconut methyl esters (CMME, CIME, and COME) together with their 10 and 20 % blends by volume (B10 and B20). This is followed by evaluating their blends in a multicylinder Mitsubishi Pajero diesel engine. It has been found that the properties of all biodiesel and their blends are comparable with ASTM D6751 and ASTM D7467 standards, respectively. Over the entire range of speed, it was found that the B10 and B20 blends of CMME, CIME, and COME result in average reduction in torque and brake power (BP) along with increased brake‐specific fuel consumption (BSFC) compared to pure diesel fuel. With respect to engine emissions, the fuel blends resulted in an average reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. However, the CMME and COME blends resulted in increased emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO) whereas CIME emits lower NO compared to pure diesel. It is concluded that B10 and B20 biodiesel blends can be used as diesel fuel substitutes without additional modifications.

Atabani, AE, Mahlia, TMI, Anjum Badruddin, I, Masjuki, HH, Chong, WT & Lee, KT 2013, 'Investigation of physical and chemical properties of potential edible and non-edible feedstocks for biodiesel production, a comparative analysis', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 21, pp. 749-755.
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Atabani, AE, Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH, Badruddin, IA, Yussof, HW, Chong, WT & Lee, KT 2013, 'A comparative evaluation of physical and chemical properties of biodiesel synthesized from edible and non-edible oils and study on the effect of biodiesel blending', Energy, vol. 58, pp. 296-304.
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Atabani, AE, Silitonga, AS, Ong, HC, Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH, Badruddin, IA & Fayaz, H 2013, 'Non-edible vegetable oils: A critical evaluation of oil extraction, fatty acid compositions, biodiesel production, characteristics, engine performance and emissions production', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 18, pp. 211-245.
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Awad, R, Chambers, J & Jupp, JR 2013, 'Volunteer Tourism and Architecture Students: What motivates and can best prepare them?', Journal of Pedagogic Development, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 6-12.
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This paper explores student attitudes toward volunteering in the context of university-led building development programs, raising questions about the practice of volunteering and its contribution to community development. Focusing on students undertaking tertiary education in Western countries, this literature based study firstly explores the perceptions and motivations behind volunteering, and secondly discusses its developmental impact on low-income communities.

Azadeh, A, Jiryaei Sharahi, Z, Ashjari, B & Saberi, M 2013, 'A flexible intelligent algorithm for identification of optimum mix of demographic variables for integrated HSEE-ISO systems: The case of a gas transmission refinery', Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 1159-1182.
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Azadeh, A, Rouzbahman, M, Saberi, M, Valianpour, F & Keramati, A 2013, 'Improved prediction of mental workload versus HSE and ergonomics factors by an adaptive intelligent algorithm', Safety Science, vol. 58, pp. 59-75.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M & Gitiforouz, A 2013, 'An integrated fuzzy mathematical model and principal component analysis algorithm for forecasting uncertain trends of electricity consumption', Quality & Quantity, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 2163-2176.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Asadzadeh, SM & Anvarian, N 2013, 'An Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System-Data Envelopment Analysis Algorithm for Optimization of Long-Term Electricity Consumption, Forecasting and Policy Analysis: The Case of Seven Industrialized Countries', Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 56-66.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Asadzadeh, SM, Hussain, OK & Saberi, Z 2013, 'A neuro-fuzzy-multivariate algorithm for accurate gas consumption estimation in South America with noisy inputs', International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 46, pp. 315-325.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Kazem, A, Ebrahimipour, V, Nourmohammadzadeh, A & Saberi, Z 2013, 'A flexible algorithm for fault diagnosis in a centrifugal pump with corrupted data and noise based on ANN and support vector machine with hyper-parameters optimization', Applied Soft Computing, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1478-1485.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Rouzbahman, M & Saberi, Z 2013, 'An intelligent algorithm for performance evaluation of job stress and HSE factors in petrochemical plants with noise and uncertainty', Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 140-152.
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Azadeh, A, Sheikhalishahi, M, Asadzadeh, SM, Saberi, M & Neghab, AEP 2013, 'Forecasting and optimization of service level in vague and complex SCM by a flexible neural network–fuzzy mathematical programming approach', The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 68, no. 5-8, pp. 1453-1470.
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Azadeh, A, Sheikhalishahi, M, Saberi, M & Mostaghimi, MH 2013, 'An intelligent multivariate approach for optimum forecasting of daily ozone concentration in large metropolitans with incomplete inputs', International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 209-209.
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Previous studies show that it is quite necessary to accurately analyse and forecast ozone level especially in complex and large urban regions with incomplete inputs. Also, there is a need for more precise and efficient models to determine effective warning policies with respect to ozone concentration level in large cities. This study presents a flexible and adaptive approach to overcome the above issues. Moreover, an adaptive approach based on artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system (ANFIS) and conventional regression for forecasting of daily ozone levels is developed and discussed. The preferred model is selected via mean absolute percentage of error (MAPE). The proposed model is applied to one of the most polluted and populated cities in the world. Five pollutants and four meteorological variables are considered as inputs and ozone level is considered as output. The results show the flexibility of the proposed approach. The superiority and applicability of the proposed approach over previous models are also shown and discussed in this paper.Copyright © 2013 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Aziz, T, Hossain, MJ, Saha, TK & Mithulananthan, N 2013, 'VAR Planning With Tuning of STATCOM in a DG Integrated Industrial System', IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 875-885.
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Babanajad, SK, Gandomi, AH, Mohammadzadeh S., D & Alavi, AH 2013, 'Numerical modeling of concrete strength under multiaxial confinement pressures using linear genetic programming', Automation in Construction, vol. 36, pp. 136-144.
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Bagheri, M, Gandomi, AH, Bagheri, M & Shahbaznezhad, M 2013, 'Multi‐expression programming based model for prediction of formation enthalpies of nitro‐energetic materials', Expert Systems, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 66-78.
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AbstractThere has been considerable interest in predicting the properties of nitro‐energetic materials to improve their performance. Not to mention insightful physical knowledge, computational‐aided molecular studies can expedite the synthesis of novel energetic materials through cost reduction labours and risky experimental tests. In this paper, quantitative structure–property relationship based on multi‐expression programming employed to correlate the formation enthalpies of frequently used nitro‐energetic materials with their molecular properties. The simple yet accurate obtained model is able to correlate the formation enthalpies of nitro‐energetic materials to their molecular structure with the accuracy comparable to experimental precision.

Banasiak, L, Indraratna, B, Regmi, G, Golab, A & Lugg, G 2013, 'Characterisation and assessment of recycled concrete aggregates used in a permeable reactive barrier for the treatment of acidic groundwater', Geomechanics and Geoengineering, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 155-166.
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The acidification of coastal waterways because of acid sulphate soil is an environmental, economic and social problem within Australia. A pilot-scale permeable reactive barrier (PRB), using recycled concrete aggregates as reactive material, was installed in low-lying acid sulphate soil terrain for acidic groundwater remediation. Column experiments were previously undertaken with synthetic groundwater to ascertain the dominant reactions occurring within the PRB. Results showed that armouring of the reactive material surface by precipitated Al- and Fe-bearing minerals significantly reduced its acid neutralisation capacity (ANC). The purpose of this current study was to validate this decline in ANC through characterisation of the virgin and armoured concrete aggregates, and precipitates that formed on the concrete. Samples of concrete aggregates and precipitates were analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy-Energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT). The conclusions drawn from these analyses are that Al-bearing (gibbsite 14.3%, boehmite 10.9%) and Fe-bearing (goethite 38.2%) mineral precipitates of diverse morphology form as a thin layer coating the aggregate surfaces. A reduction of CaO in the armoured concrete aggregates by 47% correlates with the reduction in ANC of the virgin concrete by 50% due to armouring. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Baran, TA & Oppenheim, AV 2013, 'A derivation of the recursive solution to the autocorrelation normal equations [Lecture Notes]', IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 142-144.
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This paper generalizes Bell's 'basic' second order sequences and Lucas' 'fundamental' and 'primordial' second order sequences in order to develop some properties of two classic arbitrary order generalizations of the sequences of Fibonacci and Lucas. An e

Bastidas-Arteaga, E, Schoefs, F, Stewart, MG & Wang, X 2013, 'Influence of global warming on durability of corroding RC structures: A probabilistic approach', Engineering Structures, vol. 51, pp. 259-266.
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Chloride ingress and carbonation cause corrosion of reinforced concrete (RC) structures affecting its operational life. Experimental evidence indicates that these deterioration processes are highly influenced by CO2 emissions and climatic conditions in the surrounding environment - i.e., temperature, humidity, etc. Since studies on global warming announce changes in climate, the impact of changing climate on RC durability should also be considered. This paper links RC deterioration mechanisms to CO2 emissions and global warming. Based on various studies on climate change, models for estimating the effect of CO2 emissions and temperature/humidity changes due to global warming are described. Furthermore, various scenarios of global warming that can be used to assess the effect of climate change in structural reliability are proposed. The proposed approach is then illustrated with a numerical example that calculates the probability of failure of a RC bridge beam for future climate scenarios. The paper then outlines some adaptation strategies, particularly focusing on the needs for risk-based selection of optimal adaptation measures. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Beck, D, Thoms, JAI, Perera, D, Schütte, J, Unnikrishnan, A, Knezevic, K, Kinston, SJ, Wilson, NK, O’Brien, TA, Göttgens, B, Wong, JWH & Pimanda, JE 2013, 'Genome-wide analysis of transcriptional regulators in human HSPCs reveals a densely interconnected network of coding and noncoding genes', Blood, vol. 122, no. 14, pp. e12-e22.
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Key Points Genome-wide binding profiles of FLI1, ERG, GATA2, RUNX1, SCL, LMO2, and LYL1 in human HSPCs reveals patterns of combinatorial TF binding. Integrative analysis of transcription factor binding reveals a densely interconnected network of coding and noncoding genes in human HSPCs.

Bedi, JS, Lester, DW, Fang, YX, Turner, JFC, Zhou, J, Alfadul, SM, Perry, C & Chen, Q 2013, 'Electrospinning of poly(methyl methacrylate) nanofibers in a pump-free process', Journal of Polymer Engineering, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 453-461.
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AbstractThe effects of processing parameters, including solution concentration, viscosity, nozzle diameter, voltage bias and the nozzle to collector distance, on the morphology and diameters of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fibers have been systematically investigated, using a unique pump-free electrospinning method. For PMMA solution concentrations less than the critical entanglement concentration, ce, prolate spheroid-shaped droplets or beads with fibers were formed, whereas at concentrations above ce, good quality bead-free fibers were formed. Quantitative analysis revealed a linear dependence between the solution viscosity and fiber diameter. Larger fiber diameters were achieved by increasing the nozzle diameter and voltage bias. Increasing the bias voltage has the additional effect of broadening the diameter distribution, as a result of splaying and splitting. By contrast, when the strength of the electrical field was reduced by increasing the distance between the nozzle and collector, the overall fiber diameter was reduced.

BEHBOOD, V, LU, JIE & ZHANG, G 2013, 'FUZZY BRIDGED REFINEMENT DOMAIN ADAPTATION: LONG-TERM BANK FAILURE PREDICTION', International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, vol. 12, no. 01, pp. 1350003-1350003.
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Machine learning methods, such as neural network (NN) and support vector machine, assume that the training data and the test data are drawn from the same distribution. This assumption may not be satisfied in many real world applications, like long-term financial failure prediction, because the training and test data may each come from different time periods or domains. This paper proposes a novel algorithm known as fuzzy bridged refinement-based domain adaptation to solve the problem of long-term prediction. The algorithm utilizes the fuzzy system and similarity concepts to modify the target instances' labels which were initially predicted by a shift-unaware prediction model. The experiments are performed using three shift-unaware prediction models based on nine different settings including two main situations: (1) there is no labeled instance in the target domain; (2) there are a few labeled instances in the target domain. In these experiments bank failure financial data is used to validate the algorithm. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in the predictive accuracy, particularly in the second situation identified above.

Behl, B, Papageorgiou, I, Brown, C, Hall, R, Tipper, JL, Fisher, J & Ingham, E 2013, 'Biological effects of cobalt-chromium nanoparticles and ions on dural fibroblasts and dural epithelial cells', Biomaterials, vol. 34, no. 14, pp. 3547-3558.
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Belles-Sampera, J, Merigó, JM & Santolino, M 2013, 'Some New Definitions of Indicators for the Choquet Integral', AGGREGATION FUNCTIONS IN THEORY AND IN PRACTISE, vol. 228, pp. 467-476.
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Belles-Sampera, J, Merigó, JM, Guillén, M & Santolino, M 2013, 'The connection between distortion risk measures and ordered weighted averaging operators', Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 411-420.
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Benesch, N, Hartung, J, Schallow, J, Deuse, J & Ferstl, H 2013, 'Unternehmenskooperationen in der Digitalen Fabrik', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 108, no. 5, pp. 295-299.
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Kurzfassung Mit zunehmender Etablierung von Unternehmenskooperationen steigt auch die Forderung nach einer effizienten Produktionsplanung in den entstehenden Netzwerken. Eine strukturierte Kooperation im Bereich der Digitalen Fabrik, wie etwa die Produktionsplanung, ist ein wesentlicher Erfolgsfaktor, stellt jedoch Unternehmen derzeit noch vor große Herausforderungen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt ein Konzept zur Integration der verteilten Produktionsplanung in Unternehmenskooperation im Rahmen der Digitalen Fabrik vor.

Bennett, ND, Croke, BFW, Guariso, G, Guillaume, JHA, Hamilton, SH, Jakeman, AJ, Marsili-Libelli, S, Newham, LTH, Norton, JP, Perrin, C, Pierce, SA, Robson, B, Seppelt, R, Voinov, AA, Fath, BD & Andreassian, V 2013, 'Characterising performance of environmental models', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 40, pp. 1-20.
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Bharathy, G & Silverman, BG 2013, 'Holistically evaluating agent-based social systems models: a case study.', Simul., vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 102-135.
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The philosophical perspectives on model evaluation can be broadly classified into reductionist/logical positivist and relativist/holistic. In this paper, we outline some of our past efforts in, and challenges faced during, evaluating models of social systems with cognitively detailed agents. Owing to richness in the model, we argue that the holistic approach and consequent continuous improvement are essential to evaluating complex social system models such as these. A social system built primarily of cognitively detailed agents can provide multiple levels of correspondence, both at observable and abstract aggregated levels. Such a system can also pose several challenges, including large feature spaces, issues in information elicitation with database, experts and news feeds, counterfactuals, fragmented theoretical base, and limited funding for validation. We subscribe to the view that no model can faithfully represent reality, but detailed, descriptive models are useful in learning about the system and bringing about a qualitative jump in understanding of the system it attempts to model – provided they are properly validated. Our own approach to model evaluation is to consider the entire life cycle and assess the validity under two broad dimensions of (1) internally focused validity/quality achieved through structural, methodological, and ontological evaluations; and (2) external validity consisting of micro validity, macro validity, and qualitative, causal and narrative validity. In this paper, we also elaborate on selected validation techniques that we have employed in the past. We recommend a triangulation of multiple validation techniques, including methodological soundness, qualitative validation techniques, such as face validation by experts and narrative validation, and formal validation tests, including correspondence testing.

Billa, L & Pradhan, B 2013, 'GIS modeling for selection of a transfer station site for residential solid waste separation and recycling', Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 487-498.
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In this study a GIS model was developed and spatial analytical techniques performed to identify and select a suitable location for a waste transfer station in the sprawling suburban town of Petaling Jaya. The lack of a transfer station in urban centres of Malaysia has caused many problems and affects the efficiency of waste collection and disposal. With diminishing space for landfills and the increasing cost of solid waste management, the need for urban solid-waste recycling has become very important. However, finding a place for waste to be efficiently sorted before unwanted waste can be carried to disposal landfills has social and physical constraints. This study applies GIS techniques and analysis for site selection and identifies an acceptable area. In the model, environmental, physical and social constraints were taken into account, resulting in the selection of a potential area that is acceptable to the residents of the area because it is out of range of causing public nuisance and within minimum travelling distance for collection vehicles. The results show that the potential location for the transfer station should be in proximity of the industrial area of Petaling Jaya, allowing for the possible sale of recyclable materials to local industries. The location is also sited near a major highway to allow quick transportation of the rest of the unwanted waste to the landfill. © 2013 Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.

Biro, K, Pradhan, B, Buchroithner, M & Makeschin, F 2013, 'LAND USE/LAND COVER CHANGE ANALYSIS AND ITS IMPACT ON SOIL PROPERTIES IN THE NORTHERN PART OF GADARIF REGION, SUDAN', Land Degradation & Development, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 90-102.
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ABSTRACTSeveral decades of intensive dry land farming in the Gadarif region, located in the Eastern part of Sudan, has led to rapid land use/land cover (LULC) changes mainly due to agricultural expansion, government policies and environmental calamities such as drought. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyse and monitor the LULC changes using multi‐temporal Landsat data for the years 1979, 1989 and 1999 and ASTER data for the year 2009. In addition, efforts were made to discuss the impact of LULC changes on the selected soil properties. For this, a post‐classification comparison technique was used to detect LULC changes from satellite images. Primarily, three main LULC types were selected to investigate the properties of soil, namely, cultivated land, fallow land and woodland. Moreover, soil samples were also collected at two depths of surface soil from ten sample plots for each of the LULC type. For these soil samples, various soil properties such as texture, bulk density, organic matter, soil pH, electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, phosphorous and potassium were analysed. The results showed that a significant and extensive change of LULC patterns has occurred in the last three decades in the study area. Further, laboratory tests revealed that soil properties were significantly affected by these LULC changes. The change of the physical and chemical properties of the soil may have attributed to the changes in the LULC resulting in land degradation, which in turn has led to a decline in soil productivity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Biro, K, Pradhan, B, Sulieman, H & Buchroithner, M 2013, 'Exploitation of TerraSAR-X Data for Land use/Land Cover Analysis Using Object-Oriented Classification Approach in the African Sahel Area, Sudan', Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 539-553.
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Bjarnadottir, S, Li, Y & Stewart, MG 2013, 'Hurricane Risk Assessment of Power Distribution Poles Considering Impacts of a Changing Climate', Journal of Infrastructure Systems, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 12-24.
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Storm-related power outages cause approximately $270 million per year in repair costs in the United States. As a result of increasing sea surface temperatures caused by the changing climate, hurricane patterns (i.e., intensity/frequency) may change; however, there is much uncertainty as to how climate change may affect hurricane patterns. Implications of the changing hazard patterns on hurricane risk warrants an investigation to evaluate the potential impact of climate change on power distribution pole failure. This paper proposes a probabilistic framework to evaluate the vulnerability of power distribution poles to hurricanes under the potential impact of a changing climate. Two methods for the design of distribution poles in the United States, the National Electric Safety Code method and the ASCE method, are considered to investigate the difference of the vulnerability of a distribution pole subjected to hurricane hazard. The framework includes a reliability analysis of the designed power distribution poles using fragility analysis, the effects of degradation of timber poles, probabilistic wind models, and an assessment of the potential impacts of climate change on the annual failure probability of power distribution poles. This paper finds that climate change may have a significant effect on the structural failure probabilities of distribution poles. The age of the poles has a significant impact on the reliability of power distribution poles, which warrants the exploration of cost-effective methods to determine when a distribution pole should be replaced to ensure adequate strength to withstand wind loads. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Blamires, SJ & Spencer, R-J 2013, 'Influence of Habitat and Predation on Population Dynamics of the Freshwater TurtleMyuchelys georgesi', Herpetologica, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 46-57.
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Blamires, SJ, Hou, C, Chen, L-F, Liao, C-P & Tso, I-M 2013, 'Three-dimensional barricading of a predatory trap reduces predation and enhances prey capture', Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 709-714.
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Blamires, SJ, Wu, C-C, Wu, C-L, Sheu, H-S & Tso, I-M 2013, 'Uncovering Spider Silk Nanocrystalline Variations That Facilitate Wind-Induced Mechanical Property Changes', Biomacromolecules, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 3484-3490.
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Blooma, MJ, Kurian, JC, Chua, AYK, Goh, DHL & Lien, NH 2013, 'Social question answering: Analyzing knowledge, cognitive processes and social dimensions of micro-collaborations', Computers & Education, vol. 69, pp. 109-120.
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Bohnen, F, Buhl, M & Deuse, J 2013, 'Systematic procedure for leveling of low volume and high mix production', CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 53-58.
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The application of conventional leveling approaches is limited to large scale production. This paper presents a systematic procedure for leveling of low volume and high mix production. It employs clustering techniques to group product types into product families. After that, a family-based leveling pattern is created which describes a repetitive sequence of capacity slots considering all families. According to the leveling pattern, each family is manufactured within a periodic interval. The paper provides a brief overview of the systematic procedure. It focuses on the creation of the leveling pattern using operations research methods and presents a real life application. © 2012 CIRP.

Boomer, KMB, Weller, DE, Jordan, TE, Linker, L, Liu, Z, Reilly, J, Shenk, G & Voinov, AA 2013, 'Using Multiple Watershed Models to Predict Water, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Discharges to the Patuxent Estuary¹', JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 15-39.
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Boomer, Kathleen M.B., Donald E. Weller, Thomas E. Jordan, Lewis Linker, Zhi‐Jun Liu, James Reilly, Gary Shenk, and Alexey A. Voinov, 2012. Using Multiple Watershed Models to Predict Water, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Discharges to the Patuxent Estuary. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐25. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00689.xAbstract:  We analyzed an ensemble of watershed models that predict flow, nitrogen, and phosphorus discharges. The models differed in scope and complexity and used different input data, but all had been applied to evaluate human impacts on discharges to the Patuxent River or to the Chesapeake Bay. We compared predictions to observations of average annual, annual time series, and monthly discharge leaving three basins. No model consistently matched observed discharges better than the others, and predictions differed as much as 150% for every basin. Models that agreed best with the observations in one basin often were among the worst models for another material or basin. Combining model predictions into a model average improved overall reliability in matching observations, and the range of predictions helped describe uncertainty. The model average was not the closest to the observed discharge for every material, basin, and time frame, but the model average had the highest Nash–Sutcliffe performance across all combinations. Consistently poor performance in predicting phosphorus loads suggests that none of the models capture major controls. Differences among model predictions came from differences in model structures, input data, and the time period considered, and also to errors in the observed discharge. Ensemble watershed modeling helped identify research needs and quantify the uncertainties that should be considered when using the models in management decisions.

Borzeshi, EZ, Perez Concha, O, Xu, RYD & Piccardi, M 2013, 'Joint Action Segmentation and Classification by an Extended Hidden Markov Model', IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 1207-1210.
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Hidden Markov models (HMMs) provide joint segmentation and classification of sequential data by efficient inference algorithms and have therefore been employed in fields as diverse as speech recognition, document processing, and genomics. However, conventional HMMs do not suit action segmentation in video due to the nature of the measurements which are often irregular in space and time, high dimensional and affected by outliers. For this reason, in this paper we present a joint action segmentation and classification approach based on an extended model: the hidden Markov model for multiple, irregular observations (HMM-MIO). Experiments performed over a concatenated version of the popular KTH action dataset and the challenging CMU multi-modal activity dataset (CMU-MMAC) report accuracies comparable to or higher than those of a bag-of-features approach, showing the usefulness of improved sequential models for joint action segmentation and classification tasks. © 1994-2012 IEEE.

Bressan, N, James, A, Lecce, L & McGregor, C 2013, 'Cardiorespiratory physiological data as an indicator of fentanyl pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in critically ill newborn infants: A case report', Journal of Critical Care, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. e30-e31.
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Brun, TA, Hsieh, M-H & Perry, C 2013, 'Compatibility of state assignments and pooling of information', Phys. Rev. A, vol. 92, no. 1, p. 012107.
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We say that two (or more) state assignments for one and the same quantumsystem are compatible if they could represent the assignments of observers withdiffering information about the system. A criterion for compatibility wasproposed in [Phys. Rev. A 65, 032315 (2002)]; however, this leaves unansweredthe question of whether there are degrees of compatibility which could berepresented by some quantitative measure, and whether there is astraightforward procedure whereby the observers can pool their information toarrive at a unique joint state assignment. We argue that such measures are onlysensible given some assumption about what kind of information was used inmaking the state assignments in the first place, and that in general stateassignments do not represent all of the information possessed by the observers.However, we examine one particular measure, and show that it has astraightforward interpretation, assuming that the information was acquired froma particular type of measurement, and that in this case there is a natural rulefor pooling information. We extend this measure to compatibility of states fork observers, and show that the value is the solution to a semidefinite program.Similar compatibility measures can be defined for alternative notions of statecompatibility, including Post-Peierls (PP) and Equal Support (ES)compatibility.

Brunner, C, Peynot, T, Vidal‐Calleja, T & Underwood, J 2013, 'Selective Combination of Visual and Thermal Imaging for Resilient Localization in Adverse Conditions: Day and Night, Smoke and Fire', Journal of Field Robotics, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 641-666.
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Long‐term autonomy in robotics requires perception systems that are resilient to unusual but realistic conditions that will eventually occur during extended missions. For example, unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) need to be capable of operating safely in adverse and low‐visibility conditions, such as at night or in the presence of smoke. The key to a resilient UGV perception system lies in the use of multiple sensor modalities, e.g., operating at different frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum, to compensate for the limitations of a single sensor type. In this paper, visual and infrared imaging are combined in a Visual‐SLAM algorithm to achieve localization. We propose to evaluate the quality of data provided by each sensor modality prior to data combination. This evaluation is used to discard low‐quality data, i.e., data most likely to induce large localization errors. In this way, perceptual failures are anticipated and mitigated. An extensive experimental evaluation is conducted on data sets collected with a UGV in a range of environments and adverse conditions, including the presence of smoke (obstructing the visual camera), fire, extreme heat (saturating the infrared camera), low‐light conditions (dusk), and at night with sudden variations of artificial light. A total of 240 trajectory estimates are obtained using five different variations of data sources and data combination strategies in the localization method. In particular, the proposed approach for selective data combination is compared to methods using a single sensor type or combining both modalities without preselection. We show that the proposed framework allows for camera‐based localization resilient to a large range of low‐visibility conditions.

Bu, GP, Son, JB, Lee, JH, Guan, H, Blumenstein, M & Loo, YC 2013, 'Typical deterministic and stochastic bridge deterioration modelling incorporating backward prediction model', Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 141-152.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013. A backward prediction model (BPM) has been developed to generate the missing bridge condition ratings in past years, thereby ensuring adequate condition data as required in long-term performance modelling. The BPM establishes a correlation between the known condition ratings and the non-bridge factors, including climate condition, traffic volume and population growth. The aim of this study is to confirm the ability of BPM in improving the prediction accuracy using the existing bridge deterioration models. The prediction accuracies of typical deterministic and stochastic bridge deterioration models are compared when different sets of BPM-generated historical condition ratings are used as input. Comparisons indicate that the prediction error decreases as more historical condition ratings are made available. Notwithstanding the above findings, several limitations of the current deterministic and stochastic bridge deterioration models are also worth noting and further research is essential to improve the prediction accuracy of bridge deterioration modelling.

Budka, M & Gabrys, B 2013, 'Density-Preserving Sampling: Robust and Efficient Alternative to Cross-Validation for Error Estimation', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 22-34.
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Budka, M, Juszczyszyn, K, Musial, K & Musial, A 2013, 'Molecular model of dynamic social network based on e-mail communication', Social Network Analysis and Mining, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 543-563.
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In this work we consider an application of physically inspired sociodynamical model to the modelling of the evolution of email-based social network. Contrary to the standard approach of sociodynamics, which assumes expressing of system dynamics with heuristically defined simple rules, we postulate the inference of these rules from the real data and their application within a dynamic molecular model. We present how to embed the n-dimensional social space in Euclidean one. Then, inspired by the Lennard-Jones potential, we define a data-driven social potential function and apply the resultant force to a real e-mail communication network in a course of a molecular simulation, with network nodes taking on the role of interacting particles. We discuss all steps of the modelling process, from data preparation, through embedding and the molecular simulation itself, to transformation from the embedding space back to a graph structure. The conclusions, drawn from examining the resultant networks in stable, minimum-energy states, emphasize the role of the embedding process projecting the non–metric social graph into the Euclidean space, the significance of the unavoidable loss of information connected with this procedure and the resultant preservation of global rather than local properties of the initial network. We also argue applicability of our method to some classes of problems, while also signalling the areas which require further research in order to expand this applicability domain.

Burdon, S, Kilidar, HA & Mooney, G 2013, 'Evaluating an organisation's cultural readiness for innovation', International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 572-572.
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Innovation is often identified as a major driver of organisational growth in free market economies. However, just as often, there is lack of understanding on how best to enable the desired innovation outcomes. This paper addresses assessment of the internal culture of a large commercial engineering company seeking to enhance its ability to build, promote and sustain competitive advantage within its market. The paper's objective is to describe a framework that was designed and tested within the enterprise. The framework identifies and tracks cultural prerequisites underpinning employees' creative activities and how these align with the organisation's readiness to enact innovative outcomes. The findings confirm that many of the prerequisites for developing and progressing new ideas are socially dependent. In addition, efforts to innovate can easily be dissipated and derailed unless the prevailing organisation culture actively encourages interaction of staff and provides tuned and visible practices to easily capture, assess, reward and action new ideas produced by that interaction. Copyright © 2013 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Cagno, E & Trianni, A 2013, 'Exploring drivers for energy efficiency within small- and medium-sized enterprises: First evidences from Italian manufacturing enterprises', Applied Energy, vol. 104, pp. 276-285.
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Cagno, E, Worrell, E, Trianni, A & Pugliese, G 2013, 'A novel approach for barriers to industrial energy efficiency', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 19, pp. 290-308.
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Cai, B, Huang, S, Liu, D, Yuan, S, Dissanayake, G, Lau, H & Pagac, D 2013, 'Multiobjective Optimization for Autonomous Straddle Carrier Scheduling at Automated Container Terminals', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 711-725.
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A multiobjective optimization model is presented in this paper for the Autonomous Straddle Carriers Scheduling (ASCS) problem in automated container terminals, which is more practical than the single objective model. The model considers three objectives [ i.e., Straddle Carriers (SCs) traveling time, SC waiting time and finishing time of high-priority container-transferring jobs], and their weighted sum is investigated as the representative example. The presented model is formulated as a pickup and delivery problem with time windows in the form of binary integer programming. An exact algorithm based on Branch-and-Bound with Column Generation (BBCG) is employed for solving the multiobjective ASCS problem. Based on the map of an actual fully automated container terminal, simulation results are compared with the single-objective scheduling to demonstrate the effectiveness and flexibility of the presented multiobjective model, as well as the efficacy of the BBCG algorithm for autonomous SC scheduling. © 2012 IEEE.

Cai, C, Wang, Y & Geers, G 2013, 'Vehicle‐to‐infrastructure communication‐based adaptive traffic signal control', IET Intelligent Transport Systems, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 351-360.
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Cai, K, Qin, QH, Luo, Z & Zhang, AJ 2013, 'Robust topology optimisation of bi-modulus structures', Computer-Aided Design, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 1159-1169.
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This study proposes a robust topology optimisation method for the design of bi-modulus structures under uncertain multiple loading conditions (MLC). The objective of the design optimisation is to minimise the standard deviation of the weighted structural compliance. The gradient-based method is applied to perform a sensitivity analysis for the identification of optimal design variables. A material replacement method is used to overcome difficulty in the sensitivity analysis due to the stress-dependent behaviour of the original bi-modulus material. In the material replacement operation, two new isotropic materials are identified to replace the original bi-modulus material according to its two moduli. To reduce the side effects of the material replacement operation on the final design, the local stiffness is modified in terms of the stress state. Typical numerical examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method to the final design, including the load uncertainty on the optimal bi-modulus layout, as well as other factors, such as loading direction and the ratio between the two moduli of the bi-modulus material. The comparison between layouts of isotropic and bi-modulus materials also shows that the final bi-modulus material distribution is sensitive to loading directions in practical designs.

Callow, D, Lee, J, Blumenstein, M, Guan, H & Loo, Y-C 2013, 'Development of hybrid optimisation method for Artificial Intelligence based bridge deterioration model — Feasibility study', Automation in Construction, vol. 31, pp. 83-91.
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Cao, L 2013, 'Combined mining: Analyzing object and pattern relations for discovering and constructing complex yet actionable patterns', WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 140-155.
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AbstractCombined mining is a technique for analyzing object relations and pattern relations, and for extracting and constructing actionable knowledge (patterns or exceptions). Although combined patterns can be built within a single method, such as combined sequential patterns by aggregating relevant frequent sequences, this knowledge is composed of multiple constituent components (the left hand side) from multiple data sources, which are represented by different feature spaces, or identified by diverse modeling methods. In some cases, this knowledge is also associated with certain impacts (influence, action, or conclusion, on the right hand side). This paper presents an abstract high‐level picture of combined mining and the combined patterns from the perspective of object and pattern relation analysis. Several fundamental aspects of combined pattern mining are discussed, including feature interaction, pattern interaction, pattern dynamics, pattern impact, pattern relation, pattern structure, pattern paradigm, pattern formation criteria, and pattern presentation (in terms of pattern ontology and pattern dynamic charts). We also briefly illustrate the concepts and discuss how they can be applied to mining complex data for complex knowledge in either a multifeature, multisource, or multimethod scenario. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > Ensemble Methods

Cao, L, Yu, PS, Motoda, H & Williams, G 2013, 'Special issue on behavior computing', Knowledge and Information Systems, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 245-249.
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Cao, X, Wang, J, Wang, Z, Du, J, Yuan, X, Huang, W, Meng, J, Gu, H, Nie, Y, Ji, B, Hu, S & Zheng, Z 2013, 'MicroRNA profiling during rat ventricular maturation: A role for miR‐29a in regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle re‐entry', FEBS Letters, vol. 587, no. 10, pp. 1548-1555.
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Recent studies demonstrated that the mammalian heart possesses some capacity to proliferate. We observed cardiomyocyte proliferation within 4 weeks of age (P4W) in rats. We found 95 microRNAs that are differentially expressed in P4W cardiomyocytes. MicroRNA‐29a was among the most highly up‐regulated microRNAs in P4W cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of microRNA‐29a suppressed the proliferation of H9c2 cell line. MicroRNA‐29a inhibition induced cardiomyocytes to proliferate, accelerated the G1/S and G2/M transition, and up‐regulated the cell cycle gene expression. Cyclin D2 (CCND2) was identified as a direct target of microRNA‐29a. These findings indicate that microRNA‐29a is involved in cardiomyocyte proliferation during postnatal development.

Cao, X, Wei, X, Han, Y, Yang, Y, Sebe, N & Hauptmann, A 2013, 'Unified Dictionary Learning and Region Tagging with Hierarchical Sparse Representation', Computer Vision and Image Understanding, vol. 117, no. 8, pp. 934-946.
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Carmichael, MG & Liu, D 2013, 'Estimating Physical Assistance Need Using a Musculoskeletal Model', IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 60, no. 7, pp. 1912-1919.
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Technologies that provide physical assistance during tasks are often required to provide assistance specific to the task and person performing it. An example is robotic rehabilitation in which the assistance-as-needed (AAN) paradigm aims to provide operators with the minimum assistance required to perform the task. Current approaches use empirical performance-based methods which require repeated observation of the specific task before an estimate of the needed assistance can be determined. In this paper, we present a new approach utilizing a musculoskeletal model (MM) of the upper limb to estimate the operator's assistance needs with respect to physical tasks. With capabilities of the operator defined at the muscular level of the MM, an optimization model is used to estimate the operator's strength capability. Strength required to perform a task is calculated using a task model. The difference or gap between the operator's strength capability and the strength required to execute a task forms the basis for the new AAN paradigm. We show how this approach estimates the effects of limb pose, load direction, and muscle impairments on a person's ability to perform tasks. © 1964-2012 IEEE.

Castel, A & François, R 2013, 'Calculation of the Overall Stiffness and Irreversible Deflection of Cracked Reinforced Concrete Beams', Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 2035-2042.
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The method proposed in this paper aims to assess both the irreversible deflection of cracked reinforced concrete beams when unloaded and their overall stiffness under loading cycles which is relevant for in-situ analysis of existing structures. Only service stage is modeled and time-dependent effects such as creep and shrinkage are not taken into account. The modeling approach combines an existing model based on an empirical moment-curvature analytic relationship with a new Macro-Finite-Element (MFE) both implemented in a linear finite element analysis. MFEs are Beam Finite Elements, characterized by their average moment of inertia. The average moment of inertia is calculated by homogenization of the steel strain, concrete strain and neutral axis modeled between two consecutive bending cracks. The results of the MFE model have been successfully compared to experiments. The irreversible deflection represents a significant proportion of the total deflection in service and the overall stiffness of the cracked beams during the loading cycles is strongly under-estimated by existing models based on empirical moment-curvature relationships.

Cath, TY, Elimelech, M, McCutcheon, JR, McGinnis, RL, Achilli, A, Anastasio, D, Brady, AR, Childress, AE, Farr, IV, Hancock, NT, Lampi, J, Nghiem, LD, Xie, M & Yip, NY 2013, 'Standard Methodology for Evaluating Membrane Performance in Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes', DESALINATION, vol. 312, pp. 31-38.
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Cetindamar, D & Kilitcioglu, H 2013, 'Measuring the competitiveness of a firm for an award system', Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 7-22.
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PurposeCompetition is of interest to both policy makers and managers. However, existing studies concentrate on the measurement of national competitiveness while neglecting firm competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap by developing a comprehensive and generic measurement model to understand firm competitiveness. The model is used to develop an award system to help companies in the self‐assessment of their competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical base of the measurement of firm level competitiveness is driven from two national competitiveness models, namely World Competitive Yearbook and Global Competitiveness Index, while the assessment structure is based on the well‐known European Foundation for Quality Management Excellence Award. The competitiveness model developed in this paper is put into use in Turkey. The measures of the model are used for assessing the competitiveness of ten firms, in order to choose the most competitive firm of the year. The study in Turkey explains how the measurement model works by illustrating an example.FindingsThis paper attempts to develop a generic model in which the competition parameters do not change for individual companies. The model covers a wide variety of parameters that form the base of competition at the firm level. It is demonstrated that the competition model developed in the paper works in practice.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the national competitiveness by providing deeper understanding of the dynamics of firm‐level competitiveness and provides some implications and suggestions for further studies.

Chai, J, Sheng, D, Carter, JP & Zhu, H 2013, 'Corrigendum to “Coefficient of consolidation from non-standard piezocone dissipation curves” [Comput. Geotech. 41 (2012) 13–22]', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 51, pp. 128-128.
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CHAIWONGSAI, J, CHIRACHARIT, W, CHAMNONGTHAI, K, MIYANAGA, Y & HIGUCHI, K 2013, 'A Low Power Tone Recognition for Automatic Tonal Speech Recognizer', IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, vol. E96.A, no. 6, pp. 1403-1411.
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Chan, KY, Dillon, T, Lam, HK, Ling, SSH & Nguyen, HT 2013, 'Special issue on hybrid evolutionary systems for manufacturing processes', APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1329-1331.
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Chan, MY, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2013, 'Quantitative ultrasound and fracture risk prediction in non-osteoporotic men and women as defined by WHO criteria', Osteoporosis International, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 1015-1022.
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Chanan, AP, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Johir, MA 2013, 'Need for a fresh look at phosphorus management in wastewater treatment: Trash to treasure', Sustainable Environment Research, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 23-31.
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Eutrophication of water bodies is a major, global environmental problem. It is now well understood that its main cause is excessive amounts of nutrients such as phosphorus. Stringent laws were therefore introduced across the world, requiring that the level of the P be significantly reduced. Consequently, the focus for wastewater treatment industry became the elimination of phosphorus in effluent stream. Treatment technologies capable of removing over 90% of phosphorus from wastewater have now been developed. However, these phosphorus removal options are likely to be ineffective in the future. The future would call for a shift to the primary goal of phosphorus removal to 'capturing and reusing' phosphorus. This paper calls for a re-think in developing phosphorus management programs. Discussing Fertigation as step-one in phosphorus reclamation, the paper will further elaborate phosphorus recovery opportunities such as ion-exchange that can be retrofitted to existing wastewater treatment plants.

Chang, L, Yu, JX & Qin, L 2013, 'Fast Maximal Cliques Enumeration in Sparse Graphs.', Algorithmica, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 173-186.
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In this paper, we consider the problem of generating all maximal cliques in a sparse graph in polynomial delay. Given a graph G=(V,E) with n vertices and m edges, the latest and fastest polynomial delay algorithm for sparse graphs enumerates all maximal cliques in O(δ 4) time delay, where δ is the maximum degree of vertices. However, it requires an O(n×m) preprocessing time. We improve it in two aspects. First, our algorithm does not need preprocessing. Therefore, our algorithm is a truly polynomial delay algorithm. Second, our algorithm enumerates all maximal cliques in O(δ×H 3) time delay, where H is the so called H-value of a graph or equivalently it is the smallest integer satisfying |{vâ̂̂Vâ̂£δ(v)≥H}|≤H given δ(v) as the degree of a vertex. In real-world network data, H usually is a small value and much smaller than δ. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Che Mat, R, Shariff, ARM, Pradhan, B, Mahmud, AR, Shafry, M, Rahim, M & Rehman, A 2013, 'A Comparison between four-tier framework and three-tier framework for online applications of 3D GIS visualization', Life Science Journal, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1534-1540.
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Online application of 3D visualization for GIS (Geographic Information System) data is of interest to not only professionals such as cartographers, geographers, geologists and psychologists but also popular among the ordinary people. The system's conventional design is generated from client/server based architecture. This architecture is the main platform for designing the online system architecture, which works based on the distributing concept which is 'tier'. The tier is required to separate the works/tasks between the system architecture. Currently, three-tiers architecture is the most well-known architecture used in GIS applications and other application. However, this architecture has a drawback on the middle tier which needs more processing power to meet the request from multiple of users. GIS applications, especially which involve 3D visualization generate a massive amount of data. Due to this situation, the use of the current three-tier framework for online application of 3D visualization for GIS will decrease the performance of the system in terms of time for processing the request from the users. The aim of this study is to introduce the new four-tier framework and compare it with the existing three-tier framework. This framework consist of four-tier architecture, which is divided into client tier, logic tier, visualization process tier, and database tier. The comparison is based on response time, loading time, frames rate per second, CPU usage, and memory usage. The new framework shows superiority in its performance, and the processing power is reduced.

Chekli, L, Phuntsho, S, Kandasamy, J & Shon, H 2013, 'Assessing the aggregation behaviour of iron oxide nanoparticles by using a multi-method approach.', Technical Proceedings of the 2013 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo, NSTI-Nanotech 2013, vol. 1, pp. 47-50.
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Iron nanoparticles are becoming increasingly popular for the treatment of contaminated soil and groundwater; however, their mobility and reactivity in subsurface environments are significantly affected by their tendency to aggregate. Assessing their stability under environmental conditions is crucial for determining their environmental fate. A multi-method approach (including different size-measurement techniques) was used to thoroughly characterise the behaviour of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3NPs) under environmentally relevant conditions. Although recent studies have demonstrated the importance of using a multi-method approach when characterising nanoparticles, the majority of current studies continue to use a single-method approach. Discussions and examples to support the need of a multi-method approach to characterise the aggregation of nanoparticles will be presented in this study.

Chekli, L, Phuntsho, S, Roy, M & Shon, HK 2013, 'Characterisation of Fe-oxide nanoparticles coated with humic acid and Suwannee River natural organic matter', SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, vol. 461, pp. 19-27.
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Iron oxide nanoparticles are becoming increasingly popular for various applications including the treatment of contaminated soil and groundwater; however, their mobility and reactivity in the subsurface environment are significantly affected by their tendency to aggregate. One solution to overcome this issue is to coat the nanoparticles with dissolved organic matter (DOM). The advantages of DOM over conventional surface modifiers are that DOM is naturally abundant in the environment, inexpensive, non-toxic and readily adsorbed onto the surface of metal oxide nanoparticles.In this study, humic acid (HA) and Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM) were tested and compared as surface modifiers for Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs). The DOM-coated Fe2O3 NPs were characterised by various analytical methods including: flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF), high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The stability of the coated NPs was then evaluated by assessing their aggregation and disaggregation behaviour over time.Results showed that both HA and SRNOM were rapidly and readily adsorbed on the surface of Fe2O3 NPs, providing electrosteric stabilisation over a wide range of pH. HPSEC results showed that the higher molecular weight components of DOM were preferentially adsorbed onto the surface of Fe2O3. As SRNOM consists of macromolecules with a higher molecular weight than HA, the measured size of the SRNOM-coated Fe2O3 NPs was 30% larger than the HA-coated Fe2O3 NPs. FTIR results indicated the occurrence of hydrogen bonding arising from electrostatic interaction between the DOM and Fe2O3 NPs. Finally, a stability study showed that after 14days, small agglomerates and aggregates were formed. The HA-coated Fe2O3 NPs formed agglomerates which were easily disaggregated using a vortex mixer, with the coated NPs returning to their initial size. However, SRNOM-coated Fe2O3 NPs were only partially disagg...

Chekli, L, Phuntsho, S, Roy, M, Lombi, E, Donner, E & Shon, HK 2013, 'Assessing the aggregation behaviour of iron oxide nanoparticles under relevant environmental conditions using a multi-method approach', WATER RESEARCH, vol. 47, no. 13, pp. 4585-4599.
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Iron nanoparticles are becoming increasingly popular for the treatment of contaminated soil and groundwater; however, their mobility and reactivity in subsurface environments are significantly affected by their tendency to aggregate. Assessing their stability under environmental conditions is crucial for determining their environmental fate. A multi-method approach (including different size-measurement techniques and the DLVO theory) was used to thoroughly characterise the behaviour of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3NPs) under environmentally relevant conditions. Although recent studies have demonstrated the importance of using a multi-method approach when characterising nanoparticles, the majority of current studies continue to use a single-method approach.Under some soil conditions (i.e. pH 7, 10mM NaCl and 2mM CaCl2) and increasing particle concentration, Fe2O3NPs underwent extensive aggregation to form large aggregates (>1μm). Coating the nanoparticles with dissolved organic matter (DOM) was investigated as an alternative 'green' solution to overcoming the aggregation issue instead of using the more commonly proposed polyelectrolytes. At high concentrations, DOM effectively covered the surface of the Fe2O3NPs, thereby conferring negative surface charge on the particles across a wide range of pH values. This provided electrostatic stabilisation and considerably reduced the particle aggregation effect. DOM-coated Fe2O3NPs also proved to be more stable under high ionic strength conditions. The presence of CaCl2, however, even at low concentrations, induced the aggregation of DOM-coated Fe2O3NPs, mainly via charge neutralisation and bridging. This has significant implications in regards to the reactivity and fate of these materials in the environment. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Chen, B, Lam, W, Tsang, IW & Wong, T-L 2013, 'Discovering Low-Rank Shared Concept Space for Adapting Text Mining Models', IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1284-1297.
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We propose a framework for adapting text mining models that discovers low-rank shared concept space. Our major characteristic of this concept space is that it explicitly minimizes the distribution gap between the source domain with sufficient labeled data and the target domain with only unlabeled data, while at the same time it minimizes the empirical loss on the labeled data in the source domain. Our method is capable of conducting the domain adaptation task both in the original feature space as well as in the transformed Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) using kernel tricks. Theoretical analysis guarantees that the error of our adaptation model can be bounded with respect to the embedded distribution gap and the empirical loss in the source domain. We have conducted extensive experiments on two common text mining problems, namely, document classification and information extraction, to demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed framework. © 2013 IEEE.

Chen, J, Ji, Z, Kribs, D, Lütkenhaus, N & Zeng, B 2013, 'Symmetric Extension of Two-Qubit States', Phys. Rev. A, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 032318-032318-10.
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Quantum key distribution uses public discussion protocols to establish sharedsecret keys. In the exploration of ultimate limits to such protocols, theproperty of symmetric extendibility of underlying bipartite states $\rho_{AB}$plays an important role. A bipartite state $\rho_{AB}$ is symmetric extendibleif there exits a tripartite state $\rho_{ABB'}$, such that the $AB$ marginalstate is identical to the $AB'$ marginal state, i.e. $\rho_{AB'}=\rho_{AB}$.For a symmetric extendible state $\rho_{AB}$, the first task of the publicdiscussion protocol is to break this symmetric extendibility. Therefore tocharacterize all bi-partite quantum states that possess symmetric extensions isof vital importance. We prove a simple analytical formula that a two-qubitstate $\rho_{AB}$ admits a symmetric extension if and only if$\tr(\rho_B^2)\geq \tr(\rho_{AB}^2)-4\sqrt{\det{\rho_{AB}}}$. Given theintimate relationship between the symmetric extension problem and the quantummarginal problem, our result also provides the first analytical necessary andsufficient condition for the quantum marginal problem with overlappingmarginals.

Chen, P, Li, J, Wong, L, Kuwahara, H, Huang, JZ & Gao, X 2013, 'Accurate prediction of hot spot residues through physicochemical characteristics of amino acid sequences', PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 81, no. 8, pp. 1351-1362.
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Hot spot residues of proteins are fundamental interface residues that help proteins perform their functions. Detecting hot spots by experimental methods is costly and time-consuming. Sequential and structural information has been widely used in the compu

Chen, Z, Ngo, HH & Guo, W 2013, 'A Critical Review on the End Uses of Recycled Water', CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 43, no. 14, pp. 1446-1516.
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Recycled water provides a viable opportunity to supplement water supplies as well as alleviate environmental loads. The authors examine the sources of recycled water and discusses various end uses. They focus on reviewing the historical development and current status of recycled water on a global scale with containing the evolvement of wastewater treatment technologies, water quality guidelines, and public attitudes. The authors also illustrate typical case studies of recycled water in a number of countries and regions, including Australia, Asia, the United States, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. These pilot studies can be good examples for the future projects. They identify the good prospects of further expansion and exploration of current and new end uses while emphasizing the integrated water planning and management as well as challenging and tasks in the future. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Chen, Z, Ngo, HH & Guo, W 2013, 'Risk Control in Recycled Water Schemes', CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 43, no. 22, pp. 2439-2510.
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Recycled water is becoming one of the indispensable and reliable water resources at present. When it is introduced as an alternative source, risks on human health and the environment become major constraints driving the application and extension of recycled water. The authors examine the sources and associated risks of recycled water and introduce the practical risk control technologies on various end uses. They also review some existing risk assessment models by comparing their strengths and weaknesses toward the good approach of integrated modeling. Some critical suggestions on risk management and communication are made based on the given information. © 2013 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Chen, Z, Ngo, HH, Guo, W & Wang, X 2013, 'Analysis of Sydney's recycled water schemes', FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 608-615.
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© Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012. Recycled water provides a viable opportunity to partially supplement fresh water supplies as well as substantially alleviate environmental loads. Currently, thousands of recycled water schemes have been successfully conducted in a number of countries and Sydney is one of the leading cities, which has made massive effort to apply water reclamation, recycling and reuse. This study aims to make a comprehensive analysis of recycled water schemes in Sydney for a wide range of end uses such as landscape irrigation, industrial process uses and residential uses (e.g., golf course irrigation, industrial cooling water reuse, toilet flushing and clothes washing etc.). For each representative recycled water scheme, this study investigates the involved wastewater treatment technologies, the effluent quality compared with specified guideline values and public attitudes toward different end uses. Based on these obtained data, multi criteria analysis (MCA) in terms of risk, cost-benefit, environmental and social aspects can be performed. Consequently, from the analytical results, the good prospects of further expansion and exploration of current and new end uses were identified toward the integrated water planning and management. The analyses could also help decision makers in making a sound judgment for future recycled water projects.

Chen, Z, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, Wang, XC, Miechel, C, Corby, N, Listowski, A & O'Halloran, K 2013, 'Analysis of social attitude to the new end use of recycled water for household laundry in Australia by the regression models', JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, vol. 126, no. 1, pp. 79-84.
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Recycled water for household laundry can be regarded as a promising strategy to alleviate the current demand on scarce water supplies. Public acceptability becomes fairly important to ensure the successful establishment and development of this new end use. To address the issue, this study conducted social surveys in two locations of Australia, Port Macquarie and Melbourne, where respondents were asked 17 questions. The regression models provide conclusions about which characteristics are more likely to lead to the acceptance of recycled water from society. Three attitudinal variables (RWAlterDW, Attitude and Cost) and three psychological variables (Odour, Reading and SmallUnit) were found to be the key driving forces behind domestic water reuse behaviour. These findings could drive the future research direction to achieve better public perception of this new end use of recycled water. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Cheng, B, Ritz, C, Burnett, I & Zheng, X 2013, 'A General Compression Approach to Multi-Channel Three-Dimensional Audio', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUDIO SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 1676-1688.
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Cheng, P, Chen, Z, Rui, Y, Guo, YJ, Gui, L, Tao, M & Zhang, QT 2013, 'Channel Estimation for OFDM Systems over Doubly Selective Channels: A Distributed Compressive Sensing Based Approach', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 61, no. 10, pp. 4173-4185.
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Channel estimation for an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) broadband system over a doubly selective channel is very challenging. This is mainly due to the significant Doppler shift, which results in a time-frequency doubly-selective (DS) channel. The DS channel features a large number of channel coefficients, which introduces inter-carrier interference (ICI) and forces the need for allocating a large number of pilot subcarriers. To tackle this problem, in this paper we propose a novel channel estimation scheme based on distributed compressive sensing (DCS) theory. Taking advantage of the basis expansion model (BEM) and the channel sparsity in the delay domain, we transform the original DS channel into a novel two-dimensional channel model, where several jointly sparse BEM coefficient vectors become the estimation goal. Then a special decoupling form originating from a novel sparse pilot pattern is designed for such estimation, which results in an ICI-free structure and enables the DCS application to make joint estimation of these vectors accurately. Combined with a smoothing treatment process, the proposed scheme can achieve significantly higher estimation accuracy than the existing ones, although with a much smaller number of pilot subcarriers. Theoretical analysis and simulation results both confirm its performance merits. © 2013 IEEE.

Cheng, XW, Jiang, ZY, Wei, DB, Hao, L, Zhao, JW, Peng, JG, Lu, SZ & Jiang, LZ 2013, 'Effect of Water Vapor on Oxidation of Ferritic Stainless Steel 21Cr-0.6Mo-Nb-Ti in Simulated Reheating Environment', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 690-693, pp. 280-289.
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High temperature oxidation of ferritic stainless steel 21Cr-0.6Mo-Nb-Ti was carried out isothermally at 1100 oC under different water vapour content conditions in an electrical furnace. Water vapour does accelerate the formation of oxide scale of stainless steel 21Cr-0.6Mo-Nb-Ti, however, it is not significant. Some oxide grains consist of spinel crystal structure, which should be spinel Manganese Chromite. In dry air atmosphere, the grain of the spinel is more and bigger than that in wet air. No breakaway oxidation occurs in the experiment indicating that 21Cr-0.6Mo-Nb-Ti has very high oxidation resistance, which might be contributed by the formation of MnCr2O4and compact protective chromia. In addition, continuous silica formed along and accumulated at the oxide metal interface performs like a diffusion barrier.

Chin-Teng Lin, Shu-Fang Tsai & Li-Wei Ko 2013, 'EEG-Based Learning System for Online Motion Sickness Level Estimation in a Dynamic Vehicle Environment', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 1689-1700.
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Motion sickness is a common experience for many people. Several previous researches indicated that motion sickness has a negative effect on driving performance and sometimes leads to serious traffic accidents because of a decline in a person's ability to maintain self-control. This safety issue has motivated us to find a way to prevent vehicle accidents. Our target was to determine a set of valid motion sickness indicators that would predict the occurrence of a person's motion sickness as soon as possible. A successful method for the early detection of motion sickness will help us to construct a cognitive monitoring system. Such a monitoring system can alert people before they become sick and prevent them from being distracted by various motion sickness symptoms while driving or riding in a car. In our past researches, we investigated the physiological changes that occur during the transition of a passenger's cognitive state using electroencephalography (EEG) power spectrum analysis, and we found that the EEG power responses in the left and right motors, parietal, lateral occipital, and occipital midline brain areas were more highly correlated to subjective sickness levels than other brain areas. In this paper, we propose the use of a self-organizing neural fuzzy inference network (SONFIN) to estimate a driver's/passenger's sickness level based on EEG features that have been extracted online from five motion sickness-related brain areas, while either in real or virtual vehicle environments. The results show that our proposed learning system is capable of extracting a set of valid motion sickness indicators that originated from EEG dynamics, and through SONFIN, a neuro-fuzzy prediction model, we successfully translated the set of motion sickness indicators into motion sickness levels. The overall performance of this proposed EEG-based learning system can achieve an average prediction accuracy of ∼ 82%. © 2013 IEEE.

Chitambar, E & Hsieh, M-H 2013, 'Revisiting the optimal detection of quantum information', Physical Review A, vol. 88, no. 2.
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In 1991, Peres and Wootters wrote a seminal paper on the nonlocal processing of quantum information. We return to their classic problem and solve it in various contexts. Specifically, for discriminating the 'double trine' ensemble with minimum error, we prove that global operations are more powerful than local operations with classical communication (LOCC). Even stronger, there exists a finite gap between the optimal LOCC probability and that obtainable by separable operations (SEP). Additionally we prove that a two-way, adaptive LOCC strategy can always beat a one-way protocol. Our results demonstrate 'nonlocality without entanglement' in two-qubit pure states. © 2013 American Physical Society.

Chitambar, E, Duan, R & Hsieh, M-H 2013, 'When do Local Operations and Classical Communication Suffice for Two-Qubit State Discrimination?', IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 3-1561.
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In this paper we consider the conditions under which a given ensemble oftwo-qubit states can be optimally distinguished by local operations andclassical communication (LOCC). We begin by completing the \emph{perfect}distinguishability problem of two-qubit ensembles - both for separableoperations and LOCC - by providing necessary and sufficient conditions for theperfect discrimination of one pure and one mixed state. Then for the well-knowntask of minimum error discrimination, it is shown that \textit{almost all}two-qubit ensembles consisting of three pure states cannot be optimallydiscriminated using LOCC. This is surprising considering that \textit{any} twopure states can be distinguished optimally by LOCC. Special attention is givento ensembles that lack entanglement, and we prove an easy sufficient conditionfor when a set of three product states cannot be optimally distinguished byLOCC, thus providing new examples of the phenomenon known as 'non-localitywithout entanglement'. We next consider an example of $N$ parties who eachshare the same state but who are ignorant of its identity. The state is drawnfrom the rotationally invariant 'trine ensemble', and we establish a tightconnection between the $N$-copy ensemble and Shor's 'lifted' single-copyensemble. For any finite $N$, we prove that optimal identification of thestates cannot be achieved by LOCC; however as $N\to\infty$, LOCC can indeeddiscriminate the states optimally. This is the first result of its kind.Finally, we turn to the task of unambiguous discrimination and derive new lowerbounds on the LOCC inconclusive probability for symmetric states. When appliedto the double trine ensemble, this leads to a rather differentdistinguishability character than when the minimum-error probability isconsidered.

Chiu, C & Chaczko, Z 2013, 'Enhancement of Surgical Training Practice with the Spring Tensor Heuristic Model', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 237-244.
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Abstract The enhancement of surgical simulation tools is an important research study, to assist in the assessment and feedback of medical training practice. In this research, the Spring Tensor Model (STEM) has been used for laparoscopic end-effector navigation through obstacles and high-risk areas. The modelling of the surgical trainer as part of the laparoscopic simulator seeks to emulate the physical environment as a virtualised representation in the integrated infrastructure. Combining sensor network framework paradigms to a surgical knowledge-based construct demonstrates how STEMcan enhance medical practice. The architectural hybridisation of the training framework has enabled the adaptation of STEM modelling techniques for a simulated laparoscopic training methodology. The primary benefit of the architecture is that this integration strategy has resulted in a seamless transition of the heuristic framework to be applied to surgical training.

Choi, Y, Bressan, N, James, A, Pugh, E & McGregor, C 2013, 'Design of temporal analysis of neonatal vagal spells at different gestational ages using the artemis' framework', Journal of Critical Care, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. e4-e5.
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Chon, K, Cho, J & Shon, HK 2013, 'A pilot-scale hybrid municipal wastewater reclamation system using combined coagulation and disk filtration, ultrafiltration, and reverse osmosis: Removal of nutrients and micropollutants, and characterization of membrane foulants', Bioresource Technology, vol. 141, no. 1, pp. 109-116.
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A pilot-scale municipal wastewater reclamation system using combined coagulation and disk filtration (CCDF), ultrafiltration (UF), and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane has been built to investigate removal of water contaminants and fouling mitigation. The reclaimed water using the pilot system could meet draft regulations on wastewater reuse of the California Department of Public Health (DOC: 0.5 mgC/L; TN: 5 mgN/L). The removal of micropolluants by the CCDF process and UF could not be evaluated by their MW, Log D, and charge characteristics. However, they were identified as governing factors affecting the removal of micropollutants by the RO. The CCDF process might effectively remove particulate materials capable of contributing to cake layer formation on the UF membrane surfaces but the residual coagulants provided a strong effect on fouling formation of the UF membrane. Thus, hydrophobic fractions of the desorbed UF membrane foulants were higher than those of the desorbed RO membrane foulants.

Chon, K, Cho, J & Shon, HK 2013, 'Fouling characteristics of a membrane bioreactor and nanofiltration hybrid system for municipal wastewater reclamation', Bioresource Technology, vol. 130, pp. 239-247.
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A laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) and nanofiltration (NF) hybrid system has been built to investigate effects of changes in characteristics of effluent organic matter by the MBR on fouling characteristics of the NF membranes. Large amounts of polysaccharide-like substances with small molecular weight and strong fluorescence intensity at the excitation wavelength of 230 nm and the emission wavelength of 420 nm were produced by microbial growth in the MBR. These substances had a great influence on fouling formation of the NF membranes. Fouling characteristics of the MBR were governed by both hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions while hydrophilic fractions were found as major constituents of the desorbed NF membrane foulants. Flux decline rates of the NF membranes were closely associated with differences in their fouling layer compositions, meaning that performances of the NF membranes (i.e., flux decline) could be influenced by the membrane characteristics (i.e., surface zeta potential and contact angle).

Chu, Q-X, Mao, C-X & Zhu, H 2013, 'A Compact Notched Band UWB Slot Antenna With Sharp Selectivity and Controllable Bandwidth', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 61, no. 8, pp. 3961-3966.
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Cirelli, J, McGregor, C, Graydon, B & James, A 2013, 'Analysis of continuous oxygen saturation data for accurate representation of retinal exposure to oxygen in the preterm infant.', Stud Health Technol Inform, vol. 183, pp. 126-131.
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Maintaining blood oxygen saturation within the intended target range for preterm infants receiving neonatal intensive care is challenging. Supplemental oxygen is believed to lead to increased risk of retinopathy of prematurity and hence managing the level of oxygen within this population is important within their care. Current quality improvement activities use coarse hourly spot readings to measure supplemental oxygen levels as associated with targeted ranges that vary based on gestational age. In this research we use Artemis, a real-time online healthcare analytics platform to ascertain if the collection of second by second data provides a better representation of retinal exposure to oxygen than an infrequent, intermittent spot reading. We show that Artemis is capable of producing more accurate information from the higher frequency data, as it includes all the episodic events in the activity of the hour, which provides a better understanding of oxygen fluctuation ranges which affect the physiological status of the infant.

Consoli, NC, Festugato, L, da Rocha, CG & Cruz, RC 2013, 'Key parameters for strength control of rammed sand–cement mixtures: Influence of types of portland cement', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 49, pp. 591-597.
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Croucher, DR, Hochgräfe, F, Zhang, L, Liu, L, Lyons, RJ, Rickwood, D, Tactacan, CM, Browne, BC, Ali, N, Chan, H, Shearer, R, Gallego-Ortega, D, Saunders, DN, Swarbrick, A & Daly, RJ 2013, 'Involvement of Lyn and the Atypical Kinase SgK269/PEAK1 in a Basal Breast Cancer Signaling Pathway', Cancer Research, vol. 73, no. 6, pp. 1969-1980.
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Abstract Basal breast cancer cells feature high expression of the Src family kinase Lyn that has been implicated in the pathogenicity of this disease. In this study, we identified novel Lyn kinase substrates, the most prominent of which was the atypical kinase SgK269 (PEAK1). In breast cancer cells, SgK269 expression associated with the basal phenotype. In primary breast tumors, SgK269 overexpression was detected in a subset of basal, HER2-positive, and luminal cancers. In immortalized MCF-10A mammary epithelial cells, SgK269 promoted transition to a mesenchymal phenotype and increased cell motility and invasion. Growth of MCF-10A acini in three-dimensional (3D) culture was enhanced upon SgK269 overexpression, which induced an abnormal, multilobular acinar morphology and promoted extracellular signal–regulated kinase (Erk) and Stat3 activation. SgK269 Y635F, mutated at a major Lyn phosphorylation site, did not enhance acinar size or cellular invasion. We show that Y635 represents a Grb2-binding site that promotes both Stat3 and Erk activation in 3D culture. RNA interference–mediated attenuation of SgK269 in basal breast cancer cells promoted acquisition of epithelial characteristics and decreased anchorage-independent growth. Together, our results define a novel signaling pathway in basal breast cancer involving Lyn and SgK269 that offers clinical opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Cancer Res; 73(6); 1969–80. ©2012 AACR.

Da Rocha, CG & Formoso, CT 2013, 'Configuring product variants in customisa-tion strategies for house-building', Open House International, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 48-56.
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Mass customisation involves the provision of product variants that fulfil clients' specific requirements seeking to increase product values. The configuration process involves a chain of decisions, which needs to be undertaken to create product variants that meet each client specific requirements. In this paper, this chain of decisions is conceptualized in terms of customisation units. Each customisation unit encompasses a customisable attribute (e.g. size, colour) and the range of items offered for this attribute. A design science approach was adopted in this investigation. In this approach, knowledge is produced by creating and testing a solution, which provides practical and theoretical contributions. A method is proposed to analyse and improve the configuration process by conceptualizing this process as a tree diagram. The proposed method is used to analyse the configuration process developed by organisations of the house-building sector based in the U.K. and Brazil: a manufacturer of floor tiles, contractors, and registered providers. These analyses enabled a comparison of the distinct configuration processes adopted. In addition, problems associated to the configuration process (such as burden of choice) and opportunities for improvements were also identified. Finally, alternative chains of decision were also devised based on these analyses to address the problems identified.

da Rocha, CG & Kemmer, SL 2013, 'Method to Implement Delayed Product Differentiation in Construction of High-Rise Apartment Building Projects', Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, vol. 139, no. 10, pp. 05013001-05013001.
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Dackermann, U, Li, J & Samali, B 2013, 'Identification of member connectivity and mass changes on a two-storey framed structure using frequency response functions and artificial neural networks', JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION, vol. 332, no. 16, pp. 3636-3653.
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This paper presents a structural health monitoring (SHM) technique that utilises pattern changes in frequency response functions (FRFs) as input parameters for a system of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to assess the structural condition of a structure. To verify the proposed method, it is applied to numerical and experimental models of a two-storey framed structure, on which structural damage is induced by member connectivity and mass changes, respectively. For the numerical structure, simulated time-history data are polluted with various levels of white Gaussian noise in order to realistically represent field-testing conditions. As a damage indicator, residual FRFs are used, which are derived by calculating the differences in FRF data between the undamaged/baseline structure and the structure with changed joint conditions or added mass. To obtain suitable patterns for neural network training, principal component analysis (PCA) techniques are adopted to reduce the size of the residual FRF data and to filter noise. A hierarchical system of individual ANNs, termed network ensemble, is then trained to map changes in PCA-reduced residual FRFs to damage conditions. The results obtained for both damage investigations, namely joint damage and mass changes, demonstrate that the proposed SHM technique is accurate and reliable in assessing the condition of the test structure numerically and experimentally based on direct FRF measurements and network ensemble analysis. From the outcomes of the individual networks, it is found that the proposed hierarchical network ensemble approach is highly efficient in filtering poor results of underperforming networks obtained from measurement locations with low damage sensitivity. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Dackermann, U, Li, J, Rijal, R & Samali, B 2013, 'A Vibration-Based Approach for the Estimation of the Loss of Composite Action in Timber Composite Systems', STRUCTURAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF TIMBER STRUCTURES, vol. 778, pp. 462-469.
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This paper presents a novel approach for the determination of the loss of composite action for timber composite systems using only measurements from non-destructive vibration testing. Traditionally, the composite action of a system is evaluated from static load testing using deflection measurements. However, static load testing is expensive, time consuming and inappropriate for existing flooring systems. The method proposed in this paper is based on the Damage Index (DI) method, which uses changes in modal strain energies, to detect locations and severities of damage. In the proposed method, a new Loss of Composite Action Index (LCAI), which is derived from direct mode shape measurements obtained from dynamic testing, is introduced to evaluate the loss of composite action. The proposed method is tested and validated on numerical and experimental models of a timber composite beam structure, which consists of two timber components that are connected with different numbers of screws to simulate various degrees of partial composite states. The results obtained from the new method are very encouraging and show a clear trend of the proposed dynamic-based LCAI in indicating the loss of composite action in the investigated timber composite structure. © (2013) Trans Tech Publicutions, Switzerland.

Dale-Jones, G, Hancock, P & Willey, K 2013, 'Accounting Students in an Australian University Improve their Writing: But How Did it Happen?', Accounting Education, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 544-562.
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The ability to communicate ' orally and in writing' is a graduate attribute that employers in many countries rank as number one in importance, aside from relevant qualifications. This paper reports the implementation and evaluation of a collaborative peer assessment and self-assessment learning and teaching (L&T) initiative, which was designed to improve postgraduate students' judgment of writing standards and to improve their own writing according to that standard. The initiative was embedded in an introductory financial accounting unit in an Australian university. In a mixed methods study, the matched pair design revealed improvements in the written communication skills of students as determined by an independent assessor. There was also statistically significant improvement in the ability of students to apply assessment standards to grammatical, structural and presentation components of written communication. Whereas it was not possible to attribute the improvements entirely to the collaborative peer assessment initiative, our observations and students' self-reporting comments suggest that the L&T initiative was effective

Daqamseh, ST, Mansor, S, Pradhan, B, Billa, L & Mahmud, AR 2013, 'Potential fish habitat mapping using MODIS-derived sea surface salinity, temperature and chlorophyll-a data: South China Sea Coastal areas, Malaysia', Geocarto International, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 546-560.
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Davidson, PL, Wilson, SJ, Chalmers, DJ, Wilson, BD, Eager, D & McIntosh, AS 2013, 'Analysis of Energy Flow During Playground Surface Impacts', Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 628-633.
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The amount of energy dissipated away from or returned to a child falling onto a surface will influence fracture risk but is not considered in current standards for playground impact-attenuating surfaces. A two-mass rheological computer simulation was used to model energy flow within the wrist and surface during hand impact with playground surfaces, and the potential of this approach to provide insights into such impacts and predict injury risk examined. Acceleration data collected on-site from typical playground surfaces and previously obtained data from children performing an exercise involving freefalling with a fully extended arm provided input. The model identified differences in energy flow properties between playground surfaces and two potentially harmful surface characteristics: more energy was absorbed by (work done on) the wrist during both impact and rebound on rubber surfaces than on bark, and rubber surfaces started to rebound (return energy to the wrist) while the upper limb was still moving downward. Energy flow analysis thus provides information on playground surface characteristics and the impact process, and has the potential to identify fracture risks, inform the development of safer impact-attenuating surfaces, and contribute to development of new energy-based arm fracture injury criteria and tests for use in conjunction with current methods.

Dayong Ye, Minjie Zhang & Sutanto, D 2013, 'Self-Adaptation-Based Dynamic Coalition Formation in a Distributed Agent Network: A Mechanism and a Brief Survey', IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 1042-1051.
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Deng, W, Xie, F, Baltar, HTMCM & Goldys, EM 2013, 'Metal-enhanced fluorescence in the life sciences: here, now and beyond', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 15, no. 38, pp. 15695-15695.
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Devkota, KC, Regmi, AD, Pourghasemi, HR, Yoshida, K, Pradhan, B, Ryu, IC, Dhital, MR & Althuwaynee, OF 2013, 'Landslide susceptibility mapping using certainty factor, index of entropy and logistic regression models in GIS and their comparison at Mugling–Narayanghat road section in Nepal Himalaya', Natural Hazards, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 135-165.
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Dietz, C, Richter, R & Deuse, J 2013, 'Variantenmanagement im Simultaneous Engineering', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 108, no. 5, pp. 325-329.
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Kurzfassung Viele Unternehmen verfolgen im Produktentstehungsprozess voneinander getrennte Initiativen im Variantenmanagement sowie im Simultaneous Engineering. Eine integrierte Betrachtung wurde bisher jedoch noch nicht umgesetzt. Das hier vorgestellte Vorgehen verbindet die externen Anforderungen des Marktes mit der internen Umsetzung auf Produkt- und Fertigungsebene, um ein konsistentes System bestehend aus der Produktstruktur und dem Fertigungssystem zur Herstellung von Varianten zu ermöglichen.

Diffner, E, Beck, D, Gudgin, E, Thoms, JAI, Knezevic, K, Pridans, C, Foster, S, Goode, D, Lim, WK, Boelen, L, Metzeler, KH, Micklem, G, Bohlander, SK, Buske, C, Burnett, A, Ottersbach, K, Vassiliou, GS, Olivier, J, Wong, JWH, Göttgens, B, Huntly, BJ & Pimanda, JE 2013, 'Activity of a heptad of transcription factors is associated with stem cell programs and clinical outcome in acute myeloid leukemia', Blood, vol. 121, no. 12, pp. 2289-2300.
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Key Points The ERG stem cell enhancer is active in acute myeloid leukemia and is regulated by a heptad of transcription factors. Expression signatures derived from ERG promoter–enhancer activity and heptad expression are associated with clinical outcome.

Ding, G 2013, 'Demolish or refurbish – Environmental benefits of housing conservation', Construction Economics and Building, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 18-34.
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Climate change and energy efficiency are some of the most pressing issues facing China today. With its economic growth since 1978, the government has struggled to contain environmental damages and social unrest related to the economy’s rapid transformation. With the rapid growth in population and urbanization the demand for housing has escalated and traditional housing has been under threat of demolition to make way for new construction. Traditional housing is generally considered wasteful in its use of land and/or energy, and is often demolished for more intensive and more energy-efficient housing, despite the resulting loss of embodied energy and urban amenity. A research project was undertaken to study the environmental performance of traditional housing in Hangzhou. The project looks into analyzing and comparing embodied energy and CO2 for seven dwellings. In addition indoor climate data were recorded and collected in the form of hourly temperature and humidity readings for one year in six local houses and in a modern unit as a control for one year. The research results reveal that there is little difference in environmental performance between traditional and conventional modern construction and the value of conservation rather than demolition as a strategic development for the construction industry.

Ding, G & Forsythe, PJ 2013, 'Sustainable construction: life cycle energy analysis of construction on sloping sites for residential buildings', Construction Management and Economics, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 254-265.
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In 2010, the Australian residential construction sector contributed about 28% of the value of all construction and was responsible for 8% of the total energy consumption. Residential construction will continue to increase to cope with the demand due to population growth. Owing to land scarcity, construction on sloping sites has become a common construction method for residential development in Australia. This method has economic benefits but poses environmental issues as it damages topsoil, disturbs natural drainage and groundwater pathways and imposes additional stress on soil under fill. The life cycle energy consumption of the construction process is examined in relation to residential projects on sloping sites on a range of slopes and soil types in New South Wales, Australia. Forty-one detached dwellings were selected and a service life of 60 years assumed for the study. The research findings reveal that the slope for each type of soil has a positive correlation with life cycle energy consumption. As part of the onsite construction process, the results also show that the energy consumption of construction on sloping sites plays a significant factor in the life cycle energy analysis of a building. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Ding, GKC 2013, 'Strategies for sustainable housing development-the challenges from renewable energy', International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 239-248.
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One-fifth of Australia's greenhouse gas emissions come from households. There are 7 million households in Australia and each is producing about 15 tonnes of greenhouse gas every year. Energy use, car use and waste are the largest sources of household emissions. Improving the energy efficiency of homes is one of the most effective ways of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and has been the main focus of the government's energy policy. In addition to the introduction of BASIX as mandatory to all new homes in NSW in 2004, the federal and state governments have introduced incentive schemes to subsidize Australian homes to install solar panels and other renewable energy technologies as a way to improve energy performance of existing homes since 2006. This paper examines the opportunities and challenges of renewable energy in improving energy efficiency of existing dwellings. The paper also presents the results of an economic analysis of renewable energy source in a dwelling in NSW. Finally a strategic direction of providing affordable and environmentally sustainable practices in upgrading existing homes to improve energy efficiency is also developed and discussed. Copyright © 2013 IAHS.

Dinh, HT, Lee, C, Niyato, D & Wang, P 2013, 'A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches', Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 13, no. 18, pp. 1587-1611.
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ABSTRACTTogether with an explosive growth of the mobile applications and emerging of cloud computing concept, mobile cloud computing (MCC) has been introduced to be a potential technology for mobile services. MCC integrates the cloud computing into the mobile environment and overcomes obstacles related to the performance (e.g., battery life, storage, and bandwidth), environment (e.g., heterogeneity, scalability, and availability), and security (e.g., reliability and privacy) discussed in mobile computing. This paper gives a survey of MCC, which helps general readers have an overview of the MCC including the definition, architecture, and applications. The issues, existing solutions, and approaches are presented. In addition, the future research directions of MCC are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Diyaljee, V 2013, 'Discussion of “Stress-Strain Degradation Response of Railway Ballast Stabilized with Geosynthetics” by Buddhima Indraratna and Sanjay Nimbalkar', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 139, no. 12, pp. 2232-2233.
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Do, QNT & Hussain, FK 2013, 'A hybrid approach for the personalisation of cloud-based e-governance services', International Journal of High Performance Computing and Networking, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 205-205.
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Cloud computing is a new and promising paradigm for service delivery including computing resources over the internet. Cloud computing standards and architecture play an important role in benefiting governments by reducing operating costs and increasing governance effectiveness. Cloud-based e-governance contributes to managing security, reducing cost based on a pay-as-you-go method, IT labour cost reduction, and increasing scalability. Given the importance of cloud computing in the today's emerging technologies, personalisation in cloud computing is also significant in supporting users to obtain what they need without being required to request it explicitly. This research will focus mainly on a personalisation algorithm to for cloud computing. A case study in which a user can suggest the language they want to use without making an explicit request will be provided to assist further understanding of the new algorithm, which is a combination of the TOPSIS and Pearson correlation coefficient methods.

Dom, NC, Ahmad, AH, Latif, ZA, Ismail, R & Pradhan, B 2013, 'Coupling of remote sensing data and environmental-related parameters for dengue transmission risk assessment in Subang Jaya, Malaysia', Geocarto International, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 258-272.
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Dong, H & Hussain, FK 2013, 'SOF: a semi-supervised ontology-learning-based focused crawler', CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE, vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 1755-1770.
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The rapid increase in the volume of data available on the Internet makes it increasingly impractical for a crawler to index the whole Web. Instead, many intelligent crawlers, known as ontology-based semantic focused crawlers, have been designed by making use of Semantic Web technologies for topic-centered Web information crawling. Ontologies, however, have constraints of validity and time, which may influence the performance of the crawlers. Ontology-learning-based focused crawlers are therefore designed to automatically evolve ontologies by integrating ontology learning technologies. Nevertheless, surveys indicate that the existing ontology-learning-based focused crawlers do not have the capability to automatically enrich the content of ontologies, which makes these crawlers unreliable in the open and heterogeneous Web environment. Hence, in this paper, we propose a framework for a novel semi-supervised ontology-learning-based focused (SOF) crawler, the SOF crawler, which embodies a series of schemas for ontology generation and Web information formatting, a semi-supervised ontology learning framework, and a hybrid Web page classification approach aggregated by a group of support vector machine models. A series of tests are implemented to evaluate the technical feasibility of this proposed framework. The conclusion and the future work are summarized in the final section

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2013, 'Semantic Web Service matchmakers: state of the art andchallenges', CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 961-988.
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Web services provide a standard means for the interoperable operations between electronic devices in a network. The mission of Web service discovery is to seek an appropriate Web service for a service requester on the basis of the service descriptions in Web service advertisements and the service requesterâs requirements. Nevertheless, the standard language used for encoding service descriptions does not have the capacity to specify the capabilities of a Web service, leading to the problem of ambiguity in the service discovery process. This brings up the vision of SemanticWeb Services and SemanticWeb Service discovery, which make use of the SemanticWeb technologies to enrich the semantics of service descriptions for service discovery. Semantic Web Service matchmakers are the programs or frameworks designed to implement the task of Semantic Web Service discovery and have drawn a significant amount of attention from both academia and industry from the start of this century. In this paper, we conduct a survey of the contemporary Semantic Web Service matchmakers in order to obtain an overview of the state of the art in this research area. We summarize six technical dimensions from the past literature and analyze the typical Semantic Web Service matchmakers mostly developed during the past 4 or 5 years in terms of the six dimensions. By means of this analysis, we gain an understanding of the current research and summarize a series of potential issues to that would provide the foundation for future research in this area. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Dong, X, Liu, E, Yang, J & Wu, Q 2013, 'MEGH: A New Affine Invariant Descriptor', KSII TRANSACTIONS ON INTERNET AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 1690-1704.
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An affine invariant descriptor is proposed, which is able to well represent the affine covariant regions. Estimating main orientation is still problematic in many existing method, such as SIFT (scale invariant feature transform) and SURF (speeded up robust features). Instead of aligning the estimated main orientation, in this paper ellipse orientation is directly used. According to ellipse orientation, affine covariant regions are firstly divided into 4 sub-regions with equal angles. Since affine covariant regions are divided from the ellipse orientation, the divided sub-regions are rotation invariant regardless the rotation, if any, of ellipse. Meanwhile, the affine covariant regions are normalized into a circular region. In the end, the gradients of pixels in the circular region are calculated and the partition-based descriptor is created by using the gradients. Compared with the existing descriptors including MROGH, SIFT, GLOH, PCA-SIFT and spin images, the proposed descriptor demonstrates superior performance according to extensive experiments. © 2013 KSII.

Dong, Y, Hong, W-C, Xu, Y & Yu, S 2013, 'Numerical scales generated individually for analytic hierarchy process', European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 229, no. 3, pp. 654-662.
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Dong, Y, Zhang, G, Hong, W-C & Yu, S 2013, 'Linguistic Computational Model Based on 2-Tuples and Intervals', IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1006-1018.
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Doss, R, Zhou, W & Yu, S 2013, 'Secure RFID Tag Ownership Transfer Based on Quadratic Residues', IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 390-401.
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Dragos, J & Wu, C 2013, 'A new general approach to derive normalised pressure impulse curves', International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 62, pp. 1-12.
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Dragos, J, Wu, C & Oehlers, DJ 2013, 'Simplification of fully confined blasts for structural response analysis', Engineering Structures, vol. 56, pp. 312-326.
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Dragos, J, Wu, C & Vugts, K 2013, 'Pressure-Impulse Diagrams for an Elastic-Plastic Member under Confined Blasts', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 143-162.
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Pressure-impulse (P-I) diagrams based on the equivalent single-degree-of-freedom approach (SDOF) have been used during building design in order to assess the effects of blasts on structures. They provide an easy way to describe the likely outcome of the combination of blast pressures and impulses on a particular structural element in a building at the moment an explosion occurs. However, only P-I diagrams of structural members under external blasts have been addressed in current guidelines and previous studies. Due to the complexity of confined scenarios, confined blast pressure-time histories cannot be approximated by simplified representations of pressure-time histories used for external blasts, such as triangular shapes representing linear decay or curves indicating exponential decay. Rather, they should be simplified as bilinear pressure-time histories. Thus, SDOF models which incorporate bilinear blast loads were developed to predict the response of a member with a bilinear, elastic-plastic-hardening, resistance-deflection function. Then using the developed SDOF model, normalised P-I Diagrams for structural members with bilinear resistance-deflection functions under bilinear blasts were generated. These results were then used to undertake a parametric study to investigate the influence of varying blast load shapes and varying bilinear resistance-deflection function shapes on the normalised P-I curves. Also, comparisons against other techniques employed to eliminate pulse load shape effects were also undertaken for bilinear pulse loads and bilinear resistance-deflection function shapes.

Dragos, J, Wu, C, Haskett, M & Oehlers, D 2013, 'Derivation of Normalized Pressure Impulse Curves for Flexural Ultra High Performance Concrete Slabs', Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 139, no. 6, pp. 875-885.
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Du, R, Wu, Q, He, X & Yang, J 2013, 'MIL-SKDE: Multiple-instance learning with supervised kernel density estimation', Signal Processing, vol. 93, no. 6, pp. 1471-1484.
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Multiple-instance learning (MIL) is a variation on supervised learning. Instead of receiving a set of labeled instances, the learner receives a set of bags that are labeled. Each bag contains many instances. The aim of MIL is to classify new bags or instances. In this work, we propose a novel algorithm, MIL-SKDE (multiple-instance learning with supervised kernel density estimation), which addresses MIL problem through an extended framework of KDE (kernel density estimation)+mean shift. Since the KDE+mean shift framework is an unsupervised learning method, we extend KDE to its supervised version, called supervised KDE (SKDE), by considering class labels of samples. To seek the modes (local maxima) of SKDE, we also extend mean shift to a supervised version by taking into account sample labels. SKDE is an alternative of the well-known diverse density estimation (DDE) whose modes are called concepts. Comparing to DDE, SKDE is more convenient to learn multi-modal concepts and robust to labeling noise (mistakenly labeled bags). Finally, each bag is mapped into a concept space where the multi-class SVM classifiers are learned. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art MIL approaches. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Du, Y, Lu, DD-C, James, G & Cornforth, DJ 2013, 'Modeling and analysis of current harmonic distortion from grid connected PV inverters under different operating conditions', Solar Energy, vol. 94, pp. 182-194.
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Du, ZS & Watterson, PA 2013, 'Design and implementation of a radial magnetic bearing with permanent magnet bias', Australian Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 167-174.
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A new yoke winding for a radial magnetic bearing with permanent magnet bias fl ux is investigated and shown to reduce the copper loss and copper cost, by 32% in the prototype built. Magnetic circuit analysis neglecting fringing was found to give a poor estimate of the permanent magnet bias fl ux and 3D fi nite element analysis (FEA) would be needed to model it. However, 2D FEA was suffi cient to model the magnetic fi eld and force in the plane of the stator laminations, providing that the correct bias fl ux was imposed as a boundary condition. Solutions for the axial magnetic vector potential component Az were obtained, with a discontinuity prescribed across a cut from the inner to outer domain boundary. A small prototype was built and tested on a shaft whose other end was supported by a ball bearing race with free angular movement. For each of the horizontal and vertical directions, closed loop control was applied with Hall elements providing the shaft position signal. A lead-lag controller, designed using Matlab Simulink and implemented in Turbo Pascal 6, levitated the rotor

Duc, H, Azzi, M, Wahid, H & Ha, QP 2013, 'Background ozone level in the Sydney basin: assessment and trend analysis', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 2298-2308.
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It has been recognized that the background ozone concentration in urban areas is changing over the years. This article aims to determine the background ozone level (BOL) using ambient air quality data measurements collected at some monitoring stations in the Sydney basin, Australia. A definition of background ozone in the context of the Sydney region is proposed. With this definition, it is possible to estimate the background ozone using ambient measurements of ozone and its precursors. The trend of the BOL is also estimated from the temporal ambient monitoring records as of early 1998-2005. These ozone level changes at different monitoring stations are assessed using the linear regression method. The results are shown to vary between different monitoring sites. This demonstrates that the local conditions at each site are important in determining as to whether an air quality management plan for reducing the ozone level to below the exceedance level is effective and achievable or not. Furthermore, the results obtained are compared with those obtained by the ClappJenkin method, which is based on the relationship between oxidant and nitrogen oxides, assuming a stationary state of photochemical smog function.

Eager, DB, Scarrott, C, Nixon, J & Alexander, K 2013, 'Injury survey of a non-traditional 'soft-edged' trampoline designed to lower equipment hazards', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INJURY CONTROL AND SAFETY PROMOTION, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 42-49.
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In Australia trampolines contribute one quarter of all childhood play equipment injuries. The objective of this study was to gather and evaluate injury data from a non-traditional, 'soft-edged', consumer trampoline, where the design aimed to minimise injuries from the equipment and from falling off. The manufacturer of the non-traditional trampoline provided the University of Technology Sydney with their Australian customer database. The study involved surveys in Queensland and New South Wales, between May 2007 and March 2010. Initially injury data was gathered by a phone interview pilot study, then in the full study, through an email survey. The 3817 respondents were the carers of child users of the 'soft-edge' trampolines. Responses were compared with Australian and US emergency department data. In both countries the proportion of injuries caused by the equipment and falling off was compared with the proportion caused by the jumpers to themselves or each other. The comparisons showed a significantly lower proportion resulted from falling-off or hitting the equipment for this design when compared to traditional trampolines, both in Australia and the US. This research concludes that equipment-induced and falling-off injuries, the more severe injuries on traditional trampolines, can be significantly reduced with appropriate trampoline design. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

El Saliby, I, Erdei, L, Kim, J-H & Shon, HK 2013, 'Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue over hydrogen-titanate nanofibres produced by a peroxide method', WATER RESEARCH, vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 4115-4125.
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In this study, Degussa P25 TiO2 was partially dissolved in a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide at high pH. The fabrication of nanofibres proceeded by the hydrothermal treatment of the solution at 80 C. This was followed by acid wash in HCl at pH 2 for 60 min, which resulted in the formation of hydrogenetitanate nanofibres. The nanofibres were annealed at 550 C for 6 h to produce crystalline anatase nanofibres. The nanofibres were characterised for physico-chemical modifications and tested for the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue as a model water pollutant. An average specific surface area of 31.54 m2/g, average pore volume of 0.10 cm3/g and average pore size of 50 A were recorded. The nanofibres were effective adsorbents of the model pollutant and adsorbents and good photocatalysts under simulated solar light illumination. No reduction in photocatalytic activity was observed over three complete treatment cycles, and the effective separation of nanofibres was achieved by gravity settling resulting in low residual solution turbidity.

Elsener, R, Dackermann, U, Li, J, Samali, B & Crews, K 2013, 'Experimental Investigations of Material Properties of Timber Utility Poles using various Material Testing Approaches', STRUCTURAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF TIMBER STRUCTURES, vol. 778, pp. 265-272.
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Emaus, N, Nguyen, ND, Almaas, B, Berntsen, GK, Center, JR, Christensen, M, Gjesdal, CG, Grimsgaard, AS, Nguyen, TV, Salomonsen, L, Eisman, JA & Fønnebø, VM 2013, 'Serum level of under-carboxylated osteocalcin and bone mineral density in early menopausal Norwegian women', European Journal of Nutrition, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 49-55.
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Serum level of under-carboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) is considered a sensitive measure of vitamin K status, and ucOC levels are associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk in elderly persons. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between ucOC and BMD in early menopausal women. The data reported here come from the enrolment in a double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized trial comprising 334 healthy Norwegian women between 50 and 60 years, 1-5 years after menopause, not using warfarin or medication known to affect bone metabolism. Total hip, femoral neck, lumbar spine, and total body BMD and serum level of ucOC and total osteocalcin were measured, and information of lifestyle was collected through questionnaires. The association between ucOC and BMD at all measurement sites was assessed by multiple regression analyses adjusting for possible confounding variables. The absolute serum level of ucOC was significantly and negatively associated with BMD at all measurements sites, both in univariate analyses (p < 0.01) and in multivariate analyses adjusting for years since menopause, smoking status and weight (p < 0.01). However, serum ucOC, expressed as percentage of the total osteocalcin level, was not associated with BMD at any site. Achievement of adequate vitamin K nutritional intake is important, but ucOC expressed as percentage of total osteocalcin levels as reflection of vitamin K status does not seem to play a central role in determining BMD levels in early menopausal women.

Esfijani, A, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2013, 'University social responsibility ontology', Engineering Intelligent Systems, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 271-281.
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This paper draws on the existing body of knowledge to develop an ontology for university social responsibility (USR). There are numerous terms and definitions for USR in the existing literature. However, there is no consensus among them. In order to address this issue, we used a semi-automated text mining approach for ontology engineering. The developed ontology covered USR and its associated terms by which social responsibilities of a university to its communities have been described in the existing literature. The developed ontology, which is an explicit specification of USR concept, its components and their relationships, can contribute to develop a unified understanding of the concept for measurement purposes. © 2013 CRL Publishing Ltd.

Fam, W, Phuntsho, S, Lee, JH & Shon, HK 2013, 'Performance comparison of thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 51, no. 31-33, pp. 6274-6280.
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Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging low-energy technology. Much effort was given on developing a new membrane material and engineering membrane structure to improve the performance of FO membranes. The performances of two newly developed polyamide-based thin-film composite (TFC) FO membranes were tested and compared with the commercially available cellulose triacetate (CTA) FO membrane. The intrinsic properties of the two TFC FO membranes determined in RO experiments indicate superior performance of the membranes. When tested in FO experiments, TFC membranes delivered consistent results, confirming their outstanding permeability and selectivity properties. The study shows that future studies on membrane fouling will be necessary to have a better understanding of membrane performance and to further optimize membrane properties. © 2013 Copyright Balaban Desalination Publications.

Fan, J, Wang, W, Zhang, B, Guo, Y, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, Zhang, J & Wu, H 2013, 'Nitrogen removal in intermittently aerated vertical flow constructed wetlands: Impact of influent COD/N ratios', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 143, no. 1, pp. 461-466.
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The performance response of eight vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) to different influent COD/N ratios and intermittent aeration in domestic wastewater treatment was investigated. Almost complete nitrification was obtained by intermittent aeration, which well developed alternate anaerobic and aerobic conditions for nitrification and denitrification. Sufficient carbon source supply resulted from influent COD/N ratio of 10 simultaneously obtained high removals of COD (96%), ammonia nitrogen (99%) and total nitrogen (90%) in intermittently aerated VFCWs. In all non-aerated VFCWs, poor nitrification was observed due to oxygen deficiency whilst high COD/N ratios further led to lower COD and nitrogen removal efficiency. The results suggest that intermittent aeration combined with high influent COD/N ratios could achieve high nitrogen removal in VFCWs.

Fan, J, Zhang, B, Zhang, J, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, Liu, F, Guo, Y & Wu, H 2013, 'Intermittent aeration strategy to enhance organics and nitrogen removal in subsurface flow constructed wetlands', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 141, no. 1, pp. 117-122.
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In this study, an intermittent-aerated subsurface flow constructed wetland (SFCW) A was set up to assess its performance in decentralized rural sewage treatment. A conventional SFCW B and a subsurface wastewater infiltration system (SWIS C) were also constructed for comparison. Alternate anaerobic and aerobic conditions were well developed by intermittent aeration. High removal of organic pollutants (29.3 g m-2 d-1), ammonium nitrogen (3.5 g m-2 d-1) and total nitrogen (3.3 g m-2 d-1) were obtained simultaneously in SFCW A compared with SFCW B and SWIS C. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis proved that the intermittent aeration obviously enhanced the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in SFCW A. These results suggest that intermittent aeration strategy is reliable to enhance the performance of SFCWs in decentralized rural sewage treatment.

Fang, J, Gao, Y, Sun, G & Li, Q 2013, 'Multiobjective reliability-based optimization for design of a vehicledoor', Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, vol. 67, pp. 13-21.
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Fatahi, B & Khabbaz, H 2013, 'Optimising the pattern of semi-rigid columns to improve performance of rail tracks overlying soft soil formation', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 89-97.
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With Australia facing a rapid increase in population in the next 30 years, the government is being proactive in handling the forecasted growth. The release of 2010 Metropolitan Transport Plan by the New South Wales (NSW) Government shows that the State of NSW will see an increase in commuter travel by rail. The NSW rail system is one of the most complex networks in the world and due to population growth, the network will require further expansion with construction of new railway lines partly on weak and marginal ground and will also require more frequent train running on existing lines. This study seeks to identify the effectiveness of semi-rigid inclusion ground improvement techniques particularly stone columns and deep soil mixing in controlling settlement of soft soils when placed under the dead loads of the rail structure and the large live loads of freight trains. The employed numerical study assesses the relationship between the column position in the track cross section and the overall settlement of the ballasted rail formation. The numerical results show that the overall settlement of the track reduces significantly with the use of columns close to the centre of the track and not just under the rail. In addition, application of one layer of geogrids between sub-ballast and sub-grade assists to reduce the maximum settlement of track decreasing the future maintenance costs.

Fatahi, B & Khabbaz, H 2013, 'PREDICTING SETTLEMENT OF CHEMICALLY STABILISED LANDFILLS', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMATE, vol. 5, no. 10, pp. 700-705.

Fatahi, B, Fatahi, B, Le, TM & Khabbaz, H 2013, 'Small-strain properties of soft clay treated with fibre and cement', GEOSYNTHETICS INTERNATIONAL, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 286-300.
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To improve the dynamic properties of soft soil, the cement treatment technique combined with fibre reinforcement can be employed. In this study, the effects of two types of fibres (polypropylene and recycled carpet) on the hardening process and small-strain properties of cement-treated kaolinite and bentonite clays are investigated. Cement-treated clay specimens were prepared using cement contents of 5%, 10% and 15% by weight of dry soil for the kaolinite samples, and 30%, 40% and 50% for the bentonite samples. To investigate and understand the influence of different fibre types and contents, three different percentages of fibre content were adopted: 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5% polypropylene fibres, and 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% carpet fibres. The results of bender element tests on 126 cylindrical samples of cement-treated clay with various cement and fibre contents were analysed to discern the relationships between fibre and cement content and the small-strain mechanical properties, including the shear wave velocity and maximum small-strain shear modulus of the treated soil. The influence of fibres and cement contents on the hardening time of treated soil has also been investigated. © 2013 Thomas Telford Ltd.

Fatahi, B, Le, TM, Fatahi, B & Khabbaz, H 2013, 'Shrinkage Properties of Soft Clay Treated with Cement and Geofibers', Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 1421-1435.
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In this study, effects of two types of geofibers, namely polypropylene and recycled carpet, on three dimensional shrinkage properties of cement treated kaolinite and bentonite clays are investigated. Cement treated clay specimens were prepared with cement contents of 5, 10, and 15 % by weight of dry soil for kaolinite samples, and 30, 40 and 50 % for bentonite samples. To investigate and understand the influence of different fiber types and contents, three different percentages of fiber content (i.e. 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 % polypropylene fibers; and 0.5, 0.75 and 1 % carpet fibers) were adopted. The results of shrinkage tests on 126 cylindrical samples of cement treated clay with various cement and fiber contents were analysed to understand the relationships between these parameters and the shrinkage percentage of treated soil. Results of this study indicate that combination of cement and fiber is effective in reducing the volume change of clayey soils undergoing drying process. In the applied ranges of cement and fiber contents, the influence of cement addition on the shrinkage reduction is more significant than the addition of fibers for the treated kaolinite. However, addition of fibers in curtailing the shrinkage of bentonite clay is more significant than the cement addition. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

Fatahi, B, Le, TM, Le, MQ & Khabbaz, H 2013, 'Soil creep effects on ground lateral deformation and pore water pressure under embankments', Geomechanics and Geoengineering, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 107-124.
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Analysing the behaviour of the soft ground under embankments is a challenging task and is of significant interest to practising geotechnical engineers. This paper revisits a well known case study of an embankment of Boston Blue Clay, which was thoroughly instrumented and measured with piezometers, settlement rods and inclinometers over a long time period during and after construction. The soil parameters were very comprehensively collected by both in situ and laboratory tests in several major test programs. The behaviour of the ground considering the modified Cam-Clay model including and excluding soil creep is simulated using finite element method. The analysed data are verified with field measurements and a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the influence of creep index on excess pore water pressures generated and the displacement of the ground under the embankment. It is observed that both horizontal displacements and excess pore water pressures of the ground under the embankment increased by the creep index. Thus effects of soil creep should be precisely considered in predicting the ground performance under embankments. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Fauzi, H, Metselaar, HSC, Mahlia, TMI, Silakhori, M & Nur, H 2013, 'Phase change material: Optimizing the thermal properties and thermal conductivity of myristic acid/palmitic acid eutectic mixture with acid-based surfactants', Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 60, no. 1-2, pp. 261-265.
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Felder, RM & Hadgraft, RG 2013, 'Educational Practice and Educational Research in Engineering: Partners, Antagonists, or Ships Passing in the Night?', Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 339-345.
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Feng, Y, Yu, N & Ying, M 2013, 'Model checking quantum Markov chains', JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AND SYSTEM SCIENCES, vol. 79, no. 7, pp. 1181-1198.
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Although security of quantum cryptography is provable based on principles of quantum mechanics, it can be compromised by flaws in the design of quantum protocols. So, it is indispensable to develop techniques for verifying and debugging quantum cryptographic systems. Model-checking has proved to be effective in the verification of classical cryptographic protocols, but an essential difficulty arises when it is applied to quantum systems: the state space of a quantum system is always a continuum even when its dimension is finite. To overcome this difficulty, we introduce a novel notion of quantum Markov chain, especially suited for modelling quantum cryptographic protocols, in which quantum effects are encoded as super-operators labelling transitions, leaving the location information (nodes) being classical. Then we define a quantum extension of probabilistic computation tree logic (PCTL) and develop a model-checking algorithm for quantum Markov chains. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ferrie, C 2013, 'High posterior density ellipsoids of quantum states', New J. Phys., vol. 16, p. 023006.
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Regions of quantum states generalize the classical notion of error bars. Highposterior density (HPD) credible regions are the most powerful of regionestimators. However, they are intractably hard to construct in general. Thispaper reports on a numerical approximation to HPD regions for the purpose oftesting a much more computationally and conceptually convenient class ofregions: posterior covariance ellipsoids (PCEs). The PCEs are defined via thecovariance matrix of the posterior probability distribution of states. Here itis shown that PCEs are near optimal for the example of Pauli measurements onmultiple qubits. Moreover, the algorithm is capable of producing accurate PCEregions even when there is uncertainty in the model.

Ferrie, C & Combes, J 2013, 'Weak value amplification is suboptimal for estimation and detection', Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 112, no. 4, p. 040406.
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We show using statistically rigorous arguments that the technique of weakvalue amplification (WVA) does not perform better than standard statisticaltechniques for the tasks of single parameter estimation and signal detection.Specifically we prove that post-selection, a necessary ingredient for WVA,decreases estimation accuracy and, moreover, arranging for anomalously largeweak values is a suboptimal strategy. In doing so, we explicitly provide theoptimal estimator, which in turn allows us to identify the optimal experimentalarrangement to be the one in which all outcomes have equal weak values (all assmall as possible) and the initial state of the meter is the maximal eigenvalueof the square of the system observable. Finally, we give precise quantitativeconditions for when weak measurement (measurements without post-selection oranomalously large weak values) can mitigate the effect of uncharacterizedtechnical noise in estimation.

Ferrie, C & Granade, CE 2013, 'Likelihood-free methods for quantum parameter estimation', Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 112, no. 13, pp. 130402-5.
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In this Letter, we strengthen and extend the connection between simulationand estimation to exploit simulation routines that do not exactly compute theprobability of experimental data, known as the likelihood function. Rather, weprovide an explicit algorithm for estimating parameters of physical modelsgiven access to a simulator which is only capable of producing sample outcomes.Since our algorithm does not require that a simulator be able to efficientlycompute exact probabilities, it is able to exponentially outperform standardalgorithms based on exact computation. In this way, our algorithm opens thedoor for the application of new insights and resources to the problem ofcharacterizing large quantum systems, which is exponentially intractable usingstandard simulation resources.

Fis, AM & Çetindamar, D 2013, 'Start-Up Information Search Practices: The Case of Turkey', Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 22-36.
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Information search may be especially crucial in an emerging economy context where gaps in knowledge are magnified due to the limited availability, accessibility, and quality of sources. Under the framework of social embeddedness, we observe the role of previous entrepreneurial experience in information search conducted during start-up. The impact of information search on future growth is also explored. Based on an empirical study of 172 Turkish entrepreneurs, the results indicate that (1) first-time entrepreneurs search more intensely, (2) first-time entrepreneurs utilize a greater number of formal resources, and (3) the intensity of information search is positively related with future growth.

Forsythe, P, Jupp, J & Sawhney, A 2013, 'Building Information Modelling in Tertiary Construction Project Management Education: A Programme-wide Implementation Strategy', Journal for Education in the Built Environment, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 16-34.
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This paper reports on the on-going development of teaching and learning supported by Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the undergraduate Construction Project Management Programme at the University of Technology Sydney. BIM is a model-driven approach to designing, constructing, operating and maintaining buildings and civil engineering facilities. The model that forms the core of the BIM approach is a smart, shared and computable three-dimensional model of the building or the civil engineering facility. At its heart, BIM and Virtual Construction Models (VCMs) are used to facilitate a more integrated and visual mode of teaching. The approach provides a new basis for developing problem based learning - one that has the potential to allow students to aggregate their learning around a central project whilst enabling problems to be scaled at different levels of complexity. This approach aims to better integrate and link individual subjects together as well as improve the development of core student attributes such as communication, understanding, decision making, collaboration and information gathering skills; very much mimicking the on-going technology driven transformation happening in industry. The VCMs aim to be regularly used in various formats as students progress through their undergraduate degree programme - and we adopt the term `vertical problems' to capture the way models and problem based learning are being utilised, where staff author `sub-plots' that utilise information models in a way that best suits their specific subjects, e.g. cost, time, quality, sustainability subject areas. To this end, the article reports on findings from the research, development and early implementation stages of a programme-wide teaching and learning proposition supported by BIM. This includes a typology that helps target varying degrees of model utilisation and diffusion in given subjects and transitional requirements for both staff and students.

Fowler, AG, Devitt, SJ & Jones, C 2013, 'Surface code implementation of block code state distillation', Scientific Reports, vol. 3, no. 1.
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Frati, F, Gaspers, S, Gudmundsson, J & Mathieson, L 2013, 'Augmenting graphs to minimize the diameter', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 8283 LNCS, pp. 383-393.
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We study the problem of augmenting a weighted graph by inserting edges ofbounded total cost while minimizing the diameter of the augmented graph. Ourmain result is an FPT 4-approximation algorithm for the problem.

Frost, SA, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2013, 'Excess mortality attributable to hip-fracture: A relative survival analysis', Bone, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 23-29.
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Introduction: Individuals with hip fracture are at substantially increased risk of mortality. The aim of this study was to estimate the excess mortality attributable to hip fracture in elderly men and women. Methods: The Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study was designed as a prospective epidemiologic investigation, in which more than 2000 men and women aged 60+ as of 1989 had been followed for 21 years. During the follow-up period, the incidence of atraumatic hip fractures was ascertained by X-ray reports, and mortality was ascertained by the New South Wales Birth, Death and Marriage Registry. Relative survival ratios were estimated by taking into account the age-and-sex specific expected survival in the general Australian population from 1989 to 2010. Results: During the follow-up period 151 women and 55 men sustained a hip fracture. Death occurred in 86 (57%) women and 36 (66%) men. In women, the cumulative relative survival post hip-fracture at 1, 5 and 10 years was 0.83 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76-0.89), 0.59 (95% CI 0.48-0.68), and 0.31 (95% Cl 0.20-0.43), respectively; in men, the corresponding estimates of relative survival were: 0.63 (95% CI 0.48-0.75), 0.48 (95% CI 0.32-0.63), and 0.36 (95% CI 0.18-0.56). On average post hip-fracture women died 4 years earlier (median: 4.1, inter-quartile range (IQR) 1.7-7.8) and men died 5 years earlier (median = 4.8, IQR 2.4-7.0) than expected. For every six women and for every three men with hip fracture one extra death occurred above that expected in the background population. Conclusion: Hip fracture is associated with reduced life expectancy, with men having a greater reduction than women, even after accounting for time-related changes in background mortality in the population. These data underscore that hip fracture is an independent clinical risk factor for mortality.

Fu, Q, Halim, A, Kim, J, Scofield, JMP, Gurr, PA, Kentish, SE & Qiao, GG 2013, 'Highly permeable membrane materials for CO2 capture', Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 1, no. 44, pp. 13769-13769.
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Fujioka, T, Khan, SJ, McDonald, JA, Henderson, RK, Poussade, Y, Drewes, JE & Nghiem, LD 2013, 'Effects of membrane fouling on N-nitrosamine rejection by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes', Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 427, pp. 311-319.
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Fujioka, T, Khan, SJ, McDonald, JA, Roux, A, Poussade, Y, Drewes, JE & Nghiem, LD 2013, 'N-nitrosamine rejection by reverse osmosis membranes: A full-scale study', Water Research, vol. 47, no. 16, pp. 6141-6148.
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Fujioka, T, Oshima, N, Suzuki, R, Khan, SJ, Roux, A, Poussade, Y, Drewes, JE & Nghiem, LD 2013, 'Rejection of small and uncharged chemicals of emerging concern by reverse osmosis membranes: The role of free volume space within the active skin layer', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 116, pp. 426-432.
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FURQAN, F & HOANG, DB 2013, 'Wireless Fair Intelligent Congestion Control — A QoS Performance Evaluation', Journal of Interconnection Networks, vol. 14, no. 03, pp. 1360001-1360001.
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In Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) networks, provisioning of Quality of Service (QoS) is absolutely essential for real time and non real time services. Congestion in these networks can lead to deterioration in QoS experienced by the network users. Congestion avoidance is rarely considered to ensure the QoS of wireless connections. Efforts are mainly aimed at reducing the overload once it has occurred. To avoid congestion at the base station in WiMAX networks, the WiMAX Fair Intelligent Congestion Control (WFICC) was proposed to ensure the traffic is scheduled in such a way that the base station output buffer operates around a target operating point without violating the QoS requirements of connections. The aim of this paper is to investigate WFICC thoroughly and evaluate its performance in terms of throughput, delay and jitter for different Classes of Services (CoSs) under various parameter settings of the algorithm. A detailed and comprehensive simulation study on various settings of parameters is performed in ns-2. The results show that WFICC performs excellently in allocating resources fairly among Class of Services (CoSs) and also preserves their QoS requirements. Furthermore, WFICC is robust and easily adapted to various traffic conditions.

Furrer, F, Berta, M, Tomamichel, M, Scholz, VB & Christandl, M 2013, 'Position-Momentum Uncertainty Relations in the Presence of Quantum Memory', J. Math. Phys., vol. 55, no. 12, p. 122205.
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A prominent formulation of the uncertainty principle identifies thefundamental quantum feature that no particle may be prepared with certainoutcomes for both position and momentum measurements. Often the statisticaluncertainties are thereby measured in terms of entropies providing a clearoperational interpretation in information theory and cryptography. Recently,entropic uncertainty relations have been used to show that the uncertainty canbe reduced in the presence of entanglement and to prove security of quantumcryptographic tasks. However, much of this recent progress has been focused onobservables with only a finite number of outcomes not including Heisenberg'soriginal setting of position and momentum observables. Here we show entropicuncertainty relations for general observables with discrete but infinite orcontinuous spectrum that take into account the power of an entangled observer.As an illustration, we evaluate the uncertainty relations for position andmomentum measurements, which is operationally significant in that it impliessecurity of a quantum key distribution scheme based on homodyne detection ofsqueezed Gaussian states.

Gad Mohsen, M & Dacko, S 2013, 'An extension of the benefit segmentation base for the consumption of organic foods: A time perspective', Journal of Marketing Management, vol. 29, no. 15-16, pp. 1701-1728.
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Benefit segmentation is a long-standing marketing approach that emphasises the 'what' and 'how' dimensions of consumer benefits; that is, what benefits consumers perceive in product/service consumption, and how such benefits are perceived. This research proposes a fresh time-based approach to benefit segmentation - namely, focusing on the 'when' element or when in time benefits take effect. Drawing upon a survey of UK consumers, it explains and discusses consumption motivations through examining antecedents of temporally dominated benefits in application to organic food. Specifically, the study investigates why some consumers predominantly seek present-based benefits vis-à-vis future-based benefits or vice versa in organic food purchase and consumption behaviour. Using correlation and regression analyses, the research findings establish significant associations of level of involvement, prior knowledge level, and product usage level, and some association of time orientation with the temporally emphasised consumption benefits consumers ultimately pursue. Overall, the research highlights the added contribution of a time perspective in a benefit segmentation approach which can assist marketers in understanding better and communicating more effectively with consumers through drawing up consumer profiles based on when in time their dominantly pursued benefit for an offering is perceived to take effect. © 2013 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis.

Gallego-Ortega, D, Oakes, SR, Lee, HJ, Piggin, CL & Ormandy, CJ 2013, 'ELF5, normal mammary development and the heterogeneous phenotypes of breast cancer', Breast Cancer Management, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 489-498.
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SUMMARY The ETS transcription factor ELF5 specifies the formation of the secretory cell lineage of the mammary gland during pregnancy, by directing cell fate decisions of the mammary progenitor cells. The decision-making activity continues in breast cancer, where in luminal breast cancer cells forced ELF5 expression suppresses estrogen sensitivity and shifts gene expression toward the basal molecular subtype. The development of anti-estrogen resistance in luminal breast cancer is accompanied by increased expression of ELF5 and acquired dependence on ELF5 for continued proliferation, providing a potential new therapeutic target or prognostic marker to improve the treatment of this stage of the disease. Forced ELF5 expression suppresses the mesenchymal phenotype, making cells more epithelial and producing lower rates of invasion and motility. Conversely, loss of ELF5 promotes metastasis, with a clear corollary in the claudin-low subtype of breast cancer, which does not express ELF5 and is highly metastatic, or during the final stages of tumor progression, where loss of ELF5 expression may be involved in the acquisition of the lethal phenotype. In circumstances where ELF5 expression increases in parallel with metastatic potential, such as anti-estrogen resistant luminal breast cancers and basal breast cancer, there is much more to be understood about ELF5 and metastasis.

Gandomi, A & Zolfaghari, S 2013, 'Profitability of loyalty reward programs: An analytical investigation', Omega, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 797-807.
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Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH, Shadmehri, DM & Sahab, MG 2013, 'An empirical model for shear capacity of RC deep beams using genetic-simulated annealing', Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 354-369.
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Gandomi, AH, Fridline, MM & Roke, DA 2013, 'Decision Tree Approach for Soil Liquefaction Assessment', The Scientific World Journal, vol. 2013, pp. 1-8.
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In the current study, the performances of some decision tree (DT) techniques are evaluated for postearthquake soil liquefaction assessment. A database containing 620 records of seismic parameters and soil properties is used in this study. Three decision tree techniques are used here in two different ways, considering statistical and engineering points of view, to develop decision rules. The DT results are compared to the logistic regression (LR) model. The results of this study indicate that the DTs not only successfully predict liquefaction but they can also outperform the LR model. The best DT models are interpreted and evaluated based on an engineering point of view.

Gandomi, AH, Roke, DA & Sett, K 2013, 'Genetic programming for moment capacity modeling of ferrocement members', Engineering Structures, vol. 57, pp. 169-176.
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Gandomi, AH, Talatahari, S, Tadbiri, F & Alavi, AH 2013, 'Krill herd algorithm for optimum design of truss structures', International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 281-281.
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Gandomi, AH, Talatahari, S, Yang, X & Deb, S 2013, 'Design optimization of truss structures using cuckoo search algorithm', The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, vol. 22, no. 17, pp. 1330-1349.
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SUMMARYA new metaheuristic optimization algorithm is developed to solve truss optimization problems. The new algorithm, called cuckoo search (CS), is examined by solving five truss design optimization problems with increasing numbers of design variables and complexity in constraints. The performance of the CS algorithm is further compared with various classical and advanced algorithms, selected from a wide range of the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms in the area. The results identify that the final solutions obtained by the CS are superior compared with the best solutions obtained by the other algorithms. Finally, the unique search features used in the CS and the implications for future researches are discussed in detail. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Gandomi, AH, Yang, X-S & Alavi, AH 2013, 'Cuckoo search algorithm: a metaheuristic approach to solve structural optimization problems', Engineering with Computers, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 17-35.
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Gandomi, AH, Yang, X-S & Alavi, AH 2013, 'Erratum to: Cuckoo search algorithm: a metaheuristic approach to solve structural optimization problems', Engineering with Computers, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 245-245.
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Gandomi, AH, Yang, X-S, Alavi, AH & Talatahari, S 2013, 'Bat algorithm for constrained optimization tasks', Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 1239-1255.
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Gandomi, AH, Yang, X-S, Talatahari, S & Alavi, AH 2013, 'Firefly algorithm with chaos', Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 89-98.
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Gandomi, AH, Yun, GJ & Alavi, AH 2013, 'An evolutionary approach for modeling of shear strength of RC deep beams', Materials and Structures, vol. 46, no. 12, pp. 2109-2119.
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Gandomi, AH, Yun, GJ, Yang, X-S & Talatahari, S 2013, 'Chaos-enhanced accelerated particle swarm optimization', Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 327-340.
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Gao, C, Meng, D, Yang, Y, Wang, Y, Zhou, X & Hauptmann, AG 2013, 'Infrared Patch-Image Model for Small Target Detection in a Single Image', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 4996-5009.
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The robust detection of small targets is one of the key techniques in infrared search and tracking applications. A novel small target detection method in a single infrared image is proposed in this paper. Initially, the traditional infrared image model is generalized to a new infrared patch-image model using local patch construction. Then, because of the non-local self-correlation property of the infrared background image, based on the new model small target detection is formulated as an optimization problem of recovering low-rank and sparse matrices, which is effectively solved using stable principle component pursuit. Finally, a simple adaptive segmentation method is used to segment the target image and the segmentation result can be refined by post-processing. Extensive synthetic and real data experiments show that under different clutter backgrounds the proposed method not only works more stably for different target sizes and signal-to-clutter ratio values, but also has better detection performance compared with conventional baseline methods. © 1992-2012 IEEE.

Gao, L, Li, M, Bonti, A, Zhou, W & Yu, S 2013, 'Multidimensional Routing Protocol in Human-Associated Delay-Tolerant Networks', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 2132-2144.
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Gao, S, Tsang, IW-H & Chia, L-T 2013, 'Laplacian Sparse Coding, Hypergraph Laplacian Sparse Coding, and Applications', IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 92-104.
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Sparse coding exhibits good performance in many computer vision applications. However, due to the overcomplete codebook and the independent coding process, the locality and the similarity among the instances to be encoded are lost. To preserve such locality and similarity information, we propose a Laplacian sparse coding (LSc) framework. By incorporating the similarity preserving term into the objective of sparse coding, our proposed Laplacian sparse coding can alleviate the instability of sparse codes. Furthermore, we propose a Hypergraph Laplacian sparse coding (HLSc), which extends our Laplacian sparse coding to the case where the similarity among the instances defined by a hypergraph. Specifically, this HLSc captures the similarity among the instances within the same hyperedge simultaneously, and also makes the sparse codes of them be similar to each other. Both Laplacian sparse coding and Hypergraph Laplacian sparse coding enhance the robustness of sparse coding. We apply the Laplacian sparse coding to feature quantization in Bag-of-Words image representation, and it outperforms sparse coding and achieves good performance in solving the image classification problem. The Hypergraph Laplacian sparse coding is also successfully used to solve the semi-auto image tagging problem. The good performance of these applications demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed formulations in locality and similarity preservation. © 1979-2012 IEEE.

Gao, XJ, Zhang, Q, Wei, DB, Jiao, SH & Jiang, ZY 2013, 'Dry Sliding Wear of As-Cast and Thermomechanically Processed Low Chromium White Cast Iron', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 797, pp. 725-730.
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This investigation attempts to improve the wear resistance of low chromium white cast iron (LCCI) by thermomechanical treatment. The thermomechanical treatment of the brittle LCCI with crack-free was successfully carried out by bonding it with a ductile low carbon steel firstly. Afterwards the dry sliding wear behavior of as-cast (LCCI-A) and thermomechanically processed (LCCI-B) samples was studied using a pin-on-disc apparatus under different test conditions. The microstructural examination shows that the refined supercooled austenite and plenty of secondary carbides in LCCI-B replaced the original microstructure of martensite and retained austenite with network carbide in LCCI-A. This significant evolution is beneficial to form and stabilise the oxide layer on the substrate, which makes the oxidational wear rather than abrasive wear or delamination dominating the wear process so that the improvement of the wear resistance of LCCI was achieved by hot working.

Gao, XJ, Zhang, Q, Wei, DB, Jiao, SH & Jiang, ZY 2013, 'Effects of thermal and thermomechanical treatments on sliding wear of graphite crystallised white cast iron', Wear, vol. 301, no. 1-2, pp. 656-662.
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The effects of thermal and thermomechanical treatments on sliding wear of graphite crystallised white cast iron (GWCI) were studied. Due to the inherent embrittlement of GWCI, a laminated metal in which the GWCI is cladded by low carbon steel was prepared for this study. Three cylindrical samples (GWCI-A, GWCI-B and GWCI-C) were machined from the same laminate. GWCI-A was kept in as-cast state while GWCI-B and GWCI-C underwent the thermal and thermomechanical treatments, respectively. The pin-on-disc type sliding wear tests were performed on the GWCI layers at room temperature. The microstructures and wear mechanisms were analysed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and the Vickers hardness test. Experimental results demonstrated that the GWCI, after laminating with ductile steel, can be deformed at high temperature with crack-free. The thermomechanical treatment produced a finer microstructure and crushed primary carbides in GWCI-C. Both GWCI-B and GWCI-C displayed plenty of secondary carbides in supercooled austenitic matrix, which was more favourable to squeeze the graphite and form the oxide layers than the matrix of martensite plus retained austenite in GWCI-A. The wear resistance of GWCI-C was superior to that of GWCI-A and GWCI-B because the oxidational wear rather than delamination dominated the sliding wear process.

Garde-Perik, EVD, Offermans, S, Boerdonk, KV, Lenssen, K-M & Hoven, EVD 2013, 'An analysis of input-output relations in interaction with smart tangible objects', ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1-20.
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This article focuses on the conceptual relation between the user's input and a system's output in interaction with smart tangible objects. Understanding this input-output relation (IO relation) is a prerequisite for the design of meaningful interaction. A meaningful IO relation allows the user to know what to do with a system to achieve a certain goal and to evaluate the outcome. The work discussed in this article followed a design research process in which four concepts were developed and prototyped. An evaluation was performed using these prototypes to investigate the effect of highly different IO relations on the user's understanding of the interaction. The evaluation revealed two types of IO relations differing in functionality and the number of mappings between the user and system actions. These two types of relations are described by two IO models that provide an overview of these mappings. Furthermore, they illustrate the role of the user and the influence of the system in the process of understanding the interaction. The analysis of the two types of IO models illustrates the value of understanding IO relations for the design of smart tangible objects.

Gardner, A & Willey, K 2013, 'Editorial', European Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 579-581.
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Ge, Y, Chen, M, Sun, Y, Li, Z, Wang, Y & Dutkiewicz, E 2013, 'QoS provisioning wireless multimedia transmission over cognitive radio networks', Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 213-229.
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The rapid growing of wireless multimedia applications increases the needs of spectrum resources, but today's spectrum resources have become more and more scarce and large part of the assigned spectrum is in an inefficiency usage. Cognitive Radio (CR) technologies are proposed to solve current spectrum inefficiency problems and offer users a ubiquitous wireless accessing environment, relying on dynamic spectrum allocation. However, there are two unsolved problems in previous work: 1) based on the simplified Quality of Service (QoS) uniform assumption, specific requirements of different wireless multimedia applications cannot be sati sfied; 2) aiming at single-objective optimization of spectrum utilization or handoff rate, the co-optimization of these two necessary objectives in CR networks has not been achieved. In this paper, we propose a Two-tier Cooperative Spectrum Allocation method (TCSA) to solve these two problems. TCSA consists of two functional parts: one is a Spectrum Adjacency Ranking algorithm implemented at the secondary users' terminals to satisfy the QoS requirements for different wireless multimedia applications; and the other is a Max Hyper-weight Matching algorithm implemented at the cognitive engines of CR networks to co-optimize spectrum utilization and secondary users' spectrum handoff rate. Simulation results show that, compared with the other Random matching algorithm and Cost minimized algorithm, TCSA can significantly improve the performance of CR networks in terms of secondary users' throughput and spectrum handoff rate. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Gentile, C, Muise-Helmericks, RC & Drake, CJ 2013, 'VEGF-mediated phosphorylation of eNOS regulates angioblast and embryonic endothelial cell proliferation', Developmental Biology, vol. 373, no. 1, pp. 163-175.
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Gil-Lafuente, AM & Merigo, JM 2013, 'Modelling and Simulation in Enterprises – MS’10 Barcelona', Kybernetes, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 251-269.
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Gil-Lafuente, AM & Merigo, JM 2013, 'Modelling and Simulation in Enterprises - MS'10 Barcelona', KYBERNETES, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 671-673.
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Gluga, R, Kay, J, Lister, R, Simon & Kleitman, S 2013, 'Mastering cognitive development theory in computer science education', Computer Science Education, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 24-57.
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Abstract: To design an effective computer science curriculum, educators require a systematic method of classifying the difficulty level of learning activities and assessment tasks. This is important for curriculum design and implementation and for communication between educators. Different educators must be able to use the method consistently, so that classified activities and assessments are comparable across the subjects of a degree, and, ideally, comparable across institutions. One widespread approach to supporting this is to write learning objects in terms of Blooms Taxonomy. This, or other such classifications, is likely to be more effective if educators can use them consistently, in the way experts would use them. To this end, we present the design and evaluation of our online interactive web-based tutorial system, which can be configured and used to offer training in different classification schemes. We report on results from three evaluations. First, 17 computer science educators complete a tutorial on using Blooms Taxonomy to classify programming examination questions. Second, 20 computer science educators complete a Neo-Piagetian tutorial. Third evaluation was a comparison of inter-rater reliability scores of computer science educators classifying programming questions using Blooms Taxonomy, before and after taking our tutorial. Based on the results from these evaluations, we discuss the effectiveness of our tutorial system design for teaching computer science educators how to systematically and consistently classify programming examination questions. We also discuss the suitability of Blooms Taxonomy and Neo-Piagetian theory for achieving this goal. The Blooms and Neo-Piagetian tutorials are made available as a community resource. The contributions of this paper are the following: the tutorial system for learning classification schemes for the purpose of coding the difficulty of computing learning materials; its evaluation; new insights into the consis...

Goldberg, L, Tijssen, MR, Birger, Y, Hannah, RL, Kinston, SJ, Schütte, J, Beck, D, Knezevic, K, Schiby, G, Jacob-Hirsch, J, Biran, A, Kloog, Y, Marcucci, G, Bloomfield, CD, Aplan, PD, Pimanda, JE, Göttgens, B & Izraeli, S 2013, 'Genome-scale expression and transcription factor binding profiles reveal therapeutic targets in transgenic ERG myeloid leukemia', Blood, vol. 122, no. 15, pp. 2694-2703.
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Key PointsERG overexpression in transgenic mice induces a transcriptional leukemia stem cell program characteristic of human AML. PIM1 and RAS are relevant ERG therapeutic targets.

Golsteijn, C & van den Hoven, E 2013, 'Facilitating parent-teenager communication through interactive photo cubes', PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 273-286.
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Because most teenagers strive for freedom and try to live autonomously, communication with their parents could be improved. It appeared from a literature review and a diary study that parent-teenager communication primarily addresses teenager-oriented everyday activities. However, it also showed teenagers have a substantial interest in getting to know their parents and their parents' past. The study described in this paper seeks to address this opportunity by designing a product for parents and teenagers that facilitates communication about the past of the parents. The resulting design, called Cueb, is a set of interactive digital photo cubes with which parents and teenagers can explore individual and shared experiences and are triggered to exchange stories. An evaluation of a prototype of Cueb with four families showed that the participants felt significantly more triggered and supported to share their experiences and tell stories with Cueb's full functionality (connecting cubes, switching, and locking photographs) than with limited functionality (shaking to display random photographs), similar to more traditional photo media.

Goodswen, SJ, Kennedy, PJ & Ellis, JT 2013, 'A guide to in silico vaccine discovery for eukaryotic pathogens', BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 753-774.
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In this article, a framework for an in silico pipeline is presented as a guide to high-throughput vaccine candidate discovery for eukaryotic pathogens, such as helminths and protozoa. Eukaryotic pathogens are mostly parasitic and cause some of the most damaging and difficult to treat diseases in humans and livestock. Consequently, these parasitic pathogens have a significant impact on economy and human health. The pipeline is based on the principle of reverse vaccinology and is constructed from freely available bioinformatics programs. There are several successful applications of reverse vaccinology to the discovery of subunit vaccines against prokaryotic pathogens but not yet against eukaryotic pathogens. The overriding aim of the pipeline, which focuses on eukaryotic pathogens, is to generate through computational processes of elimination and evidence gathering a ranked list of proteins based on a scoring system. These proteins are either surface components of the target pathogen or are secreted by the pathogen and are of a type known to be antigenic. No perfect predictive method is yet available; therefore, the highest-scoring proteins from the list require laboratory validation.

Goodswen, SJ, Kennedy, PJ & Ellis, JT 2013, 'A novel strategy for classifying the output from an in silico vaccine discovery pipeline for eukaryotic pathogens using machine learning algorithms', BMC BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 315-327.
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An in silico vaccine discovery pipeline for eukaryotic pathogens typically consists of several computational tools to predict protein characteristics. The aim of the in silico approach to discovering subunit vaccines is to use predicted characteristics to identify proteins which are worthy of laboratory investigation. A major challenge is that these predictions are inherent with hidden inaccuracies and contradictions. This study focuses on how to reduce the number of false candidates using machine learning algorithms rather than relying on expensive laboratory validation. Proteins from Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium sp., and Caenorhabditis elegans were used as training and test datasets.

Goodswen, SJ, Kennedy, PJ & Ellis, JT 2013, 'A review of the infection, genetics, and evolution of Neospora caninum: From the past to the present', INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 133-150.
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This paper is a review of current knowledge on Neospora caninum in the context of other apicomplexan parasites and with an emphasis on: life cycle, disease, epidemiology, immunity, control and treatment, evolution, genomes, and biological databases and web resources. N. caninum is an obligate, intracellular, coccidian, protozoan parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa. Infection can cause the clinical disease neosporosis, which most notably is associated with abortion in cattle. These abortions are a major root cause of economic loss to both the dairy and beef industries worldwide. N. caninum has been detected in every country in which a study has been specifically conducted to detect this parasite in cattle. The major mode of transmission in cattle is transplacental (or vertical) transmission and several elements of the N. caninum life cycle are yet to be studied in detail. The outcome of an infection is inextricably linked to the precise timing of the infection coupled with the status of the immune system of the dam and foetus. There is no community consensus as to whether it is the dams pro-inflammatory cytotoxic response to tachyzoites that kills the foetus or the tachyzoites themselves. From economic analysis the most cost-effective approach to control neosporosis is a vaccine. The perfect vaccine would protect against both infection and the clinical disease, and this implies a vaccine is needed that can induce a non-foetopathic cell mediated immunity response. Researchers are beginning to capitalise on the vast potential of -omics data (e.g. genomes, transcriptomes, and proteomes) to further our understanding of pathogens but especially to identify vaccine and drug targets. The recent publication of a genome for N. caninum offers vast opportunities in these areas.

Grassman, TJ, Carlin, JA, Galiana, B, Yang, L-M, Yang, F, Mills, MJ & Ringel, SA 2013, 'Nucleation-related defect-free GaP/Si(100) heteroepitaxy via metal-organic chemical vapor deposition', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 102, no. 14, pp. 142102-142102.
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GaP/Si heterostructures were grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition in which the formation of all heterovalent nucleation-related defects (antiphase domains, stacking faults, and microtwins) were fully and simultaneously suppressed, as observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This was achieved through a combination of intentional Si(100) substrate misorientation, Si homoepitaxy prior to GaP growth, and GaP nucleation by Ga-initiated atomic layer epitaxy. Unintentional (311) Si surface faceting due to biatomic step-bunching during Si homoepitaxy was observed by atomic force microscopy and TEM and was found to also yield defect-free GaP/Si interfaces.

Grassman, TJ, Ratcliff, C, Carlin, AM, Carlin, JA, Yang, L, Mills, MJ & Ringel, SA 2013, '(Invited) III-V/GaP Epitaxy on Si for Advanced Photovoltaics and Green Light Emitters', ECS Transactions, vol. 50, no. 9, pp. 321-332.
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Epitaxy of III-V compound semiconductors on Si-based substrates with lattice constants between Si and Ge is of great interest for photovoltaic applications as it opens a pathway for achieving near ideal bandgap profiles for maximum solar energy conversion efficiency while simultaneously providing a low-cost Si production platform for III-V cell technologies. The same range of lattice constants also enables access to direct gap III-Vs that can fill the 'green gap' present in light emitting devices. This presentation focuses on the materials and III-V/Si heteroepitaxy issues that are currently being addressed, which can lead to breakthrough technologies for both photovoltaics and light emitting devices. We focus on an approach in which the grading between Si and Ge (GaAs) is achieved via wider bandgap GaAsyP1-y metamorphic buffers, from GaP to GaAs, enabling access to the underlying Si as an active solar cell component.

Guadie, A, Xia, S, Zhang, Z, Guo, W, Ngo, HH & Hermanowicz, SW 2013, 'Simultaneous removal of phosphorus and nitrogen from sewage using a novel combo system of fluidized bed reactor-membrane bioreactor (FBR-MBR)', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 149, no. 1, pp. 276-285.
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A FBRMBR combo system was designed as a novel approach for simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen removal from sewage. The combo system was evaluated more than 7 months under variable pH (7.5-9.5), hydraulic retention times (HRT = 2-10 h), intermittent aeration cycles (IAC) (on/off = 60/60-15/45 min) and sludge retention times (SRT = 1060 d). Prior recovery of phosphorus as struvite in the FBR enhanced nitrogen and COD removal efficiency in MBR. Under optimum operating conditions (pH = 9, HRT = 6 h and IAC = 45/15 min), PO43-P, NH4-N and COD removal efficiencies were 92.6 ± 4.2, 98.7 ± 1.2 and 99.3 ± 0.5%, respectively. Stable mixed liquor suspended solid concentration (3.0-5.0 g/L); enhanced nitrificationdenitrification activity (78-92%) and reduced transmembrane pressure were also achieved. Compared to soluble microbial products, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) showed strong correlation with fast membrane fouling. Among EPS components, carbohydrate rather than protein was associated with membrane fouling. Except HRT, all parameters considered (pH, IAC, SRT) showed a significant effect on removal efficiency.

Gupta, B, Zhu, Y, Guan, B, Reece, PJ & Gooding, JJ 2013, 'Functionalised porous silicon as a biosensor: emphasis on monitoring cells in vivo and in vitro', The Analyst, vol. 138, no. 13, pp. 3593-3593.
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Ha, QP, Nguyen, MT, Li, J & Kwok, NM 2013, 'Smart Structures With Current-Driven MR Dampers: Modeling and Second-Order Sliding Mode Control', IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 1702-1712.
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Smart structures are civil or mechanical structures that can automatically and intelligently react to external dynamic loadings such as vibration shocks, strong winds, destructive waves, and earthquakes. The use of magnetorheological (MR) dampers has been of increasing interest in smart structures as they have reliable, stable and fail-safe operations, small energy requirements, and fast responses. The challenges of MR damper structural control rest with the complex dynamics involved, high nonlinearity due to the force-velocity hysteresis, nonaffinity, and constraints of the control system with the magnetization current as its input. To address these problems, this paper presents the modeling and control design as well as the implementation results of a second-order sliding mode controller for the MR dampers embedded in the building structures subject to quake-induced vibrations. Based on the static hysteresis model of the MR damper using computationally tractable algebraic expressions, algorithms are proposed to control directly the magnetization current to the dampers, configured in a differential mode to counteract the offset force. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is verified in simulation by using a building model under quake-like excitations. The experimental results are provided on a laboratorial setup tested on a shake table. © 2013 IEEE.

Hagare, D, Hagare, P & Borg, M 2013, 'Economic Evaluation of Stormwater Harvesting-A Case Study', JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 285-293.
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Harvesting Stormwater is gaining importance as it is viewed as a potential alternative source for meeting non-potable water demand from consumers. However, there are not many economic studies carried out on the cost of supplying stormwater to consumers. The study reported in this paper makes an effort to estimate the cost of supplying the stormwater to consumers using a case study from Gosford Local Government Area (GLGA). A significant finding of this study is that the larger urbanised catchments are the most suitable locations for stormwater harvesting projects. The results obtained indicate that the cost of supplying treated stormwater for non-potable purposes varied between $3/kL and $5/kL, which is significantly higher than the cost of town water supply. In depth analysis revealed that, the major component of the capital cost is attributed to the cost of distribution system. Therefore, in areas that are already serviced by dual reticulation, it is possible that the cost of supplying stormwater would be equal to or lower than that of the existing town water supply. In addition, further refinement of cost functions can lead to more realistic $/kL values for the water harvested from stormwater.

Hagelstein, B, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, D & Safaei, F 2013, 'Improving fairness in IEEE 802.11 networks using MAC layer opportunistic retransmission', COMPUTER NETWORKS, vol. 57, no. 17, pp. 3410-3427.
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This paper introduces DAFMAC (Decode And Forward MAC), a scalable opportunistic cooperative retransmission enhancement for the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol which operates without the need for additional explicit control signalling. Distributed opportunistic retransmission algorithms rely on selecting a single suitable relay without direct arbitration between nodes. Simulations show that DAFMAC offers a significant improvement in fairness for both throughput and jitter, giving multiple parallel data flows a more equal opportunity to utilise the channel. DAFMAC cooperative retransmissions are shown to reduce node energy consumption for a given throughput. Further, the DAFMAC relay selection algorithm is shown to scale very well in terms of complexity and memory requirements in comparison to other cooperative retransmission schemes. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hamed, A & Lee, T 2013, 'Rank and fooling set size'.
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Say that A is a Hadamard factorization of the identity I_n of size n if theentrywise product of A and the transpose of A is I_n. It can be easily seenthat the rank of any Hadamard factorization of the identity must be at leastsqrt{n}. Dietzfelbinger et al. raised the question if this bound can beachieved, and showed a boolean Hadamard factorization of the identity of rankn^{0.792}. More recently, Klauck and Wolf gave a construction of Hadamardfactorizations of the identity of rank n^{0.613}. Over finite fields, Friesenand Theis resolved the question, showing for a prime p and r=p^t+1 a Hadamardfactorization of the identity A of size r(r-1)+1 and rank r over F_p. Here we resolve the question for fields of zero characteristic, up to aconstant factor, giving a construction of Hadamard factorizations of theidentity of rank r and size (r+1)r/2. The matrices in our construction areblockwise Toeplitz, and have entries whose magnitudes are binomialcoefficients.

Hammadi, A, Hussain, OK, Dillon, T & Hussain, FK 2013, 'A framework for SLA management in cloud computing for informed decision making', CLUSTER COMPUTING-THE JOURNAL OF NETWORKS SOFTWARE TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 961-977.
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In cloud computing, service providers offer cost-effective and on-demand IT services to service users on the basis of Service Level Agreements (SLAs). However the effective management of SLAs in cloud computing is essential for the service users to ensure that they achieve the desired outcomes from the formed service. In this paper, we introduce a SLA management framework that will enable service users to select the best available service provider on the basis of its reputation and then monitor the run time performance of the service provider to determine whether or not it will fulfill its promise defined in the SLA. Such analysis will assist the service user to make an informed decision about the continuation of service with the service provider.

Hao, L, Di, HS, Gong, DY, Wei, DB & Jiang, ZY 2013, 'Advanced Flatness Control Strategies for Multivariable Optimisation Flatness Control System of Foil Rolling Mill', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 655-657, pp. 1450-1455.
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In cold strip or foil rolling, flatness control is an integral part of modern mill. This paper introduces two typical flatness control systems, pattern recognisation flatness control system and multivariable flatness control. It is found that the latter is effective and has wider application fields. The FEM models of its core parameters, flatness actuator efficiency, are constructed. Influencing factors, such as the rolling force, bending force as well as the tilting force are discussed. Control strategies are proposed for foil rolling. The results demonstrate that the control strategies can reduce flatness error and improve flatness quality.

Hasan, MN, Saha, SC & Gu, YT 2013, 'Mixed Convection Over a Horizontal Plate With Streamwise Non-Uniform Surface Temperature Distribution', Journal of Heat Transfer, vol. 135, no. 7.
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Numerical investigation on mixed convection of a two-dimensional incompressible laminar flow over a horizontal flat plate with streamwise sinusoidal distribution of surface temperature has been performed for different values of Rayleigh number, Reynolds number and frequency of periodic temperature for constant Prandtl number and amplitude of periodic temperature. Finite element method adapted to rectangular nonuniform mesh elements by a nonlinear parametric solution algorithm basis numerical scheme has been employed. The investigating parameters are the Rayleigh number, the Reynolds number and frequency of periodic temperature. The effect of variation of individual investigating parameters on mixed convection flow characteristics has been studied to observe the hydrodynamic and thermal behavior for while keeping the other parameters constant. The fluid considered in this study is air with Prandtl number 0.72. The results are obtained for the Rayleigh number range of 102 to 104, Reynolds number ranging from 1 to 100 and the frequency of periodic temperature from 1 to 5. Isotherms, streamlines, average and local Nusselt numbers are presented to show the effect of the different values of aforementioned investigating parameters on fluid flow and heat transfer.

Hassan Mohammed, A, Dai, B, Huang, B, Azhar, M, Xu, G, Qin, P & Yu, S 2013, 'A survey and tutorial of wireless relay network protocols based on network coding', Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 593-610.
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Hasselmann, V-R, Maschek, T, Bohnen, F & Deuse, J 2013, 'Taktgebundene Fließmontage in der Großgerätemontage', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 108, no. 1-2, pp. 32-36.
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Kurzfassung Die Vorgehensweise einer taktgebundenen Montage im Einzelstückfluss hat sich als Konzept zur Organisation von Produktionsabläufen in der Serienfertigung bewährt. In der Großgerätemontage kommt das Prinzip einer taktgebundenen Montage im Einzelstückfluss angesichts der vorherrschenden Randbedingungen bislang nur selten bzw. eingeschränkt zum Einsatz. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert Produkt- und Mitarbeiterfluss als Form der Montageorganisation und stellt diese anhand eines reifegradorientierten Implementierungsleitfadens vor.

Heitor, A, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2013, 'Laboratory study of small-strain behavior of a compacted silty sand', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 179-188.
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Small-strain behavior is a key indicator for assessing the performance of compacted fills. Compaction conditions, i.e., initial moisture content and applied energy, govern compaction effectiveness and thus, the structure and matric suction of compacted soil. This paper presents an experimental study of the small-strain behavior of compacted silty sand prepared with different compaction conditions. Specimens with varying initial moisture contents and compaction energies were tested with bender elements to determine the small-strain shear modulus (G0), while the post-compaction matric suction was measured using the filter paper method and tensiometer. The experimental data suggest a pronounced relationship between G0and the degree of saturation (Sr) of the as-compacted soil specimens. X-ray computed tomography (CT) scans were performed to examine structural changes of selected specimens upon compaction. The laboratory results are also examined in light of common end-product specifications, which show that it is beneficial to compact the soil slightly dry of optimum moisture content from the modulus point of view.

Herman, G, Zhang, B, Wang, Y, Ye, G & Chen, F 2013, 'Mutual information-based method for selecting informative feature sets', Pattern Recognition, vol. 46, no. 12, pp. 3315-3327.
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Hill, J, Kirby, R & Williams, P 2013, 'Improving the design of dissipative silencers used in HVAC and gas turbine applications', Acoustics Bulletin, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 43-46.
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James Hill, AAF, Ray Kirby and Paul Williams from School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, discuss how efforts are being made to improve the design of dissipative silencers used in HVAC and gas turbine applications. Two Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP) projects have been undertaken jointly by Brunel University and Caice Acoustic Air Movement Ltd., and Brunel University and AAF Ltd., to assess the suitability of these traditional design methods in a modern engineering environment. AAF and Caice have commissioned test rigs in accordance with ISO 7235 to achieve these objectives. AAF has utilized a reverberation room as the termination condition and measurement location whereas Caice has used an in-duct measurement with anechoic termination. is a significant undertaking to design and construct a test rig conforming to ISO 7235, with many tests needing to be performed and a large amount of work tweaking the design to meet the criteria set out in ISO 7235.

Hirabayashi, Y, Mahendran, R, Koirala, S, Konoshima, L, Yamazaki, D, Watanabe, S, Kim, H & Kanae, S 2013, 'Global flood risk under climate change', Nature Climate Change, vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 816-821.
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A warmer climate would increase the risk of floods. So far, only a few studies have projected changes in floods on a global scale. None of these studies relied on multiple climate models. A few global studies have started to estimate the exposure to flooding (population in potential inundation areas) as a proxy of risk, but none of them has estimated it in a warmer future climate. Here we present global flood risk for the end of this century based on the outputs of 11 climate models. A state-of-the-art global river routing model with an inundation scheme was employed to compute river discharge and inundation area. An ensemble of projections under a new high-concentration scenario demonstrates a large increase in flood frequency in Southeast Asia, Peninsular India, eastern Africa and the northern half of the Andes, with small uncertainty in the direction of change. In certain areas of the world, however, flood frequency is projected to decrease. Another larger ensemble of projections under four new concentration scenarios reveals that the global exposure to floods would increase depending on the degree of warming, but interannual variability of the exposure may imply the necessity of adaptation before significant warming. © 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

Ho-Pham, LT, Nguyen, ND & Nguyen, TV 2013, 'Quantification of the relative contribution of estrogen to bone mineral density in men and women', BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 14, no. 1.
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Background: The study quantified the relative contributions of estrogen (E2) and total testosterone (TT) to variation in bone mineral density in men and women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which involved 200 men and 415 women aged 18 to 89 years. BMD at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) was measured by DXA. Serum levels of E2 and TT were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. The association between E2, TT, and BMD was analyzed by the multiple linear regression model, adjusting for age and BMI. The contribution of each hormone to the variation in BMD was quantified by the bootstrap method. Results: In women, higher serum levels of E2, but not TT, were significantly associated with greater BMD at the FN (P = 0.001) and LS (P < 0.0001). In men, higher serum levels of E2 were independently associated with greater FNBMD (P = 0.008) and LSBMD (P = 0.086). In the multiple linear regression model, age, body weight and E2 accounted for 50-55% variance in FNBMD, and 25% (in men) and 48% (in women) variance in LSBMD. Variation in E2 accounted for 2.5% (95% CI 0.4 - 7.8%) and 11.3% (95% CI 8.1 - 15.3%) variation in FNBMD in men and women, respectively. Moreover, E2 contributed 1.2% (95% CI 0.1 - 5.8%) and 11.7% (95% CI 8.5 - 15.9%) variation in LSBMD in men and women, respectively. Conclusions: Estrogen is more important than testosterone in the determination of age-related bone mineral density men and women of Vietnamese background. However, the relative contributions of estrogen to bone mineral density in men are likely modest

Hoque, MA-A, Saika, U, Sarder, BC & Biswas, KK 2013, 'Environmental and Socio-economic Impacts of Salinity Intrusion in the Coastal Area: A Case Study on Munshigong Union, Shymnagor, Satkhira', Jahangirnagar University Environmental Bulletin, vol. 2, pp. 41-49.
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Jahangirnagar University Environmental Bulletin, Vol.2, 41-49, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jueb.v2i0.16329

Hossain, J, Mahmud, A, Roy, NK & Pota, HR 2013, 'Enhancement of Transient Stability Limit and Voltage Regulation with Dynamic Loads Using Robust Excitation Control', International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 561-570.
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AbstractIn stressed power systems with large induction machine component, there exist undamped electromechanical modes and unstable monotonic voltage modes. This article proposes a sequential design of an excitation controller and a power system stabiliser (PSS) to stabilise the system. The operating region, with induction machines in stressed power systems, is often not captured using a linearisation around an operating point, and to alleviate this situation a robust controller is designed which guarantees stable operation in a large region of operation. A minimax linear quadratic Gaussian design is used for the design of the supplementary control to automatic voltage regulators, and a classical PSS structure is used to damp electromechanical oscillations. The novelty of this work is in proposing a method to capture the unmodelled nonlinear dynamics as uncertainty in the design of the robust controller. Tight bounds on the uncertainty are obtained using this method which enables high-performance controllers. An IEEE benchmark test system has been used to demonstrate the performance of the designed controller.

Hossain, MA, Saleem, M, Saha, SC & Nakayama, A 2013, 'Conduction-radiation effect on natural convection flow in fluid-saturated non-Darcy porous medium enclosed by non-isothermal walls', Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 687-702.
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Hossain, MD, Ngo, H & Guo, W 2013, 'Introductory of Microsoft Excel SOLVER function-Spreadsheet method for isotherm and kinetics modelling of metals biosorption in water and wastewater', Journal of Water Sustainability, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 223-237.
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This paper aims to introduce a simple method to run a complicated non-linear analysis of isotherm and kinetics models for metals biosorption based on input functions of spreadsheets. A robust method is demonstrated here to exploit the `SOLVER function available in Microsoft (MS) Excel spreadsheet. It is more economic and user friendly than specialized computer programmes. In this study, an iterative method was proposed to produce the optimal goodness of fit between experimental data and predicted data. This was described the implementing method of a set of real data (garden grass as biosorbent) and the predicted results were compared with linear analysis and MATLAB analysis. The R2 values found from MS Excel spreadsheet were 0.995, 0.999 and 0.996 while being 0.997, 1.000 and 0.999 by MATLAB for copper, lead and cadmium adsorption, respectively onto garden grass. The prediction of maximum adsorption, qm by excel (59.336, 63.663 and 42.310 mg/g) were very similar to MATLAB (59.889, 63.509 and 41.560 mg/g). The predictions of kinetics parameters were also close to MATLAB analysis. Hence, the MS Excel Spreadsheet method could be a handy tool for biosorption models.

Hossain, MJ, Saha, TK, Mithulananthan, N & Pota, HR 2013, 'Control Strategies for Augmenting LVRT Capability of DFIGs in Interconnected Power Systems', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 2510-2522.
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Hou, HW, Warkiani, ME, Khoo, BL, Li, ZR, Soo, RA, Tan, DS-W, Lim, W-T, Han, J, Bhagat, AAS & Lim, CT 2013, 'Isolation and retrieval of circulating tumor cells using centrifugal forces', Scientific Reports, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 1259.
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Presence and frequency of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in bloodstreams of cancer patients are pivotal to early cancer detection and treatment monitoring. Here, we use a spiral microchannel with inherent centrifugal forces for continuous, size-based separation of CTCs from blood (Dean Flow Fractionation (DFF)) which facilitates easy coupling with conventional downstream biological assays. Device performance was optimized using cancer cell lines (> 85% recovery), followed by clinical validation with positive CTCs enumeration in all samples from patients with metastatic lung cancer (n = 20; 5-88 CTCs per mL). The presence of CD133⁺ cells, a phenotypic marker characteristic of stem-like behavior in lung cancer cells was also identified in the isolated subpopulation of CTCs. The spiral biochip identifies and addresses key challenges of the next generation CTCs isolation assay including antibody independent isolation, high sensitivity and throughput (3 mL/hr); and single-step retrieval of viable CTCs.

Hou, JJ, Wang, F, Han, N, Zhu, H, Fok, K, Lam, W, Yip, S, Hung, T, Lee, JE-Y & Ho, JC 2013, 'Diameter dependence of electron mobility in InGaAs nanowires', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 102, no. 9.
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In this work, we present the diameter dependent electron mobility study of InGaAs nanowires (NWs) grown by gold-catalyzed vapor transport method. These single crystalline nanowires have an In-rich stoichiometry (i.e., In0.7Ga0.3As) with dispersed diameters from 15 to 55 nm. The current-voltage behaviors of fabricated nanowire field-effect transistors reveal that the aggressive scaling of nanowire diameter will induce a degradation of electron mobility, while low-temperature measurements further decouple the effects of surface/interface traps and phonon scattering, highlighting the impact of surface roughness scattering on the electron mobility. This work suggests a careful design consideration of nanowire dimension is required for achieving the optimal device performances.

Hu, H, Jiang, X, Li, Y, Wang, J & Qian, S 2013, 'Integrated design and controllability test of piezoelectric self-powered MR absorber', Zhendong Ceshi Yu Zhenduan/Journal of Vibration, Measurement and Diagnosis, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 712-718.
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Aiming at the piezoelectric self-powered MR absorber, the feasibility of structure composite and function integration is studied, by combining the semi-active vibration control device based on MR technology with energy harvesting equipment based on piezoelectric vibrator. A theory model of piezoelectric self-powered MR absorber is established. Then, its magnetic circuit structure of MR absorber is optimized and designed by using the numerical simulation method, its influences of piezoelectric vibrator's geometric parameters on the outputting voltage of the vibration energy harvesting equipment are also analyzed, and the vibration energy harvesting circuit is simulated and tested, respectively. The simulation results show that the current of 1.67 A could be provided into the coil of MR absorber once the ring-shaped piezoelectric vibrator is excited by AC voltage source. Finally, an experimental platform is constructed in order to test its controllability of the piezoelectric self-powered MR absorber. The experimental results show that the ring-shaped piezoelectric vibrator could provide an enough amount of electrical energy for the piezoelectric self-powered MR absorber's semi-active vibration control, and its damping force achieves 2.4 times before and after the on-off controlling strategy.

Hu, J, Zhu, J, Lei, G, Platt, G & Dorrell, DG 2013, 'Multi-Objective Model-Predictive Control for High-Power Converters', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 652-663.
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This paper presents a multi-objective model-predictive control (MOMPC) strategy for controlling converters in high-power applications. The controller uses the system model to predict the system behavior in each sampling interval for each voltage vector,

Hu, M, Fletcher, J, McCahon, E, Catchpoole, D, Zhang, GY, Wang, YM, Algar, EM & Alexander, SI 2013, 'Bilateral Wilms Tumor and Early Presentation in Pediatric Patients Is Associated with the Truncation of the Wilms Tumor 1 Protein', The Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 163, no. 1, pp. 224-229.
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Objectives: To investigate the frequency of constitutional Wilms tumor 1 gene (WT1) abnormalities in children with bilateral Wilms tumor (WT) and the age of tumor onset in patients with a mutation. Study design: Eight patients with bilateral WT were studied. High-resolution melting and direct sequencing were used to screen for the WT1 gene. Western blotting was performed to determine whether the identified mutations were associated with expressed truncated WT1 protein. Results: The median age of tumor onset in patients with a mutation in the WT1 was lower (10 months) than in those without a mutation (39 months). Three novel heterozygous nonsense mutations were identified in exon 8 in peripheral blood from 3 individuals, whereas all 3 tumor tissues lacked the wild-type allele. All mutations led to a premature stop codon with truncation of the WT1 protein. In 1 patient, a truncated form of WT1 protein was identified, suggesting that development of the WT may have resulted from expression of an abnormal protein. Four distinct silent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected. All 3 patients with a pathogenic WT1 mutation had 2 synonymous SNPs, whereas only 1 of the remaining 5 patients had a single synonymous SNP (P <.05). Conclusions: Bilateral WT are associated with early presentation in pediatric patients and a high frequency of WT1 nonsense mutations in exon 8. Silent SNPs may also be involved in the development of WT. © 2013 Mosby Inc. All rights reserved.

Huang, M, Wang, H, Sheng, D & Liu, Y 2013, 'Rotational–translational mechanism for the upper bound stability analysis of slopes with weak interlayer', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 53, pp. 133-141.
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Huang, Y & Huang, X 2013, 'Detection of Temporally Correlated Signals over Multipath Fading Channels', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1290-1299.
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An optimal detection method along with two reduced-complexity methods, modified energy detection (MED) and equal gain detection (EGD), under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) condition are proposed in this paper for detection of temporally correlated signals over multipath fading channels. By incorporating resolvable multipaths and multiple antennas into system model, these detection methods are derived based on maximum log-likelihood ratio (LLR) test principal and using the same low SNR LLR approximation. Analytical performance expressions for MED and EGD are also given. Simulation results show that, when signal exhibits temporal correlation, the proposed optimal detection and EGD achieve better performance than conventional generalized likelihood ratio test through utilizing multipath propagation. Further, the proposed MED is superior to conventional energy detection if it a priori signal temporal correlation information is exploited. It is also revealed that multipath tap correlation can have either constructive or destructive effect to spectrum sensing. The proposed EGD is proven to be a practical technique for reliable spectrum sensing over multipath fading channels as it approaches optimal performance with low complexity. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

Huang, Z, Eagles, M, Porter, S, Sorte, EG, Billet, B, Corey, RL, Conradi, MS & Zhao, J-C 2013, 'Thermolysis and solid state NMR studies of NaB₃H₈, NH₃B₃H₇, and NH₄B₃H₈', Dalton Trans., vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 701-708.
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Huang, Z, Lingam, HK, Chen, X, Porter, S, Du, A, Woodard, PM, Shore, SG & Zhao, J-C 2013, 'Synthesis, structural analysis, and thermal decomposition studies of [(NH3)2BH2]B3H8', RSC Advances, vol. 3, no. 20, pp. 7460-7460.
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Hussain, S, Basu, A, Wang, R & Hamilton, TJ 2013, 'Delay Learning Architectures for Memory and Classification', Neurocomputing, vol. 138, pp. 14-26.
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We present a neuromorphic spiking neural network, the DELTRON, that canremember and store patterns by changing the delays of every connection asopposed to modifying the weights. The advantage of this architecture overtraditional weight based ones is simpler hardware implementation withoutmultipliers or digital-analog converters (DACs) as well as being suited totime-based computing. The name is derived due to similarity in the learningrule with an earlier architecture called Tempotron. The DELTRON can remembermore patterns than other delay-based networks by modifying a few delays toremember the most 'salient' or synchronous part of every spike pattern. Wepresent simulations of memory capacity and classification ability of theDELTRON for different random spatio-temporal spike patterns. The memorycapacity for noisy spike patterns and missing spikes are also shown. Finally,we present SPICE simulation results of the core circuits involved in areconfigurable mixed signal implementation of this architecture.

Hussan, MJ, Hassan, MH, Kalam, MA & Memon, LA 2013, 'Tailoring key fuel properties of diesel–biodiesel–ethanol blends for diesel engine', Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 51, pp. 118-125.
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Iacopi, F, Brock, RE, Iacopi, A, Hold, L & Dauskardt, RH 2013, 'Evidence of a highly compressed nanolayer at the epitaxial silicon carbide interface with silicon', Acta Materialia, vol. 61, no. 17, pp. 6533-6540.
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Iacopi, F, Walker, G, Wang, L, Malesys, L, Ma, S, Cunning, BV & Iacopi, A 2013, 'Orientation-dependent stress relaxation in hetero-epitaxial 3C-SiC films', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 011908-011908.
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Residual stresses in epitaxial 3C-SiC films on silicon, for chosen growth conditions, appear determined by their growth orientation. Stress evaluation locally with Raman spectroscopy, and across a 150 mm wafer with curvature measurements, indicate that thin films can be grown on Si(100) with residual tensile stresses as low as 150 MPa. However, films on Si(111) retain a considerably higher stress, around 900 MPa, with only minor decrease versus film thickness. Stacking faults are indeed geometrically a less efficient relief mechanism for the biaxial strain of SiC films grown on Si(111) with 〈111〉 orientation. Residual stresses can be tuned by the epitaxial process temperatures.

Imran, A, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Varman, M, Hasmelidin, M, Mahmud, KAHA, Shahir, SA & Habibullah, M 2013, 'Study of Friction and Wear Characteristic of Jatropha Oil Blended Lube Oil', Procedia Engineering, vol. 68, pp. 178-185.
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Imran, A, Varman, M, Masjuki, HH & Kalam, MA 2013, 'Review on alcohol fumigation on diesel engine: A viable alternative dual fuel technology for satisfactory engine performance and reduction of environment concerning emission', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 26, pp. 739-751.
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Indraratna, B & Nimbalkar, S 2013, 'Closure to “Stress-Strain Degradation Response of Railway Ballast Stabilized with Geosynthetics” by Buddhima Indraratna and Sanjay Nimbalkar', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 139, no. 12, pp. 2233-2233.
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Indraratna, B & Nimbalkar, S 2013, 'Stress-Strain Degradation Response of Railway Ballast Stabilized with Geosynthetics', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 139, no. 5, pp. 684-700.
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Indraratna, B, Athukorala, R & Vinod, J 2013, 'Estimating the Rate of Erosion of a Silty Sand Treated with Lignosulfonate', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 139, no. 5, pp. 701-714.
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Indraratna, B, Balasubramaniam, AS, Poulos, H, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Ameratunga, J 2013, 'Performance and prediction of marine clay treated with vacuum and surcharge consolidation at port of brisbane', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 161-180.
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During the past decade, the application of vacuum preloading for stabilising soft coastal clay and other low-lying estuarine soils has become popular in Australia. The cost-effectiveness is a major factor in most projects in view of the significantly reduced time for achieving a relatively high degree of consolidation. Due to an increase in trade activities at the Port of Brisbane, new facilities on Fisherman Islands at the mouth of the Brisbane River will be constructed on the new outer area (235 ha) adjacent to the existing port facilities via land reclamation. A vacuum assisted surcharge load and conventional surcharge scheme in conjunction with prefabricated vertical drains was selected to reduce the required consolidation time through the deeper subsoil layers. The performance of the combined vacuum and surcharge fill system and the construction of the embankment are described in this paper. A comparison of the performance of the vacuum combined surcharge loading system with a standard surcharge fill highlights the clear benefits of vacuum consolidation. Field monitoring data are presented to demonstrate how the embankment performed during construction. The paper also evaluates the relative performance of the two contrasting preloading systems (i.e. vacuum and nonvacuum system). An analytical solution for radial consolidation considering both time-dependent surcharge loading and vacuum pressure is proposed to predict the settlements and associated excess pore pressures of the soft Holocene clay deposits.

Indraratna, B, Basack, S & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2013, 'Numerical Solution of Stone Column–Improved Soft Soil Considering Arching, Clogging, and Smear Effects', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 139, no. 3, pp. 377-394.
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Indraratna, B, Hussaini, SKK & Vinod, JS 2013, 'The lateral displacement response of geogrid-reinforced ballast under cyclic loading', Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 39, pp. 20-29.
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Indraratna, B, Kianfar, K & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2013, 'Laboratory Evaluation of Coefficient of Radial Consolidation Based on Pore-Water-Pressure Dissipation and Settlement', GEOTECHNICAL TESTING JOURNAL, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 107-118.
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Indraratna, B, Ngo, NT & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2013, 'Deformation of Coal Fouled Ballast Stabilized with Geogrid under Cyclic Load', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 139, no. 8, pp. 1275-1289.
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This paper presents the results of laboratory investigations into the deformation of coal fouled ballast stabilized with geogrid at various degrees of fouling. A novel track process simulation apparatus was used to simulate realistic rail track conditions subjected to cyclic loading, and the void contamination index (VCI) was used to evaluate the level of ballast fouling. The experimental results show that coal fines act as a lubricant, causing grains of ballast to displace and rotate, and as a result, accelerate its deformation. However, coal fines also reduce ballast breakage because of a cushioning effect, that is, by reducing interparticle attrition. The inclusion of geogrid at the interface between the layer of ballast and subballast provides additional internal confinement and particle interlocking via geogrid apertures, which reduces deformation. A threshold value of VCI540% is proposed to assist practitioners for conducting track maintenance. If the level of fouling exceeds this threshold, the geogrid reinforcement significantly decreases its effectiveness and the fouled ballast exhibits a premature dilation. Based on the experimental results, an equation incorporating the VCI was proposed to predict the deformation of fresh and fouled ballast. This equation improves track design and assists in favorable decision support for track maintenance. Additionally, the discrete element method (DEM) was also used to capture the deformation of fouled ballast subjected to cyclic loading, whereas the DEM results were compared with experimental observations © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Indraratna, B, Nimbalkar, S & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2013, 'Modernisation of Rail Tracks for Higher Speeds and Greater Freight', International Journal of Railway Technology, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 1-20.
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INDRARATNA, B, PREMADASA, W & BROWN, ET 2013, 'Shear behaviour of rock joints with unsaturated infill', Géotechnique, vol. 63, no. 15, pp. 1356-1360.
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Behaviour of soil-infilled rock joints has significant importance with respect to the strength of fractured rock mass. The presence of even a small amount of fine-grained infill material within a joint can reduce its shear strength considerably, depending on the degree of saturation of infill. Therefore, it is crucial to examine how the infill material can adversely affect the joint shear strength. Previous studies of infilled joints have mainly been focused on idealised regular joint patterns owing to the simplicity and reproducibility in laboratory testing. Current literature on infilled rock joints has also neglected the effect of the degree of saturation of infill on the shear behaviour. In most instances, fully saturated infill has been used or assumed, and the contribution of matric suction on the shear strength of joints having unsaturated infill has not been studied. In this study, a series of triaxial tests on natural joint profiles having joint roughness coefficient (JRC) of 10–12 is carried out at constant moisture content. A semi-empirical model is proposed and validated on the basis of laboratory data.

Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Balasubramaniam, AS 2013, 'Ground improvement at the port of Brisbane, Australia using vertical drains and vacuum assisted preloading', Geotechnical Special Publication, no. 230, pp. 540-550.
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Soft clays in coastal areas have low shear strength and high compressibility. Thus construction activities for infrastructure developments in these deposits often pose geotechnical problems due to large time dependent settlements and lateral movements. Ground improvement techniques are adopted to reduce the water content of the soft clays by preloading techniques with vertical drains. Depending on the magnitude of the surcharge used substantial immediate settlement with lateral movements can takes place during preloading. This in turn causes stability problems in the loaded areas. The use of vacuum assisted preloading has now become a popular method in Australia where substantial loads need to be carried out to meet a desired rate of settlement and mitigate undrained failure. To assist the vacuum propagation to significant depths, vertical drains are used in conjunction. At the Port of Brisbane, Australia, vacuum assisted surcharge preloading and conventional surcharge preloading schemes were used to reduce the time required for consolidation and long term settlement in soft Holocene clays. The design of the combined vacuum and surcharge fill system and construction of the embankment are described in this paper. A comparison made on the performance of a combined vacuum surcharge loading system with a standard surcharge fill highlights the clear benefits of vacuum consolidation. Field monitoring data on surface and sub-surface settlements, pore pressures and lateral movements on test embankments performed during construction are presented. An analytical solution for radial consolidation that considers both time-dependent surcharge loading and vacuum pressure to predict the settlement and associated excess pore pressures in soft clay deposits is also proposed. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.

INDRARATNA, B, TENNAKOON, N, NIMBALKAR, S & RUJIKIATKAMJORN, C 2013, 'Behaviour of clay-fouled ballast under drained triaxial testing', Géotechnique, vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 410-419.
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Contamination or fouling of rail ballast with external fines, including slurried and pumped subgrade material (e.g. clay and silt), is one of the primary reasons for track deterioration. Fouling causes differential settlement of the track, and also decreases the load-bearing capacity, owing to the reduction in the friction angle of the granular assembly. In certain circumstances, fouled ballast needs to be cleaned or replaced to maintain the desired track stiffness, load-bearing capacity and track alignment, all of which influence safety. This paper presents and discusses the results of a series of large-scale triaxial tests conducted on latite basalt, a rail ballast of volcanic origin, commonly used in Australia. Consolidated drained triaxial tests were conducted under three different levels of confining pressure and varying degrees of clay fouling. Stress–strain degradation characteristics are discussed in detail. This paper also describes the non-linear strength envelope and a novel empirical relationship to capture the detrimental effects of clay fouling on the performance of ballasted tracks.

Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2013, 'A medium frequency transformer with multiple secondary windings for medium voltage converter based wind turbine power generating systems', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 113, no. 17, pp. 17A324-17A324.
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Recent advances in magnetic materials have led to the development of compact and light weight, medium and high frequency transformers, which would be a possible solution to reducing the size and weight of wind turbine power generating systems. This paper presents the overall design and analysis of a Metglas amorphous alloy 2605SA1 based medium frequency transformer to generate the isolated balanced multiple DC supplies for medium voltage converter systems. A comprehensive electromagnetic analysis is conducted on the proposed design based on experimental results. The test stand, data analysis, and test results are discussed.

Ismail, MS, Moghavvemi, M & Mahlia, TMI 2013, 'Analysis and evaluation of various aspects of solar radiation in the Palestinian territories', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 73, pp. 57-68.
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Ismail, MS, Moghavvemi, M & Mahlia, TMI 2013, 'Characterization of PV panel and global optimization of its model parameters using genetic algorithm', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 73, pp. 10-25.
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Ismail, MS, Moghavvemi, M & Mahlia, TMI 2013, 'Current utilization of microturbines as a part of a hybrid system in distributed generation technology', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 21, pp. 142-152.
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Ismail, MS, Moghavvemi, M & Mahlia, TMI 2013, 'Design of an optimized photovoltaic and microturbine hybrid power system for a remote small community: Case study of Palestine', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 75, pp. 271-281.
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Ismail, MS, Moghavvemi, M & Mahlia, TMI 2013, 'Techno-economic analysis of an optimized photovoltaic and diesel generator hybrid power system for remote houses in a tropical climate', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 69, pp. 163-173.
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Iwaizumi, H, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 2013, 'A High-Speed and Low-Energy-Consumption Processor for SVD-MIMO-OFDM Systems', VLSI Design, vol. 2013, pp. 1-10.
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A processor design for singular value decomposition (SVD) and compression/decompression of feedback matrices, which are mandatory operations for SVD multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems, is proposed and evaluated. SVD-MIMO is a transmission method for suppressing multistream interference and improving communication quality by beamforming. An application specific instruction-set processor (ASIP) architecture is adopted to achieve flexibility in terms of operations and matrix size. The proposed processor realizes a high-speed/low-power design and real-time processing by the parallelization of floating-point units (FPUs) and arithmetic instructions specialized in complex matrix operations.

Jamalipour, A, Oppermann, I, Ansari, N & Woodward, G 2013, 'Special Issue on: Cooperative and Distributed Wireless Communications', International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 167-169.
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Jamdagni, A, Tan, Z, He, X, Nanda, P & Liu, RP 2013, 'RePIDS: A multi tier Real-time Payload-based Intrusion Detection System', Computer Networks, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 811-824.
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Intrusion Detection System (IDS) deals with huge amount of network traffic and uses large feature set to discriminate normal pattern and intrusive pattern. However, most of existing systems lack the ability to process data for real-time anomaly detection. In this paper, we propose a 3-Tier Iterative Feature Selection Engine (IFSEng) for feature subspace selection. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique is used for the pre-processing of data. Mahalanobis Distance Map (MDM) is used to discover hidden correlations between the features and between the packets. We also propose a novel Real-time Payload-based Intrusion Detection System (RePIDS) that integrates a 3-Tier IFSEng and the MDM approach. Mahalanobis Distance (MD) dissimilarity criterion is used to classify each packet as either a normal or an attack packet. The effectiveness of the proposed RePIDS is evaluated using DARPA 99 dataset and Georgia Institute of Technology attack dataset. The traffic for Web-based application is considered for validating our model. F-value, a criterion, is used to evaluate the detection performance of RePIDS. Experimental results show that RePIDS achieves better performance (high F-values, 0.9958 for DARPA 99 dataset and 0.976 for Georgia Institute of Technology attack dataset respectively, with only 0.85% false alarm rate) and lower computational complexity when compared against two state-of-the-art payload-based intrusion detection systems. Additionally, it has 1.3 time higher throughput in comparison with real scenario of medium sized enterprise network. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Janjua, NK, Hussain, FK & Hussain, OK 2013, 'Semantic information and knowledge integration through argumentative reasoning to support intelligent decision making', INFORMATION SYSTEMS FRONTIERS, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 167-192.
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The availability of integrated, high quality information is a pre-requisite for a decision support system (DSS) to aid in the decision-making process. The introduction of semantic web ensures the seamless integration of information derived from diverse sources and transforms the DSS to an adoptable and flexible Semantic Web-DSS (Web-DSS). However, due to the monotonic nature of the layered development of semantic web, it lacks the capability to represent, reason and integrate incomplete and conflicting information. This, in turn, renders an enterprise incapable of knowledge integration; that is, integration of information about a subject that could potentially be incomplete, inconsistent and distributed among different Web-DSS within or across enterprises. In this article, we address the issues of incomplete and inconsistent semantic information and knowledge integration by using argumentation and argumentation schemes. We discuss the Argumentation-enabled Information Integration Web-DSS (Web@IDSS) along with its syntax and semantics for semantic information integration, and devise a methodology for sharing the results of Web@IDSS in Argument Interchange Format (AIF) format. We also discuss Argumentation-enabled Knowledge Integration Web-DSS (Web@KIDSS) for semantic knowledge integration. We provide formal syntax and semantics for the Web@KIDSS, propose a conceptual framework, and describe it in detail. We present the algorithms for knowledge integration and the prototype application for validation of results

Jayawardhana, M, Zhu, X & Liyanapathirana, R 2013, 'Damage detection of reinforced concrete structures based on the Wiener Filter', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 57-70.
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This paper presents a novel decentralised structural damage detection method based on the Wiener filter. The Wiener filter is customarily used for filtering out the noise that has corrupted a signal, and it is also used for system identification by matching the output of the filter with that of the unknown system. In this study, a damage index based on the mean square error of the Wiener filter is proposed to indicate the damage in structures. The current measurement is the input of the filter and the response of the undamaged structure is the design signal. Another index calculated from the cross correlation responses of neighbouring sensors is used to determine the damage location. An experimental study has been carried out on a reinforced concrete structure. The results show that this method is effective and reliable for structural damage detection and localization. © Institution of Engineers Australia, 2013.

Jayawardhana, M, Zhu, XQ & Liyanapathirana, R 2013, 'An Experimental Study on Damage Detection of Concrete Structures Using Decentralized Algorithms', Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 33-50.
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In this paper, an experimental study has been carried out to detect damage on a simply supported two-span reinforced concrete slab. Different crack damages are created by static loads on the slab and impact tests are carried out before and after removing the static loads. Two decentralized damage detection methods – Auto Correlation Function-Cross Correlation Function (ACF-CCF) method and Auto Regressive-Auto Regressive with exogenous input (AR-ARX) method, are used to localize damage from measured responses. The accuracy and sensitivity as well as the effect of sensor location and loading status of the structure were analysed with these two methods. The results show that the ACF-CCF method is more effective in detecting and locating damage than the AR-ARX method. The Novelty Index value of the ACF-CCF method could be a reliable indicator of damage in concrete structures.

Jayawardhana, M, Zhu, XQ, Liyanapathirana, R & Gunawardana, U 2013, 'Compressive Sensing for Structural Damage Detection of Reinforced Concrete Structures', Key Engineering Materials, vol. 569-570, pp. 742-750.
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High energy consumption, excessive data storage and transfer requirements are prevailing issues associated with structural health monitoring (SHM) systems, especially with those employing wireless sensors. Data compression is one of the techniques being explored to mitigate the effects of these issues. Compressive sensing (CS) introduces a means of reproducing a signal with a much less number of samples than the Nyquist's rate, reducing the energy consumption, data storage and transfer cost. This paper explores the applicability of CS for SHM, in particular for damage detection and localization. CS is implemented in a simulated environment to compress SHM data. The reconstructed signal is verified for accuracy using structural response data obtained from a series of tests carried out on a reinforced concrete (RC) slab. Results show that the reconstruction was close, but not exact as a consequence of the noise associated with the responses. However, further analysis using the reconstructed signal provided successful damage detection and localization results, showing that although the reconstruction using CS is not exact, it is sufficient to provide the crucial information of the existence and location of damage.

Jebelli Javan, A, Saberi, M, Javaheri Vayeghan, A, Ghaffari Khaligh, S, Rezaian, H & Nejabat, N 2013, 'The effect of dietary Aloe vera gel extract supplementation on lipid peroxidation of broiler breast fillets during frozen storage', Journal of Veterinary Research, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 233-240.
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BACKGROUND: To improve the oxidative stability of meat products, the use of the dietary form of natural additives, especially those with plant origin is increasing. Aloe vera plant, the in vitro antioxidant effect of which has been previously discussed, is a potential candidate for this purpose. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of feed supplementation with Aloe vera gel extract on lipid peroxidation of broiler breast fillets during frozen storage. METHODS: Fifty-four 1-day old broilers were allocated into three groups (basal diet as control, basal diet supplemented with 100 and 300 mg/kg methanol extract of Aloe vera gel) and fed for 6 weeks. In the term, chicks were slaughtered and their breast fillets were stored at -20°C for 9 months. Lipid peroxidation was assessed after 1, 3, 6 and 9 months of frozen storage using chemical (PV and TBARS) and sensory evaluations. RESULTS: Results indicated that incorporation of 300 mg/kg Aloe vera gel methanol extract in broiler diets caused the delay of lipid peroxidation in raw breast meat (with 9.6 meq/kg, 92.67 μg/kg and 6.3 in PV, TBARS and Sensory evaluations, respectively) in comparison with control sample (with 15.2 meq/kg, 139.33 μg/kg and 3 in mentioned evaluations) at the last day of the experiment (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that methanol extract of Aloe vera gel can be considered as a dietary supplementation substance in chicken diet and can delay the oxidative spoilage of chicken breast fillets during frozen spoilage.

Jeong, S & Vigneswaran, S 2013, 'Assessment of biological activity in contact flocculation filtration used as a pretreatment in seawater desalination', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 228, no. 1, pp. 976-983.
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Contact flocculation filtration (CFF) is a promising pretreatment method to improve feed water quality prior to seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO). CFF is the combination of deep bed filtration and in-line flocculation. To date, CFF has been used mainly as a barrier for particle removal in the filter bed itself with hydrophobic organic compounds removal by flocculation. In this study, the potential of CFF was investigated as a biofilter in addition to its major function of flocculation and particle/floc separation. Two different media (sand; S-CFF and anthracite; A-CFF) were tested on CFF. Bacterial activity in the filter bed was assessed in terms of cell number and adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) measurement. The microbial community test in the filtration bed was carried out over 50 d in case of sand filter (S-CFF) and 90 d for anthracite filter (A-CFF) filtration periods. With the growth of an active microbial population on the filter bed medium, significant removal of organic compounds, especially low molecular weight (LMW) organics, from the seawater was achieved. The results indicated that CFF functions both as flocculation and separation unit and also as biofilter with moderate efficiency in reducing biofouling potential. The results also showed that A-CFF needed longer time to achieve bio-stabilization but it showed more effective biofiltration potential than S-CFF.

Jeong, S, Bae, H, Naidu, G, Jeong, D, Lee, S & Vigneswaran, S 2013, 'Bacterial community structure in a biofilter used as a pretreatment for seawater desalination', Ecological Engineering, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 370-381.
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In this study, two biofilters with different media, anthracite and granular activated carbon (GAC), were used to pre-treat seawater for desalination. Both biofilters had the same operating conditions that lasted for 75 days. The bacterial community struc

Jeong, S, Kim, S-J, Kim, CM, Vigneswaran, S, Nguyen, TV, Shon, H-K, Kandasamy, J & Kim, IS 2013, 'A detailed organic matter characterization of pretreated seawater using low pressure microfiltration hybrid systems', JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, vol. 428, pp. 290-300.
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In this study, two different submerged membrane hybrid systems (SMHSs) namely (i) submerged membrane coagulation hybrid system (SMCHS) and (ii) submerged membrane coagulation-adsorption hybrid system (SMCAHS) were investigated as pretreatment options for seawater reverse osmosis. Organic matters in seawater before and after pretreatment were characterized in terms of XAD fractionation, molecular weight distribution (MWD) and fluorescence. A detailed study on the seawater organic matter (SWOM) structure was made through 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-ion trap-time of fright (LC/MS-IT-TOF). The seawater investigated in this study is mainly composed of hydrophilic matter (57±3.2%). SMHSs removed a significant amount of organic matter. The EEM fluorescence showed a removal of humic-like materials by SMHSs. In addition, humic-like materials relative to protein-like compounds were reduced significantly but the aromaticity of humic-like materials increased. After pretreatment by SMHSs, humics and biopolymers of over 900Da. were found to be reduced and their structure associated with element composition was also changed. The transformation of the SWOM structure after SMHSs pretreatment may have been due to hydrolyzation or oxidization of the organic compounds such as humics and biopolymers resulting in poly-conjugation to aromatic compounds. SMHSs were effective in improving the RO performance leading to higher RO permeate flux and lower permeate flux decline. The pretreatment reduced the amount of foulants on the RO membrane. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Jeong, S, Kim, S-J, Kim, LH, Shin, MS, Vigneswaran, S, Nguyen, TV & Kim, IS 2013, 'Foulant analysis of a reverse osmosis membrane used pretreated seawater', JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, vol. 428, pp. 434-444.
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This study focused on the characterization of organic and biological foulants on reverse osmosis (RO) membrane and fouled RO membrane characterization with seawater pretreated by submerged membrane hybrid systems (SMHSs). New low pressure membrane based pretreatments namely submerged membrane coagulation hybrid system (SMCHS) and submerged membrane coagulation-adsorption hybrid system (SMCAHS) were investigated. Organic foulants on RO membrane were characterized in terms of molecular weight distribution (MWD), fluorescence and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) analyses. The organic foulants were mainly composed of high molecular weight matters representing biopolymers in the foulants. The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (F-EEM) analysis showed that protein-like materials were dominant with samples pretreated by SMHSs. Humic-like materials which have lower aromaticity were also present in the foulant. Biological foulants were investigated in terms of total direct cell (TDC) count, cell viability and biomass activity (adenosine tri-phosphate; ATP). Biological fouling was found to be reduced by organic removal with SMHSs. The fouled membranes were characterized using environmental scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, zeta-potential measurement, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle measurement. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Jeong, S, Naidu, G & Vigneswaran, S 2013, 'Submerged membrane adsorption bioreactor as a pretreatment in seawater desalination for biofouling control', Bioresource Technology, vol. 141, no. 1, pp. 57-64.
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Submerged membrane adsorption bioreactor (SMABR) was investigated as a pretreatment to reverse osmosis (RO). SMABR removed organic matter by adsorption and biological degradation. At a powder activated carbon (PAC) residence time of 66 d (1.5% of PAC replacement daily), higher organic removal was achieved with removal of a majority of biopolymers (9497%) and humics (7176%). A continuous MBR operation with the optimal PAC residence time of 66 d was conducted and compared with MBR with no PAC replenishment in terms of the removal of organic and microbes. High removal of organics of up to 72% was maintained with only a marginal increment of trans-membrane pressure and stable bioactivity (total cell number and adenosine tri-phosphate) during the 50 d of operation. The SMABR was found to be a sustainable biological pretreatment to RO with only a small amount of PAC requirement (2.14 g of PAC/m3 of seawater treated).

Jeong, S, Naidu, G, Vigneswaran, S, Ma, CH & Rice, SA 2013, 'A rapid bioluminescence-based test of assimilable organic carbon for seawater', Desalination, vol. 317, pp. 160-165.
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The accumulation of biological materials and bacteria on water purification membranes, termed biofouling, is associated with decreased membrane performance and increased cost of operation. One strategy to minimize biofouling is pretreatment of the influent water. In this regard, tools and indicators that can assess the influent water are required, enabling an optimum selection of pretreatment methods. One parameter directly linked to biofouling potential is the concentration of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in the feed-water. High AOC levels are associated with increased growth potential of the microbial fouling community. This work focused on the development of a new method for rapid and accurate quantification of AOC concentration in seawater. The method is based on the quantification of the bioluminescence response of the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri MJ-1. Compared to previous methods, this new V. fischeri method was rapid (within 1. h), sensitive (detection limit. = 0.1. μg-C glucose equivalents/L) and highly suitable for seawater samples. V. fischeri method was evaluated using real seawater samples. The results showed positive reproductive AOC values. The new V. fischeri AOC method developed has a highly promising potential to be practically adopted as a rapid indicator of AOC concentration and hence biofouling potential of influent marine water. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Jeong, S, Okour, Y, Nguyen, TV, Shon, HK & Vigneswaran, S 2013, 'Ti-salt flocculation for dissolved organic matter removal in seawater', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 51, no. 16-18, pp. 3591-3596.
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In this study, the removal of different fractions of organic matter in seawater was investigated using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) flocculation and compared with ferric chloride (FeCl3) flocculation. The organic matter fractions were characterised using liquid chromatography-organic carbon detector (LC-OCD). Results showed the hydrophobic compounds removal was dominant by both flocculants. However, the removal of hydrophilic organic compounds, such as humics and low-molecular weight neutral compounds of seawater, was superior by TiCl4 flocculation compared to FeCl3 flocculation and this removal increased considerably with the increase of TiCl4 doses. The flocculated sludge after TiCl4 flocculation was incinerated to produce titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle. TiO2 from seawater sludge characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) showed predominant anatase phase with Si as a main dopant. © 2013 Copyright Balaban Desalination Publications.

Jia, W, Liang, S, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, Zhang, J, Wang, R & Zou, Y 2013, 'Effect of phosphorus load on nutrients removal and N2O emission during low-oxygen simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 141, no. 1, pp. 123-130.
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Three laboratory scale anaerobicaerobic (low-oxygen) SBRs (R1, R2 and R3) were conducted at different influent phosphorus concentration to evaluate the impacts of phosphorus load on nutrients removal and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission during low-oxygen simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) process. The results showed that TP and TN removals were enhanced simultaneously with the increase in phosphorus load. It was mainly caused by the enrichment of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) under high phosphorus load and low COD/P ratio (<50), which could use nitrate/nitrite as electron acceptors to take up the phosphorus. N2O emission was reduced with increasing phosphorus load. N2O-N emission amount per cycle of R3 was 24.1% lower than that of R1. It was due to the decrease of N2O yield by heterotrophic denitrification. When the phosphorus load increased from R1 to R3, heterotrophic denitrification (D) ranged from 42.6% to 36.6% of the N2O yield.

Jia, W, Liang, S, Zhang, J, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, Yan, Y & Zou, Y 2013, 'Nitrous oxide emission in low-oxygen simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process: Sources and mechanisms', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 136, no. 1, pp. 444-451.
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This study attempts to elucidate the emission sources and mechanisms of nitrous oxide (N2O) during simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) process under oxygen-limiting condition. The results indicated that N2O emitted during low-oxygen SND process was 0.8 ± 0.1 mg N/gMLSS, accounting for 7.7% of the nitrogen input. This was much higher than the reported results from conventional nitrification and denitrification processes. Batch experiments revealed that nitrifier denitrification was attributed as the dominant source of N2O production. This could be well explained by the change of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) community caused by the low-oxygen condition. It was observed that during the lowoxygen SND process, AOB species capable of denitrification, i.e., Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrosomonas-like, were enriched whilst the composition of denitrifiers was only slightly affected. N2O emission by heterotrophic denitrification was considered to be limited by the presence of oxygen and unavailability of carbon source.

Jiang, F, Daoyi Dong, Longbing Cao & Frater, MR 2013, 'Agent-Based Self-Adaptable Context-Aware Network Vulnerability Assessment', IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 255-270.
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Immunology inspired computer security has attracted enormous attention as its potential impacts on the next generation service-oriented network operation system. In this paper, we propose a new agent-based threat awareness assessment strategy inspired by the human immune system to dynamically adapt against attacks. Specifically, this approach is based on the dynamic reconfiguration of the file access right for system calls or logs (e.g., file rewritability) with balanced adaptability and vulnerability. Based on an information-theoretic analysis on the coherently associations of adaptability, autonomy as well as vulnerability, a generic solution is suggested to break down their coherent links. The principle is to maximize context-situation awared systems' adaptability and reduce systems' vulnerability simultaneously. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed biological behaviour-inspired vulnerability awareness system.

Johir, MA, Shanmuganathan, S, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2013, 'Performance of submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) with and without the addition of the different particle sizes of GAC as suspended medium', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 141, pp. 13-18.
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In this study the effect of different particle sizes of granular activated carbon (GAC) on the performance of a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) was investigated. The sizes of GAC used were 150-300, 300-600 and 600-1200μm. The SMBR was operated at a filtration flux of 20L/m2h. The removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) with the addition of GAC was 95%. The concentration of biopolymers, humic, building block and low molecular weight neutral and acids in the SMBR effluent was reduced by 20%, 66-76%, 20-50%, 30-56%, respectively. It helped to reduce the sludge volume index (SVI) and transmembrane pressure (TMP) development by 30-40% and 58%, respectively. However, the removal of NH4+ and PO43- was relatively low of 35-45% and 34-43%, respectively. The SMBR effluent was rich in PO43- and was removed/recovered using hydrated ferric oxide (HFO). The removal of PO43- was almost 90%. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Johir, MAH, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Sleigh, R 2013, 'Coupling of physico-chemical treatment and steel membrane filtration to enhanced organic removal in wastewater treatment', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 51, no. 13-15, pp. 2695-2701.
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In this study, the application of steel membrane filtration was tested with the pre-treated wastewater. The pre-treatment methods tested before membrane filtration application were flocculation using FeCl3, Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) adsorption, purolite ion-exchange column and purolite ion-exchange column followed by flocculation (FeCl3). The effect of two different modes of membrane application (cross-flow and dead-end modes) was examined. The ability of these filters in removing organic matters and solids were examined. It was found that the decline of flux was slightly lower for dead-end mode of operation to that of cross-flow mode of operation. Pre-treatment increased the performance of membrane filtration. The flux decline of raw water (without pre-treatment) was 31-10%, whereas after pre-treatment, it was about 2.5-21%. Pre-treatment followed by microfiltration (MF) showed 68-91% removal efficiency of dissolved organic carbon

Johir, MAH, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, BenAim, R & Grasmick, A 2013, 'Effect of salt concentration on membrane bioreactor (MBR) performances: Detailed organic characterization', Desalination, vol. 322, no. 1, pp. 13-20.
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The gradual increase of salt concentration (0 to 35g-NaCl/L) on the performance of membrane bioreactor (MBR) was studied. The uptake rate of dissolved organic carbon and ammonia decreased from around 17.0mg-DOC/g-MLVSS.d to 1.8mg-DOC/g-MLVSS.d and from 8.2mg-NH4-N/g-MLVSS.d to 0mg-NH4-N/g-MLVSS.d respectively when salt concentration reached to 35g-NaCl/L. Similarly the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) reduced from 8 to 9 to around 0.3mg-O2/g-MLVSS.h. The removal of bio-polymers, humic acids, building blocks and low molecular weight neutral decreased with increase in salt concentration. The concentration of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in bio-polymer increased from 0.05 to 3.31mg/L when the salt concentration reached to 35g-NaCl/L. This study provides good information for understanding the effect of continuous increase of salt concentration in treating saline wastewater in a MBR process. © 2013.

Jupp, JR & Awad, R 2013, 'Developing Digital Literacy in Construction Management Education: A Design Thinking Led Approach', Journal of Pedagogic Development, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 24-30.
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Alongside the digital innovations in AEC (Architectural, Engineering and Construction) practice, are calls for a new type of digital literacy, including a new information-based literacy informed by creativity, critical analysis and the theoretical and practical knowledge of the construction profession. This paper explores the role of design thinking and the promotion of abductive problem situations when developing digital literacies in construction education. The impacts of advanced digital modelling technologies on construction management practices and education are investigated before an examination of design thinking, the role of abductive reasoning and the rise of normative models of design thinking workflows. The paper then explores the role that design thinking can play in the development of new digital literacies in contemporary construction studies. A three-part framework for the implementation of a design thinking approach to construction is presented. The paper closes with a discussion of the importance of models of design thinking for learning and knowledge production, emphasising how construction management education can benefit from them.

Kabir, SMR, Rahman, BMA, Agrawal, A & Grattan, KTV 2013, 'ELIMINATION OF NUMERICAL DISPERSION FROM ELECTROMAGNETIC TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS BY USING RESOURCE EFFICIENT FINITE ELEMENT TECHNIQUE', Progress In Electromagnetics Research, vol. 137, pp. 487-512.
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Kabiri, K, Pradhan, B, Samimi-Namin, K & Moradi, M 2013, 'Detecting coral bleaching, using QuickBird multi-temporal data: A feasibility study at Kish Island, the Persian Gulf', Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol. 117, pp. 273-281.
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Kabiri, K, Pradhan, B, Shafri, HZM, Mansor, SB & Samimi-Namin, K 2013, 'A Novel Approach to Estimate Diffuse Attenuation Coefficients for QuickBird Satellite Images: A Case Study at Kish Island, the Persian Gulf', Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 797-806.
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Kale, A, Chaczko, Z & Rudas, I 2013, 'Managing Dynamism of Multimodal Detection in Machine Vision Using Selection of Phenotypes', Computer Aided Systems Theory -- EUROCAST 2013, vol. 8112, no. 1, pp. 483-490.
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Multimodal Sensor Vision is a technique for detecting objects in dynamic and uncertain environmental conditions. In this research, a new approach for automated feature subset selection-mechanism is proposed that combines a set of features acquired from multiple sensors. Based on changing environmental conditions, the merits of respective sensory data can be assessed and the feature subset optimized, using genetic operators. Genetic Algorithms (GAs) with problem specific modifications improve reliability and adaptability of the detection process. In the new approach, a traditional GA is customized by combining the problem profiled encoding with a specialized operator. Application of an additional operator prioritizes and switches within the feature subsets of the algorithm, allowing a feature level aggregation that uses the most prominent features. The approach offers a more robust and a better performing Machine Vision processing.

Kang, S-J, Tijing, LD, Hwang, B-S, Jiang, Z, Kim, HY & Kim, CS 2013, 'Fabrication and photocatalytic activity of electrospun nylon-6 nanofibers containing tourmaline and titanium dioxide nanoparticles', Ceramics International, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 7143-7148.
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Karadag, Y, Aas, M, Jonáš, A, Anand, S, McGloin, D & Kiraz, A 2013, 'Dye lasing in optically manipulated liquid aerosols', Optics Letters, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 1669-1669.
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Kardani, M, Nazem, M, Sheng, D & Carter, JP 2013, 'Large deformation analysis of geomechanics problems by a combined rh-adaptive finite element method', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 49, pp. 90-99.
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Karsa, M, Dalla Pozza, L, Venn, NC, Law, T, Shi, R, Giles, JE, Bahar, AY, Cross, S, Catchpoole, D, Haber, M, Marshall, GM, Norris, MD & Sutton, R 2013, 'Improving the Identification of High Risk Precursor B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients with Earlier Quantification of Minimal Residual Disease', PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. e76455-e76455.
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The stratification of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) into treatment risk groups based on quantification of minimal residual disease (MRD) after induction therapy is now well accepted but the relapse rate of about 20% in intermediate risk patients remains a challenge. The purpose of this study was to further improve stratification by MRD measurement at an earlier stage. MRD was measured in stored day 15 bone marrow samples for pediatric patients enrolled on ANZCHOG ALL8 using Real-time Quantitative PCR to detect immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements with the same assays used at day 33 and day 79 in the original MRD stratification. MRD levels in bone marrow at day 15 and 33 were highly predictive of outcome in 223 precursor B-ALL patients (log rank Mantel-Cox tests both P<0.001) and identified patients with poor, intermediate and very good outcomes. The combined use of MRD at day 15 (≥1×10-2) and day 33 (≥5×1-5) identified a subgroup of medium risk precursor B-ALL patients as poor MRD responders with 5 year relapse-free survival of 55% compared to 84% for other medium risk patients (log rank Mantel-Cox test, P = 0.0005). Risk stratification of precursor B-ALL but not T-ALL could be improved by using MRD measurement at day 15 and day 33 instead of day 33 and day 79 in similar BFM-based protocols for children with this disease. © 2013 Karsa et al.

Kazem, A, Sharifi, E, Hussain, FK, Saberi, M & Hussain, OK 2013, 'Support vector regression with chaos-based firefly algorithm for stock market price forecasting', APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 947-958.
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Due to the inherent non-linearity and non-stationary characteristics of financial stock market price time series, conventional modeling techniques such as the Box-Jenkins autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) are not adequate for stock market price forecasting. In this paper, a forecasting model based on chaotic mapping, firefly algorithm, and support vector regression (SVR) is proposed to predict stock market price. The forecasting model has three stages. In the first stage, a delay coordinate embedding method is used to reconstruct unseen phase space dynamics. In the second stage, a chaotic firefly algorithm is employed to optimize SVR hyperparameters. Finally in the third stage, the optimized SVR is used to forecast stock market price. The significance of the proposed algorithm is 3-fold. First, it integrates both chaos theory and the firefly algorithm to optimize SVR hyperparameters, whereas previous studies employ a genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize these parameters. Second, it uses a delay coordinate embedding method to reconstruct phase space dynamics. Third, it has high prediction accuracy due to its implementation of structural risk minimization (SRM). To show the applicability and superiority of the proposed algorithm, we selected the three most challenging stock market time series data from NASDAQ historical quotes, namely Intel, National Bank shares and Microsoft daily closed (last) stock price, and applied the proposed algorithm to these data. Compared with genetic algorithm-based SVR (SVR-GA), chaotic genetic algorithm-based SVR (SVR-CGA), firefly-based SVR (SVR-FA), artificial neural networks (ANNs) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), the proposed model performs best based on two error measures, namely mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute percent error (MAPE). Copyright © 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Kazienko, P, Musial, K & Kajdanowicz, T 2013, 'Multidimensional Social Network in the Social Recommender System', Kazienko, P.; Musial, K.; Kajdanowicz, T.;, 'Multidimensional Social Network in the Social Recommender System,' Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans, IEEE Transactions on, vol.41, no.4, pp.746-759, July 2011, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 746-759.
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All online sharing systems gather data that reflects users' collectivebehaviour and their shared activities. This data can be used to extractdifferent kinds of relationships, which can be grouped into layers, and whichare basic components of the multidimensional social network proposed in thepaper. The layers are created on the basis of two types of relations betweenhumans, i.e. direct and object-based ones which respectively correspond toeither social or semantic links between individuals. For better understandingof the complexity of the social network structure, layers and their profileswere identified and studied on two, spanned in time, snapshots of the Flickrpopulation. Additionally, for each layer, a separate strength measure wasproposed. The experiments on the Flickr photo sharing system revealed that therelationships between users result either from semantic links between objectsthey operate on or from social connections of these users. Moreover, thedensity of the social network increases in time. The second part of the studyis devoted to building a social recommender system that supports the creationof new relations between users in a multimedia sharing system. Its main goal isto generate personalized suggestions that are continuously adapted to users'needs depending on the personal weights assigned to each layer in themultidimensional social network. The conducted experiments confirmed theusefulness of the proposed model.

Kelly (Letcher), RA, Jakeman, AJ, Barreteau, O, Borsuk, ME, ElSawah, S, Hamilton, SH, Henriksen, HJ, Kuikka, S, Maier, HR, Rizzoli, AE, van Delden, H & Voinov, AA 2013, 'Selecting among five common modelling approaches for integrated environmental assessment and management', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 47, pp. 159-181.
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Kersten, W, Skirde, H & Lammers, T 2013, 'Komplexitätscontrolling in Logistiksystemen', Controlling, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 90-95.
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In this paper we show a methodology to derive recommendations for the optimization and controlling of complexity in logistics systems, taking the example of the distribution. Based on an assessment and a visualization of the complexity, a structured deduction of multiple approaches is conducted and subsequently applied in the case study of a 3rd party logistics provider.

Keshavarz, R & Movahhedi, M 2013, 'A compact and wideband coupled-line coupler with high coupling level using shunt periodic stubs', Radioengineering, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 323-327.
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A wideband microstrip forward-wave coupledline coupler with high coupling value is presented. Compared with the conventional edge-coupled microstrip forward-wave coupler, this symmetrical structure, consisting periodic shunt stubs between the two coupled-lines, achieves wider operating bandwidth and larger coupling level. To characterize this structure, the equivalent circuit model is established and verified by measurement and fullwave results. The designed and fabricated prototype is a 0-dB forward-wave coupler with 0.6 mm stub length. This coupler exhibits a coupled amplitude balance of ±2 dB, good matching (15 dB) and at least 15dB isolation between adjacent ports over a wide bandwidth of 66% from 2 GHz to 4 GHz centered at 3 GHz. The coupled-line length and width of the proposed structure are approximately λg/2 and λg/13, respectively, which makes it more compact than the conventional forward coupled-line couplers.

Keshavarz, R, Mohammadi, A & Abdipour, A 2013, 'A Quad-Band Distributed Amplifier With E-CRLH Transmission Line', IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 4188-4194.
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Kha, HH, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, HH 2013, 'Joint Optimization of Source Power Allocation and Cooperative Beamforming for SC-FDMA Multi-User Multi-Relay Networks', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 2248-2259.
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This paper is concerned with design problems of joint source power allocation and relay beamforming in multiuser multi-relay networks that use single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) and amplify-and-forward relaying. Examined are the

Kha, HH, Tuan, HD, Nguyen, HH & Pham, TT 2013, 'Optimization of Cooperative Beamforming for SC-FDMA Multi-User Multi-Relay Networks by Tractable D.C. Programming', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 467-479.
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This paper addresses the optimal cooperative beamforming design for multi-user multi-relay wireless networks in which the single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) technique is employed at the terminals. The problem of interest is to find the beamforming weights across relays to maximize the minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) among source users subject to individual power constraints at each relay. Such a beamforming design is shown to be a hard nonconvex optimization problem and therefore it is mathematically challenging to find the optimal solution. By exploring its partial convex structures, we recast the design problem as minimization of a d.c. (difference of two convex) objective function subject to convex constraints and develop an effective iterative algorithm of low complexity to solve it. Simulation results show that our optimal cooperative beamforming scheme realizes the inherent diversity order of the relay network and it performs significantly better than the equal-power beamforming weights.

Khalilpour, R, Abbas, A, Lai, Z & Pinnau, I 2013, 'Analysis of hollow fibre membrane systems for multicomponent gas separation', Chemical Engineering Research and Design, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 332-347.
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Kheirkhah, A, Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Azaron, A & Shakouri, H 2013, 'Improved estimation of electricity demand function by using of artificial neural network, principal component analysis and data envelopment analysis', Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 425-441.
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Khorsandnia, N, Valipour, HR & Crews, K 2013, 'Nonlinear finite element analysis of timber beams and joints using the layered approach and hypoelastic constitutive law', ENGINEERING STRUCTURES, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 606-614.
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This paper focuses on development and application of finite element models for nonlinear analysis of timber, timberâconcrete composite (TCC) beams and joints. A new piecewise continuous orthotropic failure envelope in the bi-axial stress space is proposed for modelling timber behaviour. The proposed orthotropic surface is simplified based on isotropic behaviour of timber along the grains and the model is formulated within the framework of hypoelastic constitutive law. The developed constitutive law and finite element (FE) models are verified by examples taken from the literature including timber beams with and without notches and holes subject to three- and four-point bending as well as push-out test results of TCC connections. Further, the accuracy and performance of the proposed constitutive law for capturing nonlinear behaviour and failure load of timber beams and connections is compared with orthotropic Hashin damage model. The FE results show good agreement with experimental results in terms of loadâdisplacement response and ultimate loading capacity of members and it is concluded that the developed timber model can adequately capture the global as well as the local behaviour of timber beams and TCC connections.

Khushaba, RN, Kodagoda, S, Lal, S & Dissanayake, G 2013, 'Uncorrelated fuzzy neighborhood preserving analysis based feature projection for driver drowsiness recognition', FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS, vol. 221, no. 1, pp. 90-111.
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Driver drowsiness is reported as one of the main causal factors in many traffic accidents as it progressively impairs the driver's awareness about external events. Drowsiness detection can be approached through monitoring physiological signals while driving to correlate drowsiness with the change in the corresponding patterns of the Electroencephalogram (EEG), Electrooculogram (EOG), and Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The main challenge in such an approach is to extract a set of features that can highly discriminate between the different drowsiness levels. This paper proposes a new Fuzzy Neighborhood Preserving Analysis (FNPA) feature projection method that is used to extract the discriminant information relevant to the loss of attention caused by drowsiness. Unlike existing methods, FNPA considers the fuzzy memberships of the input measurements into the different classes while constructing the graph Laplacian. Thus, it is able to identify both the discriminant and the geometrical structure of the input data while accounting for the overlapping nature of the drowsiness patterns. Furthermore, in order to address the singularity problem that occurs in many real world problems, the singular value decomposition (SVD), and later the QR-Decomposition, are utilized to extract a set of statistically uncorrelated features presenting the Uncorrelated FNPA (UFNPA). In the current preliminary study with datasets collected from 31 subjects only, while performing a driving simulation task, the proposed method is capable of accurately classifying the drowsiness levels using a small number of features with an average accuracy of 93%93%. On the other hand, the possibility of developing a subject-independent drowsiness recognition system is also investigated when the problem is converted into a binary classification task, as imposed by the number of drowsiness levels exhibited by the drivers, with accuracies ranging from 82%-to-84%.

Khushaba, RN, Kodagoda, S, Liu, D & Dissanayake, G 2013, 'Muscle computer interfaces for driver distraction reduction', COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE, vol. 110, no. 2, pp. 137-149.
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Driver distraction is regarded as a significant contributor to motor-vehicle crashes. One of the important factors contributing to driver distraction was reported to be the handling and reaching of in-car electronic equipment and controls that usually requires taking the drivers' hands off the wheel and eyes off the road. To minimize the amount of such distraction, we present a new control scheme that senses and decodes the human muscles signals, denoted as Electromyogram (EMG), associated with different fingers postures/pressures, and map that to different commands to control external equipment, without taking hands off the wheel. To facilitate such a scheme, the most significant step is the extraction of a set of highly discriminative feature set that can well separate between the different EMG-based actions and to do so in a computationally efficient manner. In this paper, an accurate and efficient method based on Fuzzy Neighborhood Discriminant Analysis (FNDA), is proposed for discriminant feature extraction and then extended to the channel selection problem. Unlike existing methods, the objective of the proposed FNDA is to preserve the local geometrical and discriminant structures, while taking into account the contribution of the samples to the different classes. The method also aims to efficiently overcome the singularity problems of classical LDA by employing the QR-decomposition. Practical real-time experiments with eight EMG sensors attached on the human forearm of eight subjects indicated that up to fourteen classes of fingers postures/pressures can be classified with <7% error on average, proving the significance of the proposed method. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Khushaba, RN, Wise, C, Kodagoda, S, Louviere, J, Kahn, BE & Townsend, C 2013, 'Consumer neuroscience: Assessing the brain response to marketing stimuli using electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye tracking', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 40, no. 9, pp. 3803-3812.
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Ki, S-K & Lu, DD-C 2013, 'A High Step-Down Transformerless Single-Stage Single-Switch AC/DC Converter', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 36-45.
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Kianfar, K, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2013, 'Radial consolidation model incorporating the effects of vacuum preloading and non-Darcian flow', GEOTECHNIQUE, vol. 63, no. 12, pp. 1060-1073.
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Kim, HJ, Pant, HR, Park, CH, Tijing, LD, Choi, NJ & Kim, CS 2013, 'Hydrothermal growth of mop-brush-shaped ZnO rods on the surface of electrospun nylon-6 nanofibers', Ceramics International, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 3095-3102.
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Kim, HJ, Pant, HR, Park, CH, Tijing, LD, Hwang, BS, Choi, NJ & Kim, CS 2013, 'Electrical properties of ZnO/nylon-6 spider-wave-like nanonets prepared via electrospinning', Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, vol. 8, pp. 385-393.
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In this work, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) incorporated electrospun nylon-6 spider-wave-like nanonets with improved electrical properties were successfully fabricated by simple blending of ZnO NPs with nylon-6 solution. Proper dispersion of ZnO NPs with nylon-6 solution not only produce well distributed ZnO NPs on/into the fibres but also accelerate the formation of large number of thin fibres in the form of spider-wave-like nanonets. The incorporation of ZnO NPs through spider-wave-like nylon-6 nanonets was verified by FESEM, EDX, TEM, TGA, FT-IR analysis. The electrical properties of pristine nylon-6 and ZnO/nylon-6 composite fibres was investigated by current-voltage (I-V) characteristic measurement. It was found that ZnO incorporated nylon-6 composite mats had better electrical conductivity than pristine nylon-6 mat. This result was due to the influence of ultrathin nanofibers and well incorporated ZnO NPs through electrospun nylon-6 fibers. The significant enhanced electrical properties of composite mat may open a new direction for future polymer electronics.

Kim, JB, Lee, KW, Park, SM, Shon, HK, Shahid, M, Saliby, IE, Lee, WE, Kim, G-J & Kim, J-H 2013, 'Preparation of Iron-Doped Titania from Flocculated Sludge with Iron-Titanium Composite Coagulant', Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 4106-4109.
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The main drawback of flocculation process with dye wastewater is the large amount of unrecyclable sludge which needs disposal. A novel process using Ti-salt flocculation to purify wastewater was developed to produced sludge that can be calcined to produce titania. In this study, irondoped TiO2 nanomaterial was successfully produced from sludge obtained by the flocculation of dye wastewater with a composite floculant including TiCl4 and FeSO4. The titania was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the photodecomposition of acetaldehyde. The XDR results showed that the anatase and rutile structures were found after sludge calcination at 550 C and 640 C respectively. The elemental analyses were carried out using EDX. The rutile titania sample consisted of Ti (35.7 wt.%), Fe (14.7 wt.%), O (42.3 wt.%), P (2.6 wt.%) and Ca (4.7 wt.%). The photocatalytic activity was monitored for the photodecomposition of gas acetaldehyde. Iron-doped titania seems to play an important role in increasing the photocatalytic activity under UV light irradiation.

Kim, JE, Phuntsho, S & Shon, HK 2013, 'Pilot-scale nanofiltration system as post-treatment for fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis desalination for direct fertigation', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 51, no. 31-33, pp. 6265-6273.
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The integration of the fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis with nanofiltration (NF) has been investigated to evaluate the performance of NF process as a post-treatment. The primary objective of this study is to optimize the operating conditions such as feed flow rate and feed concentration, while producing fresh water including low nutrient (N) concentration can be directly used for irrigation. Investigation of operating parameters at the pilot-scale level focused on specific water flux and ammonium sulphate rejection. Results from this study showed that NF process applied as the post-treatment can effectively reject the N concentration more than 90%. Although other factors such as the applied pressure and the cross-flow rates played a certain role in the performance of the pilot-scale NF process, the influence of the feed concentration was more significant on the specific water flux and N rejection. © 2013 Copyright Balaban Desalination Publications.

Kim, TH, Hwang, BS, Kang, HY, Kim, JH, Tijing, LD, Kim, CS & Lim, JK 2013, 'Enhanced wetting and adhesion of polycarbonate by ultraviolet light surface treatment', Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1415-1421.
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In this study, polycarbonate (PC) surfaces were treated with ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation at different treatment times (0 to 48 h) and at two UV wavelengths, i.e., at 365 nm (UVA) and at 254 nm (UVC). Morphological and surface properties were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle (CA) measurements. To check the shear strength of the treated polycarbonates, single-lap shear test was carried out. Both UVA and UVC treatment produced rougher PC surface compared to untreated PC, however, UVA did not affect much the wettability of PC. But for UVC treatment, the CA of PC decreased with increasing treatment time to a maximum reduction of 23% after 48 h. The shear strength of UVC-treated PC increased by 63% than that of untreated PC, which is attributed to the formation of functional groups at the surface making it hydrophilic and the rougher surface topography that gives more surface area for adhesion.

Klejsa, J, Zhang, G, Li, M & Kleijn, WB 2013, 'Multiple Description Distribution Preserving Quantization', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 61, no. 24, pp. 6410-6422.
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Komkhao, M, Lu, J, Li, Z & Halang, WA 2013, 'Incremental collaborative filtering based on Mahalanobis distance and fuzzy membership for recommender systems', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL SYSTEMS, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 41-66.
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Recommender systems, as an effective personalization approach, can suggest best-suited items (products or services) to particular users based on their explicit and implicit preferences by applying information filtering technology. Collaborative filtering (CF) method is currently the most popular and widely adopted recommendation approach. It works by collecting user ratings for items in a given domain and by computing the similarity between the profiles of several users in order to recommend items. Current similarity measures and models updated by traditional model-based CF have, however, shortcomings with respect to accuracy of prediction and scalability of recommender systems. To overcome these problems, here an incremental CF algorithm based on the Mahalanobis distance is presented. The algorithm has two phases: the learning phase, in which models of similar users are constructed incrementally, and the prediction phase, in which interested users are clustered by measuring their similarity to existing clusters in a model. To handle confusion of decision making on overlapping clusters, fuzzy sets are employed, and the degree of membership to them is expressed by the Mahalanobis radial basis function. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm leads to improved prediction accuracy and prevents the scalability problem in recommendation systems.

Kong, Q, Zhang, J, Ngo, HH, Ni, S, Fu, R, Guo, W, Guo, N & Tian, L 2013, 'Nitrous oxide emission in an aerobic granulation sequencing batch airlift reactor at ambient temperatures', INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 533-538.
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This study aims to investigate the nitrous oxide (N2O) emission in an aerobic granulation sequencing batch airlift reactor (SBAR) and the associated microbial community of aerobic granular sludge at ambient temperature (18+-3)0C. After 48 days of operation, 1-2 mm granules were obtained and excellent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium NH4-N removal efficiencies were stably achieved. N2O concentration in the off gas was maximal at the beginning of the aerobic period and stabilized at a lower concentration after an initial peak. (0.60+-0.17, n=3) % of the total nitrogen load to the SBAR was emitted as N2O. A dramatic change in the microbial community structure was noted between the initial seed sludge and the final mature aerobic granular sludge. Nitrosospira was identified to be the dominant ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) which was attributed as the dominant source of N2O production in aerobic granular sludge by analysis of 16S rDNA sequences.

Konyagin, SV, Luca, F, Mans, B, Mathieson, L, Sha, M & Shparlinski, IE 2013, 'Functional Graphs of Polynomials over Finite Fields', Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series B, vol. 116, pp. 87-122.
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Given a function $f$ in a finite field ${\mathbb F}_q$ of $q$ elements, wedefine the functional graph of $f$ as a directed graph on $q$ nodes labelled bythe elements of ${\mathbb F}_q$ where there is an edge from $u$ to $v$ if andonly if $f(u) = v$. We obtain some theoretic estimates on the number ofnon-isomorphic graphs generated by all polynomials of a given degree. We thendevelop a simple and practical algorithm to test the isomorphism of quadraticpolynomials that has linear memory and time complexities. Furthermore, weextend this isomorphism testing algorithm to the general case of functionalgraphs, and prove that, while its time complexity increases only slightly, itsmemory complexity remains linear. We exploit this algorithm to provide an upperbound on the number of functional graphs corresponding to polynomials of degree$d$ over ${\mathbb F}_q$. Finally, we present some numerical results andcompare function graphs of quadratic polynomials with those generated by randommaps and pose interesting new problems.

Kouretzis, GP, Sheng, D & Sloan, SW 2013, 'Sand–pipeline–trench lateral interaction effects for shallow buried pipelines', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 54, pp. 53-59.
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Krami, LK, Amiri, F, Sefiyanian, A, Shariff, ARBM, Tabatabaie, T & Pradhan, B 2013, 'Spatial patterns of heavy metals in soil under different geological structures and land uses for assessing metal enrichments', Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 185, no. 12, pp. 9871-9888.
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Krunz, M, Siam, MZ & Nguyen, DN 2013, 'Clustering and power management for virtual MIMO communications in wireless sensor networks', Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 1571-1587.
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Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) is a well-established technique for increasing the link throughput, extending the transmission range, and/or reducing energy consumption. In the context of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), even if each node is equipped with a single antenna, it is possible to group several nodes to form a virtual antenna array, which can act as the transmitting or receiving end of a virtual MIMO (VMIMO) link. In this paper, we propose energy-efficient clustering and power management schemes for virtual MIMO operation in a multi-hop WSN. Our schemes are integrated into a comprehensive protocol, called cooperative MIMO (CMIMO), which involves clustering the WSN into several clusters, each managed by up to two cluster heads (CHs); a master CH (MCH) and a slave CH (SCH). The MCH and SCH collect data from their cluster members during the intra-cluster communications phase and communicate these data to neighboring MCHs/SCHs via an inter-cluster VMIMO link. CMIMO achieves energy efficiency by proper selection of the MCHs and SCHs, adaptation of the antenna elements and powers in the inter-cluster communications phase, and using a cross-layer MIMO-aware route selection algorithm for multi-hop operation. We formally establish the conditions on the transmission powers of CHs and non-CHs that ensure the connectivity of the inter-cluster topology. Simulations are used to study the performance of CMIMO. The simulation results indicate that our proposed protocol achieves significant reduction in energy consumption and longer network life time, compared with non-adaptive clustered WSNs. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Kuhlang, P, Hempen, S, Edtmayr, T, Sihn, W & Deuse, J 2013, 'Systematische Verbesserung von Wertströmen', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 108, no. 1-2, pp. 15-19.
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Kurzfassung Wertstromdesign und die kurzzyklische Verbesserungsroutine werden im Zuge des Modells des Wertstromorientierten Prozessmanagements in den organisatorischen Rahmen des Prozessmanagements eingebettet, um eine systematische Verbesserung von Wertströmen in verschiedenen Betrachtungsebenen und Detaillierungsgraden methodisch zu unterstützen. Somit wird eine vertiefte und nachhaltigere Umsetzung des kontinuierlichen Verbesserungsprozesses ermöglicht.

Kuhlang, P, Hempen, S, Sihn, W & Deuse, J 2013, 'Systematic improvement of value streams - fundamentals of value stream oriented process management', International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-1.
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Improving processes is a daily base challenge for enterprises. In particular improvement attempts occur in various different levels of detail and are commonly not linked methodically. Process management systems in general are suitable approaches to manage process improvements. A systematic routine to improve processes and value stream mapping (VSM) are integrated into the organisational framework of process management in order to enable a methodically fostered improvement of value streams in different levels of detail. The outlined approach to systematise the application of VSM is the conjunction of volatile and short-cyclic improvements of a value stream and the determination of target-conditions in order to develop the value stream towards an ideal-state which is specified by productivity and quality criteria. Copyright © 2013 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Kus, B, Kandasamy, J, Vigneswaran, S, Shon, HK & Moody, G 2013, 'Gravity driven membrane filtration system to improve the water quality in rainwater tanks', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-WATER SUPPLY, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 479-485.
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The characterisation of rainwater in metropolitan Sydney and in rural New South Wales was undertaken. The results showed that factors such as the lack of vehicular traffic, air pollution and urban contamination meant that rural rainwater water quality was better. The rain water collected in both metropolitan and rural areas generally complied with the 2004 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines except for parameters such as the pH in both the metropolitan and rural rainwater tanks and the turbidity, and lead levels from the metropolitan tanks. This paper also reports the results of a laboratory and a pilot scale study with a deep bed filter (granular activated carbon, GAC) and microfiltration (MF) hollow fibre membrane filter system used to treat raw rainwater collected from a metropolitan rainwater tank. The results of the laboratory experiment and pilot scale systems focus on the non-compliant parameters of the sampling program, i.e. turbidity, lead and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). It was found that rainwater treated by the GAC filter removed the majority of the turbidity and organic substances. The treatment system reduced the concentration of turbidity, lead and DOC to below the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines limits. The pilot plant experiment demonstrated that a GAC filter system and gravity driven membrane could result in low cost and low maintenance operation.

Kus, B, Kandasamy, J, Vigneswaran, S, Shon, HK & Moody, G 2013, 'Household rainwater harvesting system - pilot scale gravity driven membrane-based filtration system', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-WATER SUPPLY, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 790-797.
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This paper presents the results of a pilot scale study consisting of pre-treatment with a granular activated carbon (GAC) filter followed by membrane filtration. Detailed characterisation of rainwater tanks has highlighted that turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and heavy metals, in particular lead, were not compliant with the 2004 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG). Further, organic matter present in the water causes membrane fouling and leads to carcinogenic compounds upon chlorination. A GAC filter was used as a first step to remove dissolved organic matter (measured in terms of DOC) in particular and also to reduce the concentration, of turbidity and lead. Membrane filtration can remove any remaining solids reducing the concentrations of turbidity and microorganisms. In this study a pilot scale rainwater treatment system consisting of a gravity fed GAC filter and membrane filter (Ultra Flo) was operated for a period of 120 days. The performance of this system was assessed in terms of membrane flux and improvement in water quality measured against the 2004 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines. Determination of the flux especially in the later stages of membrane operation was important to be able to size the filters in a manner that meets the expected demand. The treatment system of GAC filter and membrane filter was effective in reducing the turbidity, DOC and heavy metals. The system reduced the turbidity to levels of 0.30.4 NTU, below the ADWG limit of 1 NTU.

Kusakunniran, W, Wu, Q, Zhang, J, Ma, Y & Li, H 2013, 'A New View-Invariant Feature for Cross-View Gait Recognition', IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 1642-1653.
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Human gait is an important biometric feature which is able to identify a person remotely. However, change of view causes significant difficulties for recognizing gaits. This paper proposes a new framework to construct a new view-invariant feature for cross-view gait recognition. Our view-normalization process is performed in the input layer (i.e., on gait silhouettes) to normalize gaits from arbitrary views. That is, each sequence of gait silhouettes recorded from a certain view is transformed onto the common canonical view by using corresponding domain transformation obtained through invariant low-rank textures (TILTs). Then, an improved scheme of procrustes shape analysis (PSA) is proposed and applied on a sequence of the normalized gait silhouettes to extract a novel view-invariant gait feature based on procrustes mean shape (PMS) and consecutively measure a gait similarity based on procrustes distance (PD). Comprehensive experiments were carried out on widely adopted gait databases. It has been shown that the performance of the proposed method is promising when compared with other existing methods in the literature.

Lai, JCY, Leung, FHF, Ling, SH & Nguyen, HT 2013, 'Hypoglycaemia detection using fuzzy inference system with multi-objective double wavelet mutation Differential Evolution', APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 2803-2811.
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In this paper, a fuzzy inference system (FIS) is developed to recognize hypoglycaemic episodes. Hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose level) is a common and serious side effect of insulin therapy for patients with diabetes. We measure some physiological parameters continuously to provide hypoglycaemia detection for Type 1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM) patients. The FIS captures the relationship between the inputs of heart rate (HR), corrected QT interval of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal (QTc), change of HR, change of QTc and the output of hypoglycaemic episodes to perform the classification. An algorithm called Differential Evolution with Double Wavelet Mutation (DWM-DE) is introduced to optimize the FIS parameters that govern the membership functions and fuzzy rules. DWM-DE is an improved Differential Evolution algorithm that incorporates two wavelet-based operations to enhance the optimization performance. To prevent the phenomenon of overtraining (over-fitting), a validation approach is proposed. Moreover, in this problem, two targets of sensitivity and specificity should be met in order to achieve good performance. As a result, a multi-objective optimization using DWM-DE is introduced to perform the training of the FIS. Experiments using the data of 15 children with TIDM (569 data points) are studied. The data are randomly organized into a training set with 5 patients (l99 data points), a validation set with 5 patients (177 data points) and a testing set with 5 patients (193 data points). The result shows that the proposed FIS tuned by the multi-objective DWM-DE can offer good performance of doing classification.

Laird, I & Lu, DD-C 2013, 'High Step-Up DC/DC Topology and MPPT Algorithm for Use With a Thermoelectric Generator', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 3147-3157.
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Langston, C 2013, 'The role of coordinate-based decision-making in the evaluation of sustainable built environments', Construction Management and Economics, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 62-77.
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Existing environmental performance assessment approaches focus on the overall performance to reflect sustainability of built projects. However, the impacts caused by construction activities on the environment occur throughout a project's life cycle which may be different at different stages. Similarly, the economic benefits and social impacts from implementing a construction project may be different in different project stages. This paper presents a model of the sustainable development value (SDV), which integrates sustainability assessment into the building process. SDV measures the significance of the concerned project to the attainment of sustainable development values at different stages of a building life cycle, and the SDV at each stage will be amalgamated into the model of sustainable development ability (SDA). SDA is used as a prototype to demonstrate the extent of sustainable performance to aid decision making. This paper presents the methodological framework of SDV and SDA, and the implementation was demonstrated using a case study.

Laniak, GF, Olchin, G, Goodall, J, Voinov, A, Hill, M, Glynn, P, Whelan, G, Geller, G, Quinn, N, Blind, M, Peckham, S, Reaney, S, Gaber, N, Kennedy, R & Hughes, A 2013, 'Integrated environmental modeling: A vision and roadmap for the future', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 39, pp. 3-23.
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Laniak, GF, Rizzoli, AE & Voinov, A 2013, 'Thematic Issue on the Future of Integrated Modeling Science and Technology', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 39, pp. 1-2.
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Law, SS, Zhu, XQ, Tian, YJ, Li, XY & Wu, SQ 2013, 'Statistical damage classification method based on wavelet packet analysis', Structural Engineering and Mechanics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 459-486.
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Lawrence*, CG 2013, 'The urgency of monitoring salt consumption and its effects in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 198, no. 7, pp. 365-366.
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Le, LB, Niyato, D, Hossain, E, Kim, DI & Hoang, DT 2013, 'QoS-Aware and Energy-Efficient Resource Management in OFDMA Femtocells', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 180-194.
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Lee, HJ, Gallego-Ortega, D, Ledger, A, Schramek, D, Joshi, P, Szwarc, MM, Cho, C, Lydon, JP, Khokha, R, Penninger, JM & Ormandy, CJ 2013, 'Progesterone drives mammary secretory differentiation via RankL-mediated induction of Elf5 in luminal progenitor cells', Development, vol. 140, no. 7, pp. 1397-1401.
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Progesterone-RankL paracrine signaling has been proposed as a driver of stem cell expansion in the mammary gland, and Elf5 is essential for the differentiation of mammary epithelial progenitor cells. We demonstrate that Elf5 expression is induced by progesterone and that Elf5 and progesterone cooperate to promote alveolar development. The progesterone receptor and Elf5 are expressed in a mutually exclusive pattern, and we identify RankL as the paracrine mediator of the effects of progesterone on Elf5 expression in CD61+ progenitor cells and their consequent differentiation. Blockade of RankL action prevented progesterone-induced side branching and the expansion of Elf5+ mature luminal cells. These findings describe a mechanism by which steroid hormones can produce the expansion of steroid hormone receptor-negative mammary epithelial cells.

Lee, J, Blumenstein, M, Guan, H & Loo, Y 2013, 'Minimising uncertainty in long‐term prediction of bridge element', Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 127-142.
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PurposeSuccessful bridge management system (BMS) development requires a reliable bridge deterioration model, which is the most crucial component in a BMS. Historical condition ratings obtained from biennial bridge inspections are a major source for predicting future bridge deterioration in BMSs. However, historical condition ratings are very limited in most bridge agencies, thus posing a major barrier for predicting reliable future bridge performance. The purpose of this paper is to present a preliminary study as part of a long‐term research on the development of a reliable bridge deterioration model using advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques.Design/methodology/approachThis proposed study aims to develop a reliable deterioration model. The development work consists of two major Stages: stage 1 – generating unavailable bridge element condition rating records using the Backward Prediction Model (BPM). This helps to provide sufficient historical deterioration patterns for each element; and stage 2 – predicting long‐term condition ratings based on the outcome of Stage 1 using time delay neural networks (TDNNs).FindingsLong‐term prediction using proposed method can also be expressed in the same form of inspection records – element quantities of each bridge element can be predicted. The proposed AI‐based deterioration model does not ignore critical failure risks in small number of bridge elements in low condition states (CSs). This implies that the risk in long‐term predictions can be reduced.Originality/valueThe proposed methodology aims to utilise limited bridge inspection records over a shor...

Lee, T & Roland, J 2013, 'A strong direct product theorem for quantum query complexity', computational complexity, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 429-462.
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Lee, Y-C, Hsieh, M-H, Flammia, ST & Lee, R-K 2013, 'Local PT symmetry violates the no-signaling principle', Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 112, no. 13, p. 130404.
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Bender et al. have developed PT-symmetric quantum theory as an extension ofquantum theory to non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. We show that when this model hasa local PT symmetry acting on composite systems it violates the non-signalingprinciple of relativity. Since the case of global PT symmetry is known toreduce to standard quantum mechanics, this shows that the PT-symmetric theoryis either a trivial extension or likely false as a fundamental theory.

Lei, G, Zhu, JG, Guo, YG, Hu, JF, Xu, W & Shao, KR 2013, 'Robust Design Optimization of PM-SMC Motors for Six Sigma Quality Manufacturing', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 3953-3956.
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In our previous work, soft magnetic composite (SMC) material was employed to design cores for two kinds of permanent magnet (PM) motors, namely transverse flux machine (TFM) and claw pole motor. Compared with motors designed by traditional silicon steel

Leijdekkers, P & Gay, V 2013, 'Mobile apps for chronic disease management: lessons learned from myFitnessCompanion®', Health and Technology, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 111-118.
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Nowadays, many health and fitness applications (apps) can be downloaded from app stores, changing the way people manage their health and chronic diseases. This paper reflects on 7 years of experience in mobile health and fitness app development. It analyzes the uptake of a health and fitness app, myFitnessCompanion®, by the healthcare industry and end-users dealing with chronic disease management. The use of myFitnessCompanion® is analyzed from an end-user perspective. The app is available via Google Play since February 2011 and the research presented is based on data collected from 5500+ users over a period of 7 months. The paper also discusses how mHealth apps could be distributed in the near future, as well as, the use of Personal Health Record (PHR) systems such as Microsoft HealthVault, and the impact of regulations on the future of mHealth apps. The conclusion highlights the challenges and opportunities for app developers in the mHealth industry

Lek, HS, Morrison, VL, Conneely, M, Campbell, PA, McGloin, D, Kliche, S, Watts, C, Prescott, A & Fagerholm, SC 2013, 'The Spontaneously Adhesive Leukocyte Function-associated Antigen-1 (LFA-1) Integrin in Effector T Cells Mediates Rapid Actin- and Calmodulin-dependent Adhesion Strengthening to Ligand under Shear Flow', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 288, no. 21, pp. 14698-14708.
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Lemke, C, Riedel, S & Gabrys, B 2013, 'Evolving forecast combination structures for airline revenue management', Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 221-234.
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Forecasting is at the heart of every revenue management system, providing necessary input to capacity control, pricing and overbooking functionalities. For airlines, the key to efficient capacity control is determining the time of when to restrict bookings in a lower-fare class to leave space for later booking high-fare customers. This work presents findings of a collaboration project between Bournemouth University and Lufthansa Systems AG, a company providing revenue management software for airline carriers. The main aim is to increase net booking forecast accuracy by modifying one of its components, the cancellation forecast. Complementing an available set of three traditional individual algorithms, an additional method is presented and added to the method pool. Furthermore, diversification of model parameters and level of learning is discussed to increase the number of individual forecasts even further. Finally, the evolution of forecast combination structures is investigated and shown to be beneficial on an airline data set. © 2013 Macmillan Publishers Ltd.

Leyendekkers, JV & Shannon, AG 2013, 'On the golden ratio', Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics (Kyungshang), vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 195-201.
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The structure of the decimal expansion of the Golden Ratio is examined in decimal and modular forms through the use of various properties of the Fibonacci numbers, particularly the roots of the associated polynomial and the golden ratio. While the ratio Fn+1/Fn approaches the golden ratio it cannot have both terms even, whereas the ratio Fn+6/Fn can. The decimal string of the golden ratio is given in ratio and binomial forms and analysed with the modular ring Z4 and the sequential structure. The decimal part of the golden ratio is also related to pi.

Li, AD, Sun, ZZ, Zhou, M, Xu, XX, Ma, JY, Zheng, W, Zhou, HM, Li, L & Zheng, YF 2013, 'Electrospun Chitosan-graft-PLGA nanofibres with significantly enhanced hydrophilicity and improved mechanical property', Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 102, pp. 674-681.
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Li, B, Chen, L, Zhu, X & Zhang, C 2013, 'Noisy but non-malicious user detection in social recommender systems', World Wide Web, vol. 16, no. 5-6, pp. 677-699.
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Social recommender systems largely rely on user-contributed data to infer users' preference. While this feature has enabled many interesting applications in social networking services, it also introduces unreliability to recommenders as users are allowed to insert data freely. Although detecting malicious attacks from social spammers has been studied for years, little work was done for detecting Noisy but Non-Malicious Users (NNMUs), which refers to those genuine users who may provide some untruthful data due to their imperfect behaviors. Unlike colluded malicious attacks that can be detected by finding similarly-behaved user profiles, NNMUs are more difficult to identify since their profiles are neither similar nor correlated from one another. In this article, we study how to detect NNMUs in social recommender systems. Based on the assumption that the ratings provided by a same user on closely correlated items should have similar scores, we propose an effective method for NNMU detection by capturing and accumulating user's 'self-contradictions', i.e., the cases that a user provides very different rating scores on closely correlated items. We show that self-contradiction capturing can be formulated as a constrained quadratic optimization problem w.r.t. a set of slack variables, which can be further used to quantify the underlying noise in each test user profile. We adopt three real-world data sets to empirically test the proposed method. The experimental results show that our method (i) is effective in real-world NNMU detection scenarios, (ii) can significantly outperform other noisy-user detection methods, and (iii) can improve recommendation performance for other users after removing detected NNMUs from the recommender system. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Li, C, Liang, S, Zhang, J, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, Zheng, N & Zou, Y 2013, 'N2O reduction during municipal wastewater treatment using a two-sludge SBR system acclimatized with propionate', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, vol. 222, pp. 353-360.
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A two-sludge denitrifying phosphorus removal process (A2N-SBR), acclimatized with propionate, was proposed as an efficient method for nitrous oxide (N2O) reduction during municipal wastewater treatment. Compared with the conventional nitrification-denitrification process (AO-SBR) operated in parallel, the A2N-SBR not only significantly improved total nitrogen and soluble phosphorus removal efficiencies by around 32.3% and 23.5%, respectively, but also greatly reduced N2O generation by around 31.5%. Moreover, like the anoxic stage of AO-SBR, nearly zero N2O (merely 0.054% of the removed nitrogen) was generated during the anoxic stage of A2N-SBR. The substantial N2O reduction achieved in the proposed A2N-SBR can be reasonably explained by: (i) the use of independent nitrification reactor resulting in higher activity of nitrifying bacteria and no occurrence of heterotrophic denitrification in aerobic stage, and (ii) the use of propionate as carbon source decreasing nitrite accumulation in anoxic stage. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Li, C, Wang, T, Zheng, N, Zhang, J, Ngo, HH, Guo, W & Liang, S 2013, 'Influence of organic shock loads on the production of N2O in denitrifying phosphorus removal process', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 141, no. 1, pp. 160-166.
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In this work, the influences of short-term organic shock loads on N2O production during denitrifying phosphorus removal were investigated by changing the influent COD concentrations (100, 200, 350, and 500mg/L). After switching the COD concentrations from 200 to 350 or 500mg/L, N2O-N production amount increased from 1.62% to 7.12% or 3.29% of the TN removal, respectively, while the corresponding effluent phosphorus concentrations increased from 1.84 to 16.55 and 56.08mg/L, respectively, which were higher than the influent phosphorus concentration (4.93mg/L). Furthermore, when the COD concentration was decreased to 100mg/L, N2O-N production amount was only 1.20%. All results suggested that higher organic shock loads increased N2O production. The main reason was that higher organic shock loads increased anaerobic poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates (PHA) synthesis, which resulted in higher nitrite accumulation. The influences of higher organic shock loads on N2O production could be minimized by adopting continuous nitrate addition strategy. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Li, C, Zhang, J, Liang, S, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, Zhang, Y & Zou, Y 2013, 'Nitrous oxide generation in denitrifying phosphorus removal process: main causes and control measures', ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 5353-5360.
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Despite the many benefits of denitrifying phosphorus removal process, the significant generation of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas, remains a problem for this innovative and promising process. To better understand and more effectively control N2O generation in denitrifying phosphorus removal process, batch experiments were carried out to investigate the main causes of N2O generation, based on which the control measures were subsequently proposed. The results showed that N2O generation accounted for 0.41 % of the total nitrogen removal in denitrifying phosphorus removal process, whereas, in contrast, almost no N2O was generated in conventional denitrification process. It was further demonstrated that the weak competition of N2O reductase for electrons and the high nitrite accumulation were the two main causes for N2O generation, evidenced by N2O production and reduction rates under different conditions. Accordingly, the reduction of N2O generation was successfully achieved via two control measures: (1) the use of continuous nitrate addition reducing N2O generation by around 91.4 % and (2) the use of propionate as the carbon source reducing N2O generation by around 69.8 %. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Li, F, Luo, Z, Sun, G & Zhang, N 2013, 'An uncertain multidisciplinary design optimization method using interval convex models', Engineering Optimization, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 697-718.
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This article proposes an uncertain multi-objective multidisciplinary design optimization methodology, which employs the interval model to represent the uncertainties of uncertain-but-bounded parameters. The interval number programming method is applied to transform each uncertain objective function into two deterministic objective functions, and a satisfaction degree of intervals is used to convert both the uncertain inequality and equality constraints to deterministic inequality constraints. In doing so, an unconstrained deterministic optimization problem will be constructed in association with the penalty function method. The design will be finally formulated as a nested three-loop optimization, a class of highly challenging problems in the area of engineering design optimization.An advanced hierarchical optimization scheme is developed to solve the proposed optimization problem based on the multidisciplinary feasible strategy, which is a wellstudied method able to reduce the dimensions of multidisciplinary design optimization problems by using the design variables as independent optimization variables. In the hierarchical optimization system, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II, sequential quadratic programming method and GaussSeidel iterative approach are applied to the outer, middle and inner loops of the optimization problem, respectively. Typical numerical examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

Li, H, Jiang, Z, Wei, D & Zhang, X 2013, 'Microtexture based analysis of surface asperity flattening behavior of annealed aluminum alloy in uniaxial planar compression', Tribology International, vol. 66, pp. 282-288.
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During the uniaxial planar compression of annealed aluminum alloy, a novel approach to determine surface asperity flattening (roughness R-a) is employed by analyzing the evolution of surface microtexture. With an increase in gauged reduction, surface asperity tends to be flattened, and strain hardening increases. Lubrication can constrain the surface asperity flattening process. Development of surface asperity features shows the obvious dependency on [111] orientation. In-grain slips contribute significantly to the evolution of surface microtexture. Influence of deformation twins (brass orientation) on the evolution of microtexture is not obvious under our current experimental conditions.

Li, HJ, Jiang, ZY & Wei, DB 2013, 'Study on effect of strain rate on 3D surface asperity flattening in uniaxial planar compression by crystal plasticity finite element modelling', Wear, vol. 301, no. 1-2, pp. 11-18.
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As an important parameter of surface quality for metal manufacturing products, surface roughness is affected by the following parameters: original roughness, friction, grain size, grain orientation, stress-strain state, and work hardening. Previously, effects of friction and gauged reduction and wavelength on surface roughness have already been studied by a 2D surface asperity model in uniaxial planar compression. On the basis of previous results, a 3D surface asperity model is developed by employing rate-dependent crystal plasticity constitutive model in finite element software ABAQUS. Results from electron back scatter diffraction(EBSD) and atomic force microscope(AFM) experiments have also been input into the 3D model. Influences of strain rate and texture have been discussed in this paper. The calculated results show a good agreement with experimental results. With an increase of reduction, the surface asperity flattening under a lower strain rate tends to accelerate; grain size and roughness decrease while hardness and stress increase. Under the same reduction, surface roughness with higher strain rate 0.01 s(-1) has a larger flattening rate (lower roughness R-a) than that of surface roughness with lower strain rate 0.001 s(-1). In this study, increased strain rate has no obvious effect on texture.

Li, J & Hao, H 2013, 'Numerical study of structural progressive collapse using substructure technique', Engineering Structures, vol. 52, pp. 101-113.
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During their service life, modern structures may experience extreme loading conditions. Large loads generated from bomb explosion may have catastrophic consequences with a large number of casualties as well as great economical loss. Ever since the terrorist attack of 2001, great safety concerns have been raised for urban areas where more and more high-rise buildings have been erected and thus are more prone to suffer the potential threat. Among all the structural responses to blast loads, the catastrophic progressive collapse has attracted great attention around the world. Experimental studies on this topic are not only expensive but also are often prohibited due to safety concerns. With the advancement of computational mechanics techniques and computer power, reliable computer simulations of structural response and collapse to blast loads become possible. However, even with modern computer power, such computer simulations are still extremely time and resource consuming. In this paper, a new numerical approach that incorporates static condensation into the FE model is presented to simulate blast load induced structural response and progressive collapse. Two 6-story RC frame buildings are used as examples to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. For comparison, direct finite element modeling of the same example frame structure is also carried out. Comparing the results from both approaches, it is found that the proposed method is efficient and reliable in simulating the structural response and progressive collapse with substantially less computational effort as compared to the direct FE model simulations. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Li, J & Tao, D 2013, 'A Bayesian Hierarchical Factorization Model for Vector Fields.', IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 4510-4521.
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Factorization-based techniques explain arrays of observations using a relatively small number of factors and provide an essential arsenal for multi-dimensional data analysis. Most factorization models are, however, developed on general arrays of scalar values. For a class of practical data arising from observing spatial signals including images, it is desirable for a model to consider general observations, e.g., handling a vector field and non-exchangeable factors, e.g., handling spatial connections between the columns and the rows of the data. In this paper, a probabilistic model for factorization is proposed. We adopt Bayesian hierarchical modeling and treat the factors as latent random variables. A Markov structure is imposed on the distribution of factors to account for the spatial connections. The model is designed to represent vector arrays sampled from fields of continuous domains. Therefore, a tailored observation model is developed to represent the link between the factor product and the data. The proposed technique has been shown effective in analyzing optical flow fields computed on both synthetic images and real-life videoclips. © 2013 IEEE.

Li, J & Tao, D 2013, 'Exponential Family Factors for Bayesian Factor Analysis.', IEEE Trans. Neural Networks Learn. Syst., vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 964-976.
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Expressing data as linear functions of a small number of unknown variables is a useful approach employed by several classical data analysis methods, e.g., factor analysis, principal component analysis, or latent semantic indexing. These models represent the data using the product of two factors. In practice, one important concern is how to link the learned factors to relevant quantities in the context of the application. To this end, various specialized forms of the factors have been proposed to improve interpretability. Toward developing a unified view and clarifying the statistical significance of the specialized factors, we propose a Bayesian model family. We employ exponential family distributions to specify various types of factors, which provide a unified probabilistic formulation. A Gibbs sampling procedure is constructed as a general computation routine. We verify the model by experiments, in which the proposed model is shown to be effective in both emulating existing models and motivating new model designs for particular problem settings. © 2012 IEEE.

Li, J & Tao, D 2013, 'Simple Exponential Family PCA.', IEEE Trans. Neural Networks Learn. Syst., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 485-497.
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Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used model for dimensionality reduction. In this paper, we address the problem of determining the intrinsic dimensionality of a general type data population by selecting the number of principal components for a generalized PCA model. In particular, we propose a generalized Bayesian PCA model, which deals with general type data by employing exponential family distributions. Model selection is realized by empirical Bayesian inference of the model. We name the model as simple exponential family PCA (SePCA), since it embraces both the principal of using a simple model for data representation and the practice of using a simplified computational procedure for the inference. Our analysis shows that the empirical Bayesian inference in SePCA formally realizes an intuitive criterion for PCA model selection - a preserved principal component must sufficiently correlate to data variance that is uncorrelated to the other principal components. Experiments on synthetic and real data sets demonstrate effectiveness of SePCA and exemplify its characteristics for model selection. © 2013 IEEE.

Li, J, Bian, W, Tao, D & Zhang, C 2013, 'Learning colours from textures by sparse manifold embedding.', Signal Process., vol. 93, no. 6, pp. 1485-1495.
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The capability of inferring colours from the texture (grayscale contents) of an image is useful in many application areas, when the imaging device/environment is limited. Traditional manual or limited automatic colour assignment involves intensive human effort. In this paper, we have developed a user-friendly colourisation technique, where the algorithm learns the relation between textures and colours in a user-provided example image and applies the relation to predict the colours in the target image. The key contribution of the proposed technique is trifold. First, we have explicitly built a linear model for the texture-colour relation. Second, we have considered the global non-linear structure of the data distribution by applying the linear model locally; and the local area is determined automatically by sparsity constraints. Third, we have introduced semantic information to further improve the colourisation. Examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. Moreover, we have conducted a subjective study, where user experience supports the superiority of our method over existing techniques. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Li, J, Li, J, Wang, H, Cheng, B, He, B, Yan, F, Yang, Y, Guo, W & Ngo, HH 2013, 'ChemInform Abstract: Electrocatalytic Oxidation of n‐Propanol to Produce Propionic Acid Using an Electrocatalytic Membrane Reactor.', ChemInform, vol. 44, no. 37, pp. no-no.
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AbstractAn electrocatalytic membrane reactor assembled using a nano‐MnO2 loading microporous Ti membrane as an anode and a tubular stainless steel as a cathode is used to oxidize PrOH to produce propionic acid.

Li, J, Li, J, Wang, H, Cheng, B, He, B, Yan, F, Yang, Y, Guo, W & Ngo, HH 2013, 'Electrocatalytic oxidation of n-propanol to produce propionic acid using an electrocatalytic membrane reactor', CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 49, no. 40, pp. 4501-4503.
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An electrocatalytic membrane reactor assembled using a nano-MnO2 loading microporous Ti membrane as an anode and a tubular stainless steel as a cathode was used to oxidize n-propanol to produce propionic acid. The high efficiency and selectivity obtained is related to the synergistic effect between the reaction and separation in the reactor.

Li, J, Wang, C, Wei, W, Li, M & Liu, C 2013, 'Efficient Mining of Contrast Patterns on Large Scale Imbalanced Real-Life Data', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7818, no. 1, pp. 62-73.
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Contrast pattern mining has been studied intensively for its strong discriminative capability. However, the state-of-the-art methods rarely consider the class imbalanced problem, which has been proved to be a big challenge in mining large scale data. This paper introduces a novel pattern, i.e. converging pattern, which refers to the itemsets whose supports contrast sharply from the minority class to the majority one. A novel algorithm, ConvergMiner, which adopts T*-tree and branch bound pruning strategies to mine converging patterns efficiently, is proposed. Substantial experiments in online banking fraud detection show that the ConvergMiner greatly outperforms the existing cost-sensitive classification methods in terms of predicative accuracy. In particular, the efficiency improves with the increase of data imbalance.

Li, JJ, Gil, ES, Hayden, RS, Li, C, Roohani-Esfahani, S-I, Kaplan, DL & Zreiqat, H 2013, 'Multiple Silk Coatings on Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds: Effect on Physical and Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Osteogenic Response of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells', Biomacromolecules, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 2179-2188.
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Ceramic scaffolds such as biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) have been widely studied and used for bone regeneration, but their brittleness and low mechanical strength are major drawbacks. We report the first systematic study on the effect of silk coating in improving the mechanical and biological properties of BCP scaffolds, including (1) optimization of the silk coating process by investigating multiple coatings, and (2) in vitro evaluation of the osteogenic response of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on the coated scaffolds. Our results show that multiple silk coatings on BCP ceramic scaffolds can achieve a significant coating effect to approach the mechanical properties of native bone tissue and positively influence osteogenesis by hMSCs over an extended period. The silk coating method developed in this study represents a simple yet effective means of reinforcement that can be applied to other types of ceramic scaffolds with similar microstructure to improve osteogenic outcomes.

Li, K, Safavi-Naeini, M, Franklin, DR, Petasecca, M, Guatelli, S, Rosenfeld, AB, Hutton, BF & Lerch, MLF 2013, 'A feasibility study of PETiPIX: an ultra high resolution small animal PET scanner', JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 1-15.
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PETiPIX is an ultra high spatial resolution positron emission tomography (PET) scanner designed for imaging mice brains. Four Timepix pixellated silicon detector modules are placed in an edge-on configuration to form a scanner with a field of view (FoV) 15 mm in diameter. Each detector module consists of 256 × 256 pixels with dimensions of 55 × 55 × 300 µm3. Monte Carlo simulations using GEANT4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE) were performed to evaluate the feasibility of the PETiPIX design, including estimation of system sensitivity, angular dependence, spatial resolution (point source, hot and cold phantom studies) and evaluation of potential detector shield designs. Initial experimental work also established that scattered photons and recoil electrons could be detected using a single edge-on Timepix detector with a positron source. Simulation results estimate a spatial resolution of 0.26 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) at the centre of FoV and 0.29 mm FWHM overall spatial resolution with sensitivity of 0.01%, and indicate that a 1.5 mm thick tungsten shield parallel to the detectors will absorb the majority of non-coplanar annihilation photons, significantly reducing the rates of randoms. Results from the simulated phantom studies demonstrate that PETiPIX is a promising design for studies demanding high resolution images of mice brains.

Li, L, Xu, G, Yang, Z, Dolog, P, Zhang, Y & Kitsuregawa, M 2013, 'An efficient approach to suggesting topically related web queries using hidden topic model', World Wide Web, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 273-297.
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Keyword-based Web search is a widely used approach for locating information on the Web. However, Web users usually suffer from the difficulties of organizing and formulating appropriate input queries due to the lack of sufficient domain knowledge, which greatly affects the search performance. An effective tool to meet the information needs of a search engine user is to suggest Web queries that are topically related to their initial inquiry. Accurately computing query-to-query similarity scores is a key to improve the quality of these suggestions. Because of the short lengths of queries, traditional pseudo-relevance or implicit-relevance based approaches expand the expression of the queries for the similarity computation. They explicitly use a search engine as a complementary source and directly extract additional features (such as terms or URLs) from the top-listed or clicked search results. In this paper, we propose a novel approach by utilizing the hidden topic as an expandable feature. This has two steps. In the offline model-learning step, a hidden topic model is trained, and for each candidate query, its posterior distribution over the hidden topic space is determined to re-express the query instead of the lexical expression. In the online query suggestion step, after inferring the topic distribution for an input query in a similar way, we then calculate the similarity between candidate queries and the input query in terms of their corresponding topic distributions; and produce a suggestion list of candidate queries based on the similarity scores. Our experimental results on two real data sets show that the hidden topic based suggestion is much more efficient than the traditional term or URL based approach, and is effective in finding topically related queries for suggestion. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Li, Q, Wang, XC, Zhang, HH, Shi, HL, Hu, T & Ngo, HH 2013, 'Characteristics of nitrogen transformation and microbial community in an aerobic composting reactor under two typical temperatures', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 137, pp. 270-277.
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Batch experiments were conducted for feces composting using an aerobic composting reactor with sawdust as bulky matrix. In the 14-day composting processes at 35 ± 2 and 55 ± 2 C, compost samples were collected daily and chemical analyses and PCR-DGGE were carried out for investigating the influence of composting temperature on organic decomposition, nitrogen transformation, and microbial communities. At 55 ± 2 C, in addition to a slightly higher COD removal, nitrogen loss was greatly restrained. As organic nitrogen took about 85% of the total nitrogen originated from human feces, the suppression of ammonification process under thermophilic environment might be the main reason for less nitrogen loss at 55 ± 2 C. By PCR-DGGE analysis, the microbial community was found to undergo successions differently at 35 ± 2 and 55 ± 2 C. Certain sequences identified from the compost at 55 ± 2 C represented the microbial species which could perform nitrogen-fixation or sustain a lower pH in the compost so that gaseous ammonia emission was suppressed.

Li, Y, Jia, W, Shen, C & Hengel, AVD 2013, 'Characterness: An Indicator of Text in the Wild', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 1666-1677.
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Text in an image provides vital information for interpreting its contents,and text in a scene can aide with a variety of tasks from navigation, toobstacle avoidance, and odometry. Despite its value, however, identifyinggeneral text in images remains a challenging research problem. Motivated by theneed to consider the widely varying forms of natural text, we propose abottom-up approach to the problem which reflects the `characterness' of animage region. In this sense our approach mirrors the move from saliencydetection methods to measures of `objectness'. In order to measure thecharacterness we develop three novel cues that are tailored for characterdetection, and a Bayesian method for their integration. Because text is made upof sets of characters, we then design a Markov random field (MRF) model so asto exploit the inherent dependencies between characters. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our characterness cues aswell as the advantage of Bayesian multi-cue integration. The proposed textdetector outperforms state-of-the-art methods on a few benchmark scene textdetection datasets. We also show that our measurement of `characterness' issuperior than state-of-the-art saliency detection models when applied to thesame task.

Li, Y, Li, J & Samali, B 2013, 'On the magnetic field and temperature monitoring of a solenoid coil for a novel magnetorheological elastomer base isolator', 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS AND MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL SUSPENSIONS (ERMR2012), vol. 412, no. 1, pp. 1-7.
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Following a successful experimental validation of a magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) base isolator, this study presents one of the major concerns, the heating of the magnetic coil, in the design and development of the adaptive MRE based isolator. In this research, the MRE materials, with a total thickness of nearly 150 mm, are placed as the magnetic core of the device to best utilize the magnetic energy provided by the coil. A series of tests are undertaken to investigate the magnetic fields inside the coil with or without the MRE materials. Thermocouples are used to monitoring the surface temperature of the coil when it is applied with various currents for 10 min. It is shown that the measurement of field inside the solenoid when no MRE is placed inside agrees with the theoretical analysis. It is also shown that the temperature of the coil increase dramatically when a current is applied. Cooling of the coil may takes even longer, about 4 h, till down to the room temperature. Dropping of the magnetic field is observed when the temperature goes high. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Li, Y, Li, J, Li, W & Samali, B 2013, 'Development and characterization of a magnetorheological elastomer based adaptive seismic isolator', SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 1-12.
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One of the main shortcomings in current base isolation design/practice is lack of adaptability. As a result, a base isolation system that is effective for one type earthquake may become ineffective or may have adverse effect for other earthquakes. The vulnerability of traditional base isolation systems can be exaggerated by two types of earthquakes, i.e. near-field earthquakes and far-field earthquakes. This paper addresses the challenge facing current base isolation design/practice by proposing a new type of seismic isolator for the base isolation system, namely an adaptive seismic isolator. The novel adaptive seismic isolator utilizes magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) for its field-sensitive material property. Traditional seismic isolator design with a unique laminated structure of steel and MRE layers has been adopted in the novel MRE seismic isolator. To evaluate and characterize the behavior of the MRE seismic isolator, experimental testing was conducted on a shake table facility under harmonic cycling loading. Experimental results show that the proposed adaptive seismic isolator can successfully alter the lateral stiffness and damping force in real time up to 37% and 45% respectively. Based on the successful development of the novel adaptive seismic isolator, a discussion is also extended to the impact and potential applications of such a device in structural control applications in civil engineering. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Li, Y, Li, J, Tian, T & Li, W 2013, 'A highly adjustable magnetorheological elastomer base isolator for applications of real-time adaptive control', SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1-18.
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Inspired by its controllable and field-dependent stiffness/damping properties, there has been increasing research and development of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) for mitigation of unwanted structural or machinery vibrations using MRE isolators or absorbers. Recently, a breakthrough pilot research on the development of a highly innovative prototype adaptive MRE base isolator, with the ability for real-time adaptive control of base isolated structures against various types of earthquakes including near- or far-fault earthquakes, has been reported by the authors. As a further effort to improve the proposed MRE adaptive base isolator and to address some of the shortcomings and challenges, this paper presents systematic investigations on the development of a new highly adjustable MRE base isolator, including experimental testing and characterization of the new isolator. A soft MR elastomer has been designed, fabricated and incorporated in the laminated structure of the new MRE base isolator, which aims to obtain a highly adjustable shear modulus under a medium level of magnetic field. Comprehensive static and dynamic testing was conducted on this new adaptive MRE base isolator to examine its characteristics and evaluate its performance. The experimental results show that this new MRE base isolator can remarkably change the lateral stiffness of the isolator up to 1630% under a medium level of magnetic field. Such highly adjustable MRE base isolator makes the design and implementation of truly real-time adaptive (e.g. semi-active or smart passive) seismic isolation systems become feasible. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Li, Y-F, Tsang, IW, Kwok, JT & Zhou, Z-H 2013, 'Convex and Scalable Weakly Labeled SVMs', Journal of Machine Learning Research, vol. 2013, no. 1, pp. 14-2188.
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In this paper, we study the problem of learning from weakly labeled data,where labels of the training examples are incomplete. This includes, forexample, (i) semi-supervised learning where labels are partially known; (ii)multi-instance learning where labels are implicitly known; and (iii) clusteringwhere labels are completely unknown. Unlike supervised learning, learning withweak labels involves a difficult Mixed-Integer Programming (MIP) problem.Therefore, it can suffer from poor scalability and may also get stuck in localminimum. In this paper, we focus on SVMs and propose the WellSVM via a novellabel generation strategy. This leads to a convex relaxation of the originalMIP, which is at least as tight as existing convex Semi-Definite Programming(SDP) relaxations. Moreover, the WellSVM can be solved via a sequence of SVMsubproblems that are much more scalable than previous convex SDP relaxations.Experiments on three weakly labeled learning tasks, namely, (i) semi-supervisedlearning; (ii) multi-instance learning for locating regions of interest incontent-based information retrieval; and (iii) clustering, clearly demonstrateimproved performance, and WellSVM is also readily applicable on large datasets.

Li, Z, He, Y, Liu, Q, Zhao, L, Wong, L, Kwoh, CK, Nguyen, H & Li, J 2013, 'Structural analysis on mutation residues and interfacial water molecules for human TIM disease understanding', BMC BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 14, no. SUPPL16, pp. 1-15.
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Background: Human triosephosphate isomerase (HsTIM) deficiency is a genetic disease caused often by the pathogenic mutation E104D. This mutation, located at the side of an abnormally large cluster of water in the inter-subunit interface, reduces the thermostability of the enzyme. Why and how these water molecules are directly related to the excessive thermolability of the mutant have not been investigated in structural biology.Results: This work compares the structure of the E104D mutant with its wild type counterparts. It is found that the water topology in the dimer interface of HsTIM is atypical, having a 'wet-core-dry-rim' distribution with 16 water molecules tightly packed in a small deep region surrounded by 22 residues including GLU104. These water molecules are co-conserved with their surrounding residues in non-archaeal TIMs (dimers) but not conserved across archaeal TIMs (tetramers), indicating their importance in preserving the overall quaternary structure. As the structural permutation induced by the mutation is not significant, we hypothesize that the excessive thermolability of the E104D mutant is attributed to the easy propagation of atoms' flexibility from the surface into the core via the large cluster of water. It is indeed found that the B factor increment in the wet region is higher than other regions, and, more importantly, the B factor increment in the wet region is maintained in the deeply buried core. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that for the mutant structure at normal temperature, a clear increase of the root-mean-square deviation is observed for the wet region contacting with the large cluster of interfacial water. Such increase is not observed for other interfacial regions or the whole protein. This clearly suggests that, in the E104D mutant, the large water cluster is responsible for the subunit interface flexibility and overall thermolability, and it ultimately leads to the deficiency of this enzyme.Conclusions: O...

Li, Z, Wang, W, Wang, Y, Chen, F & Wang, Y 2013, 'Visual tracking by proto-objects', Pattern Recognition, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 2187-2201.
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Liang, Z, Zhuang, Y, Yang, Y & Xiao, J 2013, 'Retrieval-based cartoon gesture recognition and applications via semi-supervised heterogeneous classifiers learning', Pattern Recognition, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 412-423.
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Liaquat, AM, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Fattah, IMR, Hazrat, MA, Varman, M, Mofijur, M & Shahabuddin, M 2013, 'Effect of Coconut Biodiesel Blended Fuels on Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics', Procedia Engineering, vol. 56, pp. 583-590.
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Liaquat, AM, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Fazal, MA, Khan, AF, Fayaz, H & Varman, M 2013, 'Impact of palm biodiesel blend on injector deposit formation', Applied Energy, vol. 111, pp. 882-893.
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Lieber, D, Erohin, O & Deuse, J 2013, 'Wissensentdeckung im industriellen Kontext', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 108, no. 6, pp. 388-393.
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Kurzfassung Die effektive Nutzung der Ressource Wissen zur Entscheidungsunterstützung in Produktions- und Planungsprozessen ist heute für den Unternehmenserfolg von höchster Bedeutung. Moderne Informationstechnologien ermöglichen eine strukturierte digitale Speicherung großer Datenmengen, ihre effiziente Auswertung zwecks Wissensentdekkung wird jedoch selten fokussiert. Im Beitrag wird ein systematisches Vorgehen zur Wissensentdeckung im Kontext industrieller Produktion dargestellt und anhand von Anwendungsbeispielen erläutert.

Lin, Q, Zhang, Y, Zhang, W & Lin, X 2013, 'Efficient general spatial skyline computation', World Wide Web, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 247-270.
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With the emergence of location-aware mobile device technologies, communication technologies and GPS systems, the location based queries have attracted great attentions in the database literature. In many user recommendation web services, the spatial preference query is used to suggest the objects based on their spatial proximity with the facilities. In this paper, we study the problem of general spatial skyline (GSSKY) which can provide the minimal candidate set of the optimal solutions for any monotonic distance based spatial preference query. Efficient progressive algorithm called P-GSSKY is proposed to significantly reduce the number of non-promising objects in the computation. Moreover, we also propose spatial join based algorithm, called J-GSSKY, which can compute GSSKY efficiently in terms of I/O cost. The paper conducts a comprehensive performance study of the proposed techniques based on both real and synthetic data. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Listowski, A, Ngo, HH & Guo, WS 2013, 'Establishment of an economic evaluation model for urban recycled water', RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING, vol. 72, pp. 67-75.
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This study aimed at establishing an economic evaluation model to encourage continuing improvement in performance analysis and applying for any infrastructure system of urban recycled water. A thorough study towards characterization and economic performance assessment of urban water reuse scheme were carried out. An integrated evaluation technique was developed by synthesizing the quantitative and qualitative performance indicators related to the water recycled technology and urban water cycle system. Specific performance indicators and indexes were aggregated into an economic analytical modelling for effective evaluation of the water reuse scheme and technology using uniform economic performance standards. Detailed economic analyses were successfully applied to enable determination of economic lifetime of the technology and the whole water reuse scheme. This research confirmed that productivity, efficiency and reliability measurements and factors could be successfully deployed for determining the scheme performance during various life cycle stages (e.g. design development, operational and functional verification, or comparison with other reuse projects). The economic assessment model was applied to improve uniformity of analytical process and performance measure. This article demonstrates benefits associated with the application of a standardized methodology for performing economic assessment and by maintaining strong correlation between multi-parameter approach and adopted performance criteria in terms of productivity, efficiency and reliability. However, to ensure effectiveness of this assessment, the process would require systematic and perpetual inventory of the scheme performance data, consideration of variable factors such as capital and recurrent costs.

Liu, B, Ray, A & Thomas, PS 2013, 'Investigation of autoclaved cement systems with reactive MgO and Al₂O₃-SiO₂ rich fired clay brick', Advances in Cement Research, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 281-287.
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Portland cement (PC) is one of the world's most important building materials, as it is a fundamental component of concrete. However, the manufacture of PC is highly energy intensive and leads to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2). One promising control measure is the use of industrial wastes and by-products as supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) in order to minimise PC consumption, thereby producing greener cement-based products. This study investigates mechanical properties and phase development of hydrothermally treated cement–ground quartz sand blends with the incorporation of fired clay-brick (CB) waste and reactive magnesia (MgO). The addition of CB waste in autoclaved PC–quartz mortar mixes showed that the alumina–silica rich CB waste was pozzolanic when the Al2O3 accelerated formation and increased crystallinity of Al substituted 1·1 nm tobermorite, resulting in the observed strength gain. Autoclaved mortar specimens incorporating reactive MgO showed a reduction in strength with increasing MgO addition. This was a result of dilution when the relative proportion of PC available for the formation of the strength contributing hydration products including tobermorite is decreased.

Liu, B, Rong, B, Hu, R & Qian, Y 2013, 'Neighbor discovery algorithms in directional antenna based synchronous and asynchronous wireless ad hoc networks', IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 106-112.
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Liu, B, Xiao, Y, Cao, L, Hao, Z & Deng, F 2013, 'SVDD-based outlier detection on uncertain data', Knowledge and Information Systems, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 597-618.
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Outlier detection is an important problem that has been studied within diverse research areas and application domains. Most existing methods are based on the assumption that an example can be exactly categorized as either a normal class or an outlier. However, in many real-life applications, data are uncertain in nature due to various errors or partial completeness. These data uncertainty make the detection of outliers far more difficult than it is from clearly separable data. The key challenge of handling uncertain data in outlier detection is how to reduce the impact of uncertain data on the learned distinctive classifier. This paper proposes a new SVDD-based approach to detect outliers on uncertain data. The proposed approach operates in two steps. In the first step, a pseudo-training set is generated by assigning a confidence score to each input example, which indicates the likelihood of an example tending normal class. In the second step, the generated confidence score is incorporated into the support vector data description training phase to construct a global distinctive classifier for outlier detection. In this phase, the contribution of the examples with the least confidence score on the construction of the decision boundary has been reduced. The experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms state-of-art outlier detection techniques.

Liu, C, Zhu, J, Li, J, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Shi, Q, Liu, J, Zhong, L & Zhu, J 2013, 'Functional Magnetic Stimulation System and Pulsed Magnetic-Field Effect on Peripheral Nerve', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1853-1856.
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This paper studies a pulsed magnetic-field generator which provides a noncontact way for functional nerve stimulation. Each component of the device, such as charging circuit, discharging circuit, and control circuit, is described in detail. The feasibili

Liu, H, Derawi, D, Kim, J & Zhong, Y 2013, 'Robust optimal attitude control of hexarotor robotic vehicles', Nonlinear Dynamics, vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 1155-1168.
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Liu, J, Ding, GKC & Samali, B 2013, 'Building Sustainable Score (BSS)—A Hybrid Process Approach for Sustainable Building Assessment in China', Journal of Power and Energy Engineering, vol. 01, no. 05, pp. 58-62.
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Sustainable building in China has gained attention both domestically and abroad. Despite the fast increase in sustainable assessment tools developed locally or adopted from overseas, there are still criticisms about the current situation of weak implementation and lack of comprehensive consideration. The lack of consideration of economic and social as-pects or building performance on whole building life cycle all lead to departure from the true meaning of sustainable development. And lack of participation on the part of stakeholders makes it too theoretical to be carried out. This re-search aims to develop a model to address this problem. This research started with review of current sustainable as-sessment tools applied in China. As the assessment indicators have clear regional disparities, and almost no current tool considers all three pillars of environmental, economic and social in building life cycle. An industry survey was therefore designed for generation of indicators at different building stages, and personal interviews relevant to different occupa-tion in building industry were conducted to complement the questionnaire survey. After that, the model Building Sus-tainable Score (BSS) was developed based on the stakeholders participation. Finally, the model is verified by a case study.

Liu, L, Chen, X, Luo, D, Lu, Y, Xu, G & Liu, M 2013, 'HSC: A SPECTRAL CLUSTERING ALGORITHM COMBINED WITH HIERARCHICAL METHOD', Neural Network World, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 499-521.
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Most of the traditional clustering algorithms are poor for clustering more complex structures other than the convex spherical sample space. In the past few years, several spectral clustering algorithms were proposed to cluster arbitrarily shaped data in various real applications. However, spectral clustering relies on the dataset where each cluster is approximately well separated to a certain extent. In the case that the cluster has an obvious inflection point within a non-convex space, the spectral clustering algorithm would mistakenly recognize one cluster to be different clusters. In this paper, we propose a novel spectral clustering algorithm called HSC combined with hierarchical method, which obviates the disadvantage of the spectral clustering by not using the misleading information of the noisy neighboring data points. The simple clustering procedure is applied to eliminate the misleading information, and thus the HSC algorithm could cluster both convex shaped data and arbitrarily shaped data more efficiently and accurately. The experiments on both synthetic data sets and real data sets show that HSC outperforms other popular clustering algorithms. Furthermore, we observed that HSC can also be used for the estimation of the number of clusters

Liu, Q, Kwoh, CK & Li, J 2013, 'Binding Affinity Prediction for Protein–Ligand Complexes Based on β Contacts and B Factor', Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 3076-3085.
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Accurate determination of proteinligand binding affinity is a fundamental problem in biochemistry useful for many applications including drug design and proteinligand docking. A number of scoring functions have been proposed for the prediction of proteinligand binding affinity. However, accurate prediction is still a challenging problem because poor performance is often seen in the evaluation under the leave-one-cluster-out cross-validation (LCOCV). We introduce a new scoring function named B2BScore to improve the prediction performance. B2BScore integrates two physicochemical properties for proteinligand binding affinity prediction. One is the property of ß contacts. A ß contact between two atoms requires no other atoms to interrupt the atomic contact and assumes that the two atoms should have enough direct contact area. The other is the property of B factor to capture the atomic mobility in the dynamic proteinligand binding process.

Liu, RP, Hedley, M & Yang, X 2013, 'WLAN Location Service with TXOP', IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 589-598.
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The provision of location-based services with high positional accuracy requires the use of Time of Arrival (TOA)-based techniques. However, existing TOA-based WLAN location service schemes are inefficient due to the individual query and response ranging method employed. We present a highly efficient WLAN location service architecture which includes a modification to the Transmit Opportunity (TXOP) technique in the IEEE 802.11e standard. Our Location Service with TXOP (LSOP) scheme achieves high efficiency by minimizing the number of TOA transmissions and eliminating the contention overhead for TOA messages. The adaptation of TXOP technique also improves location accuracy by protecting TOA messages from collision and by grouping the TOA messages into one compact burst. Our analysis shows that the LSOP scheme achieves the highest location update rate compared to previous schemes. Our simulation results show that the LSOP scheme has minimum impact on data traffic and achieves higher accuracy than the previous schemes. Experimental results demonstrate the degradation in localization performance caused by packet collisions. These results validate that our LSOP scheme, which implements contention-free broadcast of TOA messages with a modified TXOP, provides the best combination of high location update rate, low network load, and high location accuracy compared to other schemes. © 1968-2012 IEEE.

Liu, RP, Sutton, GJ & Collings, IB 2013, 'Errata to the paper 'A New Queueing Model for QoS Analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF with Finite Buffer and Load' [Aug 10 2664-2675]', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 5374-5374.
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Liu, Z, Yang, L, Dai, N, Chu, Y, Chen, Q & Li, J 2013, 'Intense ultra-broadband down-conversion in co-doped oxide glass by multipolar interaction process', Optics Express, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 12635-12635.
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Loganathan, P, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2013, 'Enhanced removal of nitrate from water using surface modification of adsorbents - A review', JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, vol. 131, no. 1, pp. 363-374.
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Elevated concentration of nitrate results in eutrophication of natural water bodies affecting the aquatic environment and reduces the quality of drinking water. This in turn causes harm to people's health, especially that of infants and livestock. Adsorbents with the high capacity to selectively adsorb nitrate are required to effectively remove nitrate from water. Surface modifications of adsorbents have been reported to enhance their adsorption of nitrate. The major techniques of surface modification are: protonation, impregnation of metals and metal oxides, grafting of amine groups, organic compounds including surfactant coating of aluminosilicate minerals, and heat treatment. This paper reviews current information on these techniques, compares the enhanced nitrate adsorption capacities achieved by the modifications, and the mechanisms of adsorption, and presents advantages and drawbacks of the techniques. Most studies on this subject have been conducted in batch experiments. These studies need to include continuous mode column trials which have more relevance to real operating systems and pilot-plant trials. Reusability of adsorbents is important for economic reasons and practical treatment applications. However, only limited information is available on the regeneration of surface modified adsorbents, © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Loganathan, P, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2013, 'Road-Deposited Sediment Pollutants: A Critical Review of their Characteristics, Source Apportionment, and Management', CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 43, no. 13, pp. 1315-1348.
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Road-deposited sediments (RDS) often contain elevated concentrations of inorganic and organic pollutants such as heavy metals, metalloids, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The authors trace new developments and trends on RDS pollutant characteristics with respect to their distribution in time and space, total and labile fractions in the different particle size and density fractions, source apportionment, and chemical speciation, as well as on the management of the pollutants. Recent research provides more reliable information to understand pollutants origin, bioavailability, transport pathways, and methods to minimize their risks. Use of special chemical, physical, mineralogical, and statistical methods has contributed to a better understanding of source apportionment of many of the pollutants but more research is needed on others. The degree of accumulation of pollutants in RDS that are derived from roads and vehicles has been quantified by using enrichment factors. Many of the studies on RDS pollutant management dealt with reducing pollutants by road sweeping and water flushing but these have not been found to be very effective. Pollutants that enter the water bodies through stormwater runoff need to be removed to protect the aquatic environment in the receiving water. The current knowledge on stormwater treatment methods to remove pollutants is also presented. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Loganathan, P, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Naidu, R 2013, 'Defluoridation of drinking water using adsorption processes', JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, vol. 248, no. 1, pp. 1-19.
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Excessive intake of fluoride (F), mainly through drinking water, is a serious health hazard affecting humans worldwide. There are several methods used for the defluoridation of drinking water, of which adsorption processes are generally considered attractive because of their effectiveness, convenience, ease of operation, simplicity of design, and for economic and environmental reasons. In this paper, we present a comprehensive and a critical literature review on various adsorbents used for defluoridation, their relative effectiveness, mechanisms and thermodynamics of adsorption, and suggestions are made on choice of adsorbents for various circumstances. Effects of pH, temperature, kinetics and co-existing anions on F adsorption are also reviewed. Because the adsorption is very weak in extremely low or high pHs, depending on the adsorbent, acids or alkalis are used to desorb F and regenerate the adsorbents. However, adsorption capacity generally decreases with repeated use of the regenerated adsorbent. Future research needs to explore highly efficient, low cost adsorbents that can be easily regenerated for reuse over several cycles of operations without significant loss of adsorptive capacity and which have good hydraulic conductivity to prevent filter clogging during the fixed-bed treatment process. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Long, Z & Li, S 2013, 'A complete classification of spatial relations using the Voronoi-based nine-intersection model', International Journal of Geographical Information Science, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 2006-2025.
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In this article we show that the Voronoi-based nine-intersection (V9I) model proposed by Chen et al. (2001, A Voronoi-based 9-intersection model for spatial relations. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 15 (3), 201-220) is more expressive than what has been believed before. Given any two spatial entities A and B, the V9I relation between A and B is represented as a 3 × 3 Boolean matrix. For each pair of types of spatial entities that is, points, lines, and regions, we first show that most Boolean matrices do not represent a V9I relation by using topological constraints and the definition of Voronoi regions. Then, we provide illustrations for all the remaining matrices. This guarantees that our method is sound and complete. In particular, we show that there are 18 V9I relations between two areas with connected interior, while there are only nine four-intersection relations. Our investigations also show that, unlike many other spatial relation models, V9I relations are context or shape sensitive. That is, the existence of other entities or the shape of the entities may affect the validity of certain relations. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.

López-Mariscal, C & McGloin, D 2013, 'Introduction: Optical trapping and applications feature issue', Biomedical Optics Express, vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 2710-2710.
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Lu, DD-C & Ki, S-K 2013, 'Light-Load Efficiency Improvement in Buck-Derived Single-Stage Single-Switch PFC Converters', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 2105-2110.
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Lu, HN, Wei, DB, Jiang, ZY, Liu, XH & Manabe, K 2013, 'Modelling of size effects in microforming process with consideration of grained heterogeneity', Computational Materials Science, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 44-52.
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Size effect is a special phenomenon in metal micro-forming process. As the deformation process is scale down to micro/mesoscale, the characteristics of single grain involved in the deformed region play a significant role on the material mechanical behaviours resulting in the invalidation of classical theories in microforming. This paper presents a newly developed material model in microscale on the basis of the grained heterogeneity (e.g. grain size, shape and deformability) and specimen dimension. Voronoi tessellation has been employed to describe the polycrystalline aggregate. The grain shape is controlled by the centroidal-voronoi algorithm to drive grains into steady state. Hardness of the grains obtained from Nano-indentation is used to identify the scatter of the grained deformability. Applying the new material model, the micro-compression test of pure copper is numerically simulated by finite element method (FEM). The influences of grain size and feature size on the deformation behaviours are discussed. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results in terms of the flow stress curves and profile of deformed parts. Based on the novel material model, a FE model of microcross wedge rolling is established and the obtained results show the strain of specimen core region increases with the magnification of grain size.

Lu, J, Niu, L & Zhang, G 2013, 'A Situation Retrieval Model for Cognitive Decision Support in Digital Business Ecosystems', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 1059-1069.
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This paper presents a novel situation retrieval (SR) model for supporting cognition-driven decision processes in digital business ecosystems. Cognitive decision support in digital ecosystems is concerned with decision makers' cognitive processes. This study aims to facilitate cognitive decision support to decision makers on the basis of current business intelligence (BI) platform. Underlying foundations of the SR model are two types of mental constructs: situation awareness (SA) and mental models of decision makers and the model of naturalistic decision making (NDM). These mental constructs and NDM are integrated into the BI application framework. Our experiments showed that the SR model was playing a nontrivial role to help decision makers develop enhanced SA and reuse their past experience to make better decisions. © 2012 IEEE.

Lu, J, Shambour, Q, Xu, Y, Lin, Q & Zhang, G 2013, 'A WEB-BASED PERSONALIZED BUSINESS PARTNER RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM USING FUZZY SEMANTIC TECHNIQUES', COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 37-69.
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The web provides excellent opportunities to businesses in various aspects of development such as finding a business partner online. However, with the rapid growth of web information, business users struggle with information overload and increasingly find it difficult to locate the right information at the right time. Meanwhile, small and medium businesses (SMBs), in particular, are seeking 'one-to-one' e-services from government in current highly competitive markets. How can business users be provided with information and services specific to their needs, rather than an undifferentiated mass of information? An effective solution proposed in this study is the development of personalized e-services. Recommender systems is an effective approach for the implementation of Personalized E-Service which has gained wide exposure in e-commerce in recent years. Accordingly, this paper first presents a hybrid fuzzy semantic recommendation (HFSR) approach which combines item-based fuzzy semantic similarity and item-based fuzzy collaborative filtering (CF) similarity techniques. This paper then presents the implementation of the proposed approach into an intelligent recommendation system prototype called Smart BizSeeker, which can recommend relevant business partners to individual business users, particularly for SMBs. Experimental results show that the HFSR approach can help overcome the semantic limitations of classical CF-based recommendation approaches, namely sparsity and new 'cold start' item problems. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lu, S, Zhang, J, Wang, Z & Feng, DD 2013, 'Fast human action classification and VOI localization with enhanced sparse coding', Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 127-136.
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Sparse coding which encodes the natural visual signal into a sparse space for visual codebook generation and feature quantization, has been successfully utilized for many image classification applications. However, it has been seldom explored for many video analysis tasks. In particular, the increased complexity in characterizing the visual patterns of diverse human actions with both the spatial and temporal variations imposes more challenges to the conventional sparse coding scheme. In this paper, we propose an enhanced sparse coding scheme through learning discriminative dictionary and optimizing the local pooling strategy. Localizing when and where a specific action happens in realistic videos is another challenging task. By utilizing the sparse coding based representations of human actions, this paper further presents a novel coarse-to-fine framework to localize the Volumes of Interest (VOIs) for the actions. Firstly, local visual features are transformed into the sparse signal domain through our enhanced sparse coding scheme. Secondly, in order to avoid exhaustive scan of entire videos for the VOI localization, we extend the Spatial Pyramid Matching into temporal domain, namely Spatial Temporal Pyramid Matching, to obtain the VOI candidates. Finally, a multi-level branch-and-bound approach is developed to refine the VOI candidates. The proposed framework is also able to avoid prohibitive computations in local similarity matching (e.g., nearest neighbors voting). Experimental results on both two popular benchmark datasets (KTH and YouTube UCF) and the widely used localization dataset (MSR) demonstrate that our approach reduces computational cost significantly while maintaining comparable classification accuracy to that of the state-of-the-art methods. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lu, Y, Li, J, Ye, L & Wang, D 2013, 'Guided waves for damage detection in rebar-reinforced concrete beams', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 370-378.
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The propagation properties of ultrasonic waves in rebar-reinforced concrete beams were investigated for the purpose of damage detection. Two types of piezoelectric (PZT) elements were used in experiments in which PZT disks were attached on the surfaces of concrete beams to observe wave propagation in concrete before and after a four-point bending test, while rectangular PZT patches were attached at the exposed ends of the rebar to monitor wave transmission along the rebar with and without simulated corrosion in the form of partial material removal from the rebar. Experimental testing demonstrated that the surface-attached PZT disks were capable of detecting the change in material properties due to the existence of cracking. In consideration of the inevitable discrepancies in different concrete beams due to specimen preparation and sensor installation, principal component analysis based on statistical parameters extracted from wave signals was applied to highlight the difference between benchmark and damaged rebar. The results show the potential of the principal components as damage indices for quantifying integrity conditions of concrete structures.

Lunghi, T, Kaniewski, J, Bussieres, F, Houlmann, R, Tomamichel, M, Kent, A, Gisin, N, Wehner, S & Zbinden, H 2013, 'Experimental bit commitment based on quantum communication and special relativity', Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 111, no. 18, p. 180504.
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Bit commitment is a fundamental cryptographic primitive in which Bob wishesto commit a secret bit to Alice. Perfectly secure bit commitment has beenproven impossible through asynchronous exchange of classical and quantuminformation. Perfect security is however possible by restraining the exchangeof classical and quantum information to suitably chosen relativisticconstraints. This requires Alice (and Bob) to split into two remote agentsperforming space-like separated classical communication, and in one agentexchanging quantum bits with the other party. The duration of the commitment isgiven by the distance between the two remote agents. The original protocolrequires the quantum communication to happen at a precise location and timewith respect to the classical communication. We show how the protocol can bemodified to relax this constraint such that the quantum part of the protocolcan be performed at any time before the actual commitment, making it much morepractical. Finally, we present an experimental demonstration of this protocolrealized with a commercial quantum key distribution system and withsynchronized classical agents located in Geneva and Singapore, yielding acommitment time of 15 ms. Our work includes a complete security analysis,accounting for experimental imperfections (multi-photon emission, transmissionloss, detector inefficiency and dark counts) and finite statistics.

Luo, Q & Tong, L 2013, 'Adaptive pressure-controlled cellular structures for shape morphing I: design and analysis', Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 055014-055014.
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Luo, Q & Tong, L 2013, 'Adaptive pressure-controlled cellular structures for shape morphing: II. Numerical and experimental validation', Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 055015-055015.
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Luo, T, Qin, Z, Feng, X, Xia, F, Yao, Y & Sheng, D 2013, 'A symmetrisation method for non-associated unified hardening model', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 52, pp. 38-45.
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Luo, Z, Hu, Z, Song, Y, Xu, Z & Lu, H 2013, 'Optimal Coordination of Plug-In Electric Vehicles in Power Grids With Cost-Benefit Analysis—Part I: Enabling Techniques', IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 3546-3555.
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Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) appear to offer a promising option for mitigating greenhouse emission. However, uncoordinated PEV charging can weaken the reliability of power systems. The proper accommodation of PEVs in a power grid imposes many challenges on system planning and operations. This work aims to investigate optimal PEV coordination strategies with cost-benefit analysis. In Part I, we first present a new method to calculate the charging load of PEVs with a modified Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method for handling the stochastic property of PEVs. We then propose a new two-stage optimization model to discover the optimal charging states of PEVs in a given day. Using this model, the peak load with charging load of PEVs is minimized in the first stage and the load fluctuation is minimized in the second-stage with peak load being fixed as the value obtained in the first stage. An algorithm based on linear mixed-integer programming is provided as a suitable solution method with fast computation. Finally, we present a new method to calculate the benefit and cost for a PEV charging and discharging coordination strategy from a social welfare approach. These methods are useful for developing PEV coordination strategies in power system planning and supporting PEV-related policy making.

Luo, Z, Hu, Z, Song, Y, Xu, Z & Lu, H 2013, 'Optimal Coordination of Plug-in Electric Vehicles in Power Grids With Cost-Benefit Analysis—Part II: A Case Study in China', IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 3556-3565.
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Continuing with a set of enabling techniques for the optimal coordination of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in Part I, we present a case study in this paper using techniques based on the data collected in the BeijingTianjinTangshan Region (BTTR) China to discover optimal PEV coordination strategies and assess the attractiveness of these strategies. In Part II, we first present the charging characteristics for different categories of PEVs in BTTR and predict the optimal seasonal daily loads with PEVs under different PEV penetration levels using a two-stage optimization model in both 2020 and 2030. The simulation results indicate that optimal PEV coordination effectively reduces the peak load and smooths the load curve. Finally, we present a cost-benefit analysis of optimal coordination strategies by taking a social welfare approach. The analysis shows that the optimal coordination strategies are beneficial in terms of the reduction in capital investment in power grid expansion and that the attractiveness of a coordination strategy is related to the coordination level. The results also show that the fully coordinated charging and vehicle to grid are not the most attractive strategies. This case study is useful for better understanding the costs and benefits of PEV coordination strategies and for supporting PEV-related decision and policy making from a power system planning perspective.

Luo, Z, Zhang, N, Wang, Y & Gao, W 2013, 'Topology optimization of structures using meshless density variable approximants', International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol. 93, no. 4, pp. 443-464.
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SUMMARYThis paper proposes a new structural topology optimization method using a dual‐level point‐wise density approximant and the meshless Galerkin weak‐forms, totally based on a set of arbitrarily scattered field nodes to discretize the design domain. The moving least squares (MLS) method is used to construct shape functions with compactly supported weight functions, to achieve meshless approximations of system state equations. The MLS shape function with the zero‐order consistency will degenerate to the well‐known ‘Shepard function’, while the MLS shape function with the first‐order consistency refers to the widely studied ‘MLS shape function’. The Shepard function is then applied to construct a physically meaningful dual‐level density approximant, because of its non‐negative and range‐restricted properties. First, in terms of the original set of nodal density variables, this study develops a nonlocal nodal density approximant with enhanced smoothness by incorporating the Shepard function into the problem formulation. The density at any node can be evaluated according to the density variables located inside the influence domain of the current node. Second, in the numerical implementation, we present a point‐wise density interpolant via the Shepard function method. The density of any computational point is determined by the surrounding nodal densities within the influence domain of the concerned point. According to a set of generic design variables scattered at field nodes, an alternative solid isotropic material with penalization model is thus established through the proposed dual‐level density approximant. The Lagrangian multiplier method is included to enforce the essential boundary conditions because of the lack of the Kronecker delta function property of MLS meshless shape functions. Two benchmark numerical examples are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, in particular its applicabili...

Ma, S, Wang, S, Iacopi, F & Huang, H 2013, 'A resonant method for determining the residual stress and elastic modulus of a thin film', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 031603-031603.
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By measuring the resonant frequencies of the first two symmetric vibration modes of a circular thin-film diaphragm and solving the Rayleigh-Ritz equation analytically, the residual stress and elastic modulus of the film were determined simultaneously. The results obtained employing this method are in excellent agreement with those obtained numerically in finite element modelling when tested using freestanding circular SiC diaphragms with residual tensile stress. The stress and modulus values are also in reasonably good agreement with those obtained from nanoindentation and wafer curvature measurements, respectively.

Ma, XY, Wang, XC, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, Wu, MN & Wang, N 2013, 'Reverse osmosis pretreatment method for toxicity assessment of domestic wastewater using Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67', ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, vol. 97, no. 1, pp. 248-254.
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Luminescent bacterial test is a fast and sensitive method for acute toxicity assessment of water and wastewater. In this study, an improved toxicity testing method was developed using the freshwater luminescent bacteria Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 that involved pretreatment of water samples with reverse osmosis (RO) to eliminate the interferences caused by nutrients in concentrated samples and to improve the reliability and sensitivity of the analysis. Because water samples contain low concentrations of several target toxic substances, rapid acute toxicity testing method that is commonly employed does not achieve enough sensitivity. The proposed RO pretreatment could effectively enrich organic and inorganic substances in water samples to enable a more effective and sensitive toxicity evaluation. The kinetic characteristics of toxicity of raw sewage and secondary effluent were evaluated based on the relative luminescence unit (RLU) curves and timeconcentration-effect surfaces. It was observed that when the exposure time was prolonged to 8-h or longer, the bacteria reached the logarithmic growth stage. Hence, the stimulating effects of the coexisting ions (such as Na+, K+, NO3-) in the concentrated samples could be well eliminated. A 10-h exposure time in proposed Q67 test was found to quantitatively evaluate the toxicity of the organic and inorganic pollutants in the RO-concentrated samples.

Ma, Z, Yang, Y, Sebe, N, Zheng, K & Hauptmann, AG 2013, 'Multimedia Event Detection Using A Classifier-Specific Intermediate Representation', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 1628-1637.
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Mahler, DH, Rozema, LA, Darabi, A, Ferrie, C, Blume-Kohout, R & Steinberg, AM 2013, 'Adaptive Quantum State Tomography Improves Accuracy Quadratically', Physical Review Letters, vol. 111, no. 18.
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Mahlia, TMI, Tohno, S & Tezuka, T 2013, 'International experience on incentive program in support of fuel economy standards and labelling for motor vehicle: A comprehensive review', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 25, pp. 18-33.
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Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 2013, 'Effects of large dynamic loads on power system stability', International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 357-363.
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Mahmud, MA, Pota, HR & Hossain, MJ 2013, 'Nonlinear DSTATCOM controller design for distribution network with distributed generation to enhance voltage stability', International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 53, pp. 974-979.
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Mainali, B, Pham, TTN, Ngo, HH & Guo, W 2013, 'Maximum allowable values of the heavy metals in recycled water for household laundry', SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, vol. 452, no. 1, pp. 427-432.
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Household laundry as a new end use of recycled water in dual reticulation systems has a great potential as the significant amount of potable water from urban households can be saved. However, there is still no sufficient evidence and supporting recycled water quality guidelines for this particular use. A key gap in knowledge is the impact of heavy metals in recycled water on clothes and washing machines. Thus, this study aims to determine the maximum allowable values (MAVs) of the heavy metals iron (Fe), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) in recycled water for washing clothes in washing machines. Six different concentrations of each targeted metals were prepared in tap water for the washing machine experiments. The tearing/tensile strength tests were used for the assessment of cloth durability. MINITAB 16 as a statistical tool was used and ANOVA one way test was applied for the significance analysis (Turkey's test p. <. 0.05). The results show that the MAVs of the heavy metals Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu and Mn were found to be 1. mg/l, 1. mg/l, 10. mg/l, 5. mg/l and 1. mg/l respectively in terms of cloth durability. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Mainali, B, Pham, TTN, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, Miechel, C, O'Halloran, K, Muthukaruppan, M & Listowski, A 2013, 'Vision and perception of community on the use of recycled water for household laundry: A case study in Australia', SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, vol. 463, no. 1, pp. 657-666.
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This study investigates the community perception of household laundry as a new end use of recycled water in three different locations of Australia through a face to face questionnaire survey (n=478). The study areas were selected based on three categories of (1) non-user, (2) perspective user and (3) current user of recycled water. The survey results indicate that significantly higher number (70%) of the respondents supported the use of recycled water for washing machines (χ2=527.40, df=3; p=0.000). Significant positive correlation between the overall support for the new end use and the willingness of the respondents to use recycled water for washing machine was observed among all users groups (r=0.43, p=0.000). However, they had major concerns regarding the effects of recycled water on the aesthetic appearance of cloth, cloth durability, machine durability, odour of the recycled water and cost along with the health issues. The perspective user group had comparatively more reservations and concerns about the effects of recycled water on washing machines than the non-users and the current users (χ2=52.73, df=6; p=0.000). Overall, community from all three study areas are willing to welcome this new end use as long as all their major concerns are addressed and safety is assured. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Manap, MA, Sulaiman, WNA, Ramli, MF, Pradhan, B & Surip, N 2013, 'A knowledge-driven GIS modeling technique for groundwater potential mapping at the Upper Langat Basin, Malaysia', Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 1621-1637.
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Mao, Q & Tsang, IW-H 2013, 'A Feature Selection Method for Multivariate Performance Measures', IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 2051-2063.
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Feature selection with specific multivariate performance measures is the key to the success of many applications such as image retrieval and text classification. The existing feature selection methods are usually designed for classification error. In this paper, we propose a generalized sparse regularizer. Based on the proposed regularizer, we present a unified feature selection framework for general loss functions. In particular, we study the novel feature selection paradigm by optimizing multivariate performance measures. The resultant formulation is a challenging problem for high-dimensional data. Hence, a two-layer cutting plane algorithm is proposed to solve this problem, and the convergence is presented. In addition, we adapt the proposed method to optimize multivariate measures for multiple-instance learning problems. The analyses by comparing with the state-of-the-art feature selection methods show that the proposed method is superior to others. Extensive experiments on large-scale and high-dimensional real-world datasets show that the proposed method outperforms ( -1)-SVM and SVM-RFE when choosing a small subset of features, and achieves significantly improved performances over ({\rm SVM}^{perf}) in terms of (F-1)-score. © 1979-2012 IEEE.

Marcias, G, Pietroni, N, Panozzo, D, Puppo, E & Sorkine-Hornung, O 2013, 'Animation-Aware Quadrangulation.', Comput. Graph. Forum, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 167-175.
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Geometric meshes that model animated characters must be designed while taking into account the deformations that the shape will undergo during animation. We analyze an input sequence of meshes with point-to-point correspondence, and we automatically produce a quadrangular mesh that fits well the input animation. We first analyze the local deformation that the surface undergoes at each point, and we initialize a cross field that remains as aligned as possible to the principal directions of deformation throughout the sequence. We then smooth this cross field based on an energy that uses a weighted combination of the initial field and the local amount of stretch. Finally, we compute a field-aligned quadrangulation with an off-the-shelf method. Our technique is fast and very simple to implement, and it significantly improves the quality of the output quad mesh and its suitability for character animation, compared to creating the quad mesh based on a single pose. We present experimental results and comparisons with a state-of-the-art quadrangulation method, on both sequences from 3D scanning and synthetic sequences obtained by a rough animation of a triangulated model. © 2013 The Author(s) Computer Graphics Forum © 2013 The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Marshall, P, Antle, A, Van Den Hoven, E & Rogers, Y 2013, 'Introduction to the Special Issue on the Theory and Practice of Embodied Interaction in HCI and Interaction Design', ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-HUMAN INTERACTION, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1-3.
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Theories of embodiment focus on how practical engagement and the structure of the body shape perception, experience, and cognition. They typically reject a view of human cognition as grounded in abstract information processing. The concept of embodied in

Masihpour, M, Franklin, DR & Abolhasan, M 2013, 'Multihop Relay Techniques for Communication Range Extension in Near-Field Magnetic Induction Communication Systems.', J. Networks, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 999-1011.
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In this paper, multihop relaying in RF-based communications and near field magnetic induction communication (NFMIC) is discussed. Three multihop relay strategies for NFMIC are proposed: Non Line of Sight Magnetic Induction Relay (NLoS-MI Relay), Non Line of Sight Master/Assistant Magnetic Induction Relay1 (NLoS-MAMI Relay1) and Non Line of Sight Master/Assistant Magnetic Induction Relay2 (NLoSMAMI Relay2). In the first approach only one node contributes to the communication, while in the other two techniques (which are based on a master-assistant strategy), two relaying nodes are employed. This paper shows that these three techniques can be used to overcome the problem of dead spots within a body area network and extend the communication range without increasing the transmission power and the antenna size or decreasing receiver sensitivity. The impact of the separation distance between the nodes on the achievable RSS and channel data rate is evaluated for the three techniques. It is demonstrated that the technique which is most effective depends on the specific network topology. Optimum selection of nodes as relay master and assistant based on the location of the nodes is discussed. The paper also studies the impact of the quality factor on achievable data rate. It is shown that to obtain the highest data rate, the optimum quality factor needs to be determined for each proposed cooperative communication method.

Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Mofijur, M & Shahabuddin, M 2013, 'Biofuel: Policy, Standardization and Recommendation for Sustainable Future Energy Supply', Energy Procedia, vol. 42, pp. 577-586.
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Masum, BM, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Rizwanul Fattah, IM, Palash, SM & Abedin, MJ 2013, 'Effect of ethanol–gasoline blend on NOx emission in SI engine', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 24, pp. 209-222.
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Mat, RC, Shariff, ARM, Pradhan, B, Mahmud, AR & Rahim, MSM 2013, 'An effective visualization and comparison of online terrain draped with multi-sensor satellite images', Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 4881-4889.
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Mathiesen, P, Bandara, W, Marjanovic, O & Delavari, H 2013, 'A Critical Analysis of Business Process Management Education and Alignment with Industry Demand: An Australian Perspective.', Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst., vol. 33, pp. 27-27.

McDonald, C, McPherson, M, McDougall, C & McGloin, D 2013, 'HoloHands: games console interface for controlling holographic optical manipulation', Journal of Optics, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 035708-035708.
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McGregor, C 2013, 'Big Data in Neonatal Intensive Care', Computer, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 54-59.
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McGregor, C, Catley, C, Padbury, J & James, A 2013, 'Late onset neonatal sepsis detection in newborn infants via multiple physiological streams', Journal of Critical Care, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. e11-e12.
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McGregor, C, Steadman, A, Percival, J & James, A 2013, 'Modelling health informatics capacity for neonatal intensive care patient journeys supported by interprofessional teams', International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 301-301.
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Neonatal intensive care is a highly complex area of healthcare requiring coordinated care between multiple healthcare professionals; as a result, information flow within the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) can be very complex and impact quality of care. This paper presents initial research findings based on the use of the patient journey modelling technique known as PaJMa to audit the current state of health informatics within NICUs in Canada. In this paper, a case study including three Ontario NICUs is utilised and their 'Investigations' processes are modelled using PaJMa. Copyright © 2013 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Mehrali, M, Latibari, ST, Mehrali, M, Indra Mahlia, TM & Cornelis Metselaar, HS 2013, 'Preparation and properties of highly conductive palmitic acid/graphene oxide composites as thermal energy storage materials', Energy, vol. 58, pp. 628-634.
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Mehrali, M, Latibari, ST, Mehrali, M, Indra Mahlia, TM, Cornelis Metselaar, HS, Naghavi, MS, Sadeghinezhad, E & Akhiani, AR 2013, 'Preparation and characterization of palmitic acid/graphene nanoplatelets composite with remarkable thermal conductivity as a novel shape-stabilized phase change material', Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 633-640.
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Meng, HD, Wu, PF, Song, YC & Xu, GD 2013, 'Research of Clustering Algorithm Based on Different Data Field Model', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 760-762, pp. 1925-1929.
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Data field clustering algorithm possesses dynamic characteristics compared with other clustering algorithms. By changing the parameters of the data field model, the results can be dynamically adjusted to meet the target of feature extraction and knowledge discovery in different scales, but the selection and construction of data field model can give rise to different clustering results. This paper presents the different effectiveness of clustering based on various of data field models and its parameters, provides with the scheme to chose the best data field model fitting to the characteristics of the data radiation, and verifies that the best clustering effectiveness can be achieved with the value of radial energy in the golden section.

Merigo, JM 2013, 'The probabilistic weighted averaging distance and its application in group decision making', Kybernetes, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 686-697.
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Merigó, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2013, 'A Method for Decision Making Based on Generalized Aggregation Operators', International Journal of Intelligent Systems, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 453-473.
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Merigó, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2013, 'Induced 2-tuple linguistic generalized aggregation operators and their application in decision-making', Information Sciences, vol. 236, pp. 1-16.
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MERIGÓ, JM & YAGER, RR 2013, 'GENERALIZED MOVING AVERAGES, DISTANCE MEASURES AND OWA OPERATORS', International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 21, no. 04, pp. 533-559.
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The concept of moving average is studied. We analyze several extensions by using generalized aggregation operators, obtaining the generalized moving average. The main advantage is that it provides a general framework that includes a wide range of specific cases including the geometric and the quadratic moving average. This analysis is extended by using the generalized ordered weighted averaging (GOWA) and the induced GOWA (IGOWA) operator. Thus, we get the generalized ordered weighted moving average (GOWMA) and the induced GOWMA (IGOWMA) operator. Some of their main properties are studied. We further extend this approach by using distance measures suggesting the concept of distance moving average and generalized distance moving average. We also consider the case with the OWA and the IOWA operator, obtaining the generalized ordered weighted moving averaging distance (GOWMAD) and the induced GOWMAD (IGOWMAD) operator. The paper ends with an application in multi-period decision making.

Merigó, JM & Yager, RR 2013, 'Norm Aggregations and OWA Operators', AGGREGATION FUNCTIONS IN THEORY AND IN PRACTISE, vol. 228, pp. 141-151.
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Merigó, JM, Gil-Lafuente, AM & Xu, Y 2013, 'Decision making with induced aggregation operators and the adequacy coefficient', Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 185-202.
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We present a method for decision making by using induced aggregation operators. This method is very useful for business decision making problems such as product management, investment selection and strategic management. We introduce a new aggregation operator that uses the induced ordered weighted averaging (IOWA) operator and the weighted average in the adequacy coefficient. We call it the induced ordered weighted averaging weighted averaging adequacy coefficient (IOWAWAAC) operator. The main advantage is that it is able to deal with complex attitudinal characters in the aggregation process. Thus, we are able to give a better representation of the problem considering the complex environment that affects the decisions. Moreover, it is able to provide a unified framework between the OWA and the weighted average. We generalize it by using generalized aggregation operators, obtaining the induced generalized OWAWAAC (IGOWAWAAC) operator. We study some of the main properties of this approach. We end the paper with a numerical example of the new approach in a group decision making problem in strategic management.

Merigó, JM, Gil-Lafuente, AM & Xu, Y 2013, 'Decision making with induced aggregation operators and the adequacy coefficient', Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, vol. 9.
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We present a method for decision making by using induced aggregation operators. This method is very useful for business decision making problems such as product management, investment selection and strategic management. We introduce a new aggregation operator that uses the induced ordered weighted averaging (IOWA) operator and the weighted average in the adequacy coefficient. We call it the induced ordered weighted averaging weighted averaging adequacy coefficient (IOWAWAAC) operator. The main advantage is that it is able to deal with complex attitudinal characters in the aggregation process. Thus, we are able to give a better representation of the problem considering the complex environment that affects the decisions. Moreover, it is able to provide a unified framework between the OWA and the weighted average. We generalize it by using generalized aggregation operators, obtaining the induced generalized OWAWAAC (IGOWAWAAC) operator. We study some of the main properties of this approach. We end the paper with a numerical example of the new approach in a group decision making problem in strategic management.

Merigó, JM, Rocha, C & Garcia-Agreda, S 2013, 'Entrepreneurial intervention in electronic markets: the influence of customer participation', International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 521-529.
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Merigó, JM, Xu, Y & Zeng, S 2013, 'Group decision making with distance measures and probabilistic information', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 40, pp. 81-87.
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Mesgari, S, Poon, YF, Wang, Y, Thong, YX, Wang, J & Chan-Park, MB 2013, 'Polymer removal from electronic grade single-walled carbon nanotubes after gel electrophoresis', Journal of Materials Chemistry C, vol. 1, no. 41, pp. 6813-6813.
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Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) are attractive candidates for next-generation printable semiconductors. However, all current synthesis methods produce s-SWNTs which are co-mingled with metallic (m-) SWNTs. Agarose gel electrophoresis has been reported to be an effective technique for the separation of s-SWNTs from m-SWNTs but removal of the agarose gel after separation has proved to be non-trivial. To remove agarose and the organic dispersing agent, specifically chondroitin sulfate in this work, from sorted s-SWNTs obtained by agarose gel electrophoresis, we employ the multi-step process involving a chlorosulfonic acid (HSO Cl) wash, a base wash and thermal annealing. Herein, we report the detailed analysis of the effects of the various steps for gel removal from SWNTs by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), FTIR-TGA, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The polymer-contaminated s-SWNTs were dissolved in HSO Cl, then selectively precipitated in a large excess of water, then washed with a base (NaOH) and finally thermally annealed. A detailed analysis confirmed that the final annealed samples contained almost no residual polymers. Field effect transistors were also fabricated from the annealed s-SWNTs and they showed good performance metrics with on/off ratio and mobility in the ∼10 to 10 and ∼2.5-9.5 cm V s ranges, respectively. Our method of gel electrophoresis and chlorosulfonic acid treatment produces clean and defect-free tubes which may be used for electronic applications. © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry. 3 3 2 6 2 -1 -1

Milne, D & Witten, IH 2013, 'An open-source toolkit for mining Wikipedia', Artificial Intelligence, vol. 194, pp. 222-239.
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MIYANAGA, Y, TAKAHASHI, W & YOSHIZAWA, S 2013, 'A Robust Speech Communication into Smart Info-Media System', IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, vol. E96.A, no. 11, pp. 2074-2080.
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Mofijur, M, Atabani, AE, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA & Masum, BM 2013, 'A study on the effects of promising edible and non-edible biodiesel feedstocks on engine performance and emissions production: A comparative evaluation', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 23, pp. 391-404.
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Mofijur, M, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA & Atabani, AE 2013, 'Evaluation of biodiesel blending, engine performance and emissions characteristics of Jatropha curcas methyl ester: Malaysian perspective', Energy, vol. 55, pp. 879-887.
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Mofijur, M, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Atabani, AE, Shahabuddin, M, Palash, SM & Hazrat, MA 2013, 'Effect of biodiesel from various feedstocks on combustion characteristics, engine durability and materials compatibility: A review', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 28, pp. 441-455.
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Mondal, RN, Islam, S, Uddin, K & Hossain, A 2013, 'Effects of aspect ratio on unsteady solutions through curved duct flow', Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 1107-1122.
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The effects of the aspect ratio on unsteady solutions through the curved duct flow are studied numerically by a spectral based computational procedure with a temperature gradient between the vertical sidewalls for the Grashof number 100 ≤ Gr ≤ 2 000. The outer wall of the duct is heated while the inner wall is cooled and the top and bottom walls are adiabatic. In this paper, unsteady solutions are calculated by the time history analysis of the Nusselt number for the Dean numbers Dn = 100 and Dn = 500 and the aspect ratios 1 ≤ γ ≤ 3. Water is taken as a working fluid (Pr = 7.0). It is found that at Dn = 100, there appears a steady-state solution for small or large Gr. For moderate Gr, however, the steady-state solution turns into the periodic solution if γ is increased. For Dn = 500, on the other hand, it is analyzed that the steady-state solution turns into the chaotic solution for small and large Gr for any γ lying in the range. For moderate Gr at Dn = 500, however, the steady-state flow turns into the chaotic flow through the periodic oscillating flow if the aspect ratio is increased. © 2013 Shanghai University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Mousavi, SM, Alavi, AH, Mollahasani, A, Gandomi, AH & Arab Esmaeili, M 2013, 'Formulation of soil angle of shearing resistance using a hybrid GP and OLS method', Engineering with Computers, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 37-53.
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Movassaghi, S, Abolhasan, M & Lipman, J 2013, 'A Review of Routing Protocols in Wireless Body Area Networks', Journal of Networks, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 559-575.
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Recent technological advancements in wireless communication, integrated circuits and Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMs) has enabled miniaturized, low-power, intelligent, invasive/ non-invasive micro and nano-technology sensor nodes placed in or on the human body for use in monitoring body function and its immediate environment referred to as Body Area Networks (BANs). BANs face many stringent requirements in terms of delay, power, temperature and network lifetime which need to be taken into serious consideration in the design of different protocols. Since routing protocols play an important role in the overall system performance in terms of delay, power consumption, temperature and so on, a thorough study on existing routing protocols in BANs is necessary. Also, the specific challenges of BANs necessitates the design of new routing protocols specifically designed for BANs. This paper provides a survey of existing routing protocols mainly proposed for BANs. These protocols are further classified into five main categories namely, temperature based, cross-layer, cluster based, cost-effective and QoS-based routing, where each protocol is described under its specified category. Also, comparison among routing protocols in each category is given. © 2013 ACADEMY PUBLISHER.

Mu, K, Jin, Z, Liu, W, Zowghi, D & Wei, B 2013, 'Measuring the significance of inconsistency in the Viewpoints framework', SCIENCE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING, vol. 78, no. 9, pp. 1572-1599.
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Measuring inconsistency is crucial to effective inconsistency management in software development. A complete measurement of inconsistency should focus on not only the degree but also the significance of inconsistency. However, most of the approaches available only take the degree of inconsistency into account. The significance of inconsistency has not yet been given much needed consideration. This paper presents an approach for measuring the significance of inconsistency arising from different viewpoints in the Viewpoints framework. We call an individual set of requirements belonging to different viewpoints a combined requirements collection in this paper. We argue that the significance of inconsistency arising in a combined requirements collection is closely associated with global priority levels of requirements involved in the inconsistency. Here we assume that the global priority level of an individual requirement captures the relative importance of every viewpoint including this requirement as well as the local priority level of the requirement within the viewpoint. Then we use the synthesis of global priority levels of all the requirements in a combined collection to measure the significance of the collection. Following this, we present a scoring matrix function to measure the significance of inconsistency in an inconsistent combined requirements collection, which describes the contribution made by each subset of the requirements collection to the significance of the set of requirements involved in the inconsistency. An ordering relationship between inconsistencies of two combined requirements collections, termed more significant than, is also presented by comparing their significance scoring matrix functions. Finally, these techniques were implemented in a prototype tool called IncMeasurer, which we developed as a proof of concept. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Müller-Lennert, M, Dupuis, F, Szehr, O, Fehr, S & Tomamichel, M 2013, 'On quantum Renyi entropies: a new generalization and some properties', J. Math. Phys., vol. 54, no. 12, p. 122203.
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The Renyi entropies constitute a family of information measures thatgeneralizes the well-known Shannon entropy, inheriting many of its properties.They appear in the form of unconditional and conditional entropies, relativeentropies or mutual information, and have found many applications ininformation theory and beyond. Various generalizations of Renyi entropies tothe quantum setting have been proposed, most notably Petz's quasi-entropies andRenner's conditional min-, max- and collision entropy. Here, we argue thatprevious quantum extensions are incompatible and thus unsatisfactory. We propose a new quantum generalization of the family of Renyi entropies thatcontains the von Neumann entropy, min-entropy, collision entropy and themax-entropy as special cases, thus encompassing most quantum entropies in usetoday. We show several natural properties for this definition, includingdata-processing inequalities, a duality relation, and an entropic uncertaintyrelation.

Musiał, K & Kazienko, P 2013, 'Social networks on the Internet', World Wide Web, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 31-72.
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Musial, K, Budka, M & Blysz, W 2013, 'Understanding the Other Side – The Inside Story of the INFER Project', Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol. 18, pp. 1-9.
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In the last few years, the collaboration between research institutions and industry has become a well established process. Transfer of Knowledge (ToK) is required to accelerate the development of both sides and to enable them to unlock their full potential. European Commission within the Marie Curie Industry and Academia Partnerships & Pathways (IAPP) programme supports the cooperation between these two sectors at the international scale by funding research projects that as one of the objectives aim at enhancing human mobility. IAPP projects offer people from different institutions the possibility to move sector and country in order to provide, absorb and implement new knowledge in a professional industrial-academic environment. In this paper, one of such projects is presented and both academia and industry perspectives in regard to opportunities and challenges in Transfer of Knowledge are described. Computational Intelligence Platform for Evolving and Robust Predictive Systems (INFER) is the IAPP project that serves as a case study for this paper. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.

Musial, K, Budka, M & Juszczyszyn, K 2013, 'Creation and growth of online social network', World Wide Web, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 421-447.
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Naidu, G, Jeong, S, Vigneswaran, S & Rice, SA 2013, 'Microbial activity in biofilter used as a pretreatment for seawater desalination', Desalination, vol. 309, pp. 254-260.
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Biofilters as a pretreatment process in seawater desalination can reduce biofoulants through adsorption and biodegradation. In this study, the performance of granular activated carbon (GAC) biofilter with three different filtration velocities was studied in terms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal. This apart, the microbial activities in the biofilters were measured in terms of concentration of active biomass (adenosine tri-phosphate; ATP) and total cell count. Biofouling potential in biofilter effluents were assessed in terms of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and assimilable organic carbon (AOC) concentration. AOC was carried out using a new rapid bioluminescence method. Upon reaching mature stage, the GAC biofilters achieved high DOC removal efficiency of more than 60%, especially the low molecular weight organics. This organic removal was mostly attributed to active biomass on the GAC media. In addition, GAC biofilters led to significant reduction of the AOC and TEP concentration amounting to only 0.6. ±0.2. μg-C glucose/L and 5.3 ± 1.1. μg-C/L, respectively in effluents. Thus, GAC biofilter is an effective pretreatment in reducing biofouling potential. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Naik, T, Bressan, N, James, A & McGregor, C 2013, 'Design of temporal analysis for a novel premature infant pain profile using artemis', Journal of Critical Care, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. e4-e4.
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Neshat, M 2013, 'FAIPSO: fuzzy adaptive informed particle swarm optimization', Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 23, no. S1, pp. 95-116.
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Neshat, M, Sepidnam, G & Sargolzaei, M 2013, 'Swallow swarm optimization algorithm: a new method to optimization', Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 429-454.
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Ngalim, SH, Magenau, A, Zhu, Y, Tønnesen, L, Fairjones, Z, Gooding, JJ, Böcking, T & Gaus, K 2013, 'Creating Adhesive and Soluble Gradients for Imaging Cell Migration with Fluorescence Microscopy', Journal of Visualized Experiments, no. 74.
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Nguyen, DN & Krunz, M 2013, 'Cooperative MIMO in wireless networks: recent developments and challenges', IEEE Network, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 48-54.
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Cooperative multiple-input multiple-output (CMIMO) is a form of cooperative communications. CMIMO emulates the functionality of multi-antenna systems by grouping wireless devices to operate as virtual multi-antenna nodes. Its main objectives are to boost network throughput, conserve energy, and improve network coverage. In this article, we discuss recent applications of CMIMO in contemporary wireless networks, including wireless sensor, mobile ad hoc, wireless LAN, cognitive, and cellular networks. We first review CMIMO techniques at the physical layer. We then focus on state-of-the-art approaches for realizing CMIMO at the network layer, and classify these approaches based on their objectives and application scenarios, and how they exploit CMIMO gains. We highlight several open issues that present challenges to practical deployment of CMIMO. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

Nguyen, LN, Hai, FI, Kang, J, Nghiem, LD, Price, WE, Guo, W, Ngo, HH & Tung, K-L 2013, 'Comparison between sequential and simultaneous application of activated carbon with membrane bioreactor for trace organic contaminant removal', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 130, pp. 412-417.
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The removal efficiency of 22 selected trace organic contaminants by sequential application of granular activated carbon (GAC) and simultaneous application of powdered activated carbon (PAC) with membrane bioreactor (MBR) was compared in this study. Both sequential application of GAC following MBR treatment (MBRâGAC) and simultaneous application of PAC within MBR (PACâMBR) achieved improved removal (over 95%) of seven hydrophilic and biologically persistent compounds, which were less efficiently removed by MBR-only treatment (negligible to 70%). However, gradual breakthrough of these compounds occurred over an extended operation period. Charged compounds, particularly, fenoprop and diclofenac, demonstrated the fastest breakthrough (complete and 50â70%, in MBRâGAC and PACâMBR, respectively). Based on a simple comparison from the long-term performance stability and activated carbon usage points of view, PACâMBR appears to be a better option than MBRâGAC treatment.

Nguyen, LN, Hai, FI, Kang, J, Price, WE & Nghiem, LD 2013, 'Coupling granular activated carbon adsorption with membrane bioreactor treatment for trace organic contaminant removal: Breakthrough behaviour of persistent and hydrophilic compounds', Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 119, pp. 173-181.
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Nguyen, LN, Hai, FI, Kang, J, Price, WE & Nghiem, LD 2013, 'Removal of emerging trace organic contaminants by MBR-based hybrid treatment processes', International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, vol. 85, pp. 474-482.
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Nguyen, LN, Hai, FI, Yang, S, Kang, J, Leusch, FDL, Roddick, F, Price, WE & Nghiem, LD 2013, 'Removal of trace organic contaminants by an MBR comprising a mixed culture of bacteria and white-rot fungi', Bioresource Technology, vol. 148, pp. 234-241.
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Nguyen, TAH, Ngo, HH, Guo, WS, Zhang, J, Liang, S & Tung, KL 2013, 'Feasibility of iron loaded 'okara' for biosorption of phosphorous in aqueous solutions', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 150, no. 1, pp. 42-49.
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This study investigated the feasibility of using soybean milk by-products (okara) as a sustainable biosorbent for phosphate removal in water and wastewater. The results show that raw okara could hardly decontaminate phosphate from aqueous solutions. Hence, in this work, okara was modified by being cationized using FeCl3 0.25M (namely iron loaded okara, ILO) to enhance the phosphorus adsorption capacity. The phosphate sorption onto ILO was well achieved under the conditions of pH 3, initial phosphorous concentration of 25mg/L, biosorbent dose of 20mg/L and contact time of 7h. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of phosphate by ILO was 4.785mg/g. The effects of interfering anions were in the order of CO32->SO42->NO3 It was also observed that Fe(III) was detached during operation. This problem can hinder the sustainable usability of ILO. Thus, further research would be necessary for improving the modification method. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Nguyen, TAH, Ngo, HH, Guo, WS, Zhang, J, Liang, S, Yue, QY, Li, Q & Nguyen, TV 2013, 'Applicability of agricultural waste and by-products for adsorptive removal of heavy metals from wastewater', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 148, no. 1, pp. 574-585.
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This critical review discusses the potential use of agricultural waste based biosorbents (AWBs) for sequestering heavy metals in terms of their adsorption capacities, binding mechanisms, operating factors and pretreatment methods. The literature survey indicates that AWBs have shown equal or even greater adsorption capacities compared to conventional adsorbents. Thanks to modern molecular biotechnologies, the roles of functional groups in biosorption process are better understood. Of process factors, pH appears to be the most influential. In most cases, chemical pretreatments bring about an obvious improvement in metal uptake capacity. However, there are still several gaps, which require further investigation, such as (i) searching for novel, multi-function AWBs, (ii) developing cost-effective modification methods and (iii) assessing AWBs under multi-metal and real wastewater systems. Once these challenges are settled, the replacement of traditional adsorbents by AWBs in decontaminating heavy metals from wastewater can be expected in the future. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Nguyen, TT, Ngo, HH & Guo, W 2013, 'Pilot scale study on a new membrane bioreactor hybrid system in municipal wastewater treatment', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 141, pp. 8-12.
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A pilot scale membrane bioreactor hybrid system (MBR-HS) was evaluated for municipal wastewater treatment. This novel system comprised of a granular activated carbon-sponge fluidized bed bioreactor (GACS-FBBR) followed by a submerge membrane bioreactor (MBR) with the capacity of 2L/min. The results indicated that the MBR-HS could effectively remove 90% DOC and 95% NH4-N. PO4-P removal efficiency was remained stable at about 70% throughout the experiment. Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) of activated sludge increased from 0.72 to 2.21mg O2/gVSSh for the first 10days and then followed by a steady stage until the end of experiment. Sludge volume index (SVI) was always below 50mL/g, demonstrated an excellent settling properties of sludge. The system also showed an achievement in terms of low trans-membrane pressure (TMP) development rate. The TMP increasing rate was only 0.65kPa/day, suggesting GACS-FBBR can be a promising pre-treatment for MBR. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Nguyen, TT, Ngo, HH & Guo, WS 2013, 'Effect of sponge volume fraction on the performance of a novel fluidized bed bioreactor', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 67, no. 11, pp. 2645-2650.
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A novel fluidized bed bioreactor (FBBR) was designed by integration of anaerobic granular activated carbon and aerobic sponge reactors. This FBBR was evaluated at different sponge volume fractions for treating a synthetic wastewater. Polyester urethane sponge with cube size of 1 × 1 × 1 cm and density of 28-30 kg/m3 with 90 cells per 25 mm was used as biomass carrier. The results indicate that the FBBR could remove more than 93% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The highest nutrient removal efficiencies (58.2% PO4 -P and 75.4% NH4-N) were achieved at 40% sponge volume fraction. The system could provide a good condition for biomass growth (e.g. 186.2 mg biomass/g sponge). No significant different performance in specific oxygen uptake rate was observed between 30, 40, and 50% sponge volume fractions. © IWA Publishing 2013 Water.

Nguyen, TV & Eisman, JA 2013, 'Genetic profiling and individualized assessment of fracture risk', Nature Reviews Endocrinology, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 153-161.
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Osteoporosis and its consequence of fragility fracture impose a considerable demand on health-care services because fracture is associated with a series of adverse events, including re-fracture and mortality. One of the major priorities in osteoporosis care is the development of predictive models to identify individuals at high risk of fracture for early intervention and management. Existing predictive models include clinical factors and anthropometric characteristics but have not considered genetic variants in the prediction. Genome-wide association studies conducted in the past decade have identified several genetic variants relevant to fracture risk. These genetic variants are common in frequency but have very modest effect sizes. A remaining challenge is to use these genetic data to individualize fracture risk assessment on the basis of an individual's genetic risk profile. Empirical and simulation studies have shown that the usefulness of a single genetic variant for fracture risk assessment is very limited, but a profile of 50 genetic variants, each with odds ratio ranging from 1.02 to 1.15, could improve the accuracy of fracture prediction beyond that obtained by use of existing clinical risk factors. Thus, genetic profiling when integrated with existing risk assessment models could inform a more accurate prediction of fracture risk in an individual.

Nguyen, VT, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Indraratna, B 2013, 'Analytical Solutions for Filtration Process Based on Constriction Size Concept', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 139, no. 7, pp. 1049-1061.
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Ni, B, Yuan, Z, Chandran, K, Vanrolleghem, PA & Murthy, S 2013, 'Evaluating four mathematical models for nitrous oxide production by autotrophic ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria', Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. 110, no. 1, pp. 153-163.
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AbstractThere is increasing evidence showing that ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are major contributors to N2O emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Although the fundamental metabolic pathways for N2O production by AOB are now coming to light, the mechanisms responsible for N2O production by AOB in WWTP are not fully understood. Mathematical modeling provides a means for testing hypotheses related to mechanisms and triggers for N2O emissions in WWTP, and can then also become a tool to support the development of mitigation strategies. This study examined the ability of four mathematical model structures to describe two distinct mechanisms of N2O production by AOB. The production mechanisms evaluated are (1) N2O as the final product of nitrifier denitrification with NO as the terminal electron acceptor and (2) N2O as a byproduct of incomplete oxidation of hydroxylamine (NH2OH) to NO. The four models were compared based on their ability to predict N2O dynamics observed in three mixed culture studies. Short‐term batch experimental data were employed to examine model assumptions related to the effects of (1) NH concentration variations, (2) dissolved oxygen (DO) variations, (3) NOJournal of Membrane Science, vol. 428, pp. 163-171.
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Ni, B-J, Ruscalleda, M, Pellicer-Nàcher, C & Smets, BF 2013, 'Reply to Comment on “Modeling Nitrous Oxide Production during Biological Nitrogen Removal via Nitrification and Denitrification: Extensions to the General ASM Models”', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 47, no. 20, pp. 11910-11911.
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Ni, B-J, Smets, BF, Yuan, Z & Pellicer-Nàcher, C 2013, 'Model-based evaluation of the role of Anammox on nitric oxide and nitrous oxide productions in membrane aerated biofilm reactor', Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 446, pp. 332-340.
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Ni, B-J, Ye, L, Law, Y, Byers, C & Yuan, Z 2013, 'Mathematical Modeling of Nitrous Oxide (N₂O) Emissions from Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plants', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 47, no. 14, pp. 7795-7803.
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Ni, J, Indraratna, B, Geng, X-Y, Carter, JP & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2013, 'Radial consolidation of soft soil under cyclic loads', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 50, pp. 1-5.
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Ni, W & Collings, IB 2013, 'A New Adaptive Small-Cell Architecture', IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 829-839.
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Ni, W, Collings, IB & Liu, RP 2013, 'Decentralized User-Centric Scheduling with Low Rate Feedback for Mobile Small Cells', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 6106-6120.
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Small cells with wireless backhaul are promising, whereas challenges of severe overlapping coverage and strong interference are yet to be addressed. Coordinating small cells could resolve the challenges; however, existing multicell coordinated beamforming techniques involve high cost of communication overhead, synchronization and backhaul. Such problems may deteriorate in practical cellular applications, where there could be many users, each generating high channel feedback overhead to compete for an opportunity of being scheduled, and the downlink data signals of the coordinated cells need to be precisely synchronized at each of the users. We propose a new scheme, which cuts the overhead by 80% and enables the coordination to be practically implemented in a decentralized manner. Our scheme is a user-centric downlink scheduling approach, where mobile terminals trigger and participate in the scheduling decisions of small cells. We also develop a new recursive algorithm to optimize the quantization levels of mobile terminals' feedback, minimizing the feedback requirement. Analysis, confirmed by simulations, shows that our scheme is able to achieve 94.4% of the sum-rate upper-bound which can only be approached by idealized centralized coordination. In terms of throughput, given the 80% reduced overhead, our scheme is 139.5% better than the idealized centralized coordination approach. © 2013 IEEE.

Niazi, M, Ikram, N, Gill, AQ & Ul Hassan, MR 2013, 'Special Issue on 'Empirical Studies in Software Engineering'', IET SOFTWARE, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 295-297.
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Niu, L, Lu, J, Zhang, G & Wu, D 2013, 'FACETS: A cognitive business intelligence system', INFORMATION SYSTEMS, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 835-862.
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A cognitive decision support system called FACETS was developed and evaluated based on the situation retrieval (SR) model. The aim of FACETS is to provide decision makers cognitive decision support in ill-structured decision situations. The design and development of FACETS includes novel concepts, models, algorithms and system architecture, such as ontology and experience representation, situation awareness parsing, data warehouse query construction and guided situation presentation. The experiments showed that FACETS is able to play a significant role in supporting ill-structured decision making through developing and enriching situation awareness. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Nizami, S, Green, JR & McGregor, C 2013, 'Implementation of Artifact Detection in Critical Care: A Methodological Review', IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, vol. 6, pp. 127-142.
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Artifact detection (AD) techniques minimize the impact of artifacts on physiologic data acquired in critical care units (CCU) by assessing quality of data prior to clinical event detection (CED) and parameter derivation (PD). This methodological review introduces unique taxonomies to synthesize over 80 AD algorithms based on these six themes: 1) CCU; 2) physiologic data source; 3) harvested data; 4) data analysis; 5) clinical evaluation; and 6) clinical implementation. Review results show that most published algorithms: a) are designed for one specific type of CCU; b) are validated on data harvested only from one OEM monitor; c) generate signal quality indicators (SQI) that are not yet formalized for useful integration in clinical workflows; d) operate either in standalone mode or coupled with CED or PD applications; e) are rarely evaluated in real-time; and f) are not implemented in clinical practice. In conclusion, it is recommended that AD algorithms conform to generic input and output interfaces with commonly defined data: 1) type; 2) frequency; 3) length; and 4) SQIs. This shall promote: a) reusability of algorithms across different CCU domains; b) evaluation on different OEM monitor data; c) fair comparison through formalized SQIs; d) meaningful integration with other AD, CED and PD algorithms; and e) real-time implementation in clinical workflows. © 2008-2011 IEEE.

Noushini, A, Samali, B & Vessalas, K 2013, 'Effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibre on dynamic and material properties of fibre reinforced concrete', CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 374-383.
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The effect of uncoated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibre addition on dynamic properties of fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) has been investigated in the current study. PVA fibres of two geometric lengths (6 and 12 mm) with aspect ratio of 428 and 857, respectively, were utilised. Fly ash was also used as partial replacement of Portland cement in all mixes. Based on total concrete volume, two fibre fractions of 0.25% and 0.5% were evaluated for their effect on fundamental frequency, dynamic modulus of elasticity and damping ratio of FRC. 28-Day static mechanical properties are also measured. From the results, it can be stated that although PVA fibre addition in low volume fractions used in this study significantly enhance the mechanical properties of FRC, it has no considerable effect on concrete material damping characteristics. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

OBAIDULLAH, K, SIRITEANU, C, YOSHIZAWA, S & MIYANAGA, Y 2013, 'Effects of Channel Features on Parameters of Genetic Algorithm for MIMO Detection', IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, vol. E96.A, no. 10, pp. 1984-1992.
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Oberst, S, Lai, JCS & Marburg, S 2013, 'Guidelines for numerical vibration and acoustic analysis of disc brake squeal using simple models of brake systems', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 332, no. 9, pp. 2284-2299.
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Ong, HC, Silitonga, AS, Masjuki, HH, Mahlia, TMI, Chong, WT & Boosroh, MH 2013, 'Production and comparative fuel properties of biodiesel from non-edible oils: Jatropha curcas, Sterculia foetida and Ceiba pentandra', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 73, pp. 245-255.
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Ortiz-Padilla, C, Gallego-Ortega, D, Browne, BC, Hochgräfe, F, Caldon, CE, Lyons, RJ, Croucher, DR, Rickwood, D, Ormandy, CJ, Brummer, T & Daly, RJ 2013, 'Functional characterization of cancer-associated Gab1 mutations', Oncogene, vol. 32, no. 21, pp. 2696-2702.
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Ou, G, Wang, Y, Hao, H & Zhu, XQ 2013, 'Identification of de-bonding between steel bars and concrete using wavelet techniques: Comparative study', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 43-56.
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The interface between steel bar and concrete plays an important role in retaining the strength of reinforced concrete structures. When the interface is damaged by cracking, de-bonding between the two materials and/or other kinds of damage, significant degradation of the structural performances will occur owing to loss of composite actions. In this study, wave propagation on several steel bars embedded in two concrete plates with different de-bonding scenarios is tested. Piezoelectric actuators and sensors are attached to steel bars for recording input and response signals. This paper uses the wavelet transform combined with the wavelet packet decomposition, component energy and Shannon entropy to analyze the experimental results. The results demonstrate that both damage index and relative entropy are sensitive to the existence of de-bonding damage and change linearly with de-bonding length when there is only a single de-bonding damage, while energy and entropy distribution are largely influenced by the property of the excitation signal. When multiple de-bonding exists, however, both the damage index and relative entropy have no such clear tendency. © Institution of Engineers Australia, 2013.

Pal, S, Pal, U & Blumenstein, M 2013, 'Off‐line verification technique for Hindi signatures', IET Biometrics, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 182-190.
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Handwritten signature is one of the oldest biometric attributes used for authentication of an individual or a document. The purpose of this study is to present an empirical contribution towards the understanding of signature verification using a novel method involving off-line Hindi (Devnagari) signatures. Although research in the field of signature verification involving Western signatures has been well studied, there has been relatively little attention devoted to non-Western signatures such as Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Persian etc. In this study, the performance of an off-line signature verification system involving Hindi signatures, whose style is distinct from Western scripts, was investigated. The gradient feature, Zernike moment features and SVMs were considered for verification. To the best of the authors' knowledge, Hindi signatures investigated as part of a large dataset have never been used for the task of signature verification, and this research work is only the second important report using Hindi signatures in this area. An encouraging accuracy of 90.69% was obtained using gradient feature. The Hindi signature database employed for experimentation consisted of 2400 (100 × 24) genuine signatures and 3000 (100 × 30) forgeries. The error rates of 11.50% FRR and 7.12% FAR were obtained through experimentation using gradient features. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2013.

Palacios‐Marqués, D, Peris‐Ortiz, M & Merigó, JM 2013, 'The effect of knowledge transfer on firm performance', Management Decision, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 973-985.
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PurposeThis work aims to analyse the effect of a holistic business view, competency‐based management, continuous learning and information technology infrastructure on knowledge transfer and the subsequent effect on firm performance.Design/methodology/approachStructural equation models and a survey of 222 firms from the Spanish biotechnology and telecommunications industries verify the mediator role of knowledge transfer.FindingsThe implications of confirming these hypotheses for managers are that by emphasising the creation of a holistic business view, competency‐based management, promoting continuous learning and improving information technology infrastructure, managers will improve knowledge transfer and positively influence the creation of superior firm performance.Originality/valueIt is shown that in knowledge‐intensive industries, knowledge transfer acts as a mediating variable between a holistic view of the firm, competency‐based management, continuous learning and information and communication technologies infrastructure and firm performance.

Palash, SM, Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH, Masum, BM, Rizwanul Fattah, IM & Mofijur, M 2013, 'Impacts of biodiesel combustion on NOx emissions and their reduction approaches', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 23, pp. 473-490.
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Palash, SM, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Masum, BM, Sanjid, A & Abedin, MJ 2013, 'State of the art of NOx mitigation technologies and their effect on the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel-fueled Compression Ignition engines', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 76, pp. 400-420.
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Pan, Y, Ni, B-J & Yuan, Z 2013, 'Modeling Electron Competition among Nitrogen Oxides Reduction and N₂O Accumulation in Denitrification', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 47, no. 19, pp. 11083-11091.
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Pan, Y, Ni, B-J, Bond, PL, Ye, L & Yuan, Z 2013, 'Electron competition among nitrogen oxides reduction during methanol-utilizing denitrification in wastewater treatment', Water Research, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 3273-3281.
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Pang, SC, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA & Hazrat, MA 2013, 'Correlation of Engine Cooling System Parameters and SegmentedHeat Exchangers’ Analysis', Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 2027-2032.
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Pang, SC, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA & Hazrat, MA 2013, 'Liquid absorption and solid adsorption system for household, industrial and automobile applications: A review', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 28, pp. 836-847.
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Pant, HR, Pant, B, Park, CH, Kim, HJ, Lee, DS, Tijing, LD, Hwang, BS, Kim, HY & Kim, CS 2013, 'RGO/Nylon-6 composite mat with unique structural features and electrical properties obtained from electrospinning and hydrothermal process', Fibers and Polymers, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 970-975.
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In this work, the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets were effectively uploaded through nylon-6 fibers using combined process of electrospinning and hydrothermal treatment. Good dispersion of graphene oxide (GO) with nylon-6 solution could allow to upload GO sheets through nylon-6 fibers and facilitate the formation of spider-wave-like nano-nets during electrospinning. GO sheets present on/into nylon-6 spider-wave-like nano-nets were further reduced to RGO using hydrothermal treatment. The impregnated GO sheets into nylon-6 nanofibers and their reduction during hydrothermal treatment were confirmed by FE-SEM, TEM, FT-IR and Raman spectra. The electrical characteristics of pristine nylon-6, GO/nylon-6 and RGO/nylon-6 nanofibers were investigated and it was found that RGO/nylon-6 composite mat had better electrical conductivity than others. The formation of spider-wave-like nano-nets as well as indirect route of incorporation of RGO sheets on electrospun nylon-6 mat may open a new direction for future graphene/polymer electronics.

Pant, HR, Pant, B, Pokharel, P, Kim, HJ, Tijing, LD, Park, CH, Lee, DS, Kim, HY & Kim, CS 2013, 'Photocatalytic TiO2–RGO/nylon-6 spider-wave-like nano-nets via electrospinning and hydrothermal treatment', Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 429, pp. 225-234.
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A new route for the formation of reusable photocatalytic TiO2 (P25)-reduced graphene oxide/nylon-6 (P25-RGO/nylon-6) composite filter membrane using electrospinning and hydrothermal techniques is being reported. Addition of small amount of graphene oxide (GO) into nylon-6 solution prior to electrospinning was able to cause the formation of a large-scale uniform bimodal fibers with distributed thick (≈200 nm) and thin (≈13 nm) fiber diameters in spider-wave-like nano-nets by electrospinning, and facilitated the deposition of P25 NPs during its reduction at the time of hydrothermal treatment. Different analyses confirmed that GO was successfully incorporated into the electrospun nylon-6 fibers and simultaneous reduction of GO as well as deposition of P25 NPs on the surface of fibers was possible during hydrothermal treatment. The photoactive property of the as-prepared nanocomposites was tested against methylene blue. The results showed that P25-RGO/nylon-6 nanocomposite mat is more effective than the TiO2/nylon-6 electrospun composite mat. The water flux at a given pressure of different mats was measured to find out the filter efficiency of the membranes. The as-prepared composite mat has great potentiality as an economically–friendly water filter media and reusable photocatalyst.

Pant, HR, Pant, B, Sharma, RK, Amarjargal, A, Kim, HJ, Park, CH, Tijing, LD & Kim, CS 2013, 'Antibacterial and photocatalytic properties of Ag/TiO2/ZnO nano-flowers prepared by facile one-pot hydrothermal process', Ceramics International, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 1503-1510.
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In this paper, a simple and efficient strategy of one-pot synthesis of Ag doped TiO2/ZnO photocatalyst was developed using hydrothermal process. Simultaneous crystallization of Ag and ZnO crystals from their precursor solution containing P25 (TiO2) NPs could form effectively bonded Ag/TiO2/ZnO composite photocatalyst during hydrothermal treatment. Several analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy have been used to characterize the resulting Ag/TiO2/ZnO photocatalyst. Results showed that ZnO nano-flowers doped with TiO2 and Ag NPs were formed by this simple facile one-step process. The unique properties of Ag NPs on binary semiconductor composite not only provide the decreased rate of electron-hole separation but also prevent from the loss of photocatalyst during recovery due to the fixed attachment of Ag and TiO2 NPs on the surface of flower shaped large ZnO particles. Therefore, as-synthesized composite is an economically and environmentally friendly photocatalyst. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

Pant, HR, Park, CH, Pokharel, P, Tijing, LD, Lee, DS & Kim, CS 2013, 'ZnO micro-flowers assembled on reduced graphene sheets with high photocatalytic activity for removal of pollutants', Powder Technology, vol. 235, pp. 853-858.
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In this paper, a simple and efficient strategy was developed for preparing flower-shaped ZnO doped reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite material by simultaneous crystal growth (of ZnO) and reduction (of graphene oxide) using hydrothermal process. Several analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy have been used to characterize the resulting ZnO/RGO photocatalyst. Results showed that highly crystalline ZnO nano-flowers were effectively doped on the surface of RGO sheets. The unique properties of RGO sheets not only provide the decreased rate of electron–hole separation in ZnO but also prevent from the loss of photocatalyst during recovery due to the fixed attachment of ZnO NPs on the surface of high aspect ratio graphene sheets. Therefore, as-synthesized composite is an economically and environmentally friendly photocatalyst.

Pant, HR, Risal, P, Park, CH, Tijing, LD, Jeong, YJ & Kim, CS 2013, 'Core–shell structured electrospun biomimetic composite nanofibers of calcium lactate/nylon-6 for tissue engineering', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 221, pp. 90-98.
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In this work, core-shell structured nylon-6/lactic acid (LA) nanofibers have been produced via single-spinneret electrospinning from the simple blending of LA and nylon-6 solution. The low evaporation rate and plasticizer property of LA was found to be responsible for the formation of point-bonded morphology whereas solvent degradation of nylon-6 with complex phase separation mechanism could give spider-wave-like architecture of the mat and core–shell structure of the composite fibers. The core–shell nanostructure and existence of LA on the shell layer of the fiber were confirmed by TEM and XPS analysis. These fibers were further treated with calcium base to convert surface LA into calcium lactate (CL) which could increase the biocompatibility of composite mat. The SBF incubation test not only confirmed the nucleation capacity of CL to accelerate the deposition of calcium compound on the surface of nanofibers but also facileated the formation of hollow calcium phosphate particles at biomimetic conditions. The adhesion, viability and proliferation properties of osteoblast cells on the composite nanofibers were analyzed by in vitro cell compatibility test. This study demonstrated the non-cytotoxic behavior and good proliferation capacity of calcium lactate/nylon-6 (CL/nylon-6) composite mat. Therefore, the novel nanofibrous composite mat may become a potential candidate for bone tissue engineering

Pant, HR, Risal, P, Park, CH, Tijing, LD, Jeong, YJ & Kim, CS 2013, 'Synthesis, characterization, and mineralization of polyamide-6/calcium lactate composite nanofibers for bone tissue engineering', Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 102, pp. 152-157.
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Park, C-H, Kang, S-J, Tijing, LD, Pant, HR & Kim, CS 2013, 'Inductive heating of electrospun Fe2O3/polyurethane composite mat under high-frequency magnetic field', Ceramics International, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 9785-9790.
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Park, CH, Kim, C-H, Pant, HR, Tijing, LD, Yu, MH, Kim, Y & Kim, CS 2013, 'An angled robotic dual-nozzle electrospinning set-up for preparing PU/PA6 composite fibers', Textile Research Journal, vol. 83, no. 3, pp. 311-320.
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This paper presents the design and development of a robust electrospinning set-up for the processing of polymer composites at the nanoscale. A robotic-controlled movable dual-nozzle (keeping the rotating collector at a fixed position) set-up with two power supplies is presented for nanocomposite electrospinning. We studied the effect of different angles between two nozzles on the physicochemical properties of composite PU/PA6 electrospun mats obtained from this electrospining set-up. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the mats indicated that the diameter of the nanofibers and their evenness was affected by the angle between the nozzles. The effect of angle (between the nozzles) on the mechanical strength of the composite mats was also evaluated. The hybrid mat obtained from the dual- nozzle system was found to be mechanically stronger than the individual fibrous mat. Furthermore, the mechanical strength of the composite mat could be increased by decreasing the angle between the tips of the nozzles.

Park, C-H, Tijing, LD, Pant, HR, Kim, T-H, Amarjargal, A, Kim, HJ & Kim, CS 2013, 'Accelerated in vitro durability testing of nonvascular Nitinol stents based on the electrical potential sensing method', Applied Physics A, vol. 112, no. 4, pp. 919-926.
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Parr, WCH, Chamoli, U, Jones, A, Walsh, WR & Wroe, S 2013, 'Finite element micro-modelling of a human ankle bone reveals the importance of the trabecular network to mechanical performance: New methods for the generation and comparison of 3D models', Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 200-205.
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Parvin, S, Hussain, FK & Hussain, OK 2013, 'Conjoint trust assessment for secure communication in cognitive radio networks', MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING, vol. 58, no. 5-6, pp. 1340-1350.
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With the rapid development of wireless communication, the growth of Cognitive Radio (CR) is increasing day by day. Because CR is flexible and operates on the wireless network, there are more security threats to CR technology than to the traditional radio environment. In addition, there is no comprehensive framework for achieving security in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs), and the role of trust for achieving security in CRNs has not been explored previously. Security vulnerability in cognitive radio technology is unavoidable due to the intrinsic nature of the technology, so it is critical to ensure system security in CRNs. The issue of secure communication in CRNs thus becomes more important than it is in conventional wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a conjoint trust assessment approach (combining trust assessment from the Primary User Network and the Secondary User Network) in a CRN to solve the security threats brought about by untrustworthy entities, such as selfish, malicious, and faultless nodes, and to ensure secure spectrum sharing in CRNs. A numerical analysis shows the feasibility of our proposed approach.

Parvin, S, Hussain, FK, Hussain, OK, Thein, T & Park, JS 2013, 'Multi-cyber framework for availability enhancement of cyber physical systems', COMPUTING, vol. 95, no. 10-11, pp. 927-948.
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With the rapid growth of wireless communication, the deployment of cyber-physical system (CPS) is increasing day by day. As a cyber physical system involves a tight coupling between the physical and computational components, it is critical to ensure that the system, apart from being secure, is available for both the cyber and physical processes. Traditional methods have generally been employed to defend an infrastructure system against physical threats. However, this does not guarantee that the availability of the system will always be high. In this paper, we propose a multi-cyber (computational unit) framework to improve the availability of CPS based on Markov model. We evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed framework in terms of availability, downtime, downtime cost and reliability of the CPS framework. © 2012 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Australia.

Paul, G, Kwok, N & Liu, D 2013, 'A novel surface segmentation approach for robotic manipulator-based maintenance operation planning', AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION, vol. 29, pp. 136-147.
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This paper presents a novel approach to segmenting a three-dimensional surface map by considering the task requirements and the movements of an industrial robot manipulator. Maintenance operations, such as abrasive blasting, that are performed by a field robot manipulator can be made more efficient by exploiting surface segmentation. The approach in this paper utilises an aggregate of multiple connectivity graphs, with graph edges defined by task constraints, and graph vertices that correspond to small, maintenance-specific target surfaces, known as Scale-Like Discs (SLDs). The task constraints for maintenance operations are based on the characteristics of neighbouring SLDs. The combined connectivity graphs are analysed to find clusters of vertices, thus segmenting the surface map into groups of related SLDs. Experiments conducted in three typical bridge maintenance environments have shown that the approach can reduce garnet usage by 10%-40% and reduce the manipulator joint movements by up to 35%. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Paul, M, Haque, SME & Chakraborty, S 2013, 'Human detection in surveillance videos and its applications - a review', EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2013, no. 1.
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Peng, P, Blamires, SJ, Agnarsson, I, Lin, H-C & Tso, I-M 2013, 'A Color-Mediated Mutualism between Two Arthropod Predators', Current Biology, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 172-176.
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Peng, S, Wang, G & Yu, S 2013, 'Modeling the dynamics of worm propagation using two-dimensional cellular automata in smartphones', Journal of Computer and System Sciences, vol. 79, no. 5, pp. 586-595.
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Pham, HN, Fujita, H, Ozaki, K & Uchida, N 2013, 'Dynamic Analysis and Control for Resonant Currents in a Zone-Control Induction Heating System', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 1297-1307.
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This paper presents a quick and accurate power control method for a zone-control induction heating (ZCIH) system consisting of multiple working coils connected to multiple H-bridge inverters. A uniform temperature profile can be achieved by adjusting the current in each working coil. This paper proposes a new current control method based on a circuit model using real and imaginary (Re-Im) current/voltage components. The method detects and controls the Re-Im components of the coil current instead of the current amplitude and phase angle. As a result, the proposed method enables the inverters to control the coil current independently from the others. Experiments using a six-coil ZCIH system are conducted to verify the validity of the proposed method. The experimental results confirmed that the proposed method makes it possible to improve the stability of the current feedback control, not only in steady states but also in transient states.

Pham, TT, Nguyen, HH & Tuan, HD 2013, 'Optimization of Hierarchical Modulation for Decode-and-Forward Wireless Relay Networks', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 62, no. 9, pp. 4484-4493.
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This paper presents two designs of optimal nonuniformed constellations for decode-and-forward wireless relay networks with an orthogonal space-time block code (STBC). The first design is concerned with the unequal error protection issue, in which two dat

Phan, AH, Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Nguyen, HH 2013, 'Iterative D.C. Optimization of Precoding in Wireless MIMO Relaying', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1617-1627.
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Optimizations of precoding matrices in precode-and-forward (PF) MIMO relaying are nonconvex programs in precoding matrix variables. The semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique, which relaxes the concerned nonconvex quadratic constraints by (convex) semi-definite ones, can locate the optimal solutions, provided that the numbers of relaying antennas and users are very small. The computational complexity of the SDR grows explosively even with a very moderate increase in the numbers of relaying antennas and/or users, making the existing semidefinite programming (SDP) solvers incapable. In this paper, much more efficient problem formulations of precoding matrix design that exploit the spectral matrix optimization are developed. Such formulations have a low dimensionality and are computationally-tractable nonconvex matrix programs. Furthermore, by exploiting their partial convex structures in the d.c. (difference of two convex functions) framework, new effective iterative solutions are obtained. Extensive simulation results are presented to support the computational advantage of the proposed approach and show that the proposed approach can effectively handle all three considered optimization problems of precoding matrices in MIMO PF relaying, while the SDR approach either is computationally impractical or fails.

Phuntsho, S, Hong, S, Elimelech, M & Shon, HK 2013, 'Forward osmosis desalination of brackish groundwater: Meeting water quality requirements for fertigation by integrating nanofiltration', JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, vol. 436, no. 1, pp. 1-15.
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The concept of fertiliser drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) desalination lies in the premise that fertilisers that serve as draw solutions (DS) add value to the FDFO product water for fertigation. However, because FDFO desalination is concentration based, the process cannot continue beyond the concentration equilibrium, one of the major limitations of the forward osmosis (FO) process. This results in final FDFO product water that, unless subjected to substantial dilution with fresh water, exceeds the acceptable nutrient concentrations for direct fertigation. In this study, nanofiltration (NF) has been assessed as an integrated process to FDFO desalination, either as a pre-treatment or post-treatment, to reduce the nutrient concentrations in the final product water and thereby allow direct use of the product water for fertigation without further dilution. NF as pre-treatment or post-treatment was found effective in reducing the nutrient concentrations using brackish groundwater (BGW) sources with relatively low total dissolved solid (TDS). However, when using higher TDS BGW sources, the product water still required further dilution or post-treatment before fertigation. NF as post-treatment was found to be more advantageous both in terms of reduced nutrient concentrations in the final product water and energy consumption. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Phuntsho, S, Kim, J, Lotfi, F & Shon, HK 2013, 'MONO/DI-ammonium phosphate fertilizers as draw solutions for forward osmosis desalination', IDA Journal of Desalination and Water Reuse, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 34-39.
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Forward osmosis (FO) can be suitably used to desalinate water for irrigation using fertilizer as draw agent due to the desalinated water containing diluted draw solution. Mono-ammonium hydrogen phosphate (MAP) and di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) are the important group of the most concentrated soluble fertilizer materials containing both N and P, essential fertilizer elements needed by the plants. The comparative assessment of these two fertilizers as draw solution (DS) for FO desalination was conducted. The results indicate that both MAP and DAP can be used as a DS for FO desalination and for direct fertigation although concentration polarization significantly affected the water flux. MAP performed slightly better in terms of pure water flux. However, the performance ratio of DAP was comparable to MAP when saline feed water was used. Furthermore, DAP was seen as a better DS candidate for desalination and fertigation due to significantly lower reverse solute flux.

Phuntsho, S, Sahebi, S, Majeed, T, Lotfi, F, Kim, JE & Shon, HK 2013, 'Assessing the major factors affecting the performances of forward osmosis and its implications on the desalination process', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, vol. 231, pp. 484-496.
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This study evaluates the influence of some of the major factors affecting the performances of forward osmosis (FO) desalination and assessed their potential implications on the overall process. The major factors assessed include membrane properties, draw solution (DS) properties, feed solution (FS) properties and the operating conditions. The influence of the membrane properties was evaluated using three types of membranes and in doing so we have also introduced one newly synthesized proprietary thin film composite FO (TFC-FO) membrane. The performances of TFC-FO membrane in terms of water flux and reverse solute flux were significantly higher than the commercial cellulose triacetate FO membrane and TFC reverse osmosis membrane in FO process. Although adequate osmotic pressure of DS is desirable for FO process, the influence of DS osmotic pressure was less significant at higher DS osmotic pressure and therefore selecting an optimum initial osmotic pressure is essential for FO process to minimize pumping energy. A critical DS concentration has been hypothesized to minimize the implications of DS concentrations on the capital and operational cost of the FO desalination plant. Total dissolved solids (TDS) of the FS play a significant role in the performance of FO process however the influence of feed TDS was less significant for feed higher than 20,000. mg/L indicating that FO has a promising potential for use with high TDS feed water. Although, water flux decreased, the reverse solute flux (RSF) and specific RSF also decreased slightly at higher feed TDS. For operating parameters, the influence of crossflow velocity and the crossflow direction was also investigated. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Pirasteh, S, Pradhan, B, Safari, HO & Ramli, MF 2013, 'Coupling of DEM and remote-sensing-based approaches for semi-automated detection of regional geostructural features in Zagros mountain, Iran', Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 91-99.
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Pourghasemi, H, Pradhan, B, Gokceoglu, C & Moezzi, KD 2013, 'A comparative assessment of prediction capabilities of Dempster–Shafer and Weights-of-evidence models in landslide susceptibility mapping using GIS', Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 93-118.
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POURGHASEMI, HR, JIRANDEH, AG, PRADHAN, B, XU, C & GOKCEOGLU, C 2013, 'Landslide susceptibility mapping using support vector machine and GIS at the Golestan Province, Iran', Journal of Earth System Science, vol. 122, no. 2, pp. 349-369.
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Pourghasemi, HR, Pradhan, B, Gokceoglu, C, Mohammadi, M & Moradi, HR 2013, 'Application of weights-of-evidence and certainty factor models and their comparison in landslide susceptibility mapping at Haraz watershed, Iran', Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 2351-2365.
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Power, R, Reid, JP, Anand, S, McGloin, D, Almohammedi, A, Mistry, NS & Hudson, AJ 2013, 'Correction to “Observation of the Binary Coalescence and Equilibration of Micrometer-Sized Droplets of Aqueous Aerosol in a Single-Beam Gradient-Force Optical Trap”', The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol. 117, no. 2, pp. 524-524.
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Pradhan, B 2013, 'A comparative study on the predictive ability of the decision tree, support vector machine and neuro-fuzzy models in landslide susceptibility mapping using GIS', Computers & Geosciences, vol. 51, pp. 350-365.
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Pugh, E, Thommandram, A, Ng, E, Mcgregor, C, Eklund, M, Narang, I, Belik, J & James, A 2013, 'Classifying neonatal spells using real-time temporal analysis of physiological data streams—algorithm development', Journal of Critical Care, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. e9-e9.
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Pugh, JE, Thommandram, A, McGregor, C, Eklund, M & James, A 2013, 'Classifying neonatal spells using real-time temporal analysis of physiological data streams—verification tests', Journal of Critical Care, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. e40-e41.
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Qadir, A, Mokhtar, M, Khalilpour, R, Milani, D, Vassallo, A, Chiesa, M & Abbas, A 2013, 'Potential for solar-assisted post-combustion carbon capture in Australia', APPLIED ENERGY, vol. 111, no. C, pp. 175-185.
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A techno-economic analysis has been performed for a coal-fired power plant retrofitted with Solvent-based Post-combustion Carbon Capture (PCC) technology which is partially supplied with thermal energy by solar thermal collectors. The plant is compared with a generic PCC plant where all the thermal energy is provided by steam bled from the steam cycle. The individual merits of a suite of solar collector technologies which includes Flat Plate Collectors (FPCs), Compound Parabolic Collectors (CPCs), Linear Fresnel Collectors (LFCs), Evacuated Tube Collectors (ETCs) and Parabolic Trough Collectors (PTCs) to supply thermal energy for the PCC plant have been studied. The plant has been simulated for three different locations in Australia: Sydney, Townsville and Melbourne. The overall system consists of three subsystems: power plant, PCC plant and solar collector field. A base case scenario is studied in which there is no heat integration between the three subsystems and is compared to a system with heat integration. Additionally incentives such as Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs), carbon tax/credits and government subsidies have been added to the economic model and a sensitivity analysis performed for each scenario of incentives for all five solar collector technologies at the three locations. The ETC case performs best amongst solar collectors when the three subsystems have heat integration while PTCs perform best in the case with no heat integration. The best location for the solar-assisted PCC (SPCC) plant is Townsville. It was found that the addition of the solar field reduces the carbon tax in order to make carbon capture and storage viable in comparison with a conventional non-capturing coal fired plant.

Qi Mao & Tsang, IW-H 2013, 'Efficient Multitemplate Learning for Structured Prediction', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 248-261.
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Conditional random fields (CRF) and structural support vector machines (structural SVM) are two state-of-the-art methods for structured prediction that captures the interdependencies among output variables. The success of these methods is attributed to the fact that their discriminative models are able to account for overlapping features on all input observations. These features are usually generated by applying a given set of templates on labeled data, but improper templates may lead to degraded performance. To alleviate this issue, in this paper we propose a novel multiple template learning paradigm to learn structured prediction and the importance of each template simultaneously, so that hundreds of arbitrary templates could be added into the learning model without caution. This paradigm can be formulated as a special multiple kernel learning problem with an exponential number of constraints. Then we introduce an efficient cutting-plane algorithm to solve this problem in the primal and present its convergence. We also evaluate the proposed learning paradigm on two widely studied structured prediction tasks, i.e., sequence labeling and dependency parsing. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms CRFs and structural SVMs because of exploiting the importance of each template. Complexity analysis and empirical results also show that the proposed method is more efficient than Online multikernel learning on very sparse and high-dimensional data. We further extend this paradigm for structured prediction using generalized p-block norm regularization with p >; 1, and experiments show competitive performances when p ? [1,2)

Qi Mao, Tsang, IW-H & Shenghua Gao 2013, 'Objective-Guided Image Annotation', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1585-1597.
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Automatic image annotation, which is usually formulated as a multi-label classification problem, is one of the major tools used to enhance the semantic understanding of web images. Many multimedia applications (e.g., tag-based image retrieval) can greatly benefit from image annotation. However, the insufficient performance of image annotation methods prevents these applications from being practical. On the other hand, specific measures are usually designed to evaluate how well one annotation method performs for a specific objective or application, but most image annotation methods do not consider optimization of these measures, so that they are inevitably trapped into suboptimal performance of these objective-specific measures. To address this issue, we first summarize a variety of objective-guided performance measures under a unified representation. Our analysis reveals that macro-averaging measures are very sensitive to infrequent keywords, and hamming measure is easily affected by skewed distributions. We then propose a unified multi-label learning framework, which directly optimizes a variety of objective-specific measures of multi-label learning tasks. Specifically, we first present a multilayer hierarchical structure of learning hypotheses for multi-label problems based on which a variety of loss functions with respect to objective-guided measures are defined

Qiao, M, Cheng, H, Qin, L, Yu, JX, Yu, PS & Chang, L 2013, 'Computing weight constraint reachability in large networks', VLDB JOURNAL, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 275-294.
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Reachability is a fundamental problem on large-scale networks emerging nowadays in various application domains, such as social networks, communication networks, biological networks, road networks, etc. It has been studied extensively. However, little existing work has studied reachability with realistic constraints imposed on graphs with real-valued edge or node weights. In fact, such weights are very common in many real-world networks, for example, the bandwidth of a link in communication networks, the reliability of an interaction between two proteins in PPI networks, and the handling capacity of a warehouse/storage point in a distribution network. In this paper, we formalize a new yet important reachability query in weighted undirected graphs, called weight constraint reachability (WCR) query that asks: is there a path between nodes a and b, on which each real-valued edge (or node) weight satisfies a range constraint. We discover an interesting property of WCR, based on which, we design a novel edge-based index structure to answer the WCR query in O(1) time. Furthermore, we consider the case when the index cannot entirely fit in the memory, which can be very common for emerging massive networks. An I/O-efficient index is proposed, which provides constant I/O (precisely four I/Os) query time with O({pipe}V{pipe} log {pipe}V{pipe}) disk-based index size. Extensive experimental studies on both real and synthetic datasets demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of our solutions in answering the WCR query. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Qin, P-Y, Guo, YJ & Ding, C 2013, 'A Beam Switching Quasi-Yagi Dipole Antenna', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 61, no. 10, pp. 4891-4899.
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A high gain beam switching pattern reconfigurable quasi-Yagi dipole antenna is presented for wireless local area network (WLAN) systems at 5.2 GHz. The antenna consists of a microstrip-to-coplanar stripline (CPS) balun, the length of which can be controlled by using PIN diodes. The change of the length of the balun allows the currents on the two arms of the dipole to have different phase differences, thereby making the antenna operate at three states with the E-plane maximum beam direction towards 20°, -20°, and 0°, respectively. In order to validate the design method, a prototype of the proposed antenna with a practical biasing network was fabricated and measured. Measured results on the reflection coefficients, radiation patterns, and realized gains for three operating states are provided, which agree well with the numerical simulations. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

Qin, P-Y, Guo, YJ & Ding, C 2013, 'A Dual-Band Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna for WLAN Systems', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 5706-5713.
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A new microstrip dual-band polarization reconfigurable antenna is presented for wireless local area network (WLAN) systems operating at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz. The antenna consists of a square microstrip patch that is aperture coupled to a microstrip line located along the diagonal line of the patch. The dual-band operation is realized by employing the TM10 and TM30 modes of the patch antenna. Four shorting posts are inserted into the patch to adjust the frequency ratio of the two modes. The center of each edge of the patch is connected to ground via a PIN diode for polarization switching. By switching between the different states of PIN diodes, the proposed antenna can radiate either horizontal, vertical, or 45° linear polarization in the two frequency bands. Measured results on reflection coefficients and radiation patterns agree well with numerical simulations. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

Qu, Z, Wang, J, Xu, M & Lu, H 2013, 'Context-Aware Video Retargeting via Graph Model', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 1677-1687.
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Video retargeting is a crowded but challenging research area. In order to maximally comfort the viewers' watching experience, the most challenging issue is how to retain the spatial shape of important objects while ensure temporal smoothness and coherence. Existing retargeting techniques deal with these spatialoral requirements individually, which preserve the spatial geometry and temporal coherence for each region. However, the spatialoral property of the video content should be context-relevant, i.e., the regions belonging to the same object are supposed to undergo uniform spatialoral transformation. Regardless of the contextual information, the divide-and-rule strategy of existing techniques usually incurs various spatialoral artifacts. In order to achieve satisfactory spatialoral coherent video retargeting, in this paper, a novel context-aware solution is proposed via graph model. First, we employ a grid-based warping framework to preserve the spatial structure and temporal motion trend at the unit of grid cell. Second, we propose a graph-based motion layer partition algorithm to estimate motions of different regions, which simultaneously provides the evaluation of contextual relationship between grid cells while estimating the motions of regions. Third, complementing the salience-based spatialoral information preservation, two novel context constraints are encoded for encouraging the grid cells of the same object to undergo uniform spatial and temporal transformation, respectively. Finally, we formulate the objective function as a quadratic programming problem. Our method achieves a satisfactory spatialoral coherence while maximally avoiding the influence of artifacts. In addition, the grid-cell-wise motion estimation could be calculated every few frames, which obviously improves the speed. Experimental results and comparisons with state-of-the-art methods demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach. © 2013 IEEE.

Qumer Gill, A & Bunker, D 2013, 'Towards the development of a cloud‐based communication technologies assessment tool', VINE, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 57-77.
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PurposeIn distributed adaptive development environments (DADE), a primary concern is that of human communication and knowledge sharing among developers. Developers' task performance will be enhanced when their task needs are aligned with the communication media or technology capabilities of the development environment. What are actual communication needs of developers; and how do we enable developers to self‐assess and select appropriate communication technology for their tasks in the DADE. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and present research based on the developers' needs for communication technologies in the context of DADE.Design/methodology/approachThe authors applied an exploratory qualitative research method to investigate, analyze and integrate survey information sourced from 40 developers, to identify their communication technology needs and, based on this information, the authors then set up a practical tool – communication technologies assessment tool (CTAT) to assist developers in the self‐assessment and selection of appropriate communication technologies for their DADE; and also to share this assessment knowledge with other developers or teams located in various DADEs.FindingsThe results of this research suggest that an effective CTAT should be an integral part of the DADE; and a DADE should have a “single source of information” in order to avoid possible communication inconsistencies and ambiguities.Originality/valueThe study results and the resultant CTAT may help developers to make...

Radmanesh, N & Burnett, IS 2013, 'Generation of Isolated Wideband Sound Fields Using a Combined Two-stage Lasso-LS Algorithm', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUDIO SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 378-387.
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Rahman, SMA, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Abedin, MJ, Sanjid, A & Sajjad, H 2013, 'Impact of idling on fuel consumption and exhaust emissions and available idle-reduction technologies for diesel vehicles – A review', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 74, pp. 171-182.
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Rahman, SMA, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Abedin, MJ, Sanjid, A & Sajjad, H 2013, 'Production of palm and Calophyllum inophyllum based biodiesel and investigation of blend performance and exhaust emission in an unmodified diesel engine at high idling conditions', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 76, pp. 362-367.
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Raj Pant, H, Pant, B, Joo Kim, H, Amarjargal, A, Hee Park, C, Tijing, LD, Kyo Kim, E & Sang Kim, C 2013, 'A green and facile one-pot synthesis of Ag–ZnO/RGO nanocomposite with effective photocatalytic activity for removal of organic pollutants', Ceramics International, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 5083-5091.
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In this study, Ag-ZnO/reduced graphene oxide (Ag-ZnO/RGO) composite was synthesized by a green and facile one-step hydrothermal process. Aqueous suspension containing Ag and ZnO precursors with graphene oxide (GO) sheets was heated at 140 °C for 2 h. The morphology and structure of as-synthesized particles were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy which revealed the formation of composite of metal, metal oxide and RGO. It was observed that the presence of Ag precursor and GO sheets in the hydrothermal solution could sufficiently decrease the size of ZnO flowers. The hybrid nanostructure, with unique morphology, obtained from this convenient method (low temperature, less time, and less number of reagents) was found to have good photocatalytic and antibacterial activity. The perfect recovery of catalyst after reaction and its unchanged efficiency for cyclic use showed that it will be an economically and environmentally friendly photocatalyst. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

Ran, NHM, Yuliati, L, Lee, SL, Mahlia, TMI & Nur, H 2013, 'Liquid–gas boundary catalysis by using gold/polystyrene-coated hollow titania', Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 394, pp. 490-497.
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Rashid, U, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, HH 2013, 'Relay Beamforming Designs in Multi-User Wireless Relay Networks Based on Throughput Maximin Optimization', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 1739-1749.
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Beamforming design for multi-user wireless relay networks under the criterion of maximin information throughput is an important but also very hard optimization problem due to its nonconvex nature. The existing approach to reformulate the design as a matrix rank-one constrained optimization problem is highly inefficient. This paper exploits the d.c. (difference of two convex functions) structure of the objective function and the convex structure of the constraints in such a global optimization problem to develop efficient iterative algorithms of very low complexity to find the solutions. Both cases of concurrent and orthogonal transmissions from sources to relays are considered. Numerical results indicate that the proposed algorithms provide solutions that are very close to the upper bound on the solution of the non-orthogonal source transmissions case and are almost equal to the optimal solution of the orthogonal source transmissions case. This demonstrates the ability of the developed algorithms to locate approximations close to the global optimal solutions in a few iterations. Moreover, the proposed methods are superior to other methods in both performance and computation complexity.

Regmi, AD, Yoshida, K, Nagata, H, Pradhan, AMS, Pradhan, B & Pourghasemi, HR 2013, 'The relationship between geology and rock weathering on the rock instability along Mugling–Narayanghat road corridor, Central Nepal Himalaya', Natural Hazards, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 501-532.
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Rehman, ZU, Hussain, FK & Hussain, OK 2013, 'Frequency-based similarity measure for multimedia recommender systems', MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 95-102.
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Personalized recommendation has become a pivotal aspect of online marketing and e-commerce as a means of overcoming the information overload problem. There are several recommendation techniques but collaborative recommendation is the most effective and widely used technique. It relies on either item-based or user-based nearest neighborhood algorithms which utilize some kind of similarity measure to assess the similarity between different users or items for generating the recommendations. In this paper, we present a new similarity measure which is based on rating frequency and compare its performance with the current most commonly used similarity measures. The applicability and use of this similarity measure from the perspective of multimedia content recommendation is presented and discussed

Reidsema, CA, Hadgraft, R, Cameron, I & King, R 2013, 'Change strategies for educational transformation', Australasian Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 101-108.
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The authors present a position paper suggesting that while there is evidence for change within engineering curricula towards best practice, there are significant barriers primarily at the operational level, which bring into question the likelihood of more widespread adoption of hard won gains. It is argued that transformational change is required which (i) alters the culture of the institution by changing select underlying assumptions and institutional behaviours, processes, and products; (ii) is deep and pervasive, affecting the whole institution; (iii) is intentional; and (iv) occurs over time (Kezar & Eckel, 2002). It is also argued that change leadership of this nature must be distributed, not solely laid at the feet of Deans and Vice Chancellors. A strategy for change is presented based on observations and evidence from the Australian Learning and Teaching Council (ALTC) project "Design based curriculum reform within engineering education" and the recently completed ALTC Discipline Scholars' Survey of Engineering Academics grounded in the research for transformational change within businesses, universities and teaching and learning. This model for change proposes the development of a network of change agents built on a brokerage model to improve best practice and leadership capacity through systematically and directly engaging with the strategic/tactical and operational levels of engineering faculties

Remenyi, J, van den Bosch, MWM, Palygin, O, Mistry, RB, McKenzie, C, Macdonald, A, Hutvagner, G, Arthur, JSC, Frenguelli, BG & Pankratov, Y 2013, 'miR-132/212 Knockout Mice Reveal Roles for These miRNAs in Regulating Cortical Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity', PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. e62509-e62509.
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miR-132 and miR-212 are two closely related miRNAs encoded in the same intron of a small non-coding gene, which have been suggested to play roles in both immune and neuronal function. We describe here the generation and initial characterisation of a miR-132/212 double knockout mouse. These mice were viable and fertile with no overt adverse phenotype. Analysis of innate immune responses, including TLR-induced cytokine production and IFNβ induction in response to viral infection of primary fibroblasts did not reveal any phenotype in the knockouts. In contrast, the loss of miR-132 and miR-212, while not overtly affecting neuronal morphology, did affect synaptic function. In both hippocampal and neocortical slices miR-132/212 knockout reduced basal synaptic transmission, without affecting paired-pulse facilitation. Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by tetanic stimulation was not affected by miR-132/212 deletion, whilst theta burst LTP was enhanced. In contrast, neocortical theta burst-induced LTP was inhibited by loss of miR-132/212. Together these results indicate that miR-132 and/or miR-212 play a significant role in synaptic function, possibly by regulating the number of postsynaptic AMPA receptors under basal conditions and during activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. © 2013 Remenyi et al.

Rismanchi, B, Saidur, R, Masjuki, HH & Mahlia, TMI 2013, 'Modeling and simulation to determine the potential energy savings by implementing cold thermal energy storage system in office buildings', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 75, pp. 152-161.
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Rizwanul Fattah, IM, Masjuki, HH, Liaquat, AM, Ramli, R, Kalam, MA & Riazuddin, VN 2013, 'Impact of various biodiesel fuels obtained from edible and non-edible oils on engine exhaust gas and noise emissions', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 18, pp. 552-567.
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Rofael, R & Kang, K 2013, 'Use of Micro Blogging Services in Mass Emergency Situations in Different Countries', Journal of Internet Social Networking and Virtual Communities, vol. 2012, no. ID 748268, pp. 1-10.
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This paper presents how people use the Micro blogging (MB) services in emergency situations, and proposing a methodology for investigating if and how cultural differences affect communications broadcasted by people who were on the ground during emergency events. This paper addresses issues of the attributes in micro-blog posts generated during different emergency situations, and the recent political incidents in Syria, Libya, and Egypt are examined, analyzed, and studied in depth detail. The current investigation, approach and methodology were described. The method will help to build for the future awareness detection in social networks. MB services through Social Networking (SN) sites by people in different countries are a common communication channel.

Roohani-Esfahani, SI, Dunstan, CR, Li, JJ, Lu, Z, Davies, B, Pearce, S, Field, J, Williams, R & Zreiqat, H 2013, 'Unique microstructural design of ceramic scaffolds for bone regeneration under load', Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 7014-7024.
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During the past two decades, research on ceramic scaffolds for bone regeneration has progressed rapidly; however, currently available porous scaffolds remain unsuitable for load-bearing applications. The key to success is to apply microstructural design strategies to develop ceramic scaffolds with mechanical properties approaching those of bone. Here we report on the development of a unique microstructurally designed ceramic scaffold, strontium-hardystonite-gahnite (Sr-HT-gahnite), with 85% porosity, 500μm pore size, a competitive compressive strength of 4.1±0.3MPa and a compressive modulus of 170±20MPa. The in vitro biocompatibility of the scaffolds was studied using primary human bone-derived cells. The ability of Sr-HT-gahnite scaffolds to repair critical-sized bone defects was also investigated in a rabbit radius under normal load, with β-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite scaffolds used in the control group. Studies with primary human osteoblast cultures confirmed the bioactivity of these scaffolds, and regeneration of rabbit radial critical defects demonstrated that this material induces new bone defect bridging, with clear evidence of regeneration of original radial architecture and bone marrow environment.

Ross, P & Blumenstein, M 2013, 'Cloud computing: the nexus of strategy and technology', Journal of Business Strategy, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 39-47.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of Cloud technologies on management practices and business strategies. It considers the role of human resource management (HRM) departments in supporting the organisational changes required for the introduction and integration of Cloud business strategies.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a qualitative exploratory research approach. It utilises the resource view of the firm and transaction costs economics (TCE) to support the analysis. It synthesises the literature with the qualitative interview data.FindingsCloud business models require organisations to focus on the nexus of business strategies and information and communication technology (ICT) capabilities. HRM departments can play a positive role in this process by better integrating ICT sections into business decision‐making processes. Cloud technologies may further change ICT worker functions and roles.Research limitations/implicationsQualitative research approaches may limit the generality of the findings. However they allowed for an in‐depth analysis of complex Cloud related data that quantitative approaches may not have elicited.Practical implicationsThe paper outlines a strategic “holistic” approach for organisations shifting to Cloud‐based business models.Social implications

Roy, NK, Pota, HR & Hossain, MJ 2013, 'Reactive power management of distribution networks with wind generation for improving voltage stability', Renewable Energy, vol. 58, pp. 85-94.
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Roy, NK, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA & Hossain, MJ 2013, 'Key factors affecting voltage oscillations of distribution networks with distributed generation and induction motor loads', International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 53, pp. 515-528.
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Ruelo, MTG, Tijing, LD, Amarjargal, A, Park, C-H, Kim, HJ, Pant, HR, Lee, DH & Kim, CS 2013, 'Assessing the effect of catalytic materials on the scaling of carbon steel', Desalination, vol. 313, pp. 189-198.
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The present study investigated the efficacy of catalytic materials, i.e., tourmaline, zinc and aluminum, in mitigating calcium carbonate scaling of carbon steel material. Artificial hard water (480 ± 20 mg/l) was used to re-circulate in the system loop for 3 days of fouling test. Tests were carried out at various solution temperatures (27, 40, and 70 °C) and flow rates (800, 1200, and 1600 ml/min). Different measurements and characterization methods were carried out. The results showed consistently lower deposition of scales when the catalytic materials were incorporated in the system (i.e., treatment case), with as much as 21% reduction compared to the no-treatment case, depending on the solution temperature and flow rate. There was more corrosion activity observed in the no-treatment case compared to the treatment case. Furthermore, the scales at the no-treatment case showed pointed, sea-urchin-like structure, while those of the treatment case were dull, star-like structures and with thicker crystals than those at no-treatment case. In this study, we have shown the potential of catalytic materials in reducing scaling formation on non-heated carbon steel surface.

Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Indraratna, B 2013, 'Current state of the art in vacuum preloading for stabilising soft soil', Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 77-87.
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In this paper the analytical solutions for radial consolidation that include time dependent surcharge loading and vacuum pressure are proposed, whilst also considering the impact of the parabolic variation of permeability in the smear zone. The use of the spectral method for multilayered soil consolidation is introduced and verified. The Elliptical Cavity Expansion Theory is used to predict the extent of soil disturbance (smear zone) caused by the installation of mandrel driven vertical drains. The predicted smear zone is then compared to the data obtained from large-scale radial consolidation tests. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of applying a vacuum through vertical drains are discussed using the proposed solutions. The vacuum pressure applied generates a negative pore water pressure that increases the effective stress within the soil, which leads to an accelerated consolidation. Vacuum pressure is modelled as a distributed negative pressure (suction) along the length of the drain and across the surface of the soil. Analytical and numerical analyses that incorporate the Authors' equivalent plane strain solution are conducted to predict the excess pore pressures, lateral and vertical displacement. The application of the theoretical models for selected case histories at the site of the 2nd Bangkok International Airport and the Port of Brisbane, are discussed and analysed. The predictions are compared with the available field data and show that the proposed model can be confidently used to predict the performance with acceptable accuracy through rigorous mathematical modelling and numerical analysis. The research findings verify that the role of the smear zone and vacuum distribution can significantly affect the consolidation of soil, but these aspects need to be modelled appropriately to obtain reliable.

RUJIKIATKAMJORN, C, ARDANA, MDW, INDRARATNA, B & LEROUEIL, S 2013, 'Conceptual model describing smear zone caused by mandrel action', Géotechnique, vol. 63, no. 16, pp. 1377-1388.
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In this study the characteristics and extent of the smear zone are investigated using a large, undisturbed sample. The aim of using such a sample is to capture the realistic characteristics of the smear zone in relation to the in situ soil structure during the installation of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) using a mandrel. The extent of the smear zone for Bulli clay (New South Wales, Australia) is determined on the basis of normalised permeability (kh/khu) and the reduction in the water content upon consolidation. The permeability and compressibility of the soil are investigated to determine the extent to which the soil surrounding the PVD has become disturbed. In laboratory testing, the soil consolidation behaviour due to a PVD is studied using a large-scale consolidometer apparatus. The numerical results have shown that the writers' solutions give excellent agreement with laboratory observations.

Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Indraratna, B & Chiaro, G 2013, 'Compaction of coal wash to optimise its utilisation as water-front reclamation fill', Geomechanics and Geoengineering, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 36-45.
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The coal mining industry in and around Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia, is responsible for producing an ever growing quantity of coal washery reject materials and other mine waste aggregates. Considerable effort is being undertaken to reuse, beneficially, these waste products in the immediate suburbs of Wollongong. In this paper, detailed laboratory investigations carried out on coal wash (i.e. coarse coal washery reject), produced at Dendrobium coal mine near Wollongong, are presented. Geotechnical tests were conducted to determine the particle size distribution, compaction characteristics, shear resistance and collapse potential. Compaction tests were performed under dry and submerged conditions to examine comprehensively the compactability and the strength properties of coal wash. The laboratory tests show that, if properly compacted, Dendrobium coal wash has a good potential as effective low-porosity fill for embankments and port reclamation. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Ruppert, MG & Moheimani, SOR 2013, 'A novel self-sensing technique for tapping-mode atomic force microscopy', Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 84, no. 12, pp. 125006-125006.
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This work proposes a novel self-sensing tapping-mode atomic force microscopy operation utilizing charge measurement. A microcantilever coated with a single piezoelectric layer is simultaneously used for actuation and deflection sensing. The cantilever can be batch fabricated with existing micro electro mechanical system processes. The setup enables the omission of the optical beam deflection technique which is commonly used to measure the cantilever oscillation amplitude. Due to the high amount of capacitive feedthrough in the measured charge signal, a feedforward control technique is employed to increase the dynamic range from less than 1 dB to approximately 35 dB. Experiments show that the conditioned charge signal achieves excellent signal-to-noise ratio and can therefore be used as a feedback signal for atomic force microscopy imaging.

Saberi, M, Mirtalaie, MS, Hussain, FK, Azadeh, A, Hussain, OK & Ashjari, B 2013, 'A granular computing-based approach to credit scoring modeling', NEUROCOMPUTING, vol. 122, no. 1, pp. 100-115.
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The credit card industry has been growing rapidly and thus huge numbers of consumers' credit data are collected by the credit department of the banks. The credit scoring managers often evaluate the consumer's credit with intuitive experience. However, with the support of the credit classification models, the managers can accurately evaluate the applicants' credit score. In this study, a neurocomputing-based granular approach is proposed to model credit scoring. Granular computing is used to compute the size of training and testing groups. Artificial neural networks (ANN) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) are used to model credit lending decisions in the online and offline manner, respectively. Proposed method is composed of three distinct stages based on trust and credibility concept. Trust is introduced and modeled via ANN in online module. Also credibility is modeled via DEA in offline module in present study. This paper is a pioneer in examining the concept of granularity for selecting the optimum size of testing and training group in machine learning area. In addition, proposing flexible trust ranges comparing to the current constant ones will support the importance of customers with higher credit scores to financial markets. To show the applicability and superiority of the proposed algorithm, it is applied to a credit-card data set obtained from the UCI repository. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Saco, PM & Moreno‐de las Heras, M 2013, 'Ecogeomorphic coevolution of semiarid hillslopes: Emergence of banded and striped vegetation patterns through interaction of biotic and abiotic processes', Water Resources Research, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 115-126.
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Key PointsVegetation patterns strongly depend on feedbacks with coevolving landformsPatterns prescribed by relative rates of fluvial and diffusive erosion processesVegetation feedbacks alter sediment redistribution and emergent microtopography

Safari, HO, Pirasteh, S, Pradhan, B & Amid, H 2013, 'Geohazards analysis of Pisa tunnel in a fractured incompetent rocks in Zagros Mountains, Iran', Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1101-1112.
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Safavi-Naeini, M, Han, Z, Cutajar, D, Guatelli, S, Petasecca, M, Lerch, MLF, Franklin, DR, Jakubek, J, Pospisil, S, Bucci, J, Zaider, M & Rosenfeld, AB 2013, 'BrachyView, A novel inbody imaging system for HDR prostate brachytherapy: Design and Monte Carlo feasibility study', MEDICAL PHYSICS, vol. 40, no. 7.
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Samal, PB, Soh, PJ & Vandenbosch, GAE 2013, 'A SYSTEMATIC DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR MICROSTRIP-BASED UNIDIRECTIONAL UWB ANTENNAS', Progress In Electromagnetics Research, vol. 143, pp. 105-130.
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Samarin, A 2013, 'New method of pavement construction and encapsulation of hazardous wastes', Concrete in Australia, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 51-55.
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the difficulty of safe disposal of hazardous wastes and particularly of low and intermediate level radioactive wastes is well recognized. In most cases it involves relocation of waste from one residential or industrial site to another, which is usually located in close proximity to the built -up areas. The paper proposes a new method of 'highway construction-waste disposal' of hazardous wastes, which should guarantee not only a long term safe removal of harmful materials, but also a significant improvement in the long term maintenance with defect-free surfaces of highway pavements. The history and practical development of special high durable concrete is founded on the principle of thermodynamic systems far from equilibrium. It should ensure safe long term encapsulation of hazardous wastes, including low and intermediate level radioactive wastes. Although the initial cost of highway construction using this method is somewhat higher than the conventional technique, if the cost of waste disposal is taken into consideration, the total expenditure, in most cases, should be actually lower than the combined cost of individual construction and disposal.

Samarin, A 2013, 'Use of Concrete as a Biological Shield from Ionising Radiation', Energy and Environmental Engineering, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 90-97.
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The controversy over the use of nuclear energy fundamentally comes down to three main considerations: its safety of use, ability of nuclear energy generation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and finally its long term sustainability. The paper addressed the problem of safety in the industrial and medical use of nuclear energy, as it is affected by the design and construction of light and heavy weight concrete biological shields from ionising radiation.

San, PP, Ling, SH & Nguyen, HT 2013, 'Hybrid PSO-based variable translation wavelet neural network and its application to hypoglycemia detection system', NEURAL COMPUTING & APPLICATIONS, vol. 23, no. 7-8, pp. 2177-2184.
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To provide the detection of hypoglycemic episodes in Type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia detection system is developed by the use of variable translation wavelet neural network (VTWNN) in this paper. A wavelet neural network with variable translation

San, PP, Ling, SH & Nguyen, HT 2013, 'Industrial Application of Evolvable Block-Based Neural Network to Hypoglycemia Monitoring System', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 60, no. 12, pp. 5892-5901.
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Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is classified as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and it can be further classified as immune-mediated or idiopathic. It is dangerous and can result in unconsciousness, seizures, and even sudden death. The most common physiological parameters to be effected from a hypoglycemic reaction are heart rate and corrected QT interval of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Considering the correlation between physiological parameters of an ECG signal and the status of hypoglycemia, a noninvasive hypoglycemia monitoring system is tested and introduced by proposing a hybrid particle-swarm-optimization-based block-based neural network (BBNN) algorithm. The proposed BBNN model offers advantages over conventional neural networks by performing the simultaneous optimization of both structure and weights. The hybrid particle swarm optimization with wavelet mutation searches for optimized structure and network parameters through particle information over a search space. All the actual data sets of 15 T1DM children were collected at the Department of Health, Government of Western Australia. Several experiments showed that the proposed BBNN performed well in terms of better sensitivity and specificity.

Sanjid, A, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Rahman, SMA, Abedin, MJ & Palash, SM 2013, 'Impact of palm, mustard, waste cooking oil and Calophyllum inophyllum biofuels on performance and emission of CI engine', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 27, pp. 664-682.
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SAURET, E, SAHA, SC & GU, Y 2013, 'NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF PARTICLE DEPOSITION IN METAL FOAM HEAT EXCHANGERS', International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 02, no. 03n04, pp. 1350016-1350016.
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Australia is a high-potential country for geothermal power with reserves currently estimated in the tens of millions of petajoules, enough to power the nation for at least 1000 years at current usage. However, these resources are mainly located in isolated arid regions where water is scarce. Therefore, wet cooling systems for geothermal plants in Australia are the least attractive solution and thus air-cooled heat exchangers are preferred. In order to increase the efficiency of such heat exchangers, metal foams have been used. One issue raised by this solution is the fouling caused by dust deposition. In this case, the heat transfer characteristics of the metal foam heat exchanger can dramatically deteriorate. Exploring the particle deposition property in the metal foam exchanger becomes crucial. This paper is a numerical investigation aimed to address this issue. Two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulations of a standard one-row tube bundle wrapped with metal foam in cross-flow are performed and highlight preferential particle deposition areas.

Schneider, S, Bellmann, A, Fallböhmer, M, Sousanabady, RJ & Deuse, J 2013, 'Agiler Ansatz für eine globale Prozessplanung', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 108, no. 5, pp. 310-314.
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Kurzfassung In einer globalen Produktion erfolgt die Prozessplanung zumeist in verteilten Planungsteams. Die hierdurch entstehenden Anforderungen an den Planungsprozess sind eine gesteigerte Kommunikation, erhöhte Transparenz, reduzierte Komplexität sowie ein verstärkter Wissenstransfer. Als geeigneten Lösungsansatz stellt dieser Beitrag die neu entwickelte Methodik der Agilen Prozessplanung im Produktentstehungsprozess (APP) vor und beschreibt die Ergebnisse der Erprobung in der betrieblichen Praxis.

Schuba, C, Elsässer, G, Eickelmann, M & Deuse, J 2013, 'Investitionsermittlung für hochflexible Verbundfertigungssysteme', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 108, no. 6, pp. 421-425.
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Kurzfassung Auf Grund erhöhtem Zeit– und Kostendruck verlagern produzierende Unternehmen zunehmend die Planungsaktivitäten und -entscheidungen in die frühen Phasen der Produktentstehung. Insbesondere die stark wachsende Varianz und Komplexität von Produkten führt zu steigenden Anforderungen an die Gestaltung von Produktionssystemen. Eine wesentliche Komponente zur Unterstützung von Entscheidungsprozessen in der Produktentstehung ist die prospektive Ermittlung von Investitionskosten für die Integration neuer Varianten in bestehende Fertigungsstrukturen. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt eine Methodik zur Ermittlung von Investitionskosten in frühen Phasen der Produktentstehung.

Schwitter, BK, Parker, AE, Fattorini, AP, Mahon, SJ & Heimlich, MC 2013, 'Study of Gate Junction Temperature in GaAs pHEMTs Using Gate Metal Resistance Thermometry', IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. 60, no. 10, pp. 3358-3364.
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Seah, C-W, Ong, Y-S & Tsang, IW 2013, 'Combating Negative Transfer From Predictive Distribution Differences', IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 1153-1165.
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Domain adaptation (DA), which leverages labeled data from related source domains, comes in handy when the label information of the target domain is scarce or unavailable. However, as the source data do not come from the same origin as that of the target domain, the predictive distributions of the source and target domains are likely to differ in reality. At the extreme, the predictive distributions of the source domains can differ completely from that of the target domain. In such case, using the learned source classifier to assist in the prediction of target data can result in prediction performance that is poorer than that with the omission of the source data. This phenomenon is established as negative transfer with impact known to be more severe in the multiclass context. To combat negative transfer due to differing predictive distributions across domains, we first introduce the notion of positive transferability for the assessment of synergy between the source and target domains in their prediction models, and we also propose a criterion to measure the positive transferability between sample pairs of different domains in terms of their prediction distributions. With the new measure, a predictive distribution matching (PDM) regularizer and a PDM framework learn the target classifier by favoring source data with large positive transferability while inferring the labels of target unlabeled data. Extensive experiments are conducted to validate the performance efficacy of the proposed PDM framework using several commonly used multidomain benchmark data sets, including Sentiment, Reuters, and Newsgroup, in the context of both binary-class and multiclass domains

Seppelt, R, Bankamp, D, Voinov, AA & Rizzoli, A 2013, '6th International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software (iEMSs): “Managing Resources of a Limited Planet: Pathways and Visions under Uncertainty”: A congress report', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 43, pp. 160-162.
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Sezer, EA, Pradhan, B & Gokceoglu, C 2013, 'Erratum to: “Manifestation of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy model on landslide susceptibility mapping: Klang valley, Malaysia” [Expert Systems with Applications 38 (2011) 8208–8219]', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 2360-2360.
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Shafie, SM, Mahlia, TMI & Masjuki, HH 2013, 'Life cycle assessment of rice straw co-firing with coal power generation in Malaysia', Energy, vol. 57, pp. 284-294.
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Shahabuddin, M, Liaquat, AM, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA & Mofijur, M 2013, 'Ignition delay, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with biodiesel', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 21, pp. 623-632.
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Shannon, AG & Nguyen, HT 2013, 'Empirical approaches to the application of mathematical techniques in health technologies', International Journal Bioautomation, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 125-150.
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Mathematical modeling of ageing is built in this paper around research and development activities in cooperation with pharmaceutical companies and hospitals. The interaction of 'dirty data' with appropriate mathematical techniques is exemplified mainly with applications to health technologies in endocrinology and oncology. The emphasis is more on old techniques in new situations than on new techniques, though there are references to some novel approaches to modeling.

Shannon, AG, Cook, CK & Hillman, RA 2013, 'Some aspects of Fibonacci polynomial congruences', Annales Mathematicae et Informaticae, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 211-217.
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This paper formulates a definition of Fibonacci polynomials which is slightly different from the traditional definitions, but which is related to the classical polynomials of Bernoulli, Euler and Hermite. Some related congruence properties are developed and some unanswered questions are outlined.

Shekarchian, M, Zarifi, F, Moghavvemi, M, Motasemi, F & Mahlia, TMI 2013, 'Energy, exergy, environmental and economic analysis of industrial fired heaters based on heat recovery and preheating techniques', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 71, pp. 51-61.
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Sheng, D, Cui, L & Ansari, Y 2013, 'Interpretation of Cone Factor in Undrained Soils via Full-Penetration Finite-Element Analysis', International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 745-753.
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Sheng, D, Zhang, S & Yu, Z 2013, 'Unanswered questions in unsaturated soil mechanics', Science China Technological Sciences, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1257-1272.
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Sheng, D, Zhang, S, Yu, Z & Zhang, J 2013, 'Assessing frost susceptibility of soils using PCHeave', Cold Regions Science and Technology, vol. 95, pp. 27-38.
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Sheng, DC, Zhang, S & Li, X 2013, 'Effects of train loads on frost heave of embankments', Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 2186-2191.
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Substantial frost heave is observed in coarse fills in high-speed railway embankment. These coarse fills have very low water content and are located above the groundwater. In an attempt to explain the unexpected frost heave, it is proposed that the cyclic train loads cause the development of the excess pore water pressure in the underlying subgrade soils and hence 'pump' up the water to the frost front, which in turn feeds the formation of ice and results in continuous frost heave. A simple quantitative model is developed to simulate the pumping-enhanced frost heave. The numerical results show that the proposed mechanism can indeed provide a legitimate explanation for the otherwise unexpected frost heave. The engineering implications of this new frost heave mechanism are also discussed, in the context of designing frost heave mitigation measures in seasonally frozen regions.

Shenghua Gao, Tsang, IW & Liang-Tien Chia 2013, 'Sparse Representation With Kernels', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 423-434.
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Recent research has shown the initial success of sparse coding (Sc) in solving many computer vision tasks. Motivated by the fact that kernel trick can capture the nonlinear similarity of features, which helps in finding a sparse representation of nonlinear features, we propose kernel sparse representation (KSR). Essentially, KSR is a sparse coding technique in a high dimensional feature space mapped by an implicit mapping function. We apply KSR to feature coding in image classification, face recognition, and kernel matrix approximation. More specifically, by incorporating KSR into spatial pyramid matching (SPM), we develop KSRSPM, which achieves a good performance for image classification. Moreover, KSR-based feature coding can be shown as a generalization of efficient match kernel and an extension of Sc-based SPM. We further show that our proposed KSR using a histogram intersection kernel (HIK) can be considered a soft assignment extension of HIK-based feature quantization in the feature coding process. Besides feature coding, comparing with sparse coding, KSR can learn more discriminative sparse codes and achieve higher accuracy for face recognition. Moreover, KSR can also be applied to kernel matrix approximation in large scale learning tasks, and it demonstrates its robustness to kernel matrix approximation, especially when a small fraction of the data is used. Extensive experimental results demonstrate promising results of KSR in image classification, face recognition, and kernel matrix approximation. All these applications prove the effectiveness of KSR in computer vision and machine learning tasks.

Shi, L & Kodagoda, S 2013, 'Towards generalization of semi-supervised place classification over generalized Voronoi graph', Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol. 61, no. 8, pp. 785-796.
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With the progress of humanrobot interaction (HRI), the ability of a robot to perform high-level tasks in complex environments is fast becoming an essential requirement. To this end, it is desirable for a robot to understand the environment at both geometric and semantic levels. Therefore in recent years, research towards place classification has been gaining in popularity. After the era of heuristic and rulebased approaches, supervised learning algorithms have been extensively used for this purpose, showing satisfactory performance levels. However, most of those approaches have only been trained and tested in the same environments and thus impede a generalized solution. In this paper, we have proposed a semisupervised place classification over a generalized Voronoi graph (SPCoGVG) which is a semi-supervised learning framework comprised of three techniques: support vector machine (SVM), conditional random field (CRF) and generalized Voronoi graph (GVG), in order to improve the generalizability. The inherent problem of training CRF with partially labeled data has been solved using a novel parameter estimation algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated through extensive analysis of data collected in international university environments.

SHIMAZAKI, K, YOSHIZAWA, S, HATAKAWA, Y, MATSUMOTO, T, KONISHI, S & MIYANAGA, Y 2013, 'A VLSI Design of a Tomlinson-Harashima Precoder for MU-MIMO Systems Using Arrayed Pipelined Processing', IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, vol. E96.A, no. 11, pp. 2114-2119.
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Shon, HK, Phuntsho, S, Chaudhary, DS, Vigneswaran, S & Cho, J 2013, 'Nanofiltration for water and wastewater treatment – a mini review', Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 59-77.
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Abstract. The application of membrane technology in water and wastewater treatment is increasing due to stringent water quality standards. Nanofiltration (NF) is one of the widely used membrane processes for water and wastewater treatment in addition to other applications such as desalination. NF has replaced reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in many applications due to lower energy consumption and higher flux rates. This paper briefly reviews the application of NF for water and wastewater treatment including fundamentals of membrane process in general, mechanisms of NF process including few basic models. fouling challenges and their control mechanisms adopted.

Shon, HK, Phuntsho, S, Chaudhary, DS, Vigneswaran, S & Cho, J 2013, 'Nanofiltration for water and wastewater treatment – a mini review', Drinking Water Engineering and Science, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 47-53.
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Abstract. The application of membrane technology in water and wastewater treatment is increasing due to stringent water quality standards. Nanofiltration (NF) is one of the widely used membrane processes for water and wastewater treatment in addition to other applications such as desalination. NF has replaced reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in many applications due to lower energy consumption and higher flux rates. This paper briefly reviews the application of NF for water and wastewater treatment including fundamentals, mechanisms, fouling challenges and their controls.

Sick, N, Golembiewski, B & Leker, J 2013, 'The influence of raw material prices on renewables diffusion', Foresight, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 477-491.
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Purpose: There are several approaches trying to explain the diffusion of renewable energy technologies (RET). The most commonly used instruments are learning and experience curves, followed by further economic, policy- and barrier-related analyses. In order to gain a more comprehensive understanding, additional influence factors on RET diffusion have to be studied. This paper aims to contribute to research on RET diffusion by adding the raw material price perspective. Design/methodology/approach: The authors develop a regression model to test the influence of raw material prices on RET diffusion, using investments in RET capacities as indicators of diffusion, and crude oil and natural gas prices as well as public R&D subsidies as main independent variables. The model is then applied to emerging RET (wind and solar power) for electricity generation in 18 OECD-countries. Findings: In the case of wind power, the model shows an adequate fit and a highly significant impact of oil as well as gas prices on investments in RET capacity. In the case of solar power, the impact of raw material prices proves to be highly significant as well, but the weak model fit demands further adjustments of the parameters. Originality/value: Theoretical implications include the expansion of existing RET diffusion models to a raw material price component. From a practical point of view, the authors provide a starting basis for the systematic integration of raw material price developments into companies' planning and forecasting processes. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Siddiqa, S, Hossain, MA & Saha, SC 2013, 'Natural Convection Flow in a Strong Cross Magnetic Field With Radiation', Journal of Fluids Engineering, vol. 135, no. 5.
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The problem of magnetohydrodynamic natural convection boundary layer flow of an electrically conducting and optically dense gray viscous fluid along a heated vertical plate is analyzed in the presence of strong cross magnetic field with radiative heat transfer. In the analysis radiative heat flux is considered by adopting optically thick radiation limit. Attempt is made to obtain the solutions valid for liquid metals by taking Pr ≪1. Boundary layer equations are transformed in to a convenient dimensionless form by using stream function formulation (SFF) and primitive variable formulation (PVF). Nonsimilar equations obtained from SFF are then simulated by implicit finite difference (Keller-box) method whereas parabolic partial differential equations obtained from PVF are integrated numerically by hiring direct finite difference method over the entire range of local Hartmann parameter, ξ. Further, asymptotic solutions are also obtained for large and small values of local Hartmann parameter ξ. A favorable agreement is found between the results for small, large and all values of ξ. Numerical results are also demonstrated graphically by showing the effect of various physical parameters on shear stress, rate of heat transfer, velocity, and temperature.

Siddiqa, S, Hossain, MA & Saha, SC 2013, 'Natural Convection Flow with Surface Radiation Along a Vertical Wavy Surface', Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, vol. 64, no. 5, pp. 400-415.
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Silakhori, M, Naghavi, M, Metselaar, H, Mahlia, T, Fauzi, H & Mehrali, M 2013, 'Accelerated Thermal Cycling Test of Microencapsulated Paraffin Wax/Polyaniline Made by Simple Preparation Method for Solar Thermal Energy Storage', Materials, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 1608-1620.
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Microencapsulated paraffin wax/polyaniline was prepared using a simple in situ polymerization technique, and its performance characteristics were investigated. Weight losses of samples were determined by Thermal Gravimetry Analysis (TGA). The microencapsulated samples with 23% and 49% paraffin showed less decomposition after 330 °C than with higher percentage of paraffin. These samples were then subjected to a thermal cycling test. Thermal properties of microencapsulated paraffin wax were evaluated by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). Structure stability and compatibility of core and coating materials were also tested by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), and the surface morphology of the samples are shown by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). It has been found that the microencapsulated paraffin waxes show little change in the latent heat of fusion and melting temperature after one thousand thermal recycles. Besides, the chemical characteristics and structural profile remained constant after one thousand thermal cycling tests. Therefore, microencapsulated paraffin wax/polyaniline is a stable material that can be used for thermal energy storage systems.

Silitonga, AS, Masjuki, HH, Mahlia, TMI, Ong, HC & Chong, WT 2013, 'Experimental study on performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with Ceiba pentandra biodiesel blends', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 76, pp. 828-836.
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Silitonga, AS, Masjuki, HH, Mahlia, TMI, Ong, HC, Atabani, AE & Chong, WT 2013, 'A global comparative review of biodiesel production from jatropha curcas using different homogeneous acid and alkaline catalysts: Study of physical and chemical properties', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 24, pp. 514-533.
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Silitonga, AS, Masjuki, HH, Mahlia, TMI, Ong, HC, Chong, WT & Boosroh, MH 2013, 'Overview properties of biodiesel diesel blends from edible and non-edible feedstock', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 22, pp. 346-360.
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Silitonga, AS, Ong, HC, Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH & Chong, WT 2013, 'Characterization and production of Ceiba pentandra biodiesel and its blends', Fuel, vol. 108, pp. 855-858.
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Silitonga, AS, Ong, HC, Masjuki, HH, Mahlia, TMI, Chong, WT & Yusaf, TF 2013, 'Production of biodiesel from Sterculia foetida and its process optimization', Fuel, vol. 111, pp. 478-484.
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Skinner, B, Yuan, S, Huang, S, Liu, D, Cai, B, Dissanayake, G, Lau, H, Bott, A & Pagac, D 2013, 'Optimisation for job scheduling at automated container terminals using genetic algorithm', COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 511-523.
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Abstract This paper presents a genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimisation approach to improve container handling operations at the Patrick AutoStrad container terminal located in Brisbane Australia. In this paper we focus on scheduling for container transfers and encode the problem using a two-part chromosome approach which is then solved using a modified genetic algorithm. In simulation experiments, the performance of the GA-based approach and a sequential job scheduling method are evaluated and compared with different scheduling scenarios. The experimental results show that the GA-based approach can find better solutions which improve the overall performance. The GA-based approach has been implemented in the terminal scheduling system and the live testing results show that the GA-based approach can reduce the overall time-related cost of container transfers at the automated container terminal. Crown Copyright © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sleap, SB, Turner, BD, Krabbenhøft, K & Sloan, SW 2013, 'Effects of pCO2 on the Removal of Fluoride from Wastewater by Calcite', Journal of Environmental Engineering, vol. 139, no. 8, pp. 1053-1061.
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Sobala, A & Hutvagner, G 2013, 'Small RNAs derived from the 5′ end of tRNA can inhibit protein translation in human cells', RNA Biology, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 553-563.
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Recently, it has been shown that tRNA molecules can be processed into small RNAs that are derived from both the 5′ and 3′ termini. To date, the function of these tRNA fragments (tRFs) derived from the 5′ end of tRNAs has not been investigated in depth. We present evidence that conserved residues in tRNAs, present in all 5′ tRFs, can inhibit the process of protein translation without the need for complementary target sites in the mRNA. These results implicate 5′ tRFs in a new mechanism of gene regulation by small RNAs in human cells. © 2013 Landes Bioscience.

Soh, PJ, Van den Bergh, B, Xu, H, Aliakbarian, H, Farsi, S, Samal, P, Vandenbosch, GAE, Schreurs, DMM-P & Nauwelaers, BKJC 2013, 'A smart wearable textile array system for biomedical telemetry applications', IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 2253-2261.
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Sojoudi, A & C. Saha, S 2013, 'Shear Thinning and Shear Thickening Non- Newtonian Confined Fluid Flow over Rotating Cylinder', American Journal of Fluid Dynamics, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 117-121.
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Sojoudi, A, Saha, SC, Gu, YT & Hossain, MA 2013, 'Steady Natural Convection of Non-Newtonian Power-Law Fluid in a Trapezoidal Enclosure', Advances in Mechanical Engineering, vol. 5, pp. 653108-653108.
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Numerical investigation of free convection heat transfer in a differentially heated trapezoidal cavity filled with non-Newtonian Power-law fluid has been performed in this study. The left inclined surface is uniformly heated whereas the right inclined surface is maintained as uniformly cooled. The top and bottom surfaces are kept adiabatic with initially quiescent fluid inside the enclosure. Finite-volume-based commercial software FLUENT 14.5 is used to solve the governing equations. Dependency of various flow parameters of fluid flow and heat transfer is analyzed including Rayleigh number (Ra) ranging from 105 to 107, Prandtl number (Pr) from 100 to 10,000, and power-law index ( n) from 0.6 to 1.4. Outcomes have been reported in terms of isotherms, streamlines, and local Nusselt number for various Ra, Pr, n, and inclined angles. Grid sensitivity analysis is performed and numerically obtained results have been compared with those results available in the literature and were in good agreement.

Song, J, Yang, Y, Huang, Z, Shen, HT & Luo, J 2013, 'Effective Multiple Feature Hashing for Large-Scale Near-Duplicate Video Retrieval', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 1997-2008.
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Soohwan Kim & Jonghyuk Kim 2013, 'Occupancy Mapping and Surface Reconstruction Using Local Gaussian Processes With Kinect Sensors', IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 1335-1346.
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Stahl, F, Gabrys, B, Gaber, MM & Berendsen, M 2013, 'An overview of interactive visual data mining techniques for knowledge discovery', WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 239-256.
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In the past decade, the analysis of data has faced the challenge of dealing with very large and complex datasets and the real‐time generation of data. Technologies to store and access these complex and large datasets are in place. However, robust and scalable analysis technologies are needed to extract meaningful information from these datasets. The research field of Information Visualization and Visual Data Analytics addresses this need. Information visualization and data mining are often used complementary to each other. Their common goal is the extraction of meaningful information from complex and possibly large data. However, though data mining focuses on the usage of silicon hardware, visualization techniques also aim to access the powerful image‐processing capabilities of the human brain. This article highlights the research on data visualization and visual analytics techniques. Furthermore, we highlight existing visual analytics techniques, systems, and applications including a perspective on the field from the chemical process industry.This article is categorized under:Application Areas > Data Mining Software ToolsFundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Knowledge RepresentationTechnologies > Visualization

Stauss, S, Mori, S, Muneoka, H, Terashima, K & Iacopi, F 2013, 'Ashing of photoresists using dielectric barrier discharge cryoplasmas', Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 061202-061202.
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Steffen, M, Frye, S & Deuse, J 2013, 'Diversity learning factory', WT Werkstattstechnik, vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 233-239.
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Learning factories are innovative learning environments for education and training in Industrial Engineering. Participants create work systems in realistic production environments in order to gain practical experience and knowledge. Besides universities, this opportunity is used by manufacturing enterprises or consulting firms who also establish learning factories. Most previous publications describe individual implementation concepts. Therefore, this paper presents the morphology to compare learning factories.

Stewart, MG & Mueller, J 2013, 'Aviation Security, Risk Assessment, and Risk Aversion for Public Decisionmaking', Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 615-633.
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This paper estimates risk reductions for each layer of security designed to prevent commercial passenger airliners from being commandeered by terrorists, kept under control for some time, and then crashed into specific targets. Probabilistic methods are used to characterize the uncertainty of rates of deterrence, detection, and disruption, as well as losses. Since homeland security decisionmakers tend to be risk-averse because of the catastrophic or dire nature of the hazard or event, utility theory and Monte Carlo simulation methods are used to propagate uncertainties in calculations of net present value, expected utility, and probabilities of net benefit. We employ a 'break-even' cost-benefit analysis to determine the minimum probability of an otherwise successful attack that is required for the benefit of security measures to equal their cost. In this context, we examine specific policy options: including Improvised Physical Secondary Barriers (IPSBs) in the array of aircraft security measures, including the Federal Air Marshal Service (FAMS), and including them both. Attack probabilities need to exceed 260 percent or 2.6 attacks per year to be 90 percent sure that FAMS is cost-effective, whereas IPSBs have more than 90 percent chance of being cost-effective even if attack probabilities are as low as 6 percent per year. A risk-neutral analysis finds a policy option of adding IPSBs but not FAMS to the other measures to be preferred for all attack probabilities. However, a very risk-averse decisionmaker is 48 percent likely to prefer to retain FAMS even if the attack probability is as low as 1 percent per year-a level of risk aversion exhibited by few, if any, government agencies. Overall, it seems that, even in an analysis that biases the consideration toward the opposite conclusion, far too much may currently be spent on security measures to address the problem of airline hijacking, and many spending reductions could likely be made with little or no consequent...

Stewart, MG & Mueller, J 2013, 'Terrorism Risks and Cost‐Benefit Analysis of Aviation Security', Risk Analysis, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 893-908.
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We evaluate, for the U.S. case, the costs and benefits of three security measures designed to reduce the likelihood of a direct replication of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. To do so, we assess risk reduction, losses, and security costs in the context of the full set of security layers. The three measures evaluated are installed physical secondary barriers (IPSB) to restrict access to the hardened cockpit door during door transitions, the Federal Air Marshal Service (FAMS), and the Federal Flight Deck Officer (FFDO) Program. In the process, we examine an alternate policy measure: doubling the budget of the FFDO program to $44 million per year, installing IPSBs in all U.S. aircraft at a cost of $13.5 million per year, and reducing funding for FAMS by 75% to $300 million per year. A break‐even cost‐benefit analysis then finds the minimum probability of an otherwise successful attack required for the benefit of each security measures to equal its cost. We find that the IPSB is costeffective if the annual attack probability of an otherwise successful attack exceeds 0.5% or one attack every 200 years. The FFDO program is costeffective if the annual attack probability exceeds 2%. On the other hand, more than two otherwise successful attacks per year are required for FAMS to be costeffective. A policy that includes IPSBs, an increased budget for FFDOs, and a reduced budget for FAMS may be a viable policy alternative, potentially saving hundreds of millions of dollars per year with consequences for security that are, at most, negligible.

Stewart, MG, O'Callaghan, D & Hartley, M 2013, 'Review of QTRA and risk-based cost-benefit assessment of tree management', Arboriculture and Urban Forestry, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 165-172.
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Quantified Risk Assessment (QRA) has been in wide use in risk management since the 1960s for systems ranging from aviation, nuclear power, and offshore platforms to medical treatment and pharmaceuticals. The Quantified Tree Risk Assessment (QTRA) system is examined considering the principles of QRA. A case study of 14 fig trees in Newcastle, Australia, illustrates some limitations of the QTRA process, and extrapolating risks for a single tree to a group of trees. There is a need for any risk management process involving trees, not only to assess the risk, but to weigh the benefits provided by trees by a risk-based cost-benefit analysis. Tree risk assessors should rely on benchmarks to ensure that their assessment is not outside of the realms of reality or scientific rigor. © 2013 International Society of Arboriculture.

Stolar, MN, Lech, M, Sheeber, LB, Burnett, IS & Allen, NB 2013, 'Introducing Emotions to the Modeling of Intra- and Inter-Personal Influences in Parent-Adolescent Conversations', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AFFECTIVE COMPUTING, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 372-385.
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An understanding of the dynamics underlying emotional interactions between speakers is essential to the design of effective conversational strategies for interviews, mental health therapies, teaching and counseling, as well as the design of naturalistic human-machine communication systems. The present study introduces a new approach to the modeling of emotional influences during parent-adolescent conversations. The proposed dynamic influence model (DIM) estimates the joint conditional probabilities of speaker's states as a linear combination of simpler inter-and intra-speaker conditional probabilities. Contrary to the previously existing influence models (IMs), the DIM's coefficients are given not as static, constant values but as dynamically changing functions of the time delay between the current and the previous state. The speaker's states were annotated using four labels (speech with positive emotion, speech with negative emotion, emotionally neutral speech and silence with undefined emotion). Experimental results based on the audio recordings of 63 different naturalistic (not acted) parent-adolescent conversations showed that the proposed method leads to psychologically plausible observations. It was also demonstrated that the proposed DIM can achieve up to 20 percent higher accuracy of discriminating between emotional influence patterns of parents and adolescents when compared to the previously used static IM. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

Stone, A, Cowley, MJ, Valdes-Mora, F, McCloy, RA, Sergio, CM, Gallego-Ortega, D, Caldon, CE, Ormandy, CJ, Biankin, AV, Gee, JMW, Nicholson, RI, Print, CG, Clark, SJ & Musgrove, EA 2013, 'BCL-2 Hypermethylation Is a Potential Biomarker of Sensitivity to Antimitotic Chemotherapy in Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer', Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 1874-1885.
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Abstract Overexpression of the antiapoptotic factor BCL-2 is a frequent feature of malignant disease and is commonly associated with poor prognosis and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. In breast cancer, however, high BCL-2 expression is associated with favorable prognosis, estrogen receptor (ER) positivity, and low tumor grade, whereas low expression is included in several molecular signatures associated with resistance to endocrine therapy. In the present study, we correlate BCL-2 expression and DNA methylation profiles in human breast cancer and in multiple cell models of acquired endocrine resistance to determine whether BCL-2 hypermethylation could provide a useful biomarker of response to cytotoxic therapy. In human disease, diminished expression of BCL-2 was associated with hypermethylation of the second exon, in a region that overlapped a CpG island and an ER-binding site. Hypermethylation of this region, which occurred in 10% of primary tumors, provided a stronger predictor of patient survival (P = 0.019) when compared with gene expression (n = 522). In multiple cell models of acquired endocrine resistance, BCL-2 expression was significantly reduced in parallel with increased DNA methylation of the exon 2 region. The reduction of BCL-2 expression in endocrine-resistant cells lowered their apoptotic threshold to antimitotic agents: nocodazole, paclitaxel, and the PLK1 inhibitor BI2536. This phenomenon could be reversed with ectopic expression of BCL-2, and rescued with the BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-737. Collectively, these data imply that BCL-2 hypermethylation provides a robust biomarker of response to current and next-generation cytotoxic agents in endocrine-resistant breast cancer, which may prove beneficial in directing therapeutic strategy for patients with nonresectable, metastatic disease. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(9); 1874–85. ©2013 AACR.

Styrkarsdottir, U, Thorleifsson, G, Sulem, P, Gudbjartsson, DF, Sigurdsson, A, Jonasdottir, A, Jonasdottir, A, Oddsson, A, Helgason, A, Magnusson, OT, Walters, GB, Frigge, ML, Helgadottir, HT, Johannsdottir, H, Bergsteinsdottir, K, Ogmundsdottir, MH, Center, JR, Nguyen, TV, Eisman, JA, Christiansen, C, Steingrimsson, E, Jonasson, JG, Tryggvadottir, L, Eyjolfsson, GI, Theodors, A, Jonsson, T, Ingvarsson, T, Olafsson, I, Rafnar, T, Kong, A, Sigurdsson, G, Masson, G, Thorsteinsdottir, U & Stefansson, K 2013, 'Nonsense mutation in the LGR4 gene is associated with several human diseases and other traits', Nature, vol. 497, no. 7450, pp. 517-520.
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Su, K, Ni, B & Yu, H 2013, 'Modeling and optimization of granulation process of activated sludge in sequencing batch reactors', Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. 110, no. 5, pp. 1312-1322.
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AbstractAerobic granulation is a promising process for wastewater treatment, but this granulation process is very complicated and is affected by many factors. Thus, a mathematical model to quantitatively describe such a granulation process is highly desired. In this work, by taking into account all of key steps including biomass growth, increase in particle size and density, detachment, breakage and sedimentation, an one‐dimensional mathematic model was developed to simulate the granulation process of activated sludge in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Discretization methodology was applied by dividing operational time, sedimentation process, size fractions and slices into discretized calculation elements. Model verification and prediction for aerobic granulation process were conducted under four different conditions. Four parameters indicative of granulation progression, including mean radius, biomass discharge ratio, total number, and bioparticle size distribution, were predicted well with the model. An optimum controlling strategy, automatically adjusted of settling time, was also proposed based on this model. Moreover, aerobic granules with a density higher than 120 g VSS/L and radius in a range of 0.4–1.0 mm were predicted to have both high settling velocity and substrate utilization rate, and the corresponding optimum operating conditions were be determined. Experimental results demonstrate that the developed model is appropriate for simulating the formation of aerobic granules in SBRs. These results are useful for designing and optimizing the cultivation and operation of aerobic granule process. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1312–1322. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Subhani, M, Li, J & Samali, B 2013, 'A comparative study of guided wave propagation in timber poles with isotropic and transversely isotropic material models', Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 65-79.
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Subhani, M, Li, J, Samali, B & Yan, N 2013, 'Determination of the embedded lengths of electricity timber poles utilising flexural wave generated from impacts', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 85-96.
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Round timbers are extensively used as utility poles in Australia for electricity distribution and communication. Lack of information on their conditions results in great difficulties on asset management for industries. Despite the development of various

Subhani, M, Li, JC, Gravenkamp, H & Samali, B 2013, 'Effect of Elastic Modulus and Poisson's Ratio on Guided Wave Dispersion Using Transversely Isotropic Material Modelling', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 778, pp. 303-311.
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Timber poles are commonly used for telecommunication and power distribution networks, wharves or jetties, piling or as a substructure of short span bridges. Most of the available techniques currently used for non-destructive testing (NDT) of timber structures are based on one-dimensional wave theory. If it is essential to detect small sized damage, it becomes necessary to consider guided wave (GW) propagation as the behaviour of different propagating modes cannot be represented by one-dimensional approximations. However, due to the orthotropic material properties of timber, the modelling of guided waves can be complex. No analytical solution can be found for plotting dispersion curves for orthotropic thick cylindrical waveguides even though very few literatures can be found on the theory of GW for anisotropic cylindrical waveguide. In addition, purely numerical approaches are available for solving these curves. In this paper, dispersion curves for orthotropic cylinders are computed using the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) and compared with an isotropic material model to indicate the importance of considering timber as an anisotropic material. Moreover, some simplification is made on orthotropic behaviour of timber to make it transversely isotropic due to the fact that, analytical approaches for transversely isotropic cylinder are widely available in the literature. Also, the applicability of considering timber as a transversely isotropic material is discussed. As an orthotropic material, most material testing results of timber found in the literature include 9 elastic constants (three elastic moduli and six Poisson's ratios), hence it is essential to select the appropriate material properties for transversely isotropic material which includes only 5 elastic constants. Therefore, comparison between orthotropic and transversely isotropic material model is also presented in this article to reveal the effect of elastic moduli and Pois...

Sun, Y, Guo, Y, Ge, Y, Lu, S, Zhou, J & Dutkiewicz, E 2013, 'Improving the Transmission Efficiency by Considering Non-Cooperation in Ad Hoc Networks', The Computer Journal, vol. 56, no. 8, pp. 1034-1042.
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Sundramoorthy, AK, Mesgari, S, Wang, J, Kumar, R, Sk., MA, Yeap, SH, Zhang, Q, Sze, SK, Lim, KH & Chan-Park, MB 2013, 'Scalable and Effective Enrichment of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by a Dual Selective Naphthalene-Based Azo Dispersant', Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 135, no. 15, pp. 5569-5581.
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Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) have emerged as a promising class of electronic materials, but the metallic (m)-SWNTs present in all as-synthesized nanotube samples must be removed for many applications. A high selectivity and high yield separation method has remained elusive. A separation process based on selective chemistry appears to be an attractive route since it is usually relatively simple, but more effective chemicals are needed. Here we demonstrate the first example of a new class of dual selective compounds based on polycyclic aromatic azo compounds, specifically Direct Blue 71 (I), for high-purity separation of s-SWNTs at high yield. Highly enriched (∼93% purity) s-SWNTs are produced through the simple process of standing arc-discharge SWNTs with I followed by centrifugation. The s-SWNTs total yield is up to 41%, the highest yet reported for a solution-based separation technique that demonstrates applicability in actual transistors. 91% of transistor devices fabricated with these s-SWNTs exhibited on/off ratios of 10 to 10 with the best devices showing mobility as high as 21.8 cm /V s with on/off ratio of 10 . Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic shifts and ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-vis-NIR) show that I preferentially complexes with s-SWNTs and preferentially suspends them. Preferential reaction of naphthyl radicals (generated from I with ultrasonication) with m-SWNTs is confirmed by changes in the D-band in the Raman spectroscopy, matrix-assisted desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and molecular simulation results. The high selectivity of I stems from its unique dual action as both a selective dispersion agent and the generator of radicals which preferentially attack unwanted metallic species. © 2013 American Chemical Society. 3 5 2 4

Surawski, NC, Miljevic, B, Bodisco, TA, Brown, RJ, Ristovski, ZD & Ayoko, GA 2013, 'Application of Multicriteria Decision Making Methods to Compression Ignition Engine Efficiency and Gaseous, Particulate, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions', ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 1904-1912.
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Compression ignition (CI) engine design is subject to many constraints, which present a multicriteria optimization problem that the engine researcher must solve. In particular, the modern CI engine must not only be efficient but must also deliver low gaseous, particulate, and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions so that its impact on urban air quality, human health, and global warming is minimized. Consequently, this study undertakes a multicriteria analysis, which seeks to identify alternative fuels, injection technologies, and combustion strategies that could potentially satisfy these CI engine design constraints. Three data sets are analyzed with the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations and Geometrical Analysis for Interactive Aid (PROMETHEE-GAIA) algorithm to explore the impact of (1) an ethanol fumigation system, (2) alternative fuels (20% biodiesel and synthetic diesel) and alternative injection technologies (mechanical direct injection and common rail injection), and (3) various biodiesel fuels made from 3 feedstocks (i.e., soy, tallow, and canola) tested at several blend percentages (20-100%) on the resulting emissions and efficiency profile of the various test engines. The results show that moderate ethanol substitutions (∼20% by energy) at moderate load, high percentage soy blends (60-100%), and alternative fuels (biodiesel and synthetic diesel) provide an efficiency and emissions profile that yields the most 'preferred' solutions to this multicriteria engine design problem. Further research is, however, required to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) emissions with alternative fuels and to deliver technologies that do not significantly reduce the median diameter of particle emissions. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

Sutton, GJ, Liu, RP & Collings, IB 2013, 'Modelling IEEE 802.11 DCF Heterogeneous Networks with Rayleigh Fading and Capture', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 61, no. 8, pp. 3336-3348.
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In practical radio transmissions, bit error and channel capture are two dominating factors that affect wireless network performance. Previous models have omitted the interaction between bit error and channel capture. We present a homogeneous-network performance-prediction model for a Rayleigh fading channel that incorporates both the capture effect and transmission error into a 3-D Markov Chain. We accurately characterise the interaction between packet error and capture by incorporating them both into the model of the receiver operations. We show how the model can be solved efficiently. The model provides quality of service measures, including packet delay and loss, which are difficult to achieve with other models. Simulation results confirm that our 3-D model accurately predicts the performance for practical SNRs and receiver sensitivities. We demonstrate that our model can be directly applied to call admission control of Voice over IP service with a QoS guarantee in a WiFi network. The model is then extended to heterogeneous networks, where different stations have different packet arrival rates and packet sizes. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

Tabatabaiefar, SHR, Fatahi, B & Samali, B 2013, 'Lateral seismic response of building frames considering dynamic soil-structure interaction effects', STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 311-321.
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In this study, to have a better judgment on the structural performance, the effects of dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) on seismic behaviour and lateral structural response of mid-rise moment resisting building frames are studied using Finite Difference Method. Three types of mid-rise structures, including 5, 10, and 15 storey buildings are selected in conjunction with three soil types with the shear wave velocities less than 600m/s, representing soil classes Ce, De and Ee, according to Australian Standard AS 1170.4. The above mentioned frames have been analysed under two different boundary conditions: (i) fixed-base (no soil-structure interaction), and (ii) flexible-base (considering soil-structure interaction). The results of the analyses in terms of structural lateral displacements and drifts for the above mentioned boundary conditions have been compared and discussed. It is concluded that the dynamic soil-structure interaction plays a considerable role in seismic behaviour of mid-rise building frames including substantial increase in the lateral deflections and inter-storey drifts and changing the performance level of the structures from life safe to near collapse or total collapse. Thus, considering soil-structure interaction effects in the seismic design of mid-rise moment resisting building frames, particularly when resting on soft soil deposit, is essential.

Tabatabaiefar, SHR, Fatahi, B & Samali, B 2013, 'Seismic Behavior of Building Frames Considering Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMECHANICS, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 409-420.
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The seismic excitation experienced by structures is a function of the earthquake source, travel path effects, local site effects, and soilstructure interaction (SSI) influences. The result of the first three of these factors is referred to as free-field ground motion. The structural response to free-field motion is influenced by the SSI. In particular, accelerations within structures are affected by the flexibility of the foundation support and variations between the foundation and free-field motions. Consequently, an accurate assessment of inertial forces and displacements in structures can require a rational treatment of SSI effects. In the current study, to depict these effects on the seismic response of moment-resisting building frames, a 10-story moment-resisting building frame resting on a shallow foundation was selected in conjunction with three soil types with shear-wave velocities of less than 600 m/s, representing Soil Classes Ce, De, and Ee according to an existing Australian Standard. The structural sections were designed after applying dynamic nonlinear time-history analysis, based on both the elastic method, and inelastic procedure using the elastic-perfectly plastic behavior of the structural elements. The frame sections were modeled and analyzed using the finite-difference method andthe FLAC 2D software under two different boundary conditions: (1) fixed-base (no SSI) and (2) considering the SSI. Fully nonlinear dynamic analysis under the influence of various earthquake records was conducted and the results of the two different cases for elastic and inelastic behavior of the structuralmodel were extracted, compared, and discussed. The results indicate that the performance level of themodel resting on Soil Class Ce does not change substantially and remains in the life safe level while the performance level of themodel resting on Soil Classes De and Ee substantially increase from the life safe level to near collapse for both elastic and ine...

Tafavogh, S, Navarro, KF, Catchpoole, DR & Kennedy, PJ 2013, 'Non-parametric and integrated framework for segmenting and counting neuroblastic cells within neuroblastoma tumor images', MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTING, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 645-655.
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Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor and a cancer in childhood that derives from the neural crest. The number of neuroblastic cells within the tumor provides significant prognostic information for pathologists. An enormous number of neuroblastic cells makes the process of counting tedious and error-prone. We propose a user interaction-independent framework that segments cellular regions, splits the overlapping cells and counts the total number of single neuroblastic cells. Our novel segmentation algorithm regards an image as a feature space constructed by joint spatial-intensity features of color pixels. It clusters the pixels within the feature space using mean-shift and then partitions the image into multiple tiles. We propose a novel color analysis approach to select the tiles with similar intensity to the cellular regions. The selected tiles contain a mixture of single and overlapping cells. We therefore also propose a cell counting method to analyse morphology of the cells and discriminate between overlapping and single cells. Ultimately, we apply watershed to split overlapping cells. The results have been evaluated by a pathologist. Our segmentation algorithm was compared against adaptive thresholding. Our cell counting algorithm was compared with two state of the art algorithms. The overall cell counting accuracy of the system is 87.65 %. © 2013 International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering.

Tahan Latibari, S, Mehrali, M, Mehrali, M, Indra Mahlia, TM & Cornelis Metselaar, HS 2013, 'Synthesis, characterization and thermal properties of nanoencapsulated phase change materials via sol–gel method', Energy, vol. 61, pp. 664-672.
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Talatahari, S, Kheirollahi, M, Farahmandpour, C & Gandomi, AH 2013, 'A multi-stage particle swarm for optimum design of truss structures', Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 1297-1309.
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Tan, VYF & Tomamichel, M 2013, 'The Third-Order Term in the Normal Approximation for the AWGN Channel', IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 2430-2438.
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This paper shows that, under the average error probability formalism, thethird-order term in the normal approximation for the additive white Gaussiannoise channel with a maximal or equal power constraint is at least $\frac{1}{2}\log n + O(1)$. This matches the upper bound derived byPolyanskiy-Poor-Verd\'{u} (2010).

Tang, J, Chen, L, King, I & Wang, J 2013, 'Introduction to Special section on Large-scale Data Mining', Data & Knowledge Engineering, vol. 87, pp. 355-356.
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Tangaramvong, S, Tin-Loi, F, Wu, D & Gao, W 2013, 'Mathematical programming approaches for obtaining sharp collapse load bounds in interval limit analysis', Computers & Structures, vol. 125, pp. 114-126.
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The paper presents novel mathematical programming approaches for interval limit analysis that are guaranteed to furnish sharp (extreme) bounds to the collapse load of structures subjected to uncertain but bounded parameters. The formulation is cast as a pair of linear programs with interval coefficients. We discuss when sharp collapse load bounds occur when the interval parameters are at the extreme limits of their respective intervals. A mixed 0-1 programming approach is first proposed to compute the minimum collapse limit, and, more importantly, we then develop a pair of robust and efficient nonlinear programming schemes that capture maximum collapse loads in one case and minimum collapse loads in the other. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tao, M, Li, X & Wu, C 2013, '3D numerical model for dynamic loading-induced multiple fracture zones around underground cavity faces', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 54, pp. 33-45.
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Tao, X-F, Hou, Y-Z, Wang, K-D, He, H-Y & Guo, YJ 2013, 'GPP-Based Soft Base Station Designing and Optimization', Journal of Computer Science and Technology, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 420-428.
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It is generally acknowledged that mobile communication base stations are composed of hardware components such as Field Programming Gate Array (FPGA), Digital Signal Processor (DSP), which promise reliable and fluent services for the mobile users. However, with the increasing demand for energy-efficiency, approaches of low power-consumption and high-flexibility are needed urgently. In this circumstance, General Purpose Processor (GPP) attracts people’s attention for its low-cost and flexibility. Benefited from the development of modern GPP in multi-core, Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) instructions, larger cache, etc., GPPs are capable of performing high-density digital processing. In this paper, we compare several software-defined radio (SDR) prototypes and propose the general architecture of GPP-based soft base stations. Then, the schematic design of resource allocation and algorithm optimization in soft base station implementation are studied. As an application example, a prototype of GPP-based soft base station referring to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is realized and evaluated. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first Soft-LTE prototype ever reported. In the end, we evaluate the timing performance of the LTE soft base station and a packet loss ratio of less than 0.003 is obtained. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York & Science Press, China.

Tapson, J, Cohen, G, Afshar, S, Stiefel, K, Buskila, Y, Wang, R, Hamilton, TJ & Schaik, AV 2013, 'Synthesis of neural networks for spatio-temporal spike pattern recognition and processing', Frontiers in Neuroscience, no. 7 AUG.
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The advent of large scale neural computational platforms has highlighted thelack of algorithms for synthesis of neural structures to perform predefinedcognitive tasks. The Neural Engineering Framework offers one such synthesis,but it is most effective for a spike rate representation of neural information,and it requires a large number of neurons to implement simple functions. Wedescribe a neural network synthesis method that generates synaptic connectivityfor neurons which process time-encoded neural signals, and which makes verysparse use of neurons. The method allows the user to specify, arbitrarily,neuronal characteristics such as axonal and dendritic delays, and synaptictransfer functions, and then solves for the optimal input-output relationshipusing computed dendritic weights. The method may be used for batch or onlinelearning and has an extremely fast optimization process. We demonstrate its usein generating a network to recognize speech which is sparsely encoded as spiketimes.

Tasouji, N, Nourinia, J, Ghobadi, C & Tofigh, F 2013, 'A Novel Printed UWB Slot Antenna With Reconfigurable Band-Notch Characteristics', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 12, pp. 922-925.
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Tavares, NAC & Vale, S 2013, 'A Model Driven Approach for the Development of Semantic RESTful Web Services', Proceedings of International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services, vol. 7167, pp. 12-19.
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Several metamodels have been proposed in the software engineering literature recently. For practical usage, it is important to ensure that these metamodels can be used in an interoperable fashion. In this paper we present an approach as a part of our PhD research in the same direction. Our methodology is based on the study of analogous characteristics among metamodels, ontologies and schemas. We have adopted ontology merging and schema matching techniques and apply them to the domain of metamodels to assist in creating interoperable metamodels. This methodology is applied and presented here with an illustrative example in which we show the results of merging two of the OMG metamodels: the Organization Structure Metamodel (OSM) and the Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN).

Tazvinga, H, Xia, X & Zhang, J 2013, 'Minimum cost solution of photovoltaic–diesel–battery hybrid power systems for remote consumers', Solar Energy, vol. 96, pp. 292-299.
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Tehrany, MS, Pradhan, B & Jebur, MN 2013, 'Remote Sensing Data Reveals Eco-Environmental Changes in Urban Areas of Klang Valley, Malaysia: Contribution from Object Based Analysis', Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 981-991.
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Tehrany, MS, Pradhan, B & Jebur, MN 2013, 'Spatial prediction of flood susceptible areas using rule based decision tree (DT) and a novel ensemble bivariate and multivariate statistical models in GIS', Journal of Hydrology, vol. 504, pp. 69-79.
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ten Bhomer, M & van den Hoven, E 2013, 'Interaction design for supporting communication between Chinese sojourners', PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 145-157.
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In our global village, distance is not a barrier anymore for traveling. People experience new cultures and face accompanying difficulties in order to live anywhere. Social support can help these sojourners to cope with difficulties, such as culture shock. In this paper, we investigate how computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools can facilitate social support when living physically separated from loved-ones in different cultures. The goal is to understand the design considerations necessary to design new CMC tools. We studied communication practices of Chinese sojourners living in the Netherlands and the use of a technology probe with a novel video communication system. These results led to recommendations which can help designers to design interactive communication tools that facilitate communication across cultures. We conclude the paper with an interactive communication device called Circadian, which was designed based on these recommendations. We experienced the design recommendations to be abstract enough to leave space for creativity while providing a set of clear requirements which we used to base design decisions upon.

Teng, PSP, Leong, KF, Kong, PW, Halkon, BJ & Huang, PY 2013, 'The use of rapid prototyping in the design of a customised ankle brace structure for ACL injury risk reduction', Virtual and Physical Prototyping, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 241-247.
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Rapid prototyping, or additive manufacturing, is becoming more useful in creating functional prototypes, especially when customisation is required. This paper explores the use of three-dimensional (3D) printing in designing a customised ankle brace structure for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk reduction. A new process is proposed to obtain ankle flexion angles and the corresponding foot surface strain associated with high ACL injury risks through motion analysis. This data is used in the design of the customised ankle brace structure and printed using rapid prototyping. One customised ankle brace structure was printed and tested to demonstrate this proposed framework. The ankle flexion range of motion (ROM) was significantly reduced in the high-risk ankle positions with the ankle brace structure. Rapid prototyping could thus be used to design customised ankle brace structures and this is useful in reducing fabrication time and complexity of customisation. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.

THAKUR, PK, VINOD, JS & INDRARATNA, B 2013, 'Effect of confining pressure and frequency on the deformation of ballast', Géotechnique, vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 786-790.
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Increasing the speed and frequency of trains with the same static axle weight imparts higher dynamic axle loads more frequently. When this occurs on existing track which has not been designed for such loading there can be increased rates of ballast degradation, characterised by unacceptable deformation and lateral spread, leading to more frequent requirements for track maintenance. Recent studies carried out at the University of Wollongong highlighted that confining pressure and frequency have a significant influence on the permanent deformation and degradation of ballast. However, confinement required to keep the deformation and degradation of the ballasted track to an acceptable limit will depend on the train speed (frequency). In this context, a series of cyclic triaxial tests was conducted on latite basalt samples having an initial confining pressure of 120 kPa. After every 25 000 cycles, the confining pressure was decreased in steps to simulate the drop of confining pressure during heavy traffic. This test procedure was adopted to replicate the influence of train speed on the stability of ballast. Test results indicated that both the frequency and confining pressure have a significant influence on the permanent deformation of ballast. Resilient modulus is found to increase with an increase in confining pressure and number of cycles, but to decrease with increasing frequency. The results also showed that the ballast layer requires a minimum level of confinement for preventing an excessive amount of track deformation. An empirical equation is formulated to determine the required confining pressure and resilient modulus of the ballast layer for an allowable limit of track deformation at a given train speed.

Thalakotuna, DNP, Esselle, KP, Matekovits, L, Heimlich, M & Hay, SG 2013, 'Changing the Electromagnetic Bandgap and Stopbands in a Multistate Periodic Circuit', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 1871-1874.
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ABSTRACTChanging the electromagnetic bandgaps (EBGs) and hence the stopbands in a multistate periodic microwave circuit is investigated experimentally. The state of the prototype circuit, consisting of 24 unit cells, is changed by closing or opening gaps in selected unit cells. This varies the periodic loading along the circuit and hence the EBG. In most states, the circuit behaves as a bandstop filter, and its stopband width and location are determined by the circuit state. Experimental results confirm that the first stopband width can be as large as 63% (at 4.92 GHz) or can be absent. The EBG leads to excellent isolation around 40 dB in the stopbands. Sharp roll‐off between passbands and stopbands (upto 120 dB/octave) and small length compared to microstrip filters with similar cut‐off and roll‐off characteristics are other advantages of the proposed platform. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1871–1874, 2013

Thollander, P, Backlund, S, Trianni, A & Cagno, E 2013, 'Beyond barriers – A case study on driving forces for improved energy efficiency in the foundry industries in Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, and Sweden', Applied Energy, vol. 111, pp. 636-643.
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Thomas, D, Ding, G & Crews, K 2013, 'Sustainable timber use in the Australian housing market: Are consumers willing to pay the price', International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 187-196.
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A large proportion of traditional Australian homes contained timber floors and timber exterior cladding until the advent of the standard concrete slab/brick veneer house. Up to 95% of new homes are built by project home companies and the majority of these contain an external envelope consisting of concrete flooring, clay brick walls and concrete tile or steel sheet roofing. This design is currently driven by consumer's expectation of low cost, durable homes that are completed within restricted time limits. There is now a price premium on bespoke housing projects that differ materially or otherwise from a limited set of designs offered by project home firms. The adoption of concrete and brick homes originated from a perceived advantage of longevity, low maintenance and thermal comfort. Innovation in wood treatments, wood protection and insulation has provided solutions to these issues so that timber is now a viable option with added benefits such as environmental sustainability and erection speed. Australian consumers have a growing awareness and desire to live in a way that is sustainable and are making choices that reflect this attitude. This has been demonstrated through the high adoption rate of recent government-supported schemes such as subsidized insulation and solar panel installation. This paper aims at investigating homeowner's perception of timber as a sustainable building product, the desire of homeowners to use sustainable building products, and the willingness of homeowners to pay a premium to live sustainably. This paper highlights Australian homeowners reluctance to use the most sustainable building materials even when they are willing to pay for a more environmentally sustainable home. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey to homeowners in the city of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia and some strategies on how to increase the use of timber in new housing projects in Australia. © 2013 IAHS.

Thomas, PS, Guerbois, J-P & Smallwood, A 2013, 'Low temperature DSC characterisation of water in opal', Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 113, no. 3, pp. 1255-1260.
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A low temperature (-60 to +105 A degrees C) DSC characterisation of opal was carried out to determine the proportion of crystallisable water and to estimate the cavity size in which the crystallisable water is contained. Circa 10 % of the molecular water

Tien Bui, D, Pradhan, B, Lofman, O, Revhaug, I & Dick, ØB 2013, 'Regional prediction of landslide hazard using probability analysis of intense rainfall in the Hoa Binh province, Vietnam', Natural Hazards, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 707-730.
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Tijing, L, Ruelo, M, Park, C-H, Amarjargal, A, Kim, H, Pant, H, Lee, D-H & Kim, C 2013, 'Efficacy of zinc and tourmaline in mitigating corrosion of carbon steel in non-flow mode', Chemical Papers, vol. 67, no. 10, pp. 1304-1310.
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AbstractLaboratory corrosion immersion tests were carried out to investigate the effectiveness of a physical water treatment (PWT) using zinc and ceramic tourmaline-based catalytic materials for the control of carbon steel corrosion in acidic still water (i.e., pH 4.5–5). The tests were carried out at different water temperatures over 168 h. Our results showed a maximum of 22 % reduction in the corrosion rate using PWT in comparison with the control case. Furthermore, the corrosion products depicted more agglomerated particles after the PWT treatment. In both cases, differences were observed in the crystal structures, showing in general lower corrosion activity when PWT was used. The present results could find potential applications in water distribution systems and where metallic materials are exposed to stagnant acidic water.

Tijing, LD, Amarjargal, A, Jiang, Z, Ruelo, MTG, Park, C-H, Pant, HR, Kim, D-W, Lee, DH & Kim, CS 2013, 'Antibacterial tourmaline nanoparticles/polyurethane hybrid mat decorated with silver nanoparticles prepared by electrospinning and UV photoreduction', Current Applied Physics, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 205-210.
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Tijing, LD, Choi, W, Jiang, Z, Amarjargal, A, Park, C-H, Pant, HR, Im, I-T & Kim, CS 2013, 'Two-nozzle electrospinning of (MWNT/PU)/PU nanofibrous composite mat with improved mechanical and thermal properties', Current Applied Physics, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 1247-1255.
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Tijing, LD, Park, C-H, Choi, WL, Ruelo, MTG, Amarjargal, A, Pant, HR, Im, I-T & Kim, CS 2013, 'Characterization and mechanical performance comparison of multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyurethane composites fabricated by electrospinning and solution casting', Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 613-619.
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Multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyurethane (MWNT/PU) composites were prepared by electrospinning and solution casting. The morphological and thermal properties, and mechanical performance of the nanofiber and film composites were characterized and compared. The tensile strength of neat PU film was 9-fold higher than that of neat PU nanofibrous mat. The incorporation of MWNTs increased the tensile strength and modulus of the composite nanofibers by 69% and 140%, respectively, and 62% and 78%, respectively for composite films. The MWNT/PU composites showed an improved thermal degradation behavior, with the incorporation of low MWNT content in the composites.

Tijing, LD, Park, C-H, Kang, S-J, Amarjargal, A, Kim, T-H, Pant, HR, Kim, HJ, Lee, DH & Kim, CS 2013, 'Improved mechanical properties of solution-cast silicone film reinforced with electrospun polyurethane nanofiber containing carbon nanotubes', Applied Surface Science, vol. 264, pp. 453-458.
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Tomamichel, M & Tan, VYF 2013, 'Second-Order Asymptotics for the Classical Capacity of Image-Additive Quantum Channels', Communication in Mathematical Physics, vol. 338, no. 1, pp. 103-137.
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We study non-asymptotic fundamental limits for transmitting classicalinformation over memoryless quantum channels, i.e. we investigate the amount ofclassical information that can be transmitted when a quantum channel is used afinite number of times and a fixed, non-vanishing average error is permissible.We consider the classical capacity of quantum channels that are image-additive,including all classical to quantum channels, as well as the product statecapacity of arbitrary quantum channels. In both cases we show that thenon-asymptotic fundamental limit admits a second-order approximation thatillustrates the speed at which the rate of optimal codes converges to theHolevo capacity as the blocklength tends to infinity. The behavior is governedby a new channel parameter, called channel dispersion, for which we provide ageometrical interpretation.

Tomamichel, M & Tan, VYF 2013, 'Second-Order Coding Rates for Channels with State', IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 4427-4448.
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We study the performance limits of state-dependent discrete memorylesschannels with a discrete state available at both the encoder and the decoder.We establish the epsilon-capacity as well as necessary and sufficientconditions for the strong converse property for such channels when the sequenceof channel states is not necessarily stationary, memoryless or ergodic. We thenseek a finer characterization of these capacities in terms of second-ordercoding rates. The general results are supplemented by several examplesincluding i.i.d. and Markov states and mixed channels.

Tomamichel, M, Berta, M & Hayashi, M 2013, 'Relating different quantum generalizations of the conditional Renyi entropy', J. Math. Phys. 55 (8), 082206 (2014), vol. 55, no. 8.
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Recently a new quantum generalization of the Renyi divergence and thecorresponding conditional Renyi entropies was proposed. Here we report on asurprising relation between conditional Renyi entropies based on this newgeneralization and conditional Renyi entropies based on the quantum relativeRenyi entropy that was used in previous literature. Our result generalizes thewell-known duality relation H(A|B) + H(A|C) = 0 of the conditional von Neumannentropy for tripartite pure states to Renyi entropies of two different kinds. As a direct application, we prove a collection of inequalities that relatedifferent conditional Renyi entropies and derive a new entropic uncertaintyrelation.

Tran, N & Hutvagner, G 2013, 'Biogenesis and the regulation of the maturation of miRNAs', Essays in Biochemistry, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 17-28.
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Regulation of gene expression is a fundamental process in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Multiple regulatory mechanisms are in place to control gene expression at the level of transcription, post-transcription and post-translation to maintain optimal RNA and protein expressions in cells. miRNAs (microRNAs) are abundant short 21–23 nt non-coding RNAs that are key regulators of virtually all eukaryotic biological processes. The levels of miRNAs in an organism are crucial for proper development and sustaining optimal cell functions. Therefore the processing and regulation of the processing of these miRNAs are critical. In the present chapter we highlight the most important steps of miRNA processing, describe the functions of key proteins involved in the maturation of miRNAs, and discuss how the generation and the stability of miRNAs are regulated.

Tran, NH, Urase, T, Ngo, HH, Hu, J & Ong, SL 2013, 'Insight into metabolic and cometabolic activities of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms in the biodegradation of emerging trace organic contaminants', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 146, no. 1, pp. 721-731.
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Many efforts have been made to understand the biodegradation of emerging trace organic contaminants (EOCs) in the natural and engineered systems. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the biodegradation of EOCs while having in-depth discussion on metabolism and cometabolism of EOCs. Biodegradation of EOCs is mainly attributed to cometabolic activities of both heterotrophic and autotrophic microorganisms. Metabolism of EOCs can only be observed by heterotrophic microbes. Autotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia oxidizing archaeal (AOA) cometabolize a variety of EOCs via the non-specific enzymes, such as ammonia monooxygenase (AMO). Higher biodegradation of EOCs is often noted under nitrification at high ammonia loading rate. The presence of a growth substrate promotes cometabolic biodegradation of EOCs. Potential strategies for enhancing the biodegradation of EOCs were also proposed in this review. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Tran, TS, Hirst, JE, Do, MAT, Morris, JM & Jeffery, HE 2013, 'Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Vietnam', Diabetes Care, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 618-624.
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OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare the discriminative power of prognostic models for early prediction of women at risk for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) using four currently recommended diagnostic criteria based on the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We also described the potential effect of application of the models into clinical practice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study of 2,772 pregnant women was conducted at a referral maternity center in Vietnam. GDM was determined by the American Diabetes Association (ADA), International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG), Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society (ADIPS), and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Prognostic models were developed using the Bayesian model averaging approach, and discriminative power was assessed by area under the curve. Different thresholds of predicted risk of developing GDM were applied to describe the clinical impact of the diagnostic criteria. RESULTS The magnitude of GDM varied substantially by the diagnostic criteria: 5.9% (ADA), 20.4% (IADPSG), 20.8% (ADIPS), and 24.3% (WHO). The ADA prognostic model, consisting of age and BMI at booking, had the best discriminative power (area under the curve of 0.71) and the most favorable cost-effective ratio if implemented in clinical practice. Selective screening of women for GDM using the ADA model with a risk threshold of 3% gave 93% sensitivity for identification of women with GDM with a 27% reduction in the number of OGTTs required. ...

Trianni, A, Cagno, E & Worrell, E 2013, 'Innovation and adoption of energy efficient technologies: An exploratory analysis of Italian primary metal manufacturing SMEs', Energy Policy, vol. 61, pp. 430-440.
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Trianni, A, Cagno, E, Thollander, P & Backlund, S 2013, 'Barriers to industrial energy efficiency in foundries: a European comparison', Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 40, pp. 161-176.
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Trianni, A, Cagno, E, Worrell, E & Pugliese, G 2013, 'Empirical investigation of energy efficiency barriers in Italian manufacturing SMEs', Energy, vol. 49, pp. 444-458.
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Truong, BCQ, Hoang Duong Tuan, Ha Hoang Kha & Nguyen, HT 2013, 'Debye Parameter Extraction for Characterizing Interaction of Terahertz Radiation With Human Skin Tissue', IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 1528-1537.
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This paper is concerned with parameter extraction for the double Debye model, which is used for analytically determining human skin permittivity. These parameters are thought to be the origin of contrast in terahertz (THz) images of skin cancer. The existing extraction methods could generate Debye models, which track their measurements accurately at frequencies higher than 1 THz but poorly at lower frequencies, where the majority of permittivity contrast between healthy and diseased skin tissues is actually observed.We propose a global optimization-based parameter extraction,which results in globally accurate tracking and thus supports the full validity of the Debye model for simulating human skin permittivity in the whole usable THz frequencies. Numerical results confirm viability of our novel methodology.

Tsakonas, A & Gabrys, B 2013, 'A fuzzy evolutionary framework for combining ensembles', Applied Soft Computing, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1800-1812.
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Tu, C & Lee, JE-Y 2013, 'Ambient temperature and bias conditions induced frequency drifts in an uncompensated SOI piezoresistive resonator', Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 202, pp. 140-146.
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Tu, C & Lee, JE-Y 2013, 'Crystallographic Effects on Energy Dissipation in High- $Q$ Silicon Bulk-Mode Resonators', Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 262-264.
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Tuan, HD, Son, TT, Tuy, H & Khoa, PT 2013, 'Monotonic optimization based decoding for linear codes', Journal of Global Optimization, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 301-312.
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New efficient methods are developed for the optimal maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding of an arbitrary binary linear code based on data received from any discrete Gaussian channel. The decoding algorithm is based on monotonic optimization that is minimizing a difference of monotonic (d.m.) objective functions subject to the 01 constraints of bit variables. The iterative process converges to the global optimal ML solution after finitely many steps. The proposed algorithms computational complexity depends on input sequence length k which is much less than the codeword length n, especially for a codes with small code rate. The viability of the developed is verified through simulations on different coding schemes.

Tuy, H & Tuan, HD 2013, 'Generalized S-Lemma and strong duality in nonconvex quadratic programming', Journal of Global Optimization, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 1045-1072.
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On the basis of a new topological minimax theorem, a simple and unified approach is developed to Lagrange duality in nonconvex quadratic programming. Diverse generalizations as well as equivalent forms of the S-Lemma, providing a thorough study of dualit

Van de Velde, S, Vander Stichele, R, Fauquert, B, Geens, S, Heselmans, A, Ramaekers, D, Kunnamo, I & Aertgeerts, B 2013, 'EBMPracticeNet: A Bilingual National Electronic Point-Of-Care Project for Retrieval of Evidence-Based Clinical Guideline Information and Decision Support', JMIR Research Protocols, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. e23-e23.
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Background

In Belgium, the construction of a national electronic point-of-care information service, EBMPracticeNet, was initiated in 2011 to optimize quality of care by promoting evidence-based decision-making. The collaboration of the government, health care providers, evidence-based medicine (EBM) partners, and vendors of electronic health records (EHR) is unique to this project. All Belgian health care professionals get free access to an up-to-date database of validated Belgian and nearly 1000 international guidelines, incorporated in a portal that also provides EBM information from other sources than guidelines, including computerized clinical decision support that is integrated in the EHRs.

Objective

The objective of this paper was to describe the development strategy, the overall content, and the management of EBMPracticeNet which may be of relevance to other health organizations creating national or regional electronic point-of-care information services.

Methods

Several candidate providers of comprehensive guideline solutions were evaluated and one database was selected. Translation of the guidelines to Dutch and French was done with translation software, post-editing by translators and medical proofreading. A strategy is determined to adapt the guideline content to the Belgian context. Acceptance of the computerized clinical decision support tool has been tested and a randomized controlled trial is planned to evaluate the effect on process and patient outcomes.

Results

Currently, EBMPracticeNet is in "work in progress" state. Reference is made to the results of a pilot study and to further planned research including a randomized controlled trial.

Conclusions

The collaboration of government, health care providers, EBM partners, and vendors of EHRs is unique. The potential value of the project is great. The link between all the EHRs from different vendors and a national database held on a single platform that is controlle...

van den Hoven, E, van de Garde-Perik, E, Offermans, S, van Boerdonk, K & Lenssen, K-MH 2013, 'Moving Tangible Interaction Systems to the Next Level', COMPUTER, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 70-76.
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Understanding tangible interactions foundational concepts can lead to systems with direct, integrated, and meaningful data control and representation.

VEITCH, D, GORST-RASMUSSEN, A & GEFFERTH, A 2013, 'WHY FARIMA MODELS ARE BRITTLE', Fractals, vol. 21, no. 02, pp. 1350012-1350012.
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The FARIMA models, which have long-range-dependence (LRD), are widely used in many areas. Through the derivation of a precise characterization of the spectrum and variance time function, we show that this family is very atypical among LRD processes, being extremely close to the fractional Gaussian noise in a precise sense which results in ultra-fast convergence to fGn under rescaling. Furthermore, we show that this closeness property is not robust to additive noise. We argue that the use of FARIMA, and more generally fractionally differenced time series, should be reassessed in some contexts, in particular when convergence rate under rescaling is important and noise is expected.

Veitch, V, Ferrie, C, Gross, D & Emerson, J 2013, 'Corrigendum: Negative quasi-probability as a resource for quantum computation', New Journal of Physics, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 039502-039502.
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Verma, P, Singh, R & Singh, AK 2013, 'A framework to integrate speech based interface for blind web users on the websites of public interest', Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1-18.
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AbstractDespite many assistive tools available for browsing the web, blind persons are not able to perform the tasks using internet that are done by persons without such disability. Even the futuristic social networking sites and other websites using the features of web 2.0 indicate a lesser accessible/responsible web. In this paper, we propose a framework, which can be used by the websites of public interest to make their important utilities better accessible and usable to blind web users. The approach is based on providing an alternate access system on the fly using one single website. The framework makes use of existing technologies like JavaScript, available speech APIs etc. and therefore provides a lightweight and robust solution to the accessibility problem. As a case study, we demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed framework by showing its working on a key functionality of the Indian Railways Reservation Website.

Visintin, P, Oehlers, DJ, Haskett, M & Wu, C 2013, 'Mechanics-Based Hinge Analysis for Reinforced Concrete Columns', Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 139, no. 11, pp. 1973-1980.
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Visintin, P, Oehlers, DJ, Muhamad, R & Wu, C 2013, 'Partial-interaction short term serviceability deflection of RC beams', Engineering Structures, vol. 56, pp. 993-1006.
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Voinov, A & Shugart, HH 2013, '‘Integronsters’, integral and integrated modeling', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 39, pp. 149-158.
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Wahid, H, Ha, QP, Duc, H & Azzi, M 2013, 'Neural network-based meta-modelling approach for estimating spatial distribution of air pollutant levels', APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 4087-4096.
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Continuous measurements of the air pollutant concentrations at monitoring stations serve as a reliable basis for air quality regulations. Their availability is however limited only at locations of interest. In most situations, the spatial distribution beyond these locations still remains uncertain as it is highly influenced by other factors such as emission sources, meteorological effects, dispersion and topographical conditions. To overcome this issue, a larger number of monitoring stations could be installed, but it would involve a high investment cost. An alternative solution is via the use of a deterministic air quality model (DAQM), which is mostly adopted by regulatory authorities for prediction in the temporal and spatial domain as well as for policy scenario development. Nevertheless, the results obtained from a model are subject to some uncertainties and it requires, in general, a significant computation time. In this work, a meta-modelling approach based on neural network evaluation is proposed to improve the estimated spatial distribution of the pollutant concentrations. From a dispersion model, it is suggested that the spatially-distributed pollutant levels (i.e. ozone, in this study) across a region under consideration is a function of the grid coordinates, topographical information, solar radiation and the pollutant's precursor emission. Initially, for training the model, the input-output relationship is extracted from a photochemical dispersion model called The Air Pollution Model and Chemical Transport Model (TAPM-CTM), and some of those input-output data are correlated with the ambient measurements collected at monitoring stations. Here, improved radial basis function networks, incorporating a proposed technique for selection of the network centres, will be developed and trained by using the data obtained and the forward selection approach. The methodology is then applied to estimate the ozone concentrations in the Sydney basin, Austral...

Wang, F, Toe, WJ, Lee, WM, McGloin, D, Gao, Q, Tan, HH, Jagadish, C & Reece, PJ 2013, 'Resolving Stable Axial Trapping Points of Nanowires in an Optical Tweezers Using Photoluminescence Mapping', Nano Letters, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1185-1191.
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Axially resolved microphotoluminescence mapping of semiconductor nanowires held in an optical tweezers reveals important new experimental information regarding equilibrium trapping points and trapping stability of high aspect ratio nanostructures. In this study, holographic optical tweezers are used to scan trapped InP nanowires along the beam direction with respect to a fixed excitation source and the luminescent properties are recorded. It is observed that nanowires with lengths on the range of 3-15 μm are stably trapped near the tip of the wire with the long segment positioned below the focus in an inverted trapping configuration. Through the use of trap multiplexing we investigate the possibility of improving the axial stability of the trapped nanowires. Our results have important implication for applications of optically assisted nanowire assembly and optical tweezers based scanning probes microscopy. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

Wang, G, Guo, L, Gandomi, AH, Cao, L, Alavi, AH, Duan, H & Li, J 2013, 'Lévy-Flight Krill Herd Algorithm', Mathematical Problems in Engineering, vol. 2013, pp. 1-14.
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To improve the performance of the krill herd (KH) algorithm, in this paper, a Lévy-flight krill herd (LKH) algorithm is proposed for solving optimization tasks within limited computing time. The improvement includes the addition of a new local Lévy-flight (LLF) operator during the process when updating krill in order to improve its efficiency and reliability coping with global numerical optimization problems. The LLF operator encourages the exploitation and makes the krill individuals search the space carefully at the end of the search. The elitism scheme is also applied to keep the best krill during the process when updating the krill. Fourteen standard benchmark functions are used to verify the effects of these improvements and it is illustrated that, in most cases, the performance of this novel metaheuristic LKH method is superior to, or at least highly competitive with, the standard KH and other population-based optimization methods. Especially, this new method can accelerate the global convergence speed to the true global optimum while preserving the main feature of the basic KH.

Wang, G-G, Guo, L, Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH & Duan, H 2013, 'Simulated Annealing-Based Krill Herd Algorithm for Global Optimization', Abstract and Applied Analysis, vol. 2013, pp. 1-11.
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Recently, Gandomi and Alavi proposed a novel swarm intelligent method, called krill herd (KH), for global optimization. To enhance the performance of the KH method, in this paper, a new improved meta-heuristic simulated annealing-based krill herd (SKH) method is proposed for optimization tasks. A new krill selecting (KS) operator is used to refine krill behavior when updating krill’s position so as to enhance its reliability and robustness dealing with optimization problems. The introduced KS operator involves greedy strategy and accepting few not-so-good solutions with a low probability originally used in simulated annealing (SA). In addition, a kind of elitism scheme is used to save the best individuals in the population in the process of the krill updating. The merits of these improvements are verified by fourteen standard benchmarking functions and experimental results show that, in most cases, the performance of this improved meta-heuristic SKH method is superior to, or at least highly competitive with, the standard KH and other optimization methods.

Wang, G-G, Hossein Gandomi, A & Hossein Alavi, A 2013, 'A chaotic particle-swarm krill herd algorithm for global numerical optimization', Kybernetes, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 962-978.
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Purpose – To improve the performance of the krill herd (KH) algorithm, in this paper, a series of chaotic particle-swarm krill herd (CPKH) algorithms are proposed for solving optimization tasks within limited time requirements. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – In CPKH, chaos sequence is introduced into the KH algorithm so as to further enhance its global search ability. Findings – This new method can accelerate the global convergence speed while preserving the strong robustness of the basic KH. Originality/value – Here, 32 different benchmarks and a gear train design problem are applied to tune the three main movements of the krill in CPKH method. It has been demonstrated that, in most cases, CPKH with an appropriate chaotic map performs superiorly to, or at least highly competitively with, the standard KH and other population-based optimization methods.

Wang, H, Huang, S, Frese, U & Dissanayake, G 2013, 'The nonlinearity structure of point feature SLAM problems with spherical covariance matrices', AUTOMATICA, vol. 49, no. 10, pp. 3112-3119.
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This paper proves that the optimization problem of one-step point feature Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is equivalent to a nonlinear optimization problem of a single variable when the associated uncertainties can be described using spherical covariance matrices. Furthermore, it is proven that this optimization problem has at most two minima. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of one or two minima are derived in a form that can be easily evaluated using observation and odometry data. It is demonstrated that more than one minimum exists only when the observation and odometry data are extremely inconsistent with each other. A numerical algorithm based on bisection is proposed for solving the one-dimensional nonlinear optimization problem. It is shown that the approach extends to joining of two maps, thus can be used to obtain an approximate solution to the complete SLAM problem through map joining. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Wang, L, Dimitrijev, S, Walker, G, Han, JS, Iacopi, A, Tanner, P, Hold, L, Zhao, Y & Iacopi, F 2013, 'Color Chart for Thin SiC Films Grown on Si Substrates', Materials Science Forum, vol. 740-742, pp. 279-282.
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In this paper, a color chart was defined for thin SiC films grown on Si substrates. For SiC films thinner than 500 nm, the surface color was observed using an optical microscope with the incident light normally illuminated on the SiC surface. An image of the surface was then taken by a camera attached to the optical microscope and the surface color was defined using RGB code. For SiC films thicker than 500 nm, the image taken by the camera did not represent the real color of the SiC film. Therefore, for these thicker SiC films, the colors were defined by observing the films under daylight fluorescent lighting by naked eyes. It was found that the colors of the SiC films vary periodically as the thickness increased. No color saturation was found for SiC films up to 1185 nm thick.

Wang, L, Luo, Z & Juang, CH 2013, 'Foundation Engineering in the Face of Uncertainty', Geotechnical Special Publication, no. 229, pp. 530-541.
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In this paper, an efficient framework based on the maximum likelihood principle for inverse analysis of soil parameters in braced excavations is proposed. With this framework, the observed maximum ground settlement and maximum wall deflection are used to back-calculate soil parameters through a semi-empirical model. The updated soil parameters from the current stage of excavation can be used to predict the maximum ground settlement and maximum wall deflection in the subsequent stages of excavations. The proposed framework is computationally efficient and can easily be implemented in a spreadsheet. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is illustrated with a well documented excavation case. The results of the case study show that the updated soil parameters improve the accuracy of predictions of the wall and ground responses in a braced excavation. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Wang, M, Khalilpour, R & Abbas, A 2013, 'Operation optimization of propane precooled mixed refrigerant processes', Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, vol. 15, pp. 93-105.
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Wang, N, Zhang, J & Xia, X 2013, 'Desiccant wheel thermal performance modeling for indoor humidity optimal control', Applied Energy, vol. 112, pp. 999-1005.
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Wang, N, Zhang, J & Xia, X 2013, 'Energy consumption of air conditioners at different temperature set points', Energy and Buildings, vol. 65, pp. 412-418.
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Wang, Q, Ye, L, Jiang, G & Yuan, Z 2013, 'A free nitrous acid (FNA)-based technology for reducing sludge production', Water Research, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 3663-3672.
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Wang, Q, Ye, L, Jiang, G, Jensen, PD, Batstone, DJ & Yuan, Z 2013, 'Free Nitrous Acid (FNA)-Based Pretreatment Enhances Methane Production from Waste Activated Sludge', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 47, no. 20, pp. 11897-11904.
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Wang, R, Cohen, G, Stiefel, KM, Hamilton, TJ, Tapson, J & van Schaik, A 2013, 'An FPGA Implementation of a Polychronous Spiking Neural Network with Delay Adaptation', Frontiers in Neuroscience, vol. 7.
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Wang, Y-K, Sheng, G-P, Ni, B-J, Li, W-W, Zeng, RJ, Wang, Y-Q, Shi, B-J & Yu, H-Q 2013, 'Simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removals in membrane bioreactor with mesh filter: An experimental and modeling approach', Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 95, pp. 78-84.
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Wang, Y-Q, He, J-J, Luo, Z & Kang, Z 2013, 'An adaptive method for high-resolution topology design', Acta Mechanica Sinica, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 840-850.
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For the purpose of achieving high-resolution optimal solutions this paper proposes a nodal design variable-based adaptive method for topology optimization of continuum structures. The analysis mesh-independent density field, interpolated by the nodal des

Wang, Z, Chen, S, Mo, H, Huang, Y, Li, J, Sun, J, Liu, L & Zhao, S 2013, 'A simple and economical method in purifying dairy goat luteal cells', Tissue and Cell, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 269-274.
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Warkiani, ME, Bhagat, AAS, Khoo, BL, Han, J, Lim, CT, Gong, HQ & Fane, AG 2013, 'Isoporous Micro/Nanoengineered Membranes', ACS Nano, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1882-1904.
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Wei Ni, Ren Ping Liu, Collings, IB & Xin Wang 2013, 'Indoor cooperative small cells over ethernet', IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 51, no. 9, pp. 100-107.
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The ubiquitous Ethernet has great potential to become an easy-to-install cost-effective backhaul solution for mobile small cells. However, limited Ethernet bandwidth is a practical constraint. Not only is small cell capacity limited by Ethernet bandwidth, but also the synchronization between cells can be substantially compromised. In this article we discuss small cells with Ethernet backhaul, focusing on two practical and important aspects: backhaul bandwidth requirements and tolerance to synchronization errors. The aspects become challenging in indoor small cell applications where the cells need to cooperatively suppress strong interference, producing a large amount of backhaul traffic. To address the challenges, we introduce a new distributed scheme of cooperative small cells over Ethernet. Exploiting a soft information combining technique, the scheme allows the signals of cooperative cells to be combined at aggregate switches along their backhaul paths, reducing backhaul traffic in Ethernet and distributing computational complexity. Our case study shows that the distributed scheme can reduce small cell backhaul traffic by 64 percent, compared to a conventional centralized approach. It is also tolerant to a large frequency error of ±4.6 ppm in a ¿freerun¿ state where synchronization is lost. Given the substantially reduced backhaul traffic, the new distributed scheme is able to support three times the cooperative small cells of the conventional centralized approach. © 1979-2012 IEEE. © 2013 IEEE.

Wei, D, Jiang, Z & Han, J 2013, 'Modelling of the evolution of crack of nanoscale in iron', Computational Materials Science, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 270-277.
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Metal owns the ability of self-healing to some extent, and the ability of the internal crack healing is most desirable for improving the reliability of metal. A molecular dynamics simulation has been further developed to investigate the evolution of a nanoscale crack in body centred cubic Fe crystal under the conditions of heating or compressive pressure. When system temperature drops, the evolution of the crack that was at elevated temperature has been studied for the first time. N-body potential according to the embedded atom method has been adopted. The original nanoscale crack is expressed by removing some atoms in the centre of the cell, and the minimum vertical distance between the atoms on the top and bottom crack surfaces has been defined as Dm for assessing the process of crack evolution. The results show that a crack healing process can be accelerated significantly with an increase of temperature. When the system temperature decreases, Dm of the crack that was in healing process does not change significantly but fluctuates in a narrow range. This means that the crack healing is the result of Fe atoms diffusing into the crack area but not the thermal stress incurred in the simulation cell at elevated temperature. The pre-compressive pressure under the condition of both biaxial and uniaxial loadings can help promote the crack healing significantly and results in more uniform distribution of defects after healing.

Wei, HF, Chen, HW, Chen, SP, Yan, PG, Liu, T, Guo, L, Lei, Y, Chen, ZL, Li, J, Zhang, XB, Zhang, GL, Hou, J, Tong, WJ, Luo, J, Li, JY & Chen, KK 2013, 'A compact seven-core photonic crystal fiber supercontinuum source with 42.3 W output power', Laser Physics Letters, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 045101-045101.
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Wei, W, Li, J, Cao, L, Ou, Y & Chen, J 2013, 'Effective detection of sophisticated online banking fraud on extremely imbalanced data', World Wide Web, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 449-475.
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Sophisticated online banking fraud reflects the integrative abuse of resources in social, cyber and physical worlds. Its detection is a typical use case of the broad-based Wisdom Web of Things (W2T) methodology. However, there is very limited information available to distinguish dynamic fraud from genuine customer behavior in such an extremely sparse and imbalanced data environment, which makes the instant and effective detection become more and more important and challenging. In this paper, we propose an effective online banking fraud detection framework that synthesizes relevant resources and incorporates several advanced data mining techniques. By building a contrast vector for each transaction based on its customer's historical behavior sequence, we profile the differentiating rate of each current transaction against the customer's behavior preference. A novel algorithm, ContrastMiner, is introduced to efficiently mine contrast patterns and distinguish fraudulent from genuine behavior, followed by an effective pattern selection and risk scoring that combines predictions from different models. Results from experiments on large-scale real online banking data demonstrate that our system can achieve substantially higher accuracy and lower alert volume than the latest benchmarking fraud detection system incorporating domain knowledge and traditional fraud detection methods. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Wen, S, Bao, G, Zeng, Z, Chen, Y & Huang, T 2013, 'Global exponential synchronization of memristor-based recurrent neural networks with time-varying delays', Neural Networks, vol. 48, pp. 195-203.
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Wen, S, Zeng, Z & Huang, T 2013, 'Observer-based control of discrete time-delay systems with random communication packet losses and multiplicative noises', Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 219, no. 12, pp. 6484-6493.
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Wi, HJ, Lee, JH, Blumenstein, M, Guan, H & Loo, YC 2013, 'Development of Methodology for Enhancing Visual Bridge Condition Assessment Using Image Processing Techniques', Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 256-259, no. PART 1, pp. 1563-1570.
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Many bridge authorities have implemented Bridge Information Systems (BISs) or Bridge Management Systems (BMSs) to effectively manage their routine inspection information. The success of a BMS is highly dependent on the quality of bridge inspection outcomes and accurate estimation of future bridge condition ratings. To ensure such successful outcomes, a BMS must (1) contain reliable, consistent and accurate condition data from routine bridge inspections; and (2) encompass reliable deterioration modelling that overcomes the shortcomings of a lack of historical bridge inspection records. However published literature demonstrates that several limitations exist particularly in terms of inconsistency of inspection outcomes due to subjective judgment. To minimise such limitations, this paper presents a feasibility study for the enhancement of the current visual bridge inspection method using optical image processing techniques. The development work consists of image processing and knowledge-based approaches. It is anticipated that the proposed method is capable of minimising the shortcomings of subjective judgment on condition rating assessment and providing cost effective solutions to bridge agencies. Ultimately, the proposed bridge inspection methodology can provide consistent and accurate evaluation on the condition states of bridge elements. This in turn will lead to more reliable predictions of long-term bridge performance.

Wijekoon, KC, Fujioka, T, McDonald, JA, Khan, SJ, Hai, FI, Price, WE & Nghiem, LD 2013, 'Removal of N-nitrosamines by an aerobic membrane bioreactor', Bioresource Technology, vol. 141, pp. 41-45.
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Wijekoon, KC, Hai, FI, Kang, J, Price, WE, Guo, W, Ngo, HH & Nghiem, LD 2013, 'The fate of pharmaceuticals, steroid hormones, phytoestrogens, UV-filters and pesticides during MBR treatment', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 144, pp. 247-254.
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This study examined the relationship between molecular properties and the fate of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in the aqueous and solid phases during wastewater treatment by MBR. A set of 29 TrOCs was selected to represent pharmaceuticals, steroid hormones, phytoestrogens, UV-filters and pesticides that occur ubiquitously in municipal wastewater. Both adsorption and biodegradation/transformation were found responsible for the removal of TrOCs by MBR treatment. A connection between biodegradation and molecular structure could be observed while adsorption was the dominant removal mechanism for the hydrophobic (logD > 3.2) compounds. Highly hydrophobic (logD > 3.2) but readily biodegradable compounds did not accumulate in sludge. In contrast, recalcitrant compounds with a moderate hydrophobicity, such as carbamazepine, accumulated significantly in the solid phase. The results provide a framework to predict the removal and fate of TrOCs by MBR treatment.

Williams, M & Catchpoole, D 2013, 'Sequestration of AS-DACA into Acidic Compartments of the Membrane Trafficking System as a Mechanism of Drug Resistance in Rhabdomyosarcoma', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 13042-13062.
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The accumulation of weakly basic drugs into acidic organelles has recently been described as a contributor to resistance in childhood cancer rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cell lines with differential sensitivity to a novel topoisomerase II inhibitor, AS-DACA. The current study aims to explore the contribution of the endocytic pathway to AS-DACA sequestration in RMS cell lines. A 24-fold differential in AS-DACA cytotoxicity was detected between the RMS lines RD and Rh30. The effect of inhibitors of the endocytic pathway on AS-DACA sensitivity in RMS cell lines, coupled with the variations of endosomal marker expression, indicated the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment was implicated by confounding lines of evidence. Higher expression levels of Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein-1 (LAMP1) in the resistant RMS cell line, RD, provided correlations between the increased amount and activity of these compartments to AS-DACA resistance. The late endosomal inhibitor 3-methyladenine increased AS-DACA sensitivity solely in RD leading to the reduction of AS-DACA in membrane trafficking organelles. Acidification inhibitors did not produce an increase in AS-DACA sensitivity nor reduce its sequestration, indicating that the pH partitioning of weakly basic drugs into acidic compartments does not likely contribute to the AS-DACA sequestering resistance mechanism evident in RMS cells.

Wong, GY, Leung, FHF & Ling, SH 2013, 'Predicting Protein-Ligand Binding Site Using Support Vector Machine with Protein Properties', IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 1517-1529.
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Identification of protein-ligand binding site is an important task in structure-based drug design and docking algorithms. In the past two decades, different approaches have been developed to predict the binding site, such as the geometric, energetic, and sequence-based methods. When scores are calculated from these methods, the algorithm for doing classification becomes very important and can affect the prediction results greatly. In this paper, the support vector machine (SVM) is used to cluster the pockets that are most likely to bind ligands with the attributes of geometric characteristics, interaction potential, offset from protein, conservation score, and properties surrounding the pockets. Our approach is compared to LIGSITE, LIGSITEcsc, SURFNET, Fpocket, PocketFinder, Q-SiteFinder, ConCavity, and MetaPocket on the data set LigASite and 198 drug-target protein complexes. The results show that our approach improves the success rate from 60 to 80 percent at AUC measure and from 61 to 66 percent at top 1 prediction. Our method also provides more comprehensive results than the others.

Woodside, AG, Sood, S & Muniz, KM 2013, 'Creating and Interpreting Visual Storytelling Art in Extending Thematic Apperception Tests and Jung's Method of Interpreting Dreams', Advances in Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, vol. 7, pp. 15-45.
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The main thesis here is that the stories that some brands tell to consumers enable consumers to achieve archetypal experiences. Examining the stories consumers tell in natural contexts involving shopping for and using brands informs explanations of associations of archetypes, brands, and consumers. The study advances the use of degrees-offreedom analysis (DFA) and creating visual narrative art (VNA) as useful steps for confirming or disconfirming whether or not the stories consumers tell have themes, events, and outcomes that match with the core storylines told by brands. As a proposal, an extension of thematic apperception tests (TATs) is relevant in applying the DFA to brand-consumer storytelling research. The study includes a review of early work on TATs, DFA, archetypal theory, and how brands become icons. The study's theory, method, and findings provide useful tools for brand managers and researchers on issues that relate to psychology and marketing. © 2013 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Wroe, S, Chamoli, U, Parr, WCH, Clausen, P, Ridgely, R & Witmer, L 2013, 'Comparative Biomechanical Modeling of Metatherian and Placental Saber-Tooths: A Different Kind of Bite for an Extreme Pouched Predator', PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. e66888-e66888.
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Wu, C & Sheikh, H 2013, 'A finite element modelling to investigate the mitigation of blast effects on reinforced concrete panel using foam cladding', International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 55, pp. 24-33.
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Wu, C, Lukaszewicz, M, Schebella, K & Antanovskii, L 2013, 'Experimental and numerical investigation of confined explosion in a blast chamber', Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 737-750.
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An experimental blast program consisting of four tests was conducted in a blast chamber to investigate the effects of cylindrical charges on the peak reflected overpressure and impulse on the wall of the chamber. The charge mass varied from 0.095 kg to 0.2 kg and the standoff distance remained constant at 1.5 m and 1.3 m for the axial and radial directions, respectively. Eight pressure transducers were used in each test to measure the reflected overpressures on confined chamber walls at key locations. A high speed camera was used to record footage of each blast event. The test results indicated that UFC-3-340-02 (Unified Facilities Criteria, 2008) gives a significantly lower prediction for the axially oriented cylindrical charge, and also underestimates the radially oriented cylinder. Another purpose of the blast program was to develop an experimental data set which would validate the AUTODYN model. This would enable the validated AUTODYN model to be used with confidence to generate the overpressure and impulse distribution on a structural element for varying parameters such as the charge shape and charge orientations. Based on the simulated results a new blast model for cylindrical charges has been proposed by considering blast loading on the same level as the charge across the longitudinal direction. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Wu, H, Liu, H & Liu, D 2013, 'Two-Dimensional Direction Recognition Using Uniaxial Tactile Arrays', IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 4897-4903.
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To allow intuitive communication in human-robot cooperation through tactile information, this paper presents a method to recognize human intended direction in 2-D using a handlebar equipped with uniaxial tactile arrays. The method first extracts various features from the tactile images aiming to reduce computation complexity and increase recognition robustness. A support vector machines classifier was implemented for classifying the intended direction of humans using the extracted features. The algorithm efficiency of using different combinations of features has been investigated and compared through human user studies. In total, five human users in the project team were involved in this research. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve 91.7% recognition accuracy if both the training data and validation data contain tactile images from all the users. The method could still achieve 77.5% recognition accuracy when the training and validation data share no common user. © 2013 IEEE.

Wu, J, Luo, Z, Zhang, Y, Zhang, N & Chen, L 2013, 'Interval uncertain method for multibody mechanical systems using Chebyshev inclusion functions', International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol. 95, no. 7, pp. 608-630.
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SUMMARYThis study proposes a new uncertain analysis method for multibody dynamics of mechanical systems based on Chebyshev inclusion functions The interval model accounts for the uncertainties in multibody mechanical systems comprising uncertain‐but‐bounded parameters, which only requires lower and upper bounds of uncertain parameters, without having to know probability distributions. A Chebyshev inclusion function based on the truncated Chebyshev series, rather than the Taylor inclusion function, is proposed to achieve sharper and tighter bounds for meaningful solutions of interval functions, to effectively handle the overestimation caused by the wrapping effect, intrinsic to interval computations. The Mehler integral is used to evaluate the coefficients of Chebyshev polynomials in the numerical implementation. The multibody dynamics of mechanical systems are governed by index‐3 differential algebraic equations (DAEs), including a combination of differential equations and algebraic equations, responsible for the dynamics of the system subject to certain constraints. The proposed interval method with Chebyshev inclusion functions is applied to solve the DAEs in association with appropriate numerical solvers. This study employs HHT‐I3 as the numerical solver to transform the DAEs into a series of nonlinear algebraic equations at each integration time step, which are solved further by using the Newton–Raphson iterative method at the current time step. Two typical multibody dynamic systems with interval parameters, the slider crank and double pendulum mechanisms, are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The results show that the proposed methodology can supply sufficient numerical accuracy with a reasonable computational cost and is able to effectively handle the wrapping effect, as cosine functions are incorporated to sharpen the range of non‐monotonic interval functions. Copyright © 2013 ...

Wu, J, Peng, Z & Tipper, J 2013, 'Investigation of three-dimensional surface topographies and mechanical properties of hypothesized biological active wear particles from artificial joints', Wear, vol. 301, no. 1-2, pp. 182-187.
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Wu, J, Peng, Z & Tipper, J 2013, 'Mechanical Properties and Three-Dimensional Topological Characterisation of Micron, Submicron and Nanoparticles from Artificial Joints', Tribology Letters, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 449-460.
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Wu, J, Wang, J, Lu, H, Dong, Y & Lu, X 2013, 'Short term load forecasting technique based on the seasonal exponential adjustment method and the regression model', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 1-9.
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For an energy-limited economy system, it is crucial to forecast load demand accurately. This paper devotes to 1-week-ahead daily load forecasting approach in which load demand series are predicted by employing the information of days before being similar to that of the forecast day. As well as in many nonlinear systems, seasonal item and trend item are coexisting in load demand datasets. In this paper, the existing of the seasonal item in the load demand data series is firstly verified according to the Kendall τ correlation testing method. Then in the belief of the separate forecasting to the seasonal item and the trend item would improve the forecasting accuracy, hybrid models by combining seasonal exponential adjustment method (SEAM) with the regression methods are proposed in this paper, where SEAM and the regression models are employed to seasonal and trend items forecasting respectively. Comparisons of the quartile values as well as the mean absolute percentage error values demonstrate this forecasting technique can significantly improve the accuracy though models applied to the trend item forecasting are eleven different ones. This superior performance of this separate forecasting technique is further confirmed by the paired-sample T tests. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Wu, J, Zhang, Y, Chen, L & Luo, Z 2013, 'A Chebyshev interval method for nonlinear dynamic systems under uncertainty', Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 4578-4591.
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This paper proposes a new interval analysis method for the dynamic response of nonlinear systems with uncertain-but-bounded parameters using Chebyshev polynomial series. Interval model can be used to describe nonlinear dynamic systems under uncertainty with low-order Taylor series expansions. However, the Taylor series-based interval method can only suit problems with small uncertain levels. To account for larger uncertain levels, this study introduces Chebyshev series expansions into interval model to develop a new uncertain method for dynamic nonlinear systems. In contrast to the Taylor series, the Chebyshev series can offer a higher numerical accuracy in the approximation of solutions. The Chebyshev inclusion function is developed to control the overestimation in interval computations, based on the truncated Chevbyshev series expansion. The Mehler integral is used to calculate the coefficients of Chebyshev polynomials. With the proposed Chebyshev approximation, the set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with interval parameters can be transformed to a new set of ODEs with deterministic parameters, to which many numerical solvers for ODEs can be directly applied. Two numerical examples are applied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, in particular its ability to effectively control the overestimation as a non-intrusive method. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.

Wu, Z, Xu, G, Lu, C, Chen, E, Zhang, Y & Zhang, H 2013, 'Position-wise contextual advertising: Placing relevant ads at appropriate positions of a web page', Neurocomputing, vol. 120, no. 1, pp. 524-535.
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Web advertising, a form of online advertising, which uses the Internet as a medium to post product or service information and attract customers, has become one of the most important marketing channels. As one prevalent type of web advertising, contextual

Xia, X & Zhang, J 2013, 'Mathematical description for the measurement and verification of energy efficiency improvement', Applied Energy, vol. 111, pp. 247-256.
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Xiao, J, Li, W, Corr, DJ & Shah, SP 2013, 'Effects of interfacial transition zones on the stress–strain behavior of modeled recycled aggregate concrete', Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 52, pp. 82-99.
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Based on nanoindentation tests and analysis, the constitutive relationship of the Interfacial Transition Zones (ITZs) in Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) is put forward. Together with the meso/micro-scale mechanical properties of each phase in Modeled Recycled Aggregate Concrete (MRAC), the plastic-damage constitutive models are employed in numerical studies on MRAC under uniaxial compression and uniaxial tension loadings to predict the overall mechanical behavior, particularly the stress-strain relationship. After the calibration and validation with the experimental results, a parametric study has been undertaken to analyze the effects of ITZs and new mortar matrix on the stress-strain relationship of MRAC. It is revealed that the mechanical properties of new mortar matrix and relative mechanical properties between ITZs and mortar matrices play a significant role in the overall stress-strain relationship and failure patterns of MRAC under both uniaxial compression and uniaxial tension loadings. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Xiao, J, Li, W, Corr, DJ & Shah, SP 2013, 'Simulation Study on the Stress Distribution in Modeled Recycled Aggregate Concrete under Uniaxial Compression', Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 504-518.
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To investigate the stress distribution in recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) under uniaxial compression, modeled recycled aggregate concrete (MRAC) was studied by numerical simulation. The mechanical properties of interfacial transition zones (ITZs) of RAC were measured by the nanoindentation technique. A two-dimensional numerical study of the stress distribution characteristics of MRAC under the uniaxial compression is presented. The simulation was verified by experimental results. A parametric analysis is then conducted to study the sensitivity of each phase's mechanical properties and the amounts of old cement mortar in the MRAC. Simulation results demonstrate that a concentration of tensile stress and shear stress appears around new and old ITZ regions. It is found that when the elastic modulus of natural aggregates increases, the magnitude of tensile stress concentration becomes higher, whereas as the elastic modulus of ITZs increases, the magnitude of stress concentration decreases. It is also shown that the higher relative elastic modulus of new cement mortar compared with that of the old cement mortar significantly reduces the stress concentrations at the regions between recycled coarse aggregate particles. The amount of old cement mortar affects the stress distribution in the new ITZ much more obviously than that in the old ITZ. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Xiao, J, Li, W, Sun, Z, Lange, DA & Shah, SP 2013, 'Properties of interfacial transition zones in recycled aggregate concrete tested by nanoindentation', Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 276-292.
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The properties of new Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) and old ITZ in Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) were investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and nanoindentation. From the SEM images, obvious voids and high concentration of calcium hydroxide can be found in both old ITZ and new ITZ in RAC. Based on the nanoindentation study, it is indicated that the thicknesses of old and new ITZs are in the range 40-50 μm and in the range 55-65 μm, respectively. It is also found that the average indentation modulus of old ITZ is 70-80% of that of old paste matrix, while the average indentation modulus of new ITZ is 80-90% of that of new paste matrix. Additionally, the influences of mix proportion, aggregate types and hydration age on the properties of ITZs in RAC are discussed in this study.© 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Xie, M, Nghiem, LD, Price, WE & Elimelech, M 2013, 'A Forward Osmosis-Membrane Distillation Hybrid Process for Direct Sewer Mining: System Performance and Limitations', ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, vol. 47, no. 23, pp. 13486-13493.
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Xie, M, Nghiem, LD, Price, WE & Elimelech, M 2013, 'Impact of humic acid fouling on membrane performance and transport of pharmaceutically active compounds in forward osmosis', WATER RESEARCH, vol. 47, no. 13, pp. 4567-4575.
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Xie, W-M, Ni, B-J, Seviour, T & Yu, H-Q 2013, 'Evaluating the impact of operational parameters on the formation of soluble microbial products (SMP) by activated sludge', Water Research, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 1073-1079.
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Xie, Y, Hu, J, Xiang, Y, Yu, S, Tang, S & Wang, Y 2013, 'Modeling Oscillation Behavior of Network Traffic by Nested Hidden Markov Model with Variable State-Duration', IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 1807-1817.
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Xin, J, Chen, K, Bai, L, Liu, D & Zhang, J 2013, 'Depth Adaptive Zooming Visual Servoing for a Robot with a Zooming Camera', International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 120-120.
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To solve the view visibility problem and keep the observed object in the field of view (FOV) during the visual servoing, a depth adaptive zooming visual servoing strategy for a manipulator robot with a zooming camera is proposed. Firstly, a zoom control mechanism is introduced into the robot visual servoing system. It can dynamically adjust the camera's field of view to keep all the feature points on the object in the field of view of the camera and get high object local resolution at the end of visual servoing. Secondly, an invariant visual servoing method is employed to control the robot to the desired position under the changing intrinsic parameters of the camera. Finally, a nonlinear depth adaptive estimation scheme in the invariant space using Lyapunov stability theory is proposed to estimate adaptively the depth of the image features on the object. Three kinds of robot 4DOF visual positioning simulation experiments are conducted. The simulation experiment results show that the proposed approach has higher positioning precision. © 2013 Xin et al.

Xinwang Liu, Jianping Yin, Lei Wang, Lingqiao Liu, Jun Liu, Chenping Hou & Jian Zhang 2013, 'An Adaptive Approach to Learning Optimal Neighborhood Kernels', IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 371-384.
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Learning an optimal kernel plays a pivotal role in kernel-based methods. Recently, an approach called optimal neighborhood kernel learning (ONKL) has been proposed, showing promising classification performance. It assumes that the optimal kernel will reside in the neighborhood of a 'pre-specified' kernel. Nevertheless, how to specify such a kernel in a principled way remains unclear. To solve this issue, this paper treats the pre-specified kernel as an extra variable and jointly learns it with the optimal neighborhood kernel and the structure parameters of support vector machines. To avoid trivial solutions, we constrain the pre-specified kernel with a parameterized model. We first discuss the characteristics of our approach and in particular highlight its adaptivity. After that, two instantiations are demonstrated by modeling the pre-specified kernel as a common Gaussian radial basis function kernel and a linear combination of a set of base kernels in the way of multiple kernel learning (MKL), respectively. We show that the optimization in our approach is a min-max problem and can be efficiently solved by employing the extended level method and Nesterov's method. Also, we give the probabilistic interpretation for our approach and apply it to explain the existing kernel learning methods, providing another perspective for their commonness and differences. Comprehensive experimental results on 13 UCI data sets and another two real-world data sets show that via the joint learning process, our approach not only adaptively identifies the pre-specified kernel, but also achieves superior classification performance to the original ONKL and the related MKL algorithms. © 2012 IEEE.

Xinwang Liu, Lei Wang, Jianping Yin, En Zhu & Jian Zhang 2013, 'An Efficient Approach to Integrating Radius Information into Multiple Kernel Learning', IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 557-569.
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Integrating radius information has been demonstrated by recent work on multiple kernel learning (MKL) as a promising way to improve kernel learning performance. Directly integrating the radius of the minimum enclosing ball (MEB) into MKL as it is, however, not only incurs significant computational overhead but also possibly adversely affects the kernel learning performance due to the notorious sensitivity of this radius to outliers. Inspired by the relationship between the radius of the MEB and the trace of total data scattering matrix, this paper proposes to incorporate the latter into MKL to improve the situation. In particular, in order to well justify the incorporation of radius information, we strictly comply with the radius-margin bound of support vector machines (SVMs) and thus focus on the ℓ2-norm soft-margin SVM classifier. Detailed theoretical analysis is conducted to show how the proposed approach effectively preserves the merits of incorporating the radius of the MEB and how the resulting optimization is efficiently solved. Moreover, the proposed approach achieves the following advantages over its counterparts: 1) more robust in the presence of outliers or noisy training samples; 2) more computationally efficient by avoiding the quadratic optimization for computing the radius at each iteration; and 3) readily solvable by the existing off-the-shelf MKL packages. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on University of California, Irvine, protein subcellular localization, and Caltech-101 data sets, and the results well demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach. © 2012 IEEE.

Xinxing Xu, Tsang, IW & Dong Xu 2013, 'Soft Margin Multiple Kernel Learning', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 749-761.
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Multiple kernel learning (MKL) has been proposed for kernel methods by learning the optimal kernel from a set of predefined base kernels. However, the traditional L1MKL method often achieves worse results than the simplest method using the average of base kernels (i.e., average kernel) in some practical applications. In order to improve the effectiveness of MKL, this paper presents a novel soft margin perspective for MKL. Specifically, we introduce an additional slack variable called kernel slack variable to each quadratic constraint of MKL, which corresponds to one support vector machine model using a single base kernel. We first show that L1MKL can be deemed as hard margin MKL, and then we propose a novel soft margin framework for MKL. Three commonly used loss functions, including the hinge loss, the square hinge loss, and the square loss, can be readily incorporated into this framework, leading to the new soft margin MKL objective functions. Many existing MKL methods can be shown as special cases under our soft margin framework. For example, the hinge loss soft margin MKL leads to a new box constraint for kernel combination coefficients. Using different hyper-parameter values for this formulation, we can inherently bridge the method using average kernel, L1MKL, and the hinge loss soft margin MKL. The square hinge loss soft margin MKL unifies the family of elastic net constraint/regularizer based approaches; and the square loss soft margin MKL incorporates L2MKL naturally. Moreover, we also develop efficient algorithms for solving both the hinge loss and square hinge loss soft margin MKL. Comprehensive experimental studies for various MKL algorithms on several benchmark data sets and two real world applications, including video action recognition and event recognition demonstrate that our proposed algorithms can efficiently achieve an effective yet sparse solution for MKL.

Xu, C, Du, C, Zhao, GF & Yu, S 2013, 'A novel model for user clicks identification based on hidden semi-Markov', Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 791-798.
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Xu, D-Y, Yang, S-L & Liu, R-P 2013, 'A mixture of HMM, GA, and Elman network for load prediction in cloud-oriented data centers', Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE C, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 845-858.
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The rapid growth of computational power demand from scientific, business, and Web applications has led to the emergence of cloud-oriented data centers. These centers use pay-as-you-go execution environments that scale transparently to the user. Load prediction is a significant cost-optimal resource allocation and energy saving approach for a cloud computing environment. Traditional linear or nonlinear prediction models that forecast future load directly from historical information appear less effective. Load classification before prediction is necessary to improve prediction accuracy. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to forecast the future load for cloud-oriented data centers. First, a hidden Markov model (HMM) based data clustering method is adopted to classify the cloud load. The Bayesian information criterion and Akaike information criterion are employed to automatically determine the optimal HMM model size and cluster numbers. Trained HMMs are then used to identify the most appropriate cluster that possesses the maximum likelihood for current load. With the data from this cluster, a genetic algorithm optimized Elman network is used to forecast future load. Experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms other approaches reported in previous works. © 2013 Journal of Zhejiang University Science Editorial Office and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Xu, G, Yu, J & Lee, W 2013, 'Guest editorial: Social networks and social Web mining', World Wide Web, vol. 16, no. 5-6, pp. 541-544.
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Xu, J, Fu, Q, Ren, JM, Bryant, G & Qiao, GG 2013, 'Novel drug carriers: from grafted polymers to cross-linked vesicles', Chem. Commun., vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 33-35.
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Xu, M, Xu, C, He, X, Jin, JS, Luo, S & Rui, Y 2013, 'Hierarchical affective content analysis in arousal and valence dimensions', Signal Processing, vol. 93, no. 8, pp. 2140-2150.
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Different from the existing work focusing on emotion type detection, the proposed approach in this paper provides flexibility for users to pick up their favorite affective content by choosing either emotion intensity levels or emotion types. Specifically, we propose a hierarchical structure for movie emotions and analyze emotion intensity and emotion type by using arousal and valence related features hierarchically. Firstly, three emotion intensity levels are detected by using fuzzy c-mean clustering on arousal features. Fuzzy clustering provides a mathematical model to represent vagueness, which is close to human perception. Then, valence related features are used to detect five emotion types. Considering video is continuous time series data and the occurrence of a certain emotion is affected by recent emotional history, conditional random fields (CRFs) are used to capture the context information. Outperforming Hidden Markov Model, CRF relaxes the independence assumption for states required by HMM and avoids bias problem. Experimental results show that CRF-based hierarchical method outperforms the one-step method on emotion type detection. User study shows that majority of the viewers prefer to have option of accessing movie content by emotion intensity levels. Majority of the users are satisfied with the proposed emotion detection. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Xu, XX, Ding, MH, Zhang, JX, Zheng, W, Li, L & Zheng, YF 2013, 'A novel copper/polydimethiylsiloxane nanocomposite for copper‐containing intrauterine contraceptive devices', Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, vol. 101, no. 8, pp. 1428-1436.
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AbstractIn this article, a novel composite of copper (Cu) nanoparticles and polydimethiylsiloxane (PDMS) has been prepared and investigated for the potential application in Cu‐containing intrauterine device. The Cu/PDMS composite with various mass fraction of Cu nanoparticles was fabricated via the hot vulcanizing process. The chemical structures and surface morphologies of the Cu/PDMS composites were characterized confirming the physical interaction between Cu nanoparticles and PDMS. The surface morphology observation using scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope showed the agglomeration of Cu nanoparticles in PDMS matrix and the distribution of the agglomerations was more uniform with increased amount of Cu nanoparticles. The cupric ion release behaviors of the Cu/PDMS composites with different amounts of Cu nanoparticles were investigated in simulated uterine fluid at 37°C for 150 days. The corrosion morphologies of the Cu/PDMS composites were also characterized. Both the burst release rate of the cupric ion in the first few days and the steady release rate after 30‐day immersion were improved. The cytotoxicity test has been done for the Cu/PDMS composites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 101B: 1428–1436, 2013.

Xu, Y & Lee, JE-Y 2013, 'Does greater piezo-resistive transduction give rise to higher anchor loss in a square-extensional mode micromechanical resonator?', Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 202, pp. 111-117.
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Xu, Y, Shi, P, Merigó, JM & Wang, H 2013, 'Some proportional 2-tuple geometric aggregation operators for linguistic decision making', Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 833-843.
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Xu, Z, Fitch, R, Underwood, J & Sukkarieh, S 2013, 'Decentralized Coordinated Tracking with Mixed Discrete-Continuous Decisions', JOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 717-740.
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The article examines the problem of dynamically positioning a team of mobile robots for target tracking. The optimization is inherently a function of both the positioning of robots in continuous space and the assignment of robots to targets in discrete space. In information-gathering tasks, a coordinated team of robots has clear advantages over any single robot. A single robot is forced to spread its attention among the targets being tracked, whereas a team of robots can divide-and conquer. Another advantage of teams is that they provide redundancy in case of individual robot failures, but only if the team is decentralized. One motivating example is the coordination of unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) to track pedestrians moving in a semiurban environment. Additionally, these approaches to solving the MINLP are centralized, while one wishes to have a decentralized solution. Thus, the challenge is to find a computationally efficient approximation to the MINLP that operates in a decentralized manner.

Yan, C, Yang, Y, Zhou, J, Liu, M, Nie, M, Shi, H & Gu, L 2013, 'Antibiotics in the surface water of the Yangtze Estuary: Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment', Environmental Pollution, vol. 175, pp. 22-29.
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The occurrence and distribution of five groups of antibiotics were investigated in the surface water of Yangtze Estuary over four seasons. Of the 20 antibiotics, only sulfamerazine was not detected at all sampling sites, indicating widespread occurrence of antibiotic residues in the study area. Detection frequencies and concentrations of antibiotics were generally higher in January, indicating that low flow conditions and low temperature might enhance the persistence of antibiotics in water. Antibiotic levels varied with location, with the highest concentrations being observed around river discharge and sewage outfall. Furthermore, a positive correlation between total antibiotic and DOC concentrations revealed the significant role played by DOC. Risk assessment based on single compound exposure showed that sulfapyridine and sulfamethoxazole could cause medium risk to daphnid in the Yangtze Estuary. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Yang, C, Sheng, D, Carter, JP & Huang, J 2013, 'Stochastic Evaluation of Hydraulic Hysteresis in Unsaturated Soils', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 139, no. 7, pp. 1211-1214.
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Yang, C, Zhang, Q & Huang, S 2013, 'Input‐to‐state stability of a class of Lur'e descriptor systems', International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, vol. 23, no. 12, pp. 1324-1337.
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SUMMARYThis paper considers a class of Lur'e descriptor systems (LDS) subject to exogenous disturbances. The concept of input‐to‐state stability (ISS) is generalized to descriptor systems. Such a notion characterizes the robust stability of the full state of the systems. Based on the conventional ISS theory, a sufficient condition expressed by linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) for the LDS to be ISS is derived. It is further shown that this condition also guarantees a special class of LDS to be of index one. Then, a state feedback controller is designed to make the closed‐loop system ISS. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the obtained results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Yang, F, Coughlin, DR, Phillips, PJ, Yang, L, Devaraj, A, Kovarik, L, Noebe, RD & Mills, MJ 2013, 'Structure analysis of a precipitate phase in an Ni-rich high-temperature NiTiHf shape memory alloy', Acta Materialia, vol. 61, no. 9, pp. 3335-3346.
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Yang, J, Du, H, Li, W, Li, Y, Li, J, Sun, S & Deng, HX 2013, 'Experimental study and modeling of a novel magnetorheological elastomer isolator', SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 1-14.
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This paper reports an experimental setup aiming at evaluating the performance of a newly designed magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) seismic isolator. As a further effort to explore the field-dependent stiffness/damping properties of the MRE isolator, a series of experimental testing were conducted. Based upon the analysis of the experimental responses and the characteristics of the MRE isolator, a new model that is capable of reproducing the unique MRE isolator dynamics behaviors is proposed. The validation results verify the model's effectiveness to portray the MRE isolator. A study on the field-dependent parameters is then provided to make the model valid with fluctuating magnetic fields. To fully explore the mechanism of the proposed model, an investigation relating the dependence of the proposed model on every parameter is carried out. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Yang, L, Deuse, J & Jiang, P 2013, 'Multi-objective optimization of facility planning for energy intensive companies', Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 1095-1109.
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Because of the energy shortage and energy price rise, energy efficiency becomes a worldwide hot spot problem. It is not only a problem about cost reduction, but also a great contribute to the environmental protection. However, the energy efficiency was always ignored in the past decades. In order to gain more benefit and become more competitive in the market, energy efficiency should be considered as an essential factor in early planning phase. To overcome these problems, a new approach, which introduces energy efficiency as a key criterion into the planning process, is presented in this article. An energy recovery network is built according to the analysis of process and product demands. Afterwards the energy loss of the whole system, transport performance and space demand are simultaneously taken into account with the purpose of finding good facility planning from both energy and economic aspects. Finally, a practical expanding case is used to validate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Yang, L, Deuse, J & Jiang, P 2013, 'Multiple-attribute decision-making approach for an energy-efficient facility layout design', The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 66, no. 5-8, pp. 795-807.
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Due to the trends of energy shortage and energy price rise, energy efficiency, which was always ignored over the past decades, becomes a worldwide hot issue and also a significant challenge for most factories. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate energy-relevant criterion as a key criterion with traditional criteria in the layout planning phase. As a multiattribute decision-making (MADM) problem, the evaluation and selection of facility layout alternatives are often difficult and time consuming since the criteria generally have different units and conflicting features. In this article, a MADM approach which incorporates the advantages of rough set theory, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is proposed to solve the facility layout design problem with considering both traditional layout criteria and energy relevant criteria. At first, rough set theory is integrated with AHP to determine the weights for each criterion of alternatives. Then, TOPSIS is applied to get the final alternative ranking. Besides, sensitivity analysis for both decision weights and production rates is performed, and a comparison among different decision-making approaches for the same problem is also studied to demonstrate the rationality of the final decision. Finally, a practical expanding case is studied to validate the proposed approach. © 2012 Springer-Verlag London Limited.

Yang, SN, Jiang, ZY & Wei, DB 2013, '3D Coupled Thermo-Mechanical FE Analysis of Surface Defects in Continuously Casting Slab', Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 275-277, pp. 2214-2220.
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The behaviour of the surface defects on the continuous casting slab during hot rolling is investigated using the commercial FE-code LS-DYNA. The thermo-elastic-plastic material model is chosen in the simulation models, and the material implemented in the simulation is the austenitic stainless steel 304. The numerical results show the significant morphological changes of the surface defects during hot rolling and afford valuable indications for a deeper understanding of the underlying process. An accelerated crack growth and propagation are observed for the edge cracks, and the closure behaviour is found in the transverse and longitudinal cracks. The effect of temperature is significant on both the roll and the strip in hot rolling process. The developed models consider different types of mesh and element, thermal conditions, and rolling schedules. The predicted relationship between rolling conditions, the temperature distribution of crack, and the full history of temperature variation are discussed in this study.

Yang, W, Gao, Y & Cao, L 2013, 'TRASMIL: A local anomaly detection framework based on trajectory segmentation and multi-instance learning', Computer Vision and Image Understanding, vol. 117, no. 10, pp. 1273-1286.
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Local anomaly detection refers to detecting small anomalies or outliers that exist in some subsegments of events or behaviors. Such local anomalies are easily overlooked by most of the existing approaches since they are designed for detecting global or large anomalies. In this paper, an accurate and flexible threephase framework TRASMIL is proposed for local anomaly detection based on TRAjectory Segmentation and Multi-Instance Learning. Firstly, every motion trajectory is segmented into independent subtrajectories, and a metric with Diversity and Granularity is proposed to measure the quality of segmentation. Secondly, the segmented sub-trajectories are modeled by a sequence learning model. Finally, multi-instance learning is applied to detect abnormal trajectories and sub-trajectories which are viewed as bags and instances, respectively. We validate the TRASMIL framework in terms of 16 different algorithms built on the three-phase framework. Substantial experiments show that algorithms based on the TRASMIL framework outperform existing methods in effectively detecting the trajectories with local anomalies in terms of the whole trajectory. In particular, the MDL-C algorithm (the combination of HDP-HMM with MDL segmentation and Citation kNN) achieves the highest accuracy and recall rates. We further show that TRASMIL is generic enough to adopt other algorithms for identifying local anomalies. Crown Copyright © 2012 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Yang, X, Tao, X, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X, Guo, YJ & Cui, Q 2013, 'Energy-Efficient Distributed Data Storage for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Compressed Sensing and Network Coding', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 5087-5099.
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Recently, distributed data storage (DDS) for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has attracted great attention, especially in catastrophic scenarios. Since power consumption is one of the most critical factors that affect the lifetime of WSNs, the energy efficiency of DDS in WSNs is investigated in this paper. Based on Compressed Sensing (CS) and network coding theories, we propose a Compressed Network Coding based Distributed data Storage (CNCDS) scheme by exploiting the correlation of sensor readings. The CNCDS scheme achieves high energy efficiency by reducing the total number of transmissions Nttot and receptions Nrtot during the data dissemination process. Theoretical analysis proves that the CNCDS scheme guarantees good CS recovery performance. In order to theoretically verify the efficiency of the CNCDS scheme, the expressions for Nttot and Nrtot are derived based on random geometric graphs (RGG) theory. Furthermore, based on the derived expressions, an adaptive CNCDS scheme is proposed to further reduce N ttot and Nrtot. Simulation results validate that, compared with the conventional ICStorage scheme, the proposed CNCDS scheme reduces Nttot, Nrtot, and the CS recovery mean squared error (MSE) by up to 55%, 74%, and 76% respectively. In addition, compared with the CNCDS scheme, the adaptive CNCDS scheme further reduces Nttot and N rtot by up to 63% and 32% respectively. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

Yang, Y & Ramanan, D 2013, 'Articulated Human Detection with Flexible Mixtures of Parts', IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 2878-2890.
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Yang, Y, Huang, Z, Yang, Y, Liu, J, Shen, HT & Luo, J 2013, 'Local image tagging via graph regularized joint group sparsity', Pattern Recognition, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 1358-1368.
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Yang, Y, Ma, Z, Hauptmann, AG & Sebe, N 2013, 'Feature Selection for Multimedia Analysis by Sharing Information Among Multiple Tasks', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 661-669.
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Yang, Y, Song, J, Huang, Z, Ma, Z, Sebe, N & Hauptmann, AG 2013, 'Multi-Feature Fusion via Hierarchical Regression for Multimedia Analysis', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 572-581.
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Yang, Y, Yang, Y & Shen, HT 2013, 'Effective transfer tagging from image to video', ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1-20.
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Recent years have witnessed a great explosion of user-generated videos on the Web. In order to achieve an effective and efficient video search, it is critical for modern video search engines to associate videos with semantic keywords automatically. Most of the existing video tagging methods can hardly achieve reliable performance due to deficiency of training data. It is noticed that abundant well-tagged data are available in other relevant types of media (e.g., images). In this article, we propose a novel video tagging framework, termed as Cross-Media Tag Transfer (CMTT), which utilizes the abundance of well-tagged images to facilitate video tagging. Specifically, we build a “cross-media tunnel” to transfer knowledge from images to videos. To this end, an optimal kernel space, in which distribution distance between images and video is minimized, is found to tackle the domain-shift problem. A novel cross-media video tagging model is proposed to infer tags by exploring the intrinsic local structures of both labeled and unlabeled data, and learn reliable video classifiers. An efficient algorithm is designed to optimize the proposed model in an iterative and alternative way. Extensive experiments illustrate the superiority of our proposal compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms.

Yang, Y, Yang, Y, Shen, HT, Zhang, Y, Du, X & Zhou, X 2013, 'Discriminative Nonnegative Spectral Clustering with Out-of-Sample Extension', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 1760-1771.
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Yang-Yin Lin, Jyh-Yeong Chang, Pal, NR & Chin-Teng Lin 2013, 'A Mutually Recurrent Interval Type-2 Neural Fuzzy System (MRIT2NFS) With Self-Evolving Structure and Parameters', IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 492-509.
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In this paper, a mutually recurrent interval type-2 neural fuzzy system (MRIT2NFS) is proposed for the identification of nonlinear and time-varying systems. The MRIT2NFS uses type-2 fuzzy sets in order to enhance noise tolerance of the system. In the MRIT2NFS, the antecedent part of each recurrent fuzzy rule is defined using interval type-2 fuzzy sets, and the consequent part is of the Takagi-Sugeno-Kang type with interval weights. The antecedent part of MRIT2NFS forms a local internal feedback and interaction loop by feeding the rule firing strength of each rule to others including itself. The consequent is a linear combination of exogenous input variables. The learning of MRIT2NFS starts with an empty rule base and all rules are learned online via structure and parameter learning. The structure learning of MRIT2NFS uses online type-2 fuzzy clustering. For parameter learning, the consequent part parameters are tuned by rule-ordered Kalman filter algorithm to reinforce parameter learning ability. The type-2 fuzzy sets in the antecedent and weights representing the mutual feedback are learned by the gradient descent algorithm. After the training, a weight-elimination scheme eliminates feedback connections that do not have much effect on the network behavior. This method can efficiently remove redundant recurrence and interaction weights. Finally, the MRIT2NFS is used for system identification under both noise-free and noisy environments. For this, we consider both time series prediction and nonlinear plant modeling. Compared with type-1 recurrent fuzzy neural networks, simulation results show that our approach produces smaller root-mean-squared errors using the same number of iterations. © 2013 IEEE.

Yazdani, D, Nasiri, B, Azizi, R, Sepas-Moghaddam, A & Reza Meybodi, M 2013, 'Optimization in dynamic environments utilizing a novel method based on particle swarm optimization', International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 11, no. 13 A, pp. 170-192.
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In numerous real world optimization problems, objective function or constraints of the problem can be changed during time. If these undefined situations are occurred in optimization process, this problem is called dynamic. There are several challenges in dynamic environments optimization, so that algorithms designed for optimization in these environments would utilize several mechanisms in order to conquer the challenges. In this paper, a novel algorithm for optimization in dynamic environments is proposed based on particle swarm optimization in which a novel mechanism have been used for improving the performance. In this mechanism, it is tried to increase the ability of local search around optimum with focusing on best found peak in each environments. The results of the proposed approach are evaluated on moving peak benchmarks and are compared with results of several state of the art algorithms. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed method. © 2013 by IJAI.

Yazdani, D, Nasiri, B, Sepas-Moghaddam, A & Meybodi, MR 2013, 'A novel multi-swarm algorithm for optimization in dynamic environments based on particle swarm optimization', Applied Soft Computing, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 2144-2158.
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Optimization in dynamic environment is considered among prominent optimization problems. There are particular challenges for optimization in dynamic environments, so that the designed algorithms must conquer the challenges in order to perform an efficient optimization. In this paper, a novel optimization algorithm in dynamic environments was proposed based on particle swarm optimization approach, in which several mechanisms were employed to face the challenges in this domain. In this algorithm, an improved multi-swarm approach has been used for finding peaks in the problem space and tracking them after an environment change in an appropriate time. Moreover, a novel method based on change in velocity vector and particle positions was proposed to increase the diversity of swarms. For improving the efficiency of the algorithm, a local search based on adaptive exploiter particle around the best found position as well as a novel awakening-sleeping mechanism were utilized. The experiments were conducted on Moving Peak Benchmark which is the most well-known benchmark in this domain and results have been compared with those of the state-of-the art methods. The results show the superiority of the proposed method. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Yazdani, D, Saman, B, Sepas-Moghaddam, A, Mohammad-Kazemi, F & Reza Meybodi, M 2013, 'A new algorithm based on improved artificial fish swarm algorithm for data clustering', International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 11, no. 13 A, pp. 193-221.
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Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm (AFSA) is one of the state-of-the-art swarm intelligence approaches that is widely used for optimization purposes. On the other hand, data clustering is an unsupervised classification technique which has been addressed by researchers in many disciplines and in many contexts. The contribution toward this study is twofold. First, weak points of standard AFSA including lack of using previous experiences of AFs during optimization process, lack of existing balance between exploration and exploitation and high computational load were investigated in order to present a New Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm (NAFSA). For resolving the weak points, functional behaviors and the overall procedure of AFSA have been improved. In addition, some parameters are eliminated and several supplementary parameters are added. Subsequently, a hybrid clustering algorithm was proposed based on NAFSA and k-means approaches. This combination leads to maximum utilization of the involved approaches for data clustering. The proposed methods were evaluated on several datasets and its efficiency was compared with that of several state-of-art algorithms in this domain. Results showed high efficiency of the proposed algorithm. © 2013 by IJAI.

Ye, S, Liang, X, Wang, W, Geng, J, Jin, R, Guo, YJ & Bird, TS 2013, 'Design of Arbitrarily Shaped Planar Microstrip Antenna Arrays with Improved Efficiency', International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 2013, pp. 1-10.
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A design technique is described for an arbitrarily shaped planar microstrip antenna array with improved radiation efficiency. In order to fully utilize the limited antenna aperture, several basic modules are proposed from which we construct the array. A consideration of the aperture shape shows that with several practical examples a proper combination of these basic modules not only allows the convenient design of arbitrarily-shaped microstrip array, but also helps to improve the aperture radiation efficiency. To confirm the feasibility of the approach, a circular array with 256 elements was constructed and fabricated. Both computed and measured aperture radiation results are compared and these demonstrate that the design technique is effective for arbitrarily-shaped planar microstrip arrays.

Ye, X, Xia, X & Zhang, J 2013, 'Optimal sampling plan for clean development mechanism energy efficiency lighting projects', Applied Energy, vol. 112, pp. 1006-1015.
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Yeap, KB, Iacopi, F, Geisler, H, Hangen, U & Zschech, E 2013, 'Nanoindentation for reliability assessment of ULK films and interconnects structures', Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 106, pp. 182-187.
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© 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. The structural integrity of interconnect structures containing ultra-low-k (ULK) dielectrics is highly dependent on the mechanical properties of the porous dielectrics, e.g. fracture toughness elastic modulus and adhesion as well. Four-point-bending (FPB) and double-cantilever-beam (DCB) methods for the evaluation of fracture properties require out-of-fab sample preparation and testing. The reliable characterization of interfacial adhesion is important for in-line/at-line process development and control in microelectronics manufacturing. The ability to detect an out-of-spec or defective ULK film at an early process step could potentially save processing and materials cost. Therefore, the development of quick turnaround experimental methodologies for monitoring in-line/at-line mechanical stability of ULK films and ULK-containing interconnects is of great interest for semiconductor industry. This study presents two novel experimental approaches for the evaluation of interface adhesion and mechanical robustness of on-chip interconnects structures based on nanoindentation and nanoscratch, (a) wedge indentation and (b) bump assisted BEOL stability indentation (BABSI) tests, respectively. Wedge indentation tests on ULK films with increasing porosity show a decrease of adhesion values. Correspondingly, BABSI tests show increasing failure rates for Cu/ULK interconnect structures containing mechanically weaker dielectrics.

Ying, M, Yu, N, Feng, Y & Duan, R 2013, 'Verification of quantum programs', SCIENCE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING, vol. 78, no. 9, pp. 1679-1700.
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This paper develops verification methodology for quantum programs, and the contribution of the paper is two-fold. Sharir, Pnueli and Hart [M. Sharir, A. Pnueli, S. Hart, Verification of probabilistic programs, SIAM Journal of Computing 13 (1984) 292-314] presented a general method for proving properties of probabilistic programs, in which a probabilistic program is modeled by a Markov chain and an assertion on the output distribution is extended to an invariant assertion on all intermediate distributions. Their method is essentially a probabilistic generalization of the classical Floyd inductive assertion method. In this paper, we consider quantum programs modeled by quantum Markov chains which are defined by super-operators. It is shown that the Sharir-Pnueli-Hart method can be elegantly generalized to quantum programs by exploiting the Schrödinger-Heisenberg duality between quantum states and observables. In particular, a completeness theorem for the Sharir-Pnueli-Hart verification method of quantum programs is established.As indicated by the completeness theorem, the Sharir-Pnueli-Hart method is in principle effective for verifying all properties of quantum programs that can be expressed in terms of Hermitian operators (observables). But it is not feasible for many practical applications because of the complicated calculation involved in the verification. For the case of finite-dimensional state spaces, we find a method for verification of quantum programs much simpler than the Sharir-Pnueli-Hart method by employing the matrix representation of super-operators and Jordan decomposition of matrices. In particular, this method enables us to compute easily the average running time and to analyze some interesting long-run behaviors of quantum programs in a finite-dimensional state space. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Yiwei Yu, Dutkiewicz, E, Xiaojing Huang & Mueck, M 2013, 'Downlink Resource Allocation for Next Generation Wireless Networks with Inter-Cell Interference', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1783-1793.
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This paper presents a novel downlink resource allocation scheme for OFDMA-based next generation wireless networks subject to inter-cell interference (ICI). The scheme consists of radio resource and power allocations, which are implemented separately. Low-complexity heuristic algorithms are first proposed to achieve the radio resource allocation, where graph-based framework and fine physical resource block (PRB) assignment are performed to mitigate major ICI and hence improve the network performance. Given the solution of radio resource allocation, a novel distributed power allocation is then performed to optimize the performance of cell-edge users under the condition that desirable performance for cell-center users must be maintained. The power optimization is formulated as an iterative barrier-constrained water-filling problem and solved by using the Lagrange method. Simulation results indicate that our proposed scheme can achieve significantly balanced performance improvement between cell-edge and cell-center users in multi-cell networks compared with other schemes, and therefore realize the goal of future wireless networks in terms of providing high performance to anyone from anywhere. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 2013, 'Evaluation of Cover and Reflector in Receiver Antennas for SM-MIMO Wireless Communications', Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 2013, pp. 1-8.
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YOSHIZAWA, S & MIYANAGA, Y 2013, 'Hardware Implementation of FFT Processors for Wireless Communications', IEICE ESS Fundamentals Review, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 116-123.
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Yu, D, Merigó, JM & Zhou, L 2013, 'Interval-valued multiplicative intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations', International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 412-422.
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Inspired by the idea of multiplicative intuitionistic preference relation (Xia MM et al. Preference relations based on intuitionistic multiplicative information, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 2013, 21(1): 113-133), in this paper, a new preference relation called the interval-valued multiplicative intuitionistic preference relation is developed. It is analyzed the basic operations for interval-valued multiplicative intuitionistic preference information and its aggregation techniques. An interval-valued multiplicative intuitionistic group decision making model is presented in which experts provide their preference relation by interval-valued multiplicative intuitionistic fuzzy expressions, and give a real case about talent introduction in Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics to illustrate our methods. © 2013 TFSA.

Yu, D, Nanda, P, Cao, L & He, X 2013, 'TCTM: an evaluation framework for architecture design on wireless sensor networks', International Journal of Sensor Networks, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 168-168.
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This paper presents an evaluation framework for architecture designs on wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We introduce a simple evaluation model: triangular constraint tradeoffs model (TCTM) to grasp the essence of the architecture design consideration under transient wireless media characteristic and stringent limitation on energy and computing resource of WSNs. Based on this evaluation framework, we investigate the existing architectures proposed in literature from three main competing constraint aspects, namely generality, cost, and performance. Two important concepts: performance efficiency and deployment efficiency are identified and distinguished in overall architecture efficiency. With this powerful abstract and simple model, we describe the motivations of major body of WSNs architectures proposed in current literature. We also analyse the fundamental advantage and limitations of each class of architectures from TCTM perspective. We foresee the influence of evolving technology to futuristic architecture design. We believe our efforts will serve as a reference to orient researchers and system designers in this area

Yu, K & Dutkiewicz, E 2013, 'NLOS Identification and Mitigation for Mobile Tracking', IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 1438-1452.
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A non-line-of-sight (NLOS) mitigation approach is presented for network-based mobile tracking. A distance smoothing method is proposed, which uses online line-of-sight (LOS) and NLOS identification. A technique is proposed to integrate distance, mobile velocity, and heading estimates for position determination through Kalman filtering. Hypothesis testing analysis is performed to provide a guideline for selecting the threshold values. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly improves position accuracy as compared with the existing algorithms. © 1965-2011 IEEE.

Yu, N, Duan, R & Ying, M 2013, 'Five two-qubit gates are necessary for implementing the Toffoli gate', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 88, no. 1.
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In this Rapid Communication, we consider the open problem of the minimum cost of two-qubit gates for simulating the Toffoli gate and show that five two-qubit gates are necessary. Before our work, it was known that five two-qubit gates are sufficient to implement the Toffoli gate, and numerical evidence indicates that five two-qubit gates are also necessary. The idea introduced here can also be used to solve the problem of optimal simulation of Deutsch three-qubit gates. © 2013 American Physical Society.

Yu, X, Jiang, Z, Wei, D, Zhou, C, Huang, Q & Yang, D 2013, 'Tribological properties of magnetite precipitate from oxide scale in hot-rolled microalloyed steel', Wear, vol. 302, no. 1-2, pp. 1286-1294.
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Nano-magnetite (Fe3O4) particles have a potential to lead to the formation of lubrication tribofilm that reduces the friction and wear in hot steel strip rolling. In this paper, an attempt to fabricate the oxide film with magnetite precipitates from thermally-grown wustite (Fe1-xO) layer during isothermal cooling of low carbon microalloyed steel, was obtained. The precipitation behaviors were investigated on Gleeble 3500 thermo-mechanical simulator under the humid air with water vapour content of 19.5 vol%. Several types of magnetite precipitates were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The tribological properties of magnetite precipitates were investigated in pin-on-disc configuration. It was found that the dispersed magnetite particles originate from either the pro-eutectoid precipitation above 570 degrees C or the partial decomposition of wustite below 570 degrees C. The oxide film on the presence of free particles during eutectoid precipitation could be a lubricant and consequently resist wear, particularly for the oxide scale with a typical thickness in the range of 8 to 11 mu m in dry air and moisture atmosphere. Furthermore, characterisation and precipitation process of the oxide scale are discussed, with respect to a probable mechanism to explain the lubricated properties has been proposed.

Yu, XL, Jiang, ZY, Zhao, JW, Wei, DB & Zhou, CL 2013, 'Effect of Cooling Rate on Oxidation Behaviour of Microalloyed Steel', Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 395-396, pp. 273-278.
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Oxidation characteristics of a microalloyed low carbon steel were investigated by a hot rolling mill combined with acceleration cooling system over the cooling rate range from 20 to 70°C/s. The effects of cooling rate after hot rolling on microstructure and phase composition of oxide scale were examined. The results showed that the increase of the cooling rate has a significant influence on the decrease of the grain size and surface roughness of oxide scale. A higher cooling rate promotes the formation of retain wustite and primary magnetite precipitation while suppression of eutectoid α-iron precipitates. This provides the possibility to enhance potential contribution of magnetite precipitates with preferable ductility, and hence fabricates a desired oxide-scale structure under continuous post cooling conditions considering a suitable cooling rate.

Yuan, S, Skinner, B, Huang, S & Liu, D 2013, 'A new crossover approach for solving the multiple travelling salesmen problem using genetic algorithms', European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 228, no. 1, pp. 72-82.
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This paper proposes a new crossover operator called two-part chromosome crossover (TCX) for solving the multiple travelling salesmen problem (MTSP) using a genetic algorithm (GA) for near-optimal solutions. We adopt the two-part chromosome representation technique which has been proven to minimise the size of the problem search space. Nevertheless, the existing crossover method for the two-part chromosome representation has two limitations. Firstly, it has extremely limited diversity in the second part of the chromosome, which greatly restricts the search ability of the GA. Secondly, the existing crossover approach tends to break useful building blocks in the first part of the chromosome, which reduces the GA's effectiveness and solution quality. Therefore, in order to improve the GA search performance with the two-part chromosome representation, we propose TCX to overcome these two limitations and improve solution quality. Moreover, we evaluate and compare the proposed TCX with three different crossover methods for two MTSP objective functions, namely, minimising total travel distance and minimising longest tour. The experimental results show that TCX can improve the solution quality of the GA compared to three existing crossover approaches. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Yun, GJ, Rahimi, MR, Gandomi, AH, Lim, G-C & Choi, J-S 2013, 'Stress sensing performance using mechanoluminescence of SrAl₂O₄:Eu (SAOE) and SrAl₂O₄:Eu, Dy (SAOED) under mechanical loadings', Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 055006-055006.
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Zare Borzeshi, E, Piccardi, M, Riesen, K & Bunke, H 2013, 'Discriminative prototype selection methods for graph embedding', Pattern Recognition, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 1648-1657.
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Graphs possess a strong representational power for many types of patterns. However, a main limitation in their use for pattern analysis derives from their difficult mathematical treatment. One way of circumventing this problem is that of transforming the graphs into a vector space by means of graph embedding. Such an embedding can be conveniently obtained by using a set of prototype graphs and a dissimilarity measure. However, when we apply this approach to a set of class-labelled graphs, it is challenging to select prototypes capturing both the salient structure within each class and inter-class separation. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework for selecting a set of prototypes from a labelled graph set taking their discriminative power into account. Experimental results showed that such a discriminative prototype selection framework can achieve superior results in classification compared to other well-established prototype selection approaches. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Zare, M, Pourghasemi, HR, Vafakhah, M & Pradhan, B 2013, 'Landslide susceptibility mapping at Vaz Watershed (Iran) using an artificial neural network model: a comparison between multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basic function (RBF) algorithms', Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 2873-2888.
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Zarifi, F, Mahlia, TMI, Motasemi, F, Shekarchian, M & Moghavvemi, M 2013, 'Current and future energy and exergy efficiencies in the Iran’s transportation sector', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 74, pp. 24-34.
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Zeng, J, Guo, Y, Li, Y, Zhu, J & Li, J 2013, 'Two-dimensional magnetic property measurement for magneto-rheological elastomer', JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 113, no. 17.
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ZENG, S, LI, WEI & MERIGÓ, JM 2013, 'EXTENDED INDUCED ORDERED WEIGHTED AVERAGING DISTANCE OPERATORS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO GROUP DECISION-MAKING', International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, vol. 12, no. 04, pp. 789-811.
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The induced ordered weighted averaging distance (IOWAD) approach is very suitable in situations in which the available information is represented with exact numerical values. In this paper, we develop some extended IOWAD operators: the linguistic induced ordered weighted averaging distance (LIOWAD) operator, the uncertain induced ordered weighted averaging distance (UIOWAD) operator and the fuzzy induced ordered weighted averaging distance (FIOWAD) operator. Their main objective is to assess uncertain situations in which the available information is given in the form of linguistic variables, interval numbers and fuzzy numbers. Some special cases of these three new extensions are studied. Finally, we develop an application of the new operators in a group decision-making problem under an uncertain environment and illustrate it with a numerical example.

Zeng, S, Merigó, JM & Su, W 2013, 'The uncertain probabilistic OWA distance operator and its application in group decision making', Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 6266-6275.
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Zhang, G, Heusdens, R & Kleijn, WB 2013, 'Large Scale LP Decoding with Low Complexity', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 2152-2155.
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Zhang, J, Huang, ML & Hoang, D 2013, 'Visual analytics for intrusion detection in spam emails', International Journal of Grid and Utility Computing, vol. 4, no. 2/3, pp. 178-178.
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Spam email attacks are increasing at an alarming rate and have become more and more cunning in nature. This has necessitated the need for visual spam email analysis within an intrusion detection system to identify these attacks. The challenges are how to increase the accuracy of detection and how to visualise large volumes of spam email to better understand the analysis results and identify email attacks. This paper proposes a Density-Weight model that is to strengthen and extend the system capacity for analysis of network attacks in spam emails, including DDoS attacks. An interactive visual clustering method DA-TU is introduced to classify and display spam emails. The experimental results have shown that the proposed new model has improved the accuracy of intrusion detection and provides a better understanding of the nature of spam email attacks on though the network. Copyright © 2013 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Zhang, J, Xu, W, Gao, C, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG & Guo, Y 2013, 'Analysis of Inter-Turn Insulation of High Voltage Electrical Machine by Using Multi-Conductor Transmission Line Model', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1905-1908.
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In this paper, the inter-turn insulation of stator winding is comprehensively discussed. An equivalent circuit model and a multi-conductor transmission line (MTL) theory are established for the inter-turn voltage evaluation under the switching-impulse voltage, respectively. The distributed inductances are calculated by using small-signal analysis in finite element method (FEM) and the ac resistances of coils are analyzed considering the skin effect. The distributed capacitances of the coils are determined by using both electric field FEM and analytic equations. The electric potential distribution of inter-turn is calculated by the above two methods. The incident and reflect voltages are calculated by using the MTL model. The electric field of inter-turn calculated by using the FEM is presented. The FEM is used for the calculation of the inter-turn electric field distribution. The position where the inter-turn insulation may be more prone to breakdown is determined according to the result. Finally, the impact factors of inter-turn insulation including insulation materials and positions of failure in winding are analyzed in detail.

Zhang, J, Xu, YL, Li, J, Xia, Y & Li, JC 2013, 'Statistical moment-based structural damage detection method in time domain', Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 13-23.
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A novel structural damage detection method with a new damage index, i.e., the statistical moment-based damage detection (SMBDD) method in the frequency domain, has been recently proposed. The aim of this study is to extend the SMBDD method in the frequency domain to the time domain for building structures subjected to non-Gaussian and non-stationary excitations. The applicability and effectiveness of the SMBDD method in the time domainis verified both numerically and experimentally. Shear buildings with various damage scenarios are fi rst numerically investigated in the time domain taking into account the effect of measurement noise. The applicability of the proposed method in the time domain to building structures subjected to non-Gaussian and non-stationary excitations is then experimentally investigated through a series of shaking table tests, in which two three-story shear building models with four damage scenarios aretested. The identifi ed damage locations and severities are then compared with the preset values. The comparative results are found to be satisfactory, and the SMBDD method is shown to be feasible and effective for building structures subjected to non-Gaussian and non-stationary excitations.

Zhang, JA, Huang, X, Suzuki, H & Chen, Z 2013, 'Gaussian Approximation Based Interpolation for Channel Matrix Inversion in MIMO-OFDM Systems', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1407-1417.
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Channel matrix inversion, which requires significant hardware resource and computational power, is a very challenging problem in MIMO-OFDM systems. Casting the frequency-domain channel matrix into a polynomial matrix, interpolation-based matrix inversion provides a promising solution to this problem. In this paper, we propose novel algorithms for interpolation based matrix inversion, which require little prior information of the channel matrix and enable the use of simple low-complexity interpolators such as spline and low pass filter interpolators. By invoking the central limit theorem, we show that a Gaussian approximation function well characterizes the power of the polynomial coefficients. Some low-complexity and efficient schemes are then proposed to estimate the parameters of the Gaussian function. With these estimated parameters, we introduce phase shifted interpolation and propose two algorithms which can achieve good interpolation accuracy using general low-complexity interpolators. Simulation results show that up to 85% complexity saving can be achieved with small performance degradation. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

Zhang, JA, Lin Luo & Xiaojing Huang 2013, 'Multicarrier Systems Based on Multistage Layered IFFT Structure', IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 665-668.
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This letter extends our previous work on layered inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) structure to a multistage layered IFFT structure where data symbols can input at different stages of the IFFT. We first show that part of the IFFT in the transmitter of an OFDM system can be shifted to the receiver, while a conventional one-tap frequency-domain equalizer is still applicable. We then propose two IFFT split schemes based on decimation-in-time and decimation-in-frequency IFFT algorithms to enable interference-free symbol recovery with simple linear equalizers. Applications of the proposed schemes in multiple access communications are investigated. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes in improving bit-error-rate performance. © 1994-2012 IEEE.

Zhang, L, Guo, Y, Sun, J, Yu, X & Zhang, S 2013, 'Object tracking by feedback update scheme with sparsity constraint', Qinghua Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tsinghua University, vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 1531-1535.
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A tracking algorithm using sparse representation with respect to a template set is described to improve tracking performance in challenging scenarios, such as severe occlusions and drastic illumination variations. The feature space is constructed using both the gray-scale and pixel-level features stored in a template set. Then, the candidates are decomposed via sparse representation. The coefficients are used to estimate the likelihood of the candidates belonging to the target in the particle filtering framework. A robust update scheme with feedback is given for the templates. A large number of tests on benchmark video sequences demonstrate that the algorithm outperforms several other state of the art trackers in challenging scenarios.

Zhang, L, Han, Y, Yang, Y, Song, M, Yan, S & Tian, Q 2013, 'Discovering Discriminative Graphlets for Aerial Image Categories Recognition', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 5071-5084.
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Recognizing aerial image categories is useful for scene annotation and surveillance. Local features have been demonstrated to be robust to image transformations, including occlusions and clutters. However, the geometric property of an aerial image (i.e., the topology and relative displacement of local features), which is key to discriminating aerial image categories, cannot be effectively represented by state-of-the-art generic visual descriptors. To solve this problem, we propose a recognition model that mines graphlets from aerial images, where graphlets are small connected subgraphs reflecting both the geometric property and color/texture distribution of an aerial image. More specifically, each aerial image is decomposed into a set of basic components (e.g., road and playground) and a region adjacency graph (RAG) is accordingly constructed to model their spatial interactions. Aerial image categories recognition can subsequently be casted as RAG-to-RAG matching. Based on graph theory, RAG-to-RAG matching is conducted by comparing all their respective graphlets. Because the number of graphlets is huge, we derive a manifold embedding algorithm to measure different-sized graphlets, after which we select graphlets that have highly discriminative and low redundancy topologies. Through quantizing the selected graphlets from each aerial image into a feature vector, we use support vector machine to discriminate aerial image categories. Experimental results indicate that our method outperforms several state-of-the-art object/scene recognition models, and the visualized graphlets indicate that the discriminative patterns are discovered by our proposed approach. © 1992-2012 IEEE.

Zhang, Q, Jiang, ZY, Wei, DB, Xie, GL & Han, JT 2013, 'Friction Evolution in Running-In of Sliding Wear of Cast Iron Processed in Gleeble', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 797, pp. 713-718.
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As limited results were reported in terms of the evolution of sliding friction with growth of oxide layer in thickness during running-in, a pin-on-disc wear test was carried out in this study. 4.8Ni-1.5Cr cast iron as core layer and low carbon steel as outer layers, were thermo-mechanically processed via three different routes. For samples with lower hardness due to their predominantly austenitic or martensite retarded matrices, we found that initially rapid increase of thickness of oxide layer continually lowers the sliding friction. However, after the oxide layer was beyond a certain thickness, the sliding friction began to increase consecutively. After a fluctuation of friction caused by the break-down of oxide, a mild equilibrium wear with roughly constant friction followed.

Zhang, Q, Jiang, ZY, Wei, DB, Zhu, HT, Chen, ZX, Han, JT & Xie, GL 2013, 'Interface adhesion during sliding wear in cast iron after hot deformation', Wear, vol. 301, no. 1-2, pp. 598-607.
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Interface adhesion between cast iron substrate and oxide layer formed during dry unidirectional sliding wear was studied by using thermo-mechanically processed 4.8Ni-1.5Cr cast iron. The purpose of the present work is to reveal the difference of the adhesion behaviour between martensitic matrix with a higher hardness and austenitic matrix with low hardness. The 4.8Ni-1.5Cr alloy was sandwiched as a middle layer with low carbon steel as outer layers and thermo-mechanically processed via (1) hot rolling (HR), (2) hot rolling and heat treatment (HT), and (3) hot rolling, heat treatment and hot compression (HC), respectively. The applied normal loads were 20 and 40 N, and the sliding speeds were 45 and 78 mm/s in sliding wear test. The durations of the wear test were 2 and 7 min, respectively for different testing rounds. It was found that the wear after running-in was always mild under the conditions of 20 N and 45 mm/s or 20 N and 78 mm/s for all the tested samples. Prior to the transition into mild oxidational wear, negative displacements of pins were observed for HT and HC samples when the applied load was raised to 40 N at the sliding speed of 78 mm/s. No similar response was observed for HR sample under the same testing condition. The possible mechanisms for the negative displacement of pin in the test are discussed in terms of the microstructure and phases of the testing samples. The effect of the hardness of the substrate on the growth and integrity of the oxide film formed during the sliding and the interface adhesion between the oxide film and substrate are also discussed.

Zhang, Q, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Jing, X, Gao, C, Zhu, JG & Guo, Y 2013, 'Application of an Improved Multi-Conductor Transmission Line Model in Power Transformer', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 2029-2032.
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In this paper, a new multi-conductor transmission line (MTL) method is introduced to analyze the voltage distribution of power transformer windings, including inserted capacitance continuous winding and duplex winding, under lightning overvoltage excitation. This new MTL model may take into account electromagnetic induction between windings. The influences of copper screen tapes on the MTL parameters are discussed. The terminal conditions of single winding including screen tape differ from those of duplex windings, which have to be carefully considered. The results are compared with the traditional equivalent circuit model, revealing that the new model may provide detailed accurate voltage distribution on each turn of the windings.

Zhang, W & Lee, JE-Y 2013, 'A Horseshoe Micromachined Resonant Magnetic Field Sensor With High Quality Factor', IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 1310-1312.
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Zhang, W & Lee, JE-Y 2013, 'Characterization and modeling of electro-thermal frequency tuning in a mechanical resonator with integral crossbar heaters', Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 202, pp. 69-74.
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Zhang, W, Lin, X, Zhang, Y, Wang, W, Zhu, G & Xu Yu, J 2013, 'Probabilistic skyline operator over sliding windows', Information Systems, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 1212-1233.
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Skyline computation has many applications including multi-criteria decision making. In this paper, we study the problem of efficiently computing the skyline over sliding windows on uncertain data elements against probability thresholds. Firstly, we characterize the properties of elements to be kept in our computation. Then, we show the size of dynamically maintained candidate set and the size of skyline. Novel, efficient techniques are developed to process continuous probabilistic skyline queries over sliding windows. Finally, we extend our techniques to cover the applications where multiple probability thresholds are given, 'top-k' skyline data objects are retrieved, or elements have individual life-spans. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed techniques are very efficient and can handle a high-speed data stream in real time. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Zhang, X, Krabbenhoft, K, Pedroso, DM, Lyamin, AV, Sheng, D, da Silva, MV & Wang, D 2013, 'Particle finite element analysis of large deformation and granular flow problems', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 54, pp. 133-142.
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Zhang, X, Zhu, X, Xing, R, Yang, X, Jiang, F, Li, H, Peng, J, Dai, N & Li, J 2013, 'Microstructure core photonic crystal fiber for blue extension of supercontinuum generation', Optics Communications, vol. 298-299, pp. 191-195.
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Zhang, Y, Guo, Y, Wang, X, Zhu, D & Porter, AL 2013, 'A hybrid visualisation model for technology roadmapping: bibliometrics, qualitative methodology and empirical study', Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 707-724.
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Zhang, Z, Lin, H, Liu, K, Wu, D, Zhang, G & Lu, J 2013, 'A hybrid fuzzy-based personalized recommender system for telecom products/services', INFORMATION SCIENCES, vol. 235, no. 1, pp. 117-129.
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The Internet creates excellent opportunities for businesses to provide personalized online services to their customers. Recommender systems are designed to automatically generate personalized suggestions of products/services to customers. Because various uncertainties exist within both product and customer data, it is a challenge to achieve high recommendation accuracy. This study develops a hybrid recommendation approach which combines user-based and item-based collaborative filtering techniques with fuzzy set techniques and applies it to mobile product and service recommendation. It particularly implements the proposed approach in an intelligent recommender system software called Fuzzy-based Telecom Product Recommender System (FTCP-RS). Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the initial application shows that the FTCP-RS can effectively help customers to select the most suitable mobile products or services. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Zhao, JW, Jiang, ZY & Wei, DB 2013, 'Analysis of Elemental Segregation in a Microalloyed Cast Steel', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 652-654, pp. 2465-2468.
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Quantitative investigation is made on the elemental segregation in different zones of a heavy microalloyed cast steel by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that C shows serious segregation tendency than that of Mn and Si, and the degree of C segregation in the surface zone is higher than that in the central zone. C enrichment is generally observed at both dendrite arm and grain boundaries, and more C segregation at dendrite arm boundary in contrast to that at grain boundary is found in this steel. The distribution of C concentration shows a decreased trend from root to tip along the dendrite arm boundary. The C concentration at trigeminal boundary intersection shows higher level than that at other position of the grain boundaries.

Zhao, JW, Jiang, ZY, Wei, DB & Lee, CS 2013, 'Process Design Strategies for Producing Heavy Section Steel with Improved Quality', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 652-654, pp. 988-991.
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Uniformity of microstructure and mechanical properties is required for the heavy section steel. In the present work, a heavy section wind tower flange was manufactured by controlled ring-rolling. Post-rolling heat treatment was employed to optimize the microstructure and mechanical properties. The chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties in different zones of the flange were investigated. The results showed that the chemical composition and microstructure were uniformly distributed in the flange. The tensile strength showed similar values in different sampling locations. The strain and impact energies of specimens prepared along the longitudinal direction were higher than that prepared along both the radius and thickness directions. Notch direction did not have noticeable effect on the impact energy. It is demonstrated that the designed process is effective for producing heavy section steel with improved quality.

Zhao, Q, Liang, B & Duan, F 2013, 'Combination of improved PCA and LDA for video-based face recognition', Journal of Computational Information Systems, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 273-280.
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While face recognition from a still image has been extensively studied over a decade, video-based face recognition is an emerging topic. One of the hard problems in this area is how to effectively recognize human face with illumination variations. To address the problem, a novel approach is presented in this paper. Firstly, in the context of Principal Component Analysis, the image enhancement is introduced to solve the problem of illumination variations. Then, the improved PCA is combined with LDA to recognize human faces in video sequences. Recognition is performed using the Euclidean distance to compute distances between the target face and gallery video sequences. The experiment demonstrates that our method recognizes target faces accurately and robustly. © 2013 Binary Information Press.

Zhao, YX, Gao, BY, Qi, QB, Wang, Y, Phuntsho, S, Kim, J-H, Yue, QY, Li, Q & Shon, HK 2013, 'Cationic polyacrylamide as coagulant aid with titanium tetrachloride for low molecule organic matter removal', JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, vol. 258, no. 1, pp. 84-92.
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This is the first attempt to use cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) as coagulant aid with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) to improve the coagulation performance and floc properties. Coagulation-flocculation treatment was applied to simulated water (with fulvic acid (FA) as model organic matter) for both coagulation behavior investigation and floc characterization. The effect of PAM on floc reformation properties after cyclic breakage/regrowth was also investigated. Ultrafiltration experiments were performed to investigate the influence of PAM aided TiCl4 coagulation on the membrane fouling. The results showed that organic removal was enhanced by PAM addition at low TiCl4 doses. Floc growth rate and floc size were significantly affected by dosing sequence. TiCl4-PAM significantly improved the floc strength factors (Sf) and recovery factors (Rf). The dosing sequence of TiCl4 and PAM significantly influenced the floc structure. Characterization of the flocculated sludge indicated that TiO2 with anatase structure and high photocatalytic activity could be obtained from the TiCl4-PAM flocculated sludge. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Zhao, YX, Gao, BY, Shon, HK, Qi, QB, Phuntsho, S, Wang, Y, Yue, QY, Li, Q & Kim, J-H 2013, 'Characterization of coagulation behavior of titanium tetrachloride coagulant for high and low molecule weight natural organic matter removal: The effect of second dosing', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, vol. 228, no. 1, pp. 516-525.
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A two-stage titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) dosing strategy is applied for investigating the coagulation effect on simulated water containing humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) and these represent the dissolved organic matter (DOM). The influence of second TiCl4 dose on coagulation efficiency, flock re-growth and the fractal dimension properties is studied for the beneficial effect of the second coagulant dose. Moreover, the impact of increased shear on the ultra filtration permeate flux in coagulation-ultra filtration (C-UF) hybrid process is explored. A small second dose essentially decreases the residual turbidity and improves the organic matter removal. Also, flocks with larger size and better recoverability result and having more compact structure than those obtained without the second TiCl4 coagulant dose. At the same total TiCl4 coagulant concentrations, the two-stage dosing mode reveals significant advantage over the single coagulant dosing in terms of turbidity removal, flock size and recoverability although organic matter removal and flock compactness degree are more or less deteriorated during the two-stage dosing process. The second TiCl4 dose contributes to larger re-generated flocks with better re-growth ability than those obtained without the second dose within a wide range of high shear rate and even with prolonged breaking period. Two-stage dosing mode could improve the ultra filtration permeate flux under certain shear conditions. An extension in breakage time leads to much severer flux decline than short breakage periods. In case of FA simulated water, the ultra filtration permeate flux was less sensitive to increasing shear rate than in case of HA simulated water. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Zhao, YX, Gao, BY, Zhang, GZ, Phuntsho, S, Wang, Y, Yue, QY, Li, Q & Shon, HK 2013, 'Comparative study of floc characteristics with titanium tetrachloride against conventional coagulants: Effect of coagulant dose, solution pH, shear force and break-up period', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, vol. 233, pp. 70-79.
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Characteristics of flocs formed by titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), ferric chloride (FeCl3) and aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) were comparatively investigated in terms of floc growth rate, size, strength, recoverability and fractal dimension in real water treatment. Impacts of coagulant dose, solution pH and hydraulic conditions, including shear force and break-up period, on floc properties were investigated. Results showed that the floc size followed the order of TiCl4FeCl3Al2(SO4)3 within the dose range investigated. The response of floc strength to coagulant dose depended on the coagulant used, while the floc recoverability decreased with the increasing dose regardless of the coagulant used. Within the solution pH range investigated, the floc strength and recoverability showed the following order of Al2(SO4)3FeCl3TiCl4 and those of TiCl4 were the least affected by solution pH. Additionally, the floc strength decayed with the increasing shear force and break-up period for the three coagulants. TiCl4 yielded the flocs with the weakest recoverability within both the shear force and break-up period ranges investigated. Moreover, the floc compactness followed the order of FeCl3TiCl4Al2(SO4)3 under either shear force condition. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Zhao, YX, Phuntsho, S, Gao, BY, Huang, X, Qi, QB, Yue, QY, Wang, Y, Kim, J-H & Shon, HK 2013, 'Preparation and Characterization of Novel Polytitanium Tetrachloride Coagulant for Water Purification', ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, vol. 47, no. 22, pp. 12966-12975.
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Polymeric metal coagulants are increasingly being used to improve coagulation efficiency, yet the research on the development of titanium and particularly polytitanium salts remains limited. This study is the first attempt in the synthesis, characterization, and application of polytitanium salts as coagulants. Polytitanium tetrachloride (PTC) solutions with different basicity values B (OH/Ti molar ratio) were prepared using a slow alkaline titration method. Jar tests were conducted to assess coagulation performance using both synthetic and real raw water samples, and the floc characteristics were monitored online using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. Electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) was utilized to identify various Ti species, with the results providing strong evidence of the presence of various hydrolyzed Ti species in the titanium aqueous phase. Compared to titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), higher or comparable turbidity and organic matter removal efficiency could be achieved by PTC with improved floc characteristics in terms of size, growth rate, and structure. Besides, the water pH after PTC coagulation was significantly improved toward neutral pH. This study indicates that PTC is an effective and promising coagulant for water purification. Besides, the PTC flocculated sludge was able to recycle and produce functional TiO2 photocatalyst. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

Zheng, W, Wang, G, Zhao, G, Wei, D & Jiang, Z 2013, 'Modeling and analysis of dry friction in micro-forming of metals', Tribology International, vol. 57, pp. 202-209.
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The Tabor friction model was modified by introducing the friction factor. Based on the multi-region model, the micro-uniaxial compression process was simulated to study the size effect considering dry friction. It was found that the grain-boundary has little effect on the dry friction behavior. The mechanical properties of individual grains either in the contact area or in the non-contact area have a significant influence on the friction behavior. With decrease of specimen"s size, the average friction coefficient did not vary much but the value of friction coefficient of each random grain orientation distribution becomes more dispersive. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Zheng, Y, Hou, L, Liu, M, Lu, M, Zhao, H, Yin, G & Zhou, J 2013, 'Diversity, abundance, and activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in Chongming eastern intertidal sediments', Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 97, no. 18, pp. 8351-8363.
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Zhou, J, Cao, L & Yang, N 2013, 'On the convergence of some possibilistic clustering algorithms', Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 415-432.
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In this paper, an analysis of the convergence performance is conducted for a class of possibilistic clustering algorithms (PCAs) utilizing the Zangwill convergence theorem. It is shown that under certain conditions the iterative sequence generated by a PCA converges, at least along a subsequence, to either a local minimizer or a saddle point of the objective function of the algorithm. The convergence performance of more general PCAs is also discussed. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Zhou, J, Xiao, C & Takatsuka, M 2013, 'A multi-dimensional importance metric for contour tree simplification', Journal of Visualization, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 341-349.
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Zhu, H & Chu, Q-X 2013, 'Compact Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Bandpass Filter Using Dual-Stub-Loaded Resonator (DSLR)', IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 527-529.
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Zhu, H & Chu, Q-X 2013, 'Ultra-Wideband Bandpass Filter With a Notch-Band Using Stub-Loaded Ring Resonator', IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 341-343.
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Zhu, XQ, Hao, H & Fan, KQ 2013, 'Detection of delamination between steel bars and concrete using embedded piezoelectric actuators/sensors', Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 105-115.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013. The interface between concrete and steel in reinforced concrete governs the interaction between the two types of materials under loading. When the interface is seriously damaged, such that a macro-crack is formed, debonding may take place or large slip may occur, and the load-transferring capacity of the interface would drop dramatically. This paper presents a novel technique to detect the delamination between the steel bars and concrete in the reinforced concrete structures. The piezoelectric components are mounted on reinforcing bars embedded in RC structures as sensors and actuators to generate the signal, which is sensitive to the delamination between the steel bars and concrete. The experimental study is carried out on two concrete slabs with different debonds between the rebars and concrete. Three parameters are calculated from the measured responses and used to indicate the bonding damage. The test results show that the debond damage between the rebars and concrete can be detected with the embedded piezoelectric sensors and actuators.

Zhu, Y, Gupta, B, Guan, B, Ciampi, S, Reece, PJ & Gooding, JJ 2013, 'Photolithographic Strategy for Patterning Preformed, Chemically Modified, Porous Silicon Photonic Crystal Using Click Chemistry', ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 5, no. 14, pp. 6514-6521.
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Zhu, Y, Qin, L, Yu, JX, Ke, Y & Lin, X 2013, 'High efficiency and quality: large graphs matching.', VLDB J., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 345-368.
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Graph matching plays an essential role in many real applications. In this paper, we study how to match two large graphs by maximizing the number of matched edges, which is known as maximum common subgraph matching and is NP-hard. To find exact matching, it cannot a graph with more than 30 nodes. To find an approximate matching, the quality can be very poor. We propose a novel two-step approach that can efficiently match two large graphs over thousands of nodes with high matching quality. In the first step, we propose an anchor-selection/expansion approach to compute a good initial matching. In the second step, we propose a new approach to refine the initial matching. We give the optimality of our refinement and discuss how to randomly refine the matching with different combinations. We further show how to extend our solution to handle labeled graphs. We conducted extensive testing using real and synthetic datasets and report our findings in this paper. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Zong, Y, Jin, P, Xu, D & Pan, R 2013, 'A Clustering Algorithm based on Local Accumulative Knowledge', Journal of Computers, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 365-371.
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Clustering as an important unsupervised learning technique is widely used to discover the inherent structure of a given data set. For clustering is depended on applications, researchers use different models to defined clustering problems. Heuristic clustering algorithm is an efficient way to deal with clustering problem defined by combining optimization model, but initialization sensitivity is an inevitable problem. In the past decades, a lot of methods have been proposed to deal with such problem. In this paper, on the contrary, we take the advantage of the initialization sensitivity to design a new clustering algorithm. We, firstly, run K-means, a widely used heuristic clustering algorithm, on data set for multiple times to generate several clustering results; secondly, propose a structure named Local Accumulative Knowledge (LAKE) to capture the common information of clustering results; thirdly, execute the Single-linkage algorithm on LAKE to generate a rough clustering result; eventually, assign the rest data objects to the corresponding clusters. Experimental results on synthetic and real world data sets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach in terms of clustering quality measures. © 2013 ACADEMY PUBLISHER.

Zulkifli, NWM, Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH & Yunus, R 2013, 'Experimental Analysis of Tribological Properties of Biolubricant with Nanoparticle Additive', Procedia Engineering, vol. 68, pp. 152-157.
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Zulkifli, NWM, Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH, Shahabuddin, M & Yunus, R 2013, 'Wear prevention characteristics of a palm oil-based TMP (trimethylolpropane) ester as an engine lubricant', Energy, vol. 54, pp. 167-173.
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Zuthi, M, Ngo, H, Guo, W & Nguyen, TT 2013, 'The effects of biomass parameters on the dissolved organic carbon removal in a sponge submerged membrane bioreactor', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 46-50.
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A novel sponge submerged membrane bioreactor (SSMBR) was developed to effectively remove organics and nutrients from wastewater. Sponge is introduced within the SSMBR as a medium for the attached growth of biomass. This paper evaluates the effects of new and acclimatized sponges for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal from wastewater at different mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration of the sludge. It was observed in a series of experimental studies that the acclimatized sponge performed better than the new sponge whilst the optimum DOC removal could be achieved at 10g/L of MLSS with the acclimatized sponge. Moreover, the paper analyses the relationships between the MLSSsponge/MLSSsludge and the DOC removal efficiency of SSMBR. The results showed a non-linear relationship between the biomass parameters of the sponge and the sludge, and the DOC removal efficiency of SSMBR. A second-order polynomial function could reasonably represent these relationships.

Zuthi, MFR, Guo, WS, Ngo, HH, Nghiem, LD & Hai, FI 2013, 'Enhanced biological phosphorus removal and its modeling for the activated sludge and membrane bioreactor processes', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 139, no. 1, pp. 363-374.
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A modified activated sludge process (ASP) for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) needs to sustain stable performance for wastewater treatment to avoid eutrophication in the aquatic environment. Unfortunately, the overall efficiency of the EBPR in ASPs and membrane bioreactors (MBRs) is frequently hindered by different operational/system constraints. Moreover, although phosphorus removal data from several wastewater treatment systems are available, a comprehensive mathematical model of the process is still lacking. This paper presents a critical review that highlights the core issues of the biological phosphorus removal in ASPs and MBRs while discussing the inhibitory process requirements for other nutrients' removal. This mini review also successfully provided an assessment of the available models for predicting phosphorus removal in both ASP and MBR systems. The advantages and limitations of the existing models were discussed together with the inclusion of few guidelines for their improvement. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Zuthi, MFR, Ngo, HH, Guo, WS, Li, JX, Xia, SQ & Zhang, ZQ 2013, 'New proposed conceptual mathematical models for biomass viability and membrane fouling of membrane bioreactor', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 142, no. 1, pp. 737-740.
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The production and accumulation of soluble microbial products (SMP), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and colloidal inert compounds within a membrane bioreactor (MBR) may greatly affect the biomass viability and subsequently the permeability of the membrane. This paper aims at presenting new mathematical models of biomass viability and membrane fouling that has been conceptually developed through establishing links between these biomass parameters and operating parameters of the MBR. The proposed models can be used to predict the biomass viability and membrane fouling at any state of operation of MBR. Meanwhile, easily measurable parameters of the proposed model can also serve to estimate SMP/EPS concentration in the supernatant of MBR without the tedious and expensive measurement.

Zuthi, MFR, Ngo, HH, Guo, WS, Zhang, J & Liang, S 2013, 'A review towards finding a simplified approach for modelling the kinetics of the soluble microbial products (SMP) in an integrated mathematical model of membrane bioreactor (MBR)', INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 466-473.
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Soluble microbial products (SMPs) tend to accumulate in the membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems as a consequence of high membrane rejection and apparently low biodegradability within the wastewater treatment system. The extension of the activated sludge models (ASMs) with SMPs, therefore, has received crucial importance in recent days, particularly considering their potential use as indicators of the membrane fouling propensity. This paper presents a critical review of the formation and degradation kinetics of SMP subdivisions that have so far been used for the mathematical modelling of MBR. The paper identified a simplified approach to incorporate the kinetics of the SMP formation and degradation in the general mathematical models of MBR. It suggested that the inclusion of only four additional linear differential equations in the ASM1-SMP integrated mathematical model could simulate well the effluent quality and membrane fouling prediction. The model would also serve as a useful tool in optimizing operation conditions for better treatability and fouling control.

Abeywardena, D, Wang, Z, Kodagoda, S, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Visual-Inertial Fusion for Quadrotor Micro Air Vehicles with Improved Scale Observability', 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Karlsruhe-Germany, pp. 3148-3153.
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This paper presents a novel algorithm for fusing monocular vision and inertial information for quadrotor Micro Air Vehicles by incorporating the unique dynamic characteristics of that platform into the state estimation process. The dynamics of a quadrotor is unique in that a dual axis accelerometer mounted parallel to the propeller plane provides measurements that are directly proportional to vehicle velocities in that plane. By exploiting these dynamic characteristics, we show that all vehicle states, including the absolute scale, become observable in all motion patterns. This distinguishes our method with other visual-inertial fusion methods, which either assume zero accelerometer bias, or require sufficiently exciting motion, such as non-zero acceleration, to ensure observability of the scale. The advantages of our method over existing visual-inertial fusion algorithms are proved through a theoretical analysis using Lie Derivatives and verified by extensive simulations and experiments.

Abidi, S, Williams, M & Johnston, B 1970, 'Human pointing as a robot directive', 2013 8th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), 2013 8th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), IEEE, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 67-68.
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People are accustomed to directing other people’s attention using pointing gestures. People enact and interpret pointing commands often and effortlessly. If robots understand human intentions (e.g. as encoded in pointing-gestures), they can reach higher

Adak, C & Chaudhuri, BB 1970, 'Extraction of Doodles and Drawings from Manuscripts', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 515-520.
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In this paper we propose an approach to separate the non-texts from texts of a manuscript. The non-texts are mainly in the form of doodles and drawings of some exceptional thinkers and writers. These have enormous historical values due to study on those writers' subconscious as well as productive mind. We also propose a computational approach to recover the struck-out texts to reduce human effort. The proposed technique has a preprocessing stage, which removes noise using median filter and segments object region using fuzzy c-means clustering. Now connected component analysis finds the major portions of non-texts, and window examination eliminates the partially attached texts. The struck-out texts are extracted by eliminating straight lines, measuring degree of continuity, using some morphological operations. © Springer-Verlag 2013.

Aguilera, RP, Quevedo, DE, Vazquez, S & Franquelo, LG 1970, 'Generalized Predictive Direct Power Control for AC/DC converters', 2013 IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder, 2013 IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder (ECCE Asia 2013), IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 1215-1220.
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Predictive-Direct Power Control (P-DPC) is an attractive predictive control technique for AC/DC converters. This control strategy considers a dynamic power model of converter to forecast possible future converter behaviours. Thus, P-DPC provides an optimal switching pattern in order to directly control the active and reactive powers. Nevertheless, as will be shown in this work, this control method limits the converter operation range to a small power angle. In this work, we propose an improved P-DPC strategy, which allows one to extend the power angle operation range of an AC/DC converter while improving its power quality. © 2013 IEEE.

Ahad, MT, Dyson, LE & Gay, V 1970, 'Exploring m-banking for rural SMES from the bank's perspective: A focus group study in Bangladesh', Proceedings - Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2013, Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, The Association for Information Systems (AIS), Jeju Island, South Korea, pp. 1-14.
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There is relatively little known about the m-banking use by the rural small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. This research fills the gap by presenting the Key advantages of using m-banking by the rural SMEs that a bank can offer in Bangladesh. The research also reports on the critical country level-factors, organizational success factors and obstacles in m-banking adoption for rural SMEs. A focus group was interviewed and the data were analysed using NVivo9.The findings indicate that improved banking facility, an opportunity to create employment in rural area, easy settlement of trade between SMEs, better cash management are some important advantages of m-banking for the rural SMEs. Technology and human resource capabilities of the banks together with the development of mobile infrastructure are some influential factors in m-banking development in Bangladesh. This paper also identifies engagement with the SMEs as an important organizational factor in m-banking diffusion for rural SME that have been rarely identified in prior literature. However, the major constraints are the operational constraints such as cash management, policy and regulation and administrative obstacles. Recommendation for a business version m-banking, joint advertisement by the banks and mobile telecom organisations and a regional m-banking platform are also new knowledge in m-banking research. This is one of the few papers from the perspective of a bank, since most of the literature approaches the matter from the consumer standpoint. The outcomes and results of this research will be of potential value to the government, banks and mobile telecommunications in accelerating the development of m-banking in Bangladesh and in other developing countries.

Ahadi, A & Lister, R 1970, 'Geek genes, prior knowledge, stumbling points and learning edge momentum', Proceedings of the ninth annual international ACM conference on International computing education research, ICER '13: International Computing Education Research Conference, ACM, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 123-128.
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ABSTRACT: Computing academics report bimodal grade distributions in their CS1 classes. Some academics believe that such a distribution is due to their being an innate talent for programming, a geek gene, which some students have, while other students do not have it. Robins introduced the concept of learning edge momentum, which offers an alternative explanation for the purported bimodal grade distribution. In this paper, we analyze empirical data from a real introductory programming class, looking for evidence of geek genes, learning edge momentum and other possible factors.

Ahmed, F, Li, R & Feng, Y 1970, 'Development of a compact planar multiband MIMO antenna for 4G/LTE/WLAN mobile phone standards', ISAP 2013 - Proceedings of the 2013 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), IEEE, Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 539-542.
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A compact planar multiband MIMO antenna system is developed. The MIMO antenna consists of two symmetric antenna elements, each of which comprises three effective radiators: a driven monopole, a meandered S- and F-shaped strip and all are printed on the front side of a thin low-cost substrate. At VSWR ≤ 2.75, the proposed MIMO antenna operates in the frequency range of LTE-1, LTE-2, LTE-3, LTE-7, LTE-40, and WLAN 2.4 GHz bands. The experimental results verify the simulations. Higher isolation (> 18 dB) is achieved. The received signals satisfy the condition Pi≈Pj. The measured correlation coefficient is lower than 0.01 and radiation patterns of each antenna unit can cover complementary space region that confirms both the spatial and pattern diversity. © 2013 Antenna Society of the Chinese Institute of Electronics.

Ahmed, F, Ying Feng & Ronglin Li 1970, 'Dual wide-band four-unit MIMO antenna system for 4G/LTE and WLAN mobile phone applications', 2013 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2013 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), IEEE, Loughborough Univ, Loughborough, ENGLAND, pp. 202-207.
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Al Mahmud, KAH, Zulkifli, NWM, Masjuki, HH, Varman, M, Kalam, MA, Mobarak, HM, Imran, A & Shahir, SA 1970, 'Working Temperature Effect of A-C: H/A-C: H and Steel/Steel Contacts on Tribo Properties in Presence of Sunflower Oil as a Bio Lubricant', Procedia Engineering, Elsevier BV, pp. 550-557.
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Alam, T, Mahmud, KHAA, Hasan, MF, Shahir, SA, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Imran, A & Mobarak, HM 1970, 'Effect of Magnesia on Zinc Oxide Stabilized Nano Alumina Ceramic Powder in Sintering Process and its Impact on Mechanical Properties', Procedia Engineering, Elsevier BV, pp. 723-729.
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Alammari, AM & Chandran, D 1970, 'Adoption of Knowledge Management and Net Generation Characteristics in eLearning Communities in Saudi Arabia', VISION 2020: INNOVATION, DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABILITY, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH, VOLS 1-3, International Business Information Management, IBMA Publishing, Vienna, Austria, pp. 818-823.
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E-Learning and Knowledge management are crucial for organizations due to the massive amount of knowledge that now exists within and outside an organization. This Paper analyses the current relationship between e-learning, knowledge management and Net-Generation. It identifies some of the future trends in designing effective E-Learning communities; and possible areas for improvement implementation through IT innovations in Saudi Arabia.

Alempijevic, A, Fitch, R, Kirchner, N & IEEE 1970, 'Bootstrapping Navigation and Path Planning Using Human Positional Traces', 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Karlsruhe, Germany, pp. 1242-1247.
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Navigating and path planning in environments with limited a priori knowledge is a fundamental challenge for mobile robots. Robots operating in human-occupied environments must also respect sociocontextual boundaries such as personal workspaces. There is a need for robots to be able to navigate in such environments without having to explore and build an intricate representation of the world. In this paper, a method for supplementing directly observed environmental information with indirect observations of occupied space is presented. The proposed approach enables the online inclusion of novel human positional traces and environment information into a probabilistic framework for path planning. Encapsulation of sociocontextual information, such as identifying areas that people tend to use to move through the environment, is inherently achieved without supervised learning or labelling. Our method bootstraps navigation with indirectly observed sensor data, and leverages the flexibility of the Gaussian process (GP) for producing a navigational map that sampling based path planers such as Probabilistic Roadmaps (PRM) can effectively utilise. Empirical results on a mobile platform demonstrate that a robot can efficiently and socially-appropriately reach a desired goal by exploiting the navigational map in our Bayesian statistical framework. © 2013 IEEE.

Ali, MS, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Novel MIMO linear zero dynamic controller for the grid-connected photovoltaic system with weather disturbances', 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, IEEE, Vancouver, CANADA.
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Ali, MS, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Roy, NK 1970, 'Stability analysis of grid-connected photovoltaic systems using a linear zero dynamic controller', 2013 IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), 2013 IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA 2013), IEEE, Swinburne Univ Technol, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 628-633.
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Al-Jaafreh, AO, Gill, A, Al-Ani, A, Al-adaileh, R & Alzoubi, Y 1970, 'Factors influencing customer's initial trust of internet banking services in the Jordanian context: A review', Creating Global Competitive Economies: 2020 Vision Planning and Implementation - Proceedings of the 22nd International Business Information Management Association Conference, IBIMA 2013, International Business Information Management, IBIM, Rome, Italy, pp. 281-288.
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Internet banking services (IBS) offer customers and banks many benefits. IBS have been widely adopted and used in developed countries; however IBS adoption in developing countries such as Jordan is still low. Lack of customer' trust is considered the most important impediment to the use of IBS in developing countries. The aim of this study is to investigate and identify the factors that influence customer's initial trust of IBS in the Jordanian context. This paper adopts the qualitative literature survey approach and reports two main categories: Human category and Information Technology category. Human category includes: personality-based trust, cognition-based trust (Reputation), Institutional-based trust (structural assurance), social factors (culture) and supporting factors (relative advantages). Information Technology category includes: website factors (security, privacy, and general online experiences)). We argue that these factors can be useful for organisations in understanding and addressing customer's initial trust about IBS in the Jordanian context.

Aljabri, A, Jiang, ZY, Wei, DB, Wang, XD & Tibar, H 1970, 'Modeling of Thin Strip Profile during Cold Rolling on Roll Crossing and Shifting Mill', 8th Pacific Rim International Congress on Advanced Materials and Processing 2013, PRICM 8, Pacific Rim International Congress on Advanced Materials and Processing, Springer International Publishing, Waikoloa, Hawaii, USA, pp. 3001-3007.
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Strip profile control in cold rolling of thin strip is a difficult and challenge problem found in industry. Currently using the novel type of strip rolling mill, such as the work roll crossing and shifting is the one of the main methods to control the strip profile quality in cold rolling. In this paper, 3-D finite element simulation models of the thin strip profile in cold rolling for the work roll crossing and shifting system were successfully developed. The strip profile and edge drop are discussed considering both crossing angle and shifting value of the work rolls. The research shows that the combination of the work rolls crossing and shifting can effectively improve the strip profile. The developed 3D-finite element model has been verified with the measured values. The obtain result are applicable to control the rolled thin strip profile during cold rolling process.

Almarwani, A, Alqarni, L, Hakami, H, Chaczko, Z & Min Xu 1970, 'Door wave home automation system', IET International Conference on Smart and Sustainable City 2013 (ICSSC 2013), IET International Conference on Smart and Sustainable City 2013 (ICSSC 2013), Institution of Engineering and Technology, Shanghai, China, pp. 98-103.
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The technological developments are focused on automation of control systems. Technology is used in homes to create a digital environment such as controlling room temperature, sundry devices, security and lighting. The design of home automation systems is geared towards the automation of processes like remote control of the home environment appliances. The use of Wireless Sensor and Actuators Networks (WSANs) in home automation is a growing trend. WSANs are based on network architecture and protocols in order to enable a network of integrated devices which monitor and control household apparatus.

Alon, N, Lee, T, Shraibman, A & Vempala, S 1970, 'The approximate rank of a matrix and its algorithmic applications', Proceedings of the forty-fifth annual ACM symposium on Theory of Computing, STOC'13: Symposium on Theory of Computing, ACM.
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Al-Sharif, AAA, Pradhan, B, Hadi, SJ & Mola, N 1970, 'Revisiting methods and potentials of SAR change detection', Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science, pp. 2231-2237.
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Change detection is one of the important applications in earth environment observation, risk management and security. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) provides a dependable and valuable source of information for monitoring changes and change detection applications. In this work, different methods and different SAR data that used in change detection application and factors which effect on this application have been studied. It has been found that the use of SAR data in monitoring and detecting changes is beneficial and advantageous; especially if SAR data integrated with optical data. Combination of methods and considering target conditions and other factors, overcomes the deficiencies that affect the use of SAR data in change detection. The use of combination technique gives an indication that we can combine other methods to enhance monitoring changes based on study area conditions; also we can develop new algorithms based on which combination would be used.

Alshehri, A, Khalilpour, R, Abbas, A & Lai, Z 1970, 'Membrane Systems Engineering for Post-combustion Carbon Capture', Energy Procedia, International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Technologies (GHGT), Elsevier BV, Kyoto, JAPAN, pp. 976-985.
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Al-Turjman, F, Refai, H, Alsalih, W, Ben-Othman, J, Beraldi, R, Braun, R, Filali, F, Karim, L, Lee, Y, Leung, V, Lu, R, Mišić, J, Moradi, H, Ozturk, S, Radwan, A, Shi, Z, Sulyman, AI, Taha, AE, Zeadally, S, Al-Awami, L, Iftikhar, M, Imran, M, TalebiFard, P & Vijay, G 1970, 'Welcome message from the WLN chairs', 38th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, 38th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN 2013), IEEE, p. 60.
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Amirsadri, A, Bishop, AN, Kim, J, Trumpf, J & Petersson, L 1970, 'Consistency analysis for data fusion: Determining when the unknown correlation can be ignored', 2013 International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS), 2013 International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 97-102.
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In this paper we examine the conditions in which data fusion can be performed by neglecting the unmodeled correlation between two information sources without compromising the consistency of the system. More specifically, we explore those situations in which one can disregard the correlation information and achieve a consistent estimate by simply adding the respective estimates' information matrices. This estimate will deliver considerably better performance than the widely employed Covariance Intersection (CI) algorithm in terms of estimation uncertainty. © 2013 IEEE.

An, L & Lu, DD-C 1970, 'Design of a single-switch DC-DC converter for PV-battery powered pump system', 2013 1st International Future Energy Electronics Conference (IFEEC), 2013 1st International Future Energy Electronics Conference (IFEEC), IEEE, Tainan, Taiwan, Taiwan, pp. 359-364.
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A single-switch non-isolated DC-DC converter for a PV-battery powered pump system is proposed in this paper. The converter is formed by combining a buck converter with a buckboost converter. This integration also resulted in reduced repeated power processing, hence improving the conversion efficiency. The converter is able to perform maximum power point tracking, and battery charging and to drive the pump, on the condition that the pump can be operated without precise speed requirements. The battery in the converter provides a more steady DC-link voltage as compared to that of a conventional single-stage converter. Experimental results of a 14W laboratory prototype converter confirmed the performance of the proposed converter when used in a PV-battery-pump system. © 2013 IEEE.

Andrews, T, Dyson, LE & Wishart, J 1970, 'Supporting Practitioners in Implementing Mobile Learning and Overcoming Ethical Concerns: A Scenario-Based Approach', 12th World Conference on Mobile and Contextual Learning (mLearn 2013), 12th World Conference on Mobile and Contextual Learning (mLearn 2013), Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), Qatar, pp. 1-8.
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AbstractEthical concerns about mobile learning have been raised across all sectors of the educational system, sometimes resultingin the banning of mobile phones in schools and retarding the adoption of mobile learning as rapidly as might haveinitially been envisaged. A way of dealing with this problem is to empower mobile learning practitioners and researchersto deal effectively with ethical dilemmas through the development of their ethical reasoning. A commonly acceptedapproach to ethical development is by means of scenarios, to which ethical principles are applied in order to producesolutions. In this paper four scenarios are presented which were developed at two mobile learning and ethics workshopsconducted in 2012. An ethics framework for the analysis of the scenarios is described and finally a strategy is outlined forconducting professional development of teachers and academics as well as training for student teachers. The authorspropose that ethical scenarios provide not only a means of developing the competence of teachers and academics indealing with ethical issues in their mobile learning practice and research, but may well lead to the greater adoption ofmobile learning as fears of ethical issues diminish once a way to providing solutions is demonstrated. Finally, scenariosare seen as a tool to foster conversations with educational managers and administrators in order to promote policydevelopment and practical responses to ethical issues in mobile learning.

Ang, K & Aubrey, TA 1970, 'Shelf-life of post-graduate engineering education: relevance and currency in an age of dynamic industry expectations', 24th Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE2013), Australasian Association of Engineering Education (AAEE) Conference 2013, Australasian Association of Engineering Education (AAEE), Sunshine Coast.
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BACKGROUND In response to the changing environment, industry requirements and the underpinning AQF specifications for higher education awards, UTS Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology (FEIT) has embarked on a research project to review their Masters programs to ensure that the commitment to practice-based fields in both Engineering and Information Technology (EIT) education remains relevant. Both fields share synergies for teaching and research, and both professions are constantly evolving in a dynamic environment. For context, postgraduate courses in this study are the Masters of Enginering (ME), Engineering Studies (MES), Engineering Management (MEM), Internetworking (MSc.I) and Information Technology (MIT). This paper draws on research insights that form part of a larger project that entails stakeholder consultations (students/graduates, industry and academics) as part of the 3 yearly Faculty Masters review and renewal process. The research completed to date includes quantitative and qualitative perspectives of current students and recent graduates regarding their learning and professional expectations and actual experiences, including relevance and currency in industry. PURPOSE The key purpose of this paper is to present the insights based on research conducted with stakeholder perspectives centred on their needs, expectations and actual experience. Consequently the purpose is to evaluate the currency, relevance and value of current postgraduate program contributions to industry and the Engineering and IT profession; and more importantly in addressing future industry needs to ensure that Engineering and IT education programs remains robust, relevant and sustainable in dynamic industry environments where rapid change is the norm. DESIGN/METHOD The study utilised a mixed-methodology with quantitative and qualitative perspectives. 308 students and graduates were surveyed online to gauge their attitudes with regards to the relevance and ...

Anstiss, S & Marjanovic, O 1970, 'Assessing quality of unstructured data – Insights from a global imaging company', Proceedings of the 24th Australasian Conference on Information Systems.
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The main objective of this research is to understand whether or not previous Data Quality (DQ) frameworks are still applicable in today’s organisational environment characterised by a wide variety of data types, including the unstructured data. The paper describes a pilot study conducted in a global imaging company with the researchers adopting and re-examining a previously developed data quality framework, used in a number of different research studies for more than a decade. The study focuses on two research questions: Are the existing data quality frameworks developed for highly structured data, still applicable to today’s organisational environment? Do users’ perceptions of data quality change depending on data type? The paper reports on the main findings and offers some suggestions for future research.

Arab, P, Heimlich, M & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Investigation of radar localization system accuracy for human gastro intestine (GI) tract', 2013 7th International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT), 2013 7th International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT 2013), IEEE, Japan, pp. 144-148.
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Recent developments in capsule endoscopy have highlighted the need for accurate techniques to estimate the location of a capsule endoscope. A high accuracy localization of the order of millimeters is required for endoscopic applications. Location estimation of a capsule endoscope in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a challenging problem, as radio frequency signals encounter a high loss and highly dynamic channel propagation environment. In this paper, the characteristics of radio frequency signal absorption inside the human body are investigated with the aim of developing an accurate propagation model. Furthermore, the possibility of using a radar system for capsule localization is investigated and compared to its operation in the 2.4G Hz ISM band. © 2013 IEEE.

Argha, A, Li, L, Su, SW & IEEE 1970, 'A New Approach to Applying Discrete Sliding Mode Control to 2D Systems', 2013 IEEE 52ND ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC), IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, Florence, Italy, pp. 3584-3589.
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Sliding mode control has been applied previously to a specific form of 2D systems (Roesser model). In this paper a new approach (ID vectorial form) is introduced for this problem. Using ID form to represent 2D systems can be used as an alternative strategy to reduce the inherent complexity of 2D systems and their applications. Unlike Wave Advanced Model (WAM) form (proposed by Porter and Aravena), the suggested ID vectorial form, in this paper, has invariable dimension and consequently can be converted to regular form for sliding mode control (SMC). In this paper, the first Fornasini and Marchesini (FM) model of 2D systems which is a second order recursive form is considered. Meantime, the suggested method can be simply deployed to other first or second order 2D models. ©2013 IEEE.

Argha, A, Li, L, Su, SW, Nguyen, H & Australia, E 1970, 'The Application of Discrete Sliding Mode Control in Parabolic PDE Dynamics', 2013 3RD AUSTRALIAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (AUCC), Australian Control Conference, IEEE, Perth, Australia, pp. 152-157.
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In this paper, the problem of applying Discrete Sliding Mode Control (DSMC) on spatially finite-dimensional systems arising from discretization of bi-variate Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) describing spatio-temporal systems is studied. To this end, heat transfer PDE is discretized to create 2D discrete dynamics and eventually this 2D spatiotemporal discrete form is represented in 1D vectorial form. In order to study the effect of discrepancy between original PDE dynamics and their discrete schemes, an uncertainty term is also considered for the obtained discrete dynamics. According to the notion of strong stability and, in addition, using scaling matrices (similarity transformation), a new method for considering the stability of discrete-time systems in the presence of general uncertainty term (matched and unmatched) is developed. It is also shown that the proposed method in this paper can be used for the case with spatial constraints on the actuation. Consequently, as special cases, the problem of spatially piece-wise constant, sparse and also boundary control input are studied. © 2013 Engineers Australia.

Arshad, S, Wang, Y & Chen, F 1970, 'Analysing mouse activity for cognitive load detection', Proceedings of the 25th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference: Augmentation, Application, Innovation, Collaboration, OzCHI '13: Augmentation, Application, Innovation, Collaboration, ACM, pp. 115-118.
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User interaction and multimodal behaviour have been argued as viable indicators of cognitive load. We extend this idea to explore interactive mouse behaviour for the same. Though mouse dynamics is generally being explored as a biometric technology, we intend to adapt and enhance this usage for detecting pattern changes in user behaviour as cognitive load is varied. The scope of this paper is limited to analysing mouse interaction data generated during a larger multitier experiment (aimed at investigating effects of cognitive load on organisational trust). Mouse events data is from 88 subjects, each of which completed two different tasks (labelled T1 & T3) twice (under randomized order of high and low cognitive load levels). High cognitive load was induced using standard dual-task design. This paper brings forth core issues in mouse activity analysis and focuses on pause/break activity as possible indicator of cognitive load (in the context of performed experiment). Significant differences were found in extracted features from contemplation and hesitation type pause categories and future course of study charted.

Askari, M, Li, J & Samali, B 1970, 'A Multi-objective Subtractive FCM Based TSK Fuzzy System with Input Selection, and Its Application to Dynamic Inverse Modelling of MR Dampers', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Zakopane, POLAND, pp. 215-226.
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A new encoding scheme is presented for a fuzzy-based nonlinear system identification methodology, using the subtractive Fuzzy C-Mean clustering and a modified version of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. This method is able to automatically select the best inputs as well as the structure of the fuzzy model such as rules and membership functions. Moreover, three objective functions are considered to satisfy both accuracy and compactness of the model. The proposed method is then employed to identify the inverse model of a highly nonlinear structural control device, namely Magnetorheological (MR) damper. It is shown that the developed evolving TakagiSugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy model can identify and grasp the nonlinear dynamics of inverse systems very well, while a small number of inputs and fuzzy rules are required for this purpose.

Athukorala, R, Indraratna, B & Vinod, JS 1970, 'Modeling the Internal Erosion Behavior of Lignosulfonate Treated Soil', Geo-Congress 2013, Geo-Congress 2013, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 1872-1881.
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This paper presents the development of an analytical model to predict the erosion rate of stabilised soil based on the law of conservation of energy. The model incorporates the strain energy intensity until failure, obtained from the stress-strain curves of lignosulfonate treated soil, to account for the stabilisation. The novel approach of this model is to correlate the shear strength characteristics with the erosion resistance. The proposed equation was used to predict the erosion rates of a non-plastic silty sand treated with lignosulfonate. The erosion resistance was interpreted in terms of the coefficient of soil erosion and the critical shear stress initiating erosion. It was observed that with the increasing amount of lignosulfonate, the critical shear stress increases and the coefficient of soil erosion decreases. The proposed model predicts the erosion resistant behaviour of lignosulfonate treated soil similar to the laboratory experiments. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Atif, A, Richards, D & Bilgin, A 1970, 'A student retention model: Empirical, theoretical and pragmatic considerations', Proceedings of the 24th Australasian Conference on Information Systems.
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This research-in-progress paper draws on an extensive body of literature related to student retention. The purpose of this study is to develop a student retention model utilising student demographic data and a combination of data from student information systems, course management systems and other similar tools to accurately predict academic success of students at our own institution. Our research extends Tinto’s model by incorporating a number of components from Bean’s, Astin’s and Swail’s model. Our proposed eclectic model consists of seven components, identified as determinants of student retention. The strength in the model lies in its ability to help institutions work proactively to support student retention and achievement. The proposed research methodology to be used in this study is “a mixed-methods concurrent triangulation strategy”. The results are expected to indicate which of the factors are most important in developing an information system to predict and suggest interventions to improve retention.

Atif, A, Richards, D, Bilgin, A & Marrone, M 1970, 'Learning analytics in higher education: A summary of tools and approaches', 30th Annual conference on Australian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, ASCILITE 2013, pp. 68-72.
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Higher education institutions recently have been drawing on methods from learning analytics to make decisions about learners’ academic progress, predictions about future performance and to recognise potential issues. As the use of learning analytics in higher education is a relatively new area of practice and research, the intent of this paper is to provide an overview of learning analytics including a summary of some exemplar tools. Finally we conclude the paper with a discussion on challenges and ethical issues.

Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Atashbar, NZ, Chang, E & Pazhoheshfar, P 1970, 'Z-AHP: A Z-number extension of fuzzy analytical hierarchy process', 2013 7th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (DEST), 2013 7th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (DEST) - Complex Environment Engineering, IEEE, Menlo Park, CA, pp. 141-147.
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Azari, B, Fatahi, B & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'Long-term Viscoplastic Behaviour of Embankments Built on Improved Soft Soil Using Vertical Drains', Geo-Congress 2013, Geo-Congress 2013, American Society of Civil Engineers, San Diego, California, pp. 2124-2132.
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In this paper, a nonlinear elastic visco-plastic model is incorporated in the general consolidation equation to investigate the time dependent performance of embankments constructed over deep soft soil deposits stabilised with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) and preloading. To model vertical and radial consolidation processes, a finite difference formulation is implemented for fully coupled axisymmetric consolidation. The developed numerical model is validated against Väsby test fill with the available long-term settlement monitoring results for the soft clay deposit improved with PVDs assisted preloading. Practicing engineers can adopt the developed code and guidelines to predict the long term performance of embankments on soft soil consolidated using preloading. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Azmat, Z & Tuan, HD 1970, 'Power allocation for Gaussian Mixture model prior knowledge in wirless sensor networks', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 5765-5769.
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This paper presents power allocation in nonlinear sensor networks for Gaussian Mixture (GM) information source. The observations of sensors are transmitted through independent Rayleigh flat fading channels to a fusion centre (FC). Transmit Power is optimally allocated to sensor nodes so as to minimize the mean square error (MSE) of estimate at FC. Bayesian linear and optimal nonlinear estimators are deployed at FC to compare the proposed optimal and uniform power allocation among sensors. Extensive simulations validate that the proposed Bayesian linear estimator with optimized power gains effectively works for GM prior distribution

Bakirov, R & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Investigation of Expert Addition Criteria for Dynamically Changing Online Ensemble Classifiers with Multiple Adaptive Mechanisms', ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS AND INNOVATIONS, AIAI 2013, 9th IFIP WG 12.5 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations (AIAI), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Paphos, CYPRUS, pp. 646-656.
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Bakker, S, van den Hoven, E & Eggen, B 1970, 'FireFlies', Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction, TEI'13: Seventh International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction, ACM, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 57-64.
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This paper presents a research-through-design study into interactive systems for a primary school setting to support teachers' everyday tasks. We developed an open-ended interactive system called FireFlies, which is intended to be interacted with in the periphery of the teacher's attention and thereby become an integral part of everyday routines. FireFlies uses light-objects and audio as a (background) information display. Furthermore, teachers can manipulate the light and audio through physical interaction. A working prototype of FireFlies was deployed in four different classrooms for six weeks. Qualitative results reveal that all teachers found a relevant way of working with FireFlies, which they applied every day of the evaluation. After the study had ended and the systems were removed from the schools, the teachers kept reaching for the devices and mentioned they missed FireFlies, which shows that it had become part of their everyday routine.

Bakker, S, Van Den Hoven, E & Eggen, E 1970, 'FireFlies: Physical peripheral interaction design for the everyday routine of primary school teachers', TEI 2013 - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction, pp. 57-64.
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This paper presents a research-through-design study into interactive systems for a primary school setting to support teachers' everyday tasks. We developed an open-ended interactive system called FireFlies, which is intended to be interacted with in the periphery of the teacher's attention and thereby become an integral part of everyday routines. FireFlies uses light-objects and audio as a (background) information display. Furthermore, teachers can manipulate the light and audio through physical interaction. A working prototype of FireFlies was deployed in four different classrooms for six weeks. Qualitative results reveal that all teachers found a relevant way of working with FireFlies, which they applied every day of the evaluation. After the study had ended and the systems were removed from the schools, the teachers kept reaching for the devices and mentioned they missed FireFlies, which shows that it had become part of their everyday routine. Copyright 2013 ACM.

Baldwin, A, Johnson, D, Wyeth, P & Sweetser, P 1970, 'A framework of Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment in competitive multiplayer video games', 2013 IEEE International Games Innovation Conference (IGIC), 2013 IEEE International Games Innovation Conference (IGIC), IEEE.
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Ball, JE, Retallick, M, Babister, M & Finlay, S 1970, 'Managing a National Design Flood Estimation Project', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH IAHR WORLD CONGRESS, VOLS III AND IV, 35th World Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydro-Environment-Engineering-and-Research (IAHR), TSINGHUA UNIV, Int Assoc Hydro Environm Engn & Res, Chengdu, PEOPLES R CHINA.

Ballas, N, Yang, Y, Lan, Z-Z, Delezoide, B, Preteux, F & Hauptmann, A 1970, 'Space-Time Robust Representation for Action Recognition', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 2704-2711.
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We address the problem of action recognition in unconstrained videos. We propose a novel content driven pooling that leverages space-time context while being robust toward global space-time transformations. Being robust to such transformations is of primary importance in unconstrained videos where the action localizations can drastically shift between frames. Our pooling identifies regions of interest using video structural cues estimated by differ ent saliency functions. To combine the different structural information, we introduce an iterative structure learning algorithm, WSVM (weighted SVM), that determines the optimal saliency layout of an action model through a sparse regularizer. A new optimization method is proposed to solve the WSVM' highly non-smooth objective function. We evaluate our approach on standard action datasets (KTH, UCF50 and HMDB). Most noticeably, the accuracy of our algorithm reaches 51.8% on the challenging HMDB dataset which outperforms the state-of-the-art of 7.3% relatively. © 2013 IEEE.

Balvey, A, Gil Lafuente, AM, Merigo, JM & Garriga, X 1970, 'APPLICATION OF THE FORGOTTEN EFFECTS MODEL TO THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS', DECISION MAKING SYSTEMS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, International Conference on Modeling and Simulation in Engineering, Economics and Management for Sustainable Development, WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL, pp. 407-420.

Bano Sahibzada, M & Zowghi, D 1970, 'Service Oriented Requirements Engineering: Practitioner’s Perspective', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Service Oriented Computing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Shanghai, China, pp. 380-392.
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Over a decade ago Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) was introduced to provide better alignment between business requirements and IT solutions. During this period a great deal of research interest has emerged from academia and industry alike, to promote this new style of software development. The promise was that SOA based development will improve reusability, agility, platform independence and dynamic discovery, reconfiguration and change management. In spite of all the promises and enhancement in tools and technologies, the service oriented software development continues to face various challenges especially in Requirements Engineering. In this paper we present a qualitative study of Service Oriented Requirements Engineering. Data was collected by conducting interviews with practitioners from IT companies in Sydney, who are experienced in working on SOA based projects. The objective was to explore the issues and challenges faced during requirements analysis in service oriented software development. The results show that Service-Oriented software development has not only inherited existing issues of traditional Requirements Engineering but has also introduced new challenges. The technology has become advanced in SOA but the issues related to the organizational and business aspect of service oriented development need more attention for achieving true benefits of this technology. © Springer-Verlag 2013.

Bano, M & Zowghi, D 1970, 'User involvement in software development and system success: a systematic literature review.', EASE, International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering, ACM, Porto de Galinhas, Brazil, pp. 125-130.
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Context: In the last four decades involving users in the software development process is claimed to have a positive impact on the success of that software. However, previous reviews on this topic have produced conflicting results. Objectives: Our aim is to present a review on user involvement in software development process and investigate its relationship to software system success. Methods: For our exploration, we performed a Systematic Literature Review using the guidelines provided in the Evidence Based Software Engineering literature. Results: 87 relevant empirical studies were selected and reviewed that investigate various perspectives and concepts of user involvement in software development process during the period of 1980-2012. Among 87 studies reviewed, 59 report that user involvement positively contributes to system success, 7 suggest a negative contribution and 21 are uncertain. Conclusions: Our results show an overall positive impact of user involvement on system success. It also suggests that the relationship between user involvement and system success is neither direct nor simple, and it depends on many different factors and conditions surrounding systems development processes. Copyright 2013 ACM.

Bano, M, Zowghi, D & IEEE 1970, 'Users' Involvement in Requirements Engineering and System Success', 2013 IEEE THIRD INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON EMPIRICAL REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING (EMPIRE), IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference, IEEE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, pp. 24-31.
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Involving users in software development in general, and in Requirements Engineering (RE) in particular, has been considered for over three decades. It is axiomatically believed to contribute significantly to a successful system. However, not much attention has been paid to ascertain in which phases of software development life cycle involvement or participation of users is most beneficial. In this paper we present an investigation into the concept of users' involvement during RE activities and explore its relationship with system success. We have conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) using guidelines of Evidence Based Software Engineering. Our SLR identified 87 empirical studies from the period of 1980 to 2012. Only 13 studies focused specifically on investigating users' involvement in RE and 9 of these confirmed benefits of involving users in requirements analysis and 4 remain inconclusive. Effective involvement of users in RE may reduce the need for their more active involvement in the rest of software development. This paper also offers a checklist we have created from the identified factors of all 87 empirical studies that should be utilised for effective users' involvement in RE. © 2013 IEEE.

Baro, EN, Oberst, S, Lai, JCS & Evans, TA 1970, 'A signal processing method for extracting vibration signals due to ants' activities', 42nd International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering 2013, INTER-NOISE 2013: Noise Control for Quality of Life, International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering, Innsbruck, Austria, pp. 3631-3640.
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Many software algorithms have been developed to track ants by analysing recorded videos. On the other hand, the feasibility of using vibrations measured at the substrate to classify ants' behaviour has not been examined before. A method is developed to separate vibrations owing to ants' activities from the substrate's response through a filtering/de-convolution procedure. This involves estimating the frequency response of the substrate and applying wavelet analysis to the measured vibrations. A number of responses due to ants' behaviours have been observed: Ants shaking, falling, carrying stones, walking, scratching/biting, tapping hind legs, grooming, and antennation/feeding. Vibrations produced by ants falling, carrying stones, walking and scratching/biting are measurable (i.e, above background noise levels). The proposed method is shown to be successful in classifying activities due to ants falling, ants carrying stones and to a lesser extent ants' scratching/biting. With further refinement, it seems feasible to use vibrations and the proposed algorithm to measure ants' behaviours in bioassays. Copyright© (2013) by Austrian Noise Abatement Association (OAL).

Barua, B, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, DR, Safaei, F & IEEE 1970, 'Outage Probability of Multihop Relay Networks', 2013 9TH INTERNATIONAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND MOBILE COMPUTING CONFERENCE (IWCMC), IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications, IEEE, Sardinia, Italy, pp. 456-460.
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In this paper we analyze the outage performance of a multihop cooperative relay network where relays in the system can change positions dynamically and use all possible links to forward the message to the next hop over Rayleigh fading channels. We derive the general closed form expression of outage probability and asymptotic coding gain of the network.

Barua, B, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, DR, Safaei, F & IEEE 1970, 'SEP of Multihop Relay Networks in Nakagami-m Fading Channels', 2013 IEEE 78TH VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (VTC FALL), IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE, Las Vegas, NV, USA, pp. 1-5.
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In this paper we analyze the error performance of a cooperative multihop parallel relay network over Nakagamim fading channels using M-ary Phase-shift keying (MPSK) modulation. We derive the general closed form expression of the symbol error probability (SEP) and present numerical results on the performance of the network. Copyright © 2013 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc.

Beck, D, Thoms, J, Perera, D, Unnikrishnan, A, Knezevic, K, O'Brien, T, Gottgens, B, Wong, J & Pimanda, J 1970, 'Genome-wide analysis of transcriptional regulators in human hscs reveals a densely interconnected network of coding and non-coding genes', Experimental Hematology, 42nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the International-Society-for-Experimental-Hematology-and-Stem-Cells (ISEH), Elsevier BV, Vienna, AUSTRIA, pp. S17-S17.
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Behbood, V, Lu, J, Zhang, G & IEEE 1970, 'Text Categorization by Fuzzy Domain Adaptation', 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ - IEEE 2013), IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Hyderabad, India, pp. 1841-1848.
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Machine learning methods have attracted attention of researches in computational fields such as classification/categorization. However, these learning methods work under the assumption that the training and test data distributions are identical. In some real world applications, the training data (from the source domain) and test data (from the target domain) come from different domains and this may result in different data distributions. Moreover, the values of the features and/or labels of the data sets could be non-numeric and contain vague values. In this study, we propose a fuzzy domain adaptation method, which offers an effective way to deal with both issues. It utilizes the similarity concept to modify the target instances' labels, which were initially classified by a shift-unaware classifier. The proposed method is built on the given data and refines the labels. In this way it performs completely independently of the shift-unaware classifier. As an example of text categorization, 20Newsgroup data set is used in the experiments to validate the proposed method. The results, which are compared with those generated when using different baselines, demonstrate a significant improvement in the accuracy. © 2013 IEEE.

Beigi, S, Chen, J, Grassl, M, Ji, Z, Wang, Q & Zeng, B 1970, 'Symmetries of Codeword Stabilized Quantum Codes', Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics, LIPIcs, pp. 192-206.
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Symmetry is at the heart of coding theory. Codes with symmetry, especiallycyclic codes, play an essential role in both theory and practical applicationsof classical error-correcting codes. Here we examine symmetry properties forcodeword stabilized (CWS) quantum codes, which is the most general frameworkfor constructing quantum error-correcting codes known to date. A CWS code Q canbe represented by a self-dual additive code S and a classical code C, i.,e.,Q=(S,C), however this representation is in general not unique. We show that forany CWS code Q with certain permutation symmetry, one can always find aself-dual additive code S with the same permutation symmetry as Q such thatQ=(S,C). As many good CWS codes have been found by starting from a chosen S,this ensures that when trying to find CWS codes with certain permutationsymmetry, the choice of S with the same symmetry will suffice. A key step forthis result is a new canonical representation for CWS codes, which is given interms of a unique decomposition as union stabilizer codes. For CWS codes, sofar mainly the standard form (G,C) has been considered, where G is a graphstate. We analyze the symmetry of the corresponding graph of G, which ingeneral cannot possess the same permutation symmetry as Q. We show that it isindeed the case for the toric code on a square lattice with translationalsymmetry, even if its encoding graph can be chosen to be translationalinvariant.

Benaben, F, Hussain, F & Pereira, E 1970, 'Track I: Collaborative platforms for sustainable logistics and transportation', 2013 7th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (DEST), 2013 7th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (DEST) - Complex Environment Engineering, IEEE.
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Berry, R, Edmonds, E & Johnston, A 1970, 'Representational systems with tangible and graphical elements', 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), IEEE, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 1-4.
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This research centres on the development of a number of prototype interactive systems, each of which uses a tangible means of representation and manipulation of musical elements in musical composition. Data gathered through collaborative prototyping and user studies is analysed using grounded theory methods. The resultant contribution to knowledge includes theory, design criteria and guidelines specific to tangible representations of music. This knowledge will be useful for future design of systems that use tangible representations, particularly for making music. The prototypes themselves also serve as a form of knowledge and as creative works. © 2013 IEEE.

Best, G, Moghadam, P, Kottege, N & Kleeman, L 1970, 'Terrain classification using a hexapod robot', Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA.
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The effectiveness of a legged robot's gait is highly dependent on the ground cover of the terrain the robot is traversing. It is therefore advantageous for a legged robot to adapt its behaviour to suit the environment. In order to achieve this, the robot must be able to detect and classify the type of ground cover it is traversing. We present a novel approach for ground cover classification that utilises position measurements of the leg servos to estimate the errors between commanded and actual positions of each joint. This approach gives direct insight into how the robot is interacting with the terrain. These position sensors are usually built into the actuators and therefore our approach has the advantage of not requiring any additional sensors. We employ a multi-class Support Vector Machine with a 660-dimensional feature space consisting of features in gait-phase and frequency domains. We implemented our algorithm in the Robot Operating System (ROS) framework for real time classification and also developed a MATLAB implementation for extensive offline testing. Both implementations perform multi-class ground cover classification with high accuracy across five classes.

Bhattacharya, S, Saha, T & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Fault current contribution from photovoltaic systems in residential power networks', 2013 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), 2013 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Hobart, AUSTRALIA.
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Biming Tian, Merrick, K, Shui Yu & Jiankun Hu 1970, 'A hierarchical pea-based anomaly detection model', 2013 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), 2013 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC 2013), IEEE, pp. 621-625.
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A hierarchical intrusion detection model is proposed to detect both anomaly and misuse attacks. In order to further speed up the training and testing, PeA-based feature extraction algorithm is used to reduce the dimensionality of the data. A PeA-based algorithm is used to filter normal data out in the upper level. The experiment results show that peA can reduce noise in the original data set and the PeA-based algorithm can reach the desirable performance. © 2013 IEEE.

Biswas, J, Ren Ping Liu, Wei Ni, Collings, IB & Jha, SK 1970, 'Joint channel and delay aware user scheduling for multiuser MIMO system over LTE-A network', 2013 IEEE/ACM 21st International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS), 2013 IEEE/ACM 21st International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS), IEEE, Montreal, QC, Canada, pp. 129-136.
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Existing mobile video applications are continuously driving up the demand for throughput and better quality of service (QoS) for future Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) networks. Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MU-MIMO) is one of the most promising technologies that would meet the throughput demand. Unfortunately, existing MU-MIMO schemes do not consider metrics such as delay, and therefore, cannot meet the QoS requirement of delay sensitive applications, such as mobile video. We propose a new cross-layer MU-MIMO scheduling algorithm, which is referred to as joint channel and delay aware user scheduling (CDAUS), satisfies both the throughput and delay requirements. The key idea of the CDAUS algorithm is to select users to form MU-MIMO based on the delay requirements of individual users, as well as their channel correlations. The priority of the users is carefully designed to leverage their delay and throughput. Simulation results show that the proposed CDAUS algorithm is able to reduce the average delay by up to 30% with a marginal 2% sacrifice of throughput, compared to previous work. It also reduces delay variations and improves fairness among the users. © 2013 IEEE.

Bladen, CL, Teramura, S, Russell, SL, Fujiwara, K, Fisher, J, Ingham, E, Tomita, N & Tipper, JL 1970, 'Analysis of wear, wear particles, and reduced inflammatory potential of vitamin E ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene for use in total joint replacement', Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, Wiley, pp. 458-466.
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AbstractVitamin E (VE) has been added to ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular cups and tibial trays primarily to reduce oxidative damage to the polymer. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative wear rates of UHMWPE‐containing VE compared with virgin UHMWPE. The ability of VE to reduce the amount of inflammatory cytokines produced from stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) was also investigated. Stimulation was achieved by exposure of PBMNCs to either lipoplysaccharide (LPS) or VE‐containing UHMWPE (VE‐UHMWPE). In the present study, results showed that the wear rates of UHMWPE with or without VE were not significantly different. Particles generated by UHMWPE with and without VE were not significantly different in size distribution. The production of osteolytic mediators, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukin 1β (IL‐β), IL‐6, and IL‐8 were significantly reduced in (PBMNCs) stimulated with either LPS + VE compared with LPS or VE‐UHMWPE particles compared to virgin UHMWPE particles. This trend was also observed when VE was added as a liquid to UHMWPE wear particle‐stimulated PBMNCs. The exact mechanism of how VE affects the release of inflammatory mediators from particle‐stimulated macrophages is not yet understood. It is likely to involve the anti‐inflammatory and/or antioxidant effects of VE. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 101B: 458–466, 2013.

Bladen, CL, Tzu‐Yin, L, Fisher, J & Tipper, JL 1970, 'In vitro analysis of the cytotoxic and anti‐inflammatory effects of antioxidant compounds used as additives in ultra high‐molecular weight polyethylene in total joint replacement components', Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, Wiley, pp. 407-413.
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AbstractUltra high‐molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) remains the most commonly used material in modern joint replacement prostheses. However, UHMWPE wear particles, formed as the bearing articulates, are one of the main factors leading to joint replacement failure via the induction of osteolysis and subsequent aseptic loosening. Previous studies have shown that the addition of antioxidants such as vitamin E to UHMWPE can improve wear resistance of the polymer and reduce oxidative fatigue. However, little is known regarding the biological consequences of such antioxidant chemicals. This study investigated the cytotoxic and anti‐inflammatory effects of a variety of antioxidant compounds currently being tested experimentally for use in hip and knee prostheses, including nitroxides, hindered phenols, and lanthanides on U937 human histocyte cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) in vitro. After addition of the compounds, cell viability was determined by dose response cytotoxicity studies. Anti‐inflammatory effects were determined by quantitation of TNF‐α release in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated cells. This study has shown that many of these compounds were cytotoxic to U937 cells and PBMNCs, at relatively low concentrations (micromolar), specifically the hindered phenol 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyhydrocinnamate (HPAO1), and the nitroxide 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine 1‐oxyl (TEMPO). Lanthanides were only cytotoxic at very high concentrations and were well tolerated by the cells at lower concentrations. Cytotoxic compounds also showed reduced anti‐inflammatory effects, particularly in PBMNCs. Careful consideration should therefore be given to the use of any of these compounds as potential additives to UHMWPE. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 101B: 407–413, 2013.

Bojovschi, A, Shariati, N, Ghorbani, K & IEEE 1970, 'Analysis of a carbon fibre reinforced polymer slotted waveguide array fed by a loop type end launcher', 2013 ASIA-PACIFIC MICROWAVE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS (APMC 2013), Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, IEEE, Seoul, South Korea, pp. 476-478.
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The investigations of an end-launcher transition in Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) WR90 waveguides is presented. The applicability of the feed for CFRP slotted waveguide antenna is addressed. Some of the aspects pertaining to the efficiency of CFRP slotted waveguide antenna and its use for radar applications are discussed. The results are presented in comparison with those obtained from the same concepts implemented in aluminium waveguides. A recently implemented anisotropic model for CFRP laminates, which describes the electrical anisotropy of the composite material, was used. The data obtained provide promising indicators for the potential use of slotted waveguide antennas made of CFRP for radar applications. © 2013 IEEE.

Bommes, D, Lévy, B, Pietroni, N, Puppo, E, Silva, CT, Tarini, M & Zorin, D 1970, 'Quad-Mesh Generation and Processing: A Survey.', Comput. Graph. Forum, WILEY, pp. 51-76.
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Triangle meshes have been nearly ubiquitous in computer graphics, and a large body of data structures and geometry processing algorithms based on them has been developed in the literature. At the same time, quadrilateral meshes, especially semi-regular ones, have advantages for many applications, and significant progress was made in quadrilateral mesh generation and processing during the last several years. In this survey we discuss the advantages and problems of techniques operating on quadrilateral meshes, including surface analysis and mesh quality, simplification, adaptive refinement, alignment with features, parametrisation and remeshing. Triangle meshes have been nearly ubiquitous in computer graphics, and a large body of data structures and geometry processing algorithms based on them has been developed in the literature. At the same time, quadrilateral meshes, especially semi-regular ones, have advantages for many applications, and significant progress was made in quadrilateral mesh generation and processing during the last several years. In this survey we discuss the advantages and problems of techniques operating on quadrilateral meshes, including surface analysis and mesh quality, simplification, adaptive refinement, alignment with features, parametrization, and remeshing. © 2013 The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Bressan, N, James, A & McGregor, C 1970, 'Integration of drug dosing data with physiological data streams using a cloud computing paradigm', 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, Osaka, JAPAN, pp. 4175-4178.
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Burton, GJ, Sheng, D & Romero, E 1970, 'State surface of wetting-drying cycles at the equilibrium stage', ADVANCES IN UNSATURATED SOILS, 1st Pan-American Conference on Unsaturated Soils, CRC Press, Los Andes Univ, Cartagena de Indias, COLOMBIA, pp. 449-454.
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Cai, G, Sheng, D, Sloan, S & Zhao, C 1970, 'Preliminary Study on Modeling Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Coupling Behavior of Unsaturated Soils Based on Hybrid Mixture Theory', Poromechanics V, Fifth Biot Conference on Poromechanics, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 1444-1453.
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Thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupling processes in unsaturated soils are very important in both theoretical and engineering applications. A coupled formulation based on hybrid mixture theory is derived to model the THM coupling behavior of unsaturated soils. The free-energy and dissipative functions for different phases are derived from the Taylor's series expansions. Constitutive relationships of the THM coupled behavior for unsaturated soils, which include deformation, entropy change, fluid flow, heat conduction, and dynamic compatibility conditions on the interfaces are then established. The number of field equations is shown to be equal to the number of unknown variables; thus, a closed problem is formed. In addition to the modification of the physical conservation equations with coupling effect terms, the constitutive equations, which consider the coupling of elastoplastic deformation of the soil skeleton, fluid flow, and heat transfer, are derived. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Cai, Y, Yang, Y, Hauptmann, AG & Wactlar, HD 1970, 'A cognitive assistive system for monitoring the use of home medical devices', Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Multimedia indexing and information retrieval for healthcare, MM '13: ACM Multimedia Conference, ACM, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 59-66.
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Despite the popularity of home medical devices, serious safety concerns have been raised, because the use-errors of home medical devices have linked to a large number of fatal hazards. To resolve the problem, we introduce a cognitive assistive system to automatically monitor the use of home medical devices. Being able to accurately recognize user operations is one of the most important functionalities of the proposed system. However, even though various action recognition algorithms have been proposed in recent years, it is still unknown whether they are adequate for recognizing operations in using home medical devices. Since the lack of the corresponding database is the main reason causing the situation, at the first part of this paper, we present a database specially designed for studying the use of home medical devices. Then, we evaluate the performance of the existing approaches on the proposed database. Although using state-of-art approaches which have demonstrated near perfect performance in recognizing certain general human actions, we observe significant performance drop when applying it to recognize device operations. We conclude that the tiny action involved in using devices is one of the most important reasons leading to the performance decrease. To accurately recognize tiny actions, it's critical to focus on where the target action happens, namely the region of interest(ROI) and have more elaborate action modeling based on the ROI. Therefore, in the second part of this paper, we introduce a simple but effective approach to estimating ROI for recognizing tiny actions. The key idea of this method is to analyze the correlation between an action and the sub-regions of a frame. The estimated ROI is then used as a filter for building more accurate action representations. Experimental results show significant performance improvements over the baseline methods by using the estimated ROI for action recognition. © 2013 ACM.

Can Wang, Zhong She & Longbing Cao 1970, 'Coupled clustering ensemble: Incorporating coupling relationships both between base clusterings and objects', 2013 IEEE 29th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE), 2013 29th IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE 2013), IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 374-385.
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Clustering ensemble is a powerful approach for improving the accuracy and stability of individual (base) clustering algorithms. Most of the existing clustering ensemble methods obtain the final solutions by assuming that base clusterings perform independently with one another and all objects are independent too. However, in real-world data sources, objects are more or less associated in terms of certain coupling relationships. Base clusterings trained on the source data are complementary to one another since each of them may only capture some specific rather than full picture of the data. In this paper, we discuss the problem of explicating the dependency between base clusterings and between objects in clustering ensembles, and propose a framework for coupled clustering ensembles (CCE). CCE not only considers but also integrates the coupling relationships between base clusterings and between objects. Specifically, we involve both the intra-coupling within one base clustering (i.e., cluster label frequency distribution) and the inter-coupling between different base clusterings (i.e., cluster label co-occurrence dependency). Furthermore, we engage both the intra-coupling between two objects in terms of the base clustering aggregation and the inter-coupling among other objects in terms of neighborhood relationship. This is the first work which explicitly addresses the dependency between base clusterings and between objects, verified by the application of such couplings in three types of consensus functions: clustering-based, object-based and cluster-based. Substantial experiments on synthetic and UCI data sets demonstrate that the CCE framework can effectively capture the interactions embedded in base clusterings and objects with higher clustering accuracy and stability compared to several state-of-the-art techniques, which is also supported by statistical analysis. © 2013 IEEE.

Cantoni, A, Zhang, J, Huang, X & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Impact of sampling rate on PSD of OFDM signal with SSOP sidelobe suppression', 2013 IEEE 14th Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC), 2013 IEEE 14th Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC 2013), IEEE, Darmstadt, Germany, pp. 629-633.
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We recently proposed an efficient 'sidelobe suppression with orthogonal projection' (SSOP) scheme for reduction of out-of-band emission of OFDM signals. The SSOP scheme uses a preceding matrix to generate zeros at prescribed frequencies in the sidelobe region and it is numerically observed that its suppression effect is affected by the sampling rate. In this paper, we analytically characterize this effect by considering analog and digital implementations of the SSOP scheme, which correspond to a zero sampling rate and an IFFT implementation with non-zero sampling rates, respectively. Both implementations are modeled and analytical expressions for the corresponding spectra are developed. It is shown that the analytical results match the simulation results very well and the suppression performance is generally proportional to the sampling rate. The analog SSOP-OFDM has true zeros at prescribed frequencies and thus results in significant reduction of out-of-band emissions. The digital implementation does not result in true zeros in the spectrum but nevertheless results in significant sidelobe reduction if the frequency resolution associated with the IFFT is sufficiently high. © 2013 IEEE.

Cao, W, Cao, L & Song, Y 1970, 'Coupled market behavior based financial crisis detection', The 2013 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2013 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2013 - Dallas), IEEE, Dallas, TX, USA, pp. 1-8.
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Financial crisis detection is a long-standing challenging issue with significant practical values and impact on economy, society and globalization. The challenge lies in many aspects, in particular, the nonlinear and dynamic characteristics associated with financial crisis. Most of existing methods rely on selecting individual indicators associated with one market indicator, and the linear assumption is often behind the models for prediction. In practice, a linear assumption may be too strong to be applicable to the real market dynamics. More importantly, instruments in different markets such as gold price and petrol price are often coupled. A financial crisis may significantly change the couplings between different market indicators. In addition, such couplings in cross-market interaction are likely nonlinear. In this paper, we present a new approach for financial crisis detection by catering for the often nonlinear couplings between major indicators selected from different markets, called coupled market behavior analysis, to detect different coupled market behaviors at crisis and non-crisis periods. A Coupled Hidden Markov Model (CHMM) is built to characterize the coupled market behaviors of equity, commodity and interest markets as case studies. The empirical results show the need of catering for nonlinear couplings between various markets and the proposed approach is much more effective in capturing the coupling and nonlinear relations associated with financial crisis compared with other traditionally used approaches, such as Signal, Logistic and ANN models.

Cao, W, Jiang, PY, Sauser, J & Deuse, J 1970, 'RFID-Driven Graphical Method for Describing the Time-Sensitive State and Position Changes of WIP Material Flows in a Job-Shop Floor', Applied Mechanics and Materials, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., pp. 97-102.
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The purpose of this work is to develop a graphical method for describing the work-in- progress (WIP) material flow of a workpiece in order to realize RFID-driven real-time data sampling and support following-up Auto-ID computing. Firstly, various processes in a job-shop floor are formalized graphically by using different types of state-blocks, which depend on RFID detecting spaces and tag detections. And then an event set is deduced from the connecting relations among state blocks and is used for creating the event-driven graphical model in the context of the WIP material flow of a workpiece. To verify the feasibility of the proposed method, a description case is given.

Cao, W, Wang, C & Cao, L 1970, 'Trading Strategy Based Portfolio Selection for Actionable Trading Agents', Agents and Data Mining Interaction - 8th International Workshop, ADMI 2012, International Workshop on Agents and Data Mining Interaction, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Valencia, Spain, pp. 191-202.
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Trading agents are very useful for supporting investors in making decisions in financial markets, but the existing trading agent research focuses on simulation on artificial data. This leads to limitations in its usefulness. As for investors, how trading agents help them manipulate their assets according to their risk appetite and thus obtain a higher return is a big issue. Portfolio optimization is an approach used by many researchers to resolve this issue, but the focus is mainly on developing more accurate mathematical estimation methods, and overlooks an important factor: trading strategy. Since the global financial crisis added uncertainty to financial markets, there is an increasing demand for trading agents to be more active in providing trading strategies that will better capture trading opportunities. In this paper, we propose a new approach, namely trading strategy based portfolio selection, by which trading agents combine assets and their corresponding trading strategies to construct new portfolios, following which, trading agents can help investors to obtain the optimal weights for their portfolios according to their risk appetite. We use historical data to test our approach, the results show that it can help investors make more profit according to their risk tolerance by selecting the best portfolio in real financial markets.

Cao, X, Wei, X, Han, Y, Yang, Y & Lin, D 1970, 'Robust tensor clustering with non-greedy maximization', IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Press, Beijing China, pp. 1254-1259.
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Tensors are increasingly common in several areas such as data mining, computer graphics, and computer vision. Tensor clustering is a fundamental tool for data analysis and pattern discovery. However, there usually exist outlying data points in realworld datasets, which will reduce the performance of clustering. This motivates us to develop a tensor clustering algorithm that is robust to the outliers. In this paper, we propose an algorithm of Robust Tensor Clustering (RTC). The RTC firstly finds a lower rank approximation of the original tensor data using a L1 norm optimization function. Because the L1 norm doesn't exaggerate the effect of outliers compared with L2 norm, the minimization of the L1 norm approximation function makes RTC robust to outliers. Then we compute the HOSVD decomposition of this approximate tensor to obtain the final clustering results. Different from the traditional algorithm solving the approximation function with a greedy strategy, we utilize a non-greedy strategy to obtain a better solution. Experiments demonstrate that RTC has better performance than the state-ofthe- art algorithms and is more robust to outliers.

Carmichael, MG & Dikai Liu 1970, 'Admittance control scheme for implementing model-based assistance-as-needed on a robot', 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, Osaka, Japan, pp. 870-873.
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A model-based assistance-as-needed paradigm has been developed to govern the assistance provided by an assistive robot to its operator. This paradigm has advantages over existing methods of providing assistance-as-needed for applications such as robotic rehabilitation. However, implementation of the model-based paradigm requires a control scheme to be developed which controls the robot so as to provide the assistance calculated by the model-based paradigm to its operator. In this paper an admittance control scheme for providing model-based assistance-as-needed is presented. It is developed considering its suitability for human-robot interaction, and its role within the model-based assistance-as-needed framework. Results from the control implemented on an example robot showed it is capable of providing the operator with the desired level of assistance as governed by the model-based paradigm. This is an essential requirement for the paradigm to be capable of providing efficacious assistance-as-needed in applications such as robotic rehabilitation. © 2013 IEEE.

Carmichael, MG & Dikai Liu 1970, 'Experimental evaluation of a model-based assistance-as-needed paradigm using an assistive robot', 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, Osaka, Japan, pp. 866-869.
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In robotic rehabilitation a promising paradigm is assistance-as-needed. This is because it promotes patient active participation which is essential for neuro-rehabilitation. A model-based assistance-as-needed paradigm has been developed which utilizes a musculoskeletal model representing the subject to calculate their assistance needs. In this paper we experimentally evaluate this model-based paradigm to control an assistive robot and provide a subject with assistance-as-needed at the muscular level. A subject with impairments defined in specific muscle groups performs a number of upper limb tasks, whilst receiving assistance from a robotic exoskeleton. The paradigm is evaluated on its ability to provide assistance only as the subject needs, depending on the tasks being performed and the impairments defined. Results show that the model-based assistance-as-needed paradigm was relatively successful in providing assistance when it was needed. © 2013 IEEE.

Carstens, H, Xia, X, Zhang, J & Ye, X 1970, 'Characterising Compact Fluorescent Lamp population decay', 2013 Africon, AFRICON 2013, IEEE, IEEE Reg 8, Pointe aux Piments, MAURITIUS, pp. 127-131.
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Castel, A, Gilbert, RI & Ranzi, G 1970, 'Overall Stiffness Reduction of Cracked Reinforced Concrete Beams Due to Long Term Effects', Mechanics and Physics of Creep, Shrinkage, and Durability of Concrete, Ninth International Conference on Creep, Shrinkage, and Durability Mechanics (CONCREEP-9), American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 443-450.
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The aim of the research described in this paper is to assess the deformation of cracked reinforced concrete beams under both short- and long-term service loading. Beams are subjected to short-time bending tests, including loading cycles with different peak values leading to concrete cracking (pre-cracking tests) and long-term tests under sustained loading. Long-term deflection appears to be much more important than the deflection due to short-term loading and leads to important permanent deformation after unloading. After 6 months under sustained loading, the overall instantaneous stiffness of all beams was substantially reduced. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Chaczko, Z & Braun, R 1970, 'Teaching and learning perspective on system development in large teams', 2013 12th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), 2013 12th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), IEEE, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 1-7.
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This paper covers aims and objectives, the approaches, shared experiences and issues faced in teaching and learning of the ICT Analysis and ICT Design pair of subjects within the core block of ICT Engineering courses at the Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS) in Australia. Both practice based subjects, synthesize into a coherent whole, teaching and learning components of all subjects in the ICT Engineering curriculum. One of the main goals of the ICTA and ICTD pair is to close the gap between the students' individualistic tendencies, unplanned and unbudgeted efforts, as well as uncoordinated actions that often characterize teaching and learning approaches to engineering subjects. Additionally, modern industry expects from engineering graduates both leadership skills and team based skills in the development of complex systems. This includes the ability to work in well-planned, process driven, budgeted and coordinated environment. Fundamentally, the course's subjects are adaptive and evolutionary; however, the key challenge is to keep a fine balance between academic concerns and fast changing

Chaczko, Z, Braun, R & Jizan, A 1970, 'A virtual stock exchange simulator for education and training', 2013 12th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), 2013 12th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), IEEE, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 1-6.
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The use of an open-source, virtual stock exchange simulators can be seen as a viable alternative for various learners to train trading practice without risking loses of real funds. At present, there is a shortage of suitable tools that could allow entry level users to engage in a real market trading after gaining a certain degree of confidence from practicing in a both very practical and safe environment. Topics covered in this paper, include shared experiences, challenges as well as common issues related to the design and development of a StockET simulation tool for training and education. The developed open source simulation tool is a robust and highly usable solution that can be used for multiple purposes.

Chaczko, Z, Kirkpatrick, S & Braun, R 1970, 'A web-based solution to collect, manage and analyse Auditory Brainstem Response data', 2013 12th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), 2013 12th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), IEEE, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 1-4.
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Auditory neuroscience often involves the collection of experiment data from test subjects in the form of non-invasive Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABR). These ABRs are most often used to gauge a subjects hearing threshold. Although rarely; they can be analysed further. Research into ABRs has shown that the presence of brain damage or tumours may be detectable. This can be achieved if large amounts of ABRs are collected and compared. However many laboratories around the world do not keep the data as it is difficult to store and analyse, and sometimes only used for threshold analysis. This results in a huge amount of wasted data and opportunity. The goal of this project was to develop and build a web-based system to collect, manage and analyse ABR data for hearing research. The project was run as an iterative process based on the eXtreme-Programming (XP) methodology. It involved very close contact with the client laboratory. Onsite weekly meetings, demonstrations and experiments were attended to help understand the problem domain. A continuous analysis, design and integration cycle coupled with automated testing and deployment was used throughout the project. Where possible all key aspects of XP development were adhered to and the project managed in this fashion. The final OpenABR system was deployed to a cloud server and is being used by the client laboratory. It has several unique features that no other system of its type possesses. Its dynamic database interface allows scientists the flexibility and reliability they cannot get from standard databases. Future work would focus on expanding the dynamic database interface, integrating more analysis including heuristics and trying to include new data types such as imaging results. © 2013 IEEE.

Chai, R, Ling, SH, Hunter, GP, Tran, Y, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Classification of Wheelchair Commands using Brain Computer Interface: Comparison between Able-Bodied Persons and Patients with Tetraplegia', 2013 35TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Osaka, Japan, pp. 989-992.
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This paper presents a three-class mental task classification for an electroencephalography based brain computer interface. Experiments were conducted with patients with tetraplegia and able bodied controls. In addition, comparisons with different time-windows of data were examined to find the time window with the highest classification accuracy. The three mental tasks used were letter composing, arithmetic and imagery of a Rubiks cube rolling forward; these tasks were associated with three wheelchair commands: left, right and forward, respectively. An eyes closed task was also recorded for the algorithms testing and used as an additional on/off command. The features extraction method was based on the spectrum from a Hilbert-Huang transform and the classification algorithm was based on an artificial neural network with a fuzzy particle swarm optimization with cross-mutated operation. The results show a strong eyes closed detection for both groups with average accuracy at above 90%. The overall result for the combined groups shows an improved average accuracy of 70.6% at 1s, 74.8% at 2s, 77.8% at 3s, 79.6% at 4s and 81.4% at 5s. The accuracy for individual groups were lower for patients with tetraplegia compared to the able-bodied group, however, does improve with increased duration of the time-window.

Chaiwongsai, J, Chiracharit, W, Chamnongthai, K, Miyanaga, Y & Higuchi, K 1970, 'Tone model enhancement for low complexity tone recognition', 2013 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST), 2013 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST), IEEE.
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Chan, KY, Ramer, R & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Switchable waveguide iris filter using planar dipoles', 2013 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (MTT), 2013 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - MTT 2013, IEEE, Seattle, WA, USA.
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A new concept of switching on and off high Q-factor bandpass filters is presented. Cheap, planar, low Q-factor circuits are proposed to disable 3D filters Reconfigurable dipoles are used to disable resonance and turn the filter off, rather than adjusting the resonance frequency or coupling. Here wire bonded dipoles on quartz substrates inside the waveguide structure are used for switching the bandpass filters. 3-pole bandpass filters are proposed for concept demonstration The dipoles are inserted in each cavity of the iris waveguide filter. Central frequency is 24GHz and bandwidth 500MHz. Simulation results show good performance. The fabricated filter shows good correlation between the measured and simulated performance. The bandpass response is completely off, when the dipoles are "switched on"/connected with bondwires, confirming the introduced concept. The insertion loss is expected to be significantly reduced by choosing a superior fabrication method of the waveguide. © 2013 IEEE.

Chan, KYE, Ramer, R & Guo, YJ 1970, 'RF MEMS millimeter-wave switchable bandpass filter', 2013 IEEE International Wireless Symposium (IWS), 2013 IEEE International Wireless Symposium (IWS), IEEE, Dresden, Germany.
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A switchable bandpass filter that can operate between 60 GHz and E-band spectrum, capable of providing good channel isolation is presented. A RF MEMS SPDT is designed for the switching element between the two bands. Back-to-back cantilever switches are used for maximum isolation. New circuit models for the inductively coupled inverters and short circuit stubs are proposed. Measurement results show good correlation to our simulations. Better than 15 dB return loss and 5 dB insertion loss in both 60 GHz and Eband are measured. With the introduction of transmission zero, rejection between the two operational bands is better than 20 dB. © 2013 IEEE.

Chan, MY, Frost, SA, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 1970, 'BODYMASS INDEX AND FRACTURE RISK: A BONE MINERAL DENSITY-DRIVEN ASSOCIATION', OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL, IOF Regionals - 4th Asia-Pacific Osteoporosis Meeting, SPRINGER LONDON LTD, PEOPLES R CHINA, Hong Kong, pp. S532-S533.

Chandran, D 1970, 'E-learning in developing countries: A case study', Creating Global Competitive Economies: 2020 Vision Planning and Implementation - Proceedings of the 22nd International Business Information Management Association Conference, IBIMA 2013, International Business Information Management, International Business Information Management Association, Rome, Italy, pp. 341-347.
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Education is to be affordable and reachable to the learners at an affordable cost. An E-learning platform based on open standards with minimum initial cost of investment, will be able to educate people to achieve knowledge based economy. The current E-learning platforms require high initial cost on the infrastructure and software applications. Adoption of cloud computing can help the educational institutions in developing countries to reduce expenditure on infrastructure, software and human resources to a considerable extent. The author focuses on the higher education programs in India and suggests a framework for access along with equity and excellence. The paper also discusses the advantages of adopting cloud computing for educational institutions and suggests how institutions could migrate to the cloud.

Chang, L, Yu, JX, Qin, L, Lin, X, Liu, C & Liang, W 1970, 'Efficiently computing k-edge connected components via graph decomposition.', SIGMOD Conference, ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data Conference, ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 205-216.
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Efficiently computing k-edge connected components in a large graph, G = (V, E), where V is the vertex set and E is the edge set, is a long standing research problem. It is not only fundamental in graph analysis but also crucial in graph search optimization algorithms. Consider existing techniques for computing k-edge connected components are quite time consuming and are unlikely to be scalable for large scale graphs, in this paper we firstly propose a novel graph decomposition paradigm to iteratively decompose a graph G for computing its k-edge connected components such that the number of drilling-down iterations h is bounded by the 'depth' of the k-edge connected components nested together to form G, where h usually is a small integer in practice. Secondly, we devise a novel, efficient threshold-based graph decomposition algorithm, with time complexity O(l × |E|), to decompose a graph G at each iteration, where l usually is a small integer with l ≪ |V|. As a result, our algorithm for computing k-edge connected components significantly improves the time complexity of an existing state-of-the-art technique from O(|V|2|E| + |V|3log|V|) to O(h×l× |E|). Finally, we conduct extensive performance studies on large real and synthetic graphs. The performance studies demonstrate that our techniques significantly outperform the state-of-the-art solution by several orders of magnitude. Copyright © 2013 ACM.

Changliang Zheng, Dutkiewicz, E, Ren Ping Liu, Vesilo, R & Zheng Zhou 1970, 'Efficient data transmission with random linear coding in multi-channel cognitive radio networks', 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 77-82.
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Efficient data transmission in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) is critical for cognitive radio (CR) users to communicate with each other in an opportunistic manner. Even with successful access to required channels, the transmission could still suffer from failures due to channel fading. In this paper, we propose a random linear coded scheme for efficient data transmission in multi-channel CRNs under practical fading channel conditions. We develop theoretical analysis and derive general form solutions for the batch delay associated with the proposed scheme. We also use our theoretical model to analyze the performances of two multi-channel automatic repeat request (ARQ) based schemes. Simulation results validate the analysis and show that the coded scheme outperforms the ARQ based schemes in terms of batch transmission delay. Additionally, the coded scheme is less dependent on feedback channels than the other schemes. © 2013 IEEE.

Che, E & Tuan, HD 1970, 'Interference mitigation by jointly splitting rates and beamforming for multi-cell multi-user networks', 2013 13th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2013 13th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Surat Thani, Thailand, pp. 41-45.
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The paper considers the joint design for splitting bit rates in private and common message transmissions and coordinated beamforming in a multi-cell multi-user multiple input single output (MISO) system. Namely, the users are purposely paired to decode the common messages to subtract interferences. Both the private messages and common messages are further beamformed before the transmission to maximize the worst user's rate performance of the overall system. The common messages and private messages are decoded in sequence. Obviously, users pairing optimization alone already is a nontrivial combinatorics, while beamforming private and common messages also pose a difficult nonconvex optimization problem. Their jointly optimal design is thus a hard mixed combinatoric optimization problem. Nevertheless, we show that this joint design can be successfully addressed by means of d.c (difference of convex functions) optimization. Numerical simulation shows the advantage of our approach over the previous one. © 2013 IEEE.

Che, E & Tuan, HD 1970, 'Optimized coordinated precoding in multicell MIMO wireless systems', 2013 13th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2013 13th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Surat Thani, Thailand, pp. 188-191.
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This paper is concerned with downlink transmissions in coordinated multiple-input multi-output (MIMO) multicell wireless networks. The design of the transmit precoding matrices in this paper aims at the maximin optimization of user rates subject to realistic power constraints at the transmitters. This problem is a nonconvex objective function subject to convex constraints with respect to high-dimensional matrix variables. Up to date, a closed-form solution has not been properly proposed. Nevertheless, we show the objective functions can be analytically represented by d.c. (difference of two convex) functions. A simple but very efficient d.c. iterative algorithm (DCI) with guaranteed convergence is shown to locate the approximately optimal matrix solutions with the help of only a few converging semi-definite programs (SDP). © 2013 IEEE.

Cheema, MA, Lin, X, Zhang, W & Zhang, Y 1970, 'A safe zone based approach for monitoring moving skyline queries', Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Extending Database Technology, EDBT/ICDT '13: Joint 2013 EDBT/ICDT Conferences, ACM, Genoa, Italy, pp. 275-286.
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Given a set of criterions, an object o dominates another object ó if o is more preferable than ó according to every criterion. A skyline query returns every object that is not dominated by any other object. In this paper, we study the problem of continuously monitoring a moving skyline query where one of the criterions is the distance between the objects and the moving query. We propose a safe zone based approach to address the challenge of efficiently updating the results as the query moves. A safe zone is the area such that the results of a query remain unchanged as long as the query lies inside this area. Hence, the results are required to be updated only when the query leaves its safe zone. Although the main focus of this paper is to present the techniques for Euclidean distance metric, the proposed techniques are applicable to any metric distance (e.g., Manhattan distance, road network distance). We present several non-trivial optimizations and propose an efficient algorithm for safe zone construction. Our experiments demonstrate that the cost of our safe zone based approach is reasonably close to a lower bound cost and is three orders of magnitude lower than the cost of a naïve algorithm. © 2013 ACM.

Chen, H, Zhang, G, Lu, J & IEEE 1970, 'A Time-series-based Technology Intelligence Framework by Trend Prediction Functionality', 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS (SMC 2013), IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE, Manchester, UK, pp. 3477-3482.
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Technology Intelligence (TI) indicates the concept and applications that transform data hidden in patents or scientific literature into technical insight for technology development planning and strategies formulation. Although much effort has been put into technology trend analysis in existing research, the majority of the results are still obtained from expert opinions on the basis of historical trends presented by content-based Technology Intelligence tools. To improve this situation, this paper proposes a time-series-based framework for TI that enables the system to be more effective when dealing with trend prediction requirements. Time-series analysis module is first applied in TI framework to process patent time series for technology trend predictions in a real sense, at the same time overcome the problem that prediction of future data points' values is insufficient to support TI construction. Based on explicit patent attributes and unknown patterns learned from the historical data, the framework combines the "trend" and "content" knowledge by analyzing both time-related property and semantic attributes of patent data, to support technology development planning more efficiently and satisfactorily. A case study is presented to demonstrate the validity of trend prediction functionality, which is the emphasis of the whole framework

Chen, J, Cao, J, Abawajy, J, Mauri, JL, Bennamoun, M, Goscinski, A, Blumenstein, M, Wei, D & Yang, LT 1970, 'Message from CIT2013 Chairs', 2013 IEEE 16th International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, 2013 IEEE 16th International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE), IEEE, p. 23.
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Chen, JY, Ummin, O, Yu, T & Qi, YJ 1970, 'Applications of Rayleigh Wave Detection Technique and Polymer Grouting Technology in Waterproof Construction', Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2nd International Conference on Civil, Architectural and Hydraulic Engineering (ICCAHE 2013), Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Zhuhai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 748-754.
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The underground water seepage is always the key and difficult point in waterproof engineering. Aiming at the characteristics of underground engineering waterproof, this paper describes how to make use of Rayleigh wave detection technology to detect leakage in underground works, and find disease location through the analysis of the dispersion curve, and then combine Rayleigh wave detection technology with polymer grouting technique grouting on the disengaging position, to achieve the effect of waterproof plugging. Research results show that through combining Rayleigh wave detection technique and the combination of polymer grouting technology, it is quicker and more convenient to manage underground leakage defects, which satisfies the project need and has wide application value and social benefits.

Chen, L & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Adaptive Data Replicas Management Based on Active Data-centric Framework in Cloud Environment', 2013 IEEE 10th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications & 2013 IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, 2013 IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) & 2013 IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC), IEEE, Zhangjiajie, China.
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Cloud data protection is increasingly attracting researchers attention. Cryptographic-based schemes, trust third party technologies, policy-driven frameworks, and data-policy binding mechanisms have been proposed to address data security and privacy issues from many aspects of data protection requirement. However, due to the inevitability of bugs, crashes, operator errors, hardware failure, or server misconfiguration, data availability and reliability might be still compromised. To avoid data loss and access failure when the unpredictable incidents occur, data replication technology is essential to guarantee the availability and reliability. This paper introduces the adaptive data replicas management based on the novel data structure created by the active data-centric framework in the cloud scenario. The simulated result shows the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed adaptive data replicas scheme.

Chen, L, Hoang, DB & IEEE 1970, 'Addressing data and user mobility challenges in the cloud', 2013 IEEE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLOUD COMPUTING (CLOUD 2013), IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing, IEEE, Santa Clara, CA, pp. 549-556.
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Recently cloud computing has been increasingly gaining attention and spreading in various industries. This novel paradigm also has received significant research focus on the data security and privacy issues due to its outsourced nature. However, few of the research efforts have been focused on data mobility issues which existed intrinsically in highly complex and dynamic cloud services. To address this challenge, this paper discusses full mobility management of cloud data from two aspects: data mobility management and user mobility management. The work is based on our previously proposed active data-centric framework. Taking advantage of this framework, the active data can establish an active binding relationship with its user. Any data mobility-related behavior could inform to its bundled user instantly and safely. The paper also discusses user mobility management via the self-adaptable heterogeneous network handoff mechanism to ensure the ubiquitous informing service in the mobile cloud environment. The experimental outcomes demonstrate the feasibility, proactivity, and efficiency by the full mobility management scheme.

Chen, M-Y, Hauptmann, A, Bharucha, A, Wactlar, H & Yang, Y 1970, 'Human Activity Analysis for Geriatric Care in Nursing Homes', The Era of Interactive Media, Pacific-Rim Conference on Multimedia, Springer New York, Sydney, Australia, pp. 53-61.
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© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. All rights reserved. As our society is increasingly aging, it is urgent to develop computer aided techniques to improve the quality-of-care (QoC) and quality-of-life (QoL) of geriatric patients. In this paper, we focus on automatic human activities analysis in video surveillance recorded in complicated environments at a nursing home. This will enable the automatic exploration of the statistical patterns between patients' daily activities and their clinical diagnosis. We also discuss potential future research directions in this area. Experiment demonstrate the proposed approach is effective for human activity analysis.

Chen, XY, Jin, JX, Zhou, X, Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Xin, Y, Zhang, JY & Xu, W 1970, 'Design and experiment of a bridge-type chopper for low-voltage SMES application', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Biejing, China, pp. 1-2.
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A new bridge-type chopper topology using MOSFETs is proposed and studied for superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) applications for use in low-voltage end-user sides. Both the bridge-type and conventional choppers are theoretically analyzed and experimentally compared. The dynamic energy exchange characteristics of SMES for solving the voltage swell and voltage sag problems are presented. The results obtained demonstrate that the bridge-type chopper has higher energy utilization efficiency than the conventional one.

Cheng, P, Chen, Z, Qiu, C, Gui, L, Guo, YJ & Rui, Y 1970, 'Stream Maximization Transmission for MIMO Systems with Limited Feedback Unitary Precoding', 2013 IEEE 77th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2013 IEEE 77th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), IEEE.
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Limited feedback precoding (LFP) significantly improves multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) spatial multiplexing link reliability with a small amount of feedback from the receiver back to the transmitter. One of the key problems linked to LFP is how to select an optimal precoder from a predetermined unitary codebook. We find that the conventional precoder selection criteria are not applicable to the stream maximization transmission (SMT) mode with linear receivers, including zero forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) decoders. To solve this issue, a novel singular value decomposition (SVD) based precoder selection criterion is proposed in this paper. This criterion features a unified structure for all the linear receivers such as ZF and MMSE decoders, and is shown by simulation to provide significant coding gains in various SMT systems. With the same complexity as the conventional one, the proposed criterion could find its applications in next generation systems employing SMT spatial multiplexing, significantly improving system performance with affordable feedback requirement. © 2013 IEEE.

Cheng, X, Miao, D, Wang, C & Cao, L 1970, 'Coupled term-term relation analysis for document clustering', The 2013 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2013 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2013 - Dallas), IEEE, Dallas, TX, USA, pp. 1-8.
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Traditional document clustering approaches are usually based on the Bag of Words model, which is limited by its assumption of the independence among terms. Recent strategies have been proposed to capture the relation between terms based on statistical analysis, and they estimate the relation between terms purely by their co-occurrence across the documents. However, the implicit interactions with other link terms are overlooked, which leads to the discovery of incomplete information. This paper proposes a coupled term-term relation model for document representation, which considers both the intra-relation (i.e. co-occurrence of terms) and inter-relation (i.e. dependency of terms via link terms) between a pair of terms. The coupled relation for each pair of terms is further used to map a document onto a new feature space, which includes more semantic information. Substantial experiments verify that the document clustering incorporated with our proposed relation achieves a significant performance improvement compared to the state-of-the-art techniques. © 2013 IEEE.

Chye, YH, Dutkiewicz, E, Vesilo, R & Liu, RP 1970, 'A QoS-aware cross-layer scheduling scheme for multiuser mixed-traffic cognitive radio networks', 2013 13th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2013 13th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Surat Thani, Thailand, pp. 615-620.
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The emerging technology of cognitive radio (CR) allows secondary users (SUs) to gain access to radio spectrum which is licensed to but temporarily unoccupied by primary users (PUs). Apart from spectrum sensing, dynamic spectrum access (DSA) is an important processing task for CR networks (CRNs). Its aim is to allocate spectrum for SUs dynamically without causing any harm to PUs. CRNs may support different traffic types that may have different quality of service (QoS) requirements. In order to meet these QoS requirements, channel states, queue states and traffic types should be taken into account in designing DSA schemes. However, traffic types handled by SUs are treated equally in most existing DSA schemes. We propose a cross-layer scheduling scheme by incorporating DSA, packet scheduling and a channel sharing policy to achieve efficient QoS support for SUs with different traffic types. QoS performance of the proposed scheduling scheme is evaluated in terms of average throughput, average packet delay and packet dropping probability for SUs with different traffic types. Simulation results show that the proposed scheduling scheme outperforms the conventional scheduling scheme by providing more efficient QoS support for SUs and higher throughput fairness among SUs as the PU's activity factor increases. © 2013 IEEE.

Chye, YH, Dutkiewicz, E, Vesilo, R & Liu, RP 1970, 'QoS-aware cross-layer scheduling for cognitive radio networks with heterogeneous data traffic', 2013 Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ATNAC), 2013 Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ATNAC), IEEE, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 213-218.
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Cognitive radio (CR) has been an enabling technology for secondary users (SUs) to efficiently exploit radio spectrum underutilized by primary users (PUs). To avoid downgrading PUs' performance, dynamic spectrum access (DSA) plays an important role in CR networks (CRNs) for adaptively assigning spectrum to SUs. During spectrum handover to PUs, quality of service (QoS) of SUs may not be satisfied due to high competition among SUs with different traffic types. However, in most existing DSA schemes, traffic types handled by SUs are treated equally. To achieve QoS satisfaction for SUs with heterogeneous traffic, this paper proposes a new cross-layer scheduling that jointly considers DSA, packet scheduling and a channel sharing policy. QoS performance of the cross-layer scheduling is measured in terms of average throughput, average packet delay and dropping probability for SUs with different traffic types. QoS support for SUs provided by the proposed scheduling scheme incorporating the channel sharing policy is shown to be more efficient and balanced compared to existing scheduling schemes. © 2013 IEEE.

Clemon, L, Sudradjat, A, Jaquez, M, Krishna, A, Rammah, M & Dornfeld, D 1970, 'Precision and Energy Usage for Additive Manufacturing', Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing, ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, San Diego, CA.
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Market pressures on manufacturing enterprises incentivize minimum resource consumption while maintaining part quality. Facilities with advanced manufacturing tools often utilize rapid prototyping for production of complicated or specialty parts. Additive manufacturing offers an alternative to traditional production methods which are often time and resource expensive. This study aims to explore part quality and energy usage for additive manufacturing through a focused study of Fused Deposition Modeling and Photopolymer Jetting technologies. A control part is developed for maintaining test consistency across different machines. The control part design consists of various positive and negative features including width varied slots and walls, ramps, and curved features so that the manufacturing of different surfaces may be investigated. Several different machine models are tested to evaluate precision for a variety of applications. Part quality is quantified by measuring the surface roughness in two directions for the control test part printed on each machine. Qualitatively, part quality is assessed by positive and negative feature resolution. High quality machines resolve features closely to design specifications. Lower quality machines do not resolve some features. In addition to exploring the effects of advertised print precision, layup density is varied on two machines. Advertised print resolution does not well represent the achievable feature sizes found in this study. Energy usage is quantified by measuring electricity demands while printing the control part on each of the five different machines. Power consumption in additive manufacturing is found to follow a distinct pattern comprised of standby, warm up, printing and idle phases. Measurement and analysis suggest a relationship between the precision of these machines and their respective energy demand. Part quality is found to generally improve with increased initial and process resource in...

Conneely, M, McGloin, D, Robertson, P, Irwin McLean, WH & Campbell, P 1970, 'A nano-mechanical study on the influence of ultrasound exposure on cellular elasticity', 2013 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2013 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), IEEE, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC, pp. 390-392.
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Conroy, D, Wyeth, P & Johnson, D 1970, 'Understanding player threat responses in FPS games', Proceedings of The 9th Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment: Matters of Life and Death, IE'2013: The 9th Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment -, ACM.
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Conway, D, Dick, I, Li, Z, Wang, Y & Chen, F 1970, 'The Effect of Stress on Cognitive Load Measurement', HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION - INTERACT 2013, PT IV, 14th IFIP TC 13 INTERACT International Conference on Designing for Diversity, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA, pp. 659-666.
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Cook, AJ, Redmond, SJ, Gargiulo, GD & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'Techniques for measuring energy expenditure with portable devices', IEEE 2013 Tencon - Spring, 2013 IEEE TENCON Spring Conference, IEEE, IEEE New S Wales Sect, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 39-42.
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Coorey, BP & Jupp, JR 1970, 'A SCHEMA FOR CAPTURING AND COMPARING PARAMETRIC SPATIAL DATA', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN RESEARCH IN ASIA (CAADRIA 2013), Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA) annual conference, CAADRIA and Centre for Advanced Studies in Architecture (CASA), Dept of Architecture, NUS, National University of Singapore, Singapore, pp. 509-518.
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In this paper, the authors consider the problem of architectural spatial performance indicators for assessing computer generated design, where identification and analysis of meaningful and relevant spatial qualities is the target of assessment. The paper presents a parametric spatial analysis schema and spatial database structure for the restricted, but still significant, domain of residential housing. A process for the capture and comparison of different types of architectural spatial data is described where analysis focuses on a series of 2D metric and topological spatial measures. The process is then demonstrated in our discussion of a descriptive scenario.

Cuzzocrea, A, Moussa, R & Xu, G 1970, 'OLAP*: Effectively and Efficiently Supporting Parallel OLAP over Big Data', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, International Conference on Model and Data Engineering, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Amantea, Italy, pp. 38-49.
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In this paper, we investigate solutions relying on data partitioning schemes for parallel building of OLAP data cubes, suitable to novel Big Data environments, and we propose the framework OLAP*, along with the associated benchmark TPC-H*d, a suitable transformation of the well-known data warehouse benchmark TPC-H. We demonstrate through performance measurements the efficiency of the proposed framework, developed on top of the ROLAP server Mondrian

Da Rocha, CG, Kemmer, SL, Meneses, L & Formoso, CT 1970, 'Managing the information flow in customised apartment building projects', 21st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction 2013, IGLC 2013, pp. 275-284.
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The adoption of customisation strategies increases the degree of clients' involvement in apartments building development and production and also the amount of information that needs to be managed. In such strategies, clients' specific requirements need to be translated into design and construction instructions. Failure in efficiently and effectively processing this information can result in apartments that do not fulfil clients' requirements and/or drawbacks in the construction process such as delays or reworks. As a result, having an appropriate information flow among companies, clients, and suppliers is an important success factor for a customisation strategy. This paper presents the evolution of the information flow in four apartment building projects developed by a Brazilian construction company. This research follows a previous study on the same topic (i.e. customisation in house-building) published in 2010 at the IGLC conference. While that paper sought to describe a set of practices applied by this company for managing customisation and its connections with lean concepts and principles, this one aims to show how those practices have evolved through time. Thus, based on the analysis of these practices, this paper aims to provide guidance on how to manage the information flow in customisation strategies.

Dackermann, U, Li, J & Samali, B 1970, 'Transmissibility function analysis for boundary damage identification of a two-storey framed structure using artificial neural networks', From Materials to Structures: Advancement Through Innovation - Proceedings of the 22nd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, ACMSM 2012, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC press/Balkema, Sydney, Australia, pp. 891-896.
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This paper presents a damage identification technique that uses output-only scalar transmissibility measurements of a structure to identify boundary conditions. A damage index is formulated based on output-only acceleration response measurements from ambient floor vibration. The damage index is analysed by a system of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict boundary condition changes of the structure. Using the data compression and noise filtering capabilities of principal component analysis (PCA), the size of the damage index is reduced in order to obtain suitable patterns for ANN training. To test the proposed method, it is applied to different models of a numerical two-storey framed structure with varying boundary conditions. Boundary damage is simulated by changing the condition of individual joint elements of the structure from fixed to pinned. The results of the investigation show that the proposed method is effective in identifying boundary damage in structures based on output-only response measurements. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group.

Daniel, S, Mazzolini, A & Mann, L 1970, 'Perceptions of the effectiveness of lectures in improving student conceptual understanding', Australasian Association for Engineering Education Conference.

Dantanarayana, L, Ranasinghe, R & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'C-LOG: A Chamfer Distance Based Method for Localisation in Occupancy Grid-maps', 2013 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS), IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 376-381.
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In this paper, the problem of localising a robot within a known two-dimensional environment is formulated as one of minimising the Chamfer Distance between the corresponding occupancy grid map and information gathered from a sensor such as a laser range finder. It is shown that this nonlinear optimisation problem can be solved efficiently and that the resulting localisation algorithm has a number of attractive characteristics when compared with the conventional particle filter based solution for robot localisation in occupancy grids. The proposed algorithm is able to perform well even when robot odometry is unavailable, insensitive to noise models and does not critically depend on any tuning parameters. Experimental results based on a number of public domain datasets as well as data collected by the authors are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Das, A, Pal, U, Ballester, MAF & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'A New Method for Sclera Vessel Recognition Using OLBP', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Biometric Recognition, Springer International Publishing, Jinan, China, pp. 370-377.
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This paper proposes a new sclera vessel recognition technique. The vessel patterns of sclera are unique for each individual and this can be utilized to identify a person uniquely. In this research we have used a time adaptive active contour-based region growing technique for sclera segmentation. Prior to that, we have made some tonal and illumination correction to get a clearer sclera area without the distributing vessel structure. This is because the presence of complex vessel structures occasionally affects the region-growing process. The sclera vessels are not prominent in the images, so in order to make them clearly visible, a local image enhancement process using a Haar high pass filter is incorporated. To get the total orientation of the vessels, we have used Orientated Local Binary Pattern (OLBP). The OLBP images of each class are used for template matching for classification by calculating the minimum Hamming Distance. We have used the UBIRIS version 1 dataset for the experimentation of our research. The proposed approach has achieved high recognition accuracy employing the above-mentioned dataset. © Springer International Publishing 2013.

Das, A, Pal, U, Blumenstein, M & Ballester, MAF 1970, 'Sclera Recognition - A Survey', 2013 2nd IAPR Asian Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2013 2nd IAPR Asian Conference on Pattern Recognition (ACPR), IEEE, Naha, Japan, pp. 917-921.
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This paper presents a survey on sclera-based biometric recognition. Among the various biometric methods, sclera is one of the novel and promising biometric techniques. The sclera, a white region of connective tissue and blood vessels, surrounds the iris. A survey of the techniques available in the area of sclera biometrics will be of great assistance to researchers, and hence a comprehensive effort is made in this article to discuss the advancements reported in this regard during the past few decades. As a limited number of publications are found in the literature, an attempt is made in this paper to increase awareness of this area so that the topic gains popularity and interest among researchers. In this survey, a brief introduction is given initially about the sclera biometric, which is subsequently followed by background concepts, various pre-processing techniques, feature extraction and finally classification techniques associated with the sclera biometric. Benchmarking databases are very important for any pattern recognition related research, so the databases related with this work is also discussed. Finally, our observations, future scope and existing difficulties, which are unsolved in sclera biometrics, are discussed. We hope that this survey will serve to focus more researcher attention towards the emerging sclera biometric. © 2013 IEEE.

Das, A, Pal, U, Ferrer Ballester, MA & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Sclera recognition using dense-SIFT', 2013 13th International Conference on Intellient Systems Design and Applications, 2013 13th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA), IEEE, Bangi, Malaysia, pp. 74-79.
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© 2013 IEEE. In this paper we propose a biometric sclera recognition and validation system. Here the sclera segmentation is performed bya time-adaptive active contour-based region growing technique. The sclera vessels are not prominent so image enhancement is required and hence a bank of 2D decomposition. A Haar wavelet multi-resolution filter is used to enhance the vessels pattern for better accuracy. For feature extraction, Dense Scale Invariant Feature Transform (D-SIFT) is used. D-SIFT patch descriptors of each training image are used to form bag of features by using k-means clustering and a spatial pyramid model, which is used to produce the training model. Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are used for classification. The UBIRIS version 1 dataset is used here for experimentation. Anencouraging Equal Error Rate (EER) of 0.66% is attained in the experiments presented.

De Silva Wijayaratna, K 1970, 'Reliability of the South West Sydney Transport Corridor', Australian Institute of Traffic Planning and Management (AITPM) National Conference, Perth, Western Australia.

Dear, RD, Burnham, DR, Summers, MD, McGloin, D & Ritchie, GAD 1970, 'Axial Localization Improvements when Trapping Aerosol Droplets using an Annular Beam', Optics in the Life Sciences, Optical Trapping Applications, OSA.
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We demonstrate that annular beam traps lead to an increased size range and improved axial trapping of aerosols in comparison to Gaussian beam traps. These methods are extended to consider ionic liquid samples. © 2013 The Optical Society (OSA).

Dehestani, D, Su, S, Nguyen, H & Guo, Y 1970, 'Robust fault tolerant application for HVAC system based on combination of online SVM and ANN black box model', 2013 European Control Conference (ECC), 2013 European Control Conference (ECC), IEEE, Zurich, Switzerland, pp. 2976-2981.
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Efficient heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are one of the big challenges today around the world. The fault detection and isolation (FDI) play a significant role in the monitoring, repairing and maintaining of technical systems for the final destination of cost reduction. FDI makes it possible to reduce total cost effective of maintenance and thus increase the capacity utilization rates of equipment. Reduction of energy wasting in the system by on time fault detection is another goal. Therefore, this work proposes a new fault detector based on a black box Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model and online support vector machines (SVM) classifier which integrates a dimension reduction scheme to analyze the failure of air fan supply and dampers fault. The key advantage of this algorithm is to make robustness for SVM to recognize a faulty condition with unexpected sensors values. The ANN generates a high accurate model which is based reference for SVM classifier. Now by using this black box model we make possibility of robustness for SVM to increase detection probability. Finally, a series of faulty experimental data are applied to evaluate the effectiveness of the robust classifier. Final results show that online SVM can detect accurately the air supply fan fault and damper fault of a HVAC system with minimum usage data. It is also outperforms offline SVM on such energy systems for classification.

Deng, C, Ji, R, Liu, W, Tao, D & Gao, X 1970, 'Visual Reranking through Weakly Supervised Multi-graph Learning.', ICCV, IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE Computer Society, Sydney, Australia, pp. 2600-2607.
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Visual reranking has been widely deployed to refine the quality of conventional content-based image retrieval en- gines. The current trend lies in employing a crowd of re- trieved results stemming from multiple feature modalities to boost the overall performance of visual reranking. Howev- er, a major challenge pertaining to current reranking meth- ods is how to take full advantage of the complementary property of distinct feature modalities. Given a query im- age and one feature modality, a regular visual reranking framework treats the top-ranked images as pseudo positive instances which are inevitably noisy, difficult to reveal this complementary property, and thus lead to inferior ranking performance. This paper proposes a novel image rerank- ing approach by introducing a Co-Regularized Multi-Graph Learning (Co-RMGL) framework, in which the intra-graph and inter-graph constraints are simultaneously imposed to encode affinities in a single graph and consistency across d- ifferent graphs. Moreover, weakly supervised learning driv- en by image attributes is performed to denoise the pseudo- labeled instances, thereby highlighting the unique strength of individual feature modality. Meanwhile, such learning can yield a few anchors in graphs that vitally enable the alignment and fusion of multiple graphs. As a result, an edge weight matrix learned from the fused graph automat- ically gives the ordering to the initially retrieved results. We evaluate our approach on four benchmark image re- trieval datasets, demonstrating a significant performance gain over the state-of-the-arts

Deuse, J, Konrad, B & Bohnen, F 1970, 'Renaissance of Group Technology: Reducing Variability to Match Lean Production Prerequisites', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, Elsevier BV, pp. 998-1003.
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Although Group Technology was invented to transfer benefits of economies of scale to job-shop production during the 1960s, its underlying methodologies are still relevant for modern production, which follows the lean production paradigm. This paper discusses how Group Technology has developed towards an essential tool in industrial engineering in the last decades and how it is applied in the context of Lean Production. Moreover, the authors present two examples of current research in the field of Group Technology and Lean Production: Levelling of low volume, high mix production and mixed-model assembly line balancing. © IFAC.

Deze Zeng, Song Guo, Stojmenovic, I & Shui Yu 1970, 'Stochastic modeling and analysis of opportunistic computing in intermittent mobile cloud', 2013 IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), 2013 IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA 2013), IEEE, Swinburne Univ Technol, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1902-1907.
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Ding, C, Guo, YJ, Qin, PY, Bird, TS & Yang, Y 1970, 'A novel phase shifter based on reconfigurable defected microstrip structure (RDMS) for beam-steering antennas', ISAP 2013 - Proceedings of the 2013 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, Nanjing, China, pp. 993-996.
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A low cost phase shifter based on a cascaded reconfigurable defected microstrip structure (RDMS) is proposed. This RDMS unit is produced by etching a slot to introduce a defect on a microstrip line and then PIN diodes are inserted in the defected area. By switching the PIN diodes, the RDMS unit is able to operate in two different states with a phase shift of 17° at 5.2 GHz. The RDMS units can be cascaded for higher phase shift values that may be determined by array design requirements. Phase shifters cascading three and six RDMS units were designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results show that the two phase shifters introduce 45° and 90° phase shifts, respectively, with low insertion loss. Finally, a four element patch array is proposed with a beamforming network employing the phase shifters and Wilkinson power dividers. The array is able to switch its main beam direction to 0° and ±20° in the H plane and the impedance bandwidth covers the overlapping wireless local area network (WLAN) bands in the vicinity of 5.2 GHz. © 2013 Antenna Society of the Chinese Institute of Electronics.

ding, J, Dutkiewicz, E & Huang, X 1970, 'Energy Efficient Cooperative Communication for UWB Based In-Body Area Networks', Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Body Area Networks, 8th International Conference on Body Area Networks, ACM, Boston, Massachusetts, pp. 29-34.
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© 2013 ICST 978-1-936968-89-3. In this paper, we study the energy efficiency of single relay cooperative transmission for ultra-wideband (UWB) based in-body area networks (IBANs). A simple relay-based cooperative IBAN system model is introduced first. With a target threshold of the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), outage probabilities for direct and cooperative transmissions are derived respectively. Afterwards, the average energy consumption per bit is given for both transmission schemes. The optimal relay location for cooperation is also derived and analyzed to minimize the average bit energy consumption. Simulation verifies the analysis and shows that cooperative transmission can achieve a satisfactory improvement on energy efficiency compared with direct transmission over a range of relay locations for UWB based IBANs. The improvement is more significant with a higher SNR threshold or with the implanted sensor having a deeper depth inside the body.

Ding, J, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Fang, G 1970, 'Energy-efficient cooperative relay selection for UWB based body area networks', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB), 2013 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB), IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 97-102.
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In this paper, an energy-efficient cooperative relay selection scheme is investigated for ultra-wideband (UWB) based wireless body area networks (WBANs). With a realistic nonlinear energy consumption model, the energy consumption for single-relay cooperation is established and the optimal power allocation for cooperation is derived accordingly to minimize the total energy consumption at a given relay location. Afterwards, an energy efficient relay selection criterion is described in detail. Simulation results verify the suitability of the criterion and show that, with the same desired spectral efficiency (SE), direct transmission is preferable for energy saving when the transmitter and receiver are located on the same side of the human body. However, at a suitable relay location and with large transmission distance, cooperative transmission can achieve a significant improvement on energy efficiency compared with direct transmission when the transmitter and receiver are located on the different sides of the human body. © 2013 IEEE.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 1970, 'UCOSAIS: A Framework for User-Centered Online Service Advertising Information Search', WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING - WISE 2013, PT I, International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, Springer Verlag, Nanjing, China, pp. 267-276.
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The emergence of Internet advertising brings about an economic and efficient marketing means for small and medium enterprises in service industries. Every day, massive service advertising information is published over the Internet. Nevertheless, on the other side, service consumers find it difficult to quickly and precisely retrieve their desired services. This problem is partly caused by the ubiquitous, heterogeneous, and ambiguous nature of online service advertising information. In this paper, we propose a systematic framework – UCOSAIS – for online service advertising information search. Inspired by the philosophy of user-centered design, this framework comprises an ontology-learning-based focused crawler for service information discovery and classification, a faceted semantic search component for service concept selection, and a user-click-based similarity computing component for service concept ranking adjustment.

DRAGOS, J & WU, C 1970, 'A NEW APPROACH TO DERIVE NORMALIZED PRESSURE IMPULSE CURVES FOR ELASTIC MEMBERS', Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt, pp. 1350016-1350016.
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A pressure impulse (PI) diagram is a useful preliminary design tool for structural members against blasts. An extensive amount of investigation has been undertaken to generalize PI curves, using single degree of freedom (SDOF) theory, for elastic structural members. In this study, a new original approach also using SDOF theory, relying on the concept of effective pulse shape, is presented for determining a PI curve for any elastic member. The advantage of this approach is that it can be applied to any given type of blast load. The techniques and equations involved in this approach are outlined. Then, to assess the accuracy of this approach, elastic normalized PI curves generated using the new approach are compared against those obtained using the traditional methods. Finally, this approach is compared against other simplified techniques for determining elastic normalized PI curves.

Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Challenges of wireless medical implant technologies for future health monitoring and treatment', 2013 IEEE Conference on Wireless Sensor (ICWISE), 2013 IEEE Conference on Wireless Sensor (ICWISE), IEEE.
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Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Dynamic spectrum sharing techniques for next generation networks', 2013 IEEE Conference on Wireless Sensor (ICWISE), 2013 IEEE Conference on Wireless Sensor (ICWISE), IEEE.
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Erfani, SS, Abedin, B & Daneshgar, F 1970, 'Investigating the impact of facebook use on cancer survivors' psychological well-being', 19th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2013 - Hyperconnected World: Anything, Anywhere, Anytime, Americas Conference on Information Systems, Association of information Systems, Chicago, USA, pp. 2184-2190.
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Rapid growth of Social Network Sites (SNSs) use by cancer survivors makes it important to examine whether there is a relationship between the use of these online communities and cancer survivors' psychological well-being. This article poses the question of how the Facebook use as the most popular SNS, may impact cancer survivors' psychological well-being. To answer this question a comprehensive literature review of studies conducted in information systems and health disciplines has been undertaken and a theoretical model is proposed. This study is expected to contribute to the existing knowledge base through the development of a new theoretical model which introduces and explains the ways that SNS use may impact cancer survivors' psychological well-being. It provides important information on the health-related SNSs use and is envisioned to assist health care organizations and cancer survivors to use SNS as an e-health application. © (2013) by the AIS/ICIS Administrative Office All rights reserved.

Erfani, SS, Abedin, B, Daneshgar, F & IEEE 1970, 'A qualitative evaluation of communication in Ovarian Cancer Facebook Communities', INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SOCIETY (I-SOCIETY 2013), International Conference on Information Society (I-Society), IEEE, Toronto, ON, Canada, pp. 270-272.
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Social network sites use is increasingly daily. While many health related communities now exist on Facebook; the issue of arising potential drawbacks of online communities is the matter of debate. This study aimed to investigate the content of communication in Ovarian Cancer Facebook communities (i) to determine the users of Ovarian Cancer Facebook communities (ii) to understand the content of communication in Ovarian Cancer Facebook communities (iii) to examine the extent of exchanging incorrect health information and posting negative feeling in patient support Facebook communities. To this end content analysis technique was applied, 10 largest Facebook communities related to the Ovarian Cancer were selected then a thematic coding scheme was developed and random sample of the most recent wall posts and discussion topics were evaluated. Patients with Ovarian Cancer and their care takers provide queries and feedback related to personal health related information like experiences for cancer management; they also provide emotional support but potential disadvantages such as unconventional medical information and negative feeling were infrequent. © 2013 Infonomics Society.

Erohin, O, Schallow, J, Deuse, J, Klinkenberg, R & GmbH, RI 1970, 'Application of data mining to predict assembly time in early phases of product emergence', Proceedings of International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering, CIE, pp. 205-216.
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Since the 1990s manufacturing industry has faced the challenge of increasing product and process complexity as well as growing cost and time pressure. To deal with this issue research activities focus on the development of new methods and IT tools for virtual product emergence. In the field of industrial engineering various IT applications supporting stronger parallelisation and frontloading of product and process planning arose in recent years. In the future an intelligent, comprehensive analysis of relevant manufacturing data and information will be essential to support planning or decision-making processes within virtual product emergence. Therefore, utilisation of industrial databases by applying data mining techniques is necessary to discover implicit manufacturing knowledge. An essential planning and decision-making basis is provided by manufacturing and assembly time data. Different time determination methods can be applied to determine assembly time with required accuracy. However, currently used methods in early planning phases are in many cases based on 'Comparative Estimating'. The transfer of these estimated time data to new planning processes is often realised experience-based and without intelligent utilisation of existing digital databases, e.g. of work schedules data. This paper presents potentials and application of data mining methods to discover timerelevant knowledge in industrial databases and describes preconditions and characteristics of predictive data mining in industrial environments. In addition, it illustrates the utilisation of discovered knowledge in early phases of product emergence in order to predict assembly time. As a result, data-based determined assembly time supports an effective realisation of simultaneous engineering projects and provides a relevant planning and decision-making fundament in early phases of product emergence.

Esteves, A, van den Hoven, E & Oakley, I 1970, 'Physical games or digital games?', Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction, TEI'13: Seventh International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction, ACM, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 167-174.
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This paper explores how different interfaces to a problem solving task affect how users perform it. Specifically, it focuses on a customized version of the game of Four-in-arow and compares play on a physical, tangible game board with that conducted in mouse and touch-screen driven virtual versions. This is achieved through a repeated measures study involving a total of 36 participants and which explicitly assesses aspects of cognitive work through measures of time task, subjective workload, the projection of mental constructs onto external structures and the occurrence of explanatory epistemic actions. The results highlight the relevance of projection and epistemic action to this problem-solving task and suggest that the different interface forms afford instantiation of these activities in different ways. The tangible version of the system supports the most rapid execution of these actions and future work on this topic should explore the unique advantages of tangible interfaces in supporting epistemic actions.

Fang, G, Kwok, NM & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Skin Colour Detection Using the Statistical Decision Theory', MANUFACTURING PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT, PTS 1-4, International Conference on Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Scientific.net, Dalian, China, pp. 1891-1895.
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Skin colour is an important attribute that can be used to detect human presence in an image. In this paper, a new method is introduced to detect skin pixels in an image based on statistical decision theory. The proposed method uses a parametric model to

Fariha, A, Ahmed, CF, Leung, CK-S, Abdullah, SM & Cao, L 1970, 'Mining Frequent Patterns from Human Interactions in Meetings Using Directed Acyclic Graphs', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 38-49.
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In modern life, interactions between human beings frequently occur in meetings, where topics are discussed. Semantic knowledge of meetings can be revealed by discovering interaction patterns from these meetings. An existing method mines interaction patterns from meetings using tree structures. However, such a tree-based method may not capture all kinds of triggering relations between interactions, and it may not distinguish a participant of a certain rank from another participant of a different rank in a meeting. Hence, the tree-based method may not be able to find all interaction patterns such as those about correlated interaction. In this paper, we propose to mine interaction patterns from meetings using an alternative data structurenamely, a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Specifically, a DAG captures both temporal and triggering relations between interactions in meetings. Moreover, to distinguish one participant of a certain rank from another, we assign weights to nodes in the DAG. As such, a meeting can be modeled as a weighted DAG, from which weighted frequent interaction patterns can be discovered. Experimental results showed the effectiveness of our proposed DAG-based method for mining interaction patterns from meetings.

Fatahi, B, Le, T & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'Influence Of Insitu Stresses On Deformation And Stability Of Embankments On Deep Clays', Proceedings of the International Conference on Ground Improvement and Ground Control, Ground Improvement And Ground Control: Transport Infrastructure Development and Natural Hazards Mitigation, Research Publishing, Wollongong, Australia, pp. 491-496.
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Time dependent behavior of soft soils under embankments is one of the challenging problems in geotechnical engineering, since soft ground has been utilised for development. This paper presents a numerical study of the influence of the initial stress state on the ground lateral deformation and pore water pressure by revisiting a case study of an embankment constructed on Boston Blue Clay. The insitu stress state is usually determined by the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest (K0), but there are various correlations to estimate the value of K0. In this paper, a numerical parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of K0 on the vertical and horizontal displacements, the excess pore water pressures, and the factor of safety of the embankment. The results show that the value of K0 has notable influences on the predictions of horizontal and vertical displacements, but minor effects on the predicted pore water pressures. The choice of the lateral earth pressure coefficient at rest also has impact on the long term stability of the embankment. Thus, it is emphasised that the initial stress state should be concerned regarding the stability of the embankment for analysing the performance of embankments constructed on deep soft soils.

Fatahi, B, Le, T & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'INFLUENCE OF SOIL CREEP ON STABILITY OF EMBANKMENT ON SOFT SOIL', Ground Improvement and Ground Control, International conference on Ground Improvement and Ground Control, Research Publishing, Wollongong, Australia, pp. 485-490.
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As a result of the scarcity of land for construction, number of projects to construct man-made islands or to expand lands over soft grounds keeps increasing. Consolidation and creep are significant in the soft soil and hence, their long term deformation must be taken into account in engineering design and practice. Soil creep has significant impacts on the stability of the structures constructed on the soft ground. In this paper, a case study of an embankment constructed in stages in north Boston over a thick layer of Boston Blue Clay is numerically investigated in order to consider the effects of the soil creep. The behaviour of the ground is simulated using a finite element program associated with and without soil creep. A parametric study on the soil creep ratio is conducted to evaluate its effects on the predictions of the excess pore water pressure and lateral displacement. It is observed that the increase in the value of creep index causes the increases in both of the horizontal displacements and excess pore water pressures of the ground. In addition, the factor of safety against slope instability decreases with the creep ratio. Thus, the effects of soil creep should be earnestly considered in predicting the ground performance under embankments.

Fathollahipour, S, Maziarfar, S & Tavakoli, J 1970, 'Characterization and evaluation of acacia gum loaded PVA hybrid wound dressing', 2013 20th Iranian Conference on Biomedical Engineering (ICBME), 2013 20th Iranian Conference on Biomedical Engineering (ICBME), IEEE, pp. 149-154.
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Hydrogels based on natural polysaccharides are found to be so appealing for wound healing applications. The present study deals with the synthesis and characterization of PVA/acacia gum hybrid hydrogels where Arabic gum was evaluated as network properties improvement factor in hybrid hydrogel with the capability of antimicrobial agent (erythromycin) delivery in wound site. The comparison of drug release from mentioned hydrogel wound dressing with pure PVA hydrogel in stimulated wound fluid, swelling studies as a function of additive type, pH and temperature has been discussed. Eventually, the hybrid film was characterized by SEM. All of the observed results indicate that the hybrid hydrogel could easily be used as functional wound dressing to control the rate of antibiotic drug release to the wound site. © 2013 IEEE.

Fattah, IMR, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA & Varman, M 1970, 'Effect of Antioxidant Added Coconut Biodiesel Blends on Emission Characteristics of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine', INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENT, ENERGY AND BIOSCIENCE (ICFEEB 2013), International Conference on Frontiers of Environment, Energy and Bioscience (ICFEEB), DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 425-430.

Feng Tian, Hu, RQ, Yi Qian, Bo Rong, Bo Liu & Lin Gui 1970, 'Pure asynchronous neighbor discovery algorithms in ad hoc networks using directional antennas', 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2013), IEEE, Atlanta, GA, pp. 498-503.
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Feng, Y, Yu, N & Ying, M 1970, 'Reachability Analysis of Recursive Quantum Markov Chains', MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE 2013, International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, Springer, IST Austria, pp. 385-396.
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We introduce the notion of recursive quantum Markov chain (RQMC) for analysing recursive quantum programs with procedure calls. RQMCs are natural extension of Etessami and Yannakakis's recursive Markov chains where the probabilities along transitions are replaced by completely positive and trace-nonincreasing super-operators on a state Hilbert space of a quantum system. We study the reachability problem for RQMCs and establish a reduction from it to computing the least solution of a system of polynomial equations in the semiring of super-operators. It is shown that for an important subclass of RQMCs, namely linear RQMCs, the reachability problem can be solved in polynomial time. For general case, technique of Newtonian program analysis recently developed by Esparza, Kiefer and Luttenberger is employed to approximate reachability super-operators. A polynomial time algorithm that computes the support subspaces of the reachability super-operators in general case is also proposed. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Fidge, C, Hogan, J & Lister, R 1970, 'What vs. how: Comparing students' testing and coding skills', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society Inc, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 97-106.
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The well-known diffculties students exhibit when learning to program are often characterised as either diffculties in understanding the problem to be solved or diffculties in devising and coding a computational solution. It would therefore be helpful to understand which of these gives students the greatest trouble. Unit testing is a mainstay of large-scale software development and maintenance. A unit test suite serves not only for acceptance testing, but is also a form of requirements specification, as exemplified by agile programming methodologies in which the tests are developed before the corresponding program code. In order to better understand students' conceptual difficulties with programming, we conducted a series of experiments in which students were required to write both unit tests and program code for non-trivial problems. Their code and tests were then assessed separately for correctness and 'coverage', respectively. The results allowed us to directly compare students' abilities to characterise a computational problem, as a unit test suite, and develop a corresponding solution, as executable code. Since understanding a problem is a pre-requisite to solving it, we expected students' unit testing skills to be a strong predictor of their ability to successfully implement the corresponding program. Instead, however, we found that students' testing abilities lag well behind their coding skills.

Fitzgerald, S, Hanks, B, Lister, R, McCauley, R & Murphy, L 1970, 'What are we thinking when we grade programs?', Proceeding of the 44th ACM technical symposium on Computer science education, SIGCSE '13: The 44th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, ACM, Denver, Colorado, USA, pp. 471-476.
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Abstract: This paper reports on a mixed methods study which examines how four experienced instructors approached the grading of a programming problem. Two instructors used a detailed, analytic approach and two instructors employed a holistic approach. One instructor exhibited elements of a primary trait approach. Even though the four instructors used different grading scales and philosophies, their raw scores were highly correlated (Spearmanâs rho of .81) supporting the conclusion that experienced instructors usually agree on whether a program is âvery goodâ or âvery badâ. Clearly there is no single right way to grade programs. Further discourse should be encouraged for the benefit of both educators and students.

Fong, S, Zhuang, Y, Li, J & Khoury, R 1970, 'Sentiment Analysis of Online News Using MALLET', 2013 International Symposium on Computational and Business Intelligence, 2013 International Symposium on Computational and Business Intelligence (ISCBI), IEEE, New Delhi, INDIA, pp. 301-304.
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Franco, M, Guiza, J, Chiappetta, E, Rueda, S, Luis, H, Bertuzzo, J, Koeppe, J, Robins, T, Jenkins, J & Hamilton, T 1970, 'Electronically programmable test points for on-chip analog/digital measurements', 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS2013), 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE, pp. 2670-2673.
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This paper presents a flexible solution for performing measurements of internal chip signals at the bench, which reduces overall system costs and test risks. It also makes available a way to insert signals at predefined nodes and to bring the system to a specified state. For this purpose, we use a Serial-to-Parallel Interface (SPI) block with a simple communication protocol, which enables the designer to reconfigure as many internal test structures as desired, as well as to drive different internal signals to or from the chip pads. As these pads are reconfigurable, their number can be reduced to a minimum, which in turn reduces silicon area and die cost. The need to use physically intrusive micro probes is reduced and, most importantly, it allows the possibility to acquire internal signals of fully encapsulated dies. © 2013 IEEE.

Fu, B, Xu, G, Wang, Z & Cao, L 1970, 'Leveraging Supervised Label Dependency Propagation for Multi-label Learning', 2013 IEEE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING (ICDM), IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, IEEE, Dallas, TX, USA, pp. 1061-1066.
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Exploiting label dependency is a key challenge in multi-label learning, and current methods solve this problem mainly by training models on the combination of related labels and original features. However, label dependency cannot be exploited dynamically and mutually in this way. Therefore, we propose a novel paradigm of leveraging label dependency in an iterative way. Specifically, each label's prediction will be updated and also propagated to other labels via an random walk with restart process. Meanwhile, the label propagation is implemented as a supervised learning procedure via optimizing a loss function, thus more appropriate label dependency can be learned. Extensive experiments are conducted, and the results demonstrate that our method can achieve considerable improvements in terms of several evaluation metrics. © 2013 IEEE.

Fu, J, Wang, J, Li, Z, Xu, M & Lu, H 1970, 'Efficient Clothing Retrieval with Semantic-Preserving Visual Phrases', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 420-431.
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In this paper, we address the problem of large scale cross-scenario clothing retrieval with semantic-preserving visual phrases (SPVP). Since the human parts are important cues for clothing detection and segmentation, we firstly detect human parts as the

Fukumoto, T, Thomas, P, Simon, P & Stuart, BH 1970, 'Estimation of the curing rate of acrylamide used as a consolidant in heritage sandstone conservation', 4th Joint Czech-Hungarian-Polish-Slovak Thermoanalytical Conference Abstracts, 4th Joint Czech-Hungarian-Polish-Slovak Thermoanalytical Conference.

Furqan, F & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Wireless Fair Intelligent Admission Control - WFIAC', 2013 IEEE 27TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INFORMATION NETWORKING AND APPLICATIONS (AINA), International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (was ICOIN), IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1001-1008.
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In next generation wireless networks like WiMAX, a dynamic Call Admission Control (CAC) plays an important role to ensure Quality of Service (QoS) of existing users and to efficiently utilize network resources. We propose a predictive CAC namely Wireless Fair Intelligent Admission Control (WFIAC) that admits or rejects a new incoming connection base on resource availability and load in the network. The proposed CAC works in conjunction to a load control module namely WiMAX Fair Intelligent Congestion Control (WFICC) to determine load in network. The proposed CAC is based on bandwidth borrowing and degradation of over provisioned connections in order to minimize blocking probability and to maximize resource utilization in the network. Once the network load reduces, WFICC upgrades the bandwidth allocated to connections that have data to send. So, WFIAC along with WFICC ensures the network operates around a target operating point to guarantee QoS to end users. A detailed and comprehensive simulation is performed in ns-2 to show the efficiency of the proposed CAC scheme in terms of blocking probability of different service classes and QoS provisioning to existing connections when the network is in congested and non congested state.

Furqan, F, Hoang, DB & IEEE 1970, 'WFICC: A New Mechanism for Provision of QoS and Congestion Control in WiMAX', 2013 IEEE CONSUMER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE (CCNC), IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 552-558.
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In WiMAX architecture the base station lacks the mechanisms to avoid it from being overloaded, which can lead to degradation in the Quality of service (QoS) experienced by the users in the cell, as the large queue at buffer risk high delays and buffer ov

Gandhi, S & Jupp, JR 1970, 'Characteristics of Green BIM: Process and Information Management Requirements', Product Lifecycle Management for Society, IFIP WG . International Conference on Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Nantes, France, pp. 596-605.
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In this paper, the authors explore the characteristics and requirements of digitally supported green? building design. Well planned, integrated and interdisciplinary digital design practices play a vital role in the iterative processes of sustainable building design. Unlike traditional ways of working, the management of design information and process integration in green building design involves a wider range and a larger number of consultants utilizing sophisticated environmental modelling and analysis systems. To understand the complexities surrounding information management in this context, the authors focus on issues relating to: 1) information exchange and model management, and 2) multidisciplinary design process coordination. Different aspects of sustainable design modelling methodologies are explored in relation to technology requirements, information exchange, and multi-disciplinary collaboration. Finally, the literature is synthesised in a conceptual roadmap framing the key factors identified by the study.

Gandhi, S & Jupp, JR 1970, 'Green BIM and Green Star certification practices: Case studies in commercial high-rise office design', Proceedings: 38th AUBEA International Conference 20-22nd November 2013, Australian Universities Building Education Association Annual Conference, AUBEA2013, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 1-10.
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With the goal of reducing a building's environmental footprint, environmental sustainable design (ESD) and green building certification (GBC) is having an increasing influence on design practice. The application of building information modelling (BIM) is also affecting traditional ways of working. Whilst sustainability is a key underpinning of both initiatives, the consequences to design practices of their combined implementation are not well understood. Projects looking to realise the value of their collective benefit persist against an array of implementation challenges and unspecified management requirements. Using a qualitative case study approach, the authors explore the application of BIM from the point of view of ESD consultants and a GBC certification authority. Case study interviews reveal a range of new design workflow and management requirements relating to the communication and coordination of model datasets. The paper closes with a discussion of these management requirements and presents a strategy for future work.

Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH, Ting, TO & Yang, X-S 1970, 'Intelligent Modeling and Prediction of Elastic Modulus of Concrete Strength via Gene Expression Programming', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 564-571.
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The accurate prediction of the elastic modulus of concrete can be very important in civil engineering applications. We use gene expression programming (GEP) to model and predict the elastic modulus of normal-strength concrete (NSC) and high-strength concrete (HSC). The proposed models can relate the modulus of elasticity of NSC and HSC to their compressive strength, based on reliable experimental databases obtained from the published literature. Our results show that GEP can be an effective method for deriving simplified and precise formulations for the elastic modulus of NSC and HSC. Furthermore, the comparison study in the present work indicates that the GEP predictions are more accurate than other methods. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Gardner, A & Willey, K 1970, 'The response of emerging engineering education researchers to peer review of conference papers', Research in Engineering Education Symposium, REES 2013, Research in Engineering Education Symposium, Curran Associates, Inc., Putrajaya, Malaysia, pp. 223-230.
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Our research, an element which is reported in this paper, investigates the effectiveness of peer review of conference papers in enabling peer learning within the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE) community. This paper reports the responses of six 'new/emerging' authors from three types of Australian universities to the peer reviews of their AAEE 2012 conference papers. The findings and discussion focus on those aspects of the reviews and the authors' circumstances that appear to either enable or constrain their development as engineering education researchers. The study finds that authors belonging to a discipline-based educational research group made substantial changes to their papers before final submission and we argue that these research groups support these authors in developing their academic identity as an engineering education researcher.

Gardner, AP & Willey, K 1970, 'Exploring the impact of peer review on the development of engineering education researchers', Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education AAEE2013, AAEE - Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia, Surfers Paradise, Queensland, Australia, pp. 1-9.

Gardner, AP & Willey, K 1970, 'Mapping the engineering education research landscape in Australia', Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education - AAEE2013, AAEE - Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, pp. 1-10.
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BACKGROUND Engineering education research is still consolidating as a recognised research area in Australian universities. A current project funded by the US National Science Foundation is attempting to develop a taxonomy for engineering education as a research area. Our project takes a slightly different perspective by using a landscape model to describe engineering education as a knowledge domain that includes a variety of areas of endeavour. PURPOSE This paper is motivated by questions around the range of topics being addressed in the AAEE community and as a means of initiating a discussion about how we define, evaluate, understand and move within our research domain. APPROACH This paper reports data collected as part of a wider project examining the peer review process for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE) annual conference. During semistructured interviews nineteen participants used one or two coloured adhesive stars to locate their paper on a model of the engineering education research landscape presented in this paper. The location of the stars was then analysed in relation to various elements of the model and the explanations were coded in NVivo 10 for themes relating to the star location. OUTCOMES All participants could locate the topic of their conference paper on the presented model, and articulate clearly why their star belonged in the selected location demonstrating an individual understanding of the focus and outcomes of their research. Not surprisingly most stars were clustered in the `teaching and learning of engineering element or on one of the trajectories leading to it. This reflects that for many participants, their educational publications are inextricably linked to their practice of teaching engineering. Interestingly, there were strong voices from participants across all expertise levels and university types against a perceived move to make the annual AAEE conference focus on theoretical research. This ...

Gay, V, Leijdekkers, P & Wong, F 1970, 'Using sensors and facial expression recognition to personalize emotion learning for autistic children.', Stud Health Technol Inform, International Conference on Wearable Micro and Nano Technologies for Personalized Health, New IOS Press Publication, Netherlands, pp. 71-76.
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This paper describes CaptureMyEmotion, an app for smartphones and tablets which uses wireless sensors to capture physiological data together with facial expression recognition to provide a very personalized way to help autistic children identify and understand their emotions. Many apps are targeting autistic children and their carer, but none of the existing apps uses the full potential offered by mobile technology and sensors to overcome one of autistic children's main difficulty: the identification and expression of emotions. CaptureMyEmotion enables autistic children to capture photos, videos or sounds, and identify the emotion they felt while taking the picture. Simultaneously, a self-portrait of the child is taken, and the app measures the arousal and stress levels using wireless sensors. The app uses the self-portrait to provide a better estimate of the emotion felt by the child. The app has the potential to help autistic children understand their emotions and it gives the carer insight into the child's emotions and offers a means to discuss the child's feelings.

Gay, V, Leijdekkers, P, Agcanas, J, Wong, F & Wu, Q 1970, 'CaptureMyEmotion: Helping autistic children understand their emotions using facial expression recognition and mobile technologies', 26th Bled eConference - eInnovations: Challenges and Impacts for Individuals, Organizations and Society, Proceedings, Bled eConference - eInnovations: Challenges and Impacts for Individuals, Organizations and Society, Proceedings, AIS Electronic Library (AISeL), Bled, Slovenia, pp. 409-420.
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One of the main challenges for autistic children is to identify and express emotions. Many emotion-learning apps are available for smartphones and tablets to assist autistic children and their carers. However, they do not use the full potential offered by mobile technology, such as using facial expression recognition and wireless biosensors to recognise and sense emotions. To fill this gap we developed CaptureMyEmotion, an Android App that uses wireless sensors to capture physiological data together with facial expression recognition to provide a very personalised way to help autistic children learn about their emotions. The App enables children to capture photos, videos or sounds, and simultaneously attach emotion data and a self-portrait photo. The material can then be reviewed and discussed together with a carer at a later stage. CaptureMyEmotion has the potential to help autistic children integrate better in the society by providing a new way for them to understand their emotions.

Gay, VC, Leijdekkers, P & Wu, Q 1970, 'Helping Autistic Children Understand Their Emotions Using Facial Expression Recognition and Mobile Technologies', Proceedings of the 26th Bled eConference eInnovations, Bled eConference, AISeL, Bled, Slovenia, pp. 409-420.
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One of the main challenges for autistic children is to identify and express emotions. Many emotion-learning apps are available for smartphones and tablets to assist autistic children and their carers. However, they do not use the full potential offered by mobile technology, such as using facial expression recognition and wireless biosensors to recognise and sense emotions. To fill this gap we developed CaptureMyEmotion, an Android App that uses wireless sensors to capture physiological data together with facial expression recognition to provide a very personalised way to help autistic children learn about their emotions. The App enables children to capture photos, videos or sounds, and simultaneously attach emotion data and a self-portrait photo. The material can then be reviewed and discussed together with a carer at a later stage. CaptureMyEmotion has the potential to help autistic children integrate better in the society by providing a new way for them to understand their emotions.

Geyer, T, Aguilera, RP & Quevedo, DE 1970, 'On the stability and robustness of model predictive direct current control', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), 2013 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT 2013), IEEE, Cape Town, South Africa, pp. 374-379.
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Model predictive direct current control (MPDCC) has emerged as a promising control scheme for high-power power electronic applications, achieving very low current distortion levels and fast dynamic responses. This is achieved by addressing the current control and the modulation problems in one computational stage. For MPDCC the issue of closed-loop stability has not yet been investigated. In this paper, it will be shown that the MPDCC algorithm guarantees stability, i.e. the load currents are moved into given bounds and kept inside of these bounds. It will also be shown that - by slightly modifying the MPDCC algorithm - robustness to parameter uncertainties can be established. © 2013 IEEE.

Ghaffari Jadidi, M, Valls Miro, J, Valencia, R, Andrade-Cetto, J & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Exploration in Information Distribution Maps', Robotics Science and Systems - Workshop on Robotic Exploration, Monitoring and Information Collection, Workshop of Robotics: Systems and Science, Technische Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany, pp. 1-8.
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In this paper, a novel solution for autonomous robotic exploration is proposed. The distribution of information in an unknown environment is modeled as an unsteady diffusion process, which can be an appropriate mathematical formulation and analogy for expanding, time-varying, and dynamic environments. This information distribution map is the solution of the diffusion process partial differential equation, and is regressed from sensor data as a Gaussian Process. Optimization of the process parameters leads to an optimal frontier map which describes regions of interest for further exploration. Since the presented approach considers a continuous model of the environment, it can be used to plan smooth exploration paths exploiting the structural dependencies of the environment whilst handling sparse sensors measurements. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated through simulation results in the well-known Freiburg and Cave maps.

Ghahramany Dehbokry, S & Chew, EK 1970, 'Developing Business Architecture for SMEs: A Strategic Tool for Capability Orchestration and Managing Dynamisms', 22th the International Business Information Management Conference (22nd IBIMA), International Business Information Management, International Business Information Management Association, Rome, Italy, pp. 237-244.
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Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly faced with competitive pressure due to swift and constant change to the dynamic and highly interconnected environment in which they operate. Competing in this dynamic ecosystem, SMEs need a strategic tool for managing co-evolution with the dynamic environment in order to create sustained value. Drawing from the specific SME characteristics operating in a collaborative network ecosystem of firms, this paper elicits the specific strategic management requirements that need to be satisfied by a Business Architecture. Extensive exploratory literature review and semi-structured interviews are used to explicate the underlying drivers of SMEs requirements for business architecture that need to be addressed by the requisite BA practice. The paper finds that, the BA practice must possess the capabilities to guide and assist the SMEs to adapt with the dynamic collaborative ecosystem of firms and sense, leverage and orchestrate the network of resources and ICT capabilities to create sustained value. This paper concludes with some guidelines for developing the business architecture-enabled journey toward creating sustained value within the said dynamic ecosystem.

Ghosni, N, Samali, B & Vessalas, K 1970, 'Energy absorption and flexural toughness evaluation of fibre reinforced polymer modified concrete', Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures, FraMCoS 2013, International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures (FraMCoS-8), International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE), Toledo, Spain, pp. 1122-1130.
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This paper presents the effect of fibres on the behaviour of fibre reinforced concert (FRC) which nowadays is recognised for its energy absorption capacity as well as other benefits. Incorporating fibres in concrete, results in an ameliorated mix design which can dissipate energy and improve the fracture performance of concrete matrix. There are different types of test methods developed to measure the concrete energy absorption capacity, one of which is the four point bending test. This research work is on the flexural behaviour characterisation of polymer modified synthetic fibre reinforced concrete incorporating polypropylene (PP) fibres and styrene butadiene (SB) latex copolymer. Results of this study show that by adding PP fibres to concrete, toughness and energy absorption characteristics can be enhanced. By increasing the amount of fibre used in the concrete matrix this value can be increased. It has also been concluded that by adding fibres to the concrete matrix, the energy absorption characteristics can consequently be improved.

Gill, AQ 1970, 'Towards the Development of an Adaptive Enterprise Service System Model Completed Research Paper', AMCIS 2013 PROCEEDINGS, 19th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) - Hyperconnected World - Anything, Anywhere, Anytime, ASSOC INFORMATION SYSTEMS, IL, Chicago.

Gill, AQ 1970, 'Towards the Development of an Adaptive Enterprise Service System Model.', AMCIS, Americas Conference on Information Systems, Association for Information Systems, Chicago, IL, USA, pp. 1-9.
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The continuous adaptation of modern enterprises is largely dependent on their underlying adaptive enterprise architecture capability. However, the establishment of an adaptive enterprise architecture capability requires defining the enterprise context before actually commissioning any enterprise architecture or adaptation work. This paper presents the adaptive enterprise service system (AESS) model based on the Design Science research method and Theory Triangulation approach. The AESS integrates the enterprise context perspectives from three well-known theories of agility, (agent) system, and service science. The AESS model, as a part of the large adaptive enterprise architecture toolkit, defines a modern enterprise as an adaptive enterprise service system. The adaptive enterprise service system is a multi-agent system of service systems that exhibits agility and focuses on the emerging service-centric view as opposed to a traditional product-centric view. The service-centric view of an enterprise is critical for establishing the adaptive enterprise architecture capability for handling complex enterprise transformations.

Gluga, R, Kay, J & Lister, RF 1970, 'Progoss: Mastering the Curriculum', Australian Conference on Science and Mathematics Education (ACSME2012), Australian Conference on Science and Mathematics Education, UniServe Science, Sydney, Australia, pp. 92-98.
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Abstract: In education, we need to design effective degree programs of study that meet authoritative curricula guidelines. This is challenging because of the size of the curriculum and complexity of degree program structures. When dealing with data of this size and complexity, traditional spreadsheets are a clumsy way of storing the data. A database is a better option, especially when the database is accessible over the web. We created ProGoSs to effectively tackle this complexity. ProGoSs is a web-based system that maps curricula learning goals and mastery levels to individual assessment tasks across entire degree programs. ProGoSs enables academics to answer important questions such as: Does our degree teach the essential core defined in a recommended curriculum? Where in our degree are particular parts of the recommended curriculum taught? Does our degree ensure a solid progression in building skills? Where and how do we assess the learning achieved by bare-pass students on particular parts of the recommended curriculum? We present the design and implementation of ProGoSs and report on its evaluation by mapping multiple programming subjects from multiple universities to the ACM/IEEE Computer Science 2013 topics and learning objectives. This includes a mapping to various levels of Bloomâs Taxonomy to capture mastery.

Gluga, R, Kay, J, Lister, R, Simon, Charleston, M, Harland, J & Teague, D 1970, 'A conceptual model for re ecting on expected learning vs. demonstrated student performance', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society Inc, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 77-86.
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Educators are faced with many challenging questions in designing an effective curriculum. What prerequisite knowledge do students have before commencing a new subject? At what level of mastery? What is the spread of capabilities between bare-passing students vs. the top-performing group? How does the intended learning specification compare to student performance at the end of a subject? In this paper we present a conceptual model that helps in answering some of these questions. It has the following main capabilities: capturing the learning specification in terms of syllabus topics and outcomes; capturing mastery levels to model progression; capturing the minimal vs. aspirational learning design; capturing confidence and reliability metrics for each of these mappings; and finally, comparing and re ecting on the learning specification against actual student performance. We present a web-based implementation of the model, and validate it by mapping the final exams from four programming subjects against the ACM/IEEE CS2013 topics and outcomes, using Bloom's Taxonomy as the mastery scale. We then import the itemised exam grades from 632 students across the four subjects and compare the demonstrated student performance against the expected learning for each of these. Key contributions of this work are the validated conceptual model for capturing and comparing expected learning vs. demonstrated performance, and a web-based implementation of this model, which is made freely available online as a community resource.

Gomez-Tornero, JL, Goussetis, G & Guo, J 1970, 'Metasurfing substrate integrated waveguides to mold the radiation from Leaky Waves', Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium, Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS), pp. 206-211.
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We show our latest developments in the application of the meta surfing concept to Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology. It is described how this simple and versatile guiding medium can be conveniently modified and modulated to control the conversion from the conventional TE10 propagating mode to surface or leaky wave with tailored propagation and radiation features. Theoretical aspects and practical designs are described with the general objective of wavefront control (both in amplitude and phase), showing results at Ku band (12-18 GHz) and W band (75-111 GHz), and illustrating a wide range of physical phenomena and interesting potential applications.

Grenquist, S & Hadgraft, R 1970, 'Are Australian and American Engineering Education Programs the Same? The Similarities and Differences between Australian and American Engineering Accreditation Procedures', 2013 ASEE International Forum Proceedings, 2013 ASEE International Forum, ASEE Conferences, Atlanta, GA.
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Gu, X & Li, Y 1970, 'Comprehensive Investigations on Magnetic Field Distribution in a Solenoid', Volume 1: Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Materials; Modeling, Simulation and Control of Adaptive Systems; Integrated System Design and Implementation, ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Snowbird, Utah, USA, pp. 1-7.
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Finding engineering applications for a new class of smart material, magnetorheological elastomer (MRE), has been a major task for researchers in this field. Novel MRE devices, such as vibration absorbers and vibration isolators, have been proposed and fabricated to pioneer its engineering applications. In civil engineering, the author has proposed a novel MRE based isolator to be used in the base isolation system for mitigating the devastating effects of earthquakes on civil structures. For any MRE-based device, electromagnetic coil is evitable involved to provide magnetic field for the MRE materials. Comparing with magnetic circuit design in magnetorheological fluid (MRF) device, i.e. MR damper, MRE devices normally need a larger coil to energize the MRE materials, particularly for a large-scale MRE device. Therefore, investigation of the solenoid on the magnetic field distribution is of great importance for the design and development of MRE based device. In particular, provision of sufficient and uniform magnetic field is essential towards the success in designing MRF/MRE devices. To understand the mechanism of magnetic field generation in a solenoid is the key for device design and optimization. The main objective of this paper is to analytically investigate and experimentally validate the magnetic field distribution in a solenoid. The theoretical investigation starts from the analysis on an ideally thin cylindrical solenoid in order to obtain analytical results. To stimulate the coil which can be used in the design of MRE device, theoretical investigation is to conduct on a thick-wall cylindrical solenoid. Finite element analysis is also used to examine the magnetic field distribution in the solenoid. In order to verify the theoretical findings, experimental testing is conducted to acquire the magnetic field distribution in a sample solenoid. Results from analytical solution, finite element analysis and experimental testing agree very well. ...

Guan, G, Warkiani, ME, Luan, KB, Lim, CT, Chen, PCY & Han, J 1970, 'High throughput circulating tumor cell isolation using trapezoidal inertial microfluidics', 17th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2013, pp. 23-25.
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A novel Dean coupled inertial microfluidic device with trapezoidal cross-section spiral channel for ultra-fast, label- free enrichment of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from clinically relevant blood volumes is reported in this work. Using this single spiral microchannel with one inlet and two outlets, we have successfully isolated and recovered more than 80% of cancer cell line cells spiked in 7.5 mL of blood within 8 min with high purity. Putative CTCs were detected and isolated from 100% patient samples with advanced stage metastatic breast and lung cancer using standard biomarkers. DNA fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) was also carried out to evaluate HER2 status in CTCs isolated from patient samples. Copyright © (2013) by the Chemical and Biological Microsystems Society All rights reserved.

Guo, T & Zhu, X 1970, 'Understanding the roles of sub-graph features for graph classification', Proceedings of the 22nd ACM international conference on Conference on information & knowledge management - CIKM '13, the 22nd ACM international conference, ACM Press, San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 817-822.
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Graph classification concerns the learning of discriminative models, from structured training data, to classify previously unseen graph samples into specific categories, where the main challenge is to explore structural information in the training data to build classifiers. One of the most common graph classification approaches is to use sub-graph features to convert graphs into instance-feature representations, so generic learning algorithms can be applied to derive learning models. Finding good sub-graph features is regarded as an important task for this type of learning approaches, despite that there is no comprehensive understanding on (1) how effective subgraph features can be used for graph classification? (2) how many sub-graph features are sufficient for good classification results? (3) does the length of the sub-graph features play major roles for classification? and (4) whether some random sub-graphs can be used for graph representation and classification? Motivated by the above concerns, we carry out empirical studies on four real-world graph classification tasks, by using three types of sub-graph features, including frequent sub-graphs, frequent subgraph selected by using information gain, and random sub-graphs, and by using two types of learning algorithms including Support Vector Machines and Nearest Neighbour. Our experiments show that (1) the discriminative power of sub-graphs varies by their sizes; (2) random sub-graphs have a reasonably good performance; (3) number of sub-graphs is important to ensure good performance; and (4) increasing number of sub-graphs reduces the difference between classifiers built from different sub-graphs. Our studies provide a practical guidance for designing effective sub-graph based graph classification methods. Copyright 2013 ACM.

Guo, T, Chi, L & Zhu, X 1970, 'Graph hashing and factorization for fast graph stream classification', Proceedings of the 22nd ACM international conference on Conference on information & knowledge management - CIKM '13, the 22nd ACM international conference, ACM Press, San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 1607-1612.
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Graph stream classification concerns building learning models from continuously growing graph data, in which an essential step is to explore subgraph features to represent graphs for effective learning and classification. When representing a graph using subgraph features, all existing methods employ coarse-grained feature representation, which only considers whether or not a subgraph feature appears in the graph. In this paper, we propose a fine-grained graph factorization approach for Fast Graph Stream Classification (FGSC). Our main idea is to find a set of cliques as feature base to represent each graph as a linear combination of the base cliques. To achieve this goal, we decompose each graph into a number of cliques and select discriminative cliques to generate a transfer matrix called Clique Set Matrix (M). By using M as the base for formulating graph factorization, each graph is represented in a vector space with each element denoting the degree of the corresponding subgraph feature related to the graph, so existing supervised learning algorithms can be applied to derive learning models for graph classification. Copyright 2013 ACM.

Guo, Y, Naik, GR & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Single channel blind source separation based local mean decomposition for Biomedical applications.', EMBC, International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Osaka, Japan, pp. 6812-6815.
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Single Channel Blind Source Separation (SCBSS) is an extreme case of underdetermined (more sources and fewer sensors) Blind Source Separation (BSS) problem. In this paper, we propose a novel technique using Local Mean Decomposition (LMD) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) combined with single channel BSS (LMD_ICA). First, the LMD was used to decompose the single channel source into a series of data sequences, which are called as Product Functions (PF), then, ICA algorithm was used to process PFs to get similar independent components and extract the original signals. A comparison was made between LMD_ICA and previously proposed single channel ICA method (EEMD_ICA). The real time experimental results demonstrated the advantage of the proposed single channel source separation method for artifact removal and in biomedical source separation applications.

Guo, YG, Jin, JX, Zhu, JG & Lu, HY 1970, 'Performance Analysis of a Linear Motor with HTS Bulk Magnets for Driving a Prototype HTS Maglev Vehicle', Applied Mechanics and Materials, Linear Drives for Industry Applications, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Hangzhou, China, pp. 33-37.
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This paper presents the performance analysis of a linear synchronous motor which employs high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk magnets on the mover and normal copper windings on the stator. The linear motor is designed to drive a prototype HTS maglev vehicle in which the mover is suspended by the levitation force between HTS bulks on the mover and permanent magnets on the ground. Finite element magnetic field analysis is conducted to calculate the major parameters of the linear motor and an equation is derived to calculate the electromagnetic thrust force. Theoretical calculations are verified by the measured results on the prototype.

Guo, YG, Zeng, JB, Zhu, JG, Lu, HY & Jin, JX 1970, 'B-H relations of magnetorheological fluid under 2-D rotating magnetic field excitation', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Biejing, China, pp. 94-97.
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This paper presents the investigation of the B-H relations of a magnetorheological (MR) fluid under one-dimensional (1-D) alternating and two-dimensional (2-D) rotating magnetic field excitations where B is magnetic flux density and H is magnetic field strength. The measurement is carried out by using a single sheet tester with an MR fluid sample. The measurement principle and structure of the testing system are described. The calibration of the B and H sensing coils are also reported. The relations between B and H on the MR fluid sample under 2-D rotating magnetic field excitations have been measured and compared with the results under 1-D excitations showing that the B-H relations under 2-D excitations are significantly different from the 1-D case. These data would be useful for design and analysis of MR smart structures like MR dampers. © 2013 IEEE.

Guo, YJ & Gomez-Tornero, JL 1970, 'Reconfigurable Fabry-P&#x00E9;rot Leaky-Wave Antennas', 2013 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), 2013 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), IEEE, Karlsruhe, Germany, pp. 390-393.
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Beam scanning is an inherent property of Leaky-Wave Antennas (LWAs). It is usually achieved by sweeping the operating frequency. For wireless communications, however, it is necessary for the antenna to operate at a fixed frequency while scanning. With one dimensional LWAs, this can be done by electronically reconfiguring the leaky-line boundary condition. By altering the leaky-mode complex propagation constant, one can produce a desired scanning beam. To this end, a number of ideas have been investigated and reported in recent years, including the use of PIN diodes and photosensitive switches. The most used active device for electronically controlling 1D LWAs in microwave frequencies is the varactor diode, which has been applied to a multitude of leaky lines such as the slotline, the coplanar waveguide, the microstrip log-periodic line, the half-mode microstrip line , and the half-mode substrate-integrated waveguide. © 2013 IEEE.

Guo, YJ, Qin, P-Y, Bird, TS & IEEE 1970, 'Reconfigurable Antennas for Wireless Communications', 2013 7TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP), European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, Gothenburg, Sweden, pp. 165-168.
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An overview of CSIRO's research on frequency, polarization and pattern reconfigurable antennas for wireless communications is presented. We report the latest progress in antennas that can reconfigure several characteristics simultaneously as well as reconfigurable leaky-wave antennas.

Guo-Li Zhang & Hua Zuo 1970, 'Solution analysis of multi-objective programming problem', 2013 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2013 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC), IEEE.
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Gupta, A, Kayal, N & Qiao, Y 1970, 'Random Arithmetic Formulas Can Be Reconstructed Efficiently', 2013 IEEE Conference on Computational Complexity, 2013 IEEE Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC), IEEE, Palo Alto, CA, pp. 1-9.
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Gürtler, MR & Lindemann, U 1970, 'Situative open innovation - A model for selecting the right external actors and involving them in an efficient way', Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED, 19th International Conference on Engineering Design 2013 (ICED13), Seoul, pp. 259-268.
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Open Innovation describes the opening of companies' innovation process towards their environment (e.g. customers, suppliers, even competitors). Besides other benefits described in literature, companies profit by more radical innovations, shorter time-to-market and better satisfaction of customers' needs. In the context of an explorative interview study with several German large enterprises from different industries we surveyed the application and the transfer of Open Innovation from research into practice, regarding benefits and potential impediments. Besides the overall positive experience of companies using Open Innovation, the majority of them stated that it is still a big challenge to select and involve the right extern actors, fitting to the specific company's situation/condition and issue, as well as to select an appropriate way of involvement. To fulfill this demand, the paper presents a guideline methodology for selecting the right external actors for a specific company's situation and issue, and for selecting the right method for involvement. The concept combines Open Innovation with elements from Requirements Engineering and stakeholder analysis into a holistic approach.

Gürtler, MR & Lindemann, U 1970, 'Using boolean operators for modeling complex logical dependencies in matrices', 15th International Dependency and Structure Modelling Conference, DSM 2013, 15th International Dependency and Structure Modelling Conference (DSM), CARL HANSER VERLAG, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 117-123.
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The success of Open Innovation mainly depends on the right choice of external partners and the right way to integrate them into the company's innovation process. Situative Open Innovation supports companies by analyzing their specific situation, suitable external actors and deriving efficient Open Innovation methods. Due to various inter-dependencies between the key-criteria for determining the situation, actors and methods an appropriate notation is necessary to depict the inherent logical connections. This paper presents a matrix-based approach using Boolean operators to model these inter-dependencies. The approach combines a numerical encoding of Boolean operator types and a path domain for depicting distinct dependencies.

Gürtler, MR & Lindemann, U 1970, 'Using Boolean operators for modeling complex logical dependencies in matrices', Reducing Risk in Innovation - Proceedings of the 15th International Dependency and Structure Modelling Conference, DSM 2013, pp. 117-123.
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The success of Open Innovation mainly depends on the right choice of external partners and the right way to integrate them into the company's innovation process. Situative Open Innovation supports companies by analyzing their specific situation, suitable external actors and deriving efficient Open Innovation methods. Due to various inter-dependencies between the key-criteria for determining the situation, actors and methods an appropriate notation is necessary to depict the inherent logical connections. This paper presents a matrix-based approach using Boolean operators to model these inter-dependencies. The approach combines a numerical encoding of Boolean operator types and a path domain for depicting distinct dependencies.

Gürtler, MR, Kain, A & Lindemann, U 1970, 'Bridging the Gap: From Open Innovation to an Open Product-Life-Cycle by Using Open-X Methodologies', ICoRD’13, Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, International Conference on Research into Design ICoRD'13, Springer India, Chennai, pp. 1331-1343.
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Open-X methodologies describe the application of Open Innovation to different stages of the Product-Life-Cycle (PLC). Open Innovation deals with involving external players in a company’s innovation process. Those can provide ideas from any stage of the PLC, such as lead users in the development stage or product-users in the utilization stage. These ideas themselves can initiate innovations in any PLC stage. However, this typically affects the development of new products. This means that ideas collected are incorporated into early PLC stages only. There is significant potential in using ideas not only for early stages but also for later stages, which means for existing products. Open-Utilization, as one form of the Open-X methodologies, can create innovations in the form of upgrades or new services for a product. Because respective PLC stages are not equally suitable for Open-X methodologies, this paper presents an assessment concept for evaluating each PLC stage regarding their Open-X capabilities and possible constraints. To illustrate the utility of the assessment concept, this paper identifies two PLC stages which demonstrate exemplary capacity for Open-X methodologies.

Guzman-Quiros, R, Gomez-Tornero, JL, Garcia-Vigueras, M, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Advances in electronically reconfigurable LWAs in Fabry-Pérot and SIW technologies', 2013 7th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2013, pp. 2001-2005.
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This paper gives an overview of our most recent research results on reconfigurable leaky-wave antennas (LWAs), which have been developed at Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (Spain) and CSIRO ICT Centre (Australia). Fabry-Pérot and Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technologies are studied to propose new reconfigurable leaky-wave topologies for beamforming applications. © 2013 EurAAP.

Hagelstein, B, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, D, Safaei, F & IEEE 1970, 'A General Performance Model for MAC Layer Cooperative Retransmission Contention Protocols', 2013 IEEE GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM), IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE, Atlanta, USA, pp. 1584-1589.
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Cooperative retransmission schemes can significantly improve transmission reliability and performance over high loss and time-varying links. However, analytically comparing performance between retransmission strategies is challenging and generally requires simplistic assumptions. This paper presents a general model for the performance of distributed, slot-based contention algorithms for opportunistic decode and forward retransmission algorithms. The model is independent of specific modulation or coding schemes and may be adapted to suit statebased transmission probability models. The model is validated through QualNet simulations.

Haibo Zhou, Bo Liu, Luan, TH, Fen Hou, Lin Gui, Ying Li & Xuemin Shen 1970, 'Throughput evaluation for cooperative drive-thru Internet using microscopic mobility model', 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2013), IEEE, Atlanta, GA, pp. 371-376.
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Han, Z, Safavi-Naeini, M, Petasecca, M, Cutajar, D, Lerch, M, Franklin, DR, Jakubek, J, Zemlicka, J, Pospisil, S, Bucci, JA, Zaider, M, Rosenfeld, AB & IEEE 1970, 'Brachyview: An in-body imaging system for real-time QA in HDR prostate brachytherapy', 2013 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC), IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, IEEE, Seoul, South Korea.
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A transrectal real-time source tracking system, BrachyView, is developed by Centre for Medical Radiation Physics at University of Wollongong for treatment quality control during the high dose rate prostate brachytherapy procedure (HDR-PBT). The probe consists of a 15 × 60 mm 2 pixellated silicon detector (four Timepix detectors) encased in a cylindrical seven pinhole tungsten collimator. The source position is determined by back-projecting the source projection images through the collimator pinholes. A prototype BrachyView probe consisting of a single Timepix detector (15 × 15 mm 2 ) and a planar seven pinhole collimator is evaluated in this paper. The source position can be estimated with a maximum error of 0.2 mm on the detector plane, which translates into a maximum error of 1.42 mm within the prostate volume. This result is in good agreement with the results obtained in previously published simulation studies. © 2013 IEEE.

Handojoseno, AMA, Shine, JM, Nguyen, TN, Tran, Y, Lewis, SJG & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Using EEG spatial correlation, cross frequency energy, and wavelet coefficients for the prediction of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease patients', 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, Osaka, Japan, pp. 4263-4266.
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Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients with Freezing of Gait (FOG) often experience sudden and unpredictable failure in their ability to start or continue walking, making it potentially a dangerous symptom. Emerging knowledge about brain connectivity is leading to new insights into the pathophysiology of FOG and has suggested that electroencephalogram (EEG) may offer a novel technique for understanding and predicting FOG. In this study we have integrated spatial, spectral, and temporal features of the EEG signals utilizing wavelet coefficients as our input for the Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network and k-Nearest Neighbor classifier. This approach allowed us to predict transition from walking to freezing with 87 % sensitivity and 73 % accuracy. This preliminary data affirms the functional breakdown between areas in the brain during FOG and suggests that EEG offers potential as a therapeutic strategy in advanced PD. © 2013 IEEE.

Hao, L, Jiang, Z, Wei, D & Chen, X 1970, 'Finite element analysis of roll bit behaviors in cold foil rolling process', AIP Conference Proceedings, THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUMERICAL METHODS IN INDUSTRIAL FORMING PROCESSES: NUMIFORM 2013, AIP, Shenyang, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 478-483.
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To investigate roll bite behaviors in cold foil rolling process, a 2D elasto-plastic finite model is established using FEM software ABAQUS. Contact pressure distribution and roll contour in roll bite are also presented, which demonstrate that foil rolling process is different from conventional strip rolling process. The contact area is composed of entry elastic zone, entry plastic zone, an extensive neutral zone, exit plastic zone and exit elastic zone. It conforms to the results of Fleck foil rolling theory. Elastic deformation and work hardening of foil in roll bite are taken into account. The effect of rolling parameters, such as friction coefficient, entry thickness and reduction rate on distribution of contact pressure and vertical displacement are also discussed.

Hasan, MA, Xu, M & He, X 1970, 'A Comprehensive Approach to Automatic Image Browsing for Small Display Devices', The Era of Interactive Media - Pacific-Rim Conference on Multimedia, Pacific-Rim Conference on Multimedia, Springer New York, Sydney, Australia, pp. 267-276.
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© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. All rights reserved. Recently, small displays are widely used to browse digital images. While using a small display device, the content of the image appears very small. Users have to use manual zooming and panning in order to see the detail of the image on a small display. Hence, an automatic image browsing solution is desired for user convenience. In this chapter, a novel comprehensive and efficient system is proposed to browse high resolution images using small display devices by automatically panning and zooming on Region-of-Interests (ROIs). The challenge is to provide a better user experience on heterogeneous small display sizes. First of all, an input image is classified into one of the three different classes: close-up, landscape and other. Then the ROIs of image are extracted. Finally, ROIs are browsed based on different intuitive and study based strategies. Our proposed system is evaluated by subjective test. Experimental results indicate that the proposed system is an effective large image displaying technique on small display devices.

Hassan, MH & Kalam, MA 1970, 'An Overview of Biofuel as a Renewable Energy Source: Development and Challenges', Procedia Engineering, Elsevier BV, pp. 39-53.
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Hassan, MZ, Hossain, MJ, Cheng, J & IEEE 1970, 'Performance of MIMO Adaptive Subcarrier QAM Intensity Modulation in Gamma-Gamma Turbulence', 2013 13TH CANADIAN WORKSHOP ON INFORMATION THEORY (CWIT), 13th Canadian Workshop on Information Theory (CWIT), IEEE, Toronto, CANADA, pp. 195-199.

Hassani Esgandani, M, Vessalas, K, Baweja, D & Schmidt, Z 1970, 'Assessment of watertight concrete and role of chemical admixtures', Concrete Institute of Australias Biennial National Conference 2013, Concrete Institute of Australia - Biennial Conference, Concrete Institute of Australia¿s, Gold Coast, Australia.

Hausen, D, Bakker, S, van den Hoven, E, Butz, A & Eggen, B 1970, 'Peripheral Interaction: Embedding HCI in Everyday Life', HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION - INTERACT 2013, PT IV, International Federation for Information Processing Technical Committee 13 on Human-Computer Interaction, Springer, Capetown, South Africa, pp. 782-782.
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The comparison of actions in the physical world with actions on interactive devices reveals a remarkable difference. In daily life we easily perform several tasks in parallel, for example when drinking coffee while reading, drinking may be in the periphery of the attention. Contrarily, we usually have to focus our attention on each digital device we interact with. In recent years, the concept of interacting with computing technology in the background or periphery of the users attention is gaining traction. We call this direction Peripheral Interaction, and see it as a very promising approach to fluently embedding the increasing number of interactive devices into our everyday lives. The workshop is intended to encourage hands-on explorations and discussion about the definition of Peripheral Interaction, its design space and suitable evaluation strategies. Albrecht Schmidt will give a keynote, entitled Creating Seamless transitions between Central and Peripheral User Interfaces. While the term Peripheral Interaction is not (yet) widely adopted, several design disciplines already address different aspects of the core ideas of Peripheral Interaction (e.g. ambient information systems, ubiquitous computing, implicit interaction, eyes-free interaction, calm technology). We want to sharpen the focus for Peripheral Interaction by offering a platform for exchange of knowledge and community building to establish a network around Peripheral Interaction for further collaboration. This workshop invites researchers and practitioners from different disciplines (e.g. computer science, interaction design, interactive arts, psychology, cognitive science, product design and social science), to share their experiences with human-computer interaction for the everyday routine, and aims to lay the foundations for a structured exploration of the new interaction paradigm of Peripheral Interaction. More information about the workshop is available at the workshops website www.peripheralinte...

Hawryszkiewycz, I 1970, 'A System of Systems Approach to Managing Emergence in Complex Environments', IFIP WG 8.6 International Working Conference on Transfer and Diffusion of IT, Grand Successes and Failures in IT, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Bangalore, India, pp. 587-595.
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Collaboration now plays an important role in many organizations. Many organizations often see collaboration as a given and provide a myriad of communication tools ranging from e-mail through workspaces to video conferencing. Assumptions are then made that these tools will be used in a productive manner. However, there are now many example of where goals are not achieved through ad-hoc use of technologies as collaboration is often not aligned to business practice, especially to changing business practices. This paper calls for an approach to align technology use to the enterprise practices. The paper models enterprises as a system of systems where systems are closely integrated through collaborative spaces. These spaces change during system change. The paper provides a set of concepts to describe a system of system and shows how this can be used to align collaboration to the emerging business relationships. The proposed concepts, in contrast to existing methods, place greater emphasis on social structures. They support the idea of a collaborative architecture, which defines the alignment of social collaborative arrangements to business activities through the creation or rearrangement of collaborative spaces. The goal is to get away from traditional approaches in choosing the best pattern based on history, but to encourage design thinking through experimentation at the business structure level. The paper then describes the kinds of tools needed to support modelling based on these concepts.

Hawryszkiewycz, I 1970, 'Architectures for Evolving System of Systems in Complex Environments', Building Sustainable Information Systems, International Conference on Information Systems Development, Springer US, USA, pp. 193-204.
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Design methods for managing a system of systems go beyond optimizing one system but must provide ways to sustain relationships between systems in com-plex environments. Design methods must provide holistic solutions by creating an architecture to enable systems work together towards a vision that encompasses a wider goal in complex environment. Complex environments place a number of new requirements on system architectures. They are characterized by continuous emergence, the need to maintain system integration as systems change and support creativity and innovation. What is needed are design methods emphasize flexibility at the business level. Flexibility in this case refers to ways that systems can adapt to change while maintaining collaboration between systems. This paper describes ways of using living systems theory as a guideline for an architectural framework for a system of systems. The paper shows how the architecture pro-vides a structure to dynamically create collaborative environments for systems and how the architecture evolves and suggest structures needed to maintain sustainable collaboration. This paper shows how the architecture can be used to support continuous adaption to changing requirements and identifies ways in which living systems theory can be used to provide guidelines for emergence.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Designing Communities for Large-Scale Sustainable Collaboration', Reflections, Challenges and New Directions: 20th International Conference on Information Systems Development (ISD2011), International Conference on Information Systems Development, Springer New York, Edinburgh, Scotland, pp. 103-113.
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The paper introduces the trend to community based work now increasingly found in business and government applications. Such applications are increasingly complex because of their continuing need to adapt to a changing environment. The paper proposes that one way to manage complexity is to focus on relationships and provide ways to systematically manage change by managing the impact of change to one relationship on others. The perspectives improve understanding of the system by identifying the need for change from one perspective and seeing the impact on others. Change can then be initiated from any perspective using a model based on that perspective. The impact of the change can then be seen through the relationship of the change in one perspective on relationships throughout the system. It then proposes an open modeling approach to model relationships from different perspectives including activity, social structure, knowledge and organization and allows users to focus on the perspective using one model and trace its impact on other models.

He, T, Wang, X & Ni, W 1970, 'Optimal chunk-based resource allocation for OFDMA systems with multiple BER requirements', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, Vancouver, CANADA, pp. 4774-4778.
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Heitor, A, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Indraratna, B 1970, 'Behaviour of a compacted silty sand under constant water content shearing', 18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering: Challenges and Innovations in Geotechnics, ICSMGE 2013, pp. 1007-1010.
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The structure derived from compacting the soil at different water contents and energy levels can have a substantial effect on its shear strength. While the shear strength with varying suction can be estimated based on the saturated shear strength parameters and the unsaturated angle of shearing resistance (b), limited studies have explored the variation of shear strength properties with different compaction states. In this paper, the shear strength of a silty sand soil was investigated using a conventional direct shear box under constant water content condition. The tests were conducted on specimens prepared by Proctor compaction with three different normal pressures. The shear strength parameters were obtained and modelled in terms of ultimate states.

Hesamian, MH, Mashohor, S, Saripan, MI & Wan Adnan, WA 1970, 'Scene illumination classification using illumination histogram analysis and neural network', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE), IEEE, pp. 290-295.
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This study proposed a classification method to classify the considered image in the most similar illumination cluster rather than estimating an illumination value. This method categorizes the images based on inherent illumination data of scene and statistical features extracted from illumination histogram of image. It has advantages of high accuracy and flexibility of defining the classes. A trained neural network is taken into account in order to classify the image into predefined groups. Finally, for performance and accuracy evaluation we use misclassification error percentages and Mean Square Error (MSE). © 2013 IEEE.

Hess, A, Jung, J, Maier, A, Taib, R, Yu, K & Itzstein, B 1970, 'Elicitation of mental states and user experience factors in a driving simulator', 2013 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 2013 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), IEEE, pp. 43-48.
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It has been previously established that high cognitive load influences driving performance, but is the driver's perception of their experience while driving also influenced by cognitive load? To our knowledge, little evaluation has taken place regarding the investigation of such an effect of cognitive load on user experience, especially in the automotive domain. This paper introduces motivation and background of our current research on real-time monitoring of drivers' mental states aiming to explore the previously mentioned relations between mental states and UX in a driving simulator environment. Furthermore, the paper presents initial ideas of task designs that are targeted to elicit and induce mental states like cognitive load and selected user experience factors we consider being interesting in the automotive domain and that we aim to discuss with other researchers and practitioners in the workshop. © 2013 IEEE.

Hess, A, Jung, J, Maier, A, Taib, R, Yu, K & Itzstein, B 1970, 'Elicitation of mental states and user experience factors in a driving simulator', 2013 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Workshops (IV Workshops), 2013 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Workshops (IV Workshops), IEEE, pp. 43-48.
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It has been previously established that high cognitive load influences driving performance, but is the driver's perception of their experience while driving also influenced by cognitive load? To our knowledge, little evaluation has taken place regarding the investigation of such an effect of cognitive load on user experience, especially in the automotive domain. This paper introduces motivation and background of our current research on real-time monitoring of drivers' mental states aiming to explore the previously mentioned relations between mental states and UX in a driving simulator environment. Furthermore, the paper presents initial ideas of task designs that are targeted to elicit and induce mental states like cognitive load and selected user experience factors we consider being interesting in the automotive domain and that we aim to discuss with other researchers and practitioners in the workshop. © 2013 IEEE.

Hikiyama, Y, Tsutsui, H & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'MIMO propagation scenario discrimination for adaptive wireless communication systems', 2013 13th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2013 13th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE.
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Ho, H, Fatahi, B & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'Exact Solution to Predict Excess Pore Pressures and Settlement of Unsaturated Soil Deposit due to Uniform Loading', GEO Montreal 2013, GeoMontreal, Canadian Geotechnical Society, Hilton Bonaventure Montreal Hotel, pp. 1-6.
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This paper explains a simple yet precise analytical solution for the nonlinear governing equations for one-dimensional (1D) consolidation of an unsaturated soil deposit using eigenfunction expansions and Laplace transform techniques. The mathematical development adopts two-way drainage condition for the unsaturated soil, in which the permeable top and base boundaries allow free dissipation of pore-air and pore-water pressures under uniform loading. Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues are parts of the general solution and can be obtained based on the proposed drainage boundary condition. Furthermore, uniformly distributed initial pore pressures can be used to determine the initial generalised Fourier coefficients. Besides, Laplace transform method is adopted to solve the first-order differential equations. Once the equations with transformed domain are obtained, the final solutions, which are proposed to be functions of time (t) and depth (z), can be achieved by taking an inverse Laplace transform. A worked example is provided to present the consolidation characteristics of unsaturated soils based on the proposed solution. Significance of air permeability to water permeability ratio on the excess pore water and air pressure dissipation rates is investigated and discussed.

Hoang, DB & Kamyabpour, N 1970, 'Energy-constrained paths for optimization of energy consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks', 2013 FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKING AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING (ICNDC), International Conference on Networking and Distributed Computing, IEEE, Los Angeles, CA, pp. 9-13.
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A sensor spends a large part of its energy in transmitting its data and relay its neighbours' data. The overall lifetime of a wireless sensor network depends strongly on how a sensor selects its relaying neighbours and the data path to the destination. One critical problem is that if a sensor has to support too many neighbours, its energy is exhausted rapidly and may bring down the whole network. This paper suggests algorithms for assigning weights to links between neighbours taking into account the number of neighbours who rely on them to relay traffic to the destination. In order to do so, the paper also proposes an algorithm for constructing node connectivity based on sensors position within the broadcast range of another sensor, and a shortest energy-constrained path from a sensor to the destination.

Hoang, DB, Phung, MH & Lawrence, E 1970, 'A collaborative task planning and development environment on the Cloud/Grid', 2013 19th IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON), 2013 19th IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON), IEEE, Singapore, pp. 1-6.
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A Grid system is a promising solution for sharing distributed resources of registered participants to perform tasks whose demands may exceed the capacity of individual participating organization. However, the collaborative aspect of Grids is still underdeveloped as they lack features and mechanisms for human interaction and collaboration. This paper presents a prototype system for collaborative task planning and workflow development over a Grid implemented as a Rich Internet Application. It allows the participants to design their joint workflow interactively and collaboratively in a high level graphical notation. The resulting workflow can be automatically translated into Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) for testing and execution with a few clicks and forms the basis for further refinement and collaboration. This collaborative workflow design application is part of our larger Active Assistive Cloud/Grid infrastructure. © 2013 IEEE.

Hoang, DB, Phung, MH, Lawrence, E & IEEE 1970, 'A Collaborative Task Planning and Development Environment on the Cloud/Grid', 2013 19TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKS (ICON), IEEE International Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructures for Collaborative Enterprises, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., Larissa, Greece, pp. 266-271.
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Grid system is a promising solution for sharing distributed resources of registered participants to perform tasks whose demands may exceed the capacity of individual participating organization. However, the collaborative aspect of Grids is still underdeveloped as they lack features and mechanisms for human interaction and collaboration. This paper presents the design and development of a prototype integrated environment for collaborative task planning and workflow development over a Grid. It allows the participants to design their joint workplan interactively and collaboratively in a high level graphical notation. The resulting workplan can be translated into Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) for testing and execution in the Grid and forms the basis for further refinement and collaboration. This collaborative Grid environment is a part of our larger Active Assistive Grid infrastructure. © 2010 IEEE.

Hokmabadi, AS, Fatahi, B & Samali, B 1970, 'Seismic response of superstructure on soft soil considering soil-pile-structure interaction', 18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering: Challenges and Innovations in Geotechnics, ICSMGE 2013, International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Presses des Ponts, Paris, France, pp. 547-550.
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This paper presents results of shaking table tests and three dimensional numerical simulations to investigate the influence of Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction (SPSI) on the seismic response of mid-rise moment resiting buildings supported by end-bearing pile foundations. Three different cases have been considered, namely: (i) fixed-base structure representing the situation excluding the soil-structure interaction; (ii) structure supported by shallow foundation on soft soil; and (iii) structure supported by end-bearing pile foundation in soft soil. Comparison of the numerical predictions and the experimental data shows a good agreement confirming the reliability of the numerical model. Both experimental and numerical results indicate that soil-structure interaction induces significant increase in the lateral deflections and inter-storey drifts of the structures on both shallow and end-bearing pile foundations in comparison to the fixed base structures. This increase in the lateral deformations and in turn inter-storey drifts can change the performance level of the structure during earthquakes which may be safety threatening.

Holland, BE, Brain, T & Mohamed Mowjoon, D 1970, 'Running before you can walk: creating blended learning in collaborative spaces', Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education - AAEE2013, AAEE - Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Australasian Association for Engineering Education Conference (24th: 2013), Crowne Plaza Hotel, Gold Coast, Queensland, pp. 1-10.
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Many universities across Australia are undertaking significant works to upgrade online and face-to-face teaching technologies and campus environments. The University of Technology, Sydney is one of these institutions and, in 2014, the faculty of engineering and IT will occupy a new complex featuring a range of interactive and collaborative learning spaces. There is a growing body of literature evaluating the delivery of courses using online learning environments and collaborative learning spaces (eg Radcliffe et al, 2009, Rasmussen et al 2012). This paper introduces the review of a senior engineering subject delivered in intensive Block mode sessions as a case study for analysing student engagement and experience of interaction using new collaborative learning spaces. Through a post delivery review of the subject this paper assesses and evaluates the learning experience of students in a block mode subject delivered in new collaborative spaces. It analyses findings from two surveys across a range of indicators. Post delivery review of the use of pilot spaces and the quality of student experience of them in combination with new approaches integrated with the online learning environment, can support and inform the transition to wider use of these spaces and innovation in teaching approaches in engineering. This is no small project in a field which has been characterised by an intensive lecture-based model of teaching and learning and so stakeholders need to be `enrolled in its objectives and how they can be aligned with their priorities, and development resourced to ensure success.

Homayounfard, H, Kennedy, PJ & Braun, R 1970, 'NARGES: Prediction Model for Informed Routing in a Communications Network', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 327-338.
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There is a dependency between packet-loss and the delay and jitter time-series derived from a telecommunication link. Multimedia applications such as Voice over IP (VoIP) are sensitive to loss and packet recovery is not a merely efficient solution with the increasing number of Internet users. Predicting packet-loss from network dynamics of past transmissions is crucial to inform the next generation of routers in making smart decisions. This paper proposes a hybrid data mining model for routing management in a communications network, called NARGES. The proposed model is designed and implemented for predicting packet-loss based on the forecasted delays and jitters. The model consists of two parts: a historical symbolic time-series approximation module, called HDAX, and a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). It is validated with heterogeneous quality of service (QoS) datasets, namely delay, jitter and packet-loss time-series. The results show improved precision and quality of prediction compared to autoregressive moving average, ARMA.

Hongming Hu, Jianguo Zhu & Youguang Guo 1970, 'An improved direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous machine', 2013 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2013 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Busan, Korea, pp. 1483-1487.
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An improved direct torque control (IDTC) method is studied in the paper for permanent magnet synchronous machine drive. Conventional direct torque control (CDTC) features a high dynamic response with notable drawbacks such as high torque and flux ripples, variable switching frequency along with acoustic noise. To avoid the shortcoming, an improved method is employed to control the combination of flux and torque. Simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes in this paper.

Hongming Hu, Jianguo Zhu & Youguang Guo 1970, 'Model predictive control of permanent magnet synchronous machine with reduced torque ripple', 2013 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2013 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Busan, Korea, pp. 1478-1482.
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The conventional direct torque control (DTC) method features fast dynamic response, but it also has notable drawbacks such as high torque and flux ripples, variable switching frequency and acoustic noise. The proposed DTC scheme based on model predictive control (MPC) is studied in the paper for permanent magnet synchronous machine drive. The paper aims to reduce the torque and flux ripple. Firstly one- and two-step delay MPC methods are employed with or without the torque/flux and switching frequency compensation. Furthermore linear extrapolations N-step delay MPC method is taken into account. Compared to simulation results, the two-step delay DTC scheme is better than the one-step scheme in the steady response and dynamic performance, at the same time the torque and frequency compensations can reduce switching frequency from high value to a low constant one. Simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes in this paper

Hossain, MJ, Lu, J, Mahmud, MA, Mithulanthan, N & Pota, HR 1970, 'Dynamic interactions of PV units in low volatge distribution systems', 2013 IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), 2013 IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA 2013), IEEE, Swinburne Univ Technol, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 495-500.
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Howsawi, EM, Eager, DM, Bagia, R & Niebecker, KD 1970, 'Using video data in project management research', Australian Institute of Project Management (AIPM) National Conference 2013, Australian Institute of Project Management National Conference 2013, Australian Institute of Project Management, Perth, Australia, pp. 1-10.
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In project management research, on site engagement is acknowledged as being good practice for gaining primary data and understanding the context of the projects being studied. However, it is not possible for researchers to be on site for every project they intend to research because projects can be difficult to access, or may be secret during the execution phase, or simply may have been completed a long time ago. Reading the project documents will provide a substantial amount of information, but there is always more to any project than written data alone, as project practitioners are well aware. Advances in technology since the beginning of the 20 th century enable the filming of project works and perhaps the main benefit of that filming is to document the process for documentary production. Since the camera can capture a wealth of detail and rich complexity that it is impossible or very difficult to capture by other means, and since the eye and ear can acquire a great deal of information that it is practically impossible to write down simultaneously, can the use of such video data be beneficial in project management research? This paper reports the experience of the authors in using video data in such research. More than 250 hours of video data have been examined in researching British aviation projects during the period of the Second World War. The benefits of, and guidance for, using video data are presented, as well as cautions about what may affect the successful use of video data

Hu, G, Khosoussi, K & Shoudong Huang 1970, 'Towards a reliable SLAM back-end', 2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2013), IEEE, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 37-43.
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In the state-of-the-art approaches to SLAM, the problem is often formulated as a non-linear least squares. SLAM back-ends often employ iterative methods such as Gauss-Newton or Levenberg-Marquardt to solve that problem. In general, there is no guarantee on the global convergence of these methods. The back-end might get trapped into a local minimum or even diverge depending on how good the initial estimate is. Due to the large noise in odometry data, it is not wise to rely on dead reckoning for obtaining an initial guess, especially in long trajectories. In this paper we demonstrate how M-estimation can be used as a bootstrapping technique to obtain a reliable initial guess. We show that this initial guess is more likely to be in the basin of attraction of the global minimum than existing bootstrapping methods. As the main contribution of this paper, we present new insights about the similarities between robustness against outliers and robustness against a bad initial guess. Through simulations and experiments on real data, we substantiate the reliability of our proposed method. © 2013 IEEE.

Hu, L, Cao, J, Xu, G, Cao, L, Gu, Z & Zhu, C 1970, 'Personalized recommendation via cross-domain triadic factorization', Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on World Wide Web, WWW '13: 22nd International World Wide Web Conference, ACM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, pp. 595-605.
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Collaborative filtering (CF) is a major technique in recommender systems to help users find their potentially desired items. Since the data sparsity problem is quite commonly encountered in real-world scenarios, Cross-Domain Collaborative Filtering (CDCF) hence is becoming an emerging research topic in recent years. However, due to the lack of sufficient dense explicit feedbacks and even no feedback available in users' uninvolved domains, current CDCF approaches may not perform satisfactorily in user preference prediction. In this paper, we propose a generalized Cross Domain Triadic Factorization (CDTF) model over the triadic relation user-item-domain, which can better capture the interactions between domain-specific user factors and item factors. In particular, we devise two CDTF algorithms to leverage user explicit and implicit feedbacks respectively, along with a genetic algorithm based weight parameters tuning algorithm to trade off influence among domains optimally. Finally, we conduct experiments to evaluate our models and compare with other state-of-the-art models by using two real world datasets. The results show the superiority of our models against other comparative models. Copyright is held by the International World Wide Web Conference Committee (IW3C2).

Hu, L, Cao, J, Xu, G, Wang, J, Gu, Z & Cao, L 1970, 'Cross-domain collaborative filtering via bilinear multilevel analysis', IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI/AAAI, Beijing, China, pp. 2626-2632.
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Cross-domain collaborative filtering (CDCF), which aims to leverage data from multiple domains to relieve the data sparsity issue, is becoming an emerging research topic in recent years. However, current CDCF methods that mainly consider user and item factors but largely neglect the heterogeneity of domains may lead to improper knowledge transfer issues. To address this problem, we propose a novel CDCF model, the Bilinear Multilevel Analysis (BLMA), which seamlessly introduces multilevel analysis theory to the most successful collaborative filtering method, matrix factorization (MF). Specifically, we employ BLMA to more efficiently address the determinants of ratings from a hierarchical view by jointly considering domain, community, and user effects so as to overcome the issues caused by traditional MF approaches. Moreover, a parallel Gibbs sampler is provided to learn these effects. Finally, experiments conducted on a realworld dataset demonstrate the superiority of the BLMA over other state-of-the-art methods.

Huang, C-S, Lin, C-L, Ko, L-W, Liu, S-Y, Sua, T-P & Lin, C-T 1970, 'A hierarchical classification system for sleep stage scoring via forehead EEG signals', 2013 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence, Cognitive Algorithms, Mind, and Brain (CCMB), 2013 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence, Cognitive Algorithms, Mind, and Brain (CCMB), IEEE, Singapore, pp. 1-5.
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The study adopts the structure of hierarchical classification to develop an automatic sleep stage classification system using forehead (Fpl and Fp2) EEG signals. The hierarchical classification consists of a preliminary wake detection rule, a novel feature extraction method based on American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) scoring manual, feature selection methods and SVM. After estimating the preliminary sleep stages, two adaptive adjustment schemes are applied to adjust the preliminary sleep stages and provide the final estimation of sleep stages. Clinical testing reveals that the proposed automatic sleep stage classification system is about 77% accuracy and 67% kappa for individual 10 normal subjects. This system could provide the possibility of long term sleep monitoring at home and provide a preliminary result of sleep stages so that doctor could decide if a patient needs to have a detailed diagnosis using Polysomnography (PSG) system in a sleep laboratory of hospital. © 2013 IEEE.

Huang, CS, Lin, CL, Ko, LW, Wang, YK, Liang, JW & Lin, CT 1970, 'Automatic Sleep Stage Classification GUI with a Portable EEG Device', International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Springer, Las Vegas, NV, USA, pp. 613-617.
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In this study, a developed automatic sleep stage classification system with a portable EEG recording device, (Mindo-4s) is implemented by JAVA-based sleep graphical user interface (GUI) in android platform. First, the parameters of the developed sleep stage classification system, including extracting effective sleep features and a hierarchical classification structure consisting of preliminary wake detection rule, adaptive adjustment scheme, and support vector machine, were trained by our existing sleep database, which collected using polysomnogram (PSG), in MATLAB program. Finally, this classification system would be reedited by JAVA language, and the corresponding JAVA-based sleep GUI software was working in android platform and Mindo-4s. The connection between JAVA-based sleep GUI software and the portable Mindo-4s was through Bluetooth communication. The performance of this JAVA-based sleep GUI can reach 72.43% average accuracy comparing to the result from manual scoring. This JAVA-based sleep GUI can on-line display, record and analyze the forehead EEG signals simultaneously. After sleep, the user can received a complete sleep report, including sleep efficiency, sleep stage distribution, from JAVA-based sleep GUI. Thus, this system can provide a preliminary result in sleep quality estimation, and help the sleep doctor to decide someone needs to have a complete PSG testing in hospital. Using this system is more convenient for long–term and home-based daily caring than traditional PSG measurement.

Huang, C-S, Lin, C-L, Ko, L-W, Wang, Y-K, Liang, J-W & Lin, C-T 1970, 'Automatic Sleep Stage Classification GUI with a Portable EEG Device', Communications in Computer and Information Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 613-617.
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In this study, a developed automatic sleep stage classification system with a portable EEG recording device, (Mindo-4s) is implemented by JAVA-based sleep graphical user interface (GUI) in android platform. First, the parameters of the developed sleep stage classification system, including extracting effective sleep features and a hierarchical classification structure consisting of preliminary wake detection rule, adaptive adjustment scheme, and support vector machine, were trained by our existing sleep database, which collected using polysomnogram (PSG), in MATLAB program. Finally, this classification system would be reedited by JAVA language, and the corresponding JAVA-based sleep GUI software was working in android platform and Mindo-4s. The connection between JAVA-based sleep GUI software and the portable Mindo-4s was through Bluetooth communication. The performance of this JAVA-based sleep GUI can reach 72.43% average accuracy comparing to the result from manual scoring. This JAVA-based sleep GUI can on-line display, record and analyze the forehead EEG signals simultaneously. After sleep, the user can received a complete sleep report, including sleep efficiency, sleep stage distribution, from JAVA-based sleep GUI. Thus, this system can provide a preliminary result in sleep quality estimation, and help the sleep doctor to decide someone needs to have a complete PSG testing in hospital. Using this system is more convenient for long-term and home-based daily caring than traditional PSG measurement. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.

Huang, C-S, Lin, C-L, Yang, W-Y, Ko, L-W, Liu, S-Y & Lin, C-T 1970, 'Applying the fuzzy c-means based dimension reduction to improve the sleep classification system', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), 2013 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE, Hyderabad, India.
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Having a well sleep quality is important factor in our daily life. The evaluation of sleep stages has become an important issue due to the distribution of sleep stages across a whole night relates to sleep quality. This study aims to propose a sleep classification system, consists of a preliminary wake detection rule, sleep feature extraction, fuzzy c-means based dimension reduction, support vector machine with radial basis function kernel, and adaptive adjustment scheme, with only FP1 and FP2 electroencephalography. Compared with the results from the sleep technologist, the average accuracy and Kappa coefficient of the proposed sleep classification system is 70.92% and 0.6130, respectively, for individual 10 normal subjects. Thus, the proposed sleep classification system could provide a preliminary report of sleep stages to assistant doctors to make decision if a patient needs to have a detailed testing in a sleep laboratory. © 2013 IEEE.

Huang, X, Cheng, H, Li, R-H, Qin, L & Yu, JX 1970, 'Top-K Structural Diversity Search in Large Networks.', Proc. VLDB Endow., International Conference on Very Large Databases, ACM, Trento, Italy, pp. 1618-1629.
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Social contagion depicts a process of information (e.g., fads, opinions, news) diffusion in the online social networks. A recent study reports that in a social contagion process the probability of contagion is tightly controlled by the number of connected components in an individual's neighborhood. Such a number is termed structural diversity of an individual and it is shown to be a key predictor in the social contagion process. Based on this, a fundamental issue in a social network is to find top-k users with the highest structural diversities. In this paper, we, for the first time, study the top-k structural diversity search problem in a large network. Specifically, we develop an effective upper bound of structural diversity for pruning the search space. The upper bound can be incrementally refined in the search process. Based on such upper bound, we propose an efficient framework for top-k structural diversity search. To further speed up the structural diversity evaluation in the search process, several carefully devised heuristic search strategies are proposed. Extensive experimental studies are conducted in 13 real-world large networks, and the results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed methods. © 2013 VLDB Endowment.

Huang, X, Joseph, J, Zhang, JA & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Sample rate conversion with parallel processing for high speed multiband OFDM systems', 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 2754-2759.
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Based on the sequential sample rate conversion (SRC) structure using B-spline interpolation for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based software defined radios, a parallel processing SRC structure is proposed in this paper to achieve high speed data transmission for multiband OFDM systems. By deriving an impulse response matrix from the sequential SRC structure, the state vectors of the SRC structure can be calculated from a block of input samples with less complexity than conventional Farrow structure. Real-time SRC implementation combined with local feedback and stuffing is also presented. Performance in terms of state buffer pointer offset caused by clock variation and finite precision in digital hardware is analyzed to provide guidance for practical system design such as determining clock stability and word-length requirements. © 2013 IEEE.

Huang, Y, Hong, G, Cheng, X & Huang, R 1970, 'Investigation to Charge Cooling Effect of Evaporation of Ethanol Fuel Directly Injected in a Gasoline Port Injection Engine', SAE Technical Paper Series, SAE/KSAE 2013 International Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting, SAE International, Seoul, Korea, pp. 1-13.
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Ethanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI+GPI) is a new technology to make the use of ethanol fuel more effective and efficient in spark ignition engines. It takes the advantages of ethanol fuel, such as its greater latent heat of vaporization than that of gasoline fuel, to enhance the charge cooling effect and consequently to increase the compression ratio and improve the engine thermal efficiency. Experimental investigation has shown improvement in the performance of a single cylinder spark ignition engine equipped with EDI+GPI. It was inferred that the charge cooling enhanced by EDI played an important role. To investigate it, a CFD model has been developed for the experimentally tested engine. The Eulerian-Lagrangian approach and Discrete Droplet Model were used to model the evolution of the fuel sprays. The model was verified by comparing the numerical and experimental results of cylinder pressure during the intake and compression strokes. Mesh density and time step sensitivities have been tested. The verified model was used to investigate the charge cooling effect of EDI in terms of spatial and temporal distributions of cylinder temperature and fuel vapor fraction. Compared with GPI only, EDI+GPI demonstrated stronger effect on charge cooling by decreased in-cylinder temperature. The cooling effect was limited by the low evaporation rate of the ethanol fuel due to its lower saturation vapor pressure than gasoline's in low temperature conditions. Copyright © 2013 SAE International and Copyright © 2013 KSAE.

Huy Hoang Nguyen, Tuan Nghia Nguyen, Clout, R, Gibson, A & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Development of an assistive patient mobile system for hospital environments', 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, Osaka, Japan, pp. 2491-2494.
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This paper presents an assistive patient mobile system for hospital environments, which focuses on transferring the patient without nursing help. The system is a combination of an advanced hospital bed and an autonomous navigating robot. This intelligent bed can track the robot and routinely navigates and communicates with the bed. The work centralizes in building a structure, hardware design and robot detection and tracking algorithms by using laser range finder. The assistive patient mobile system has been tested and the real experiments are shown with a high performance of reliability and practicality. The accuracy of the method proposed in this paper is 91% for the targeted testing object with the error rate of classification by 6%. Additionally, a comparison between our method and a related one is also described including the comparison of results.

Inchamnan, W & Wyeth, P 1970, 'Motivation during videogame play', Proceedings of The 9th Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment: Matters of Life and Death, IE'2013: The 9th Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment -, ACM.
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Inchamnan, W, Wyeth, P & Johnson, D 1970, 'Does activity in computer game play have an impact on creative behaviour?', 2013 IEEE International Games Innovation Conference (IGIC), 2013 IEEE International Games Innovation Conference (IGIC), IEEE.
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Indraratna, B, Nimbalkar, S, Anantanasakul, P, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Neville, T 1970, 'Performance Monitoring of Rail Tracks Stabilized by Geosynthetics and Shock Mats: Case Studies at Bulli and Singleton in Australia', Geo-Congress 2013, Geo-Congress 2013, American Society of Civil Engineers, USA, pp. 19-33.
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Rail tracks are conventionally built on compacted ballast and structural fill embankments overlying the natural subsoil. Ballast plays an important role in providing track stiffness to support heavy traffic loads, and providing rapid drainage. However, ballast deforms and degrades progressively under the heavy cyclic loading of passenger and freight trains, which may lead to a loss of track geometry, and require costly regular maintenance. In particular, track construction requires appropriate stabilization techniques for ballast, the extent of which depends also on the type of subgrade. Comprehensive field trials were carried out on two rail lines in Bulli and recently in Singleton, New South Wales, Australia. In these studies, several track sections were reinforced with different types of geosynthetics placed beneath the ballast embankment. Both fresh and recycled ballast was examined for varying subgrade conditions. Recoverable and irrecoverable deformations of the substructure were routinely monitored. It was found that geogrids and geocomposites can decrease the vertical strains of the ballast layer, resulting in reduced maintenance costs. This paper describes the comprehensive field instrumentation, construction procedures, and field performance evaluation of these full-scale geosynthetic- stabilized ballast embankments in Bulli and Singleton. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Indraratna, B, Nimbalkar, S, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Neville, T & Christie, D 1970, 'Performance assessment of synthetic shock mats and grids in the improvement of ballasted tracks', 18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering: Challenges and Innovations in Geotechnics, ICSMGE 2013, pp. 1283-1286.
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In Australia, railways offer the most prominent transportation mode in terms of traffic tonnage serving the needs of bulk freight and passenger movement. Ballast is an essential constituent of conventional rail infrastructure governing track stability and performance. However, in recent times, higher traffic induced stresses due to dramatically increased train speeds and heavier axle loads have caused excessive plastic deformations and degradation of ballast. This seriously hampers safety and efficiency of express tracks, for instance, enforcing speed restrictions and effecting more frequent track maintenance. Installing layers of synthetic materials such geogrids and rubber pads (shock mats) in rail tracks can significantly reduce ballast degradation. Field trials were conducted on rail track sections in the towns of Bulli (near Wollongong City) and Singleton (near Newcastle) to measure track deformations associated with cyclic stresses and impact loads. This paper describes the results of large-scale laboratory testing as well as the observations from full-scale instrumented field trials characterising the behaviour of rail ballast improved by shock mats and synthetic grids.

Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Balasubramaniam, AS 1970, 'Ground Improvement at the Port of Brisbane, Australia Using Vertical Drains and Vacuum Assisted Preloading', Sound Geotechnical Research to Practice, Geo-Congress 2013, American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Geng, X & Ameratunga, J 1970, 'Performance and prediction of vacuum consolidation behavior at Port of Brisbane', 18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering: Challenges and Innovations in Geotechnics, ICSMGE 2013, pp. 2497-2500.
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due to a projected increase in trade activities at the port of Brisbane, new berths on fisherman islands at the mouth of the Brisbane river will be constructed in the outer area (235ha) close to the existing port facilities via land reclamation. a vacuum assisted surcharge load in conjunction with prefabricated vertical drains was choosen to reduce the required consolidation time. the features of the combined vacuum and surcharge fill system and the construction of the embankment are described in this paper. a comparison of the performance of the vacuum combined surcharge loading system with a standard surcharge fill emphasizes the obvious advantages of vacuum consolidation. field data is presented to show how the embankment performed during construction. an analytical solution for radial consolidation incorporating both time-dependent surcharge loading and vacuum pressure is employed to calculate the settlements and associated excess pore pressures of the soft holocene clay deposits.

Indraratnaa, B, Tennakoon, N, Nimbalkar, S & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 1970, 'Effects Of Fouling On The Stress—Strain—Degradation Behaviour Of Rail Ballast', Proceedings of the 18th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference (18SEAGC) & Inaugural AGSSEA Conference (1AGSSEA), 18th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference (18SEAGC) & Inaugural AGSSEA Conference (1AGSSEA), Research Publishing Services.
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Inoue, Y, Tsutsui, H & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Study of PAPR reduction using coded PTS in 8&#x00D7;8 MIMO-OFDM systems', 2013 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2013 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS), IEEE.
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Iqbal, A, Zhang, W & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Enhanced piezoresistive sensing via synchronized oscillations in a mechanically coupled disk array', 2013 Transducers & Eurosensors XXVII: The 17th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXVII), 2013 Transducers & Eurosensors XXVII: The 17th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXVII), IEEE.
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Irfansyah, AN, Lehmann, T, Jenkins, J & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'Analysis and design considerations of systematic nonlinearity for sigma-delta current-steering DAC', IEEE 2013 Tencon - Spring, 2013 IEEE TENCON Spring Conference, IEEE, IEEE New S Wales Sect, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 108-111.
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Irfansyah, AN, Lehmann, T, Jenkins, J & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'Design strategy for enhanced output impedance current-steering DAC in sigma-delta converters', 2013 IEEE 56th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2013 IEEE 56th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), IEEE, pp. 289-292.
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This paper analyses the design trade-off of a high-output impedance current mirror structure used as a current-steering DAC in a sigma-delta modulation DAC with dynamic element matching. The aim is to provide a design strategy with transistor sizing guidelines leading to the achievement of high static linearity and high accuracy given specific accuracy, load resistance, and voltage swing requirement. Challenging factors limiting the circuit static linearity are described and shown. A test chip implemented in 180nm CMOS process has been designed and fabricated, with simulated results showing static linearity of a 16-bit DAC has been achieved. © 2013 IEEE.

Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'Multiple-input multiple-output medium frequency-link based medium voltage inverter for direct grid connection of photovoltaic arrays', 2013 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2013 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Busan, Korea, pp. 202-207.
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Recent advances in magnetic materials and power semiconductor devices have led to the development of compact and lightweight medium voltage inverter with medium frequency-link, which would be a possible solution to reducing the weight and size of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverter systems. This paper presents the design and analysis of a multiple-input multiple-output medium frequency-link based medium voltage inverters for step-up transformer-less direct grid connection of PV arrays. The multiple-output medium frequency-links generates multiple isolated and balanced dc supplies for all of the H-bridge inverter cells of modular multilevel cascaded (MMC) inverter. To verify the feasibility of the proposed system, a scaled down 1 kV laboratory prototype test platform with 5-level MMC inverter is developed. The design and implementation of the prototyping, test platform, and the experimental results are analyzed and discussed.

Islam, MR, Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Lu, HY & Jin, JX 1970, 'Medium-frequency-link power conversion for high power density renewable energy systems', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 102-106.
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Recent advances in solid-state semiconductors and magnetic materials have provided the impetus for medium frequency-link based medium voltage power conversion systems, which would be a possible solution to reducing the weight and volume of renewable power generation systems. To verify this new concept, in this paper, a laboratory prototype of 1.26 kVA medium-frequency-link power conversion system is developed for a scaled down 1 kV grid applications. The design and implementation of the prototyping, test platform, and the experimental results are analyzed and discussed. It is expected that the proposed new technology would have a great potential for future renewable and smart grid applications.

Islam, MS & Mondal, RN 1970, 'Effects of Curvature on Unsteady Solutions through a Curved Square Duct Flow', Procedia Engineering, Elsevier BV, pp. 217-224.
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Ismail, MS, Moghavvemi, M & Mahlia, TMI 1970, 'Optimization of a PV/microturbine hybrid system for tropical climates', 2013 3rd International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems, 2013 3rd International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems (EPECS), IEEE, Yildiz Tech Univ, Davutpasa Campus, Istanbul, TURKEY.
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JACOBS, DA, PARK, LJ & WALDRON, KJ 1970, 'AN ACTUATED CONTINUOUS SPRING LOADED INVERTED PENDULUM (SLIP) MODEL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF BOUNCING GAITS', Nature-Inspired Mobile Robotics, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, pp. 463-470.
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© 2013 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. The Spring Loaded Inverted Pendulum (SLIP) model is a simple model for analyzing bouncing type legged gaits such as hopping and running. Reducing the full system dynamics allows for simplified analysis of major characteristics of locomotion for a wide variety of systems. However, the implementation of the SLIP model in the design and control of robotic locomotion can benefit from including more representative stance and flight dynamics. For example, in the SLIP model, the stance dynamics are fully conservative. However, physical systems will exhibit energy loss as a consequence of ground contact and will also do negative work through friction and actuator losses. To recover this lost work, the stance phase must be asymmetric and must include a thrusting portion. An actuated form of the SLIP model with fully continuous flight and stance dynamics is presented to analyze the stability space presented by the original SLIP model. The combined dynamic and control system stability is analyzed in the return map method and the simulated results show that heuristic control of the leg angle can stabilize the hopping gait only under certain circumstances.

Jadidi, MG, Miró, JV, Valencia, R, Andrade-Cetto, J & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Exploration using an information-based reaction-diffusion process', Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australian Robtocis and Automation Association, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-10.
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In this paper, a novel solution for autonomous robotic exploration is proposed. We model the distribution of information in an unknown environment as an unsteady diffiusion process, which can be an appropriate mathematical for- mulation and analogy for expanding, time- varying, and dynamic environments. This in- formation distribution map is the solution of the diffusion process partial diffierential equa- tion, and is regressed from sensor data as a Gaussian Process. Optimization of the pro- cess parameters leads to an optimal frontier map which describes regions of interest for fur- ther exploration. Since the presented approach considers a continuous model of the environ- ment, it can be used to plan smooth exploration paths exploiting the structural dependencies of the environment whilst handling sparse sensor measurements. The performance of the ap- proach is evaluated through simulation results in the well-known Freiburg and Cave maps.

Jafari, M, Malekjamshidi, Z, Li Li & Jian Guo Zhu 1970, 'Performance analysis of full bridge, boost half bridge and half bridge topologies for application in phase shift converters', 2013 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2013 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Busan,Korea, pp. 1589-1595.
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In this paper, performances of three topologies of bidirectional ports applicable to phase shift converters are compared. The proposed topologies include full bridge, half bridge and boost-half bridge that are commonly used as bi-directional port in various topologies of DC converters. The proposed analyses based on several indicators and characteristics of the topologies including reliability factor, switching loss, current ripple, cost, size, efficiency, range of power flow versus phase shift angle and control complexity. A phase shift converter based on proposed topologies was simulated using P-SIM. The analysis shows that considering all effective factors, full bridge topology provides better characteristics compared with others and can be selected for a phase shift converter. Also in some applications other topologies still remain a favorite choice. © 2013 IEEE.

Jan, MA, Nanda, P & He, X 1970, 'Energy Evaluation Model for an Improved Centralized Clustering Hierarchical Algorithm in WSN', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Wired / Wireless Internet Communications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, St. Petersburg, Russia, pp. 154-167.
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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of battery-powered sensor nodes which collect data and route the data to the Base Station. Centralized Cluster-based routing protocols efficiently utilize limited energy of the nodes by selecting Cluster Heads (CHs) in each round. Selection of CHs and Cluster formation is performed by the Base Station. In each round, nodes transmit their location information and their residual energy to the Base Station. This operation is a considerable burden on these resource hungry sensor nodes. In this paper we propose a scheme whereby a small number of High-Energy nodes gather location information and residual energy status of the sensing nodes and transmit to the Base Station. This scheme eliminates CH advertisement phase in order to conserve energy. Based on the energy consumption by various types of nodes, we have derived an energy model for our algorithm which depicts the total energy consumption in the network. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Jan, MA, Nanda, P, He, X, Liu, RP & IEEE 1970, 'Enhancing Lifetime and Quality of Data in Cluster-based Hierarchical Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network', 2013 IEEE 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS & 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EMBEDDED AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING (HPCC_EUC), IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, IEEE, Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, P.R. China, pp. 1400-1407.
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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) performs energy extensive tasks and it is essential to rotate sensor nodes frequently so that Cluster Head selections can be made efficiently. In this paper, we aim to improve the lifetime of sensor network by using LEACH based protocols and efficiently utilizing the limited energy available in these sensor nodes. In sensor network, the amount of data delivered at the base station is not important but it is the quality of the data which is of utmost importance. Our proposed approach significantly improves the life time and quality of data being delivered at the base station in sensor network. We evaluate our proposed approach using different sets of node energy levels and in each case our approach shows significant improvement over existing cluster-based hierarchical routing protocols. We evaluate our scheme in terms of energy consumption, life time and quality of data delivered at the base station. © 2013 IEEE.

Jayawickrama, BA, Dutkiewicz, E, Fang, G, Oppermann, I, Mueck, M & IEEE 1970, 'Downlink Power Allocation Algorithm for Licence-exempt LTE Systems Using Kriging and Compressive Sensing Based Spectrum Cartography', 2013 IEEE GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM), IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE, Atlanta, GA, USA, pp. 3766-3771.
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Licence-exempt secondary Long Term Evolution systems have been proposed recently, in attempt to meet the needs of rapidly growing wireless mobile applications. However, where the secondary network is spread over a large geographical area, traditional detect-and-avoid algorithms are less effective in providing interference protection to Primary Users while maximising the secondary throughput. Spectrum cartography is an emerging technique that can be used to discover spectrum holes in space. We propose a downlink power allocation algorithm using Kriging Spatial Interpolation and Compressive Sensing based spectrum cartography in an environment where large scale shadow fading is prominent. We evaluate the performance of our approach by simulating a secondary Urban Microcell network operating in TV White Space. Simulation results show a significant improvement in interference and throughput, in comparison to traditional detect-and-avoid algorithms. © 2013 IEEE.

Jayawickrama, BA, Dutkiewicz, E, Oppermann, I, Fang, G, Ding, J & IEEE 1970, 'Improved Performance of Spectrum Cartography Based on Compressive Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks', 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC), IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 5657-5661.
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Spectrum cartography is the process of constructing a map showing Radio Frequency signal strength over a finite geographical area. Multiple research groups have recently proposed to use spectrum cartography in the context of discovering spectrum holes in space that can be exploited locally in cognitive radio networks. In our novel approach, we exploit the sparsity of primary users in space to formulate the cartography process as a compressive sensing problem. Further, we present a novel algorithm for solving the cartography problem that builds on the well-known Orthogonal Matching Pursuit algorithm. We evaluate the performance of our approach by simulating a cognitive radio network where primary users are low power wireless microphones. Our simulation results show a significant improvement in reconstruction error, in comparison to two existing compressive sensing based methods. © 2013 IEEE.

Jiang, J, Lu, J, Zhang, G & Long, G 1970, 'Optimal Cloud Resource Auto-Scaling for Web Applications', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2013 13TH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER, CLOUD AND GRID COMPUTING (CCGRID 2013), IEEE, pp. 58-65.
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Jiang, X, Li, Y & Li, J 1970, 'A piezoelectric wafer-stack vibration energy harvester for wireless sensor networks', SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2013, Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems, SPIE, San Diego, USA, pp. 1-9.
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Over the past few decades, wireless sensor networks have been widely used in civil structure health monitoring application. Currently, most wireless sensor networks are battery-powered and it is costly and unsustainable for maintenance because of the requirement for frequent battery replacements. As an attempt to address such issue, this paper presents a novel piezoelectric vibrational energy harvester to convert the structural vibration into usable electrical energy for powering wireless sensor networks. Unlike the normal cantilever beam structure, the piezoelectric harvester presented in this paper is based on the wafer-stack configuration which is suitable for applications where large force vibration occurs, and therefore can be embedded in civil structures to convert the force induced by vibration of large structures directly into electrical energy. The longitudinal mode of the piezoelectric wafer-stack was developed firstly to illustrate the force-to-voltage relationship of piezoelectric materials and to find the inter-medium force that will be used to convert vibration energy into electrical energy. Then, two electromechanical models (without and with a rectified circuit), considering both the mechanical and electrical aspects of the harvester, were developed to characterize the harvested electrical power under the external load. Exact closed-form expressions of the electromechanical models have been derived to analyze the maximum harvested power and the optimal resistance. Finally, a shake table experimental testing was conducted to prove the feasibility of the presented piezoelectric-wafer-stack harvester under standard sinusoidal loadings. Test results show that the harvester can generate a maximum 45mW (AC) or 16mW (DC) electrical power for sinusoidal loading with 40mm amplitude and 2Hz frequency, and the harvested electrical power is proportional to the levels of exciting vibrational loading. © 2013 SPIE.

Jiang, XZ, Li, YC & Li, JC 1970, 'A novel piezoelectric wafer-stack vibration energy harvester', From Materials to Structures: Advancement Through Innovation - Proceedings of the 22nd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, ACMSM 2012, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC press/Balkema, Sydney, Australia, pp. 399-404.
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Piezoelectric vibration-based energy harvesters are attractive as inexhaustible replacements for batteries in low-power requirement wireless electronic devices and thus have received increasing research interest in the last few years. This paper presents a novel piezoelectric harvester based on the wafer-stack configuration to convert the external vibration into usable electrical energy for this purpose. Both analytical and experimental investigations are undertaken at University of Technology Sydney. Firstly, an electromechanical model with a rectified circuit, considering both the mechanical and electrical factors of the harvester, is built to characterise the harvested electrical power across the external loadings. Exact closed-form expressions of the electromechanical model have been given to analyse conditions for maximum harvested power. Finally, a shake table experimental testing was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the presented PZT wafer stack harvester under standard sinusoidal loadings. Test results show that the harvester can generate a maximum 16mW electrical power for sinusoidal loading with 40mm amplitude and 2Hz frequency. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group.

Jiang, Z, Wei, D & Li, H 1970, 'Finite element modelling of surface roughness transfer and oxide scale micro deformation in metal manufacturing process', AIP Conference Proceedings, THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUMERICAL METHODS IN INDUSTRIAL FORMING PROCESSES: NUMIFORM 2013, AIP, Shenyang, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 254-261.
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In the paper, the micro deformation of oxide scale in hot strip rolling has been investigated with considering the friction effect. The finite element simulation of the micro deformation of oxide scale has been successfully conducted, and the calculated surface roughness is compared with the measured value, which shows a good agreement. A crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) model was also successfully developed to analyse the surface roughness transfer during metal manufacturing. The simulation results show a good agreement with the experimental results in the flattening of surface asperity, and the surface roughness decreases significantly with an increase of reduction. This study also indicates that the lubrication can delay surface asperity flattening.

Jie Ding, Dutkiewicz, E & Xiaojing Huang 1970, 'Performance evaluation of virtual MIMO for UWB based body area networks', 2013 7th International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT), 2013 7th International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT 2013), IEEE, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 28-32.
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For impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) based wireless body area network (WBAN) systems, one of the significant challenges is to guarantee a reliable link for data transmission. For this purpose, in this paper, we develop a simple but effective virtual MIMO (VMIMO) based cooperative diversity scheme for a single antenna transmitter being aided by an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper where performance of VMIMO is evaluated in IR-UWB based WBAN systems. The theoretical analysis reveals that VMIMO not only offers a full spatial diversity, but also can collect the multipath diversity contained in the dense WBAN channels. Preliminary simulation results show that VMIMO can provide a considerable improvement on bit error rate (BER) performance compared with the single-input single-output (SISO) WBAN systems. © 2013 IEEE.

Jie Ding, Dutkiewicz, E, Xiaojing Huang, Daiming Qu & Tao Jiang 1970, 'Carrier frequency offset estimation for non-contiguous OFDM receiver in cognitive radio systems', 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2013), IEEE, Atlanta, GA, USA, pp. 4192-4197.
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For non-contiguous (NC) OFDM based cognitive radio (CR) systems, schemes have been developed in literature to acquire spectrum synchronization information (SSI) with perfect carrier frequency offset (CFO) synchronization. However, OFDM is extremely sensitive to the CFO in practice, which leads to inter-carrier interference (ICI), hence degrading the spectrum synchronization performance for existing schemes. An accurate CFO estimation is therefore required before setting up the SSI. In this paper, we present a novel scheme based on the maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm to estimate the CFO for the NC-OFDM receiver when the SSI is unknown. A corresponding Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRB) with the ideal SSI is derived to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is robust against interference and achieves a satisfactory accuracy of estimation, which is close to the relevant CRB. © 2013 IEEE.

Jin Lai, Dutkiewicz, E, Ren Ping Liu & Vesilo, R 1970, 'Performance optimization of cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks', 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 631-636.
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Cooperative spectrum sensing has been proposed to significantly improve spectrum sensing accuracy by taking advantage of the cooperation among multiple secondary users (SUs). Most of existing work assumes that all SUs have the same SNR values of primary users' signal while the difference of SNR values among SUs, although it is very common in practice, is largely ignored. In this paper, we investigate two cooperative spectrum sensing scenarios where multiple geographically diverse SUs may have different SNR values. In the first scenario a cognitive radio network (CRN) with a single primary channel is considered. We aim to optimize the individual thresholds of SUs to maximize SU throughput subject to the constraint of missed detection probability. In the second scenario where there are multiple channels in a CRN, we jointly optimize the allocation of SUs to sense different channels and the individual detection thresholds of SUs. Our objective is to maximize total SU throughput over multiple channels while guaranteeing the missed detection probability below a given threshold. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed schemes achieve significant improvements in SU throughput over the existing schemes. © 2013 IEEE.

Jin, JX, Xu, W, Chen, Y, Guo, YG & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Novel Control Platform Development for PMLSM Drive System Based on Virtual Instrument', Applied Mechanics and Materials, Linear Drives for Industry Applications, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Hangzhou, China, pp. 530-535.
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A novel control platform for the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) drive system has been built up based on virtual instrument (VI) and relavant data acquisition card (DAQ) devices. In the traditional control platform, it mostly depends on digital signal processor (DSP), which needs a lot of time to further develop the interface between the personal computer (PC) and operators, and its computational capability is not strong than computer. To overcome these shortages, a novel control platform is presented on the base of one PC, one LabVIEW, and one multifunctional data acquisition card. Firstly, a space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) signal source is executed in the VI. Then in order to improve the precision of control system, the field oriented control (FOC) is proposed for the PMLSM. Finally comprehensive experiments verify with relative simulations.

Jing Zhou, Aihuang Guo, Juan Xu, Celler, B & Su, S 1970, 'A reliable medium access mechanism based on priorities for wireless body sensor networks', 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, Osaka, Japan, pp. 1855-1858.
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Wireless body sensor networks (WBSN) provide health related information for monitoring or professional analysis by collecting various signals of human body or environment information with sensors. But different data acquired in many applications have different transmission requirements. The dropping of life-critical messages could possibly create life threatening results if the network is not reliable. To improve the reliability this paper proposes a novel reliable medium access mechanism (RMAM) which guarantees transmission of data with different priorities in less delay and energy consumption. The mechanism is designed and evaluated by Castalia. The improved performances of latency, packets breakdown and energy consumption are analyzed and depicted with comparison.

Jing, T, Ramji, R, Warkiani, ME, Lim, CT, Han, J & Chen, CH 1970, 'High throughput single cancer cell encapsulation and self sorting for protease assay by using jetting microfluidics', 17th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2013, pp. 1373-1375.
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In this work, a droplet microfluidic device integrated with droplet sorting function was presented for single cancer cell encapsulations and protease activity measurements. Individual cells were encapsulated into aqueous droplets at flow focusing junction under jetting conditions. Droplets with cells encapsulated inside are larger than other empty droplets, enabling effective droplet sorting through a deterministic lateral displacement micro-pillar design. All droplets with cells are therefore collected by an observation chamber for enzymatic activity monitoring. Here we focused on measuring matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) secretion intensities at the individual cell level to obtain further insights into the malignant characteristics of these cells.

Johnson, D, Wyeth, P & Sweetser, P 1970, 'The People-Game-Play model for understanding videogames' impact on wellbeing', 2013 IEEE International Games Innovation Conference (IGIC), 2013 IEEE International Games Innovation Conference (IGIC), IEEE.
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Johnston, A & Walsh, L 1970, 'Sound stream', Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Creativity & Cognition, C&C '13: Creativity and Cognition 2013, ACM, AUSTRALIA, Univ Technol, Sydney, pp. 399-400.
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Jozi, BJ, Dackermann, U, Braun, RB, Li, JL & Samali, BS 1970, 'Separation of bi-directional stress waves for the non-destructive condition assessment of in-service timber utility', 6th International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure (SHMII-6), International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure, Hong Kong.
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Timber utility poles represent a significant part of Australia’s infrastructure for power distribution and communicationnetworks. Due to the advanced age of Australia’s timber pole infrastructure, significant efforts are undertaken by stateauthorities on maintenance and asset management to prevent utility lines from failure. However, the lack of reliabletools for assessing the condition of in-service poles seriously jeopardizes the maintenance and asset management. Forexample, each year approximately 300,000 poles are replaced in the Eastern States of Australia with up to 80% of themstill being in a very good serviceable condition, resulting in significant waste of natural resources and money.

Jupp, JR 1970, 'Incomplete BIM Implementation: Exploring Challenges and the Role of Product Lifecycle Management Functions', Product Lifecycle Management for Society, IFIP WG . International Conference on Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Nantes, France, pp. 630-640.
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Implementing the BIM methodology relies on mastering new digital ways of working. However approaches to BIM often lack a holistic perspective that spans the whole building lifecycle. The omission of Product Lifecycle Management functions in the implementation of the BIM methodology can lead to failures in delivering the benefits of BIM to operations and diminish its value to clients with large property portfolios. In an empirical study, the paper presents an investigation into the current situation of BIM using an Australian commercial property development project. It explores implications of partial implementation for operations. Case study findings identify deficiencies in the project environment, management shortcomings associated with the specifics of client requirements and constraints, and difficulties in the transverse use of BIM and PLM platforms due to human interface problems.

Kai Zheng, Shuo Shang, Yuan, NJ & Yi Yang 1970, 'Towards efficient search for activity trajectories', 2013 IEEE 29th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE), 2013 29th IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE 2013), IEEE, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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The advances in location positioning and wireless communication technologies have led to a myriad of spatial trajectories representing the mobility of a variety of moving objects. While processing trajectory data with the focus of spatio-temporal features has been widely studied in the last decade, recent proliferation in location-based web applications (e.g., Foursquare, Facebook) has given rise to large amounts of trajectories associated with activity information, called activity trajectory. In this paper, we study the problem of efficient similarity search on activity trajectory database. Given a sequence of query locations, each associated with a set of desired activities, an activity trajectory similarity query (ATSQ) returns k trajectories that cover the query activities and yield the shortest minimum match distance. An order-sensitive activity trajectory similarity query (OATSQ) is also proposed to take into account the order of the query locations. To process the queries efficiently, we firstly develop a novel hybrid grid index, GAT, to organize the trajectory segments and activities hierarchically, which enables us to prune the search space by location proximity and activity containment simultaneously. In addition, we propose algorithms for efficient computation of the minimum match distance and minimum order-sensitive match distance, respectively. The results of our extensive empirical studies based on real online check-in datasets demonstrate that our proposed index and methods are capable of achieving superior performance and good scalability.

Kajdanowicz, T, Michalski, R, Musial, K & Kazienko, P 1970, 'Active learning and inference method for within network classification', Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, ASONAM '13: Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining 2013, ACM, Niagara Falls, CANADA, pp. 1299-1306.
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Kamaleswaran, R, Thommandram, A, Zhou, Q, Eklund, M, Cao, Y, Wang, WP & McGregor, C 1970, 'Cloud framework for real-time synchronous physiological streams to support rural and remote Critical Care', Proceedings - IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, pp. 473-476.
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We present a method for transmission and processing of real-time trans-continental medical data streams. We apply fundamentals of existing network technologies to create a secure tunnel from a remote hospital through an open-network to the Artemis Cloud. We capture and store incoming 1Hz data stream in our real-time event stream processor to allow for online real-time monitoring of the patient status. The contributions of this paper extend the Critical Care as a Service paradigm by incorporating remote monitoring centers. The results establish feasibility of the system to support real-time monitoring. However, existing protocols were required significant optimization to account for variability in throughput and availability of the network. © 2013 IEEE.

Kamaleswaran, R, Thommandram, A, Zhou, Q, Eklund, M, Cao, Y, Wang, WP & McGregor, C 1970, 'Cloud framework for real-time synchronous physiological streams to support rural and remote Critical Care', Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, 2013 IEEE 26th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS), IEEE, pp. 473-476.
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We present a method for transmission and processing of real-time trans-continental medical data streams. We apply fundamentals of existing network technologies to create a secure tunnel from a remote hospital through an open-network to the Artemis Cloud. We capture and store incoming 1Hz data stream in our real-time event stream processor to allow for online real-time monitoring of the patient status. The contributions of this paper extend the Critical Care as a Service paradigm by incorporating remote monitoring centers. The results establish feasibility of the system to support real-time monitoring. However, existing protocols were required significant optimization to account for variability in throughput and availability of the network. © 2013 IEEE.

Karadag, Y, Aas, M, Jonáš, A, Anand, S, McGloin, D & Kiraz, A 1970, 'Dye lasing in optically manipulated liquid aerosols', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, SPIE, San Diego, CA.
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Karmokar, DK, Esselle, KP, Thalakotuna, DNP, Heimlich, M & Matekovits, L 1970, 'A leaky-wave antenna for beam steering in forward and backward directions', IEEE 2013 Tencon - Spring, 2013 IEEE TENCON Spring Conference, IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 47-50.
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A half-width microstrip leaky-wave antenna (HW-MLWA) is designed with forward (broadside-endfire) and backward (broadside-backfire) scanning capability. One feed and 50 ω load are connected at each end of the radiating element with a simple feed network and controlled switches that allow the antenna to scan in both forward and backward directions. The main beam is steered at any operating frequency by changing the admittance between the free edge of the radiating element and the ground. This is done by connecting 30 lumped capacitors (1 pF each) to the free edge of the radiating element with a total of 30 switches and vias. The antenna can scan a range of 34° in both forward and backward directions. © 2013 IEEE.

Karmokar, DK, Thalakotuna, DNP, Esselle, KP & Heimlich, M 1970, 'Controlling the beam scanning limits of a microstrip leaky-wave antenna', 2013 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, Orlando, FL, USA, pp. 1330-1331.
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An electronically controlled half-width microstrip leaky-wave antenna (HW-MLWA) that can scan the main beam at a fixed frequency is presented. A technique is described to change the upper and lower limits of the beam direction without changing the scanning range itself. By varying the reactance profile at the free edge, the main beam of the proposed antenna can scan a range of 23° in discrete steps. There are 30 stubs positioned at the free edge of the antenna that gives the freedom to the designer to change the upper and lower scanning limits of the antenna without changing the scanning range itself. © 2013 IEEE.

Karmokar, DK, Thalakotuna, DNP, Esselle, KP, Heimlich, M & Matekovits, L 1970, 'Fixed-frequency beam steering from a stub-loaded microstrip leaky-wave antenna', 2013 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory, EMTS 2013 - Proceedings, 2013 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory, pp. 436-439.
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A microstrip leaky-wave antenna (MLWA) is designed for fixed-frequency beam steering. The main beam direction of this antenna is controlled by changing the periodic reactive loading of a microstrip line. This reactive loading is provided by a set of periodic patches closely coupled to the stubs in the microstrip line. These patches can be selectively connected to the ground using PIN diodes. The proposed reconfigurable antenna can steer main beam from 40° to 64° in discrete steps at 6.2 GHz. © 2013 IEICE.

Karmokar, DK, Thalakotuna, DNP, Esselle, KP, Matekovits, L & Heimlich, M 1970, 'Reconfigurable half-width microstrip leaky-wave antenna for fixed-frequency beam scanning', 2013 7th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2013, European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, Gothenburg, Sweden, pp. 1314-1317.
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A new technique to implement fixed-frequency beam scanning using a half-width microstrip leaky-wave antenna (HW-MLWA) is presented. The main beam direction is electronically controlled by changing the reactance between the one edge of a microstrip and the ground. This is achieved through a set of patches periodically placed along the free radiating edge of the microstrip line, with the second edge of the microstrip line is grounded. The patches can be connected to or isolated from the ground using PIN diodes thus facilitating a sub-nanosecond means of controlling the reactance. The full-wave numerical simulations show the ability to control the main beam direction from 21°to 37°at 6.5 GHz within the first quadrant. © 2013 EurAAP.

Keshavarzy, A & Ball, JE 1970, 'PIV measurements of coherent turbulent flow structure and bursting process around a scour hole', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12'' INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RIVER SEDIMENTATION, ISRS - Advances in River Sediment Research, International Symposium on River Sedimentation, Taylor & Francis Group, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 1093-1100.
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The results of a series of experimental tests related to the flow characteristics in a scouring hole are presented in this paper. The experimental tests were carried out for five different stages of development of a scour hole. These stages are defined on the basis of experimental observation. The mechanisms of the development of the scour hole and flow characteristics were investigated in this study. The flow velocities were measured using Particle Image Velocimetry to characterize the mean velocity field and turbulent characteristics of flow in the scour hole. The measurements reveal a good understanding of the flow characteristics and bursting process and a strong recirculation in the hole. The results showed that upstream of the orifice, the transition probabilities of the stable events were higher than other transition probabilities. Therefore, the events of P11, P22, P33 and P44 were dominant when compared to others. This can be interpreted as an expectation that entrainment should occur at this location. These expectations are consistent with scour hole development and were confirmed by measuring scour hole depth upstream of the orifice.

Kha, HH, Tuan, HD, Nguyen, HH & Tam, HHM 1970, 'Joint design of user power allocation and relay beamforming in two-way MIMO relay networks', 2013, 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), 2013 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), IEEE, Carrara, VIC, Australia.
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This paper is concerned with the joint optimization of user power allocation and distributed relay beamforming in two-way wireless relay networks in which multiple multi-antenna relays assist multiple single-antenna users. The design aims at maximizing the minimum information rate among user pairs subject to various practical power constraints at the users and relays. Since the nonconvex structure of the problem is highly complicated, the existing approaches to relax the design problem into a convex program do not appear to be applicable. To solve this challenging nonconvex optimization problem, we introduce auxiliary variables and cast the design problem into a d.c.(difference of convex functions) program. Then, we develop an efficient iterative algorithm of sequential convex optimization to obtain the optimized solutions. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that our proposed joint design outperforms the only relay beamforming design. © 2013 IEEE.

Khabbaz, H, Shrestha, B & Fatahi, B 1970, 'Parametric Study On Behavior Of Reinforced Soil Walls With Combined Horizontal And Vertical Geosynthetics', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2013 AGS SYMPOSIUM - Retaining Structures: Recent Advances and Past Experiences -, AGS Symposium – Retaining Structures: Recent Advances and Past Experiences, The Australian Geomechanics Society, Sydney, Australia, pp. 173-181.
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The reinforced soil system employing geogrids, as a cost effective reinforcement technique, has come to play an important role in a variety of civil and geotechnical engineering applications. In regular reinforced soil wal1s, the reinforcements are usually laid horizontally in the soil. In this study, the behaviour of reinforced soil retaining walls with combined horizontal and vertical reinforcements are investigated experimentally as well as numerically. The results, indicating the effects of vertical reinforcement inclusion, are compared to conventional reinforcing types under static and dynamic loads. The performance of retaining walls employing vertical reinforcement in conjunction with horizontal reinforcement is convincing from the results of the shake table tests conducted by the authors. In this paper, PLAXIS, well-known geotechnical software, is used for conducting a series of pararoetric studies on behaviour of reinforced soil walls under construction and subject to earthquake loading, incorporating the vertical reinforcement. The vertical reinforcement layout and its strength are among the major variables of the investigation. The geometry of the model, soil properties and reinforcement characteristics have been kept identical in all different cases selected for parametric studies. The performance of the wall is presented for the facing deformation and crest surface settlement, lateral earth pressure, tensile force in the reinforcement layers and acceleration amplification. The vertical ctefOlIDation, horizontal deflection, reinforcement force and earth pressure develop drastically under earthquake loading compared to the end of construction. The results show that these variables are considerably reduced when incorporating the vertical reinforcement in the system. In addition, the findings suggest better performance and higher structural safety for reinforced soil walls, when employing this proposed orthogonally horizontal-vertical geosynthetics.

Khawaji, A, Chen, F, Marcus, N & Zhou, J 1970, 'Trust and cooperation in text-based computer-mediated communication', Proceedings of the 25th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference: Augmentation, Application, Innovation, Collaboration, OzCHI '13: Augmentation, Application, Innovation, Collaboration, ACM, pp. 37-40.
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This study examines how different behaviours can affect trust in the text-chat environment. We designed two automated chat systems: one behaves cooperatively and the other behaves competitively. Thirty subjects participated in this study and the results revealed that the trust of subjects who chatted with a cooperative partner was significantly higher than the trust of subjects who chatted with a competitive partner. This study also examines the chat contents and the results show that subjects behave differently when they trust their partner, using more assent and positive emotion words.

Khushaba, RN, Wise, C, Kodagoda, S & Louviere, JJ 1970, 'Integrating Eye-Tracking and Wireless Electroencephalogram (EEG) in Consumer Neuroscience', The 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC13), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Osaka, Japan, pp. 6925-6928.
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Consumer neuroscience addresses marketing relevant problems through the integration and application of neuroscientific theories, concepts, findings and methods to the research discipline of consumer behavior. The key contribution of this paper is to complement the advancement of traditional consumer research through the investigation of the patterns of interdependency between the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from the different brain regions while participants undertook a choice task designed to elicit preferences for a marketing product (crackers). Specifically, the task required participants to choose their preferred crackers described by shape (square, triangle, round), flavor (wheat, dark rye, plain) and topping (salt, poppy, no topping).We analyze the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals collected from the different brain regions using the commercially available 14 channel Emotiv EPOC wireless EEG headset and relate the EEG data to the specific choice options with a Tobii X60 eye tracker. Fifteen participants were recruited for this experiment and were shown 57 choice sets; each choice set described three choice options. The patterns of cortical activity were obtained in the five principal frequency bands, Delta (0 - 4 Hz), Theta (3 - 7 Hz), Alpha (8 - 12 Hz), Beta (13 - 30 Hz), and Gamma (30 - 40 Hz). Our results indicate significant phase synchronization between the left and right frontal and occipital regions indicating interhemispheric communications during the choice task. Our experimental results also show that participants spent more time looking at the non-preferred items in each choice set at the beginning of the experiment (exploration mode), while reducing that time progressively to indicate significant amount of cognitive processing assigned to preferred items (exploitation mode).

Kim, J-H, Dai, Y, Li, H, Du, X & Kim, J 1970, 'Multi-view 3D Reconstruction from Uncalibrated Radially-Symmetric Cameras', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), IEEE.
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Kirby, R, Williams, PT & Hill, J 1970, 'The effect of temperature on the acoustic performance of splitter silencers', 42nd International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering 2013, INTER-NOISE 2013: Noise Control for Quality of Life, International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering, Innsbruck, Austria, pp. 5826-5833.
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In gas turbine exhaust systems dissipative silencers are normally used to attenuate broadband noise emanating from the turbine. These silencers often consist of parallel baffles packed with fibrous porous materials such as basalt wool. In gas turbine exhausts, temperatures can reach up to 700 °C and this can significantly affect silencer performance. Accordingly, the influence of elevated temperatures on silencer insertion loss is investigated here for one third octave bands up to a frequency of 8 kHz. Values for silencer insertion loss are generated using a theoretical model based on the finite element method and point collocation. Predictions draw on experimental data obtained for the bulk acoustic properties of basalt wool at temperatures of up to 500 °C. It is shown here that temperature significantly affects silencer performance and this effect should be compensated for when attempting to quantify silencer performance in high temperature applications.

Kitoko, V, Nguyen, TN & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'An Electro-Mechanical Contact Formulation for Dry/Wet Electrode-Scalp Interfaces in an EEG Headset', Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, ACTAPRESS, Innsbruck, Austria, pp. 199-206.
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The process of generating an initial prototype for a new dry electrode wearable EEG headset system design can be time and resource intensive. The ability to predict the mechanical and electrical characteristics of this recording device could lead to major cost savings in this process. Since the skin surface roughness has a deep impact on the decrease of brain electric contact conductance (or the increase of the contact impedance) when electrode with bristles contact scalp skin, the estimation of electric conductance across rough dry and wet boundaries is a challenging task in the designing optimization of the wearable EEG headset system. In this contribution, the contact mechanism to predict the electrical impedance of scalp skin pressed against the electrode is considered as the electrical connection by the mechanical contact. With this, we have extended the Pohrt and Popov model by including the effects of conductive gel. An experiment is developed and carried-out to validate the interfacial contact impedance model.

Kodagoda, S, Alempijevic, A, Huang, S, de la Villefromoy, M, Diponio, M & Cogar, L 1970, 'Moving away from simulations: Innovative assessment of Mechatronic subjects using remote laboratories', 2013 12th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), 2013 12th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), IEEE, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 1-5.
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In response to the rapid growth of online teaching and learning, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS) has been developing a number of remotely accessible laboratories. In this paper, we present our newly developed remote lab robotic rig that uniquely addresses challenges in Mechatronic courses. The rig contains a mobile robotic platform equipped with various sensory modules placed in a maze with a pantograph power system enabling continuous use of the platform. The software architecture employed allows users to develop their simulations using the Player/Stage simulator and subsequently upload the code in the robotic rig for real-time testing. This paper presents the motivation, design concepts and analysis of students' feedback responses to their use of the remote lab robotics rig. Survey results of a pilot study shows the participants highly agreeing that the remote lab contributes to, 'deeper understanding of the subject matter', 'flexible learning process' and 'inspire research in robotics'. © 2013 IEEE.

Kodagoda, S, Alempijevic, A, Huang, S, De La Villefromoy, MJ, Diponio, M & Cogar, LJ 1970, 'Innovative Assessment of Mechatronic Subjects Using Remote Laboratories', International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training, IEEE, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 1-5.
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In response to the rapid growth of online teaching and learning, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS) has been developing a number of remotely accessible laboratories. In this paper, we present our newly developed remote lab robotic rig that uniquely addresses challenges in Mechatronic courses. The rig contains a mobile robotic platform equipped with various sensory modules placed in a maze with a pantograph power system enabling continuous use of the platform. The software architecture employed allows users to develop their simulations using the Player/Stage simulator and subsequently upload the code in the robotic rig for real-time testing. This paper presents the motivation, design concepts and analysis of students' feedback responses to their use of the remote lab robotics rig. Survey results of a pilot study shows the participants highly agreeing that the remote lab contributes to, deeper understanding of the subject matter, flexible learning process and inspire research in robotics.

Kuhlang, P, Hempen, S, Edtmayr, T, Deuse, J & Sihn, W 1970, 'Systematic and Continuous Improvement of Value Streams', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, Elsevier BV, pp. 993-997.
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Within the framework of "Value stream oriented process management" value stream mapping and the short-cyclic improvement routine are integrated into the organizational framework of process management in order to enable a methodically fostered improvement of value streams in different levels of detail. Therefore an advanced and sustainable continuous improvement process is enabled. © IFAC.

Kuhlang, P, Hempen, S, Sihn, W & Deuse, J 1970, 'Improving processes on the basis of a short cyclic improvment routine, value stream mapping and a process management system', 22nd International Conference on Production Research, ICPR 2013.
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A Process Management System in general represents is a suitable approach to improve processes in the broadest sense. For this improvement a lot of established concepts and methods are applied practically and are depicted in literature. In most cases these improvement attempts between the different levels are not linked methodically. This paper presents and combines three - broadly practically applied and theoretically well described - approaches out of the broad variety of concepts and methods to improve value streams. Within this framework value stream mapping and the short-cyclic improvement routine are integrated into the organisational framework of process management in order to enable a methodically fostered improvement of value streams in different levels of detail. Therefore an advanced and sustainable continuous improvement process is enabled. Hence the objective of this paper is to link these industrially applied concepts for managing and improving value streams usefully, and to depict this linkage in an extended model and a practical assembly example.

Kulkarni, R, Qiao, Y & Sun, X 1970, 'Any Monotone Property of 3-Uniform Hypergraphs Is Weakly Evasive', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Theory and Applications of Models of Computation, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Hong Kong, pp. 224-235.
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For a Boolean function f, let D(f) denote its deterministic decision tree complexity, i.e., minimum number of (adaptive) queries required in worst case in order to determine f. In a classic paper, Rivest and Vuillemin [18] show that any non-constant monotone property P: {0,1} (2n) → {0,1} of n-vertex graphs has D(P) = Ω (n). We extend their result to 3-uniform hypergraphs. In particular, we show that any non-constant monotone property P: {0,1} (3n) → {0,1} of n-vertex 3-uniform hypergraphs has D(P) = Ω (n). Our proof combines the combinatorial approach of Rivest and Vuillemin with the topological approach of Kahn, Saks, and Sturtevant. Interestingly, our proof makes use of Vinogradov's Theorem (weak Gold-bach Conjecture), inspired by its recent use by Babai et. al. [1] in the context of the topological approach. Our work leaves the generalization to k-uniform hypergraphs as an intriguing open question. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.

Kun Wang, Yu Yue & Bo Liu 1970, 'DAS: A dynamic assignment scheduling algorithm for stream computing in distributed applications', 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2013), IEEE, Atlanta, GA, pp. 1632-1637.
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Kunarak, S, Sulessathira, R & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Vertical handoff with predictive RSS and dwell time', 2013 IEEE International Conference of IEEE Region 10 (TENCON 2013), TENCON 2013 - 2013 IEEE Region 10 Conference, IEEE, Xi'an, China.
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In this paper, multiple handoff decision criteria to permit connectivity across UMTS and WLAN/WiMAX under the mobile IP regional registration (MIP-RR) are presented. Handoff decision is based on the predicted received signal strength (RSS) of neighbor networks and dwell time. The merit values of candidate networks are compared to select an optimal network. RSS prediction and handoff decision performances are evaluated. The results illustrate that the proposed vertical handoff decision algorithm and network selection outperforms the other two approaches in reducing voice and data packet delay and increasing the throughput of WLAN/WiMAX. © 2013 IEEE.

Kunwar, R, Pal, U & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Semi-supervised Online Learning of Handwritten Characters Using a Bayesian Classifier', 2013 2nd IAPR Asian Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2013 2nd IAPR Asian Conference on Pattern Recognition (ACPR), IEEE, Naha, Japan, pp. 717-721.
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This paper addresses the problem of creating a handwritten character recognizer, which makes use of both labelled and unlabelled data to learn continuously over time to make the recognisor adaptable. The proposed method makes learning possible from a continuous inflow of a potentially unlimited amount of data without the requirement for storage. It highlights the use of unlabelled data for better parameter estimation, especially when labelled data is scarce and expensive unlike unlabelled data. We introduce an algorithm for learning from labelled and unlabelled samples based on the combination of novel online ensemble of the Randomized Naive Bayes classifiers and a novel incremental variant of the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. We make use of a weighting factor to modulate the contribution of unlabelled data. An empirical evaluation of the proposed method on Tamil handwritten base character recognition proves efficacy of the proposed method to carry out incremental semi-supervised learning and producing accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art batch learning method. Online handwritten Tamil characters from the IWFHR 2006 competition dataset was used for evaluating the proposed method. © 2013 IEEE.

Kuo, V, Fitch, R & IEEE 1970, 'Zero Mutual Interference Network for Intelligent Vehicle Communication', 2013 IEEE INTELLIGENT VEHICLES SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS (IV WORKSHOPS), Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Workshops, IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 121-126.
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We propose to enable high-throughput, scalable communication for cooperative autonomous vehicles through zero mutual interference (ZMI) networks. Cooperation in complex environments relies on wireless communication, but conventional wireless networks are not designed for cooperative autonomous vehicles and are fundamentally limited by mutual interference. Our approach is to avoid mutual interference by design; ZMI networks provide wired network properties using wireless radio links. In this paper, we present the initial instantiation of a ZMI network based on a multi-radio, multi-channel architecture. The network is constructed such that each vehicle communicates with topological neighbours using a dedicated radio and channel. We also present experimental results that compare the performance of a ZMI network to a conventional inter-vehicle communication network in a cooperative perception and control task. © 2013 IEEE.

Kusakunniran, W, Satoh, S, Jian Zhang & Qiang Wu 1970, 'Attribute-based learning for large scale object classification', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), 2013 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), IEEE, San Jose, California, USA, pp. 1-6.
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Scalability to large numbers of classes is an important challenge for multi-class classification. It can often be computationally infeasible at test phase when class prediction is performed by using every possible classifier trained for each individual class. This paper proposes an attribute-based learning method to overcome this limitation. First is to define attributes and their associations with object classes automatically and simultaneously. Such associations are learned based on greedy strategy under certain conditions. Second is to learn a classifier for each attribute instead of each class. Then, these trained classifiers are used to predict classes based on their attribute representations. The proposed method also allows trade-off between test-time complexity (which grows linearly with the number of attributes) and accuracy. Experiments based on Animals-with-Attributes and ILSVRC2010 datasets have shown that the performance of our method is promising when compared with the state-of-the-art. © 2013 IEEE.

Kutay, C, Mascarenhas, S, Paiva, A & Prada, R 1970, 'Intercultural-role plays for e-learning using emotive agents', ICAART 2013 - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence, International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 395-400.
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This paper presents joint work between an Australian team developing role-based games for experiential learning of Aboriginal culture, and a Portuguese research department developing interactive modules to create believable agent reactions in virtual environments. The game incorporates recorded stories in an online system to teach culture. Teaching scenarios group the narratives along a learning path, but their presentation in the game requires an emergent narrative to provide the flow through agents that reacts to the players' actions and enacts significant aspect of the culture. We present here the existing agent modules and how they will be used in this project and the challenges in extending the work to this new domain.

Kutay, C, Sim, M & Wain, T 1970, 'Support for Non IT Savvy Teachers to Incorporate Games', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Web-Based Learning, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Kenting, Taiwan, pp. 141-151.
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This research is to provide the tools for novice IT users to develop immersive games for teaching. The tools were developed in the context of a project in which Aboriginal Australian people, who are members of university or general communities, describe and explain their culture to non-Aboriginal students. Learning from Aboriginal cultural ways of teaching, these tools can be applied to other domains. The teaching environment includes recorded narratives in an interactive cross-cultural training game which is to be used as part of the professional preparation of students working in health. The paper focuses on the tools used to generate learning environment from the stories. This includes authoring the rules for the agent's emergent narrative in the teaching games, learning paths to link individual contribution into a coherent story, and scenarios generated using visual tools to support contributors. The tools have been used to generate prototypes from a previously collected set of stories stories, constructing scenarios by compiling them from simpler interactions and this process will be used in future story collection workshops to provide story providers with better control of how they will contribute to the teaching framework. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Laird, I & Lu, DDC 1970, 'Steady state reliability of maximum power point tracking algorithms used with a thermoelectric generator', 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS2013), 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 1316-1319.
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A thermoelectric generator (TEG) with its near linear V-I characteristic makes its operation distinct from a photovoltaic (PV) cell. However, when maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is implemented in TEG power electronic systems, the established knowledge and wisdom surrounding PV oriented MPPT systems is often applied directly without consideration of the TEG's characteristics. Unsuitable MPPT algorithms generate large operating point variations thus deteriorating the steady state performance of the TEG. Therefore an algorithm that can reliably deliver power with low steady state error over a range of operating conditions is desired. This paper compares three common MPPT methods (perturb and observe, power gradient tracking and fractional open-circuit voltage / short-circuit current), in terms of their steady state performance and reliability, when used with a 4.2 V, 3.4 A (for matched load at ΔT = 270°C) TEG module. Experimental results are reported that confirm better and more reliable steady state performance of the fractional open-circuit voltage / short-circuit current method compared to the perturb and observe and power gradient tracking algorithms. © 2013 IEEE.

Laird, J, Geers, DG, Wang, Y & Chou, CT 1970, 'Integrating video cameras for ALINEA on-ramp queue length estimation', 16th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC 2013), 2013 16th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems - (ITSC 2013), IEEE, The Hague, NETHERLANDS, pp. 1571-1578.
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Le, TM, Van Le, P, Khabbaz, H & Fatahi, B 1970, 'Stability and Deformation of Sheet Pile Walls for Protecting Riverside Structures in the Mekong River Delta', Geo-Congress 2013, Geo-Congress 2013, American Society of Civil Engineers, San Diego, California, pp. 1349-1358.
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Regions of the Mekong River Delta consist of soft soil, which causes significant issues on the stability and deformation of the surrounding structures, especially the riverside structures. Sheet pile walls are considered as one of the effective methods used to support the riverside structures against soil sliding and flooding. This paper presents a precise study on the stability and deformation of sheet pile walls constructed along the riverside areas in the Mekong River Delta. An approach founded on the limit equilibrium method is proposed to solve the equilibrium equations of lateral forces and moments. The proposed approach allows the designed depth of embedment to be determined by the factor of safety. Additionally, it is a simple method to analyze the performance of sheet walls in multi-layered ground conditions. A program code is written to implement the proposed method. In this paper, in order to evaluate the stability and deformation of the walls, the prediction results obtained by the developed method are compared to the results by finite element analysis. Furthermore, the results show that the predicted maximum lateral movement of the wall is in reasonable agreement with the field measurement. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Lee, JH, Gu, N, Ostwald, MJ & Jupp, J 1970, 'Understanding cognitive activities in parametric design', Communications in Computer and Information Science, International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures, Springer, Shanghai, China, pp. 38-49.
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Parametric design offers a new paradigm in the field of Computer-Aided Design; a paradigm focused on the potential for producing design variations. However, despite this potential, the cognitive activities associated with parametric design are not well understood. The authors of this paper present a formal method for capturing cognitive activities via protocol analysis. To support the interpretation of this method, this paper evaluates creativity implicit in design products by way of a consensual assessment technique. The findings identify two cognitive activities ('making generation' and 'changing existing parameters') as potential critical to divergent thinking and the restructuring of design components. These activities facilitate the generative aspects of parametric design. The paper concludes with a discussion of three cognitive levels (physical, perceptual and conceptual) that support an understanding of cognitive activities in parametric design. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Lee, T & Shraibman, A 1970, 'Matrix completion from any given set of observations', Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems.
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In the matrix completion problem the aim is to recover an unknown real matrix from a subset of its entries. This problem comes up in many application areas, and has received a great deal of attention in the context of the netflix prize. A central approach to this problem is to output a matrix of lowest possible complexity (e.g. rank or trace norm) that agrees with the partially specified matrix. The performance of this approach under the assumption that the revealed entries are sampled randomly has received considerable attention (e.g. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]). In practice, often the set of revealed entries is not chosen at random and these results do not apply. We are therefore left with no guarantees on the performance of the algorithm we are using. We present a means to obtain performance guarantees with respect to any set of initial observations. The first step remains the same: find a matrix of lowest possible complexity that agrees with the partially specified matrix. We give a new way to interpret the output of this algorithm by next finding a probability distribution over the non-revealed entries with respect to which a bound on the generalization error can be proven. The more complex the set of revealed entries according to a certain measure, the better the bound on the generalization error.

Lei Shi, Kodagoda, S & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Towards simultaneous place classification and object detection based on conditional random field with multiple cues', 2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2013), IEEE, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 2806-2811.
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Leijdekkers, P, Gay, V & Wong, F 1970, 'CaptureMyEmotion: a Mobile App to Improve Emotion Learning for Autistic Children Using Sensors', 2013 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER-BASED MEDICAL SYSTEMS (CBMS), IEEE International Symposium on Computer Based Medical Systems (CBMS), IEEE Computer Society, Porto, Portugal, pp. 381-384.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is estimated to affect one in eighty-eight children and many mobile apps are available from Google Play or Apple store to help these children and their carer. Our research into apps for autistic children identified that none of the apps use the full potential offered by mobile technology and sensors to overcome one of autisticc children's main difficulty: the identification and expression of emotions. This paper describes a mobile apps called CaptureMyEmotion that enables autistic childrens to take photo, videos or sounds, and at the same time senses their arousal level using a wireless sensor. It also allows the child to comment on their emotion at the time of capture. The app has the potential to help autistic children improve their emotions lerating based on their own pictures, videos or sounds. It gives the carer a means to discuss the identification and expressionn of emotions.

Leveaux, R, Sixsmith, A & Manickawasagam, S 1970, 'Examining the Perceptions of Information Technology in an Australian Financial Services Organization', CREATING GLOBAL COMPETITIVE ECONOMIES: 2020 VISION PLANNING & IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS 1-3, International Business Information Management, Rome, Italy, pp. 1826-1837.
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In recent years, technology has enabled financial services organizations to become innovators in the global market. Financial institutions are critically dependant on technology activity for daily operations and these organizations are at the forefront of business-oriented technology developments. Products like the ATM and online banking have given these organizations improved efficiency and the ability to be competitive by reducing the costs of services. Organizations invest in information technology for many reasons, for example cutting costs, increase in production and services without increasing costs, improving the quality of services or products (Lederer et al., 1998). However, in spite of these innovations, some organizations seem to struggle with alignment issues between IT and business departments resulting in an ambiguous and sometimes negative perception of IT services. This work focuses on the building of credibility through education and the development of positive perceptions of information technology. The findings provide a basis for further studies and possible trials of differing education formats in technology to further develop both the positive acceptance of business technologies and assist in improving the commercial environment.

Lezana, P, Norambuena, M, Aguilera, RP & Quevedo, DE 1970, 'Dual-stage model predictive control for Flying Capacitor Converters', IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IEEE, Vienna, Austria, pp. 5794-5799.
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In this work, we propose a dual-stage control approach for a three-phase four-level Flying Capacitor Converter. The key idea of this proposal is to combine two control strategies to govern this converter. Thus, if the system state (output currents and floating voltages) is far from the desired reference, Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control is used to quickly lead the system towards the reference. Once the system state reaches a neighborhood of the reference, the propose control strategy switches to a PWM-based linear controller to finally achieve the desired reference in a gentle manner. © 2013 IEEE.

Li, B, Hu, B, Liu, RP & Chen, S 1970, 'Modeling and QoS analysis of IEEE 802.11 broadcast scheme in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 6444-6448.
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Quality of Service (QoS) and queue management are critical issues for broadcast scheme of IEEE 802.11 systems in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs). However, existing 1-dimensional models of broadcast scheme in VANETs are unable to capture the complete QoS performance and queueing behavior due to the lack of an adequate finite buffer model. We present a 2-dimensional Markov chain that integrates the broadcast scheme of the 802.11 system and queueing processes into one model. The extra dimension, that models the queue length, accurately capture important QoS measures for realistic 802.11 broadcast systems with finite buffer under finite load. We derive an simplified method for solving the steady state probabilities of the Markov chain. The solutions are validated by extensive simulations. Based on this model, we also show numerical results to analyze the performance of the broadcast scheme in VANETs in terms of collision probability, throughput, queue length, and QoS measures, including blocking probability and queueing delay. © 2013 IEEE.

Li, F, Xu, G, Cao, L, Fan, X & Niu, Z 1970, 'CGMF: Coupled Group-Based Matrix Factorization for Recommender System', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Nanjing, China, pp. 189-198.
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With the advent of social influence, social recommender systems have become an active research topic for making recommendations based on the ratings of the users that have close social relations with the given user. The underlying assumption is that a user's taste is similar to his/her friends' in social networking. In fact, users enjoy different groups of items with different preferences. A user may be treated as trustful by his/her friends more on some specific rather than all groups. Unfortunately, most of the extant social recommender systems are not able to differentiate user's social influence in different groups, resulting in the unsatisfactory recommendation results. Moreover, most extant systems mainly rely on social relations, but overlook the influence of relations between items. In this paper, we propose an innovative coupled group-based matrix factorization model for recommender system by leveraging the user and item groups learned by topic modeling and incorporating couplings between users and items and within users and items. Experiments conducted on publicly available data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Li, J & Tao, D 1970, 'A Bayesian factorised covariance model for image analysis', IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI/AAAI, Beijing, China, pp. 1465-1471.
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This paper presents a specialised Bayesian model for analysing the covariance of data that are observed in the form of matrices, which is particularly suitable for images. Compared to existing generalpurpose covariance learning techniques, we exploit the fact that the variables are organised as an array with two sets of ordered indexes, which induces innate relationship between the variables. Specifically, we adopt a factorised structure for the covariance matrix. The covariance of two variables is represented by the product of the covariance of the two corresponding rows and that of the two columns. The factors, i.e. The row-wise and column-wise covariance matrices are estimated by Bayesian inference with sparse priors. Empirical study has been conducted on image analysis. The model first learns correlations between the rows and columns in an image plane. Then the correlations between individual pixels can be inferred by their locations. This scheme utilises the structural information of an image, and benefits the analysis when the data are damaged or insufficient.

Li, J, Li, Y, Li, W & Samali, B 1970, 'Development of adaptive seismic isolators for ultimate seismic protection of civil structures', SENSORS AND SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES FOR CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND AEROSPACE SYSTEMS 2013, Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems, SPIE, San Diego, USA, pp. 1-12.
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Base isolation is the most popular seismic protection technique for civil engineering structures. However, research has revealed that the traditional base isolation system due to its passive nature is vulnerable to two kinds of earthquakes, i.e. the near-fault and far-fault earthquakes. A great deal of effort has been dedicated to improve the performance of the traditional base isolation system for these two types of earthquakes. This paper presents a recent research breakthrough on the development of a novel adaptive seismic isolation system as the quest for ultimate protection for civil structures, utilizing the field-dependent property of the magnetorheological elastomer (MRE). A novel adaptive seismic isolator was developed as the key element to form smart seismic isolation system. The novel isolator contains unique laminated structure of steel and MR elastomer layers, which enable its large-scale civil engineering applications, and a solenoid to provide sufficient and uniform magnetic field for energizing the field-dependent property of MR elastomers. With the controllable shear modulus/damping of the MR elastomer, the developed adaptive seismic isolator possesses a controllable lateral stiffness while maintaining adequate vertical loading capacity. In this paper, a comprehensive review on the development of the adaptive seismic isolator is present including designs, analysis and testing of two prototypical adaptive seismic isolators utilizing two different MRE materials. Experimental results show that the first prototypical MRE seismic isolator can provide stiffness increase up to 37.49%, while the second prototypical MRE seismic isolator provides amazing increase of lateral stiffness up to 1630%. Such range of increase of the controllable stiffness of the seismic isolator makes it highly practical for developing new adaptive base isolation system utilizing either semi-active or smart passive controls. © 2013 SPIE.

Li, J, Wang, C, Cao, L & Yu, PS 1970, 'Efficient Selection of Globally Optimal Rules on Large Imbalanced Data Based on Rule Coverage Relationship Analysis', Proceedings of the 2013 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Proceedings of the 2013 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Austin, Texas, USA, pp. 216-224.
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Copyright © SIAM. Rule-based anomaly and fraud detection systems often suffer from massive false alerts against a huge number of enterprise transactions. A crucial and challenging problem is to effectively select a globally optimal rule set which can capture very rare anomalies dispersed in large-scale background transactions. The existing rule selection methods which suffer significantly from complex rule interactions and overlapping in large imbalanced data, often lead to very high false positive rate. In this paper, we analyze the interactions and relationships between rules and their coverage on transactions, and propose a novel metric, Max Coverage Gain. Max Coverage Gain selects the optimal rule set by evaluating the contribution of each rule in terms of overall performance to cut out those locally significant but globally redundant rules, without any negative impact on the recall. An effective algorithm, MCGminer, is then designed with a series of built-in mechanisms and pruning strategies to handle complex rule interactions and reduce computational complexity towards identifying the globally optimal rule set. Substantial experiments on 13 UCI data sets and a real time online banking transactional database demonstrate that MCGminer achieves significant improvement on both accuracy, scalability, stability and efficiency on large imbalanced data compared to several state-of-the-art rule selection techniques.

Li, JJ & Li, S 1970, 'On Finding Approximate Solutions of Qualitative Constraint Networks', 2013 IEEE 25th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, 2013 IEEE 25th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI), IEEE, Herndon, VA, USA, pp. 30-37.
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Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Reasoning (QSTR) represents spatial and temporal information in terms of human comprehensible qualitative predicates and reasons about qualitative information by solving qualitative constraint networks (QCNs). Despite significant progress in the past three decades, more and more evidence has shown that it is inherently hard to find exact solutions for expressive qualitative constraints. In many applications, however, we are often required to make decisions in a very limited time. In these cases, finding a good approximate solution in seconds is much more desirable than waiting days for an exact solution. In this paper, we will exploit the algebraic structure of qualitative calculi (e.g. Interval Algebra and RCC8) as well as their conceptual neighbourhood graphs to develop approximate methods for consistency checking in QSTR. Moreover, we propose and empirically compare four independent methods to serve as tools for finding good approximate solutions for the given qualitative calculi. © 2013 IEEE.

Li, K, Safavi-Naeini, M, Franklin, DR, Petasecca, M, Guatelli, S, Rosenfeld, AB, Hutton, BF, Lerch, MLF & IEEE 1970, 'Design and Development of PETiPIX: An Ultra High Spatial Resolution Small Animal PET Scanner', 2013 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC), IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, IEEE, Seoul, South Korea.
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PETiPIX is an ultra high spatial resolution small animal PET scanner designed for scanning of mouse brains. It utilises four state of the art pixellated silicon detectors, Timepix, in an edge-on configuration to provide a field of view (FoV) 15 mm in diameter. Each Timepix detector consists of 256×256 pixels, with pixel dimensions of 55μm×55μm× 300μm. Monte Carlo simulations have been carried to evaluate the performance of the proposed scanner. The simulated scanner achieved an overall spatial resolution of 0.29 mm (measuring at full width at half maximum (FWHM)) with a sensitivity of 0.01%. Two separate phantom studies (hot phantom and cold Jaszczk phantom) have been performed and their results demonstrate that PETiPIX is capable of achieving a high spatial resolution across its full FoV. Preliminary experiments recording recoil electrons tracks from Compton scattering events agree with the simulation results. Experiments involving two synchronised Timepix modules with a 68 Ga point source placed in the centre of the FoV demonstrated the capability of PETiPIX prototype to record true coincidence events. © 2013 IEEE.

Li, L, Chen, X & Xu, G 1970, 'Suggestions for Fresh Search Queries by Mining Mircoblog Topics', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Workshop on Behavior and Social Informatics, Springer International Publishing, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 214-223.
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Query suggestion of Web search has been an effective approach to help users quickly express their information need and more accurately get the information they need. All major web-search engines and most proposed methods that suggest queries rely on query logs of search engine to determine possible query suggestions. However, for search systems, it is much more difficult to effectively suggest relevant queries to a fresh search query which has no or few historical evidences in query logs. In this paper, we propose a suggestion approach for fresh queries by mining the new social network media, i.e, mircoblog topics. We leverage the comment information in the microblog topics to mine potential suggestions. We utilize word frequency statistics to extract a set of ordered candidate words. As soon as a user starts typing a query word, words that match with the partial user query word are selected as completions of the partial query word and are offered as query suggestions. We collect a dataset from Sina microblog topics and compare the final results by selecting different suggestion context source. The experimental results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in suggesting queries with high quality. Our conclusion is that the suggestion context source of a topic consists of the tweets from authenticated Sina users is more effective than the tweets from all Sina users. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2013.

Li, W, Cao, L, Zhao, D, Cui, X & Yang, J 1970, 'CRNN: Integrating classification rules into neural network', The 2013 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2013 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2013 - Dallas), IEEE, Dallas, TX, USA, pp. 1-8.
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Association classification has been an important type of the rule-based classification. A variety of approaches have been proposed to build a classifier based on classification rules. In the prediction stage of the extant approaches, most of the existing association classifiers use the ensemble quality measurement of each rule in a subset of rules to predict the class label of the new data. This method still suffers the following two problems. The classification rules are used individually thus the coupling relations between rules [1] are ignored in the prediction. However, in real-world rule set, rules are often inter-related and a new data object may partially satisfy many rules. Furthermore, the classification rule based prediction model lacks a general expression of the decision methodology. This paper proposes a classification method that integrating classification rules into neural network (CRNN, for short), which presents a general form of the rule based decision methodology by rule-based network. In comparison with the extant rule-based classifiers, such as C4.5, CBA, CMAR and CPAR, our approach has two advantages. First, CRNN takes the coupling relations between rules from the training data into account in the prediction step. Second, CRNN automatically obtains higher performance on the structure and parameter learning than traditional neural network. CRNN uses the linear computing algorithm in neural network instead of the costly iterative learning algorithm. Two ways of the classification rule set generation are conducted in this paper for the CRNN evaluation, and CRNN achieves the satisfactory performance. © 2013 IEEE.

Li, W, Xiao, J, Corr, DJ & Shah, SP 1970, 'Numerical modeling on the stress-strain response and fracture of modeled recycled aggregate concrete', 13th International Conference on Fracture 2013, ICF 2013, International Conference on Fracture, Beijing, China, pp. 749-759.
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According to the nanoindentation tests, the constitutive relationship of the Interfacial Transition Zones (ITZs) in Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) is proposed with a plastic-damage constitutive model. Based on the meso/micro-scale constitutive relations of mortar matrix, numerical studies were undertaken on Modeled Recycled Aggregate Concrete (MRAC) under uniaxial loadings to predict mechanical behavior, particularly the stress-strain response. The tensile stress tends to concentrate in the ITZs region, which leads to the development of microcracks. After the calibration and validation with experimental results, the effects of the mechanical properties of ITZs and new mortar matrix on the stress-strain response and fracture of MRAC were analyzed. The FEM modeling is capable of simulating the complete stress-strain relationship of MRAC, as well as the overall fracture pattern. It reveals that the mechanical properties of new mortar matrix and the corresponding new ITZ play a significant role in the overall stress-strain response and fracture process of MRAC.

Li, W, Zhao, D, Yang, J & Cao, L 1970, 'An approach of hierarchical concept clustering on Medical Short Text corpus', 2013 6th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, 2013 6th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 509-518.
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Hierarchical clustering and conceptual clustering are two important types of clustering analysis methods. A variety of approaches have been proposed in previous works. However, seldom methods are designed to run on the medical short text database and construct a hierarchical concept taxonomy. This paper proposes a new clustering method of Hierarchical Concept Clustering on Medical Short Text corpus (HCCST), which presents a new solution on actionable disease taxonomy construction from the actual medical data. Our approach has three advantages. Firstly, HCCST takes a new similarity method which covers all the problems in medical short text distance computing. Secondly, an adaptive clustering method is proposed for synonymous disease names without predefining the size of clusters. Thirdly, this paper uses a mutual information based potential hierarchy concept pair recognition method which improves the subsumption method to create hierarchical disease taxonomy. The evaluation is conducted on Chinese medical disease name text data set and the result shows that HCCST achieves satisfactory performance. © 2013 IEEE.

Li, X, Lai, CF, Yu, S, Atiquzzaman, M, Di Natale, M, Papadopoulos, GA, Yang, LT & Wu, Z 1970, 'Message from ICESS2013 Chairs', 2013 IEEE 16th International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, 2013 IEEE 16th International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE), IEEE, p. 27.
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Li, X, Zhang, L, Chen, E, Zong, Y & Xu, G 1970, 'Mining Frequent Patterns in Print Logs with Semantically Alternative Labels', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Hangzhou, pp. 107-119.
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It is common today for users to print the informative information from webpages due to the popularity of printers and internet. Thus, many web printing tools such as Smart Print and PrintUI are developed for online printing. In order to improve the users' printing experience, the interaction data between users and these tools are collected to form a so-called print log data, where each record is the set of urls selected for printing by a user within a certain period of time. Apparently, mining frequent patterns from these print log data can capture user intentions for other applications, such as printing recommendation and behavior targeting. However, mining frequent patterns by directly using url as item representation in print log data faces two challenges: data sparsity and pattern interpretability. To tackle these challenges, we attempt to leverage delicious api (a social bookmarking web service) as an external thesaurus to expand the semantics of each url by selecting tags associated with the domain of each url. In this setting, the frequent pattern mining is employed on the tag representation of each url rather than the url or domain representation. With the enhancement of semantically alternative tag representation, the semantics of url is substantially improved, thus yielding the useful frequent patterns. To this end, in this paper we propose a novel pattern mining problem, namely mining frequent patterns with semantically alternative labels, and propose an efficient algorithm named PaSAL (Frequent Patterns with Semantically Alternative Labels Mining Algorithm) for this problem. Specifically, we propose a new constraint named conflict matrix to purify the redundant patterns to achieve a high efficiency. Finally, we evaluate the proposed algorithm on a real print log data. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Li, Y, Li, J, Li, W & IEEE 1970, 'Design and Experimental Testing of an Adaptive Magneto-Rheological Elastomer Base Isolator', 2013 IEEE/ASME INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INTELLIGENT MECHATRONICS (AIM): MECHATRONICS FOR HUMAN WELLBEING, IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, IEEE, Wollongong, Australia, pp. 381-386.
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Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is known for its field-sensitive shear modulus and damping property when it is exposed to a magnetic field. It has a great potential for the development of vibration reduction devices. Many research, mostly in mechanical engineering, have been focused on different kinds of vibration absorbers and vibration isolators, however few research addresses its potential in base isolation system in civil engineering application. The objective of this paper is to pilot the design and experimental testing of a novel device, an adaptive MRE base isolator, for the development of smart base isolation system. A large-scale design of the novel device with unique laminated structure of steel and MR elastomer layers is adopted. Detailed procedures on designing such adaptive base isolator are introduced. An innovative design on the magnetic circuit, with aim to provide strong and uniform magnetic field to the multi-layer MRES, is proposed to incorporate into the device design. Experimental investigation is conducted to examine its behavior under various cycling loadings when it is applied with different current inputs. Experimental results indicated that the force increase and the stiffness increase of the novel device are about 45% and 37%, respectively. To conclude, the MR elastomer base isolator will be a promising candidate to facilitate the development of adaptive base isolation system for civil structures. © 2013 IEEE.

Li, Y, Liu, B, Rong, B, Wu, Y, Gagnon, G, Gui, L & Zhang, W 1970, 'Rate-compatible LDPC-RS product codes based on raptor-like LDPC codes', 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), IEEE.
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In this paper, we propose a novel rate-compatible LDPC-RS product code structure which combines Raptor-like LDPC codes and RS codes in a product way. While maintaining the advantages of traditional LDPC-RS product codes, such as combating different types of errors and offering various decoding solutions, the new code structure gains the feature of rate-compatibility thanks to the application of Raptor-like LDPC code as one of its component codes. To make full use of its advantages, we derive a hybrid, iterative and adaptive decoding scheme for this code structure. We show that on one hand, this decoding scheme organizes LDPC soft-decision decoding, LDPC hard-decision decoding and RS hard-decision decoding in a proper way which improves error performance as well as reduces the complexity; on the other hand, considering rate-compatibility, this scheme implements 'partial decoding' which adapts the code rate with the channel condition and further lowers the decoding complexity and system latency. This rate-compatible LDPC-RS product codes offer a potential solution for channel coding in next-generation broadcasting systems. © 2013 IEEE.

Li, Y, Shen, C, Jia, W & van den Hengel, A 1970, 'Leveraging surrounding context for scene text detection', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2013 20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 2264-2268.
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Finding text in natural images has been a challenging task in vision. At the core of state-of-the-art scene text detection algorithms are a set of text-specific features within extracted regions. In this paper, we attempt to solve this problem from a different prospective. We show that characters and non-character interferences are separable by leveraging the surrounding context. Surrounding context, in our work, is composed of two components which are computed in an information-theoretic fashion. Minimization of an energy cost function yields a binary label for each region, which indicates the category it belongs to. The proposed algorithm is fast, discriminative and tolerant to character variations and involves minimal parameter tuning. © 2013 IEEE.

Li, Y, Wang, J & Kong, X 1970, 'Zero velocity update with stepwise smoothing for inertial pedestrian navigation', International Global Navigation Satellite Systems Society 2013 Symposium Proceedings, International Global Navigation Satellite Systems Society, Menay Pty Ltd, Australia, Surfers Paradise, Australia, pp. 1-10.
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Zero velocity update (ZUPT) is an effective way to correct low cost inertial measurement unit (IMU) errors when it is foot-mounted for pedestrian navigation. The stance phase in steps provides zero velocity measurement for inertial sensor error correction. As the errors of IMU estimated position and velocity grow rapidly with time between each correction, ZUPT applied at each step leads to sharp corrections and discontinuities in the estimated trajectory. For motion analysis and visualization, these large corrections are undesirable. Consequently, the implementation of smoothing for ZUPT-aided INS is considered to eliminate the sharp corrections. In this paper, we propose a closed loop Rauch-Tung-Striebel (RTS) smoother using a 24 error states extended Kalman filter (EKF) implement on our previous pedestrian navigation systems. Unlike common RTS smoother which operates as off-line processing mode, a near-real-time stepwise smoother is implemented to eliminate the sharp corrections over the steps. The impact of the near real-time smoothing filter for different step manners (walk, run and climb stairs) combined with the Constant Velocity Update (CUPT) concept we proposed previously is illustrated and analysed. Experimental results show that the proposed method can dramatically improve pedestrian navigation smoothness.

Li, Z, Sharma, M, Khalilpour, R & Abbas, A 1970, 'Optimal Operation of Solvent-based Post-combustion Carbon Capture Processes with Reduced Models', Energy Procedia, International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Technologies (GHGT), Elsevier BV, Kyoto, JAPAN, pp. 1500-1508.
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Liang, B 1970, 'Gesture recognition using depth images', Proceedings of the 15th ACM on International conference on multimodal interaction, ICMI '13: 2013 International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, ACM, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 353-356.
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Liang, B & Zheng, L 1970, 'Three Dimensional Motion Trail Model for Gesture Recognition', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCVW), IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 684-691.
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Liang, J, Simoff, S, Nguyen, QV & Huang, ML 1970, 'Visualizing large trees with divide & conquer partition', Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction, VINCI '13: The 6th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction, ACM, Tianjin, China, pp. 79-87.
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While prior works on enclosure approach, guarantees the space utilization of a single geometrical area, mostly rectangle, this paper proposes a flexible enclosure tree layout method for partitioning various polygonal shapes that break through the limitation of rectangular constraint. Similar to Treemap techniques, it uses enclosure to divide display space into smaller areas for its sub-hierarchies. The algorithm can partition a polygonal shape or even an arbitrary shape into smaller polygons, rotated rectangles or vertical-horizontal rectangles. The proposed method and implementation algorithms provide an effective interactive visualization tool for partitioning large hierarchical structures within a confined display area with different shapes for real-time applications. We demonstrated the effective of the new method with a case study, an automated evaluation and a usability study. © 2013 ACM.

Lieber, D, Stolpe, M, Konrad, B, Deuse, J & Morik, K 1970, 'Quality Prediction in Interlinked Manufacturing Processes based on Supervised & Unsupervised Machine Learning', Procedia CIRP, Elsevier BV, pp. 193-198.
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In the context of a rolling mill case study, this paper presents a methodical framework based on data mining for predicting the physical quality of intermediate products in interlinked manufacturing processes. In the first part, implemented data preprocessing and feature extraction components of the Inline Quality Prediction System are introduced. The second part shows how the combination of supervised and unsupervised data mining methods can be applied to identify most striking operational patterns, promising quality-related features and production parameters. The results indicate how sustainable and energy-efficient interlinked manufacturing processes can be achieved by the application of data mining. © 2013 The Authors.

Lin, C-T, Prasad, M & Chang, J-Y 1970, 'Designing mamdani type fuzzy rule using a collaborative FCM scheme', 2013 International Conference on Fuzzy Theory and Its Applications (iFUZZY), 2013 International Conference on Fuzzy Theory and Its Applications (iFUZZY), IEEE, Taipei, TAIWAN, pp. 279-282.
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This paper presents a new approach for generating fuzzy rules for fuzzy inference system by using collaborative fuzzy c-mean (CFCM). In order to do any mode of integration between datasets, there is a need to define the common feature between datasets by using some kind of collaborative process and also need to preserve the privacy and security at higher levels. This collaboration process gives a common structure between datasets which helps to define an appropriate number of rules for structural learning and also improve the accuracy of the system modeling. This all consideration bring the concept of collaborative fuzzy rule generation process with a quality measuring. © 2013 IEEE.

Lin, C-T, Wang, Y-K, Fan, J-W & Chen, S-A 1970, 'The influence of acute stress on brain dynamics', 2013 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence, Cognitive Algorithms, Mind, and Brain (CCMB), 2013 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence, Cognitive Algorithms, Mind, and Brain (CCMB), IEEE, Singapore, pp. 6-10.
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Living under high stress may be unhealthy. This study explores electroencephalography (EEG) correlated with stressful circumstances by using the task-switching paradigm with feedback information. According to the behavioral and physiological evidence, acute stress created by this paradigm affected the performance of participants. Under stress, the participants responded quickly and inaccurately. The EEG results correlated with acute stress were found in the frontal midline cortex, especially on the theta and alpha bands. These specific factors are considered importance features for detecting the influence of stress by applying various machine-learning methods and neuro-fuzzy systems. This comprehensive study can provide knowledge for studying stress and designing Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems in the future. © 2013 IEEE.

Lin, Q, Zhang, Y, Zhang, W & Lin, X 1970, 'AVR-Tree: Speeding Up the NN and ANN Queries on Location Data', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Database Systems for Advanced Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, China, pp. 116-130.
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In the paper, we study the problems of nearest neighbor queries (NN) and all nearest neighbor queries (ANN) on location data, which have a wide range of applications such as Geographic Information System (GIS) and Location based Service (LBS). We propose a new structure, termed AVR-Tree, based on the R-tree and Voronoi diagram techniques. Compared with the existing indexing techniques used for NN and ANN queries on location data, AVR-Tree can achieve a better tradeoff between the pruning effectiveness and the index size for NN and ANN queries. We also conduct a comprehensive performance evaluation for the proposed techniques based on both real and synthetic data, which shows that AVR-Tree based NN and ANN algorithms achieve better performance compared with their best competitors in terms of both CPU and I/O costs. © Springer-Verlag 2013.

Linares Mustaros, S, Gil Lafuente, AM, Ferrer Comalat, JC & Merigo, JM 1970, 'A MODEL FOR THE GENERALIZATION OF THE FORGOTTEN EFFECTS', DECISION MAKING SYSTEMS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, International Conference on Modeling and Simulation in Engineering, Economics and Management for Sustainable Development, WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL, pp. 495-508.

Linares-Mustarós, S, Merigó, JM & Ferrer-Comalat, JC 1970, 'PEV: A Computer Program for Fuzzy Sales Forecasting', MODELING AND SIMULATION IN ENGINEERING, ECONOMICS, AND MANAGEMENT, International Conference on Modeling and Simulation in Engineering, Economics, and Management, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Castellon de la Plana, SPAIN, pp. 200-209.
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Ling, L, Cheng, E, Burnett, IS & IEEE 1970, 'AN ITERATED EXTENDED KALMAN FILTER FOR 3D MAPPING VIA KINECT CAMERA', 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (ICASSP), IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 1773-1777.
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This paper proposes the use of the Iterated Extended Kalman Filter (IEKF) in a real-time 3D mapping framework applied to Microsoft Kinect RGB-D data. Standard EKF techniques typically used for 3D mapping are susceptible to errors introduced during the state prediction linearization and measurement prediction. When models are highly nonlinear due to measurement errors e.g., outliers, occlusions and feature initialization errors, the errors propagate and directly result in divergence and estimation inconsistencies. To prevent linearized error propagation, this paper proposes repetitive linearization of the nonlinear measurement model to provide a running estimate of camera motion. The effects of iterated-EKF are experimentally simulated with synthetic map and landmark data on a range and bearing camera model. It was shown that the IEKF measurement update outperforms the EKF update when the state causes nonlinearities in the measurement function. In the real indoor environment 3D mapping experiment, more robust convergence behavior for the IEKF was demonstrated, whilst the EKF updates failed to converge. © 2013 IEEE.

Liu, B, Xiao, Y, Yu, PS, Cao, L & Hao, Z 1970, 'Robust Textual Data Streams Mining Based on Continuous Transfer Learning', Proceedings of the 2013 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Proceedings of the 2013 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Austin, Texas, USA, pp. 731-739.
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Copyright © SIAM. In textual data stream environment, concept drift can occur at any time, existing approaches partitioning streams into chunks can have problem if the chunk boundary does not coincide with the change point which is impossible to predict. Since concept drift can occur at any point of the streams, it will certainly occur within chunks, which is called random concept drift. The paper proposed an approach, which is called chunk level-based concept drift method (CLCD), that can overcome this chunking problem by continuously monitoring chunk characteristics to revise the classifier based on transfer learning in positive and unlabeled (PU) textual data stream environment. Our proposed approach works in three steps. In the first step, we propose core vocabulary-based criteria to justify and identify random concept drift. In the second step, we put forward the extension of LELC (PU learning by extracting likely positive and negative microclusters)[ 1], called soft-LELC, to extract representative examples from unlabeled data, and assign a confidence score to each extracted example. The assigned confidence score represents the degree of belongingness of an example towards its corresponding class. In the third step, we set up a transfer learning-based SVM to build an accurate classifier for the chunks where concept drift is identified in the first step. Extensive experiments have shown that CLCD can capture random concept drift, and outperforms state-of-the-art methods in positive and unlabeled textual data stream environments.

Liu, C, Chen, L & Zhang, C 1970, 'Mining Probabilistic Representative Frequent Patterns From Uncertain Data', Proceedings of the 2013 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Proceedings of the 2013 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Austin, Texas, USA, pp. 73-81.
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Copyright © SIAM. Probabilistic frequent pattern mining over uncertain data has received a great deal of attention recently due to the wide applications of uncertain data. Similar to its counterpart in deterministic databases, however, probabilistic frequent pattern mining suffers from the same problem of generating an exponential number of result patterns. The large number of discovered patterns hinders further evaluation and analysis, and calls for the need to find a small number of representative patterns to approximate all other patterns. This paper formally defines the problem of probabilistic representative frequent pattern (P-RFP) mining, which aims to find the minimal set of patterns with sufficiently high probability to represent all other patterns. The problem's bottleneck turns out to be checking whether a pattern can probabilistically represent another, which involves the computation of a joint probability of supports of two patterns. To address the problem, we propose a novel and efficient dynamic programming-based approach. Moreover, we have devised a set of effective optimization strategies to further improve the computation efficiency. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed P-RFP mining effectively reduces the size of probabilistic frequent patterns. Our proposed approach not only discovers the set of P-RFPs efficiently, but also restores the frequency probability information of patterns with an error guarantee.

Liu, C, Chen, L & Zhang, C 1970, 'Summarizing probabilistic frequent patterns', Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, KDD' 13: The 19th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, ACM, Chicago, Illinois USA, pp. 527-535.
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Copyright © 2013 ACM. Mining probabilistic frequent patterns from uncertain data has received a great deal of attention in recent years due to the wide applications. However, probabilistic frequent pattern mining suffers from the problem that an exponential number of result patterns are generated, which seriously hinders further evaluation and analysis. In this paper, we focus on the problem of mining probabilistic representative frequent patterns (P-RFP), which is the minimal set of patterns with adequately high probability to represent all frequent patterns. Observing the bottleneck in checking whether a pattern can probabilistically represent another, which involves the computation of a joint probability of the supports of two patterns, we introduce a novel approximation of the joint probability with both theoretical and empirical proofs. Based on the approximation, we propose an Approximate P-RFP Mining (APM) algorithm, which effectively and efficiently compresses the set of probabilistic frequent patterns. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to analyze the relationship between two probabilistic frequent patterns through an approximate approach. Our experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that the APM algorithm accelerates P-RFP mining dramatically, orders of magnitudes faster than an exact solution. Moreover, the error rate of APM is guaranteed to be very small when the database contains hundreds transactions, which further affirms APM is a practical solution for summarizing probabilistic frequent patterns.

Liu, H, Derawi, D, Kim, J & Zhong, Y 1970, 'Robust optimal attitude control of multirotors', Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA, Australian Robotics and Automation Association.
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In this paper, a robust and optimal control method is proposed for the attitude control problem of multirotors. The designed controller consists of an optimal controller and a robust compensator. The optimal controller is designed based on the linear quadratic regulation control method for the desired tracking of the nominal linear system, whereas the robust compensator is introduced to restrain the influence of multiple uncertainties. Tracking errors are proven to be bounded with specified boundaries ultimately. Simulation and experimental results on the hexarotor demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust optimal control approach.

Liu, H, Hou, X, Kim, J & Zhong, Y 1970, 'Real-time implementation of a decoupled and robust velocity controller for quadrotors', 2013 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS), 2013 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS), IEEE, pp. 615-62.
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Liu, H, Xu, D, Huang, Q, Li, W, Xu, M & Lin, S 1970, 'Semantically-Based Human Scanpath Estimation with HMMs', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 3232-3239.
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We present a method for estimating human scan paths, which are sequences of gaze shifts that follow visual attention over an image. In this work, scan paths are modeled based on three principal factors that influence human attention, namely low-level feature saliency, spatial position, and semantic content. Low-level feature saliency is formulated as transition probabilities between different image regions based on feature differences. The effect of spatial position on gaze shifts is modeled as a Levy flight with the shifts following a 2D Cauchy distribution. To account for semantic content, we propose to use a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) with a Bag-of-Visual-Words descriptor of image regions. An HMM is well-suited for this purpose in that 1) the hidden states, obtained by unsupervised learning, can represent latent semantic concepts, 2) the prior distribution of the hidden states describes visual attraction to the semantic concepts, and 3) the transition probabilities represent human gaze shift patterns. The proposed method is applied to task-driven viewing processes. Experiments and analysis performed on human eye gaze data verify the effectiveness of this method. © 2013 IEEE.

Liu, Q, Yin, J & Yu, S 1970, 'A Bio-inspired Jamming Detection and Restoration for WMNs: In View of Adaptive Immunology', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer International Publishing, pp. 243-257.
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The wireless mesh network is vulnerable to jamming attacks due to open share of physical medium. Since such attacks induce severe interferences resulting in denial of regular service, highly efficient detection and restoration methods are vital for a secure wireless mesh network. On the other hand, artificial immune mechanisms originated from the immunology are considerable methods to inspire design of an detection and restoration system. In this paper, we propose an immunological anti-jamming method as per the adaptive immune system of human beings to defeat the reactive jamming. The proposed method consists three function modules, i.e., the monitoring agent for monitoring the packet reception, the decision agent for detecting attacks and the recovery agent for restoring the network from the ongoing attacks. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective to defeat the reactive jamming and to maintain considerable performance of the overall network. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2013.

Liu, RP, Sutton, GJ & Collings, IB 1970, 'Power save with Offset Listen Interval for IEEE 802.11ah Smart Grid communications', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 4488-4492.
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Communication is an enabling technology for the efficient control and management of next-generation Smart Grids. Energy conservation of the communication devices is essential for future large scale deployment of Smart Grid communication networks. However, existing power save protocols experience high contention in Smart Grid communication networks that have a large number of nodes and periodic traffic. We design a new energy conservation protocol, Power Save with Offset Listen Interval (PS-OLi), to address such contention problems. PS-OLi avoids message collisions by controlling the station wake up time with a calculated offset. A new analytical model is developed to characterize the power save performance of networks with periodic traffic. Simulation results show that our analytical model accurately predicts the collision probability and packet delay. We use our model to evaluate the energy efficiency of PS-OLi and standard power save protocols. Our results show that PS-OLi extends the lifetime of a Smart Grid communication network by more than 10%. © 2013 IEEE.

Lloret-Cabot, M & Sheng, D 1970, 'Coupling between mechanical and water retention behaviour in unsaturated soils', Computational Geomechanics, COMGEO III - Proceedings of the 3nd International Symposium on Computational Geomechanics, pp. 32-41.
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The importance of incorporating appropriate coupling mechanisms between the mechanical and the water retention behaviour in a constitutive model of unsaturated soils has been demonstrated in a number of studies (e.g. Wheeler et al., 2003; Sheng & Zhou, 2011; Zhou et al., 2012). For example, the experimental results of Romero (1999) on Boom clay show that the water retention behaviour exhibits a significant dependence on the void ratio, or the data from Sharma (1998) demonstrates that the occurrence of different degrees of saturation at the same value of suction, as a consequence of hydraulic hysteresis, can influence the mechanical response of the soil. This paper analyses how the experimentally observed coupled behaviour in unsaturated soils is incorporated in two well-established constitutive models. A brief introduction of the considered models is presented first, followed by a description on how these models account for the coupling between water retention and mechanical behaviour. In order to investigate further the proposed relationships for the couplings, a number of fictitious stress paths are simulated to analyze the volumetric and water retention predictions given by each of the models used.

Long, G & Jiang, J 1970, 'Graph based feature augmentation for short and sparse text classification', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 456-467.
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Short text classification, such as snippets, search queries, micro-blogs and product reviews, is a challenging task mainly because short texts have insufficient co-occurrence information between words and have a very spare document-term representation. To address this problem, we propose a novel multi-view classification method by combining both the original document-term representation and a new graph based feature representation. Our proposed method uses all documents to construct a neighbour graph by using the shared co-occurrence words. Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) is further applied to extract a low-dimensional feature representation from the graph, which is augmented with the original text features for learning. Experiments on several benchmark datasets show that the proposed multi-view classifier, trained from augmented feature representation, obtains significant performance gain compared to the baseline methods. © Springer-Verlag 2013.

Lu, HN, Wei, DB, Jiang, ZY, Wu, D & Zhao, XM 1970, 'Study on the influence of temperature on the surface asperity in micro cross wedge rolling', AIP Conference Proceedings, THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUMERICAL METHODS IN INDUSTRIAL FORMING PROCESSES: NUMIFORM 2013, AIP, Shenyang, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1032-1037.
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When the common deformation processes are scaled down to micro/meso dimensions, size effect is the particular phenomena in microforming, which is related to the dominant influence of single grains inside the micropart. The conventional cross wedge rolling (CWR) is introduced into the micro scale in order to take the advantages of CWR. The micro cross wedge rolling (MCWR) has to confront with the phenomena of size effect that occurs in the common microforming processes inevitably. One of the approaches to compensate size effect is to increase the deforming temperature. An increased formability is achieved because more slip systems of polycrystal metal are activated at the elevated temperature. This reduces the anisotropic material behavior resulting in a more homogeneous forming with improved reproducibility. In this study, a YAG laser beam is applied to heat the workpiece. Finite element model (FEM) associated with a material constitutive formulation considering dislocation mechanics is set up to simulate the MCWR of pure copper utilizing the laser heating. The surface asperity as an indication of material heterogeneity in micro scale is quantitatively analysed. The simulation results show a good agreement with experimental results in terms of the surface asperity.

Ma, J, Lin, H, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'A hybrid model for migrating customer segmentation with missing attributes', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2013 JOINT IFSA WORLD CONGRESS AND NAFIPS ANNUAL MEETING (IFSA/NAFIPS), Joint IFSA World Congress NAFIPS Annual Meeting, IEEE, Edmonton, Canada, pp. 825-830.
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Due to missing attributes in an enterprise's database, migrating customer segmentation results from external dataset to enterprise database in difficult. In this paper, a hybrid model, called HMCS model, is presented. This model artificially generates values of missing attributes based on external dataset and populates them to enterprise database. Based on this model, an application in a telecom application is reported. Application indicates the presented model can produce acceptable segmentation results on the enterprise dataset which is with missing attributes.

Ma, Z, Yang, Y, Xu, Z, Sebe, N & Hauptmann, AG 1970, 'We are not equally negative', Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Multimedia, MM '13: ACM Multimedia Conference, ACM, Barcelona, Spain.
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Machet, T & Lowe, D 1970, 'Issues integrating remote laboratories into virtual worlds', 30th Annual conference on Australian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, ASCILITE 2013, Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, pp. 521-525.
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Laboratory work in education has long been recognised as providing real benefits to students. Increasingly, remotely accessible laboratories are being used for laboratory work in the sciences and engineering, providing students with remote access to real equipment while delivering additional benefits to institutions. There is an increasing focus on how these labs may improve laboratory learning outcomes. One potential enhancement, resulting from their mediated interface, is the ability to add contextual information to a laboratory activity. Virtual worlds have been identified as a rich environment for providing contextual information. However, the reported examples of real equipment laboratories integrated into a virtual world are specific to the laboratory. This paper describes a more generic approach to interfacing a virtual world, Open Wonderland, to laboratories which use the MIT iLabs platform. The paper reports on the issues involved in the interface and the strengths and limitations of this system.

Mairiza, D, Zowghi, D & Gervasi, V 1970, 'Conflict characterization and Analysis of Non Functional Requirements: An experimental approach', 2013 IEEE 12th International Conference on Intelligent Software Methodologies, Tools and Techniques (SoMeT), 2013 IEEE 12th International Conference on Intelligent Software Methodologies, Tools and Techniques (SoMeT), IEEE, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 83-91.
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Prior studies reveal that conflicts among Non Functional Requirements (NFRs) are not always absolute. They can also be relative depending on the context of the system being developed.

Malik, MI, Liwicki, M, Alewijnse, L, Ohyama, W, Blumenstein, M & Found, B 1970, 'ICDAR 2013 Competitions on Signature Verification and Writer Identification for On- and Offline Skilled Forgeries (SigWiComp 2013)', 2013 12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2013 12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), IEEE, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 1477-1483.
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This paper presents the results of the ICDAR2013 competitions on signature verification and writer identification for on- and offline skilled forgeries jointly organized by PR researchers and Forensic Handwriting Examiners (FHEs). The aim is to bridge the gap between recent technological developments and forensic casework. Two modalities (signatures, and handwritten text) are considered where training and evaluation data (in Dutch and Japanese) were collected and provided by FHEs and PR-researchers. Four tasks were defined where the systems had to perform Dutch offline signature verification, Japanese offline signature verification, Japanese online signature verification, and Dutch writer identification. The participants of the signatures modality were motivated to report their results in Likelihood Ratios (LR). This has made the systems even more interesting for application in forensic casework. For evaluation of signatures modality, we used both the traditional Equal Error Rate (EER) and forensically substantial Cost of Log Likelihood Ratios (Cllr). The system having the smallest value of the Minimum Cost of Log Likelihood Ratio (Cllrmin) is declared winner. For evaluation of the handwritten text modality, we used the precision and accuracy measures and winners are announced on the basis of best F-measure value. © 2013 IEEE.

Mandal, R, Roy, PP, Pal, U & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Signature segmentation and recognition from scanned documents', 2013 13th International Conference on Intellient Systems Design and Applications, 2013 13th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA), IEEE, Bangi, Malaysia, pp. 80-85.
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© 2013 IEEE. Signature as a query is important for content-based document image retrieval from a scanned document repository. This paper presents a two-stage approach towards automatic signature segmentation and recognition from scanned document images. In the first stage, signature blocks are segmented from the document using word-wise component extraction and classification. Gradient based features are extracted from each component at the word level to perform the classification task. In the 2nd stage, SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) descriptors and Spatial Pyramid Matching (SPM)-based approaches are used for signature recognition. Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are employed as the classifier for both levels in this experiment. The experiments are performed on the publicly available 'Tobacco-800' and GPDS [1] datasets and the results obtained from the experiments are promising.

Manh, DP, Thi, TVN & Quang, VT 1970, 'Navigation of Networked Mobile Robot Using Behavior-based Model', 2013 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION AND INFORMATION SCIENCES (ICCAIS), 2nd International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS), IEEE, Nha Trang, VIETNAM.

Mans, B & Mathieson, L 1970, 'On the Treewidth of Dynamic Graphs', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 349-360.
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Dynamic graph theory is a novel, growing area that deals with graphs that change over time and is of great utility in modelling modern wireless, mobile and dynamic environments. As a graph evolves, possibly arbitrarily, it is challenging to identify the graph properties that can be preserved over time and understand their respective computability. In this paper we are concerned with the treewidth of dynamic graphs. We focus on metatheorems, which allow the generation of a series of results based on general properties of classes of structures. In graph theory two major metatheorems on treewidth provide complexity classifications by employing structural graph measures and finite model theory. Courcelle's Theorem gives a general tractability result for problems expressible in monadic second order logic on graphs of bounded treewidth, and Frick & Grohe demonstrate a similar result for first order logic and graphs of bounded local treewidth. We extend these theorems by showing that dynamic graphs of bounded (local) treewidth where the length of time over which the graph evolves and is observed is finite and bounded can be modelled in such a way that the (local) treewidth of the underlying graph is maintained. We show the application of these results to problems in dynamic graph theory and dynamic extensions to static problems. In addition we demonstrate that certain widely used dynamic graph classes naturally have bounded local treewidth. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Mao, R, Wu, Q, Qiao, Y, Bai, L & Yang, J 1970, 'Multi-view urban scene reconstruction in non-uniform volume', SPIE Proceedings, Sixth International Conference on Machine Vision (ICMV 13), SPIE, London, United Kingdom.
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This paper presents a new fully automatic approach for multi-view urban scene reconstruction. Our algorithm is based on the Manhattan-World assumption, which can provide compact models while preserving fidelity of synthetic architectures. Starting from a dense point cloud, we extract its main axes by global optimization, and construct a nonuniform volume based on them. A graph model is created from volume facets rather than voxels. Appropriate edge weights are defined to ensure the validity and quality of the surface reconstruction. Compared with the common pointcloud- to-model methods, the proposed methodology exploits image information to unveil the real structures of holes in the point cloud. Experiments demonstrate the encouraging performance of the algorithm. © 2013 SPIE.

Marjanovic, O 1970, 'Knowledge-Intensive Healthcare Processes: Rethinking Business Process Ownership.', HICSS, 46th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), IEEE Computer Society, Maui, HI, pp. 3416-3425.
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Marjanovic, O 1970, 'Organizational Design of Innovative Education - Insights from a Combined Design and Action Research Project.', DESRIST, 8th DESRIST International Conference, Springer, Helsinki, FINLAND, pp. 212-227.

Marjanovic, O 1970, 'Sharing and Reuse of Innovative Teaching Practices in Emerging Business Analytics Discipline.', HICSS, 46th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), IEEE Computer Society, Maui, HI, pp. 50-59.
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Matsuura, M, Tsutsui, H & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Realtime transmission of full high-definition 30 frames/s videos over 8&#x00D7;8 MIMO-OFDM channels using HACP-based lossless coding', 2013 13th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2013 13th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE.
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McGregor, C 1970, 'A platform for real-time online health analytics during spaceflight', 2013 IEEE Aerospace Conference, 2013 IEEE Aerospace Conference, IEEE.
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Monitoring the health and wellbeing of astronauts during spaceflight is an important aspect of any manned mission. To date the monitoring has been based on a sequential set of discontinuous samplings of physiological data to support initial studies on aspects such as weightlessness, and its impact on the cardiovascular system and to perform proactive monitoring for health status. The research performed and the real-time monitoring has been hampered by the lack of a platform to enable a more continuous approach to real-time monitoring. While any spaceflight is monitored heavily by Mission Control, an important requirement within the context of any spaceflight setting and in particular where there are extended periods with a lack of communication with Mission Control, is the ability for the mission to operate in an autonomous manner. This paper presents a platform to enable real-time astronaut monitoring for prognostics and health management within space medicine using online health analytics. The platform is based on extending previous online health analytics research known as the Artemis and Artemis Cloud platforms which have demonstrated their relevance for multi-patient, multi-diagnosis and multi-stream temporal analysis in real-time for clinical management and research within Neonatal Intensive Care. Artemis and Artemis Cloud source data from a range of medical devices capable of transmission of the signal via wired or wireless connectivity and hence are well suited to process real-time data acquired from astronauts. A key benefit of this platform is its ability to monitor their health and wellbeing onboard the mission as well as enabling the astronaut's physiological data, and other clinical data, to be sent to the platform components at Mission Control at each stage when that communication is available. As a result, researchers at Mission Control would be able to simulate, deploy and tailor predictive analytics and diagnostics during the same spaceflight for...

McGregor, C 1970, 'Wearable monitors on babies: Big data saving little people', 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS): Social Implications of Wearable Computing and Augmediated Reality in Everyday Life, 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS), IEEE.
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McGregor, C, James, A, Eklund, M, Sow, D, Ebling, M & Blount, M 1970, 'Real-time multidimensional temporal analysis of complex high volume physiological data streams in the neonatal intensive care unit.', Stud Health Technol Inform, 14th World Congress on Medical and Health Informatics (MEDINFO), IOS PRESS, Netherlands, pp. 362-366.
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The intensive care of immature preterm infants is a challenging, dynamic clinical task that is complicated because these infants frequently develop a range of comorbidities as they grow and develop after their premature birth. Earliest reliable condition onset detection is a goal within this setting and high frequency physiological analysis is showing potential new pathophysiological indicators for earlier onset detection of several conditions. To realise this, a platform for multi-stream, multi-condition, multi-feature risk scoring is required. In this paper we demonstrate our multi-stream online analytics approach for condition onset detection and demonstrate a user interface approach for patient state that can be available in real-time to support condition risk scoring.

McMahon, N, Wyeth, P & Johnson, D 1970, 'Exploring the role of activity in genre', Proceedings of The 9th Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment: Matters of Life and Death, IE'2013: The 9th Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment -, ACM.
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Mearns, H & Leaney, J 1970, 'The Use of Autonomic Management in Multi-provider Telecommunication Services', 2013 20th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Engineering of Computer Based Systems (ECBS), 2013 20th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Engineering of Computer Based Systems (ECBS), IEEE, Scottsdale, USA, pp. 129-138.
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The continuing expansion of telecommunication service domains, from Quality of Service guaranteed connectivity to ubiquitous cloud environments, has introduced an ever increasing level of complexity in the field of service management. This complexity arises not only from the sheer variability in service requirements but also through the required but ill-defined interaction of multiple organisations and providers. As a result of this complexity and variability, the provisioning and performance of current services is adversely affected, often with little or no accountability to the users of the service.This exposes a need for total coverage in the management of such complex services, a system which provides for service responsibility. Service responsibility is defined as the provisioning of service resilience and the judgement of service risk across all the service components. To be effective in responsible management for current complex services, any framework must be able to interact with multiple providers and management systems. The CARMA framework upon which we are working, aims to fulfil these requirements through a multi-agent system, that is based in a global market, and can negotiate and be responsible for multiple complex services.To this end the research aims to present the architecture, agent functionality and interactions of the CARMA system, as well as the structure of the marketplace, contract specification and risk management.As the scope and concepts of the proposed system are relatively unexplored, a model and simulation was developed to verify the concepts, explore the issues, assess the assumptions and validate the system. The results of the simulation determined that the introduction of CARMA has the potential to reduce the risk in contracting new services, increase the reliability of contracted services, and increase the utility of providers participating in the market. © 2013 IEEE.

Memon, T, Lu, J & Hussain, FK 1970, 'An Enhanced Mental Model Elicitation Technique to Improve Mental Model Accuracy', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer, Daegu, South Korea, pp. 82-89.
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The causal mental model representation has been used extensively in decision support. Due to limited information requirements of this representation, that is concepts and relationships, the users are required to articulate only the mental models, without invoking the corresponding experiential knowledge stored in associative memory. The elicitation of mental models without being endorsed by experiential knowledge may lead to inaccurate, invalidated or biased mental models, and espoused theories, being stored for decision making. We introduce SDA articulation/ elicitation cycle, which invokes a users associative memory during the articulation/elicitation process to validate mental models. It is argued in this paper that by engaging associative memory during the mental model articulation/elicitation process, the accuracy and validity of mental models can be improved, the biases can be reduced, and the theories-in-use can be elicited rather than the espoused theories. A case study is presented to demonstrate the working and contributions of the SDA articulation/elicitation cycle.

Memon, T, Lu, J & Hussain, FK 1970, 'An Enhanced Mental Model Elicitation Technique to Improve Mental Model Accuracy', Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Neural Information Processing, International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Daegu, Korea, pp. 82-89.
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Memon, T, Lu, J, Hussain, FK & Rauniyar, R 1970, 'Subject-Oriented Semantic Knowledge Warehouse (SSKW) to Support Cognitive DSS', ON THE MOVE TO MEANINGFUL INTERNET SYSTEMS: OTM 2013 CONFERENCES, International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems, Springer, Graz, Austria, pp. 291-299.
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The communication between cognitive DSS and data warehouse tends to be inefficient due to their contradictory knowledge/data oriented nature. Data-to-knowledge conversion requires specialized techniques, whereas knowledge-to-data conversion results in loss of knowledge. To address these issues, a subject-oriented semantic knowledge warehouse (SSKW) is proposed, to provide relevant and precise knowledge to CDSS. The SSKW consists of: a) object/process/event/relationship (OPER) model to store domain knowledge in a unified fashion; and, b) a subjective view database, containing opinions of stakeholders about various OPER knowledge elements. A case study to compare the performance of the SSKW-based CDSS against a DW-based CDSS is presented. The results show that SSKW improves communication efficiency, provides relevant and precise domain knowledge to CDSS in less decision cycles, minimizes the loss of knowledge, and helps decision maker to quickly grasp the decision situation through its human-centric nature.

Meng, Q & Kennedy, PJ 1970, 'Discovering influential authors in heterogeneous academic networks by a co-ranking method', Proceedings of the 22nd ACM international conference on Conference on information & knowledge management - CIKM '13, the 22nd ACM international conference, ACM Press, San Francisco, California, USA, pp. 1029-1036.
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Research in ranking networked entities is widely applicable to many problems such as optimizing search engines, building recommendation systems and discovering influential nodes in social networks. However, many famous ranking approaches like PageRank are limited to solving this problem in homogeneous networks and are not applicable to heterogeneous networks. Faced with this problem, we propose a co--ranking method to evaluate scientific publications and authors. This novel approach is a flexible framework based on a set of customized rules taking into account both topological features of networks and the included citations. The approach ranks authors and publications iteratively and uses the results of each round to reinforce the ranks of authors and publications. Unlike traditional approaches to assessing publication, which require a great number of citations, our method lowers this requirement. This co--ranking approach has been validated using data collected from DBLP and CiteSeer, and the results suggest that it is effective and efficient in ranking authors and publications based on limited numbers of citations in heterogeneous networks and that it has fast convergence.

Merige, JM, Jian-Bo Yang & Dong-Ling Xu 1970, 'Supply Analysis and Aggregation Systems', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC 2013), IEEE, Manchester, ENGLAND, pp. 97-102.
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Merigó, JM, Guillén, M & Sarabia, JM 1970, 'A Generalization of the Variance by Using the Ordered Weighted Average', MODELING AND SIMULATION IN ENGINEERING, ECONOMICS, AND MANAGEMENT, International Conference on Modeling and Simulation in Engineering, Economics, and Management, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Castellon de la Plana, SPAIN, pp. 222-231.
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Merigó, JM, Yang, J-B & Xu, D-L 1970, 'Decision Making with Fuzzy Moving Averages and OWA Operators', MODELING AND SIMULATION IN ENGINEERING, ECONOMICS, AND MANAGEMENT, International Conference on Modeling and Simulation in Engineering, Economics, and Management, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Castellon de la Plana, SPAIN, pp. 210-221.
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Metia, S, Oduro, SD, Ha, QP & Duc, H 1970, 'Environmental Time Series Analysis and Estimation with Extended Kalman Filtering', 2013 FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, MODELLING AND SIMULATION (AIMS 2013), International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Modelling and Simulation, IEEE, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, pp. 235-240.
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© 2013 IEEE. This paper addresses the problem of air pollutant profile estimation by using measurements collected from different weather stations. An algorithm is developed, based on an Extended Kalman Filter to handle missing temporal data and using the statistical Kriging method to interpolate spatial data. Combination of extended Kalman filtering with Matérn covariance function has proven to be useful in exploiting meteorological information to build reliable air quality models. We have applied the developed algorithm to estimate air pollutant profiles in the Sydney basin, which is subject to a variety of pollutant sources, including fossil-fueled electric power generation plants, high motor vehicle usage, aviation and shipping traffic. The results have shown that the proposed approach can improve accuracy of the estimation profiles.

Miro, JV, Black, R, Andonovski, B & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Development of a novel evidence-based automated powered mobility device competency assessment', 2013 IEEE 13th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR), 2013 IEEE 13th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR 2013), IEEE, Seattle, WA, USA, pp. 1-8.
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This paper describes the outcomes of a clinical study to assess the validity of a stand-alone sensor package and algorithms to aid the assessment by an occupational therapist (OT) whether a person has the capacity to safely and effectively operate a powered mobility device such as a wheelchair in their daily activities. The proposed solution consists of a suite of sensors capable of inferring navigational characteristics from the platform it is attached to (e.g. trajectories, map of surroundings, speeds, distance to doors, etc). Such information presents occupational therapists with the ability to augment their own observations and assessments with correlated, quantitative, evidence-based data acquired with the sensor array. Furthermore, OT reviews can take place at the therapist's discretion as the data from the trials is logged. Results from a clinical evaluation of the proposed approach, taking as reference the commonly-used Power-Mobility Indoor Driving Assessment (PIDA) assessment, were conducted at the premises of the Prince of Wales (PoW) Hospital in Sydney by four users, showing consistency with the OT scores, and setting the scene to a larger study with wider targeted participation. © 2013 IEEE.

Miyanaga, Y, Takahashi, W & Xihao, S 1970, 'Robust speech communication and its embedded smart robot system', 2013 20th International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing (IWSSIP), 2013 International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing (IWSSIP), IEEE.
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Mollaee, S, Pirasteh, S, Ramli, MF & Rizvi, SMA 1970, 'Identifying Effecting Factors and Landslide Mapping of Cameron Highland Malaysia', 2013 Fifth International Conference on Geo-Information Technologies for Natural Disaster Management, 2013 Fifth International Conference on Geo-Information Technologies for Natural Disaster Management (GiT4NDM), IEEE, pp. 73-83.
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Mondal, RN & Islam, MS 1970, 'Numerical Prediction of Unsteady Heat and Fluid Flow through a Curved Rectangular Duct of Large Aspect Ratio', Procedia Engineering, Elsevier BV, pp. 489-496.
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Mondal, RN, Islam, MS & Uddin, MK 1970, 'Unsteady Solutions with Convective Heat Transfer through a Curved Duct Flow', Procedia Engineering, Elsevier BV, pp. 141-148.
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Mondal, RN, Islam, MZ & Islam, MS 1970, 'Transient Heat and Fluid Flow through a Rotating Curved Rectangular Duct: The Case of Positive and Negative Rotation', Procedia Engineering, 5th Bangladesh-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers (BSME) International Conference on Thermal Engineering (ICTE), Elsevier BV, Islam Univ Technol, Dhaka, BANGLADESH, pp. 179-186.
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Monjurul Hasan, ASM, Ahmed, MS & Muhaiminul Hasan, ASM 1970, 'Experiment for producing a renewable alternative fuel for Bangladesh from mustard oil', 2013 2nd International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering (ICAEE), 2013 International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering (ICAEE), IEEE.
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Monticolo, D & Mihăiţă, AS 1970, 'A Multi Agent System to manage ideas during Collaborative Creativity Workshops', 5th International Conference on Future Computer and Communication, Phuket, Thailand.

Morinaga, K, Tsutsui, H & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'An evaluation of wireless video transmission using lossless video compression and 8&#x00D7;8 MIMO-OFDM wireless transceiver', 2013 13th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2013 13th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE.
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Moshiri, F, Gerber, C, Valipour, HR, Shrestha, R & Crews, KI 1970, 'The predictive model for strength of inclined screws as shear connection in timber-concrete composite floor', From Materials to Structures: Advancement Through Innovation - Proceedings of the 22nd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, ACMSM 2012, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC PRESS / BALKEMA, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1059-1064.
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Interest in timber-concrete composite (TCC) floors has increased over the last 30 years. TCC technology relies on timber and concrete members acting compositely together. Both timber and concrete exhibit a quite brittle behaviour in bending/tension and compression respectively whilst the shear connection is identified as the only contributor of ductile behaviour. Therefore, the strength, stiffness and arrangement of the shear connection play a crucial role in the structural design of TCC. There are only few investigations on analytical closed-form equation to predict the stiffness and strength of TCC joints as input values to design a partially composite floor. For example, Johansen's yield theory was adopted as European yield model in Eurocode 5. However, the equations are limited to vertically inserted dowels or screws and Eurocode 5 recommends that the strength and stiffness of unconventional joints should be determined by push-out tests. Previous investigations reported that the inclined shear connector significantly increase the initial stiffness and ultimate strength of the TCC joints and consequently composite floor. This paper presents a model for the strength ofTCC joint using crossed (±45°) proprietary screws (SFS Intec). The Johansen yield theory is extended to derive the strenght model of TCC joint with crossed (±45°) screws which are loaded in tension and compression. The model is an upper bound plastic collapse model that assumes the behaviour of timber and screw perfectly plastic with undamaged concrete. The failure modes considers of yield of screw, in tension or shear, and some combined modes assuming screw withdrawal, lateral crushing of the timber and the development of plastic hinges in the screw. The experimental aspect of the research consists of push-out tests and aims to verify the strength model of TCC joints with inclined screws. The failure modes are also investigated. The model seems to be reasonably accurate in predicting bo...

Moshiri, F, Shrestha, R & Crews, K 1970, 'Investigation on TCC systems using self-compacting concrete', Proceedings of the 13th East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction, EASEC 2013, East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction, Sapporo, Japan.
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Interest in timber-concrete composite (TCC) floors has increased over the last 20-30 years. Since the 1990's, TCC solution is seen as a viable and effective alternative to conventional reinforced concrete and/or traditional timber floors in multi-storey buildings. TCC technology relies on timber and concrete members acting compositely together. Thus, the strength, stiffness, location and number of connectors play a crucial role for the composite action and determine the structural and serviceability performance of TCC solutions. To date, conventional concrete (CC) has been used in most investigations on TCCs. Also, there are only few researches about the effect of concrete properties on the structural behaviour of TCCs. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is highly workable and can be compacted without use of conventional vibration methods. As such, there is a potential for application of SCC in difficult to access areas or areas where complex formwork make it difficult to use conventional vibration methods. University of Technology Sydney has investigated TCC solutions since 2007. The investigation presented in this paper focuses on utilising mechanical fasteners for their ductility and stiffness to compositely attach a SCC slab to a timber beam and to investigate the effect of use of SCC on the behaviour of such connections. The experimental aspect of the research consists of push-out tests and aims to characterise slip modulus and load capacity. The responses of the specimens are also compared to that of TCC systems with conventional concrete. The failure modes of the connections are also studied.

Movassaghi, S, Abolhasan, M & Smith, D 1970, 'Interference Mitigation in WBANS: Challenges and Existing Solutions', Workshop on Advances in Real-time Information Networks, Samaneh Movassaghi, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-4.
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Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are an exciting new networking technology developed in the recent years with advancements in wireless communication, integrated circuits and Micro-Electro- Mechanical Systems (MEMs). They consist of a number of sensor nodes that are placed in or around the human body. However, their practical deployment requires addressing numerous challenges. WBANs face many stringent requirements in power, bandwidth, and network lifetime which need to be taken into serious consideration in the design of different protocols. In this paper, we investigate the importance of interference mitigation amongst coexisting Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). Since, a WBAN is most likely to encounter other WBANs, inter-WBAN interference and scheduling is of utmost importance.

Movassaghi, S, Shirvanimoghaddam, M, Abolhasan, M & IEEE 1970, 'A Cooperative Network Coding Approach to Reliable Wireless Body Area Networks with Demodulate-and-Forward', 2013 9TH INTERNATIONAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND MOBILE COMPUTING CONFERENCE (IWCMC), International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IEEE, Italy, pp. 394-399.
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In this paper, a novel cooperative transmission scheme via network coding has been proposed for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) to enhance reliability and throughput. In the proposed scheme, namely Random XOR Network Coding (RXNC), each relay demodulates the received signal from each sensor node and then selects d different coded symbols amongst them and XORs them to generate a network coded symbol. We have found the optimum value of d through an analytical approach by minimizing the probability that an XOR network coded symbol is incorrectly generated. Simulation results show that the proposed RXNC scheme outperforms the no-cooperation and conventional bitwise network coding schemes in all channel signal to noise ratios (SNRs) from 0 dB to 18 dB.

Movassaghi, S, Shirvanimoghaddam, M, Abolhasan, M & Smith, D 1970, 'An energy efficient network coding approach for Wireless Body Area Networks', 38th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, 38th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN 2013), IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 468-475.
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In this paper, we propose a practical network coding approach for wireless body are networks (WBANs) using decode-and-forward relays. In this scheme, namely decode and forward-network coding (DF-NC), each relay linearly combines different messages from different sources to generate one message, and then transmits that message to the destination. Each relay node in DF-NC requires only one transmission time slot to forward its message. Thus, in this approach, energy usage at each relay is minimized compared to existing cooperative schemes without network coding, which require Ns time slots per relay for relay transmissions; where Ns is the number of source nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed DF-NC scheme can achieve near optimal outage probability while minimizing the number of transmissions per node, maximizing the energy efficiency of WBANs, and minimizing the delay

Mukunthan, A, Cooper, C, Safaei, F, Franklin, D, Abolhasan, M, Ros, M & IEEE 1970, 'Experimental Validation of the CORNER Urban Propagation Model based on Signal Power Measurements in a Vehicular Environment', 2013 IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE (WCNC), IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 2626-2631.
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CORNER is an urban propagation model which simulates the presence of buildings in city scenarios and models radio propagation as a series of reflections and diffractions around buildings. CORNER was validated in the original publication with a series of packet-delivery-ratio measurements. However, the accuracy of these measurements is limited by interference from nearby networks. This paper independently evaluates the CORNER model using signal strength measurements across three separate sites in Sydney and Wollongong. The measurements are analysed and compared with the predicted analytical estimates. The fading model is also analysed with direct measurements. A new CORNER link classification algorithm is also proposed in this paper

Murthy, V & Marjanovic, O 1970, 'Understanding a Transformation Process from Product-Centric to Customer-Centric Services in a Financial Institution - A Work System Perspective.', ASSRI, Springer, pp. 29-43.
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This research aims to contribute to building an increased understanding of the strategic, business, cultural as well as other changes in an organisation's transition process from product-centric to customer-centric services. This paper offers an exploratory case study conducted in a complex financial organisation in the context of their customer-facing services. The transition process is examined through a theoretical lens of the Work System Theory (WST), following the argument previously made by other researchers that service systems could be seen as work systems. This holistic theory enabled the researchers to capture the three key phases of the transition process as work systems snapshots and show the manner in which the transitions occurred from one phase to another. More importantly, WST enabled an in-depth study of the transition process through the complex and unfolding interplay of strategy, customers, products and services, processes, people, information and technology, tracing the key challenges and success factors. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.

Musial, K, Gabrys, B & Buczko, M 1970, 'What kind of network are you?', Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, ASONAM '13: Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining 2013, ACM, Niagara Falls, CANADA, pp. 1366-1373.
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Musial, K, Kazienkol, P & Kajdanowicz, T 1970, 'Social Recommendations within the Multimedia Sharing Systems', Musial K., Kazienko P., Kajdanowicz T.: Social Recommendations within the Multimedia Sharing Systems. The First World Summit on the Knowledge Society, WSKS'08, Lecture Notes in Computer Science LNCS 5288, 2008, pp. 364-372, 1st World Summit on the Knowledge Society (WSKS 2008), SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Athens, GREECE, pp. 364-+.
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The social recommender system that supports the creation of new relationsbetween users in the multimedia sharing system is presented in the paper. Togenerate suggestions the new concept of the multirelational social network wasintroduced. It covers both direct as well as object-based relationships thatreflect social and semantic links between users. The main goal of the newmethod is to create the personalized suggestions that are continuously adaptedto users' needs depending on the personal weights assigned to each layer fromthe social network. The conducted experiments confirmed the usefulness of theproposed model.

Nabavi, F, Nejadi, S & Samali, B 1970, 'Experimental Investigation on Mix Design and Mechanical Properties of Polymer (Latex) Modified Concrete', PROGRESS IN POLYMERS IN CONCRETE, International Congress on Polymers in Concrete, TransTech, Shanghai, China, pp. 112-117.
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This paper presents the experimental investigation to enhance the mechanical properties of Polymer Modified Concrete (PMC) incorporating Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) and describes the potential of using PMC as a structural material. PMC has been used for many years as an over layer in the bridges deck or for the repairing the defected concrete structures subjected to marine environment. But, because of low compressive strength due to foaming phenomenon, PMC has not been considered as a structural concrete. In this study, a range of investigations including sensitivity of PMC to water cement ratio, the effect of SBR proportion on compressive strength and modulus of rupture, selection of the proper antifoaming agent, the effect of various curing methods on compressive strength, proper mix design of PMC to achieve medium to highcompressive strength are carried out. Also, the instructions for casting PMC are composed which can be stated as a standard for mixing and curing procedure of PMC. Results show that increasing the proportion of latex in PMC causes the strength reduction. But, using appropriate antifoaming agent (defoamer) and proper curing method, the mechanical properties can be recovered remarkably. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

Naderpour, M & Lu, J 1970, 'A hybrid bayesian network for safety of chemical plants', Proceedings - Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2013, Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, AIS Electronic Library (AISeL, Jeju Island, Korea, pp. 1-12.
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In today's process systems, operators must consider an overwhelming amount of information which is passed to them via automated systems, and make decisions very quickly. Since the decision-making in a time-critical situation is extremely complicated, the use of automated systems to aid decision making is highly recommended. This paper proposes a hybrid Bayesian network (HBN) to support process operators in hazardous situations. The proposed HBN includes three parts: an evidence preparation, a situational network, and risk estimation. The evidence preparation part provides soft evidence based on the online conditions and process monitoring system. The situational network is developed based on dynamic Bayesian networks to model the hazardous situations, and the risk estimation part calculates the risk level of every situation dynamically to show whether the risk level of situations is acceptable or not. The threefold HBN is explained through a case from U.S. Chemical Safety Board (CSB) investigation report. According to the CSB report, following an operator error at a paint manufacturing plant, the explosion and subsequent fire destroyed a facility, injured ten residents, and heavily damaged dozens of nearby homes and businesses. Finally a sensitivity analysis is presented to evaluate the proposed HBN.

Naderpour, M, Lu, J, Zhang, G & IEEE 1970, 'A Fuzzy Dynamic Bayesian Network-Based Situation Assessment Approach', 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ - IEEE 2013), IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Hyderabad, India, pp. 1-8.
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Situation awareness (SA), a state in the mind of a human, is essential to conduct decision-making activities. It is about the perception of the elements in the environment, the comprehension of their meaning, and the projection of their status in the near future. Two decades of investigation and analysis of accidents have showed that SA was behind of many serious large-scale technological systems' accidents. This emphasizes the importance of SA support systems development for complex and dynamic environments. This paper presents a fuzzy dynamic Bayesian network-based situation assessment approach to support the operators in decision making process in hazardous situations. The approach includes a dynamic Bayesian network-based situational network to model the hazardous situations where the existence of the situations can be inferred by sensor observations through the SCADA monitoring system using a fuzzy quantizer method. In addition to generate the assessment result, a fuzzy risk estimation method is proposed to show the risk level of situations. Ultimately a hazardous environment from U.S. Chemical Safety Board investigation reports has been used to illustrate the application of proposed approach. © 2013 IEEE.

Naik, GR, Guo, Y & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'A new approach to improve the quality of biosensor signals using Fast Independent Component Analysis: Feasibility study using EMG recordings.', EMBC, International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Osaka, Japan, pp. 1927-1929.
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The proposed signal processing technique uses Fast Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithm to improve the quality of the original biosensors recordings, which can be used as valuable pre-processing technique such as cross talk removal, artefact reduction etc. Initially, the ill conditioned original surface Electromyography (sEMG) recordings were separated using ICA methods and later they were reconstructed using modified un-mixing matrix. The simulation results showed huge improvement of the original recorded signal after reconstruction. The proposed method has potential applications in various biomedical signal processing techniques.

Navarro, KF, Gay, V, Golliard, L, Johnston, B, Leijdekkers, P, Vaughan, E, Wang, X & Williams, M-A 1970, 'SocialCycle What Can a Mobile App Do To Encourage Cycling?', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2013 38TH ANNUAL IEEE CONFERENCE ON LOCAL COMPUTER NETWORKS WORKSHOPS (LCN WORKSHOPS), IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, IEEE Computer Society, Sydney Australia, pp. 24-30.
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Traffic congestion presents significant environmental, social and economic costs. Encouraging people to cycle and use other forms of alternate transportation is one important aspect of addressing these problems. However, many city councils face significant difficulties in educating citizens and encouraging them to form new habits around these alternate forms of transport. Mobile devices present a great opportunity to effect such positive behavior change. In this paper we discuss the results of a survey aimed at understanding how mobile devices can be used to encourage cycling and/or improve the cycling experience. We use the results of the survey to design and develop a mobile app called SocialCycle, which purpose is to encourage users to start cycling and to increase the number of trips that existing riders take by bicycle. © 2013 IEEE.

Nemoto, K, Devitt, SJ, Trupke, M, Stephens, AM, Everitt, MS, Buczak, K, Noebauer, T, Schmiedmayer, J & Munro, WJ 1970, 'Quantum Device and Architecture based on NV Centers for Quantum Networks', CLEO: 2013, CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science, OSA.
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In recent years, NV centers in diamond has attracted significant attention as a candidate for quantum information devices. The negatively charged NV center, in particular, has been intensely investigated [1-3]. NV- centers host both an electron spin qubit and a nitrogen nuclear spin, in our case a nuclear spin-1/2 of 15N is imbedded. The ground state of the electron spin qubit has a long coherence time and an optical transition at 637nm. The nuclear spins may be considered as a long-lived quantum memory, which has been experimentally demonstrated [2]. Because of these preferable quantum properties, NV centers have been considered as a good candidate for implementation of quantum information processing and there has been a number of theoretically propose designs for quantum information processing [3]. © 2013 The Optical Society.

Nemoto, K, Stephens, A, Devitt, S, Everitt, M, Schmiedmayer, J, Trupke, M, Saito, S, Matsuzaki, Y, SaiToh, A, Harrison, K & Munro, WJ 1970, 'Quantum communication utilizing cavity-based quantum devices', 2013 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEOPR), 2013 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR), IEEE, Kyoto, JAPAN.
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Nemoto, K, Stephens, AM, Devitt, SJ, Harrison, KA & Munro, WJ 1970, 'The role of quantum memory in quantum information processing', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, SPIE, San Diego, CA.
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Nguyen, AV, Nguyen, LB, Su, S & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Shared control strategies for human - Machine interface in an intelligent wheelchair', 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, Osaka, Japan, pp. 3638-3641.
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In this paper, we introduce a shared control mechanism for an intelligent wheelchair designed to support people with mobility impairments, who also have visual, upper limb, or cognitive impairment. The method is designed to allow users to be involved in the movement as much as possible, while still providing the assistance needed to achieve the goal safely. The data collected through URG-04LX and user interface are analyzed to determine whether the desired action is safe to perform. The system then decides to provide assistance or to allow the user input to control the wheelchair. The experiment results indicate that the method performs effectively with high satisfaction.

Nguyen, AV, Nguyen, LB, Su, S & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'The advancement of an obstacle avoidance bayesian neural network for an intelligent wheelchair', 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, Osaka, Japan, pp. 3642-3645.
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In this paper, an advanced obstacle avoidance system is developed for an intelligent wheelchair designed to support people with mobility impairments who also have visual, upper limb, or cognitive impairment. To avoid obstacles, immediate environment information is continuously updated with range data sampled by an on-board laser range finder URG-04LX. Then, the data is transformed to find the relevant information to the navigating process before being presented to a trained obstacle avoidance neural network which is optimized under the supervision of a Bayesian framework to find its structure and weight values. The experiment results showed that this method allows the wheelchair to avoid collisions while simultaneously navigating through an unknown environment in real-time. More importantly, this new approach significantly enhances the performance of the system to pass narrow openings such as door passing.

Nguyen, DN & Krunz, M 1970, 'Distributed bargaining mechanisms for multi-antenna dynamic spectrum access systems', 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), GLOBECOM 2013 - 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE, Atlanta, GA, pp. 4775-4780.
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Dynamic spectrum access and MIMO technologies are among the most promising solutions to address the ever increasing wireless traffic demand. An integration that successfully embraces the two is far from trivial due to the dynamics of spectrum opportunities as well as the requirement to jointly optimize both spectrum and spatial/antenna dimensions. Our objective in this paper is to jointly allocate opportunistic channels to various links such that no channel is allocated to more than one link, and to simultaneously optimize the MIMO precoding matrices under the Nash bargaining (NB) framework. We design a low-complexity distributed scheme that allows links to propose their minimum rate requirements, negotiate the channel allocation, and configure their precoding matrices. Simulations confirm the convergence of the distributed algorithm under timesharing to the globally optimal solution of the NB-based problem. They also show that the NB-based algorithm achieves much better fairness than purely maximizing network throughput.

Nguyen, DN & Krunz, M 1970, 'Heterogeneous spectrum sharing with rate demands in cognitive MIMO networks', 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2013), IEEE, Atlanta, GA, USA, pp. 3054-3059.
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We are interested in addressing a fundamental question: what are conditions under which an ad hoc cognitive radio MIMO (CMIMO) network can support a given rate-demand profile, defined as the set of rates requested by individual links? From an information theoretic view, a rate profile can be supported if it is within the network capacity region. However, the network capacity region of interfering MIMO networks is essentially unknown. In dynamic spectrum access, the problem is even more challenging due to the dynamics of primary/legacy users (PUs), resource constraints, and the heterogeneity of opportunistic spectrum (i.e., the set of available channels varies from one to another). Considering a non-centralized setup, we address the above question in a noncooperative game framework where each CMIMO link independently optimizes its spectrum, power allocation, and MIMO precoders to meet its rate demand. We derive sufficient conditions for the existence of a NE are derived. These conditions establish an explicit relationship between the rate-demand profile and interference from PUs, CMIMO network's interference, and CMIMO nodes' power budget. We also show that a NE, if exists, is unique. Our results help to characterize the network capacity region of CMIMO networks. © 2013 IEEE.

Nguyen, J, Lawrance, N, Fitch, R, Sukkarieh, S & IEEE 1970, 'Energy-Constrained Motion Planning for Information Gathering with Autonomous Aerial Soaring', 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Karlsruhe, Germany, pp. 3825-3831.
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Autonomous aerial soaring presents a unique opportunity to extend the flight duration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). In this paper, we examine the problem of a gliding UAV searching for a ground target while simultaneously collecting energy from known thermal energy sources. The problem is posed as a tree search problem by noting that a long-duration mission can be divided into similar segments of flying between and climbing in thermals. The algorithm attempts to maximise the probability of detecting a target by exploring a tree of the possible thermal-to-thermal transitions to a fixed search depth and executing the highest utility plan. The sensitivity of the algorithm to different search depths is explored, and the method is compared against a locally-optimal myopic search algorithm. In larger, more complicated problems, the suggested method outperforms myopic search by sacrificing short-term utility to reach more valuable exploration areas later in the mission. © 2013 IEEE.

Nguyen, JS, Su, SW, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Experimental Study on a Smart Wheelchair System Using a Combination of Stereoscopic and Spherical Vision', 2013 35TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Osaka, Japan, pp. 4597-4600.
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This paper is concerned with the experimental study performance of a smart wheelchair system named TIM (Thought-controlled Intelligent Machine), which uses a unique camera configuration for vision. Included in this configuration are stereoscopic cameras for 3-Dimensional (3D) depth perception and mapping ahead of the wheelchair, and a spherical camera system for 360-degrees of monocular vision. The camera combination provides obstacle detection and mapping in unknown environments during real-time autonomous navigation of the wheelchair. With the integration of hands-free wheelchair control technology, designed as control methods for people with severe physical disability, the smart wheelchair system can assist the user with automated guidance during navigation. An experimental study on this system was conducted with a total of 10 participants, consisting of 8 able-bodied subjects and 2 tetraplegic (C-6 to C-7) subjects. The hands-free control technologies utilized for this testing were a head-movement controller (HMC) and a brain-computer interface (BCI). The results showed the assistance of TIM's automated guidance system had a statistically significant reduction effect (p-value = 0.000533) on the completion times of the obstacle course presented in the experimental study, as compared to the test runs conducted without the assistance of TIM. © 2013 IEEE.

Nguyen, L, Fatahi, B & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'Predicting behaviour of cemented clay considering strength reduction due to high confining pressure', GeoMontreal 2013, GeoMontreal, Canadian Geotechnical Society, Montreal, Canada, pp. 1-6.
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A predictive constitutive model referred to as Cemented Cam Clay (CCC) model developed by the authors is presented in this paper to precisely predict the behaviour of cemented clay capturing the effect of cementation degradation during loading. When the confining pressure increases, the effect of cementation gradually diminishes due to the breakdown of cementation bonds as observed in laboratory experiments. The proposed model includes a non-associated plastic potential function and elasto-plastic stress-strain relationship inspired by the framework of the critical state concept. The main feature of the proposed model is the formulation of the failure envelope which describes the beneficial effect of cementation at low pressure range. As the confining pressure continues to increase, it gradually merges with the critical state line indicating a degradation of cement bonding. The proposed model is validated through comparison of the model predictions with the results of an array of triaxial tests conducted on Ariake cemented clay.

Nguyen, L, Su, S & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Effects of hyperglycemia on variability of RR, QT and corrected QT intervals in Type 1 diabetic patients', 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, Osaka, Japan, pp. 1819-1822.
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In this study, we evaluated the effects of hyperglycemia on the variability of RR (HRV), QT interval variability (QTV) and corrected QT interval variability (QTcV) during hyperglycemic and non-hyperglycemic conditions in six Type 1 diabetic patients at nights. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of high blood glucose levels with autonomic modulation of heart rate and variation in ventricular repolarization. Blood glucose level (BGL) threshold for defining hyperglycemia state was set at 8.33 mmol/l. Variability of RR, QT and corrected QT intervals during hyperglycemic and non-hyperglycemic were quantified using time and frequency domain measures. Hypomon® device was used to monitor ECG signals and acquire RR and QT intervals in Type 1 diabetic patients overnight. The results indicated that time and frequency domain HRV variables were significantly decreased under hyperglycemic condition and inversely correlated with BGL. QTV parameters also reduced when BGL increased and time domain measures of QTV were inversely associated with BGL. Variability in QTc interval was much less than in the QT interval and demonstrated a lower SDNN and LF power. We concluded that certain components of HRV, time-domain measures of QTV and QTc but not QTcV are strongly correlated to high blood glucose levels and can be good markers to identify hyperglycemic events in T1DM.

Nguyen, LB, Nguyen, AV, Ling, SH, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Analyzing EEG Signals under Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes Patients', 2013 35TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Osaka, Japan, pp. 1980-1983.
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Hypoglycemia is dangerous and considered as a limiting factor of the glycemic control therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Nocturnal hypoglycemia is especially feared because early warning symptoms are unclear during sleep so an episode of hypoglycemia may lead to a fatal effect on patients. The main objective of this paper is to explore the correlation between hypoglycemia and electroencephalography (EEG) signals. To do this, the EEG of five T1DM adolescents from an overnight insulin-induced study is analyzed by spectral analysis to extract four different parameters. We aim to explore the response of these parameters during the clamp study which includes three main phases of normal, hypoglycemia and recovery. We also look at data at the blood glucose level (BGL) of 3.3-3.9 mmol/l to find a threshold to distinguish between non-hypoglycemia and hypoglycemia states. The results show that extracted EEG parameters are highly correlated with patients' conditions during the study. It is also shown that at the BGL of 3.3 mmol/l, responses to hypoglycemia in EEG signals start to significantly occur.

Nguyen, LB, Nguyen, AV, Ling, SH, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Combining Genetic Algorithm and Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm in Training Neural Network for Hypoglycemia Detection using EEG Signals', 2013 35TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Osaka, Japan, pp. 5386-5389.
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Hypoglycemia is the most common but highly feared complication induced by the intensive insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Nocturnal hypoglycemia is dangerous because sleep obscures early symptoms and potentially leads to severe episodes which can cause seizure, coma, or even death. It is shown that the hypoglycemia onset induces early changes in electroencephalography (EEG) signals which can be detected non-invasively. In our research, EEG signals from five T1DM patients during an overnight clamp study were measured and analyzed. By applying a method of feature extraction using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and classification using neural networks, we establish that hypoglycemia can be detected efficiently using EEG signals from only two channels. This paper demonstrates that by implementing a training process of combining genetic algorithm and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, the classification results are improved markedly up to 75% sensitivity and 60% specificity on a separate testing set.

Nguyen, V, Fatahi, B & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'Three dimensional numerical simulation to predict performance of laterally loaded piles on clay-sand layered slope', GeoMontreal2013, GeoMontreal, GeoMontreal2013, Montreal, Quebec, pp. 1-6.
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Predicting the deformation of the laterally loaded piles constructed on a slope is one of the challenging issues in foundation engineering. Numerical modelling is an efficient method to investigate the effects of the distance from the pile centreline to the slope crest on the performance of laterally loaded piles considering the shear plastic deformations of the ground. In this paper, finite element software, ABAQUS, has been employed to simulate the performance of some piles subjected to lateral loads in the sloping ground including sand and clay layers. Appropriate subroutines have been adopted to simulate the soil-pile interface, capable of incorporating the gapping and sliding in the soil-pile interfaces for both sand and clay layers. The numerical results are used to predict the lateral load-deformation of piles for various cases and validated through comparison with an array of full scale field measurements.

Niazi, M, Mahmood, S, Alshayeb, M, Baqais, AAB & Gill, AQ 1970, 'Motivators of Adopting Social Computing in Global Software Development: Initial Results', WORLD CONGRESS ON ENGINEERING - WCE 2013, VOL I, World Congress on Engineering, IAENG, London, U.K, pp. 409-413.
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context: Real-time collaboration is critical for developing high quality software systems at low cost in a geographically distributed Global Software Development (GSD) environment. It is anticipated that emerging Social Computing tools can play an important role in facilitating realtime effective collaboration among teams working in the GSD. Objective: The objective of this research paper is to identify motivators for adopting social computing in GSD organizations. Method: We adopted a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach by applying customized search strings derived from our research questions. Results: We have identified factors such as real-time communication and coordination, information sharing, knowledge acquisition and expert feedback as key motivators for adoption of social computing in GSD. Conclusion: Based on the SLR results, we suggest that GSD organizations should embrace social computing as a tool for real-time collaboration between distributed GSD teams. The results of this initial study also suggest the need for developing the social computing strategies and policies to guide the effective social computing adoption by GSD teams.

Nicholson, A, Jenkins, J, Irfansyah, AN, Politi, N, van Schaik, A, Hamilton, TJ & Lehmann, T 1970, 'A 0.3mm² 10-b 100MS/s pipelined ADC using Nauta structure op-amps in 180nm CMOS', 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS2013), 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE, pp. 1833-1836.
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We present a standard pipelined ADC design using Nauta structure differential op-amps as an alternative to traditional analog op-amps. The six stage pipelined ADC is capable of running at 100MS/s and achieves 8 bit resolution under simulations. The research is focused on the path to scaling to deep sub-micron CMOS and finding alternatives to the reduced gain and low output voltage swing of traditional analog op-amp designs. The Nauta structure op-amp allows us to produce one of the smallest reported areas for a 180nm pipelined ADC occupying only 0.3mm2 for a 10 bit 100MS/s pipelined ADC. © 2013 IEEE.

Norouzi, M, Miro, JV, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'A Statistical Approach for Uncertain Stability Analysis of Mobile Robots', 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Germany, pp. 191-196.
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Stability prediction is an important concern for mobile robots operating in rough environments. Having the capacity to predict areas of instability means pro-actively being able to plan safer traversable paths. The most influential tip-over stability measures are based on two criteria, the robot's center of mass (CM) and the supporting polygon (SP) defined by the convex area spanned between the ground contact-points. However, there is significant uncertainty associated with many parameters in the planning pipe-line: the actual robot kino-dynamic model, its localisation in the ground, and the terrain models, particularly in uneven terrain. This article proposes a statistical analysis of stability prediction to account for some of the uncertainties. This is accomplished using the force angle (FA) stability measure for a reconfigurable multi-tracked vehicle fitted with flippers, a manipulator arm and a sensor head. Probability density function (PDF) of contact-points, CM and the FA stability measure are numerically estimated, with simulation results performed on the open dynamics engine (ODE) simulator based on uncertain parameters. Two techniques are presented: a conventional Monte Carlo scheme, and a structured unscented transform (UT) which results in significant improvement in computational efficiency. Experimental results on maps obtained from a range camera fitted on the sensor head while the robot traverses over a ramp and a series of steps are presented that confirms the validity of the proposed probabilistic stability prediction method. © 2013 IEEE.

Norouzi, M, Valls Miro, J & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Planning stable and efficient paths for articulated mobile robots on challenging terrains', Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australasian Robotics and Automation Association, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-10.
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An analytical strategy to generate stable paths for a reconfigurable vehicle while also meeting additional navigational objectives is herein proposed. The work is motivated by robots traversing over challenging terrains during search and rescue operations, such as those equipped with manipulator arms and/or flippers. The proposed solution looks at minimizing the length of the traversed path and the energy expenditure in changing postures, yet also accounts for additional constraints in terms of sensor visibility (i.e arm configurations close to those orthogonal to the horizontal global plane which can afford a wider sensor view) and traction (i.e. flipper angles that provide the largest trackterrain interaction area). The validity of the proposed planning approach is evaluated with a multitracked robot fitted with flippers and a range camera at the end of a manipulator arm while navigating over two challenging 3D terrain data sets: one in a mock-up urban search and rescue arena (USAR), and a second one from a publicly available quasi-outdoor rover testing facility (UTIAS).

Nourbakhsh, N, Wang, Y & Chen, F 1970, 'GSR and Blink Features for Cognitive Load Classification', HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION - INTERACT 2013, PT I, 14th IFIP TC 13 INTERACT International Conference on Designing for Diversity, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA, pp. 159-166.
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Nouwens, F, Rasul, MG, Lawson, J, Howard, P, Martin, F & Jarman, R 1970, 'Educational purposes of final year engineering projects and their assessment', AAEE2013 Abstract Handbook - 24th Annual Conference of the Australian Association of Engineering Education, AAEE - Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, pp. 77-77.

Oberst, S & Lai, JCS 1970, 'The role of pad-mode instabilities in disc brake squeal', 20th International Congress on Sound and Vibration 2013, ICSV 2013, International Congress on Sound and Vibration, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 2861-2868.
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Automotive disc brake squeal remains an economically significant and technically challenging problem to solve, owing to customer complaints' associated warranty costs and the many interacting parameters. While industrial practice aims at identifying unstable vibration modes using complex eigenvalue analysis, in this paper, we show how to identify pad-mode instabilities using vibration forced response analysis complemented by acoustic radiation calculations for simplified brake systems in the form of a pad-on-plate model. Our recent results indicate that pad-mode instabilities might trigger so-called instantaneous mode squeal without the necessity of mode coupling. Pad-mode instabilities, which complex eigenvalue analysis fails to detect, are revealed by the dissipated energy spectrum at frequencies where the dissipated energy is negative (i.e. providing energy instead of dissipating energy). Pad-modes seem to radiate locally higher sound pressure depending on the phase shift between the structural vibration and the sound pressure while exciting the underlying plate's or disc's modes. Pad-mode instabilities are shown to be one mechanism of brake squeal. In order to identify pad-mode instabilities, it is beneficial to perform a full range of vibration analysis which includes complex eigenvalue value analysis, forced response and dissipated energy spectra as well as acoustic radiation calculations for a range of different parameters such as friction coefficient, operating pressure, temperature and contact conditions.

Oberst, SM & Lai, J 1970, 'The role of pad-modes and nonlinearity in instantaneous mode squeal', Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, ICA 2013 Montreal, ASA.
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Disc brake squeal is a major source of customer dissatisfaction and related warranty costs for automobile manufacturers. Although mode coupling is recognised as a mechanism often found in squealing brakes, recent research results show that friction induced pad-mode instabilities could be the cause of instantaneous mode squeal reported in the literature. In this paper, the nonlinear characteristics of instantaneous mode squeal initiated by pad-mode instabilities are studied by analysing phase space plots of vibrations and sound pressure for a numerical model of a pad-on-plate system as the friction coefficient increases. Results show tat as the friction coefficient increases from 0.05 to 0.65, attractors of vibration in the phase space transits from limit cycle to quasi-periodic, showing signs of approaching chaotic behaviour. It is shown here that the correlation of the sound pressure behaviour in the phase-space with structural vibration is crucial to understanding the role of pad modes and nonlinearity in instantaneous mode squeal. © 2013 Acoustical Society of America.

Okumura, U, Qi, YJ, Long, Y & Zhang, TH 1970, 'Research on the Roller Intelligent Detection System Based on LabVIEW', Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2nd International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Sustainable Infrastructure (ICCEASI 2013), Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Zhengzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1084-1088.
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Based on the platform of LabVIEW, a set of roller intelligent detecting system is developed. With this system, it is easy to realize functions of fast nondestructive testing of subgrade compaction degree, roller speed, rollers compaction trajectory, compaction times, GPS real-time positioning as well as saving and printing report forms. Compared with traditional detection methods, this detecting system can test and control on-site compaction quality much more easily, in order to speed up the construction progress, improve the quality of subgrade compaction, control and manage compaction work better.

Omer, S, Qamar, S, Vesilo, R & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Efficient mobility management using simplified cellular IP', 2013 Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ATNAC), 2013 Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ATNAC), IEEE, New Zealand, pp. 13-18.
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Mobile IP is useful for providing mobility of Internet users but it has shown its limitations in various aspects such as simplicity, robustness and scalability, particularly with fast moving users requiring many handoffs. A hierarchical structure using micromobility helps to reduce the control signalling overhead associated with handoff by localizing handoff management in a given coverage area and using Mobile IP outside it. Cellular IP is one such micro-mobility protocol that uses two caches: one is a Routing Cache for active users and another is a Paging Cache for idle users. Simplified Cellular IP is a modification of that to reduce control signalling overhead by using a single cache for both types of users. However, it still uses two separate time-out values for routing and paging messages. In this paper we show that by appropriately choosing a single time-out value significant reduction in control signaling overhead can be made. We also show that it reduces packet loss, facilitating efficient micro-mobility management. © 2013 IEEE.

Orchi, TF, Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Rahman, MS 1970, 'Impact of distributed generation and series compensation on distribution network', 2013 IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), 2013 IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA 2013), IEEE, Swinburne Univ Technol, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 854-859.
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Orchi, TF, Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Rahman, MS 1970, 'Voltage stability and power quality issues of wind farm with series compensation', 2013 IEEE Electrical Power & Energy Conference, 2013 IEEE Electrical Power & Energy Conference (EPEC), IEEE.
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This paper analyzes the impact of using a series capacitor (SC) on voltage stability issues caused by the high penetration of wind energy in a transmission network. Voltage stability during normal operation, voltage sag characteristics, and low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability, harmonics and flickers produced by fixed-speed wind turbine (FSWT) and doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind farms with series and shunt compensation are analyzed. The voltage source converter of a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), the converter side of a DFIG and a load are considered as harmonics generating sources and are modeled according to IEC standard 61000. The induction machines of the wind farm are modeled with flicker coefficients as defined by IEC standard 61400 and voltage sag analysis is carried out using failure data. Nonlinear modeling and dynamic simulations are carried out in DlgSILENT PowerFactory environment. From the simulation results, it is found that using a SC with wind farm can enhance the system's stability and power quality. © 2013 IEEE.

Paimin, AN, Alias, M, Hadgraft, RG & Prpic, JK 1970, 'Factors affecting study performance of engineering undergraduates: Case studies of Malaysia and Australia', Research in Engineering Education Symposium, REES 2013, Research in Engineering Education Symposium, pp. 180-186.
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While student attrition is of concern to engineering educators there is still a lack of understanding of factors that can contribute to students' success in engineering. The main purpose of this research has been to quantitatively examine the relationships between learning strategy, interest, intention and academic performance informed by the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Participants were 135 Malaysian and 132 Australian engineering undergraduates who completed the Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) scale and Learner Autonomy Profile (LAP-SF) scale. The correlation coefficient analysis shows strong interrelationships between learning strategy, interest and intention while findings of the structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis revealed unexpected but interesting findings across the two countries. Two different models were established for the Malaysian and Australian data suggesting that intention is influenced by strategy only via the establishment of interest. This is consistent with the theory used. Copyright © 2013 Paimin, Hadgraft, Prpic, Alias.

PAL, S, ALAEI, A, PAL, U & BLUMENSTEIN, M 1970, 'SVM AND NN BASED OFFLINE SIGNATURE VERIFICATION', International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt, pp. 1340004-1340004.
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Among all of the biometric authentication systems, handwritten signatures are considered as the most legally and socially accepted attributes for personal verification. The objective of this paper is to present an empirical contribution toward the understanding of a threshold-based signature verification technique involving off-line Bangla (Bengali) signatures. Experiments on signature verification concerning non-English signatures are an important consideration in the signature verification area. Only very few research works employing signatures of Indian script have been considered in the field of non-English based signature verification. To fill this gap, a threshold-based scheme for the verification of off-line Bangla signatures is proposed. Some techniques such as under-sampled bitmap, intersection/end point and directional chain code are employed for feature extraction. The thresholds are computed based on the similarity measures obtained employing the nearest neighbor classifier. The SVM classifier has also been considered for mainly comparative experimental result generation. Furthermore, a Bangla signature database, which consists of 2400 (100 × 24) genuine signatures and 3000 (100 × 30) forgeries, has been created and is employed for experimentation. An average error rate (AER) of 12.33% was obtained as the best verification result using directional chain code features in this research work. As a comparative study, a different dataset (GPDS-160) has also been considered.

Pal, S, Pal, U & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'A Two-Stage Approach for English and Hindi Off-line Signature Verification', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Naples, Italy, pp. 140-148.
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The purpose of this paper is to present an empirical contribution towards the understanding of multi-script off-line signature identification and verification using a novel method involving off-line Hindi (Devnagari) and English signatures. The main aim of this approach is to demonstrate the significant advantage of the use of signature script identification in a multi-script signature verification environment. In the 1 st stage of the proposed signature verification technique a script identification technique is employed to know whether a signature is written in Hindi or English. In the second stage, a verification approach was explored separately for English signatures and Hindi signatures based on the script identification result. Different features like gradient feature, water reservoir feature, loop feature, aspect ratio etc. were employed, and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) were considered in our scheme. To get the comparative idea, multi-script signature verification results on the joint Hindi and English dataset without using any script identification technique is also computed. From the experiment results it is noted that we are able to reduce average error rate 4.81% more when script identification method is employed. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Pal, S, Pal, U & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Hindi and English Off-line Signature Identification and Verification', Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, International Conference on Advances in Computing, Springer India, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, pp. 905-910.
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Biometric systems play a significant role in the field of information security as they are extremely required for user authentication. Signature identification and verification have a great importance for authentication intention. The purpose of this paper is to present an empirical contribution towards the understanding of multi-script (Hindi and English) signature verification. This system will identify whether a claimed signature belongs to the group of English signatures or Hindi signatures from a combined Hindi and English signature datasets and then it will verify signatures using these two resultant signature datasets (Hindi script signature and English script signatures) separately. The modified gradient feature and SVM classifier were employed for identification and verification purposes. To the best of authors' knowledge, the multi-script signature identification and verification has never been used for the task of signature verification and this is the first report of using Hindi and English signatures in this area. Two different results for identification and verification are calculated and analysed. The accuracy of 98.05% is obtained for the identification of signature script using 2160 (1080 Hindi + 1080 English) samples for training and 1080 (540 Hindi + 540 English) samples for testing. The resultant data sets obtained in script identification of signatures were used for verification purpose. The FRR, FAR for Hindi and English was obtained 8.0%, 4.0% and 12.0%, 10.0% respectively. © 2013 Springer.

Pal, S, Pal, U & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Multi-script off-line Signature verification: A two stage approach', CEUR Workshop Proceedings, International Workshop on Automated Forensic Handwriting Analysis, CEUR, Washington DC, USA, pp. 31-35.
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Signature identification and verification are of great importance in authentication systems. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an experimental contribution in the direction of multi-script off-line signature identification and verification using a novel technique involving off-line English, Hindi (Devnagari) and Bangla (Bengali) signatures. In the first evaluation stage of the proposed signature verification technique, the performance of a multi-script off-line signature verification system, considering a joint dataset of English, Hindi and Bangla signatures, was investigated. In the second stage of experimentation, multi-script signatures were identified based on the script type, and subsequently the verification task was explored separately for English, Hindi and Bangla signatures based on the identified script result. The gradient and chain code features were employed, and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) along with the Modified Quadratic Discriminate Function (MQDF) were considered in this scheme. From the experimental results achieved, it is noted that the verification accuracy obtained in the second stage of experiments (where a signature script identification method was introduced) is better than the verification accuracy produced following the first stage of experiments. Experimental results indicated that an average error rate of 20.80% and 16.40% were obtained for two different types of verification experiments.

Paler, A, Devitt, SJ, Nemoto, K & Polian, I 1970, 'Synthesis of Topological Quantum Circuits', Nanoscale Architectures (NANOARCH), 2012 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on (2012), Page(s): 181- 187, IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Nanoscale Architectures (NANOARCH), IEEE, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS, pp. 181-187.
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Topological quantum computing has recently proven itself to be a verypowerful model when considering large- scale, fully error corrected quantumarchitectures. In addition to its robust nature under hardware errors, it is asoftware driven method of error corrected computation, with the hardwareresponsible for only creating a generic quantum resource (the topologicallattice). Computation in this scheme is achieved by the geometric manipulationof holes (defects) within the lattice. Interactions between logical qubits(quantum gate operations) are implemented by using particular arrangements ofthe defects, such as braids and junctions. We demonstrate that junction-basedtopological quantum gates allow highly regular and structured implementation oflarge CNOT (controlled-not) gate networks, which ultimately form the basis ofthe error corrected primitives that must be used for an error correctedalgorithm. We present a number of heuristics to optimise the area of theresulting structures and therefore the number of the required hardwareresources.

Palmas, G, Pietroni, N, Cignoni, P & Scopigno, R 1970, 'A computer-assisted constraint-based system for assembling fragmented objects.', Digital Heritage (1), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 529-536.

Pan, R, Dolog, P & Xu, G 1970, 'KNN-Based Clustering for Improving Social Recommender Systems', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Workshop on Agents and Data Mining Interaction, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Valencia, Spain, pp. 115-125.
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Clustering is useful in tag based recommenders to reduce sparsity of data and by doing so to improve also accuracy of recommendation. Strategy for the selection of tags for clusters has an impact on the accuracy. In this paper we propose a KNN based approach for ranking tag neighbors for tag selection. We study the approach in comparison to several baselines by using two datasets in different domains. We show, that in both cases the approach outperforms the compared approaches. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Parsa-Pajouh, A, Fatahi, H & Khabbaz, B 1970, 'Numerical analysis to quantify the influence of smear zone characteristics on preloading design in soft clay', 18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering: Challenges and Innovations in Geotechnics, ICSMGE 2013, International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Presses des Ponts, Paris, France, pp. 2573-2576.
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In this paper, the effects of uncertainties of smear zone characteristics induced by installation of prefabricated vertical drains on the preloading design are numerically investigated. FLAC 2D finite difference software with additional developed subroutines has been employed to conduct the numerical simulations. The finite difference analyses have been verified using a case study. Furthermore, a comprehensive parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of smear zone permeability and extent on the model predictions. Results of this study indicate that the assumptive properties for smear zone characteristics may result in inaccurate predictions of ground deformations and pore water pressures. This may lead to early removal of the surcharge in the construction process causing excessive post construction settlement. It is recommended to practising engineers to use results of trial preloading to back calculate the required smear zone characteristics in the early stages of embankment construction to optimize the design.

Patel, M, Ek, CH, Kyriazis, N, Argyros, A, Miro, JV & Kragic, D 1970, 'Language for learning complex human-object interactions', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), IEEE, Karlsruhe, Germany, pp. 4997-5002.
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In this paper we use a Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model (HHMM) to represent and learn complex activities/task performed by humans/robots in everyday life. Action primitives are used as a grammar to represent complex human behaviour and learn the interactions and behaviour of human/robots with different objects. The main contribution is the use of a probabilistic model capable of representing behaviours at multiple levels of abstraction to support the proposed hypothesis. The hierarchical nature of the model allows decomposition of the complex task into simple action primitives. The framework is evaluated with data collected for tasks of everyday importance performed by a human user. © 2013 IEEE.

Patten, T, Fitch, R & Sukkarieh, S 1970, 'Large-scale near-optimal decentralised information gathering with multiple mobile robots', Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ARAA, Sydney, New South Wales.
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Information gathering at large spatial scales can be addressed with teams of decentralised robots. Many existing methods search over a limited time horizon and do not provide strong performance guarantees. Near-optimal methods that exploit submodular objective functions have been proposed, given a fixed time budget. We propose a revised problem formulation that seeks to near-optimally maximise information gain quickly. We present a novel, near-optimal polynomial-time decentralised algorithm for multiple robots and analyse the expected path length with respect to the number of robots, the size of the area, and the number of observations. Our approach is based on area partitioning and is practically beneficial in that it allows for superlinear speedup in the time required to maximise the submodular objective function, is decentralised, and is easy to implement. We show extensive simulation results that compare the performance of our algorithm to existing sequential allocation methods.

Pears, A, Harland, J, Hamilton, M & Hadgraft, R 1970, 'What is Feedback? Connecting Student Perceptions to Assessment Practices', 2013 Learning and Teaching in Computing and Engineering, 2013 Learning and Teaching in Computing and Enginering (LaTiCE), IEEE, Macau, MACAO, pp. 106-113.
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Peeters, M, Megens, C, van den Hoven, E, Hummels, C & Brombacher, A 1970, 'Social Stairs: Taking the Piano Staircase towards Long-Term Behavioral Change', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, International Conference on Persuasive Technology, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 174-179.
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Abstract. This paper addresses the development of Social Stairs, an intelli-gent musical staircase to change peoples behavior in the long-term to take the stairs in favor of the elevator. Through designing with the Experiential Design Landscape (EDL) method, a design opportunity was found that social engage-ment encouraged people to take the stairs at work in favor of the elevator. To encourage this social behavior, people who involved each other and worked to-gether whilst using the Social Stairs were treated with more diverse orchestral chimes that echoed up the stairwell. In this paper we reflect on the differences between the persuasive system of the well-known Piano Staircase and the So-cial Stairs. We report on the deployment of the Social Stairs for a period of three weeks in the public space within the university community and identify opportunities for triggering intrinsic motivation, social engagement and how to keep people involved in the long-term.

Peng Cheng, Zhuo Chen, Guo, YJ & Lin Gui 1970, 'Distributed Bayesian compressive sensing based blind carrier-frequency offset estimation for interleaved OFDMA uplink', 2013 IEEE 24th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2013 IEEE 24th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), IEEE, London, UK, pp. 801-806.
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Carrier-frequency offset (CFO) estimation for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing access (OFDMA) systems operating in multiuser uplink transmission is very challenging due to the presence of a multiple-parameter estimation problem. In this paper, we propose a novel blind CFO estimation method for interleaved OFDMA uplink based on distributed Bayesian compressive sensing (DBCS) theory. Considering the received signal structure, the new method first constructs a measurement matrix associated with a sparse signal matrix weight, which sets up the stage for the application of CS theory in tackling the original estimation problem. Then, the DBCS theory that exploits a common sparse profile of the sparse signal matrix weight is employed to distributively estimate a sparse hyperparameter vector, whose significant peaks are linked to the correct estimation of the multiple CFOs. Compared with the existing subspace theory based methods, the proposed scheme offers a significant enhancement in estimation accuracy, in specific in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region. The numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. © 2013 IEEE.

Peng, J, Wang, M, Zhang, Y & Wang, X 1970, 'Map Building of Non-Structural Environmental Characteristics Based on Dynamic Model-Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm', 2013 32ND CHINESE CONTROL CONFERENCE (CCC), 32nd Chinese Control Conference (CCC), IEEE, PEOPLES R CHINA, Xian, pp. 6039-6044.

Peng, L & Stewart, MG 1970, 'Corrosion and damage risks for reinforced concrete infrastructure in China due to a changing climate', Safety, Reliability, Risk and Life-Cycle Performance of Structures and Infrastructures - Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability, ICOSSAR 2013, pp. 1527-1534.
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A changing climate which leads to increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration, and changes in temperature and relative humidity (RH), especially in the longer term, will accelerate the deterioration processes and consequently decline the safety, serviceability and durability of reinforced concrete (RC) infrastructure. This paper presents an investigation of carbonation induced deterioration in two typical Chinese cities (Xiamen and Jinan) under a changing climate. The changing trends of atmospheric CO2, local temperature and RH of typical Chinese cities are projected based on the latest CO2 emission scenarios. The time-dependent analysis is based on Monte-Carlo simulation, and includes the uncertainty of climate projections, deterioration processes, material properties, dimensions, and accuracy of predictive models. Deterioration of RC structures is represented by the probabilities of reinforcement corrosion initiation and damage. It was found that the mean carbonation depths by 2100 may increase by up to 44% for RC buildings in China due to a changing climate. It was also found that climate change can cause an additional 9-20% of carbonation-induced damage by 2100 for RC buildings in temperate or cold climate areas in China. The findings provide a basis for the development of climate adaptation strategies through the improved design of concrete structures. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Peng, S, Wang, G & Yu, S 1970, 'Mining Mechanism of Top-k Influential Nodes Based on Voting Algorithm in Mobile Social Networks', 2013 IEEE 10th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications & 2013 IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, 2013 IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) & 2013 IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC), IEEE, Zhangjiajie, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 2194-2199.
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Peng, S, Wang, G & Yu, S 1970, 'Modeling Malware Propagation in Smartphone Social Networks', 2013 12th IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, 2013 12th IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), IEEE, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 196-201.
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Peng, Y, Jin, JS, Luo, S, Xu, M, Au, S, Zhang, Z & Cui, Y 1970, 'Vehicle Type Classification Using Data Mining Techniques', The Era of Interactive Media, Pacific-Rim Conference on Multimedia, Springer New York, Sydney, Australia, pp. 325-335.
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© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. All rights reserved. In this paper, we proposed a novel and accurate visual-based vehicle type classification system. The system builts up a classifier through applying Support Vector Machine with various features of vehicle image. We made three contributions here: first, we originally incorporated color of license plate in the classification system. Moreover, the vehicle front was measured accurately based on license plate localization and background-subtraction technique. Finally, type probabilities for every vehicle image were derived from eigenvectors rather than deciding vehicle type directly. Instead of calculating eigenvectors from the whole body images of vehicle in existing methods, our eigenvectors are calculated from vehicle front images. These improvements make our system more applicable and accurate. The experiments demonstrated our system performed well with very promising classification rate under different weather or lighting conditions.

Perrin, R, Hamdan, S, Halkon, B & Swallowe, GM 1970, 'Studies with a small gamelan gong', Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics, pp. 337-344.

Pham, DH, Hunter, G, Li Li & Jianguo Zhu 1970, 'Feedforward decoupling control method in grid-interfaced inverter', 2013 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), 2013 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Hobart Australia, pp. 1-5.
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Recently, microgrid has been studied and applied widely all over the world. More and more experimental microgrids are being connected to the utility grid. This paper presents an improvement in the real and reactive power control of three-phase grid-interfaced inverter for microgrid applications. Based on the traditional PI feedback current control, the desirable values of P and Q can be achieved by controlling the currents in d-q stationary frame. Moreover, the feedforward control method also brings some advantages to the systems such as higher reliability and enhanced stability. One of the most important improvements is to decouple the real and reactive power, i.e. P and Q are controlled separately. In this paper, the controller with feedforward algorithm has been simulated and shows some promiscuous results. © 2013 Australasian Committee for Power Engineering (ACPE).

Phung, MD, Van Nguyen, TT, Tran, TH & Tran, QV 1970, 'Localization of networked robot systems subject to random delay and packet loss', 2013 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, 2013 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM), IEEE, Wollongong, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1442-1447.
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Pileggi, SF & Fernandez-Llatas, C 1970, 'Towards Semantic Resources in the Cloud', Communications in Computer and Information Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 407-416.
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During the past years, the cloud vision at distributed systems progressively became the new trend for the next generation platforms. The advance in the technology, both with the broadband availability and the explosion of mobile computing, make the massive migration to cloud solution next to be a fact. The Cloud model assures a new technologic and business environment for services and applications where competitiveness, scalability and sustainability converge. On the other hand, next generation applications have to be able to pervasively meet the needs and requirements deeply different among them. Applications involving complex virtual organizations require a higher level of flexibility. An effective approach is based on the convergence between migration and virtualization. The resource-centric model assumes file systems, DBs, services and any other class of resources available in the "cloud" as Virtual Resources. These heterogeneous resources can be managed in a unique virtual context regardless by the infrastructures on which they are deployed. Semantics play a critical role in order to assure advanced and open solutions in a technologic context featured by a fundamental lack of standardization. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.

Pileggi, SF, Calvo-Gallego, J & Amor, R 1970, 'Bringing Semantic Resources Together in the Cloud: From Theory to Application', 2013 Fifth International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Modelling and Simulation, 2013 Fifth International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Modelling and Simulation (CIMSim), IEEE, pp. 113-118.
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This paper deals with the added value provided by Semantic Technologies in cloud environments. In these contexts, semantics are not understood as a massive technology but as a resource in order to improve cloud platforms' capabilities in terms of interoperability, knowledge building/representation and management. The proposed approach aims at the extension of the common middleware functional layer in complex architectures through semantics. This added capability should enable (active and passive) heterogeneous resources to work together as in a unique ecosystem, as well as supporting innovative interaction models involving these resources. The ideal application could be the Smart City. © 2013 IEEE.

Pileggi, SF, Fernandez-Llatas, C & Traver, V 1970, 'Metropolitan Ecosystems among Heterogeneous Cognitive Networks: Issues, Solutions and Challenges', Communications in Computer and Information Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 323-333.
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Cognitive Networks working on large scale are experimenting an increasing popularity. The interest, by both a scientific and commercial perspective, in the context of different environments, applications and domains is a fact. The natural convergence point for these heterogeneous disciplines is the need of a strong advanced technologic support that enables the generation of distributed observations on large scale as well as the intelligent process of obtained information. Focusing mostly on cognitive networks that generate information directly through sensor networks, existent solutions at level of metropolitan area are mainly limited by the use of obsolete/static coverage models as well as by a fundamental lack of flexibility respect to the dynamic features of the virtual organizations. Furthermore, the centralized view at the systems is a strong limitation for dynamic data processing and knowledge building. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.

Pineda, JA, Kelly, R, Bates, L, Sheng, D & Sloan, S 1970, 'Effects of Pore Fluid Salinity on the Shear Strength of a Soft Clay', Poromechanics V, Fifth Biot Conference on Poromechanics, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 1460-1469.
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The paper presents the results from a preliminary study focused on the influence of pore fluid salinity on the shear strength of a soft clay from New South Wales (Australia). Direct shear tests (DST) were carried out on natural specimens using pore fluids with different salt concentrations. Electrical conductivity measurements were performed on the squeezed pore water after shearing to quantify changes in salinity of the soil pore water. Strength parameters showed a clear dependency of the pore fluid. Changes in c' and φ appear to be controlled by two factors: (i) initial salinity, and (ii) extent of the concentration gradient. Results from mercury intrusion porosimetry tests demonstrated the influence of changes in pore water salinity on the evolution of the dominant pore size. It was in agreement with macroscopic observations. Implications for further laboratory testing are highlighted in the paper. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Pisan, Y, Marin, JG, Navarro, KF & Machinery, AC 1970, 'Improving Lives: Using Microsoft Kinect to Predict the Loss of Balance for Elderly Users under Cognitive Load', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH AUSTRALASIAN CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE ENTERTAINMENT (IE 2013), Interactive Entertainment, ACM Press, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-4.
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Among older adults, falling down while doing everyday tasks is the leading cause for injuries, disabilities and can even result in death. Furthermore, even when no injury has occurred the fear of falling can result in loss of confidence and independence. The two major factors in the loss of balance is weakening of the muscles and reduced cognitive skills. While exercise programmes can reduce the risk of falling by 40%, patient compliance with these programmes is low. We present the Microsoft-Kinect based step training program system that we have developed specifically for elderly patients. The program measures physical health and cognitive abilities and incorporates an individualized adaptive program for improvements. The real-time data obtained from the program is similar to clinical evaluations typically conducted by doctors and the game-like exercises result in increased adherence to the exercise regimes. Copyright © 2013 ACM.

Piyathilaka, L & Kodagoda, S 1970, 'Gaussian mixture based HMM for human daily activity recognition using 3D skeleton features', 2013 IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), 2013 IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA 2013), IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 567-572.
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Ability to recognize human activities will enhance the capabilities of a robot that interacts with humans. However automatic detection of human activities could be challenging due to the individual nature of the activities. In this paper, we present human activity detection model that uses only 3-D skeleton features generated from an RGB-D sensor (Microsoft Kinect). To infer the human activities, we implemented Gaussian Mixture Modal (GMM) based Hidden Markov model(HMM). GM outputs of the HMM were effectively able to capture multimodel nature of 3D positions of each skeleton joint. We tested our model in a publicly available data-set that consists of twelve different daily activities performed by four different people.The proposed model recorded recognition recall accuracy of 84% with previously seen people and 78% with previously unseen people.

Pradhan, B & Nampak, H 1970, 'Application of fuzzy operators to groundwater potential mapping using remote sensing data and gis', 34th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing 2013, ACRS 2013, pp. 3213-3221.
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The main aim of this research is to investigate potential application of a data driven fuzzy logic method for spatial prediction of groundwater productivity potential mapping in the Langat basin area, Selangor, Malaysia using geographic information system (GIS). The spatial relationships between groundwater yield measurements and spatial factors relevant to productivity of yield were analyzed. Yield measurements were collected from well locations and high yield values were input to a spatial database and randomized in a ratio of 70:30 for training and validation of the model, respectively. Based on the groundwater occurrence and the spatial factors relevant yield measurements, fuzzy membership values for these evidences were estimated using frequency ratio approach. Then the fuzzy algebraic operators were applied to the fuzzy membership values for groundwater productivity potential mapping. Finally, the produced map was validated by comparing with existing well locations for prediction accuracy computation. Copyright © (2013) by the Asian Association on Remote Sensing.

Pradhan, S & Gay, VC 1970, 'Towards a New Trust Model for Health Social Networks', The 8th International Conference on Internet and Web Application adn Services, International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services, IARIA, Rome, Italy, pp. 52-57.
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More specifid purpose driven social networking sites have emerged since social networking sites have gained popularity by bringing people with shared interests together to interact. In health care, they are referred as Health Social Networks (HSNs). Given the sensitive nature of health information, trust ist he fundamental for them. The emergence of pervasive and ubiquitous computing environment and overwhelming information available online is helping the health social sites gain popularityat a fast pace. Health social networkers aare willing to create, share or retrieve trustworthy health or lifestyle related information. Therefore, it is essential that trust is stipulated and scrutinised to understand how the users perceive healthcare, how they decide to interact with HSNs. This paper analyses external factors such as perceived information quality, perceived system quality, perceived reputation and perceived trust signs which impact the trust model for HSNs. In particular, 'perceived reputation' based on the factor 'who has recommended the site' is given an emphasis on this paper. It hightlights that popularity of social networking sites is changing the way trust models have been devined in the past. This is because social relationship created via social networking sites are also impacting on choosing the HSNs and how users are sharing health information on these platforms

Pradhan, S, Gay, V & Nepal, S 1970, 'Social networking and dental care: State of the art and analysis of the impact on dentists, dental practices and their patients', 26th Bled eConference - eInnovations: Challenges and Impacts for Individuals, Organizations and Society, Proceedings, Bled eConference, University of Maribor, Bled, Slovenia, pp. 178-189.
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Health Social networking sites offering search, reviews and recommendation are gaining popularity. This paper reviews the most popular social networking sites related to dental care. Social networks such as DrOogle and Yelp enable their users to review and rate their dentists and dental practices. Such information is then used to rank and recommend dentists or dental practices to new users/patients. This paper compares the dental care social networking sites in terms of their features and criteria supported for search, reviews and recommendations of dentists or dental practices. Mismatches between features and criteria among different dental care reviews sites are identified, which may cause inconsistency in the recommendations in the dental care. Therefore, this paper proposes a new framework for dynamic dental care recommendation system which takes both local (personalised) and global (crowdsourced) trust into account. It analyses the impact of current social networks on dentists, dental practices and their patients. Finally, it identifies the open issues and challenges that need to be addressed to design a trustworthy recommendation system for both the dental professionals and their patients.

Prasad, M, Lin, CT, Yang, CT & Saxena, A 1970, 'Vertical collaborative fuzzy C-means for multiple EEG data sets', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications, Springer, Busan, South Korea, pp. 246-257.
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Vertical Collaborative Fuzzy C-Means (VC-FCM) is a clustering method that performs clustering on a data set of having some set of patterns with the collaboration of some knowledge which is obtained from other data set having the same number of features but different set of patterns. Uncertain relationship lies in data between the data sets as well as within a dataset. Practically data of the same group of objects are usually stored in different datasets; in each data set, the data dimensions are not necessarily the same and unreal data may exist. Fuzzy clustering of a single data set would bring about less reliable results. And these data sets cannot be integrated for some reasons. An interesting application of vertical clustering occurs when dealing with huge data sets. Instead of clustering them in a single pass, we split them into individual data sets, cluster each of them separately, and reconcile the results through the collaborative exchange of prototypes. Vertical collaborative fuzzy C-Means is a useful tool for dealing collaborative clustering problems where a feature space is described in different pattern-sets. In this paper we use collaborative fuzzy clustering, first we cluster each data set individually and then optimize in accordance with the dependency of these datasets is adopted so as to improve the quality of fuzzy clustering of a single data set with the help of other data sets, taking personal privacy and security of data into consideration. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Prior, J 1970, 'A sense of working there', Proceedings of the 25th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference: Augmentation, Application, Innovation, Collaboration, OzCHI '13: Augmentation, Application, Innovation, Collaboration, ACM, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 147-150.
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This paper emphasises the importance to the Human-Computer Interaction community of understanding the landscape in which Agile software developers practice. A longitudinal ethnographic study of professional Agile software developers in Australia is drawn on to present an account of their everyday work.

Pupatwibul, P, Banjar, A & Braun, R 1970, 'Using DAIM as a Reactive Interpreter for OpenFlow Networks to Enable Autonomic Functionality', ACM SIGCOMM COMPUTER COMMUNICATION REVIEW, ACM SIGCOMM 2013, ACM, Hong Kong, pp. 523-524.
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OpenFlow is the first standardization of Software Defined Networks. OpenFlow approach, however, has number of limitations: it restricts its use within a single-domain, it is not scalable, and it does not adapt well to changes in local environments. We evaluate the number of approaches to solve these limitations, and propose DAIM model (Distributed Active information Model) which can be integrated into the OpenFlow structure at the level of the switches to provide a reactive interpreter that will manage the flow tables autonomically.

Pupatwibul, P, Banjar, A & Braun, R 1970, 'Using DAIM as a reactive interpreter for openflow networks to enable autonomic functionality', Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 conference on SIGCOMM, SIGCOMM'13: ACM SIGCOMM 2013 Conference, ACM.
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Pupatwibul, P, Banjar, A, Sabbagh, AAL & Braun, R 1970, 'Developing an Application Based on OpenFlow to Enhance Mobile IP Networks', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2013 38TH ANNUAL IEEE CONFERENCE ON LOCAL COMPUTER NETWORKS WORKSHOPS (LCN WORKSHOPS), IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 936-940.
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Mobile Internet Protocol (IP) has been developed to maintain permanent IP addresses for mobile users while they are moving from one point to another where the Mobile Terminal (MT) device will have two IP addresses: a static home address and a care-of address which will be changed and re-attached at each point of the movement of the MT. However, a location update message is required to be sent to the home agent for each new connection. This will potentially increase the handoff latency and leads to high load on the global Internet. This paper presents the concepts and the challenges of Mobile IP networks and then proposes the use of OpenFlow approach as an alternate transport mechanism to perform routing and to provide network connectivity for Mobile IP networks. The proposed application determines calculations and reroutes the subsequent packets. OpenFlow aims to optimize routing path and handoff performance by using controller's application and exchanges controllers' information. © 2013 IEEE.

Qadir, A, Dyson, A, Sharma, M, Arab, M, Khalilpour, R, Chiesa, M & Abbas, A 1970, 'Computer-aided solvent and process design for carbon capture', Computational Molecular Science and Engineering Forum 2013 - Core Programming Area at the 2013 AIChE Annual Meeting: Global Challenges for Engineering a Sustainable Future, p. 19.

Qayyum, U & Kim, J 1970, 'Analysis on the number of local minima for 3D SLAM problem', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), 2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 1659-1664.
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Qayyum, U & Kim, J 1970, 'Consistency based calibration approach for visual-laser scanner', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), 2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 2632-2637.
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Qayyum, U & Kim, J 1970, 'Inertial-kinect fusion for outdoor 3D Navigation', Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA, Australian Robotics and Automation Association.
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The lightweight and low-cost 3D sensing device, such as Microsoft Kinect, has gained much at- tention in computer vision and robotics com- munity. Although quite promising and success- ful for indoor applications, its outdoor usage has been significantly hampered by its short de- tection range (around 4 meters) coupled with ambient infrared interference. This paper ad- dresses the theoretical and practical develop- ment of an Inertial-Kinect fused SLAM frame- work that can handle the 3D to 2D degenera- tion in Kinect sensing, called a depth dropout problem. The vision node is designed to pro- vide either full 6DOF or partial 5DOF vehi- cle pose measurements depending on the depth availability, whilst the low-cost inertial system designed in house (less than $40AUD) enables continuous metric mapping and navigation. In- door and outdoor experiment results are pro- vided, demonstrating the robustness of the pro- posed approach in a challenging environmental conditions.

Qiao, M, Qin, L, Cheng, H, Yu, JX & Tian, W 1970, 'Top-K Nearest Keyword Search on Large Graphs.', Proc. VLDB Endow., International Conference on Very Large Databases, ACM, Trento, Italy, pp. 901-912.
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It is quite common for networks emerging nowadays to have labels or textual contents on the nodes. On such networks, we study the problem of top-k nearest keyword (k-NK) search. In a network G modeled as an undirected graph, each node is attached with zero or more keywords, and each edge is assigned with a weight measuring its length. Given a query node q in G and a keyword λ, a k-NK query seeks k nodes which contain λ and are nearest to q. k-NK is not only useful as a stand-alone query but also as a building block for tackling complex graph pattern matching problems. The key to an accurate k-NK result is a precise shortest distance estimation in a graph. Based on the latest distance oracle technique, we build a shortest path tree for a distance oracle and use the tree distance as a more accurate estimation. With such representation, the original k-NK query on a graph can be reduced to answering the query on a set of trees and then assembling the results obtained from the trees. We propose two efficient algorithms to report the exact k-NK result on a tree. One is query time optimized for a scenario when a small number of result nodes are of interest to users. The other handles k-NK queries for an arbitrarily large k efficiently. In obtaining a k-NK result on a graph from that on trees, a global storage technique is proposed to further reduce the index size and the query time. Extensive experimental results conform with our theoretical findings, and demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our k-NK algorithms on large real graphs. © 2013 VLDB Endowment.

Qiao, Y, Sun, X & Yu, N 1970, 'Determinantal Complexities and Field Extensions', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Hong Kong, pp. 119-129.
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Let double-struck F be a field of characteristic ≠ 2. The determinantal complexity of a polynomial P ∈ double-struck F[x1,..., x n] is defined as the smallest size of a matrix M whose entries are linear polynomials of xi 's over double-struck F, such that P = det(M) as polynomials in double-struck F[x1,..., xn]. To determine the determinantal complexity of the permanent polynomial is a long-standing open problem. Let double-struck K be an extension field of double-struck F; then P can be viewed as a polynomial over double-struck K. We are interested in the comparison between the determinantal complexity of P over double-struck K (denoted as dcdouble-struck K(P))), and that of P over double-struck F (denoted as dcdouble-struck F(P). It is clear that dcdouble-struck K(P) ≤, dcdouble-struck F(P) and the question is whether strict inequality can happen. In this note we consider polynomials defined over ℚ. For P = x12 + ⋯ + xn2, there exists a constant multiplicative gap between dcℝ(P) and dcℂ(P): we prove dc ℝ(P) ≥ n while ⌈n/2⌉ + 1 ≥ dc ℂ(P). We also consider additive constant gaps: (1) there exists a quadratic polynomial Q ∈ ℚ [x, y], such that dcℚ-(Q) = 3 and ; (2) there exists a cubic polynomial C ∈ ℚ[x, y] with a rational zero, such that dcℚ(C) = 4 and dcℚ-(C) = 3. For additive constant gaps, geometric criteria are presented to decide when dcℚ = dcℚ-. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Qin, P-Y, Guo, YJ, Ding, C & Soc, IEEEAP 1970, 'A Microstrip Dual-band Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna', 2013 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI), IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium (APSURSI), IEEE, Orlando, FL, USA, pp. 1640-1641.
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A new microstrip dual-band polarization reconfigurable antenna is presented for WLANs operating at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz The antenna consists of a square microstrip patch that is aperture coupled to a microstrip line located along the diagonal line of the patch. The dual-band operation is realized by employing the TM10 and TM30 modes of the patch antenna. Four shorting posts are inserted into the patch to adjust the frequency ratio of the two modes. The center of each edge of the patch is connected to ground via a PIN diode for polarization switching. By switching between the different states of PIN diodes, the proposed antenna can have horizontal, vertical, or 45° linear polarizations for the two frequency bands. © 2013 IEEE.

Qu, Z, Wang, J, Xu, M & Lu, H 1970, 'Fusing Warping, Cropping, and Scaling for Optimal Image Thumbnail Generation', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 445-456.
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Image retargeting, as a content aware technique, is regarded as a logical tool for generating image thumbnails. However, the enormous difference between the size of source and target usually hinders single retargeting method from obtaining satisfactory results. In this paper, an unified framework is proposed to fuse three popular retargeting strategies, i.e. warping, cropping, and scaling, for thumbnail generation. Complementing each other, three retargeting strategies work together efficiently. Firstly, cropping selectively discards the unimportant regions in order to free up more space for displaying important content aesthetically. Next, warping helps to incorporate as much as possible visual information into thumbnails by rearranging important content more compactly through non-uniform deformation. Finally, scaling retrains the important content at an optimal size rather than undergoing an improper shrinkage. In our solution, warping, cropping and scaling are encoded as three energy terms of the objective function respectively, which can be solved efficiently by numerical optimization. Both qualitative and quantitative comparison results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an excellent trade-off among smoothness, completeness and distinguishableness in thumbnail generation. Through these results, our method shows obvious superiority over state-of-the-art techniques. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Quin, P, Paul, G, Alempijevic, A, Liu, D, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Efficient Neighbourhood-Based Information Gain Approach for Exploration of Complex 3D Environments', 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Karlsruhe, Germany, pp. 1343-1348.
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This paper presents an approach for exploring a complex 3D environment with a sensor mounted on the end effector of a robot manipulator. In contrast to many current approaches which plan as far ahead as possible using as much environment information as is available, our approach considers only a small set of poses (vector of joint angles) neighbouring the robot's current pose in configuration space. Our approach is compared to an existing exploration strategy for a similar robot. Our results demonstrate a significant decrease in the number of information gain estimation calculations that need to be performed, while still gathering an equivalent or increased amount of information about the environment. © 2013 IEEE.

Quin, P, Paul, G, Liu, D & Alempijevic, A 1970, 'Nearest neighbour exploration with backtracking for robotic exploration of complex 3D environments', Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australian Robotics & Automation Association, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-8.
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This paper presents an extension to an ex- ploration strategy called Nearest Neighbour (NN) Exploration to reduce required explo- ration time. The new approach, called Nearest Neighbours with Backtracking (NNB) involves keeping track of all neighbours at each time step throughout exploration in a tree structure. This strategy is shown through simulations to improve exploration time.

Radmanesh, N, Burnett, IS & IEEE 1970, 'EFFECTIVENESS OF HORIZONTAL PERSONAL SOUND SYSTEMS FOR LISTENERS OF VARIABLE HEIGHTS', 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (ICASSP), IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 316-320.
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Standard surround systems for generation of isolated wideband soundfields employ uniformly-spaced array of speakers in the horizontal plane. For these systems, the evaluation of sound reproduction with height is important due to listener's variable heights. Previous work demonstrated that controlling both the speakers' location and their complex weights using two-stage Lasso-LS pressure matching optimization allows isolated sound reproduction with limited number of speakers within the speakers' plane. This work demonstrates that deployment of this technique can also give up to 24dB in suppression of sound at heights between zero and one meter from speakers' plane over single-stage LS using e.g. 90 speakers in a semicircular array. © 2013 IEEE.

Raduescu, C & Gill, AQ 1970, 'Towards the Development of a Complex Adaptive Project Environment Assessment Tool.', ISD, International Conference on Information Systems Development, Springer, Sevilla, Spain, pp. 487-498.
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Rafiei, A, Maali, Y, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, D, Safaei, F, Smith, S & IEEE 1970, 'A Tuned Fuzzy Logic Relocation Model in WSNs Using Particle Swarm Optimization', 2013 IEEE 78TH VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (VTC FALL), IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE-VTS, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 1-5.
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In harsh and hostile environments, swift relocation of currently deployed nodes in the absence of centralized paradigm is a challenging issue in WSNs. Reducing the burden of centralized relocation paradigms by the distributed movement models comes at the price of unpleasant oscillations and excessive movements due to nodes' local and limited interactions. If the nodes' careless movements in the distributed relocation models are not properly addressed, their power will be exhausted. Therefore, in order to exert proper amount of virtual radial/angular push/pull forces among the nodes, a fuzzy logic relocation model is proposed and by considering linear combination of the presented performance metric(s)(i.e. coverage, uniformity, and average movement), its parameters are locally and globally tuned by particle swarm optimization(PSO). In order to tune fuzzy parameters locally and globally, PSO benefits respectively from nodes' neighbours within different ranges and all the given deployed area. Performance of locally and globally tuned fuzzy relocation models is compared with one another in addition to the distributed self-spreading algorithm (DSSA). It is shown that by applying PSO to the linear combinations of desired metric(s) to obtain tuned fuzzy parameters, the relocation model outperforms and/or is comparable to DSSA in one or more performance metric(s). Copyright © 2013 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc.

Rafiei, A, Maali, Y, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, DR & Smith, S 1970, 'An iteratively tuned fuzzy logic movement model in WSN using particle swarm optimization.', ICSPCS, International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems, IEEE, Carrara, VIC, Australia, pp. 1-7.
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In contrast to adding new nodes, relocation of deployed nodes in mobile wireless sensor networks seems to be an effective solution to cope with undesirable, unpredictable and uncontrolled network topology changes due to nodes' drift and failure. At the price of less global control, there is a trend in recent years towards giving nodes more autonomy and devising localized relocation algorithms to address challenges of network topology control in harsh and hostile environments in the absence of centralized control. Inspired by laws of nature, a large variety of distributed node relocation algorithms have been designed to alleviate undesirable oscillations caused by local interactions and uncertainties among autonomous nodes as they reach their desired formations. Force-based distributed relocation algorithms governed by virtual push-pull forces among autonomous nodes are among such aforesaid algorithms. Adapting fuzzy logic model in exerting proper amount of forces to reduce node movement oscillation seems to be promising as its conforms well with uncertainties and interactions of autonomous nodes. However, parameters of fuzzy logic relocation model should be tuned so to enable nodes to exert proper amount of forces among their in-range neighbours. In this paper, by using particle swarm optimization, parameters of fuzzy relocation model are obtained based on the desired combinations of performance metrics within nodes' range in each movement iteration. The result shows that our model either outperforms or matches DSSA movement model. © 2013 IEEE.

Rahman, BMA & Agrawal, A 1970, 'Finite Element Modeling Methods for Photonics', Artech House.
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In addition, this is the perfect support to anyone using the COMSOL Multiphysics© RF Module.

Ramezani, F, Hussain, FK & Lu, J 1970, 'A Fuzzy Predictable Load Balancing Approach in Cloud Computing', Proceedings of the International Conference on Grid & Cloud Computing and Applications GCA'13, International Conference on Grid & Cloud Computing and Applications, WorldComp, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
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Cloud computing is a new paradigm for hosting and delivering services on demand over the internet where users access services. It is an example of an ultimately virtualized system, and a natural evolution for data centers that employ automated systems management, workload balancing, and virtualization technologies. Live virtual machine (VM) migration is a technique to achieve load balancing in cloud environment by transferring an active overload VM from one physical host to another one without disrupting the VM. In this study, to eliminate whole VM migration in load balancing process, we propose a Fuzzy Predictable Load Balancing (FPLB) approach which confronts with the problem of overload VM, by assigning the extra tasks from overloaded VM to another similar VM instead of whole VM migration. In addition, we propose a Fuzzy Prediction Method (FPM) to predict VMs migration time. This approach also contains a multi-objective optimization model to migrate these tasks to a new VM host. In proposed FPLB approach there is no need to pause VM during migration time. Furthermore, considering this fact that VM live migration contrast to tasks migration takes longer to complete and needs more idle capacity in host physical machine (PM), the proposed approach will significantly reduce time, idle memory and cost consumption.

Ramezani, F, Lu, J & Hussain, F 1970, 'An Online Fuzzy Decision Support System for Resource Management in Cloud Environments', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2013 JOINT IFSA WORLD CONGRESS AND NAFIPS ANNUAL MEETING (IFSA/NAFIPS), Joint IFSA World Congress and NAFIPS Annual Meeting, IEEE, Edmonton, Canada, pp. 754-759.
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Cloud computing is a large-scale distributed computing paradigm driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted, virtualized, dynamically-scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet. Although a significant amount of studies have been developed to optimize resource management and task scheduling in cloud computing, none of them considered the impact of task scheduling patterns on resource management and vice versa. To overcome this drawback, and considering the lack of resources in cloud environments and growing customer demands for cloud services, this paper proposes an Online Resource Management Decision Support System (ORMDSS) that addresses both tasks scheduling and resource management optimization in a unique system. In addition, ORMDSS contains a fuzzy prediction method for predicting VM workload patterns and VM migration time by applying neural networks and fuzzy expert systems. This ORMDSS helps cloud providers to automatically allocate scare resources to the applications and services in an optimal way. It is expected that the ORMDSS not only increases cloud utilization and QoS, but also decreases cost and response time.

Ramezani, F, Lu, J & Hussain, F 1970, 'Task Scheduling Optimization in Cloud Computing Applying Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization', SERVICE-ORIENTED COMPUTING, ICSOC 2013, IEEE International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing and Applications, Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 237-251.
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Optimizing the scheduling of tasks in a distributed heterogeneous computing environment is a nonlinear multi-objective NP-hard problem which is playing an important role in optimizing cloud utilization and Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper, we develop a comprehensive multi-objective model for optimizing task scheduling to minimize task execution time, task transferring time, and task execution cost. However, the objective functions in this model are in conflict with one another. Considering this fact and the supremacy of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm in speed and accuracy, we design a multi-objective algorithm based on multi-objective PSO (MOPSO) method to provide an optimal solution for the proposed model. To implement and evaluate the proposed model, we extend Jswarm package to multi-objective Jswarm (MO-Jswarm) package. We also extend Cloudsim toolkit applying MO-Jswarm as its task scheduling algorithm. MO-Jswarm in Cloudsim determines the optimal task arrangement among VMs according to MOPSO algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed method has the ability to find optimal trade-off solutions for multi-objective task scheduling problems that represent the best possible compromises among the conflicting objectives, and significantly increases the QoS. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Ramezani, F, Lu, J & Hussain, FK 1970, 'Task Scheduling Optimization in Cloud Computing Applying Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization', Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing, 11th International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp. 237-251.

Ramli, SN, Ahmad, R, Abdollah, MF & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'A biometric-based security for data authentication in Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)', International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, ICACT, International Conference on Advanced Computing Technologies, pp. 998-1001.
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The empowerment in wireless communication technologies and sensors have developed the Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). In the past few years, many researchers have been focusing on building system architecture of health monitoring to improve the technical requirement specifically designed for WBAN. Less research was found in providing the strong security system. As part of communication medium, WBAN faced various security issues such as loss of data, authentication and access control. Implementing high security system leads to inconsistency in computational performance. It is recommended that the security system for WBAN must be implemented with low computational complexity and high power efficiency. None of previous researches successfully identified solution to the above problem. This study explores the use of biometric characteristics in securing data communication within WBAN and reducing computational complexity as well as power efficiency. Hybrid authentication model is used as a conceptual framework for the system. Precisely, the proposed framework requires a unique feature of human body regarded as the authentication identity, while the other techniques use hardware and software to achieve the same purpose. In addition, an authentication process is provided by using this unique feature of the body as a key to develop a security system under the resource-constrained of WBAN sensor challenges. © 2013 GIRI.

Ranga, Y, Thalakotuna, D, Esselle, KP, Hay, SG, Matekovits, L & Orefice, M 1970, 'A transmission polarizer based on width-modulated lines and slots', 2013 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), 2013 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), IEEE, Karlsruhe, GERMANY, pp. 299-302.
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Rehman, ZU, Hussain, OK & Hussain, FK 1970, 'Multi-Criteria IaaS Service Selection based on QoS History', 2013 IEEE 27TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INFORMATION NETWORKING AND APPLICATIONS (AINA), International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (was ICOIN), IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1129-1135.
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The growing number of cloud services have made service selection a challenging decision-making problem by providing wide ranging choices for cloud service consumers. This necessitates the use of formal decision making methodologies to assist a decision maker in selecting the service that best fulfils the user's requirements. In this paper, we present a cloud service selection methodology that utilizes QoS history over different time periods, performs Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to rank all cloud services in each time period in accordance with user preferences before aggregating the results to determine the overall service rank of all the available services for cloud service selection. © 2013 IEEE.

Reitsma, L, Smith, A, van den Hoven, E & IEEE 1970, 'StoryBeads: Preserving Indigenous Knowledge through Tangible Interaction Design', 2013 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CULTURE AND COMPUTING (CULTURE AND COMPUTING 2013), International Conference on Culture and Computing, IEEE Computer Society, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 79-85.
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This paper addresses the need to preserve culturally unique knowledge for future generations. This user-centered design-research case study focused on preserving Indigenous Knowledge (IK) of the South-African BaNtwane culture, specifically focusing on their rich beadwork and oral traditions. Our approach allows for design research in a scenario where the community is represented by a few prominent members, simultaneously making provision for the incorporation of modern technology in a society trailing in technology adoption. The study resulted in a recording device that fits the target group's oral tradition and is based on a concept in which oral stories are recorded and associated with tangible beads that can be incorporated into traditional beadwork. The device and interaction design embraces the culture's aesthetics and existing IK mechanisms.

Ren, Y, Zhu, T, Li, G & Zhou, W 1970, 'Top-N Recommendations by Learning User Preference Dynamics', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 390-401.
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In a recommendation system, user preference patterns and the preference dynamic effect are observed in the user x item rating matrix. However, their value has barely been exploited in previous research. In this paper, we formalize the preference pattern as a sparse matrix and propose a Preference Pattern Subspace to iteratively model the personal and the global preference patterns with an EM-like algorithm. Furthermore, we propose a PrepSVD-I algorithm by transforming the Top-N recommendation as a pairwise preference learning process. Experiment results show that the proposed PrepSVD-I algorithm significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art Top-N recommendation algorithms. © Springer-Verlag 2013.

Resconi, G, Braun, R & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'Geometry of a sensor networks', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Computer Aided Systems Theory (EUROCAST), Springer, Las Palmas, SPAIN, pp. 507-512.
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Given a set of sensors or cluster of sensors S located at different points or nodes in the ordinary space. Any sensor measures one or more values, such as Temperature. We assume that the information from all sensors at different positions in the space is transmitted to a Gateway node as a probabilistic phenomena, not in a deterministic way. The measured value X at the Gateway sensor node is a random value. Noise in the network randomly changes the original measurements. Information at the gateway is given by a distribution of the probability at the gateway sensor. We can show that given the values at the sensor node the distribution of the probability at the gateway changes. So the sensor measurements are parameters that define the distribution of the values at the gateway. The probability at the gateway is conditioned by the original measures at the sensor node. The probability approach cannot take care of the topology of the network but only of the conditional probability at the gateway conditioned by the sensors. Now we compute the derivative of the conditional Boltzmann entropy for any variation of the sensor value and for any value at the gateway X. This matrix gives us the sensor situation so we can compute the Fisher information of the sensor. It is the Hessian of the entropy average function in the space of the sensors S. The Fisher information gives us the geometry or form of the sensor space S. Sensor information is very important to obtain the form of the phenomena that we want to measure with the different sensors. Networks of sensors with their geometry go beyond the individual sensor that measures only one value and cannot discover the field or form of the physical phenomena. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Retallick, M, Babister, M & Ball, JE 1970, 'Use of Two Dimensional Hydraulic Models to Estimate Hydraulic Hazard', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 35TH IAHR WORLD CONGRESS, VOLS III AND IV, 35th World Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydro-Environment-Engineering-and-Research (IAHR), TSINGHUA UNIV, Int Assoc Hydro Environm Engn & Res, Chengdu, PEOPLES R CHINA.

Ringel, SA, Carlin, JA, Grassman, TJ, Galiana, B, Carlin, AM, Ratcliff, C, Chmielewski, D, Yang, L, Mills, MJ, Mansouri, A, Bremner, SP, Ho-Baillie, A, Hao, X, Mehrvarz, H, Conibeer, G & Green, MA 1970, 'Ideal GaP/Si heterostructures grown by MOCVD: III-V/active-Si subcells, multijuntions, and MBE-to-MOCVD III-V/Si interface science', 2013 IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), 2013 IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), IEEE.
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Rizoiu, M-A 1970, 'Semi-Supervised Structuring of Complex Data.', IJCAI, IJCAI/AAAI, pp. 3239-3240.
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The objective of the thesis is to explore how complex data can be treated using unsupervised machine learning techniques, in which additional information is injected to guide the exploratory process. Starting from specific problems, our contributions take into account the different dimensions of the complex data: their nature (image, text), the additional information attached to the data (labels, structure, concept ontologies) and the temporal dimension. A special attention is given to data representation and how additional information can be leveraged to improve this representation.

Rose, JF, Hawryszkiewycz, I & Kang, K 1970, 'When and how to facilitate the introduction of new knowledge processes in organisations', Proceedings of the 24th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Australasian Conference on Information Systems, RMIT, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-10.
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Why has implementing new processes into well-established organizations proved to be problematical? We present two case studies hosted between 2012 and 2013 by a large Australian retailer that address this question. The first study focused on devising cost extraction ideas and the second investigated how facilitation could mitigate adverse impacts of new ideas. A gap was found between the capability to implement a new process and that required to achieve the promised benefits. Investigation of new process implementations found three prime contributors to this gap. Firstly, knowledge flow was inhibited by social network structural holes; secondly, reliance on tacit knowledge made identifying training needs difficult; and lastly, high utilisation of experts reduced their effectiveness. We devised a four-pronged approach to estimate this gap and provided guidelines to facilitate new processes. Outcomes from these studies will help organisations enhance their ability to maintain a competitive advantage in a changing marketplace.

Roy, NK, Pota, HR, Mahmud, A & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'D-STATCOM control in distribution networks with composite loads to ensure grid code compatible performance of photovoltaic generators', 2013 IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), 2013 IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA 2013), IEEE, Swinburne Univ Technol, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 55-60.
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Roy, NK, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'A control methodology for DFIG type wind turbines connected to distribution networks', 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, IEEE, Vancouver, CANADA.
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Runchun Wang, Cohen, G, Hamilton, TJ, Tapson, J & van Schaik, A 1970, 'An improved aVLSI axon with programmable delay using spike timing dependent delay plasticity', 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS2013), 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE, pp. 1592-1595.
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We present a voltage domain implementation of a programmable delay axon circuit together with measurements from it. It was designed to be a building block for a polychronous spiking neural network. The axonal delay can be programmed by presenting an input spike followed by a post-synaptic spike at the desired delay. An analogue memory was used to store this value. We also use spike timing dependent delay plasticity (STDDP) to reduce the errors in delay that result from the delay programming step. Measurements show that the proposed circuit is capable of learning and retaining delays in the range of 2 ms to 50 ms for many minutes. © 2013 IEEE.

Ruppert, MG, Fairbairn, MW & Moheimani, SOR 1970, 'Multi-mode resonant control of a microcantilever for Atomic Force Microscopy', 2013 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, 2013 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM), IEEE.
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Rushton-Smith, D, To, AW, Paul, G & Liu, D 1970, 'An Accurate and Reliable Approach to Calibration of a Robot Manipulator-Mounted IR Range Camera for Field Applications', International Symposium on Robotics and Mechatronics, International Symposium on Robotics and Mechatronics, Research Publishing, Singapore, pp. 335-344.

Ryu, K, Furukawa, T, Antol, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Grid-Based Scan-to-Map Matching for Accurate Simultaneous Localization and Mapping: Theory and Preliminary Numerical Study', Volume 6B: 37th Mechanisms and Robotics Conference, ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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This paper presents a grid-based scan-to-map matching technique for accurate simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). At every acquisition of a new scan, the proposed technique estimates the relative position from which the previous scan was taken, and further corrects its estimation error by matching the new scan to the globally defined map. In order to achieve best scan-to-map matching at each acquisition, the map to match is represented as a grid map with multiple normal distributions (NDs) in each cell. Additionally, the new scan is also represented by NDs, developing a novel ND-to-ND matching technique. The ND-to-ND matching technique has significant potential in the enhancement of the global matching as well as the computational efficiency. Experimental results first show that the proposed technique successfully matches new scans to the map generating very small position and orientation errors, and then demonstrates the effectiveness of the multi-ND representation in comparison to the single-ND representation.

Sabbagh, AAL, Pupatwibul, P, Banjar, A & Braun, R 1970, 'Optimization of the OpenFlow Controller in Wireless Environments for Enhancing Mobility', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2013 38TH ANNUAL IEEE CONFERENCE ON LOCAL COMPUTER NETWORKS WORKSHOPS (LCN WORKSHOPS), IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 930-935.
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OpenRoads or OpenFlow Wireless is an open-source platform for deploying an innovative and realistic strategy for different services in wireless networks. It provides a wireless extension for OpenFlow. It is developed to support existing Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) networks. It can provide several mobility managers and run them concurrently in the network including hard handover, informed handover, n-casting and Hoolock. However, the provided mobility support for flow-based routing, where flows of one source taking different paths through multiple wireless access points or base stations, is not simple and hard to be deployed in the traditional routing algorithms. This paper proposes an intelligent mobility enhancement control and then develops an algorithm to decide which neighbor switches need to be selected for the installation of new flow entries and to allocate the appropriate idle-timeout for the selected switches. The proposed approach provides a simple solution to solve the user mobility problem in wireless OpenFlow environments which can handle the fast migration of user addresses (e.g. IP addresses) between several wireless access points and base stations. This approach leads to improvement in the end users' experience.

Saghir, A, Abbas, SM, Afzal, MU, Tauqeer, T & Tariq, MH 1970, 'Compact dual band microstrip antenna design using slits', 2013 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer, Control and Communication (IC4), 2013 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer, Control & Communication (IC4), IEEE.
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This Paper presents the design and implementation of a microstrip patch antenna working for concurrent devices. Those devices are particularly targeted in this work whose operating frequency is 2.7GHz and 4.5GHz. Slits on the structure are placed to lengthen the current path on the surface which results in size reduction. The designed patch has compact size (16×14×1.6 mm3) that makes it beneficial for the size constrained electronic devices. To enhance the gain of the antenna, single patch was extended in the form of an array using corporate feed. The gain thus, increased from -4.32dBi to 3.05dBi. Simulations of the presented antenna are carried out using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and it is fabricated on FR-4 substrate. Antenna is tested using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). © 2013 IEEE.

San, PP, Ling, SH, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Combinational Neural Logic System and Its Industrial Application on Hypoglycemia Monitoring System', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2013 IEEE 8TH CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS (ICIEA), IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 947-952.
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In this paper, a combinational neural logic network (NLN) with the neural-Logic-AND, -OR and -NOT gates is applied on the development of non-invasive hypoglycemia monitoring system. It is an alarm system which measured physiological parameters of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and determine the onset of hypoglycemia by use of proposed NLN. Due to different nature of application, conventional neural networks (NNs) with common structure may not always guarantee the optimal solution. Based on knowledge of application, the proposed NLN is designed systematically in order to incorporate the characteristics of application into the structure of proposed network. The parameter of the proposed NLN will be trained by hybrid particle swarm optimization with wavelet mutation (HPSOWM). The proposed NLN will be practically analyzed using real data sets collected from 15 children (569 data sets) with Type 1 diabetes at the Department of Health, Government of Western Australia. By using the proposed method, the detection performance is enhanced. Compared with other conventional NNs, the proposed NLN gives better performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity.

Sanders, K, Ahmadzadeh, M, Clear, T, Edwards, SH, Goldweber, M, Johnson, C, Lister, R, McCartney, R, Patitsas, E & Spacco, J 1970, 'The Canterbury QuestionBank', Proceedings of the ITiCSE working group reports conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education-working group reports, ITiCSE '13: Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education conference 2013, ACM, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom, pp. 33-51.
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Abstract: In this paper, we report on an ITiCSE-13 Working Group that developed a set of 654 multiple-choice questions on CS1 and CS2 topics, the Canterbury QuestionBank. We describe the questions, the metadata we investigated, and some preliminary investigations of possible research uses of the QuestionBank. The QuestionBank is publicly available as a repository for computing education instructors and researchers.

Sato, H, Manabe, K-I, Wei, D & Jiang, Z 1970, 'Analysis of Axisymmetric Cup Forming of Metal Foil and Micro Hydroforming Process', Volume 10: Micro- and Nano-Systems Engineering and Packaging, ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, San Diego, California, USA.
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A novel forming method “micro hydromechanical deep drawing (MHDD)” is focused to improve the tribological property and forming limit. In this study, a theoretical model for MHDD is developed to investigate the size effect on deformation behavior in micro hydromechanical deep drawing. The effects of fluid pressure, the difference of friction coefficients at inner pockets and outer pockets are considered in the investigation on the size effect of tribological property. The friction force decreases as the scale factor decreases in MHDD process. It is also found that the tribological property in micro scale can be improved by applying the fluid pressure. The forming limit decreases as the relative punch diameter increases. However, it is clarified that the forming limit can be improved by decreasing the friction force in MHDD.

Sato, H, Manabe, K-I, Wei, D & Jiang, Z 1970, 'Numerical modeling of size effect in micro hydromechanical deep drawing', AIP Conference Proceedings, NUMISHEET 2014: The 9th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Processes: Part A Benchmark Problems and Results and Part B General Papers, AIP, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 926-929.
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Savkin, AV, Wang, C, Baranzadeh, A, Xi, Z & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'A method for decentralized formation building for unicycle-like mobile robots', 2013 9th Asian Control Conference (ASCC), 2013 9th Asian Control Conference (ASCC), IEEE, Istanbul, Turkey.
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The paper presents a method for decentralized flocking and global formation building for a network of unicy-cles described by the standard kinematics equations with hard constraints on the vehicles linear and angular velocities. We propose decentralized motion coordination control algorithms for the robots so that they collectively move in a desired geometric pattern from any initial position. There are no predefined leaders in the group and only local information is required for the control. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms is illustrated via computer simulations. © 2013 IEEE.

Savkin, AV, Xi, Z & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'An algorithm of decentralized encircling coverage and termination of a moving deformable region by mobile robotic sensor/actuator networks', 2013 9th Asian Control Conference (ASCC), 2013 9th Asian Control Conference (ASCC), IEEE, Istanbul, Turkey.
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The paper introduces the problems of encircling coverage and termination of a moving a deformable planar region by a mobile sensor/actuator network. We propose a decentralized randomized algorithm for self-deployment of a network of mobile robotic sensors/actuators for these problems. In the encircling coverage problem, the aim is to deploy sensors around a bounded connected region so that any point of a certain neighbourhood of the region is sensed by at least one mobile robotic sensor. In the termination problem, the aim is to terminate a moving region that may represent an oil spill or a hazardous chemical field. In this case, the moving robots are equipped with not only sensors but with actuators releasing neutralizing chemical so that the shape of the polluted region is controlled. The proposed algorithm is based only on information about the closest neighbours of each sensor. The moving region is of an arbitrary shape and not known to the sensors a priori. We give mathematically rigorous proofs of asymptotic optimality and convergence with probability 1 of the proposed randomized algorithm. © 2013 IEEE.

Schwitter, B, Albahrani, SA, Parker, A, Dunleavy, L & Heimlich, M 1970, 'Study of self-heating in GaAs pHEMTs using pulsed I-V Analysis', 81st ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference, 2013 81st ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG), IEEE.
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Schwitter, BK, Parker, AE, Albahrani, SA, Fattorini, AP & Heimlich, MC 1970, 'GaAs MMIC pHEMT gate metal thermometry', 2013 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (MTT), 2013 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - MTT 2013, IEEE.
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Sehestedt, S, Paul, G, Rushton-Smith, D & Liu, D 1970, 'Prior-knowledge assisted fast 3D map building of structured environments for steel bridge maintenance', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), 2013 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2013), IEEE, Madison, WI, USA, pp. 1040-1046.
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Practical application of a robot in a structured, yet unknown environment, such as in bridge maintenance, requires the robot to quickly generate an accurate map of the surfaces in the environment. A consistent and complete map is fundamental to achieving reliable and robust operation. In a real-world and field application, sensor noise and insufficient exploration oftentimes result in an incomplete map. This paper presents a robust environment mapping approach using prior knowledge in combination with a single depth camera mounted on the end-effector of a robotic manipulator. The approach has been successfully implemented in an industrial setting for the purpose of steel bridge maintenance. A prototype robot, which includes the presented map building approach in its software package, has recently been delivered to industry. © 2013 IEEE.

Shang-Lin Wu, Chun-Wei Wu, Pal, NR, Chih-Yu Chen, Shi-An Chen & Chin-Teng Lin 1970, 'Common spatial pattern and linear discriminant analysis for motor imagery classification', 2013 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence, Cognitive Algorithms, Mind, and Brain (CCMB), 2013 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence, Cognitive Algorithms, Mind, and Brain (CCMB), IEEE, Singapore, pp. 146-151.
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A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system provides a convenient way of communication for healthy subjects and subjects who suffer from severe diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Motor imagery (MI) is one of the popular ways of designing BCI systems. The architecture of many BCI system is quite complex and they involve time consuming processing. The electroencephalography (EEG) signal is the most commonly used inputs for BCI applications but EEG is often contaminated with noise. To overcome such drawbacks, in this paper we use the common spatial pattern (CSP) for feature extraction from EEG and the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for motor imagery classification. In this study, CSP and LDA have been used to reduce the artifact and classify MI-based EEG signal. We have used two-level cross validation scheme to determine the subject specific best time window and number of CSP features. We have compared the performance of our system with BCI competition results. We have also experimented with MI data generated in our lab. The proposed system is found to produce good results. In particular, using our EEG data for MI movements, we have obtained an average classification accuracy of 80% for two subjects using only 9 channels, without any feature selection. This proposed MI-based BCI system may be used in real life applications. © 2013 IEEE.

Sharma, N, Chanda, S, Pal, U & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Word-Wise Script Identification from Video Frames', 2013 12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2013 12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), IEEE, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 867-871.
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Script identification is an essential step for the efficient use of the appropriate OCR in multilingual document images. There are various techniques available for script identification from printed and handwritten document images, but script identification from video frames has not been explored much. This paper presents a study of some pre-processing techniques and features for word-wise script identification from video frames. Traditional features, namely Zernike moments, Gabor and gradient, have performed well for handwritten and printed documents having simple backgrounds and adequate resolution for OCR. Video frames are mostly coloured and suffer from low resolution, blur, background noise, to mention a few. In this paper, an attempt has been made to explore whether the traditional script identification techniques can be useful in video frames. Three feature extraction techniques, namely Zernike moments, Gabor and gradient features, and SVM classifiers were considered for analyzing three popular scripts, namely English, Bengali and Hindi. Some pre-processing techniques such as super resolution and skeletonization of the original word images were used in order to overcome the inherent problems with video. Experiments show that the super resolution technique with gradient features has performed well, and an accuracy of 87.5% was achieved when testing on 896 words from three different scripts. The study also reveals that the use of proper pre-processing approaches can be helpful in applying traditional script identification techniques to video frames. © 2013 IEEE.

Sharma, N, Shivakumara, P, Pal, U, Blumenstein, M & Tan, CL 1970, 'A New Method for Character Segmentation from Multi-oriented Video Words', 2013 12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2013 12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), IEEE, USA, pp. 413-417.
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This paper presents a two-stage method for multi-oriented video character segmentation. Words segmented from video text lines are considered for character segmentation in the present work. Words can contain isolated or non-touching characters, as well as touching characters. Therefore, the character segmentation problem can be viewed as a two stage problem. In the first stage, text cluster is identified and isolated (non-touching) characters are segmented. The orientation of each word is computed and the segmentation paths are found in the direction perpendicular to the orientation. Candidate segmentation points computed using the top distance profile are used to find the segmentation path between the characters considering the background cluster. In the second stage, the segmentation results are verified and a check is performed to ascertain whether the word component contains touching characters or not. The average width of the components is used to find the touching character components. For segmentation of the touching characters, segmentation points are then found using average stroke width information, along with the top and bottom distance profiles. The proposed method was tested on a large dataset and was evaluated in terms of precision, recall and f-measure. A comparative study with existing methods reveals the superiority of the proposed method. © 2013 IEEE.

Shashikant, V, Shariff, ARM, Nordin, L & Pradhan, B 1970, 'Above ground biomass estimation of oil palm tree using PALSAR', 34th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing 2013, ACRS 2013, pp. 2870-2873.
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Quantification of Above Ground Biomass (AGB) across oil palm plantation is essential for wide range of modern-day research and management demands. Information on the spatial distribution of Oil Palm Plantation AGB is therefore important for the Oil Palm industry. In this study, the oil palm plantation in Perak, Malaysia was accessed to obtain the AGB information. The lack of information on biomass due to the uncertainties and cost has limited its availability over the years. This research investigates the determination of AGB of oil palm plantation. Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) sensor is an added advantage to overcome the cloud problem to analyze the biomass of the oil palm plantation, particularly in cloud covered tropical regions. Ground data of oil palm biomass which covers palms of ages 6,8,10 and 12 years old are compared to the estimation of AGB by PALSAR for all the polarizations. PALSAR images were applied various filters and compared among the four window sizes of 3×3, 5×5, 7×7,and 9×9. The filters used in this study are Gaussian low, Gaussian high, Laplacian and Median filter that was applied in VV polarized image. Speckle suppression index was applied to allow checking of filters' efficiency and thus selection of model building. The resulting model constructed from this study showed a R2 regression of 0.90 with the VV polarization between the field data results and filtered PALSAR data of biomass. Copyright © (2013) by the Asian Association on Remote Sensing.

Sheng, D & Zhou, A 1970, 'Unsaturated soil mechanics: Pitfalls in fundamental principles and engineering relevance', 5th China-Japan Geotechnical Symposium, pp. 30-48.
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The last two to three decades have seen significant advances in the mechanics of unsaturated soils. It is now widely recognized that the fundamental principles in soil mechanics should cover both saturated and unsaturated soils. Nevertheless, there is still a great deal of uncertainties amongst the geotechnical community about how well-established soil mechanics principles for saturated soils can be extended to unsaturated soils. There is sometimes even uncertainty about the necessity of such extension in engineering practice. This paper discusses some common pitfalls related to the fundamental principles that govern the volume change, shear strength and hydro-mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils. It also discusses the relevance of these principles in engineering practice, in attempt to answer some of the critical questions that are often raised in the geotechnical community.

Shimazaki, K, Yoshizawa, S, Hatakawa, Y, Matsumoto, T, Konishi, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'A VLSI design of an arrayed pipelined Tomlinson-Harashima precoder for MU-MIMO systems', 2013 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference, 2013 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA), IEEE.
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Shrestha, R, Baweja, D, Neupane, K, Chalmers, D & Sleep, P 1970, 'Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete: Applicability of Relationships Defined by AS 3600', Concrete 2013, Concrete Institute of Australia - Biennial Conference, Concrete Institute of Australia, Gold Coast, Queensland.
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Geopolymers are new inorganic polymer binders; synthesised from aluminosilicate powders such as fly ash and blast furnace slag with alkali activators and producing good binding properties similar to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). This new generation binding material has a potential application in structural and non-structural concretes, fire resistant composites and ceramics. Previous research around the world has suggested that geopolymer binders possess superior engineering, mechanical and durability properties over conventional Portland cement. The process of setting and hardening of geopolymer concrete is based on different chemistry called Polymerization instead of Hydration in OPC. The silicon and aluminium oxides in the source materials are activated by a combination of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate in presence of water to form a sodium aluminosilicate paste called Geopolymer which has binding properties similar to CSH in OPC. In this study, some engineering and mechanical properties of different grades of Geopolymer concrete were tested and evaluated according to relevant Australian Standards and compared against the same grade of OPC concrete. Australian Standard AS 3600 describesinterrelationships between different mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive strength and uniaxial tensile strength and compressive strength and flexural tensile strength. From this study, it is found that uniaxial tensile and flexural tensile strengths attained by the geopolymer concretes investigated were higher than those prescribed by AS 3600 for the given grade of concrete. Modulus of elasticity, however, was found to be similar to calculated values provided by AS 3600 for similar grades of concrete. This suggests that geopolymer concretes of the type investigated may be used in selected structures using design procedures currently available. Further verification work on this is currently under way.

Shu Wang, Zhenjiang Miao & Jian Zhang 1970, 'Simultaneously detect and segment pedestrian', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops (ICMEW), 2013 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops (ICMEW), IEEE, San Jose, USA, pp. 1-4.
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We present a framework to simultaneously detect and segment pedestrian in images. Our work is based on part-based method. We first segment the image into superpixels, then assemble superpixels into body part candidates by comparing the assembled shape with pre-built template library. A structure-based shape matching algorithm is developed to measure the shape similarity. All the body part candidates are input into our modified AND/OR graph to generate the most reasonable combination. The graph describes the possible variation of body configuration and model the constrain relationship between body parts. We perform comparison experiments on the public database and the results show the effectiveness of our framework.

Shui Yu, Wanlei Zhou, Song Guo & Minyi Guo 1970, 'A dynamical Deterministic Packet Marking scheme for DDoS traceback', 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2013), IEEE, Atlanta, GA, pp. 729-734.
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Shujau, M, Ritz, CH & Burnett, IS 1970, 'Speech dereverberation based on Linear Prediction: An Acoustic Vector Sensor approach', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 639-643.
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This paper introduces a dereverberation algorithm based on Linear Prediction (LP) applied to the outputs of an Acoustic Vector Sensor (AVS). The approach applies adaptive beamforming to take advantage of the directional outputs of the AVS array to obtain a more accurate LP spectrum than can be obtained with a single channel or Uniform Linear Array (ULA) with a comparable number of channels. This is then used within a modified version of the Spatiotemporal Averaging Method for Enhancement of Reverberant Speech (SMERSH) algorithm derived for the AVS to enhance the LP residual signal. In a highly reverberant environment, the approach demonstrates a significant improvement compared to a ULA as measured by both the Signal to Reverberant Ratio (SRR) and Speech to Reverberation Modulation Energy Ratio (SRMR) for sources ranging from at 1m to 5m from the array. © 2013 IEEE.

Siwakoti, YP & Town, GE 1970, 'Common-mode voltage reduction techniques of three-phase Quasi Z-Source Inverter for AC drives', 2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2013 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC 2013, IEEE, Long Beach, CA, pp. 2247-2252.
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Siwakoti, YP & Town, GE 1970, 'Design of FPGA-controlled power electronics and drives using MATLAB Simulink', 2013 IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder, 2013 IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder (ECCE Asia 2013), IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 571-577.
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We present a simple and rapid prototyping technique for Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGAs)-based digital controllers for power electronics and motor drives using MATLAB's Simulink and HDL Coder design software. The MATLAB/Simulink models are optimized and converted to target independent, specific and traceable Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) code for FPGA programming. An example implementation of the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique is presented, illustrating the design of a generic 3-phase voltage source inverter (VSI). Simulation and co-simulation, system level design, and verification for rapid prototyping of FPGA-based digital controllers will assist power electronics engineers and researchers to develop and prototypes in a relatively short time by eliminating tedious and time-consuming manual coding. This enables increased productivity and facilitates the development of power electronic controllers with more complex control algorithms. © 2013 IEEE.

Siwakoti, YP & Town, GE 1970, 'Performance of distributed DC power system using quasi Z-Source Inverter based DC/DC converters', 2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2013 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC 2013, IEEE, Long Beach, CA, USA, pp. 1946-1953.
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DC microgrids for power combining and distribution are of interest in many applications due to their high efficiency, relatively low cost of installation and operation, freedom from harmonic and reactive power and stability. The quasi Z-Source Inverter (q-ZSI) is a particularly promising circuit for DC Distributed Power System (DPS) because of its unique buck-boost characteristics, high power handling capability and inbuilt fault tolerance. The buck-boost capability reduces the number of power conversion stages required and provides ride-through capability during voltage sag and swells from the grid. However, the performance of q-ZSI in DC DPS under varying sources and load conditions has not previously been investigated. We present analysis and simulation of 400V DC DPS by placing q-ZSI converters in parallel under widely varying input and output conditions. An automatic master-slave control strategy was used to share the load current among parallel converters. The results verify the benefit of q-ZSI converters in DC DPS and show that DC DPS can have good transient and steady state response and is capable of maintaining stiff DC voltage at the common bus with minimal interaction. © 2013 IEEE.

Smith, S, Gill, AQ, Hasan, H & Ghobadi, S 1970, 'An Enterprise Architecture Driven Approach to Virtualisation.', PACIS, Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, AIS, Seogwipo City, Jeju-do, Korea, pp. 50-50.
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Organisations have shown a significant interest in the adoption of virtualisation technology for improving the efficiency of their Data Centres (DC) from both the resource performance and cost efficiency viewpoints. By improving the efficiency of data centres we can sustainably manage their impact on the environment by controlling their energy consumption. The intentions are clear but how best to approach to Data Centre virtualisation is not. This paper proposes an integrated Enterprise Architecture and Information Infrastructure (EAII) driven approach to guide the Data Centre virtualisation. The EAII approach has been developed based on the review and analysis of wellknown The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) and Information Infrastructure (II) model. The proposed integrated EAII approach seems appropriate to guide and align business strategy and virtualisation implementation for data centres of any size in any industry vertical.

Song, J, Yang, Y, Yang, Y, Huang, Z & Shen, HT 1970, 'Inter-media hashing for large-scale retrieval from heterogeneous data sources', Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, SIGMOD/PODS'13: International Conference on Management of Data, ACM, New York, New York, USA, pp. 785-796.
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In this paper, we present a new multimedia retrieval paradigm to innovate large-scale search of heterogenous multimedia data. It is able to return results of different media types from heterogeneous data sources, e.g., using a query image to retrieve relevant text documents or images from different data sources. This utilizes the widely available data from different sources and caters for the current users' demand of receiving a result list simultaneously containing multiple types of data to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the query's results. To enable large-scale inter-media retrieval, we propose a novel inter-media hashing (IMH) model to explore the correlations among multiple media types from different data sources and tackle the scalability issue. To this end, multimedia data from heterogeneous data sources are transformed into a common Hamming space, in which fast search can be easily implemented by XOR and bit-count operations. Furthermore, we integrate a linear regression model to learn hashing functions so that the hash codes for new data points can be efficiently generated. Experiments conducted on real-world large-scale multimedia datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method compared with state-of-the-art techniques. Copyright © 2013 ACM.

Song, Y, Cao, L, Yin, J & Wang, C 1970, 'Extracting discriminative features for identifying abnormal sequences in one-class mode', The 2013 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2013 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2013 - Dallas), IEEE, Dallas, TX, USA, pp. 1-8.
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This paper presents a novel framework for detecting abnormal sequences in an one-class setting (i.e., only normal data are available), which is applicable to various domains. Examples include intrusion detection, fault detection and speaker verification. Detecting abnormal sequences with only normal data presents several challenges for anomaly detection: the weak discrimination of normal and abnormal sequences; the unavailability of the abnormal data and other issues. Traditional model-based anomaly detection techniques can solve some of the above issues but with limited discrimination power (because of directly modeling the normal data). In order to enhance the discriminative power for anomaly detection, we turn to extracting discriminative features from the generative model based on the principle deducted from the corresponding theoretical analysis. Then a new anomaly detection framework is developed on top of that. The proposed approach firstly projects all the sequential data into a model-based equal length feature space (this is theoretically proven to have better discriminative power than the model itself), and then adopts a classifier learned from the transformed data to detect anomalies. Experimental evaluation on both the synthetic and real-world data shows that our proposed approach outperforms several anomaly detection baseline algorithms for sequential data. © 2013 IEEE.

Song, Y, Zhang, J, Cao, L & Sangeux, M 1970, 'On Discovering the Correlated Relationship between Static and Dynamic Data in Clinical Gait Analysis', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Joint European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 563-578.
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'Gait' is a person's manner of walking. Patients may have an abnormal gait due to a range of physical impairment or brain damage. Clinical gait analysis (CGA) is a technique for identifying the underlying impairments that affect a patient's gait pattern. The CGA is critical for treatment planning. Essentially, CGA tries to use patients' physical examination results, known as static data, to interpret the dynamic characteristics in an abnormal gait, known as dynamic data. This process is carried out by gait analysis experts, mainly based on their experience which may lead to subjective diagnoses. To facilitate the automation of this process and form a relatively objective diagnosis, this paper proposes a new probabilistic correlated static-dynamic model (CSDM) to discover correlated relationships between the dynamic characteristics of gait and their root cause in the static data space. We propose an EM-based algorithm to learn the parameters of the CSDM. One of the main advantages of the CSDM is its ability to provide intuitive knowledge. For example, the CSDM can describe what kinds of static data will lead to what kinds of hidden gait patterns in the form of a decision tree, which helps us to infer dynamic characteristics based on static data. Our initial experiments indicate that the CSDM is promising for discovering the correlated relationship between physical examination (static) and gait (dynamic) data. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Soohwan Kim & Jonghyuk Kim 1970, 'Continuous occupancy maps using overlapping local Gaussian processes', 2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2013), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 4709-4714.
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Sriyanyong, P & Lu, H 1970, 'Implementation and comparison of PSO-based algorithms for multi-modal optimization problems', AIP Conference Proceedings, 2013 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL MODELS FOR LIFE SCIENCES, AIP, Sydney, Australia, pp. 165-174.
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This paper aims to compare the global search capability and overall performance of a number of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based algorithms in the context solving the Dynamic Economic Dispatch (DED) problem which takes into account the operation limitations of generation units such as valve-point loading effect as well as ramp rate limits. The comparative study uses six PSO-based algorithms including the basic PSO and hybrid PSO algorithms using a popular benchmark test IEEE power system which is 10-unit 24-hour system with non-smooth cost functions. The experimental results show that one of the hybrid algorithms that combines the PSO with both inertia weight and constriction factor, and the Gaussian mutation operator (CBPSO-GM) is promising in achieving the near global optimal of a non-linear multi-modal optimization problem, such as the DED problem under the consideration

Su, SW, Savkin, A, Celler, BG & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'A new unconditional stability criterion and its application on decentralized integral controllability analysis', Chinese Control Conference, CCC, Chinese Control Conference, IEEE, Xi'an, China, pp. 119-122.
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Decentralized integral control, such as multi-loop PI/PID control, is one of the most popular control strategies used in practice. An important issue associated with this strategy is the analysis of Decentralized Integral Controllability (DIC). Campo and Morari showed that for a process, if its steady state gain matrix is not critically D-stable, its DIC can be determined by using its steady state gain matrix only. This paper investigates decentralized integral control with a special focus on the DIC analysis of processes whose steady state gain matrices are critically D-stable. Firstly, this paper proposes a new unconditional stability criterion by using singular perturbation theory and eigenvalue sensitivity analysis, and shows that DIC analysis of such processes can be simplified by using unconditional stability analysis. Then, we presented a multi-loop PI control design method, which gives an explicit low bound of the proportional coefficient to achieve decentralized unconditional stability for 3 × 3 processes. © 2013 TCCT, CAA.

Sungsik Huh, Shim, DH & Jonghyuk Kim 1970, 'Integrated navigation system using camera and gimbaled laser scanner for indoor and outdoor autonomous flight of UAVs', 2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2013), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 3158-3163.
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Sweetser, P, Wyeth, P, McMahon, N & Johnson, D 1970, 'Female game developers wanted Low pay, long hours, inflexible work environments', 2013 IEEE International Games Innovation Conference (IGIC), 2013 IEEE International Games Innovation Conference (IGIC), IEEE.
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Tabatabaiefar, HR, Fatahi, B & Samali, B 1970, 'Inelastic lateral seismic response of building frames under influence of bedrock depth variations incorporating soil-structure interaction', From Materials to Structures: Advancement Through Innovation - Proceedings of the 22nd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, ACMSM 2012, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC press/Balkema, Sydney, Australia, pp. 587-592.
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In this study, a fifteen storey moment resisting building frame is selected in conjunction with a soft clayey soil, representing soil class Ee, according to Australian Standards. Different bedrock depths including 10 m, 20 m, and 30m are employed in the numerical modelling using finite difference software FLAC 2D. The above mentioned frame has been analysed under two different boundary conditions: (i) fixed-base (no soilstructure interaction), and (ii) flexible-base (considering soil-structure interaction). Inelastic dynamic analyses under influence of different earthquake records for three mentioned bedrock depths are conducted, and the results in terms of inelastic lateral deflections and inter-storey drifts for the above mentioned boundary conditions are compared and discussed. The results indicate that the bedrock depth variations play a significant role in inelastic lateral seismic response of the building frame under the influence of soil-structure interaction. As the bedrock depth increases, lateral deflections and inter-storey drifts of the structures increase. The mentioned effects can change the performance level of the structures from life safe to near collapse or total collapse. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group.

Tafavogh, S, Navarro, KF, Catchpoole, DR & Kennedy, PJ 1970, 'Segmenting Neuroblastoma Tumor Images and Splitting Overlapping Cells Using Shortest Paths between Cell Contour Convex Regions.', AIME, Artificial Intelligence in Medicine in Europe, Springer, Murcia, Spain, pp. 171-175.
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Neuroblastoma is one of the most fatal paediatric cancers. One of the major prognostic factors for neuroblastoma tumour is the total number of neuroblastic cells. In this paper, we develop a fully automated system for counting the total number of neuroblastic cells within the images derived from Hematoxylin and Eosin stained histological slides by considering the overlapping cells. We finally propose a novel multi-stage cell counting algorithm, in which cellular regions are extracted using an adaptive thresholding technique. Overlapping and single cells are discriminated using morphological differences. We propose a novel cell splitting algorithm to split overlapping cells into single cells using the shortest path between contours of convex regions. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Taib, R, Yu, K, Jung, J, Hess, A & Maier, A 1970, 'Human-centric analysis of driver inattention', 2013 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 2013 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), IEEE, pp. 7-12.
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Driver distraction is an important risk factor for road traffic injuries, and has been the focus of a number of empirical studies aiming to raise awareness about the risks of distracted driving and to promote countermeasures. While some of the recorded road incidents in these studies have their roots in distracting events (such as mobile phone usage) a large proportion of recorded road incidents can be attributed to more elusive driver inattention factors not linked to specific trigger events. These distraction categories are especially challenging and currently not in focus of current research as they are difficult to detect and address by suitable prognostic measures, in order to improve road safety. To contribute to this issue, this paper presents research into monitoring drivers' mental states in real-time, using objective measurements. We propose an iterative research methodology where specific mental states are elicited, user response captured experimentally, and interaction models built using advanced machine learning techniques. Behavioral measures such as speech, eye activity or posture, and physiological measures such as galvanic skin response or heart rate provide input features for the models. This driver-centric approach addresses the complex issue of driver inattention, and can help improve road safety through active monitoring of road users, customized decision support in the vehicle, and objective training feedback. Low-fidelity simulators we have built allowed us to roll out some preliminary tasks prompting encouraging feedback from subjects during informal testing. © 2013 IEEE.

Taib, R, Yu, K, Jung, J, Hess, A & Maier, A 1970, 'Human-centric analysis of driver inattention', 2013 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Workshops (IV Workshops), 2013 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Workshops (IV Workshops), IEEE, pp. 7-12.
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Driver distraction is an important risk factor for road traffic injuries, and has been the focus of a number of empirical studies aiming to raise awareness about the risks of distracted driving and to promote countermeasures. While some of the recorded road incidents in these studies have their roots in distracting events (such as mobile phone usage) a large proportion of recorded road incidents can be attributed to more elusive driver inattention factors not linked to specific trigger events. These distraction categories are especially challenging and currently not in focus of current research as they are difficult to detect and address by suitable prognostic measures, in order to improve road safety. To contribute to this issue, this paper presents research into monitoring drivers' mental states in real-time, using objective measurements. We propose an iterative research methodology where specific mental states are elicited, user response captured experimentally, and interaction models built using advanced machine learning techniques. Behavioral measures such as speech, eye activity or posture, and physiological measures such as galvanic skin response or heart rate provide input features for the models. This driver-centric approach addresses the complex issue of driver inattention, and can help improve road safety through active monitoring of road users, customized decision support in the vehicle, and objective training feedback. Low-fidelity simulators we have built allowed us to roll out some preliminary tasks prompting encouraging feedback from subjects during informal testing. © 2013 IEEE.

Tam, HHM, Enlong Che & Tuan, HD 1970, 'Optimized linear precoder in MIMO interference channel using D.C. programming', 2013, 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), 2013 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), IEEE, Australia, pp. 1-5.
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In this paper, we are concerned with optimized linear precoding strategies for multiple-input multiple-output interference channels (MIMO-IFC). Under practical transmission power constraints, we aim at maximizing the sum-informationrate. To date, most developments could not directly address this problem. Instead, intermediate problems of simplification have been considered by means of alternating optimization, which fails to jointly optimize all the concerned variables. In this paper, we directly solve this problem by exploring its hidden d.c. (d ¯ ifference of c ¯ onvex functions) structure. The recast problem can be iteratively solved by d.c. iterations (DCIs), which guarantees the convergence to at least a local optimum. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed solutions offer improved performance.

Tamura, S, Zhang, B, Wang, Y, Chen, F & Nguyen, K 1970, 'Supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches for bridge damage prediction', Structural Health Monitoring 2013: A Roadmap to Intelligent Structures - Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, IWSHM 2013, 9th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM), DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC, Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA, pp. 182-189.
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Structural health monitoring (SHM) starts to gain increasing attentions in the recent decade with the enormous support received from information and communication technology (ICT) which provides not only efficient data acquisition and transmission instruments, but also data analysis techniques for system modeling. In this work, we present a novel approach for bridge health assessment and damage localization based on vibration monitoring. Specifically, we consider one of the largest bridges in Sydney as a study case. We aim to distinguish damaged and undamaged joints in the bridge via supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods. Health conditions of bridge joints are reflected by their vibrations caused by vehicle passing events. The proposed machine learning methods train classifiers on historical vibration data for the purpose of distinguishing vibrations from healthy and unhealthy joints. Vibration events are recorded by 18 tri-axial accelerometers, 3 per joint with a total of 6 joints. Attempts have been made to normalize input data by selecting events with the dominant occurrence order of vibration peaks. Both time domain and frequency domain features have been used for training and testing. 10-fold cross validation is used for evaluation. For supervised method, 99.71[%] and 99.30[%] detection accuracies are achieved for time and frequency domain features respectively. Peak selection boosts the detection accuracy from 69[%] to 84[%] for the unsupervised method.

Tao, M, Wu, C & Li, X 1970, 'Numerical simulation of multiple fracture zones in underground dynamic loading processes', Rock Dynamics and Applications - State of the Art: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Rock Dynamics and Applications, RocDyn-1 2013, International Conference on Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn), CRC Press, Lausanne, Switzerland, pp. 451-456.
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The excavation fracture responses around cavities in rock mass with initial stress were examined using three dimensional numerical modelling. In addition to the primary fractured zone in near field, numerical modelling generated the second fractured zone in far field, and an elastic non-fractured zone between the two fractured zones, i.e., the fractured zones and the non-fractured zone occur alternately around deep cavity. This finding proved that the zonal disintegration phenomenon can occur in underground excavation process. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group.

Tao, Y & Yu, S 1970, 'DDoS Attack Detection at Local Area Networks Using Information Theoretical Metrics', 2013 12th IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, 2013 12th IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), IEEE, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 233-240.
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Teague, D, Comey, M, Ahadi, A & Lister, R 1970, 'A qualitative think aloud study of the early Neo-Piagetian stages of reasoning in novice programmers', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society Inc, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 87-95.
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Recent research indicates that some of the difficulties faced by novice programmers are manifested very early in their learning. In this paper, we present data from think aloud studies that demonstrate the nature of those difficulties. In the think alouds, novices were required to complete short programming tasks which involved either hand executing ('tracing') a short piece of code, or writing a single sentence describing the purpose of the code. We interpret our think aloud data within a neo-Piagetian framework, demonstrating that some novices reason at the sensorimotor and preoperational stages, not at the higher concrete operational stage at which most instruction is implicitly targeted.

Thalakotuna, DNP, Karmokar, DK, Esselle, KP, Heimlich, M & Matekovits, L 1970, 'Modelling PIN diode switches in reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna design', 2013 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, Orlando, FL, USA, pp. 1064-1065.
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The effect of PIN diodes on the performance of a reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is studied. The PIN diode is modelled in three different ways. It is shown that the non-ideal behaviour of the PIN diodes changes the predicted return loss and radiation characteristics of the antenna compared to ideal switches. © 2013 IEEE.

Thizy, C, Eliot, F, Ballhause, D, Olympio, KR, Kluge, R, Shannon, A, Laduree, G, Logut, D & Georges, MP 1970, 'Holographic Interferometry based on photorefractive crystal to measure 3D thermo-elastic distortion of composite structures and comparison with finite element models', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE Optical Metrology 2013, SPIE, Munich, Germany.
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Thermo-elastic distortions of composite structures have been measured by a holographic camera using a BSO photorefractive crystal as the recording medium. The first test campaign (Phase 1) was performed on CFRP struts with titanium end-fittings glued to the tips of the strut. The samples were placed in a vacuum chamber. The holographic camera was located outside the chamber and configured with two illuminations to measure the relative out-of-plane and in-plane (in one direction) displacements. The second test campaign (Phase 2) was performed on a structure composed of a large Silicon Carbide base plate supported by 3 GFRP struts with glued Titanium end-fittings. Thermo-elastic distortions have been measured with the same holographic camera used in phase 1, but four illuminations, instead of two, have been used to provide the three components of displacement. This technique was specially developed and validated during the phase 2 in CSL laboratory. The system has been designed to measure an object size of typically 250x250 mm2; the measurement range is such that the sum of the largest relative displacements in the three measurement directions is maximum 20 μm. The validation of the four-illuminations technique led to measurement uncertainties of 120 nm for the relative in-plane and out-of-plane displacements, 230 nm for the absolute in-plane displacement and 400 nm for the absolute out-of-plane displacement. For both campaigns, the test results have been compared to the predictions obtained by finite element analyses and the correlation of these results was good. © 2013 SPIE.

Thomas, D, Ding, GK & Crews, KI 1970, 'Medium-rise structural timber apartment: Luxury or long-term carbon storage solution?', Proceedings of the Sustainable Buildings - Construction Products & Technologies, Sustainable Buildings - Construction Products & Tecnologies, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria, pp. 647-654.
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The Australian construction sector contributes almost a quarter of the nations carbon emissions and the main strategy to address this has been to reduce the operating energy of existing buildings and by regulating energy consumption of new buildings. However there has been less focus on minimizing the embodied energy of new construction projects. Engineered timber products have been used in a number of large building projects to replace heavier materials as a structural alternative whilst providing benefits such as aesthetics and the capacity to store carbon. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) has found a market in apartment buildings in Europe with a growing number of projects using the product for both structural floors and walls up to 9 storeys high. Australia's first major CLT building stands 10 storeys high and is currently being marketed as a sustainable city apartment alternative to reinforced to reinforced concrete. This paper looks at the perception of consumers towards this new construction innovation in an attempt to understand whether Australian residents will accept sustainable timber use in apartment living.

Thommandram, A, Eklund, JM & McGregor, C 1970, 'Detection of apnoea from respiratory time series data using clinically recognizable features and kNN classification', 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, Osaka, JAPAN, pp. 5013-5016.
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Thommandram, A, Pugh, JE, Eklund, JM, McGregor, C & James, AG 1970, 'Classifying neonatal spells using real-time temporal analysis of physiological data streams: Algorithm development', 2013 IEEE Point-of-Care Healthcare Technologies (PHT), 2013 IEEE Point-of-Care Healthcare Technologies (PHT), IEEE, Bangalore, INDIA, pp. 240-243.
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Tomamichel, M & Tan, VYF 1970, '&#x03B5;-Capacity and strong converse for channels with general state', 2013 IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW), 2013 IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW 2013), IEEE, Seville, Spain.
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We consider state-dependent memoryless channels with general state available at both encoder and decoder. We establish the ε-capacity and the optimistic ε-capacity. This allows us to prove a necessary and sufficient condition for the strong converse to hold. We also provide a simpler sufficient condition on the first- and second-order statistics of the state process that ensures that the strong converse holds.

Tomamichel, M & Tan, VYF 1970, 'A tight upper bound for the third-order asymptotics of discrete memoryless channels', 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), IEEE, pp. 1536-1540.
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This paper shows that the logarithm of the ε-error capacity (average error probability) for n uses of a discrete memoryless channel with positive conditional information variance at every capacity-achieving input distribution is upper bounded by the normal approximation plus a term that does not exceed 1/2 log n + O(1). © 2013 IEEE.

Tomamichel, M, Fehr, S, Kaniewski, J & Wehner, S 1970, 'One-Sided Device-Independent QKD and Position-Based Cryptography from Monogamy Games', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptographic Techniques, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Athens, Greece, pp. 609-625.
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A serious concern with quantum key distribution (QKD) schemes is that, when under attack, the quantum devices in a real-life implementation may behave differently than modeled in the security proof. This can lead to real-life attacks against provably secure QKD schemes. In this work, we show that the standard BB84 QKD scheme is one-sided device-independent. This means that security holds even if Bob's quantum device is arbitrarily malicious, as long as Alice's device behaves as it should. Thus, we can completely remove the trust into Bob's quantum device for free, without the need for changing the scheme, and without the need for hard-to-implement loophole-free violations of Bell inequality, as is required for fully (meaning two-sided) device-independent QKD. For our analysis, we introduce a new quantum game, called a monogamy-of-entanglement game, and we show a strong parallel repetition theorem for this game. This new notion is likely to be of independent interest and to find additional applications. Indeed, besides the application to QKD, we also show a direct application to position-based quantum cryptography: we give the first security proof for a one-round position-verification scheme that requires only single-qubit operations. © 2013 International Association for Cryptologic Research.

Tran, T & Ha, QP 1970, 'Plug-and-play predictive control of modular nonlinear systems with coupling delays', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), 2013 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2013), IEEE, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 699-704.
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This paper presents a decentralized model predictive control strategy for nonlinear network systems having multiple coupling delay elements. Linear interconnections, whose topologies are defined by an unweighted Laplacian matrix, and persistent input disturbances are considered in this development. On the ground of the incrementally accumulative quadratic constraint presented previously, the time-domain robust stabilizability conditions for nonlinear interconnected systems are developed in this work. To deal with multiple coupling delays, the accumulative dissipativity criteria for subsystems are derived for use with the accumulatively asymptotic dissipativity constraint (aADC) in the stabilizability conditions. aADC is an asymptotic constraint on the accumulation of supply rates over the window of delay time interval. A compound output in the supply rate is deployed such that the dissipativity criterion can be rendered in linear matrix inequalities. A convex stability constraint for the local optimization of the model predictive control in a fully decentralized architecture is then derived for implementations. Numerical simulation for a petrochemical process is provided to illustrate the theoretical developments. © 2013 IEEE.

Tran, T & Ha, QP 1970, 'Self-recovery control for dependable systems', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), 2013 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2013), IEEE, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 45-50.
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The task of managing duty-standby controllers in building a dependable computerised-control system with wireless sensor networks is challenging owing to the scarcity of both information and processing resources. A novel synchronization method for redundant controllers applying techniques from dissipative systems theory is presented in this paper. As an alternative to the control summation in classical reliable control systems, only one scalar variable, which is the calculated supply rate, is exchanged among the member controllers. Thanks to this one-variable and autonomous-based approach, the reliability requirement will be met under the temporal constraint of real-time controllers whilst overcoming the latency issue and low data-package rates in wireless networks. A dissipation-based quadratic constraint with respect to the control and output increments is developed for these redundant controllers. When a failure is detected, the constraint of the standby controller will be activated from the lower bound of the supply rate being transferred from the duty controller. During the transition time, this constraint is imposed on the output increment such that the transition between the duty and standby controllers will be smooth for the output vector. © 2013 IEEE.

Truong, BCQ, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Near-infrared parameters extraction: A potential method to detect skin cancer', 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, Osaka, Japan, pp. 33-36.
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The wavelength-dependent absorption coefficients can be used to analyse optical properties of human skin. Existing absorption models for narrow ranges in the visible and near infrared are insufficient to simultaneously incorporate the spectral contrast produced by differences in chromophores, water and lipid content of skin tissue into skin cancer detection. In the broad range up to 1600 nm, recent analysis approaches for absorption spectra do not consistently provide significant differences between healthy and cancerous skins. We propose an absorption model to fit the absorption coefficient spectra of skin samples over the range from 400 nm to 1600 nm and an advanced algorithm to find the optimal estimation. The extracted parameters of this model are analysed by a statistical t-test. The test results demonstrate the significant differences between all pairs of tumour-normal skin. Therefore, our approach has strong potential for early skin cancer detection using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).

Udeshi, A, Halkon, B & Coupland, J 1970, 'An Alternative Technique for Investigating Fluid flow Around the Hand During Front Crawl', Procedia Engineering, 6th Asia-Pacific Congress on Sports Technology (APCST), Elsevier BV, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 176-181.
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This paper presents the novel application of a technique for measuring flow around the hand during a simulated swim stroke with a view to enable a better understanding of propulsion generation in swimming. The technique relies on the instantaneous, non-intrusive, volumetric measurement of 3D velocity fields using a commercially available optical measurement system. A hand and forearm model was towed through a water tank to replicate the pull phase with fluid flow data being captured at regular intervals in a fixed volume through which the model moved. The measurement system included a single body, three-sensor probe for capturing pairs of images which were then processed to determine particle velocities and to characterise the flow. The results were used to investigate changes in mean velocity for six experimental cases based on three different angles of attack and two towing speeds. The results showed that the V3V system could be used to capture velocity data around the hand and for a 45° increase in angle of attack, the velocity magnitude of the flow reduced by half, indicating the presence of lift forces. © 2013 The Authors.

ul Huque, MTI, Munasinghe, KS, Abolhasan, M & Jamalipour, A 1970, 'EAR-BAN: Energy efficient adaptive routing in Wireless Body Area Networks', 2013, 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), 2013 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 1-10.
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Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN), a neoteric intelligent monitoring system, is envisaged to unleash a wave of personalized, advanced and integrated applications in the field of medical, fitness, sports, entertainment, military and consumer electronics. In WBAN, network longevity is a major challenge due to the limitation in the availability of energy supply and routing protocol plays a key role towards making such networks energy efficient. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient cluster based routing protocol for WBANs, named as energy efficient adaptive routing in wireless body area network (EAR-BAN). Although EAR-BAN is a cluster based routing protocol, it also combines the benefits of direct and multi hop transmission methods, depending on the energy level and spatial information of body nodes, to formalize an energy efficient, adaptive and opportunistic routing. Moreover, its centralized operation reduces the computational burden of body nodes.

ul Huque, MTI, Munasinghe, KS, Abolhasan, M & Jamalipour, A 1970, 'SEA-BAN: Semi-autonomous adaptive routing in wireless body area networks', 2013, 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), 2013 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), IEEE, Australia, pp. 1-7.
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Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN), an intelligent health monitoring system, is introduced advanced and integrated applications in the field of medical, fitness, sports, entertainment, military and consumer electronics. In WBAN, due to the limitation in the availability of energy supply, network longevity is a major challenge. Since 80% of total energy is consumed only because of communication purpose in WBAN, routing protocols play a key role towards making such networks energy efficient. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient cluster-based routing protocol for WBANs, named as semiautonomous adaptive routing in wireless body area network (SEA-BAN). SEA-BAN distributes the energy dissipation evenly among the body nodes and enhances the network lifetime. It is not simply a cluster-based routing protocol; it also combines the benefits of direct transmission and multi-hop transmission methods, depending on the energy level and spatial information of the body nodes, to formalize an adaptive routing. Moreover, its centralized operation reduces the computational burden of body nodes. The comparative analysis of our simulation results show that SEA-BAN enhances the network lifetime by more than 2 times when compared to the multi-hop transmission model and about 8.5 times than the direct transmission model.

Van Hoang, T, Truong, NLT, Trang, H & Tran, X-T 1970, 'Design and Implementation of a SoPC System for Speech Recognition', Springer Netherlands, pp. 1197-1203.
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Van Nguyen, L, Kodagoda, S, Ranasinghe, R & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Locational optimization based sensor placement for monitoring Gaussian processes modeled spatial phenomena', 2013 IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), 2013 IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA 2013), IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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This paper addresses the sensor placement problem associated with monitoring spatial phenomena, where mobile sensors are located on the optimal sampling paths yielding a lower prediction error. It is proposed that the spatial phenomenon to be monitored is modeled using a Gaussian Process and a variance based density function is employed to develop an expected-value function. A locational optimization based effective algorithm is employed to solve the resulting minimization of the expectedvalue function. We designed a mutual information based strategy to select the most informative subset of measurements effectively with low computational time. Our experimental results on realworld datasets have verified the superiority of the proposed approach.

Velani, N, Harland, AR & Halkon, BJ 1970, 'The development of a test methodology for the determination of cricket batting helmet performance when subjected to ballistic impacts', 2013 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, pp. 424-430.
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The study presented in this paper was conducted in support of the development of a proposed revision to a cricket helmet certification test standard. Helmets were impacted between the peak and faceguard by 'projecting' balls at them at velocities up to 80 mph. The velocity at which the balls penetrated between the peak and the faceguard (or grille) for the various permissible peak-grille gap settings for each helmet was recorded. The study progressed to compare these penetration velocities against the equivalent found when 'game-aligned' alternate (drop) test methodologies were used. The results demonstrate that the penetration velocities are considerably lower than those that might be observed in play. As peak-grille gap settings were reduced, penetration velocities increased as expected but, significantly, balls were able to penetrate despite gap settings, on occasion being considerably smaller than the ball diameter. The penetration velocity was also found, as expected, to vary with the stiffness of the ball with increased ball stiffness leading to reduced penetration velocities. When comparing penetration velocities against those found using the alternate methodologies, significant differences were found, suggesting that such methodologies cannot be used to reliably evaluate the performance of helmets to ball impacts occurring in this particular region.

Vermeulen, J, Luyten, K, van den Hoven, E & Coninx, K 1970, 'Crossing the bridge over Norman's Gulf of Execution', Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '13: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, Paris, France, pp. 1931-1940.
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Feedback and affordances are two of the most well-known principles in interaction design. Unfortunately, the related and equally important notion of feedforward has not been given as much consideration. Nevertheless, feedforward is a powerful design principle for bridging Norman's Gulf of Execution. We reframe feedforward by disambiguating it from related design principles such as feedback and perceived affordances, and identify new classes of feedforward. In addition, we present a reference framework that provides a means for designers to explore and recognize different opportunities for feedforward. Copyright © 2013 ACM.

Waldron, KJ, Tokhi, MO & Virk, GS 1970, 'Preface', Nature-Inspired Mobile Robotics: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines, CLAWAR 2013.

Wan, L, Chen, L & Zhang, C 1970, 'Mining Dependent Frequent Serial Episodes from Uncertain Sequence Data', 2013 IEEE 13th International Conference on Data Mining, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM), IEEE, Dallas, TX, USA, pp. 1211-1216.
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In this paper, we focus on the problem of mining Probabilistic Dependent Frequent Serial Episodes (P-DFSEs) from uncertain sequence data. By observing that the frequentness probability of an episode in an uncertain sequence is a Markov Chain imbeddable variable, we first propose an Embeded Markov Chain-based algorithm that efficiently computes the frequentness probability of an episode by projecting the probability space into a set of limited partitions. To further improve the computation efficiency, we devise an optimized approach that prunes candidate episodes early by estimating the upper bound of their frequentness probabilities. © 2013 IEEE.

Wan, L, Chen, L & Zhang, C 1970, 'Mining frequent serial episodes over uncertain sequence data', Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Extending Database Technology, EDBT/ICDT '13: Joint 2013 EDBT/ICDT Conferences, ACM, Genoa, Italy, pp. 215-226.
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Data uncertainty has posed many unique challenges to nearly all types of data mining tasks, creating a need for uncertain data mining. In this paper, we focus on the particular task of mining probabilistic frequent serial episodes (P-FSEs) from uncertain sequence data, which applies to many real applications including sensor readings as well as customer purchase sequences. We first define the notion of P-FSEs, based on the frequentness probabilities of serial episodes under possible world semantics. To discover P-FSEs over an uncertain sequence, we propose: 1) an exact approach that computes the accurate frequentness probabilities of episodes; 2) an approximate approach that approximates the frequency of episodes using probability models; 3) an optimized approach that efficiently prunes a candidate episode by estimating an upper bound of its frequentness probability using approximation techniques. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the performance of the developed data mining algorithms. Our experimental results show that: 1) while existing research demonstrates that approximate approaches are orders of magnitudes faster than exact approaches, for P-FSE mining, the efficiency improvement of the approximate approach over the exact approach is marginal; 2) although it has been recognized that the normal distribution based approximation approach is fairly accurate when the data set is large enough, for P-FSE mining, the binomial distribution based approximation achieves higher accuracy when the the number of episode occurrences is limited; 3) the optimized approach clearly outperforms the other two approaches in terms of the runtime, and achieves very high accuracy. © 2013 ACM.

Wang, C, Matveev, AS, Savkin, AV, Clout, R & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'A real-time obstacle avoidance strategy for safe autonomous navigation of intelligent hospital beds in dynamic uncertain environments', Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ARAA, Sydney, Australia.
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We present a reactive navigation algorithm for safe operation of hospital beds in dynamic environments. The proposed navigation is implementation efficient in the sense that it does not require any measurements from the velocities, shapes, dimensions or orientations of the obstacles. Furthermore, it is applicable for a variety of real world scenario where the natures and the motions of the obstacles are not known, and the shapes of the obstacles may be time-varying and deforming. The only information available for computation of control signals is the minimum distance from the hospital bed to the closest obstacle. The mathematically rigorous analysis of the proposed navigation algorithm is presented and its performance is demonstrated by the computer simulations and real world experiments with a hospital bed control system (Flexbed).

Wang, C, Matveev, AS, Savkin, AV, Nguyen, TN & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'A collision avoidance strategy for safe autonomous navigation of an intelligent electric-powered wheelchair in dynamic uncertain environments with moving obstacles', 2013 European Control Conference (ECC), 2013 European Control Conference (ECC), IEEE, Zurich Switzerland, pp. 4382-4387.
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We present a reactive navigation algorithm that guarantees the safety of automated intelligent wheelchairs for people with mobility impairments in dynamic uncertain environments. The proposed navigation algorithm restricts neither the natures nor the motions of the obstacles, the shapes of the obstacles can be time-varying (deforming obstacles). Furthermore, the proposed navigation algorithm does not require prior information about the positions and velocities of the obstacles to accomplish obstacle avoidance. Simulation and experimental results show that intelligent electric-powered wheelchairs are able to successfully avoid collisions with moving obstacles such as pedestrians or vehicles under the guidance of the proposed algorithm and reach the target. © 2013 EUCA.

Wang, C, She, Z & Cao, L 1970, 'Coupled attribute analysis on numerical data', IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI/AAAI, Beijing, China, pp. 1736-1742.
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The usual representation of quantitative data is to formalize it as an information table, which assumes the independence of attributes. In real-world data, attributes are more or less interacted and coupled via explicit or implicit relationships. Limited research has been conducted on analyzing such attribute interactions, which only describe a local picture of attribute couplings in an implicit way. This paper proposes a framework of the coupled attribute analysis to capture the global dependency of continuous attributes. Such global couplings integrate the intra-coupled interaction within an attribute (i.e. The correlations between attributes and their own powers) and inter-coupled interaction among different attributes (i.e. The correlations between attributes and the powers of others) to form a coupled representation for numerical objects by the Taylor-like expansion. This work makes one step forward towards explicitly addressing the global interactions of continuous attributes, verified by the applications in data structure analysis, data clustering, and data classification. Substantial experiments on 13 UCI data sets demonstrate that the coupled representation can effectively capture the global couplings of attributes and outperforms the traditional way, supported by statistical analysis.

Wang, H, Cui, Q, Tao, X, Valkama, M & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Optimal cooperative water-filling power allocation for OFDM system', 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 3742-3747.
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It is well known that traditional water-filling provides a closed form solution for capacity maximization in orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) system. In this paper, cooperative power allocation is investigated in a two-transmitter multi-receiver model for OFDM systems. The local full channel state information (CSI) is available at the two transmitters respectively, where each transmitter has an individual power constrain. The transmitters first cooperate by sharing CSI, and then jointly optimize power allocation in the metric of sum throughput, which can be modeled as a convex optimization problem. Through an application of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions, the convex optimization problem is reformulated as a simplified convex one. Then the closed form solution is derived, which takes a form similar to classic water-filling principle. Based on the solution, the optimal cooperative power allocation algorithm is constructed, the structure of which can be explained as a cooperative water-filling relative to the traditional water-filling. Finally, numerical simulation is given to evaluate and demonstrate the performance of the optimal cooperative water-filling scheme. © 2013 IEEE.

Wang, H, Hu, G, Huang, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'On the Structure of Nonlinearities in Pose Graph SLAM', Robotics: Science and Systems, The MIT Press, pp. 425-432.
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Pose graphs have become an attractive representation for solving Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) problems. In this paper, we analyze the structure of the nonlinearities in the 2D SLAM problem formulated as the optimizing of a pose graph. First, we prove that finding the optimal configuration of a very basic pose graph with 3 nodes (poses) and 3 edges (relative pose constraints) with spherical covariance matrices, which can be formulated as a six dimensional least squares optimization problem, is equivalent to solving a one dimensional optimization problem. Then we show that the same result can be extended to the optimizing of a pose graph with 'two anchor nodes' where every edge is connecting to one of the two anchor nodes. Furthermore, we prove that the global minimum of the resulting one dimensional optimization problem must belong to a certain interval and there are at most 3 minima in that interval. Thus the globally optimal pose configuration of the pose graph can be obtained very easily through the bisection method and closed-form formulas.

Wang, S, He, X, Wu, Q & Yang, J 1970, 'Generalized local N-ary patterns for texture classification', 2013 10th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2013 10th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS), IEEE, Krakow, Poland, pp. 324-329.
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Local Binary Pattern (LBP) has been well recognised and widely used in various texture analysis applications of computer vision and image processing. It integrates properties of texture structural and statistical texture analysis. LBP is invariant to monotonic gray-scale variations and has also extensions to rotation invariant texture analysis. In recent years, various improvements have been achieved based on LBP. One of extensive developments was replacing binary representation with ternary representation and proposed Local Ternary Pattern (LTP). This paper further generalises the local pattern representation by formulating it as a generalised weight problem of Bachet de Meziriac and proposes Local N-ary Pattern (LNP). The encouraging performance is achieved based on three benchmark datasets when compared with its predecessors. © 2013 IEEE.

Wang, S, Zhang, J & Miao, Z 1970, 'A new edge feature for head-shoulder detection', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2013 20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 2822-2826.
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In this work, we introduce a new edge feature to improve the head-shoulder detection performance. Since Head-shoulder detection is much vulnerable to vague contour, our new edge feature is designed to extract and enhance the head-shoulder contour and suppress the other contours. The basic idea is that head-shoulder contour can be predicted by filtering edge image with edge patterns, which are generated from edge fragments through a learning process. This edge feature can significantly enhance the object contour such as human head and shoulder known as En-Contour. To evaluate the performance of the new En-Contour, we combine it with HOG+LBP [1] as HOG+LBP+En-Contour. The HOG+LBP is the state-of-the-art feature in pedestrian detection. Because the human head-shoulder detection is a special case of pedestrian detection, we also use it as our baseline. Our experiments have indicated that this new feature significantly improve the HOG+LBP.

Wang, W, Li, Z, Wang, Y & Chen, F 1970, 'Indexing cognitive workload based on pupillary response under luminance and emotional changes', Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on Intelligent user interfaces, IUI '13: 18th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, ACM, pp. 247-256.
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Pupillary response is a popular physiological index of cognitive workload that can be used for design and evaluation of adaptive interface in various areas of human-computer interaction (HCI) research. However, in practice various confounding factors unrelated to workload, including changes of luminance condition and emotional arousal might degrade pupillary response based workload measures such as commonly used mean pupil diameter. This work investigates pupillary response as a cognitive workload measure under the influence of such confounding factors. Video-based eye tracker is used to record pupillary response during arithmetic tasks under luminance and emotional changes. Machine learning based feature selection and classification techniques are proposed to robustly index cognitive workload based on pupillary response even with the influence of noisy factors unrelated to workload. Copyright © 2013 ACM.

Wang, W, Wang, Y, Chen, F & Sowmya, A 1970, 'A weakly supervised approach for object detection based on Soft-Label Boosting', 2013 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 2013 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), IEEE, Clearwater, FL, pp. 331-338.
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Wang, X, Wang, Z & Xu, X 1970, 'An Improved Artificial Bee Colony Approach to QoS-Aware Service Selection', 2013 IEEE 20th International Conference on Web Services, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS), IEEE, pp. 395-402.
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As available services accumulate on the Internet, QoS-aware service selection (SSP) becomes an increasingly difficult task. Since Artificial Bee Colony algorithm (ABC) has been successful in solving many problems as a simpler implementation of swarm intelligence, its application to SSP is promising. However, ABC was initially designed for numerical optimization, and its effectiveness highly depends on what we call optimality continuity property of the solution space, i.e., similar variable values (or neighboring solutions) result in similar objective values (or evaluation results). We will show that SSP does not possess such property. We further propose an approximation approach based on greedy search strategies for ABC, to overcome this problem. In this approach, neighboring solutions are generated for a composition greedily based on the neighboring services of its component services. Two algorithms with different neighborhood measures are presented based on this approach. The resulting neighborhood structure of the proposed algorithms is analogical to that of continuous functions, so that the advantages of ABC can be fully leveraged in solving SSP. Also, they are pure online algorithms which are as simple as canonical ABC. The rationale of the proposed approach is discussed and the complexity of the algorithms is analyzed. Experiments conducted against canonical ABC indicate that the proposed algorithms can achieve better optimality within limited time. © 2013 IEEE.

Wang, Y, Li, Z, Wang, Y & Chen, F 1970, 'A Bayesian non-parametric viewpoint to visual tracking', 2013 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 2013 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), IEEE, Clearwater, FL, pp. 482-488.
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Wang, Y, Xiong, R, Li, Q & Huang, S 1970, 'Kullback-leibler divergence based graph pruning in robotic feature mapping', 2013 European Conference on Mobile Robots, 2013 European Conference on Mobile Robots (ECMR), IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 32-37.
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In pose feature graph simultaneous localization and mapping, the robot poses and feature positions are treated as graph nodes and the odometry and observations are treated as edges. The size of the graph exerts an important influence on the efficiency of the graph optimization. Conventionally, the size of the graph is kept small by discarding the current frame if it is not spatially far enough from the previous one or not informative enough. However, these approaches cannot discard the already preserved frames when the robot re-visits the previously explored area. We propose a measure derived from Kullbach-Leibler divergence to decide whether a frame should be discarded, achieving an online implementation of the graph pruning algorithm for feature mapping, of which the pruned frame can be any of the preserved frames. The experimental results using real world datasets show that the proposed pruning algorithm can effectively reduce the size of the graph while maintaining the map accuracy. © 2013 IEEE.

Wang, Y-K, Jung, T-P, Chen, S-A, Huang, C-S & Lin, C-T 1970, 'Tracking Attention Based on EEG Spectrum', Communications in Computer and Information Science, International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Las Vegas, NV, USA, pp. 450-454.
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Distraction while driving is a serious problem that can have many catastrophic consequences. Developing a countermeasure to detect the drivers' distraction is imperative. This study measured Electroencephalography (EEG) signals from six healthy participants while they were asked to pay their full attention to a lane-keeping driving task or a math problem-solving task. The time courses of six distinct brain networks (Frontal, Central, Parietal, Occipital, Left Motor, and Right Motor) separated by Independent Component Analysis were used to build the distraction-detection model. EEG data were segmented into 400-ms epochs. Across subjects, 80% of the EEG epochs were used to train various classifiers that were tested against the remaining 20% of the data. The classification performance based on support vector machines (SVM) with a radial basis function (RBF) kernel achieved accuracy of 84.7±2.7% or 85.8±1.3% for detecting subjects' focuses of attention to the math-solving or lane-deviation task, respectively. The high attention-detection accuracy demonstrated the feasibility of accurately detecting drivers' attention based on the brain activities. This demonstration may lead to a practical real-time distraction-detection system for improving road safety. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.

Wang, Z, Luo, T, Xu, G & Wang, X 1970, 'A New Indexing Technique for Supporting By-attribute Membership Query of Multidimensional Data', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Web-Age Information Management, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, China, pp. 266-277.
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Multidimensional Data indexing and lookup has been widely used in online data-intensive applications involving in data with multiple attributes. However, there remains a long way to go for the high performance multi-attribute data representation and lookup: the performance of index drops down with the increase of dimensions. In this paper, we present a novel data structure called Bloom Filter Matrix (BFM) to support multidimensional data indexing and by-attribute search. The proposed matrix is based on the Cartesian product of different bloom filters, each representing one attribute of the original data. The structure and parameter of each bloom filter is designed to fit the actual data characteristic and system demand, enabling fast object indexing and lookup, especially by-attribute search of multidimensional data. Experiments show that Bloom Filter Matrix is a fast and accurate data structure for multi-attribute data indexing and by-attribute search with high-correlated queries. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Wang, Z, Xu, X & Wang, X 1970, 'Mass Customization Oriented and Cost-Effective Service Network', ENTERPRISE INTEROPERABILITY, IWEI 2013, 5th International IFIP Working Conference on Enterprise Interoperability (IWEI), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Univ Twente, Enschede, NETHERLANDS, pp. 172-185.
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Warkiani, ME, Khoo, BL, Tan, DSW, Bhagat, AAS, Lim, WT, Han, J & Lim, CT 1970, 'Circulating tumor cell (CTC) enrichment: Ultra high throughput processing of clinically relevant blood volumes using a multiplexed spiral biochip', 17th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2013, pp. 1156-1158.
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Detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from minimally invasive 'liquid biopsy' provides critical insights into tumor biology and is critical for companion diagnostics and care. Here, we present a multiplexed spiral biochip for ultra-high throughput isolation of CTCs using inertial microfluidics to realize a single step label-free enrichment process. This device is capable of efficient cell separation of clinically relevant blood volumes in a short period of time (7.5 mL blood in 35 min). CTCs were successfully detected and isolated from 100% (50/50) blood samples collected from patients with advanced stage metastatic breast and lung cancer. They were identified under immunofluorescence assays (cytokeratin positive), as well as molecular probes (EGFR or HER2 positive). CTC recovery rate ranges from 3-1535 CTCs/mL and obtained under high purity (1 CTC for every 30-100 white blood cells detected). Retrieved cells are unlabelled and hence more viable for propagation, drug development and other downstream analysis.

Watanabe, M, Tsutsui, H & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Robust speech recognition for similar pronunciation phrases using MMSE under noise environments', 2013 13th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2013 13th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE.
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Wei, W, Li, J, Cao, L, Sun, J, Liu, C & Li, M 1970, 'Optimal Allocation of High Dimensional Assets through Canonical Vines', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 366-377.
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Abstract. The widely used mean-variance criteria is actually not the optimal solution for asset allocation as the joint distribution of asset returns are distributed in asymmetric ways rather than in the assumed normal distribution. It is a computationally challenging task to model the asymmetries and skewness of joint distributions of returns in high dimensional space due to their own complicated structural complexities. This paper proposes to use a new form of canonical vine to produce the complex joint distribution of asset returns. Then, we use the utility function of Constant Relative Risk Aversion to determine the optimal allocation of the assets. The importance of using the asymmetries information is assessed by comparing the performance of a portfolio based on the mean-variance criteria and that of a portfolio based on the new canonical vine. The results show that the investors using the forecasts of these asymmetries can make better portfolio decisions than those who ignore the asymmetries information. © Springer-Verlag 2013.

Wi, H, Nguyen, V, Lee, J, Guan, H, Loo, YC & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Enhancing visual-based bridge condition assessment for concrete crack evaluation using image processing techniques', Long Span Bridges and Roofs - Development, Design and Implementation, IABSE Symposium, Kolkata, India.
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Condition assessment is one of the most essential practices in bridge asset management to maintain the safety and durability of structures. Routine bridge inspection, a visual-based method, is regularly performed by qualified inspectors to determine the condition of individual bridge elements manually using bridge inspection standards. However, the quality of a visual-based condition assessment relies heavily on the inspector's knowledge and experience. The research presented here focuses on the development of an enhanced method to minimise the shortcomings of visual-based inspection. In this paper, we investigate the performance of RBF-kernel support vector machines (SVMs), a supervised machine learning technique, to increase the reliability of visual-based bridge inspection. The results of this study can contribute to minimising the shortcomings of current visual-based bridge inspection practices.

Wi, H, Nguyen, V, Lee, J, Guan, H, Loo, Y-C & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Enhancing Visual-based Bridge Condition Assessment for Concrete Crack Evaluation Using Image Processing Techniques', IABSE Symposium, Kolkata 2013: Long Span Bridges and Roofs - Development, Design and Implementation, IABSE Symposium, Kolkata 2013: Long Span Bridges and Roofs - Development, Design and Implementation, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE).
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<p>Condition assessment is one of the most essential practices in bridge asset management to maintain the safety and durability of structures. Routine bridge inspection, a visual-based method, is regularly performed by qualified inspectors to determine the condition of individual bridge elements manually using bridge inspection standards. However, the quality of a visual-based condition assessment relies heavily on the inspector’s knowledge and experience. The research presented here focuses on the development of an enhanced method to minimise the shortcomings of visual-based inspection. In this paper, we investigate the performance of RBF-kernel support vector machines (SVMs), a supervised machine learning technique, to increase the reliability of visual- based bridge inspection. The results of this study can contribute to minimising the shortcomings of current visual-based bridge inspection practices.</p>

Wijayaratna, K, Dixit, V, Mao, T & Waller, ST 1970, 'Emissions impacts of transit signal prioritisation', Australasian Transport Research Forum, ATRF 2013 - Proceedings.
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The environmental implications of transport planning and infrastructure have become an important consideration across the last decade. Significant research has been carried out to identify methods to reduce the impact of transportation systems, in particular surface transportation systems, on the environment. Transit signal prioritisation has been widely used throughout mass-transit systems to ensure schedule adherence and reduce delays for transit vehicles, primarily buses at a minimised cost to other vehicles on the network. However these systems do not take into consideration the impact on the level of emissions created by the signal prioritisation scenario. The paper demonstrates the emissions impact of a standard Transit Signal Priority (TSP) application simulated using the microsimulation tool, Paramics on the corridor network of El Camino Real, CA. Environmental performance data was collected using the emissions modelling tool 'Paramics Monitor' and the results of the simulation indicate that even though emissions levels of busses reduce, the overall level of emissions tend to increase with the implementation of TSP. Accordingly the research study further proposes a methodology for the determination of real time transit signal prioritisation optimisation model with the primary aim to minimise the environmental impact (emissions and fuel consumption). In other words, this will in the future result in the development of an Eco-Transit Signal Prioritisation application. The provision of priority considers a number of parameters including the vehicle's location, speed, vehicle type as well as emissions (such as greenhouse gasses) and fuel consumption. In addition schedule adherence and the number of passengers on board also serve as important factors affecting both the level of emissions as well as delays experienced.

Wijayaratna, KP, Duell, M & Waller, ST 1970, 'Predicting disrupted network behaviour incorporating user equilibrium with recourse', Proceedings of the 18th International Conference of Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies, HKSTS 2013 - Travel Behaviour and Society, pp. 633-640.
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Disruptions to a network create uncertainty which affects the rationality of a user as well their familiarity of the road network. Accordingly traditional equilibrium concepts are not applicable when disruptions are present on a network, especially when developing models for the purposes of incident mitigation or disaster planning. To address this need, this work presents the disrupted equilibrium assignment with recourse (DEAR) model that incorporates a decision-making process in which users gain information about the uncertainty created by a disruption as they travel though the network. The core of the work builds on an existing static, Disrupted Network Assignment Model (DNAM) by incorporating and adaptation of the user equilibrium with recourse (UER) model. Demonstration of the model methodology is presented on a simple network with results indicating the necessity to account for the adaptive behaviour of users in light of a disruption.

Wijerathna, B, Vidal-Calleja, T, Kodagoda, S, Zhang, Q & Valls Miro, J 1970, 'Multiple defect interpretation based on Gaussian processes for MFL technology', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, SPIE, San Diego, USA, pp. 1-12.
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Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) technology has been used in non-destructive testing for more than three decades. There have been several publications in detecting and sizing defects on metal pipes using machine learning techniques. Most of these literature focus on isolated defects, which is far from the real scenario. This study is towards the generalization of interpretation of the leakage flux in the presence of multiple defects based on simulation models, together with data-driven inference methodologies, such as Gaussian Process (GP) models. A MFL device has been simulated using both COMSOL Multiphysics and ANSYS software followed by prototyping the same device for experimental validations. Multiple defects with different geometrical configurations were introduced on a cast iron pipe sample and both radial and axial components of the leakage field have been measured. It was observed that both axial and radial components differ with different defect configurations. We propose to use GP to solve the inverse model problem by capturing such behaviors, i.e. to recover the profille of a cluster of defects from the measurements of a MFL device. The data was used to learn the non-parametric GP model with squared exponential covariance function and automatic relevance determination to solve this regression problem. Extensive quantitative and qualitative evaluations are presented using simulated and experimental data that validate the success of the proposed non-parametric methodology for interpreting the profiling of clusters of defects with MFL technology. © 2013 SPIE.

Willey, K & Gardner, A 1970, 'A framework to develop academic standards and improve feedback quality', Research in Engineering Education Symposium, REES 2013, Research in Engineering Education Symposium, Curran Associates, Inc., Putrajaya, Malaysia, pp. 335-341.
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This paper describes the benefits of co-constructed understandings of academic standards using a framework that includes collaborative conversations about assessment artefacts supported by online self and peer assessment technology. In particular in this paper we describe this process in the context of addressing the variations in understanding, grading and feedback between multiple tutors in large classes. The described implementation of the framework not only improved understanding and reduced grading variation, it also improved student feedback by helping tutors to convert tacit understandings into explicit explanations and resulted in improved student satisfaction with the assessment process. Copyright © 2013 Wiley & Gardner.

Willey, K & Gardner, A 1970, 'Flipping your classroom: Without flipping out', 41st SEFI Conference, SEFI - Annual Conference of European Society for Engineering Education, SEFI, Belgium, pp. 1-9.
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There is some contention as to who are considered to be the pioneers of flipped learning. Within the secondary school system Bergman and Sams, who used live video recordings and screencast software in 2007, are frequently mentioned [1- 3]; while within the tertiary sector, Mazurs work on peer instruction is often highlighted [4, 5]. While the phrase `flipped learning may be relatively new it has been practised by numerous academics and teachers for decades, and is the disciplinary norm in some contexts, for example, it is extensively used in social science classes. To find a popular accepted definition of flipped learning we consulted Wikipedia, which describes it as ...a form of blended learning that encompasses any use of technology to leverage the learning in a classroom, so a teacher can spend more time interacting with students instead of lecturing [6]. We would modify this definition to omit the need for the use of technology, while it is common practice to replace in-class lectures with online video or audio files, out of class readings from text, notes or inquiry-based activities using non-online resources may also be used. Hence the requirement for flipped learning is that didactic transmission-based lectures are at least in part replaced with out of class tasks allowing class time for participative learning activities. Additionally, we would suggest that it should be referred to as flipped instruction as the learning should occur at all stages of the process. Flipped activities should preferably require students to engage in dialogue and include assessment (typically formative) to allow students to evaluate their understanding or progress. Furthermore, flipped instruction should not merely create an opportunity for academics to provide more personal feedback and assistance to students, but also to receive feedback from their students about the activities that they are undertaking and what they dont yet understand. In this way the learning environment is...

Willey, K & Gardner, AP 1970, 'SPARK^PLUS: Enabling collaboration and dialogue for learning and developing standards', 2013 ASEE International Forum.
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Professional learning is often informal, learnt on the job through engaging in practice with peers. Hence, to prepare students for professional practice they require opportunities to develop their ability to work in such collaborative /socially constructed learning environments. The authors have conducted several studies investigating the impact of collaborative learning activities on the people that participate in them. We found thoughtful design is required, including scaffolding, to motivate desired approaches and attitudes to learning. The results of these studies informed the development of a collaborative learning activity framework and the educational technology tool SPARKPLUS. In this paper we use exemplar activities to describe the findings of these studies and demonstrate both the framework and the support provided by SPARKPLUS

Willey, K, Gardner, AP & ASEE 1970, 'Invited Paper - SPARKPLUS : Enabling collaboration and dialogue for learning and developing standards', 2013 ASEE INTERNATIONAL FORUM, ASEE International Forum, American Society for Engineering Education, Atlanta, GA.

Williams, M-A, Abidi, S, Gaerdenfors, P, Wang, X, Kuipers, B & Johnston, B 1970, 'Interpreting Robot Pointing Behavior', SOCIAL ROBOTICS, ICSR 2013, International Conference on Social Robotics (ICSR), Springer, Bristol, UK, pp. 148-159.
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The ability to draw other agents’ attention to objects and events is an important skill on the critical path to effective human-robot collaboration. People use the act of pointing to draw other people’s attention to objects and events for a wide range of purposes. While there is significant work that aims to understand people’s pointing behavior, there is little work analyzing how people interpret robot pointing. Since robots have a wide range of physical bodies and cognitive architectures, interpreting pointing will be determined by a specific robot’s morphology and behavior. Humanoids and robots whose heads, torso and arms resemble humans that point may be easier for people to interpret, however if such robots have different perceptual capabilities to people then misinterpretation may occur. In this paper we investigate how ordinary people interpret the pointing behavior of a leading state-of-the-art service robot that has been designed to work closely with people. We tested three hypotheses about how robot pointing is interpreted. The most surprising finding was that the direction and pitch of the robot’s head was important in some conditions. © Springer International Publishing 2013.

Williams, PT, Kirby, R, Malecki, C & Hill, J 1970, 'Measurement of the bulk acoustic properties of rock wool at high Temperatures', 42nd International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering 2013, INTER-NOISE 2013: Noise Control for Quality of Life, International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering, Innsbruck, Austria, pp. 4188-4197.
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The acoustic absorption characteristics of fibrous materials have been the subject of many studies at room temperature and it is well known that the bulk acoustic properties may be measured using an impedance tube and expressed in the form of Delany and Bazley coefficients. However, many applications of fibrous materials take place at high temperatures, for example in gas turbines, and here little work has been done to investigate the effect of temperature on the bulk acoustic properties. Accordingly, the high temperature performance of rock wool is investigated here using a regular impedance tube modified to produce stable and uniform internal temperatures between 20°C and 500°C. Delany and Bazley coefficients are then derived from these measurements and it is shown that these coefficients do not depend on temperature provided the temperature dependence of the flow resistivity and properties of air are accounted for. Therefore, it is shown that the bulk acoustic properties of rock wool can be characterised using Delany and Bazley's empirical formulae obtained at low temperatures and then extrapolated to higher temperatures using a straightforward modification of the material flow resistivity. Copyright© (2013) by Austrian Noise Abatement Association (OAL).

Winter, R, Marjanovic, O & Wixom, BH 1970, 'Introduction to Business Analytics, Business Intelligence, and Big Data Minitrack.', HICSS, 46th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), IEEE Computer Society, Maui, HI, pp. 3767-3767.
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Wong, GY, Leung, FHF, Ling, S-H & IEEE 1970, 'A Novel Evolutionary Preprocessing Method Based on Over-sampling and Under-sampling for Imbalanced Datasets', 39TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY (IECON 2013), Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IEEE, Vienna, Austria, pp. 2354-2359.
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Imbalanced datasets are commonly encountered in real-world classification problems. However, many machine learning algorithms are originally designed for well-balanced datasets. Re-sampling has become an important step to preprocess imbalanced dataset. It aims at balancing the datasets by increasing the sample size of the smaller class or decreasing the sample size of the larger class, which are known as over-sampling and under-sampling respectively. In this paper, a novel sampling strategy based on both over-sampling and under-sampling is proposed, in which the new samples of the smaller class are created by the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE). The improvement of the datasets is done by the evolutionary computational method of CHC that works on both the minority class and majority class samples. The result is a hybrid data preprocessing method that combines both over-sampling and under-sampling techniques to re-sample datasets. The evaluation is done by applying the learning algorithm C4.5 to obtain a classification model from the re-sampled datasets. Experimental results reported that the proposed approach can decrease the over-sampling rate about 50% with only around 3% discrepancy on the accuracy. © 2013 IEEE.

Woolford, S, Burnett, IS & IEEE 1970, 'A NOVEL ONE SHOT OBJECT PROFILOMETRY SYSTEM USING DIRECT SEQUENCE SPREAD SPECTRUM PROFILOMETRY', 2013 IEEE 11TH IVMSP WORKSHOP: 3D IMAGE/VIDEO TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS (IVMSP 2013), IEEE IVMSP Workshop - D Image/Video Technologies and Applications, IEEE, Seoul, South Korea.
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In this paper a new method of determining 3D object shape using patterns derived from Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is presented. First a binary message is encoded via Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), and spread using pseudo-random spreading to create a pattern. An Iterative Unscented Kalman Filter (IUKF) is then used to determine the deformation in the pattern due to an object, and a Kalman smoother is used to reduce noise in the deformation estimation. Results show that the iterative UKF is able to determine the deformation in the pattern with a lower absolute error residual between the ground truth and estimated deformation than the non-iterated UKF. Results of the accompanying Cramer-Rao lower bounds show that the lower bound on the DSSS Pattern is lower than that of the fringe pattern. © 2013 IEEE.

Wu, D, Zhang, G & Lu, J 1970, 'A Fuzzy Tree Similarity Based Recommendation Approach for Telecom Products', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2013 JOINT IFSA WORLD CONGRESS AND NAFIPS ANNUAL MEETING (IFSA/NAFIPS), Joint IFSA World Congress NAFIPS Annual Meeting, IEEE, Edmonton, Canada, pp. 813-818.
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Due to the huge product assortments and complex descriptions of telecom products, it is a great challenge for customers to select appropriate products. A fuzzy tree similarity based hybrid recommendation approach is proposed to solve this issue. In this study, fuzzy techniques are used to deal with the various uncertainties existing within the product and customer data. A fuzzy tree similarity measure is developed to evaluate the semantic similarity between tree structured products or user profiles. The similarity measures for items and users both integrate the collaborative filtering (CF) and semantic similarities. The final recommendation hybridizes item-based and user-based CF recommendation techniques. A telecom product recommendation case study is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2013 IEEE.

Wu, D, Zhang, G, Lu, J & IEEE 1970, 'A Fuzzy Tree Similarity Measure and Its Application in Telecom Product Recommendation', 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS (SMC 2013), IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE, Manchester, UK, pp. 3483-3488.
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The recommender systems field has been well developed in the last few years to provide item recommendations to related users. Existing recommendation approaches, however, assume that an item is described by a single value or a vector. Unfortunately, some items in real world applications, such as telecom products, could have a tree structure. This paper aims to handle this issue by developing a comprehensive fuzzy tree similarity measure. The fuzzy tree similarity measure compares both the concepts and values in two trees of items. The focus of this study is primarily on the fuzzy value similarity between two trees. In the similarity measure, each attribute is associated with a set of linguistic terms to express the value granularly. The node values are first transformed to membership vectors related to the linguistic terms, and the values of the conceptual corresponding nodes are then compared. These local similarities are aggregated into the final fuzzy value similarity between the two trees. A telecom product recommendation case study shows the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy tree similarity measure and its applicability for telecom product recommendations. © 2013 IEEE.

Wu, F, Tan, X, Yang, Y, Tao, D, Tang, S & Zhuang, Y 1970, 'Supervised Nonnegative Tensor Factorization with Maximum-Margin Constraint.', AAAI, AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Press, Bellevue, Washington, USA, pp. 962-968.
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Non-negative tensor factorization (NTF) has attracted great attention in the machine learning community. In this paper, we extend traditional non-negative tensor factorization into a supervised discriminative decomposition, referred as Supervised Non-negative Tensor Factorization with Maximum-Margin Constraint(SNTFM2). SNTFM2 formulates the optimal discriminative factorization of non-negative tensorial data as a coupled least-squares optimization problem via a maximum-margin method. As a result, SNTFM2 not only faithfully approximates the tensorial data by additive combinations of the basis, but also obtains a strong generalization power to discriminative analysis (in particularfor classification in this paper). The experimental results show the superiority of our proposed model over state-of-the-art techniques on both toy and real world data sets.

Wu, L, Chin, A, Xu, G, Du, L, Wang, X, Meng, K, Guo, Y & Zhou, Y 1970, 'Who Will Follow Your Shop? Exploiting Multiple Information Sources in Finding Followers', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Database Systems for Advanced Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Wuhan, pp. 401-415.
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WuXianGouXiang is an O2O(offline to online and vice versa)-based mobile application that recommends the nearby coupons and deals for users, by which users can also follow the shops they are interested in. If the potential followers of a shop can be discovered, the merchant's targeted advertising can be more effective and the recommendations for users will also be improved. In this paper, we propose to predict the link relations between users and shops based on the following behavior. In order to better model the characteristics of the shops, we first adopt Topic Modeling to analyze the semantics of their descriptions and then propose a novel approach, named INtent Induced Topic Search (INITS) to update the hidden topics of the shops with and without a description. In addition, we leverage the user logs and search engine results to get the similarity between users and shops. Then we adopt the latent factor model to calculate the similarity between users and shops, in which we use the multiple information sources to regularize the factorization. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective for detecting followers of the shops and the INITS model is useful for shop topic inference. © Springer-Verlag 2013.

Wu, Z, Yin, W, Cao, J, Xu, G & Cuzzocrea, A 1970, 'Community Detection in Multi-relational Social Networks', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Nanjing, pp. 43-56.
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Multi-relational networks are ubiquitous in many fields such as bibliography, twitter, and healthcare. There have been many studies in the literature targeting at discovering communities from social networks. However, most of them have focused on single-relational networks. A hint of methods detected communities from multi-relational networks by converting them to single-relational networks first. Nevertheless, they commonly assumed different relations were independent from each other, which is obviously unreal to real-life cases. In this paper, we attempt to address this challenge by introducing a novel co-ranking framework, named MutuRank. It makes full use of the mutual influence between relations and actors to transform the multi-relational network to the single-relational network. We then present GMM-NK (Gaussian Mixture Model with Neighbor Knowledge) based on local consistency principle to enhance the performance of spectral clustering process in discovering overlapping communities. Experimental results on both synthetic and real-world data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Wyeth, P, Johnson, D & Ziviani, J 1970, 'Activity, motivation and games for young children', Proceedings of The 9th Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment: Matters of Life and Death, IE'2013: The 9th Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment -, ACM.
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Xiangling Li, Qimei Cui, Xiaofeng Tao, Xianjun Yang, Rehman, WU & Jay Guo, Y 1970, 'Performance bounds of compressed sensing recovery algorithms for sparse noisy signals', 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 2884-2889.
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Recently, the performance bounds of the compressed sensing (CS) recovery algorithms have been investigated in the noisy setting. However, most of the papers only focus on the noisy measurement model where the signal is noiseless and the noise enters after the CS operation. The noisy signal model where both the signal and the compressed measurements are contaminated by the different noises is not considered. This paper works on the noisy signal model and provides the performance bounds for the following popular recovery algorithms: thresholding and orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP), Dantzig selector (DS) and basis pursuit denoising (BPDN). The performance of the recovery algorithms is quantified as the ℓ 2 distance between the reconstructed signal and the true noisy signal. Next, the impacts of the noise are analyzed on the basis of the quantified performance. The analysis results show that the effective way to restrain the impact of the noise is to choose the measurement matrix with low correlation between the columns or the rows. Finally, the theoretical bounds are verified with numerical simulations by calculating the mean-squared-error for the different noise variances. The simulation results show that OMP owns the better performance than the other three recovery algorithms under the noisy signal model. © 2013 IEEE.

Xihao, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Dynamic time warping for speech recognition with training part to reduce the computation', International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems ISSCS2013, 2013 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems (ISSCS), IEEE.
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Xihao, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Dynamic time warping for speech recognition with training part to reduce the computation', International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems ISSCS2013, 2013 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems (ISSCS), IEEE.
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Dynamic time warping (DTW) is a popular automatic speech recognition (ASR) method based on template matching[1] [2]. DTW algorithm compares the parameters of an unknown word with the parameters of one reference template. But the recognition rate is limited. To increase the number of reference templates for the same word will improve the recognition rate, but it will lead to spend a lot of computing time and memory resource. In this paper we proposed a method to reduce the number of reference templates, thus reduces the computing time and memory resource and also keep the high recognition rate. © 2013 IEEE.

Xu, J, Wu, Q, Zhang, J, Shen, F & Tang, Z 1970, 'Training boosting-like algorithms with semi-supervised subspace learning', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2013 20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 4302-4306.
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Boosting algorithms have attracted great attention since the first real-time face detector by Viola & Jones through feature selection and strong classifier learning simultaneously. On the other hand, researchers have proposed to decouple such two procedures to improve the performance of Boosting algorithms. Motivated by this, we propose a boosting-like algorithm framework by embedding semi-supervised subspace learning methods. It selects weak classifiers based on class-separability. Combination weights of selected weak classifiers can be obtained by subspace learning. Three typical algorithms are proposed under this framework and evaluated on public data sets. As shown by our experimental results, the proposed methods obtain superior performances over their supervised counterparts and AdaBoost. © 2013 IEEE.

Xu, W, Miao, Z, Zhang, J, Zhang, Q & Wu, H 1970, 'Spatial-Temporal Context for Action Recognition Combined with Confidence and Contribution Weight', 2013 2nd IAPR Asian Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2013 2nd IAPR Asian Conference on Pattern Recognition (ACPR), IEEE, Naha, JAPAN, pp. 576-580.
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Xu, Y & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Mechanically coupled SOI Lam&#x00E9;-mode resonator-arrays: Synchronized oscillations with high quality factors of 1 million', 2013 Joint European Frequency and Time Forum & International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFC), 2013 Joint European Frequency and Time Forum & International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFC), IEEE.
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Xu, Z, Fitch, R, Sukkarieh, S & IEEE 1970, 'Decentralised Coordination of Mobile Robots for Target Tracking with Learnt Utility Models', 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Karlsruhe, Germany, pp. 2014-2020.
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This paper addresses the coordination of a decentralised robot team for target tracking. In many approaches to coordination, robots jointly plan their actions through negotiation, which incurs communication costs. Previous work examined the use of learning to reduce the need for negotiations in a network of static robots. Robots incrementally learn how each team member impacts the team utility and can thus make coordinated, team-wide decisions. In this paper, we extend the concept of learning utility models to a team of mobile robots. We also propose a mechanism by which robots switch between negotiating and using the learnt model. This mechanism reduces the communications required for coordination whilst maintaining the same level of tracking performance. Hardware experiments demonstrated that our approach resulted in coordinated behaviours while only negotiating intermittently. Simulation results show that our approach reduced the data communicated for negotiations by up to 70%, without making a statistically significant impact on the tracking performance. © 2013 IEEE.

Xu, Z, Yang, Y, Tsang, I, Sebe, N, Hauptmann, AG & IEEE 1970, 'Feature Weighting via Optimal Thresholding for Video Analysis', 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION (ICCV), IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 3440-3447.
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Fusion of multiple features can boost the performance of large-scale visual classification and detection tasks like TRECVID Multimedia Event Detection (MED) competition [1]. In this paper, we propose a novel feature fusion approach, namely Feature Weighting via Optimal Thresholding (FWOT) to effectively fuse various features. FWOT learns the weights, thresholding and smoothing parameters in a joint framework to combine the decision values obtained from all the individual features and the early fusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to consider the weight and threshold factors of fusion problem simultaneously. Compared to state-of-the-art fusion algorithms, our approach achieves promising improvements on HMDB [8] action recognition dataset and CCV [5] video classification dataset. In addition, experiments on two TRECVID MED 2011 collections show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art fusion methods for complex event detection.

Xuan, J, Luo, X & Lu, J 1970, 'Mining Websites Preferences on Web Events in Big Data Environment', 2013 IEEE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (CSE 2013), International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1043-1050.
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On the web, there are numerous websites publishing web pages to cover the events occurring in society. The web events data satisfies the well-accepted attributes of big data: Volume, Velocity, Variety and Value. As a great value of web events data, website preferences can help the followers of web events, e.g. peoples or organizations, to select the proper websites to follow their interested aspects of web events. However, the big volume, fast evolution speed, multisource and unstructured data all together make the value of website preferences mining very challenging. In this paper, website preference is formally defined at first. Then, according to the hierarchical attribute of web events data, we propose a hierarchical network model to organize big data of a web event from different organizations, different areas and different nations at a given time stamp. With this hierarchical network structure in hand, two strategies are proposed to mine the value of websites preferences from web events data. The first straightforward strategy utilizes the communities of keyword level network and the mapping relations between websites and keywords to unveil the Value in them. By taking the whole hierarchical network structure into consideration, an iterative algorithm is proposed in second strategy to refine the keyword communities like the first strategy. At last, an evaluation criteria of website preferences is designed to compare the performances of two proposed strategies. Experimental results show the proper combination of horizontal relations (each level network) with vertical relations (mapping relations between three level networks) can extract more value from web events data and then improve the efficiency on website preferences mining.

Xuezheng Jiang, Yancheng Li & Jianchun Li 1970, 'Design of a novel linear permanent magnet vibration energy harvester', 2013 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, 2013 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM), IEEE, Wollongong, Australia, pp. 1090-1095.
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This paper presents a novel linear tubular permanent magnet (PM) energy harvester to scavenge energy from ambient vibrations. The proposed linear PM energy harvester consists of a mover attached with PMs and a slotted stator with build-in two-phase electromagnetic coils to induce the electromagnetic induction for converting vibrations into useful electrical energy. The magnetic circuit model of the PM harvester is built to analyze the parameters about scavenging energy and used to optimize the non-dimensional geometry factors and the structural parameters in order to maximize harvested energy under given vibration and space conditions. To confirm the design, dynamic FE simulations were conducted and compared with the analytical results. Simulation results indicate that the proposed PM harvester is able to scavenge about 100 W DC power when the RMS of vibration velocity equals to 0.4 m/s. Also, the harvested power increases as the vibration velocity increasing. © 2013 IEEE.

Yang Wang, Bo Liu & Lin Gui 1970, 'Adaptive Scan-based Asynchronous Neighbor Discovery in wireless networks using directional antennas', 2013 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing, 2013 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP), IEEE, Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA.
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Yang, C, Sheng, D & Carter, JP 1970, 'Stochastic Analysis of Hydraulic Hysteresis in Multi-Layer Unsaturated Soil Covers Under Random Flux Boundary Conditions', Foundation Engineering in the Face of Uncertainty, Geo-Congress 2013, American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Yang, X, Dutkiewicz, E, Cui, Q, Huang, X, Tao, X & Fang, G 1970, 'Analog compressed sensing for multiband signals with non-modulated Slepian basis', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 4941-4945.
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Recently, the recovery performance of analog Compressed Sensing (CS) has been significantly improved by representing multiband signals with the modulated and merged Slepian basis (MM-Slepian dictionary), which avoids the frequency leakage effect of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) basis. However, the MM-Slepian dictionary has a very large scale and corresponds to a large-scale measurement matrix, which leads to high recovery computational complexity. This paper resolves the above problem by modulating and band-limiting the multiband signal rather than modulating the Slepian basis. Specifically, instead of using the MM-Slepian dictionary to represent the whole multiband signal, we propose to use the non-modulated Slepian basis to represent the modulated and band-limited version of the multiband signal based on the recently proposed Modulated Wideband Converter (MWC). Furthermore, based on the analytical derivation with the non-modulated Slepian basis, we propose an Interpolation Recovery (IR) algorithm to take full advantage of the Slepian basis, whereas the Direct Recovery (DR) algorithm using the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse cannot achieve this. Simulation results verify that, with low recovery computational load, the non-modulated Slepian basis combined with the IR algorithm improves the recovery SNR by up to 35 dB compared with the DFT basis in noise-free environment. © 2013 IEEE.

Yang, X, Zhang, T, Xu, C & Xu, M 1970, 'Graph-Guided Fusion Penalty Based Sparse Coding for Image Classification', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Pacific-Rim Conference on Multimedia, Springer International Publishing, Nanjing, China, pp. 475-484.
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In image classification, conventional sparse coding only encodes local features independently. As a result, the similar local features may be encoded into code vectors with large discrepancy. This sensitiveness has became the bottleneck of the traditional sparse coding based image classification methods. In this paper, we propose a novel graph-guided fusion penalty based sparse coding method. To alleviate the sensitiveness of the traditional sparse coding, our approach constrains that the similar local features are encoded into similar code vectors. To achieve this goal, we add the popular graph-guided fusion penalty term into the traditional l1-regularized sparse coding formulation. Finally, we adopt the multi-task form of the smoothing proximal gradient method to solve our optimization problem efficiently. Experimental results on 3 benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our improved sparse coding method in image classification. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2013.

Yang, Y, Fang, G, Dutkiewicz, E & Li, Y 1970, 'A New 3D Statistical Method for Mobile Channel Model', Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, China, pp. 945-951.
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3-dimension statistical method is used to simulate the popular micro-cell propagation model: COST231-Walfish-Ikegami model[6][7] . The extended model allows for improved path loss estimation by consideration the character of the urban environment parameters are lognormal random variables rather than deterministic. The numerical calculation results and trial measurement data is presented. Based on the measurement and modelling results, we find that the 3D COST231-WI model fits very well with the measurement result in the metropolitan scenario. The conclusion is useful and helpful to network planning in the future. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Yang, Y, Ma, Z, Xu, Z, Yan, S, Hauptmann, AG & IEEE 1970, 'How Related Exemplars Help Complex Event Detection in Web Videos?', 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION (ICCV), IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 2104-2111.
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Compared to visual concepts such as actions, scenes and objects, complex event is a higher level abstraction of longer video sequences. For example, a 'marriage proposal' event is described by multiple objects (e.g., ring, faces), scenes (e.g., in a restaurant, outdoor) and actions (e.g., kneeling down). The positive exemplars which exactly convey the precise semantic of an event are hard to obtain. It would be beneficial to utilize the related exemplars for complex event detection. However, the semantic correlations between related exemplars and the target event vary substantially as relatedness assessment is subjective. Two related exemplars can be about completely different events, e.g., in the TRECVID MED dataset, both bicycle riding and equestrianism are labeled as related to 'attempting a bike trick' event. To tackle the subjectiveness of human assessment, our algorithm automatically evaluates how positive the related exemplars are for the detection of an event and uses them on an exemplar-specific basis. Experiments demonstrate that our algorithm is able to utilize related exemplars adaptively, and the algorithm gains good performance for complex event detection. © 2013 IEEE.

Yao, Y, Lu, DC & Verstraete, D 1970, 'Power loss modelling of MOSFET inverter for low-power permanent magnet synchronous motor drive', 2013 1st International Future Energy Electronics Conference (IFEEC), 2013 1st International Future Energy Electronics Conference (IFEEC), IEEE, Tainan, Taiwan, Taiwan, pp. 849-854.
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This paper investigates an analytical power loss modeling method applied to a threephase voltage source inverter, aiming to obtain an accurate inverter loss without the need of extensive experimental measurement, under the context of inverter efficiency optimization. Modeling of semiconductor is achieved through analytical equations for conduction and switching losses in the MA TLAB/Simulink environment, using drain-to-source current and voltage waveforms. An experimental verification consisting of low power DC-source, three-phase MOSFET inverter and brushless dc motor, is conducted to validate the loss model. It is found that the modeled power loss is generally consistent with experimental verification at incremental dc-link voltage from 12V-18V, with inverter efficiencies in the 94.7-97.4% and 94.5- 97.2% regions, respectively. The developed loss model can be used in fast inverter-motor drive power loss optimization where losses depend on circuit parameters and operating point of motor, which are accounted for in the developed model. © 2013 IEEE.

Ye, D & Zhang, M 1970, 'A Study on the Evolution of Cooperation in Networks', WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING - WISE 2013, PT II, 14th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (WISE), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 285-298.
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Yi, X, Paulet, R, Bertino, E & Xu, G 1970, 'Private data warehouse queries', Proceedings of the 18th ACM symposium on Access control models and technologies, SACMAT '13: 18th ACM Symposium on Access Control Models and Technologies, ACM, Amsterdam, pp. 25-35.
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Publicly accessible data warehouses are an indispensable resource for data analysis. But they also pose a significant risk to the privacy of the clients, since a data warehouse operator may follow the client's queries and infer what the client is interested in. Private Information Retrieval (PIR) techniques allow the client to retrieve a cell from a data warehouse without revealing to the operator which cell is retrieved. However, PIR cannot be used to hide OLAP operations performed by the client, which may disclose the client's interest. This paper presents a solution for private data warehouse queries on the basis of the Boneh-Goh-Nissim cryptosystem which allows one to evaluate any multi-variate polynomial of total degree 2 on ciphertexts. By our solution, the client can perform OLAP operations on the data warehouse and retrieve one (or more) cell without revealing any information about which cell is selected. Furthermore, our solution supports some types of statistical analysis on data warehouse, such as regression and variance analysis, without revealing the client's interest. Our solution ensures both the server's security and the client's security. Copyright 2013 ACM.

Yin, H, Sun, Y, Cui, B, Hu, Z & Chen, L 1970, 'LCARS', Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, KDD' 13: The 19th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, ACM, Chicago, Illinois USA, pp. 221-229.
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Newly emerging location-based and event-based social network services provide us with a new platform to understand users preferences based on their activity history. A user can only visit a limited number of venues/events and most of them are within a limited distance range, so the user-item matrix is very sparse, which creates a big challenge for traditional collaborative filtering-based recommender systems. The problem becomes more challenging when people travel to a new city where they have no activity history. In this paper, we propose LCARS, a location-content-aware recommender system that offers a particular user a set of venues (e.g., restaurants) or events (e.g., concerts and exhibitions) by giving consideration to both personal interest and local preference. This recommender system can facilitate peoples travel not only near the area in which they live, but also in a city that is new to them. Specifically, LCARS consists of two components: offline modeling and online recommendation. The offline modeling part, called LCA- LDA, is designed to learn the interest of each individual user and the local preference of each individual city by capturing item co- occurrence patterns and exploiting item contents. The online recommendation part automatically combines the learnt interest of the querying user and the local preference of the querying city to produce the top-k recommendations. To speed up this online process, a scalable query processing technique is developed by extending the classic Threshold Algorithm (TA). We evaluate the performance of our recommender system on two large-scale real data sets, Douban- Event and Foursquare. The results show the superiority of LCARS in recommending spatial items for users, especially when traveling to new cities, in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency.

Yin, J, Zheng, Z, Cao, L, Song, Y & Wei, W 1970, 'Efficiently Mining Top-K High Utility Sequential Patterns', 2013 IEEE 13th International Conference on Data Mining, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM), IEEE, Dallas, TX, USA, pp. 1259-1264.
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High utility sequential pattern mining is an emerging topic in the data mining community. Compared to the classic frequent sequence mining, the utility framework provides more informative and actionable knowledge since the utility of a sequence indicates business value and impact. However, the introduction of 'utility' makes the problem fundamentally different from the frequency-based pattern mining framework and brings about dramatic challenges. Although the existing high utility sequential pattern mining algorithms can discover all the patterns satisfying a given minimum utility, it is often difficult for users to set a proper minimum utility. A too small value may produce thousands of patterns, whereas a too big one may lead to no findings. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called top-k high utility sequential pattern mining to tackle this critical problem. Accordingly, an efficient algorithm, Top-k high Utility Sequence (TUS for short) mining, is designed to identify top-k high utility sequential patterns without minimum utility. In addition, three effective features are introduced to handle the efficiency problem, including two strategies for raising the threshold and one pruning for filtering unpromising items. Our experiments are conducted on both synthetic and real datasets. The results show that TUS incorporating the efficiency-enhanced strategies demonstrates impressive performance without missing any high utility sequential patterns. © 2013 IEEE.

Ying, M, Feng, Y, Yu, N & IEEE 1970, 'Quantum Information-Flow Security: Noninterference and Access Control', 2013 IEEE 26TH COMPUTER SECURITY FOUNDATIONS SYMPOSIUM (CSF), IEEE Computer Security Foundations Symposium, IEEE Computer Society, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, pp. 130-144.
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Quantum cryptography has been extensively studied in the last twenty years, but information-flow security of quantum computing and communication systems has been almost untouched in the previous research. Due to the essential difference between classical and quantum systems, formal methods developed for classical systems, including probabilistic systems, cannot be directly applied to quantum systems. This paper defines an automata model in which we can rigorously reason about information-flow security of quantum systems. The model is a quantum generalisation of Goguen and Meseguer's noninterference. The unwinding proof technique for quantum noninterference is developed, and a certain compositionality of security for quantum systems is established. The proposed formalism is then used to prove security of access control in quantum systems. © 2013 Authors, as per new IEEE copyright agreement.

Ying, S, Feng, Y, Yu, N & Ying, M 1970, 'Reachability Probabilities of Quantum Markov Chains', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Concurrency Theory, Springer, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina, pp. 334-348.
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This paper studies three kinds of long-term behaviours, namely reachability,repeated reachability and persistence, of quantum Markov chains (qMCs). As astepping-stone, we introduce the notion of bottom strongly connected component(BSCC) of a qMC and develop an algorithm for finding BSCC decompositions of thestate space of a qMC. As the major contribution, several (classical) algorithmsfor computing the reachability, repeated reachability and persistenceprobabilities of a qMC are presented, and their complexities are analysed.

Yoo, C, Fitch, R, Sukkarieh, S & IEEE 1970, 'Provably-Correct Stochastic Motion Planning with Safety Constraints', 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Karlsruhe, Germany, pp. 981-986.
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Formal methods based on the Markov decision process formalism, such as probabilistic computation tree logic (PCTL), can be used to analyse and synthesise control policies that maximise the probability of mission success. In this paper, we consider a different objective. We wish to minimise time-to-completion while satisfying a given probabilistic threshold of success. This important problem naturally arises in motion planning for outdoor robots, where high quality mobility prediction methods are available but stochastic path planning typically relies on an arbitrary weighted cost function that attempts to balance the opposing goals of finding safe paths (minimising risk) while making progress towards the goal (maximising reward). We propose novel algorithms for model checking and policy synthesis in PCTL that 1) provide a quantitative measure of safety and completion time for a given policy, and 2) synthesise policies that minimise completion time with respect to a given safety threshold. We provide simulation results in a stochastic outdoor navigation domain that illustrate policies with varying levels of risk. © 2013 IEEE.

Yoo, C, Hawryszkiewycz, I & Kang, K 1970, 'A multi-perspective approach to knowledge management in complex environments: A case study in an australian government', Proceedings - Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2013, Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL), Jeju Island, Korea (South), pp. 1-13.
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The growing complexity of organisations has resulted in collaboration between multiple stakeholders becoming a demanding and critical issue, which organisations must then manage in order to ensure their systems are sustainable. The challenge is to tackle the complex issues in organisations, facing contemporary organisations and their stakeholders, there is a necessity to settle upon a modelling method that can be used to analyse change management and to improve adaptation. The use of a multiple-perspective framework to improve understanding of the complex relationships affecting such systems has been examined. A multiple-case field study was conducted in order to demonstrate the proposed methodology of analysis and examination for knowledge-based systems in an actual organisational setting. In particular, the case study focused on the Australian Government's Nation Building Economic Stimulus Plan (NBESP) which provided $1.9 billion to construct social housing across the State over two years. The empirical findings in this study present a new understanding of the model's ability to manage system evolution and to provide a practical approach for integrating multi-perspective views. This paper will benefit government agencies involving multiple stakeholders.

Yoo, CB, Hawryszkiewycz, I & Kang, K 1970, 'A multi-perspective approach to facilitate collaboration: A case study on australian public sector organisations', International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2013): Reshaping Society Through Information Systems Design, pp. 204-218.
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This paper presents a multiple perspectives approach that can help to improve the understanding of knowledge flows in changing collaborative environments. It differs from majority of current modelling methods use analytical or reductionist approach. Our approach is adaptive in that it introduces ways to look at change from different perspectives to help identify changes in complex organisation and provides an effective solution to addressing wicked organisational problems. Our case study focused on the Australian Government's Nation Building Economic Stimulus Plan (NBESP) which involved three government agencies working together in a complex collaborative setting. In this paper we focus on organisational, social and business perspectives in addition to the knowledge perspective. Furthermore, we show that a multiple perspectives framework could play a significant role in solving wicked problems, and enabled organisations to respond to a rapidly changing environment. © (2013) by the AIS/ICIS Administrative Office All rights reserved.

Yoo, P, Hawryszkiewycz, IT & Kang, K 1970, 'A Multi-Perspective Approach To Facilitate Collaboration: A Case Study On Australian Public Sector Organisations', Thirty Fourth International Conference on Information Systems, International Conference on Information Systems, AIS Electronic Library (AISeL), Milan, Italy, pp. 1-15.
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This paper presents a multiple perspectives approach that can help to improve the understanding of knowledge flows in changing collaborative environments. It differs from majority of current modelling methods use analytical or reductionist approach. Our approach is adaptive in that it introduces ways to look at change from different perspectives to help identify changes in complex organisation and provides an effective solution to addressing wicked organisational problems. Our case study focused on the Australian Governments Nation Building Economic Stimulus Plan (NBESP) which involved three government agencies working together in a complex collaborative setting. In this paper we focus on organisational, social and business perspectives in addition to the knowledge perspective. Furthermore, we show that a multiple perspectives framework could play a significant role in solving wicked problems, and enabled organisations to respond to a rapidly changing environment.

Yoshizawa, S, Hatakawa, Y, Matsumoto, T, Konishi, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Hardware implementation of an interference canceller for IDMA wireless communications', 2013 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2013 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS), IEEE.
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Yoshizawa, S, Sugitani, M & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Effectiveness of cover and reflector in receiver antennas for MIMO line-of-sight channels', 2013 IEEE 24th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2013 IEEE 24th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), IEEE.
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You, Y, Xu, G, Cao, J, Zhang, Y & Huang, G 1970, 'Leveraging Visual Features and Hierarchical Dependencies for Conference Information Extraction', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Joint International Conference on Asia-Pacific Web Conference (APWeb)/Web-Age Information Management (WAIM), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Sydney, pp. 404-416.
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Traditional information extraction methods mainly rely on visual feature assisted techniques; but without considering the hierarchical dependencies within the paragraph structure, some important information is missing. This paper proposes an integrated approach for extracting academic information from conference Web pages. Firstly, Web pages are segmented into text blocks by applying a new hybrid page segmentation algorithm which combines visual feature and DOM structure together. Then, these text blocks are labeled by a Tree-structured Random Fields model, and the block functions are differentiated using various features such as visual features, semantic features and hierarchical dependencies. Finally, an additional post-processing is introduced to tune the initial annotation results. Our experimental results on real-world data sets demonstrated that the proposed method is able to effectively and accurately extract the needed academic information from conference Web pages. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Yu, K, Epps, J & Chen, F 1970, 'Mental Workload Classification via Online Writing Features', 2013 12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2013 12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), IEEE, Washington, DC, pp. 1110-1114.
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Yu, S, Doss, R, Zhou, W & Guo, S 1970, 'A general cloud firewall framework with dynamic resource allocation', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, pp. 1941-1945.
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Cloud is becoming a dominant computing platform. However, we see few work on how to protect cloud data centers. As a cloud usually hosts many different type of applications, the traditional packet level firewall mechanism is not suitable for cloud platforms in case of complex attacks. It is necessary to perform anomaly detection at the event level. Moreover, protecting objects are more diverse than the traditional firewall. Motivated by this, we propose a general framework of cloud firewall, which features event level detection chain with dynamic resource allocation. We establish a mathematical model for the proposed framework. Moreover, a linear resource investment function is proposed for economical dynamical resource allocation for cloud firewalls. A few conclusions have been extracted for the reference of cloud service providers and designers. © 2013 IEEE.

Yu, S, Wang, H, Lin, X & Ruj, S 1970, 'NFSP 2013: Message from the Chairs', 2013 IEEE 33rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, 2013 IEEE 33rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCSW), IEEE.
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Yu, S-I, Yang, Y & Hauptmann, A 1970, 'Harry Potter's Marauder's Map: Localizing and Tracking Multiple Persons-of-Interest by Nonnegative Discretization', 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE, Portland, USA.
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Yu, Y, Wang, C, Gao, Y, Cao, L & Chen, X 1970, 'A Coupled Clustering Approach for Items Recommendation', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 365-376.
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Recommender systems are very useful due to the huge volume of information available on the Web. It helps users alleviate the information overload problem by recommending users with the personalized information, products or services (called items). Collaborative filtering and content-based recommendation algorithms have been widely deployed in e-commerce web sites. However, they both suffer from the scalability problem. In addition, there are few suitable similarity measures for the content-based recommendation methods to compute the similarity between items. In this paper, we propose a hybrid recommendation algorithm by combing the content-based and collaborative filtering techniques as well as incorporating the coupled similarity. Our method firstly partitions items into several item groups by using a coupled version of k-modes clustering algorithm, where the similarity between items is measured by the Coupled Object Similarity considering coupling between items. The collaborative filtering technique is then used to produce the recommendations for active users. Experimental results show that our proposed hybrid recommendation algorithm effectively solves the scalability issue of recommender systems and provides a comparable recommendation quality when lacking most of the item features. © Springer-Verlag 2013.

Yuedong Zhan, Youguang Guo & Jianguo Zhu 1970, 'Rotor field orientation speed and torque control of BDFM with adaptive second order sliding mode', 2013 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2013 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Busan, Korea, pp. 2105-2109.
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This paper presents two cascaded second order sliding mode controllers (SOSMCs) for brushless doubly fed motor (BDFM) adjustable speed system, which regulate the speed and torque. And an adaptive super twisting algorithm is incorporated into the SOSMCs to adaptively regulate the law of SOSMC. The proposed controllers for BDFM eliminate the average chattering encountered by most sliding mode control (SMC) schemes, and also possess the robustness and excellent static and dynamic performances of SMC. Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy is feasible, proper and effective.

Yulei Sui, Yue Li & Jingling Xue 1970, 'Query-directed adaptive heap cloning for optimizing compilers', Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO), 2013 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO), IEEE, Shenzhen, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1-11.
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Yuwono, M, Su, SW, Guo, Y, Li, J, West, S & Wall, J 1970, 'Automatic Feature Selection using Multiobjective Cluster Optimization for Fault Detection in a Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning System', 2013 FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, MODELLING AND SIMULATION (AIMS 2013), International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Modelling and Simulation, IEEE, Kota Kinibalu, Malaysia, pp. 171-176.
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The performance of Automatic Fault Detection and Diagnostics (AFDD) algorithms to identify faults in complex building Heating Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems depend on the appropriateness of features. This paper proposes a knowledge-discovery approach for discovering characteristic features using Multi-Objective Clustering Rapid Centroid Estimation (MOC-RCE). The proposed method has been tested on experimental fault data from the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) research project 1312-RP Winter 2008 dataset. An experiment involving 100 clustering trials shows that using the proposed method, on average 15 characteristic features have been selected from the original 320 features. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, and F-score values of greater than 95% are achieved with the provided features.

Yuwono, M, Su, SW, Moulton, BD, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Unsupervised segmentation of heel-strike IMU data using rapid cluster estimation of wavelet features', 2013 35TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, OSaka, Japan, pp. 953-956.
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When undertaking gait-analysis, one of the most important factors to consider is heel-strike (HS). Signals from a waist worn Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) provides sufficient accelerometric and gyroscopic information for estimating gait parameter and identifying HS events. In this paper we propose a novel adaptive, unsupervised, and parameter-free identification method for detection of HS events during gait episodes. Our proposed method allows the device to learn and adapt to the profile of the user without the need of supervision. The algorithm is completely parameter-free and requires no prior fine tuning. Autocorrelation features (ACF) of both anteroposterior acceleration (aAP) and medio-lateral acceleration (aML) are used to determine cadence episodes. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) features of signal peaks during cadence are extracted and clustered using Swarm Rapid Centroid Estimation (Swarm RCE). Left HS (LHS), Right HS (RHS), and movement artifacts are clustered based on intra-cluster correlation. Initial pilot testing of the system on 8 subjects show promising results up to 84.3%9.2% and 86.7%6.9% average accuracy with 86.8%9.2% and 88.9%7.1% average precision for the segmentation of LHS and RHS respectively.

Zabihi, Z, Shrethta, R, Samali, B & Crews, K 1970, 'Ultimate performance of timber connection with normal screws', From Materials to Structures: Advancement Through Innovation - Proceedings of the 22nd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, ACMSM 2012, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC PRESS / BALKEMA, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1083-1088.
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This paper presents the results of experimental push-out tests on two different types of timber composite connections using only normal screws as the shear connecter. The push out tests were conducted based on Eurocode 5 recommendations and the load-slip responses obtained from lab tests are used to determine the stiffness of the connections at serviceability, ultimate and near collapse levels, and the performance of the connections are assessed at ultimate load. Moreover, an analytical model is derived for each type of connection based on the experimental results and using a non linear regression, which can be implemented into non-linear FE analysis of timber beams with normal screws. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group.

Zainudin, Z, Kodagoda, S, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Mutual Information Based Data Selection in Gaussian Processes for 2D Laser Range Finder Based People Tracking', 2013 IEEE/ASME INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INTELLIGENT MECHATRONICS (AIM): MECHATRONICS FOR HUMAN WELLBEING, IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, IEEE, Wollongong, Australia, pp. 477-482.
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In general, a model to describe human motion patterns should have a capability of enhancing tracking performance even with long term occlusions. One way of effectively learn these patterns is to apply Gaussian Processes (GP). However, with the increase of the amount of training data with time, the GP becomes computationally expensive. In this work, we have proposed a Mutual Information (MI) based technique along with the Mahalanobis Distance (MD) measure to keep the most informative data while discarding the least informative data. The algorithm is tested with data collected in an office environment with a Segway robot equipped with a laser range finder. It leads to more than 90% data reduction while keeping the limit of Average Route Mean Square Error (ARMSE). We have also implemented a GP based Particle filter tracker for long term people tracking with occlusions. The comparison results with Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) based tracker shows the superiority of the proposed approach.

Zeb, BA, Hashmi, RM, Esselle, KP & Ge, Y 1970, 'The use of reflection and transmission models to design wideband and dual-band Fabry-Perot cavity antennas (invited paper)', 2013 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory, EMTS 2013 - Proceedings, URSI International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory (EMTS), IEEE, Int Union Radio Sci Japanese Comm, Commiss B, Hiroshima, JAPAN, pp. 1084-1087.
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This paper explores how wideband and multi-band performance can be achieved in Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antennas using two design methodologies, one based on a Reflection Model of a unit cell and the other based on a Transmission Model of a unit cell. In particular, two wideband antenna designs and two dual-band designs are considered. They include low-profile planar metallo-dielectric antennas based on one printed dielectric slab and very simple antennas based on two unprinted all-dielectric slabs. Desired wideband or multi-band performance is achieved either by engineering the reflection phase and magnitude of the superstrate using the Reflection Model or by extending the defect-mode bandwidth using the Transmission Model. Key theoretical and experimental results are presented to highlight the advantages of selected antenna designs. © 2013 IEICE.

Zechun Hu, Shu Zhang, Fang Zhang & Haiyan Lu 1970, 'SCUC with battery energy storage system for peak-load shaving and reserve support', 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, IEEE, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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This paper aims to investigate the benefit of deploying battery energy storage system (BESS) in a power system for reducing production cost, shaving peak-load and providing reserve support. A BESS model is built which takes into account the charging and discharging efficiencies, charging/discharging power limits, and reserve capacity limits. This model is incorporated into the security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) problem. The new SCUC problem is solved to optimally allocate the charging and discharging power and reserve capacity of each BESS. Tests are carried out on the IEEE 24-bus system and simulation results show that lower operational cost can be achieved by using BESS for both peak-load shaving/shifting and reserve support. © 2013 IEEE.

Zhan, Y, Youguang Guo & Zhu, J 1970, 'Control of redundancy PEM fuel cells in UPS applications with improved performance and durability', 2013 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2013 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), IEEE, Busan, Korea, pp. 306-310.
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To guarantee the reliable operation of 24 hours, improve the performance and durability of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack, and prevent it from sudden failure in an uninterruptible power system (UPS) with hybrid backup redundancy PEMFCs, battery and supercapacitor (SC) power sources, this paper conducts research in smart power management and control strategy of two PEMFCs and UPS. Firstly, based on the analysis of the major degradation mechanisms of different components of PEMFC against the operation conditions, two PEMFCs are proposed and applied to the UPS system. The experimental results show that the proposed intelligent energy management and control strategy can effectively guarantee the power sources supplied to UPS, and automatically switch the power supply between two PEMFCs.

Zhang, G & Heusdens, R 1970, 'Bi-alternating direction method of multipliers', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 3317-3321.
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The alternating-direction method of multipliers (ADMM) has been widely applied in the field of distributed optimization and statistic learning. ADMM iteratively approaches the saddle point of an augmented Lagrangian function by performing three updates per-iteration. In this paper, we propose a bi-alternating direction method of multipliers (BiADMM) that iteratively minimizes an augmented bi-conjugate function. As a result, the convergence of BiADMM is naturally established. Unlike ADMM that always involves three updates per iteration, BiADMM opens up an avenue to perform either two or three updates per iteration, depending on the functional construction. As an application, we consider applying BiADMM for the lasso problem. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our new method.

Zhang, G & Heusdens, R 1970, 'Proximal alternating-direction message-passing for MAP LP relaxation', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 3402-3406.
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Linear programming (LP) relaxation for MAP inference over (factor) graphic models is one of the fundamental problems in machine learning. In this paper, we propose a new message-passing algorithm for the MAP LP-relaxation by using the proximal alternating-direction method of multipliers (PADMM). At each iteration, the new algorithm performs two layers of optimization, that is node-oriented optimization and factor-oriented optimization. On the other hand, the recently proposed augmented primal LP (APLP) algorithm, based on the ADMM, has to perform three layers of optimization. Our algorithm simplifies the APLP algorithm by removing one layer of optimization, thus reducing the computational complexities and further accelerating the convergence rate. We refer to our new algorithm as the proximal alternating-direction (PAD) algorithm. Experimental results confirm that the PAD algorithm indeed converges faster than the APLP method.

Zhang, G & Heusdens, R 1970, 'Simplified alternating-direction message passing for dual MAP LP-relaxation', 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), IEEE, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 3397-3401.
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The approximate MAP inference over (factor) graphic models is of great importance in many applications. Due to its simplicity, linear-programming (LP) relaxation has become one of the most popular approaches to approximate MAP. In this paper, we propose a new message passing algorithm for the MAP LP-relaxation problem by using the alternating-direction method of multipliers (ADMM). At each iteration, the new algorithm performs two layers of optimization sequentially, that is node-oriented optimization and factor-oriented optimization. On the other hand, the recently proposed augmented dual LP (ADLP) algorithm, also based on the ADMM, has to perform three layers of optimization. We refer to our new algorithm as the simplified ADLP (SiADLP) algorithm. The design of the SiADLP algorithm stems from a new formulation for the dual LP problem. Experimental results show that the SiADLP algorithm outperforms the ADLP method.

Zhang, Q, Ye, P, Lin, X & Zhang, Y 1970, 'Skyline probability over uncertain preferences', Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Extending Database Technology, EDBT/ICDT '13: Joint 2013 EDBT/ICDT Conferences, ACM, Genoa, Italy, pp. 395-405.
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Skyline analysis is a key in a wide spectrum of real applications involving multi-criteria optimal decision making. In recent years, a considerable amount of research has been contributed on efficient computation of skyline probabilities over uncertain environment. Most studies if not all, assume uncertainty lies only in attribute values. To the extent of our knowledge, only one study addresses the skyline probability computation problem in scenarios where uncertainty resides in attribute preferences, instead of values. However this study takes a problematic approach by assuming independent object dominance, which we find is not always true in uncertain preference scenarios. In fact this assumption has already been shown to be not necessarily true in uncertain value scenarios. Motivated by this, we revisit the skyline probability computation over uncertain preferences in this paper. We first show that the problem of skyline probability computation over uncertain preferences is #P-complete. Then we propose efficient exact and approximate algorithms to tackle this problem. While the exact algorithm remains exponential in the worst case, our experiments demonstrate its efficiency in practice. The approximate algorithm achieves ε-approximation by the confidence (1 - Δ) with time complexity O(dn 1/ε2 ln 1/Δ), where n is the number of objects and d is the dimensionality. The efficiency and effectiveness of our methods are verified by extensive experimental results on real and synthetic data sets. © 2013 ACM.

Zhang, Z, Oberst, S & Lai, JCS 1970, 'Application of polynomial chaos expansions to analytical models of friction oscillators', Annual Conference of the Australian Acoustical Society 2013, Acoustics 2013: Science, Technology and Amenity, Annual Conference of the Australian Acoustical Society, Victor Harbor, Australia, pp. 408-414.
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Despite past substantial research efforts, the prediction of brake squeal propensity remains a largely unresolved problem. The standard practice to predict the brake squeal propensity is to analyse dynamic instabilities using the complex eigenvalue analysis. However, it is well known that not every predicted unstable vibration mode will lead to squeal and vice-versa. Owing to nonlinearity and problem complexity (e.g. operating conditions), treating brake squeal with uncertainty seems appealing. Another indicator of brake squeal propensity, not often used, is based on negative dissipated energy. In this study, uncertainty analysis induced by polynomial chaos expansions is examined for 1-dof and 4-dof friction models. Results are compared with dissipated energy calculations and standard complex eigenvalue analysis. The potential of this approach for the prediction of brake squeal propensity is discussed. © (2013) by the Australian Acoustical Society.

Zhang, Z, Yu, JX, Qin, L, Chang, L & Lin, X 1970, 'I/O efficient: computing SCCs in massive graphs.', SIGMOD Conference, ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data Conference, ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 181-192.
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A strongly connected component (SCC) is a maximal subgraph of a directed graph G in which every pair of nodes are reachable from each other in the SCC. With such a property, a general directed graph can be represented by a directed acyclic graph (DAG) by contracting an SCC of G to a node in DAG. In many real applications that need graph pattern matching, topological sorting, or reachability query processing, the best way to deal with a general directed graph is to deal with its DAG representation. Therefore, finding all SCCs in a directed graph G is a critical operation. The existing in-memory algorithms based on depth first search (DFS) can find all SCCs in linear time w.r.t. the size of a graph. However, when a graph cannot resident entirely in the main memory, the existing external or semi-external algorithms to find all SCCs have limitation to achieve high I/O efficiency. In this paper, we study new I/O efficient semi-external algorithms to find all SCCs for a massive directed graph G that cannot reside in main memory entirely. To overcome the deficiency of the existing DFSbased semi-external algorithm that heavily relies on a total order, we explore a weak order based on which we investigate new algorithms. We propose a new two phase algorithm, namely, tree construction and tree search. In the tree construction phase, a spanning tree of G can be constructed in bounded sequential scans of G. In the tree search phase, it needs to sequentially scan the graph once to find all SCCs. In addition, we propose a new single phase algorithm, which combines the tree construction and tree search phases into a single phase, with three new optimization techniques. They are early acceptance, early rejection, and batch processing. By the single phase algorithm with the new optimization techniques, we can significantly reduce the number of I/Os and CPU cost. We conduct extensive experimental studies using 4 real datasets including a massive real dataset, and several...

Zhang, Z, Zhang, G, Lu, J & Guo, C 1970, 'A fuzzy tri-level decision making algorithm and its application in supply chain', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 8TH CONFERENCE OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR FUZZY LOGIC AND TECHNOLOGY (EUSFLAT-13), World Congress of the International-Fuzzy-Systems-Association (IFSA) / Conference of the European-Society-for-Fuzzy-Logic-and-Technology (EUSFLAT), Atlantis Press, Milano, Italy, pp. 154-160.
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In this paper, we develop a fuzzy tri-level decision making (FTLDM) model to deal with decentralized decision making problems with three levels of decision makers. Based on the -cut of fuzzy set, we transform an FTLDM problem into a multiobjective tri-level decision making problem. Based on the linear tri-level Kth-best algorithm, the global optimal solution can be obtained. A case study for third-party logistics decision making in supply chain is utilized to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. © 2013. The authors-Published by Atlantis Press.

Zhao, L, Huang, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Linear SLAM: A Linear Solution to the Feature-based and Pose Graph SLAM based on Submap Joining', 2013 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS), IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 24-30.
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This paper presents a strategy for large-scale SLAM through solving a sequence of linear least squares problems. The algorithm is based on submap joining where submaps are built using any existing SLAM technique. It is demonstrated that if submaps coordinate frames are judiciously selected, the least squares objective function for joining two submaps becomes a quadratic function of the state vector. Therefore, a linear solution to large-scale SLAM that requires joining a number of local submaps either sequentially or in a more efficient Divide and Conquer manner, can be obtained. The proposed Linear SLAM technique is applicable to both feature-based and pose graph SLAM, in two and three dimensions, and does not require any assumption on the character of the covariance matrices or an initial guess of the state vector. Although this algorithm is an approximation to the optimal full nonlinear least squares SLAM, simulations and experiments using publicly available datasets in 2D and 3D show that Linear SLAM produces results that are very close to the best solutions that can be obtained using full nonlinear optimization started from an accurate initial value. The C/C++ and MATLAB source codes for the proposed algorithm are available on OpenSLAM. © 2013 IEEE.

Zhou, AN & Sheng, D 1970, 'Modelling Hydro-Mechanical Interactive Behaviour of Unsaturated Soils', Poromechanics V, Fifth Biot Conference on Poromechanics, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 1550-1559.
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This paper presents an alternative approach for interpreting unsaturated soil behaviour, which is built in the space of stress versus degree of saturation. A new volume change equation is proposed in terms of stress and degree of saturation, to give a better explanation to the non-linear change of soil compressibility under constant suctions. An alternative approach to simulate hydraulic hysteresis and hydro-mechanical interaction is then introduced, which enables the calculation of the effective degree of saturation under complex stress and suction paths. The loading-collapse yield surface is derived based on the proposed volume change equation in the plane of the effective degree of saturation and the Bishop effective stress. The proposed volume change equation and the corresponding yield surface are generalized to three-dimensional stress states by incorporating with the Modified Cam-clay model. The proposed model is validated against a variety of experimental data in literature. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Zhou, J, Li, Z, Wang, Y & Chen, F 1970, 'Transparent Machine Learning—Revealing Internal States of Machine Learning', Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces 2013 Workshop on Interactive Machine Learning.

Zhu, H, Chuang, C-H, Li, C-S, Li, M-H, Lee, JE-Y & Li, S-S 1970, 'The effects of tight capacitive coupling on phase noise performance: A Lam&#x00E9;-mode MEMS oscillator study', 2013 Transducers & Eurosensors XXVII: The 17th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXVII), 2013 Transducers & Eurosensors XXVII: The 17th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXVII), IEEE.
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Zhu, H, Shan, GC, Tu, C & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Crystallographic and eigenmode dependence of TCf for single crystal silicon contour mode resonators', 2013 IEEE 26th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), 2013 IEEE 26th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), IEEE.
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Zhu, H, Tu, C & Lee, J 1970, 'Anomalous DC-current-induced attenuation of Q factor in a silicon contour mode micromechanical resonator', 2013 Joint European Frequency and Time Forum & International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFC), 2013 Joint European Frequency and Time Forum & International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFC), IEEE.
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Zhu, H, Tu, C & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Electronic tuning of Q and apparent TCf in a piezoresistive micromechanical resonator', 2013 IEEE 26th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), 2013 IEEE 26th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), IEEE.
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Zhu, T, Li, G, Ren, Y, Zhou, W & Xiong, P 1970, 'Differential privacy for neighborhood-based collaborative filtering', Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, ASONAM '13: Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining 2013, ACM, pp. 752-759.
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As a popular technique in recommender systems, Collaborative Filtering (CF) has received extensive attention in recent years. However, its privacy-related issues, especially for neighborhood-based CF methods, can not be overlooked. The aim of this study is to address the privacy issues in the context of neighborhood-based CF methods by proposing a Private Neighbor Collaborative Filtering (PNCF) algorithm. The algorithm includes two privacy-preserving operations: Private Neighbor Selection and Recommendation-Aware Sensitivity. Private Neighbor Selection is constructed on the basis of the notion of differential privacy to privately choose neighbors. Recommendation-Aware Sensitivity is introduced to enhance the performance of recommendations. Theoretical and experimental analysis are provided to show the proposed algorithm can preserve differential privacy while retaining the accuracy of recommendations. Copyright 2013 ACM.

Zhu, T, Li, G, Ren, Y, Zhou, W & Xiong, P 1970, 'Privacy Preserving for Tagging Recommender Systems', 2013 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence (WI) and Intelligent Agent Technologies (IAT), 2013 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence (WI) and Intelligent Agent Technologies (IAT), IEEE, pp. 81-88.
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Tagging recommender systems allow Internet users to annotate resources with personalized tags. The connection among users, resources and these annotations, often called a folksonomy, permits users the freedom to explore tags, and to obtain recommendations. Releasing these tagging datasets accelerates both commercial and research work on recommender systems. However, adversaries may re-identify a user and her/his sensitivity information from the tagging dataset using a little background information. Recently, several private techniques have been proposed to address the problem, but most of them lack a strict privacy notion, and can hardly resist the number of possible attacks. This paper proposes an private releasing algorithm to perturb users' profile in a strict privacy notion, differential privacy, with the goal of preserving a user's identity in a tagging dataset. The algorithm includes three privacy-preserving operations: Private Tag Clustering is used to shrink the randomized domain and Private Tag Selection is then applied to find the most suitable replacement tags for the original tags. To hide the numbers of tags, the third operation, Weight Perturbation, finally adds Laplace noise to the weight of tags We present extensive experimental results on two real world datasets, Delicious and Bibsonomy. While the personalization algorithm is successful in both cases. © 2013 IEEE.

Zhu, T, Xiong, P, Xiang, Y & Zhou, W 1970, 'An Effective Deferentially Private Data Releasing Algorithm for Decision Tree', 2013 12th IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, 2013 12th IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), IEEE, pp. 388-395.
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Differential privacy is a strong definition for protecting individual privacy in data releasing and mining. However, it is a rigid definition introducing a large amount of noise to the original dataset, which significantly decreases the quality of data mining results. Recently, how to design a suitable data releasing algorithm for data mining purpose is a hot research area. In this paper, we propose a differential private data releasing algorithm for decision tree construction. The proposed algorithm provides a non-interactive data releasing method through which miner can obtain the complete dataset for data mining purpose. With a given privacy budget, the proposed algorithm generalizes the original dataset, and then specializes it in a differential privacy constrain to construct decision trees. As the designed novel scheme selection operation can fully utilize the allocated privacy budget, the data set released by the proposed algorithm can yield better decision tree models than other method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods for private decision tree construction. © 2013 IEEE.

Zhu, X, Yu, Y, Ou, Y, Luo, D, Zhang, C & Chen, J 1970, 'System Modeling of a Smart-Home Healthy Lifestyle Assistant', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Workshop on Agents and Data Mining Interaction, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Valencia, Spain, pp. 65-78.
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A system modeling is presented for a Smart-home Healthy Lifestyle Assistant System (SHLAS), covering healthy lifestyle promotion by intelligently collecting and analyzing context information, executing control instruction and suggesting health plans for users. SHLAS is Multi-agent based. Each agent has three levels: the Goal Layer has business rules for representing agent goals; the Strategy Layer provides technical rules and processes for guiding how the agent reacts to events; the Component Layer is made up of components, some components are called by technical rules and processes in the Strategy Layer, some others are used for communicating with third party systems. This agent framework enables the customizability of agents in SHLAS. We also introduce an Ontology-based domain knowledge and context model to capture and represent the agents, and agent behavior which provides agents with reasoning ability. SHLAS helps users with healthy lifestyle promotion by tracking and analyzing their behaviors, and recommending health plans. The paper closes with an empirical evaluation of the approach from the point of view of customizability. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Zulkifli, NWM, Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH & Yunus, R 1970, 'The effect of temperature on tribological properties of chemically modified biobased lubricant', 5th World Tribology Congress, WTC 2013, pp. 143-146.