Publications

Castro, JL, Trillas, E & Zurita, JM 1998, Non-monotonic fuzzy reasoning.
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Fuzzy reasoning can provide techniques both for representing and managing the imprecision in commonsense reasoning. But, like human reasoning, it conduces to inconsistencies (inherent to the imprecise or incomplete knowledge) that might be solved in the frame of fuzzy logic, simulating human behavior. In this paper we analyze this kind of conflicts and propose a non-monotonic fuzzy logic in order to solve it. Moreover, we show that many (non-monotonic) human reasoning patterns can be modeled by means of this "non-monotonic fuzzy reasoning". © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

Gerber, R & Braun, R 1998, New Connections Telecommunications in a Changing South Africa, University of Cape Town Press (ZA).
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Written for students as well as business managers in telecommunications industries, this book investigates the telecommunications sector worldwide, and includes a detailed study of the South African perspective.

Schulte, J 1998, 'Bio-Information between Quantum and Continuum Physics' in Schulte, J & Endler, PC (eds), Fundamental Research in Ultra High Dilution and Homoeopathy, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, pp. 45-68.

Schulte, J 1998, 'Fundamental Research in Ultra High Dilutions' in Schulte, J & Endler, PC (eds), Fundamental Research in Ultra High Dilutions, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 3-7.

Schulte, J 1998, 'Information of Thyroxin Storage via Bipoloar Water' in Schulte, J & Endler, PC (eds), Fundamental Research in Ultra High Dilutions, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 155-188.

Abry, P & Veitch, D 1998, 'Wavelet analysis of long-range-dependent traffic', Information Theory, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 44, pp. 2-15.

Abry, P, Veitch, D & Flandrin, P 1998, 'Long-range Dependence: Revisiting Aggregation with Wavelets', Journal of Time Series Analysis, vol. 19, pp. 253-266.

Acharya, PD, Aryal, R & Lamichhane, J 1998, 'Adsorption Characteristics of Lissamine Red Dye on Ash in Aqueous solution', Journal of Nepal Chemical Society, vol. 1718, pp. 51-57.

Apkarian, P & Tuan, HD 1998, 'Parameterized LMIs in control theory', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 37TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-4, pp. 152-157.

Apkarian, P & Tuan, HD 1998, 'Robust control via concave minimization local and global algorithms', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 37TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-4, pp. 3855-3860.

Aslund, M, Canning, J & Bazylenko, M 1998, 'High-temperature stable gratings in germanosilicate planar waveguides', OPTICS LETTERS, vol. 23, no. 24, pp. 1898-1900.
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Atlasis, AF & Vasilakos, AV 1998, 'LB-SELA: rate-based access control for ATM networks', COMPUTER NETWORKS AND ISDN SYSTEMS, vol. 30, no. 9-10, pp. 963-980.
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Atlasis, AF, Saltouros, MP & Vasilakos, AV 1998, 'On the use of a stochastic estimator learning algorithm to the ATM routing problem: a methodology', COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 538-546.
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Atlasis, AF, Saltouros, MP, Stassinopoulos, GI & Vasilakos, AV 1998, 'An adaptive routing algorithm for ATM networks using a Learning Automaton', GLOBECOM 98: IEEE GLOBECOM 1998 - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-6, pp. 2669-2674.

Auzanneau, F & Ziolkowski, RW 1998, 'Microwave signal rectification using artificial composite materials composed of diode-loaded electrically small dipole antennas', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 1628-1637.
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Auzanneau, F & Ziolkowski, RW 1998, 'Theoretical study of synthetic bianisotropic materials', JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 353-370.
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Ball, JE & Luk, KC 1998, 'MODELING SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF RAINFALL OVER A CATCHMENT', JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 122-130.
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Ball, JE & Luk, KC 1998, 'Modelling the spatial variability of rainfall over a catchment', Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 122-130.
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Ball, JE, Jenks, R & Aubourg, D 1998, 'An assessment of the availability of pollutant constituents on road surfaces', The Science of the Total Environment, vol. 209, pp. 243-254.
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Bateman, D, Bird, T & Sanagavarapu, AM 1998, 'Asymptotic Approximation Of Some Integrals Involved In Efie Solutions Using The Method Of Moments', IEE Proceedings-microwaves Antennas And Propagation, vol. 145, no. 4, pp. 361-365.
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It is well known that, in electromagnetic-field analysis using the method of moments, the matrix-filling time can dominate the total solution time. Therefore, having an efficient means of calculating the elements of the matrix is important. Asymptotic an

Baweja, D, Roper, H & Sirivivatnanon, V 1998, 'Chloride-induced steel corrosion in concrete: Part 1 - Corrosion rates, corrosion activity, and attack areas', ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL, vol. 95, no. 3, pp. 207-217.

Bazylenko, MV, Moss, D & Canning, J 1998, 'Complex photosensitivity observed in germanosilica planar waveguides', OPTICS LETTERS, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 697-699.
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Besong, AA, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Stone, MH, Wroblewski, BM & Fisher, J 1998, 'Quantitative comparison of wear debris from UHMWPE that has and has not been sterilised by gamma irradiation', JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-BRITISH VOLUME, vol. 80B, no. 2, pp. 340-344.
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Boon, JR, Zekou, E, McGloin, D & Dunn, MH 1998, 'Prediction of inversionless gain in a mismatched Doppler-broadened medium', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 2560-2566.
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Butchart, K & Braun, RM 1998, 'Adaptive modulation scheme for Low Earth Orbit satellites', Proceedings of the South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, COMSIG, pp. 43-46.
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LEO satellites present widely varying signal conditions. Fixed modulation schemes are designed for the worst operating conditions and cannot take advantage of the better signal to noise conditions present at high elevations. An adaptive modulation scheme, which used different constellation patterns with trellis coded modulation and a Reed Solomon Code outer code is proposed. The system is tested under AWGN noise and Rician/Rayleigh fading conditions. The system is found to provide good performance in AWGN and moderate fading conditions.

Canning, J & Moss, D 1998, 'Grating-based transmission bandpass filters using dispersion-matched mode conversion', OPTICS LETTERS, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 174-176.
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Canning, J, Moss, D, Aslund, M & Bazylenko, M 1998, 'Negative index gratings in germanosilicate planar waveguides', ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 366-367.
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Center, JR, Nguyen, TV, Pocock, NA, Noakes, KA, Kelly, PJ, Eisman, JA & Sambrook, PN 1998, 'Femoral neck axis length, height loss and risk of hip fracture in males and females', OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 75-81.
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Chen, PH, Lai, JH & Lin, CT 1998, 'Application of fuzzy control to a road tunnel ventilation system', FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS, vol. 100, no. 1-3, pp. 9-28.
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Chong, NR, Burnett, IS & Chicharo, JF 1998, 'An Improved Decomposition Method For WI Using IIR Filter Banks', 5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, vol. 5, pp. 1799-1802.

Chong, NR, Burnett, IS, Chicharo, JF & Thomson, MM 1998, 'Use of the Pitch Synchronous Wavelet Transform as a New Decomposition Method for WI', IEEE Int Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Sig. Processing, vol. 1, pp. 513-516.
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Cucchiara, R, Neri, G & Piccardi, M 1998, 'A Real-time Hardware Implementation Of The Hough Transform', Journal Of Systems Architecture, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 31-45.
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The paper presents a hardware implementation of algorithms based on the Hough transform (HT) for real-time straight line detection. In particular, the basic HT on the edge points (EHT) and the Gradient-Weighted Hough transform (GWHT) for gray-level image

Cuthbert, J & Braun, RM 1998, 'Selection Of Multi-h Modulation Sets Using A Stochastic Search Algorithm', IEE Proceedings-communications, vol. 145, no. 1, pp. 41-46.
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Multi-h CPFSK modulation is simple to implement, spectrally efficient, and has inherent error correction properties. Multi-h requires large parameter sets to obtain high coding gain. Large numbers of combinations may need to be investigated. A fast effic

de Notaristefani, F, Iacopi, F, Leonetti, C, Maini, CL, Malatesta, T, Mali, P, Semprebene, A, Torrioli, S, Tuma, L & Vittori, F 1998, 'A YAP camera 40 x 40 mm(2) with fast readout electronics', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 2302-2308.
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Dvorak, SL, Ziolkowski, RW & Felsen, LB 1998, 'Hybrid analytical-numerical approach for modeling transient wave propagation in Lorentz media', JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 1241-1255.
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El-Ghundi, M, George, SR, Drago, J, Fletcher, PJ, Fan, T, Nguyen, T, Liu, C, Sibley, DR, Westphal, H & O'Dowd, BF 1998, 'Disruption of dopamine D1 receptor gene expression attenuates alcohol-seeking behavior', European Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 353, no. 2-3, pp. 149-158.
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The role of the dopamine D1 receptor subtype in alcohol-seeking behaviors was studied in mice genetically deficient in dopamine D1 receptors (D1-/-). In two-tube free choice limited (1-5 h) and continuous (24 h) access paradigms, mice were exposed to water and increasing concentrations of ethanol (3%, 6% and 12% w/v). Voluntary ethanol consumption and preference over water were markedly reduced in D1-/- mice as compared to heterozygous (D1+/-) and wild-type (D1+/+) controls, whereas overall fluid consumption was comparable. When offered a single drinking tube containing alcohol as their only source of fluid for 24 h, D1-/- mice continued to drink significantly less alcohol than D1+/+ and D1+/- mice. Dopamine D2 receptor blockade with sulpiride caused a small but significant reduction in alcohol intake and preference in D1+/+ mice and attenuated residual alcohol drinking in D1-/- mice. Dopamine D1 receptor blockade with SCH-23390 very effectively reduced alcohol intake in D1+/+ and D1+/- mice to the level seen in untreated D1-/- mice. These findings suggest involvement of both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mechanisms in alcohol-seeking behavior in mice; however, these implicate D1 receptors as having a more important role in the motivation for alcohol consumption. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

Fang, G & Dissanayake, MWMG 1998, 'A neural network-based method for time-optimal trajectory planning', ROBOTICA, vol. 16, pp. 143-158.
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Garcia, JE, Brandwood, A, Shannon, AG, Holleman, E, Kuck, EM, Vermeijden, JW & Hoekstra, JBL 1998, 'Incompatibility of insulin pens and cartridges (multiple letters) [5]', Lancet, vol. 351, no. 9105, pp. 832-833.

Gough, A, Sambrook, P, Devlin, J, Huissoon, A, Njeh, C, Robbins, S, Nguyen, T & Emery, P 1998, 'Osteoclastic activation is the principal mechanism leading to secondary osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis', JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 1282-1289.

Gough, A, Sambrook, P, Devlin, J, Lilley, J, Huisoon, A, Betteridge, J, Franklyn, J, Nguyen, T, Morrison, N, Eisman, J & Emery, P 1998, 'Effect of vitamin D receptor gene alleles on bone loss in early rheumatoid arthritis', JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 864-868.

Gowripalan, N & Mohamed, HM 1998, 'Chloride-ion induced corrosion of galvanized and ordinary steel reinforcement in high-performance concrete', CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 1119-1131.
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Ha, QP 1998, 'A fuzzy sliding mode controller for power system load-frequency control', 1998 SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON KNOWLEDGE-BASED INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS, KES'98 PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1, pp. 149-154.

Ha, QP, Nguyen, HQ, Rye, DC & Durrant-Whyte, HF 1998, 'Sliding mode control with fuzzy tuning for an electro-hydraulic position servo system', 1998 SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON KNOWLEDGE-BASED INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS, KES'98 PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1, pp. 141-148.

Hadgraft, RG 1998, 'Problem-based Learning: A Vital Step Towards a New Work Environment', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 14-23.

Harris, M, Nguyen, TV, Howard, GM, Kelly, PJ & Eisman, JA 1998, 'Genetic and environmental correlations between bone formation and bone mineral density: A twin study', BONE, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 141-145.
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He, S, Hintz, TB & Szewcow, U 1998, 'Replicated Shared Object Model For Edge Detection With Spiral Architecture', Parallel And Distributed Processing, vol. 1388, pp. 252-260.
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Edge detection in computer vision and image processing is a process which detects one kind of significant features appearing as discontinuities in intensities. A parallel edge detection algorithm based on Spiral Architeture is designed in this paper by a

He, S, Hintz, TB & Szewcow, U 1998, 'Replicated Shared Object Model For Parallel Edge Detection Algorithm Based On Spiral Architecture', Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 14, no. 5-6, pp. 341-350.
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Edge detection in computer vision and image processing is a process which detects one kind of significant feature in an image that appears as discontinuities in intensities. A parallel edge detection algorithm based on spiral architecture is designed in

Henderson, BA, Hart, M, Lal, S & Hunyor, SN 1998, 'The effect of home training with direct blood pressure biofeedback of hypertensives: A placebo-controlled study', Journal of Hypertension, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 771-778.
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Home training in self-lowering of blood pressure using continuous blood pressure feedback has not previously been reported. Enhancement of laboratory-learned skills was hypothesized on the basis of outcomes from other intellectual, emotional and physical endeavours. To examine the supplementary effect of home blood pressure biofeedback training. Thirty unmedicated, mild hypertensives participated in a randomized, double-blinded, modified contingency placebo-controlled study. After suitable screening and baseline blood pressure measurements subjects undertook eight laboratory biofeedback sessions and then 12 home training sessions over 4 weeks using continuous finger blood pressure monitoring. In the laboratory those being administered active therapy (n = 16) lowered systolic pressures by 5 +/- 5.4 mmHg compared with a lowering of 4 +/- 4.2 mmHg with placebo (NS), During the fourth week at home lowering for the active group (11 +/- 8 mmHg) was greater than that with placebo (4 +/- 6.2 mmHg, P = 0.017), Arm-cuff blood pressures were not statistically different for groups and with time but that of the active group was lower by 9 +/- 15.4/7 +/- 0.2 mmHg, which is a clinically relevant change, after home biofeedback. The efficacy of self-lowering of systolic blood pressure in mild hypertensives by continuous feedback was enhanced by 6 mmHg with 4 weeks of practice at home. Standard arm-cuff blood pressure was reduced by a clinically relevant amount The home environment proved cost effective for this 'high-tech' approach.

HILDING, JAIM & VEITCH, D 1998, 'UNDERSTANDING END-TO-END INTERNET TRAFFIC DYNAMICS.', GLOBECOM..., pp. 1118-1118.

HILDING, JAIM & VEITCH, D 1998, 'UNDERSTANDING END-TO-END INTERNET TRAFFIC DYNAMICS.', GLOBECOM..., pp. 1118-1118.

Hoffman, DM, Pallasser, R, Duncan, M, Nguyen, TV & Ho, KKY 1998, 'How is whole body protein turnover perturbed in growth hormone-deficient adults', JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM, vol. 83, no. 12, pp. 4344-4349.
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Hoffman, DM, Pallasser, R, Duncan, M, Nguyen, TV & Ho, KKY 1998, 'How is whole body protein turnover perturbed in growth hormone-deficient adults?', Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 83, no. 12, pp. 4344-4349.
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Adult patients with GH deficiency have reduced lean body mass (LBM), muscle mass, and muscle strength, suggesting an underlying abnormality of protein metabolism. As acute GH administration has previously been reported to decrease protein oxidation and increase protein synthesis in GH-deficient (GHD) adults, we investigated whether the converse might occur in untreated GH deficiency by undertaking studies of whole body protein turnover in 10 GHD and 13 normal subjects using a 3-h primed constant infusion of 1- [13C]leucine. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to quantify LBM and fat mass (FM). In normal subjects, LBM was the major, independent determinant of leucine appearance (Ra; r = 0.80; P = 0.0009), leucine oxidation (r = 0.81; P = 0.0008), and leucine incorporation into protein (r = 0.75; P = 0.003). However, in an analysis of covariance, FM was also a significant independent determinant of leucine Ra (P = 0.002) and leucine incorporation into protein (P = 0.003). After correcting for LBM and FM, GHD patients had significantly reduced rates of leucine Ra (109.9 ± 4.4 vs. 125.5 ± 3.7 μmol/min, respectively; P = 0.02) and leucine incorporation into protein (87.0 ± 3.9 vs. 100.3 ± 3.3 mmol/min; P = 0.02) compared to normal subjects. There was no significant difference in the corrected rates of leucine oxidation between the two groups (22.9 ± 1.3 vs. 25.2 ± 1.0, GHD vs. normal; P = 0.20). In summary, GHD adults have reduced rates of protein synthesis and protein breakdown, but normal rates of irreversible oxidative loss; these findings are discordant with what was predicted from the acute changes in protein metabolism observed with GH administration. We conclude that normalization of protein oxidation may be a homeostatic mechanism that operates to constrain protein loss in GHD adults.

Howard, G, Nguyen, T, Morrison, N, Watanabe, T, Sambrook, P, Eisman, J & Kelly, P 1998, 'Genetic influences on bone density: Physiological correlates of vitamin D receptor gene alleles in premenopausal women. Notification of genotype corrections', JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM, vol. 83, no. 3, pp. 1043-1043.
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Howard, GM, Nguyen, TV, Harris, M, Kelly, PJ & Eisman, JA 1998, 'Genetic and environmental contributions to the association between quantitative ultrasound and bone mineral density measurements: A twin study', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1318-1327.
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Huang, M & Eades, PD 1998, 'A Fully Animated Interactive System For Clustering And Navigating Huge Graphs', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1547, pp. 374-383.
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This paper-describes DA-TU, which combines an animated clustering and an online force-directed animated graph drawing method for the visualization of huge graphs.

Huang, M, Eades, PD & Cohen, R 1998, 'Webofdav - Navigating And Visualizing The Web On-line With Animated Context Swapping', Computer Networks And Isdn Systems, vol. 30, no. 1-7, pp. 638-642.
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This paper presents a novel navigation approach that helps the user, not only by providing a visual aid to guide the Web journey, but also by preserving the user's mental map [2] of the view while the user interactively navigates the Web by swapping of v

Huang, M, Eades, PD & Wang, J 1998, 'On-line Animated Visualization Of Huge Graphs Using A Modified Spring Algorithm', Journal Of Visual Languages And Computing, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 623-645.
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On-line graph drawing deals with huge graphs which are partially unknown. At any time, a tiny part of the graph is displayed on the screen. Examples include web graphs and graphs of links in distributed file systems. This paper discusses issues arising i

Huang, S & Zhang, S 1998, 'Structural properties of circulant composite systems', Zidonghua Xuebao/Acta Automatica Sinica, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 798-801.
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The structural properties of circulant composite systems is studied. It is shown that the structural controllability and existence of structurally fixed modes for such a system can be determined by the corresponding properties of its modified subsystem.

Huang, S & Zhang, S 1998, 'The solving of Riccati equations for large-scale systems with symmetric circulant structure', Kongzhi Lilun Yu Yingyong/Control Theory and Applications, vol. 15, no. 1.
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This paper discusses the solving of the algebraic Riccati equations and the Lyapunov matrix equations for large-scale systems with symmetric circulant structure. It is shown that the solving of the algebraic Riccati equations and the Lyapunov matrix equations for such a system can be simplified by solving N/2+1 independent equations of dimension N times smaller than the original equations. As an application, the problems of the linear quadratic optimal control and the robust linear quadratic optimal control for such a system can also be simplified.

Huang, SD & Zhang, SY 1998, 'Comments on 'Design of decentralized control for symmetrically interconnected systems'', AUTOMATICA, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 929-933.

Huynh, BP 1998, 'A numerical investigation of non-isothermal extrusion through annular dies', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 171-188.
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Indraratna, B & Redana, IW 1998, 'Development of the smear zone around vertical band drains', Ground Improvement, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 165-178.
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This study describes the effect of smear on the settlements of soft clay foundations which have been improved by installation of vertical drains. The smear zone propagation around a band-shaped drain was monitored using a large, radial drainage consolidometer. The test results reveal that a significant reduction in the horizontal permeability takes place towards the central drain, whereas the vertical permeability remains relatively unchanged. The estimated smear zone was about 3-4 times the cross-section area of the band-shaped drain (mandrel). In the analysis, the classical axisymmetric solution for consolidation by vertical drain has been converted into an equivalent 2D plane strain analysis. The plain strain model is subsequently applied to a number of embankments stabilized with vertical drains. It is revealed that the inclusion of smear effects improves the settlement prediction significantly.

Indraratna, B & Redana, IW 1998, 'Laboratory determination of smear zone due to vertical drain installation', JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, vol. 124, no. 2, pp. 180-184.
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Indraratna, B, Haque, A & Aziz, N 1998, 'Laboratory modelling of shear behaviour of soft joints under constant normal stiffness conditions', Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 17-44.
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Shear behaviour of regular sawtooth rock joints produced from casting plaster are investigated under constant normal stiffness (CNS) conditions. Test results obtained in this investigation are also compared with the constant normal load (CNL) tests. It is observed that the peak shear stress obtained under CNL conditions always underestimates the peak shear stress corresponding to the CNS condition. Plots of shear stress against normal stress show that a nonlinear (curved) strength envelope is acceptable for soft rock joints subjected to a CNS condition, in comparison with the linear or bilinear envelopes often proposed for a CNL condition. Models proposed by Patton (1966) and Barton (1973) have also been considered for the predictions of peak shear stress of soft joints under CNS conditions. Although Patton's model is appropriate for low asperity angles, it overestimates the shear strength in the low to medium normal stress range at higher asperity angles. In contrast, while Barton's model is realistic for the CNL condition, it seems to be inappropriate for modelling the shear behaviour of soft joints under CNS conditions. The effect of infill material on the shear behaviour of the model joints is also investigated, and it is found that a small thickness of bentonite infill reduces the peak stress significantly. The peak shear stress almost approached that of the shear strength of infill when the infill thickness to asperity height ratio (t/a) reached 1.40. This paper also introduces an original, empirical shear strength envelope to account for the change in normal stress and surface degradation during CNS shearing.

Indraratna, B, Ionescu, D & Christie, HD 1998, 'Smear behavior of railway ballast based on large-scale triaxial tests', JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, vol. 124, no. 5, pp. 439-449.
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Indraratna, B, Vafai, F & Haque, A 1998, 'Experimental and analytical modelling of filtration in granular media', Geotechnical Special Publication, no. 78, pp. 89-106.
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This study looks at both experimental and analytical modelling of filtration with regard to cohesionless (granular) filters. Initially, the paper discusses the experimental aspects of sand filters in the retention of a range of particle sizes of a lateritic base soil, and identifies a distinct demarcation between effective and ineffective filters. The effluent flow rate, filter permeability and specific particle sizes of base soil are considered to describe the filtration phenomenon. The mathematical model is developed on the basis of mass and momentum conservation principles applied to base soil particles eroding under a critical hydraulic gradient. The model is capable of predicting the amount of material eroded or retained within the base soil filter system at a given time. The filtration process is described by the time-dependent changes in particle size distribution curves, effluent flow rate, filter porosity and permeability.

Jahanfar, S, Eden, JA, Wang, XL, Wilcken, DEL & Nguyen, T 1998, 'The effect of genetical and environmental factors on lipids: A twin study', Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 5-9.
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To assess the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors (particularly androgens) on circulating levels of lipid fractions, serum androgen and lipid fractions were measured in 34 pairs of female-female twins aged from 15-45 years, some of whom were discordant for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosed by ultrasound. Nineteen pairs were monozygotic twins (MZ) and 15 pairs were dizygotic twins (DZ). Five pairs of MZ and 6 pairs of DZ were discordant for scan-PCO. We measured serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TRIG), lipoprotein (a) [LP(a)], and apolipoprotein B (apo B). Also, testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and 3α-androstanediol glucuronide (3α-diol G) levels were measured. Transabdominal ultrasound was performed. Serum levels of TC, HDL-C, TRIG, LP(a) and apo B in the twins with PCO were not significantly different from the levels in their matched co-twins with normal ovaries. There were no significant correlations between androgen-hormones including T, DHEAS and 3α-diol G with any of the lipid measurements. Body mass index (BMI) was positively correlated with TRIG, LP(a) (both p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with HDL-C (p < 0.001). SHBG was negatively correlated with TRIG and LP(a) and positively associated with HDL-C (p < 0.05). Insulin was significantly correlated with TRIG (p < 0.001) and negatively with HDL-C (p < 0.01). The MZ intraclass correlation exceeded that of the DZ for all the lipid variables measured. The heritability estimates for LP(a), apo B, TC and HDL-C were 0.95, 0.56, 0.48 and 0.54, respectively. However, the intraclass correlation coefficient for TRIG was not significantly different between MZ and DZ but maximum likelihood analysis indicated that at least 10% of the variance of circulating TRIG concentration is determined by genetic factors. We conclude that twins discordant for PCOS...

Ji, J & Yu, L 1998, 'Bifurcation of a two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear vibrating system subject to parametric excitation', Hsi-An Chiao Tung Ta Hsueh/Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 83-87.
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The non-linear response of a two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear vibrating system subject to parametric excitation is examined for a two to one internal resonance and one-half subharmonic parametric resonance. The method of multiple scales is used to determine the amplitude-and phase-modulation equations to the first order. The coupled mode steady-state solutions are obtained from the trivial solution through pitchfork bifurcation. The Melnikov method is used to study the global bifurcation behavior while the critical parameter is determined for which the dynamical system possesses a Smale horseshoe type of chaos.

Juang, CF & Lin, CT 1998, 'An on-line self-constructing neural fuzzy inference network and its applications', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 12-32.
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Kandasamy, JK & Melville, BW 1998, 'Maximum local scour depth at bridge piers and abutments', JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 183-198.
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Karaomerlioglu, DC 1998, 'Technology as a system: industrial and technological systems', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT, vol. 15, no. 6-7, pp. 681-690.
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Keenan, T, Glasson, K, Cummings, F, Bird, TS, Keeler, J & Lutz, J 1998, 'The BMRC/NCAR C-band polarimetric (C-POL) radar system', JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 871-886.
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Keenan, T, Glasson, K, Cummings, F, Bird, TS, Keeler, J & Lutz, J 1998, 'The BMRC/NCAR C-band polarimetric (C-POL) radar system', Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 871-886.
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The development of the first Australian C-band polarimetric/Doppler meteorological radar system (C-POL) is described. Motivated by the need to obtain improved rainfall estimation and the vertical profile of hydrometeors, C-POL was developed jointly by the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation of Australia, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. C-POL is based on a standard operational C-band radar employed by the BOM but modified to be capable of transmitting linear horizontal and vertical polarizations and receiving the co- and cross polarizations on a pulse-to-pulse basis. Standard variables extracted include horizontal reflectivity (ZHH), radial velocity (Vr), spectral width (συ), differential reflectivity (ZDR), differential phase shift (ΦDP), and zero lag correlation coefficient [ρHV(0)]. With the addition of a second receiver chain, the linear depolarization ratio will soon be available. Initial results with the radar are discussed to give examples of the data quality, as well as some of the problems inherent in using a C-band radar in the Tropics.

Kenney, TC, Reddi, LN & Indraratna, B 1998, 'Discussions and Closure: Analytical Model for Particle Migration within Base Soil-Filter System', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 124, no. 10, pp. 1044-1047.
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Khalili, N & Khabbaz, H 1998, 'A unique relationship for x for the determination of the shear strength of unsaturated soils', Geotechnique, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 681-687.
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Kirby, R & Cummings, A 1998, 'The impedance of perforated plates subjected to grazing gas flow and backed by porous media', JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION, vol. 217, no. 4, pp. 619-636.
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Kolakowski, LF, O'Neill, GP, Howard, AD, Broussard, SR, Sullivan, KA, Feighner, SD, Sawzdargo, M, Nguyen, T, Kargman, S, Shiao, LL, Hreniuk, DL, Tan, CP, Evans, J, Abramovitz, M, Chateauneuf, A, Coulombe, N, Ng, G, Johnson, MP, Tharian, A, Khoshbouei, H, George, SR, Smith, RG & O'Dowd, BF 1998, 'Molecular characterization and expression of cloned human galanin receptors GALR2 and GALR3', Journal of Neurochemistry, vol. 71, no. 6, pp. 2239-2251.
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Galanin is a 29- or 30-amino acid peptide with wide-ranging effects on hormone release, feeding behavior, smooth muscle contractility, and somatosensory neuronal function. Three distinct galanin receptor (GALR) subtypes, designated GALR1,2, and 3, have been cloned from the rat. We report here the cloning of the human GALR2 and GALR3 genes, an initial characterization of their pharmacology with respect to radioligand binding and signal transduction pathways, and a profile of their expression in brain and peripheral tissues. Human GALR2 and GALR3 show, respectively, 92 and 89% amino acid sequence identity with their rat homologues. Radioligand binding studies with 125I-galanin show that recombinant human GALR2 binds with high affinity to human galanin (K(D) = 0.3 nM). Human GALR3 binds galanin with less affinity (IC50 of 12 nM for porcine galanin and 75 nM for human galanin). Human GALR2 was shown to couple to phospholipase C and elevation of intracellular calcium levels as assessed by aequorin luminescence in HEK-293 cells and by Xenopus melanophore pigment aggregation and dispersion assays, in contrast to human GALR1 and human GALR3, which signal predominantly through inhibition of adenylate cyclase. GALR2 mRNA shows a wide distribution in the brain (mammillary nuclei, dentate gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and posterior hypothalamic, supraoptic, and arcuate nuclei), and restricted peripheral tissue distribution with highest mRNA levels detected in human small intestine. In comparison, whereas GALR3 mRNA was expressed in many areas of the rat brain, there was abundant expression in the primary olfactory cortex, olfactory tubercle, the islands of Calleja, the hippocampal CA regions of Ammon's horn, and the dentate gyrus. GALR3 mRNA was highly expressed in human testis and was detectable in adrenal gland and pancreas. The genes for human GALR2 and 3 were localized to chromosomes 17q25 and 22q12.2-13.1, respectively.

Krunz, M, Zhao, W & Matta, I 1998, 'Scheduling and bandwidth allocation for the distribution of archived video in VOD systems', TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, vol. 9, no. 3-4, pp. 335-355.
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Krunz, MM & Makowski, AM 1998, 'Modeling video traffic using M/G/infinity input processes: A compromise between Markovian and LRD models', IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 733-748.
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Kwon, D & Vigneswaran, S 1998, 'Influence Of Particle Size And Surface Charge On Critical Flux Of Crossflow Microfiltration', Water Science And Technology, vol. 38, no. 4-5, pp. 481-488.
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The effect of particle size and ionic strength of the feed suspension on critical flux was studied. The critical flux was defined in two different ways (strong and mild definition). The fouling, the increase of resistance (which is the basis of the mild definition of the critical flux) was relatively sensitive to the deposition of particles of 0.46 μm on the membrane of 0.2 μm mean pore. On the other hand, the deposition of large particles of 3.2 μm to a certain value on the membrane surface of 0.2 μm mean pore did not lead to the increase in resistance. In case of 11.9 μm particles, the transmembrane pressure did not increase even with significant amount of deposition of particles. The ionic strength of suspension had significant effect on the critical flux. For an ionic strength less than 1Ã10â1.5 M, there was a decrease in the critical flux. This could be due to the dense layer of deposit which is the result of less diffuse layer thickness of particles. Above this ionic strength, a significant increase in critical flux was noticed which may be due to the aggregation of particles.

Lakatos, L, Hutvagner, GJ & Banfalvi, Z 1998, 'Potato protein kinase StCPK1: a putative evolutionary link between CDPKs and CRKs', Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta-Gene Structure And Expression, vol. 1442, no. 2-3, pp. 101-108.
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Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) in plants are characterized by a four-domain structure including conserved sequences in the catalytic domain, and in the C-terminal calmodulin-like domain. Based on this conservation we have PCR amplified and iso

Lal, S, Henderson, BA, Carter, N, Bath, A, Hart, M, Langeluddecke, P & Hunyor, SN 1998, 'Effect Of Feedback Signal And Psychological Characteristics On Blood Pressure Self-manipulation Capability', Psychophysiology, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 405-412.
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Blood pressure presentation mode and personality are likely to influence biofeedback outcome. Thirty-six normotensive subjects were randomly assigned to visual or auditory continuous systolic feedback. Distracting speech and broad band noise were also su

LAL, SKL, HENDERSON, RJ, CARTER, N, BATH, A, HART, MG, LANGELUDDECKE, P & HUNYOR, SN 1998, 'Effect of feedback signal and psychological characteristics on blood pressure self-manipulation capability', Psychophysiology, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 405-412.
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Lee, KY & Dissanayake, MWMG 1998, 'Numerical solution for a near-minimum-time trajectory for two coordinated manipulators', ENGINEERING OPTIMIZATION, vol. 30, no. 3-4, pp. 227-247.
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Li, H, Fane, TG, Coster, H & Vigneswaran, S 1998, 'Direct Observation Of Particle Deposition On The Membrane Surface During Crossflow Microfiltration', Journal Of Membrane Science, vol. 149, no. 1, pp. 83-97.
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In the crossflow microfiltration of particles, a deposit cake layer tends to form on the membrane and this usually controls the performance of the filtration process. This paper presents observations of particle deposition on membrane surfaces using a non-invasive, in situ, continuous direct observation through the membrane (DOTM) technique. The particles used in the experiments were typical of microfiltration processes, yeast (mean diameter 5 μm) and latex beads (3, 6.4 and 12 μm). The filtration tests were conducted in the imposed flux mode, so that the flux could be controlled at, below, or above the âcritical fluxâ. Below the critical flux, the particle deposition was negligible; near the critical flux the particle deposition was significant; and above the critical flux, particle layers were formed on the membrane surface. Rolling of the particles was observed during the filtration of 6.4 μm latex near the critical flux whereas a flowing cake layer was observed during the filtration of 3 μm latex. The particle size distribution of the deposited particles changed with the crossflow velocity, with smaller particles deposited on the membrane at higher crossflow velocity. Comparison of the normalised flux (J/ÎP) with the membrane area coverage by the particles revealed that for filtration of latex particles âflux percentage (with respect to the clean membrane)❠was marginally greater than the percentage of uncovered membrane area, whereas for filtration of yeast, the âflux percentage❠was significantly less than the uncovered area percentage due to the deposition of smaller cell debris species. This paper demonstrates that DOTM is a powerful technique for the study of fundamentals of particle deposition and interactions between the particles and the membrane.

Li, QS, Fang, JQ, Liu, DK & Jeary, AP 1998, 'Vibration analysis of tall buildings with narrow rectangular plane configuration', STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF TALL BUILDINGS, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 307-322.
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Li, QS, Fang, JQ, Liu, DK & Jeary, AP 1998, 'Vibration analysis of tall buildings with narrow rectangular plane configuration', Structural Design of Tall Buildings, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 307-322.
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In this paper, tall buildings of narrow rectangular plane configuration are treated as one-step or multi-step cantilever flexural-shear plates for the analysis of their free vibrations. The governing differential equations for the vibration of flexural-shear plates considering the effects of both flexural and shear deformation are established. The general solutions for one-step flexural-shear plates are derived and used to obtain the eigenvalue equation for multi-step cantilever flexural-shear plates. A new exact approach is presented which combines the transfer matrix method and a closed-form solution for a uniform flexural-shear plate. A numerical example demonstrates that the calculated natural frequencies and mode shapes of a tall building are in good agreement with the experimentally measured data. It is also shown that the effect of shear deformation on the fundamental natural frequency can be ignored, but its effect on the higher natural frequencies should be considered. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Liang, T & Ziolkowski, RW 1998, 'Dispersion effects on grating-assisted output couplers under ultrafast pulse excitations', MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 17-23.
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Liang, T & Ziolkowski, RW 1998, 'Grating assisted waveguide-to-waveguide couplers', IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 693-695.
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Liang, T & Ziolkowski, RW 1998, 'Grating assisted waveguide-to-waveguide couplers', IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 693-695.
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A new radiation-type waveguide-to-waveguide coupler is proposed. The coupling is realized through gratings embedded on the dielectric waveguides involved. Compared to the conventional hybrid-mode coupler, this type of coupler has advantages in that the two waveguides can be quite dissimilar as well as being separated by large distances. It is demonstrated that the coupling performance of this radiation-type coupler can be enhanced significantly by using photonic bandgap (PBG) structures.

Liang, T & Ziolkowski, RW 1998, 'Ultrafast pulsed mode effects on the performance of grating-assisted output couplers of finite extent', OPTICS LETTERS, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 469-471.
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Lin, CT & Kan, MC 1998, 'Adaptive fuzzy command acquisition with reinforcement learning', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 102-121.
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Lin, CT, Jou, CP & Lin, CJ 1998, 'GA-based reinforcement learning for neural networks', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 233-247.
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Lu, R & Ying, M 1998, 'A Model Of Reasoning About Knowledge', Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 527-534.
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A modal logical language and its Kripke semantics and Aumann semantics are introduced. A complete for mal deduction system is established to describe reasoning about knowledge in multi-agent systems involving different languages, and an institution of lo

Marchese, A, Nguyen, T, Malik, P, Xu, S, Cheng, R, Xie, Z, Heng, HHQ, George, SR, Kolakowski, LF & O'Dowd, BF 1998, 'Cloning genes encoding receptors related to chemoattractant receptors', Genomics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 281-286.
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We report the cloning of a novel human gene (GPR32) encoding a putative G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) of 356 amino acids and a related pseudogene ψGPR32. The deduced amino acid sequence of GPR32 shares 35-39% identity with members of the chemoattractant receptor family. ψGPR32 shares 93% nucleotide identity with GPR32. We identified a mouse EST encoding a putative GPCR (GPR33) of 309 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of GPR33 shares 30-35% identity with members of the chemoattractant receptor family and 36% identity with the receptor encoded by GPR32. The human orthologue of GPR33 contains a single basepair substitution with respect to the mouse, resulting in the presence of an in-frame stop codon within the predicted second intracellular loop, demonstrating that it is a pseudogene. Through fluorescence in situ hybridization and physical mapping of YACs, both GPR32 and ψGPR32 were mapped to chromosomal 19, region q13.3, while ψGPR33 was mapped to chromosome 14q12.

McGloin, D, Simpson, NB & Padgett, MJ 1998, 'Transfer of orbital angular momentum from a stressed fiber-optic waveguide to a light beam', APPLIED OPTICS, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 469-472.
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Ngo, H & Vigneswaran, S 1998, 'Process Optimisation Of A Combined System Of Floating Medium And Sand Filter In Prawn Farm Effluent Treatment', Water Science And Technology, vol. 38, no. 4-5, pp. 87-93.
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A treatment technology known as "a combined system of floating medium and sand filter (FMSF)" was developed and tested successfully with prawn farm effluent. This system has a remarkable techno-economical advantages. Laboratory and semi pilot-scale studies were carried out to optimise the filter bed depth, backwash method and other operating conditions. The dewatering characteristics of sludge from filter backwash was also analysed. The filter was operated at a high rate. The experimental results indicated that: (i) in case of no in-line chemical addition, the smaller ratio between floating medium and sand filter depth gave rise better filter performance. At the filtration rate of 7.5 - 20 m3/m2.h and with an in-line chemical addition, the suitable depth of floating medium varied from 400-1000 mm for a sand filter depth of 400 mm; (ii) frequent (once in every 90-120 minutes) but short duration of backwash (not more than 60 seconds) was found to be suitable. During the backwash, the water and air were sent for 30 seconds in upward direction and then followed with upflow of water for another 30 seconds. Backwash water amount comprised only 1.2-1.8% of the filtered water production. A mechanical backwash system using rotating paddles is a promising alternative for floating medium filter; and (iii) the filterability of the sludge from filter backwash was low in case of no in-line chemical addition (specific resistance, r = 9.34 1010 m/kg) but improved with in-line flocculant addition (r = 3.07 109 - 1.29 1010 m/kg).

Nguyen, TV 1998, 'Science in Vietnam', SCIENCE, vol. 280, no. 5366, pp. 987-987.

Nguyen, TV 1998, 'Science in Vietnam [4]', Science, vol. 280, no. 5366, p. 986.

Nguyen, TV & Eisman, JA 1998, 'Does postmenopausal bone loss occur in two phases?', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1350-1351.
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Nguyen, TV, Howard, GM, Kelly, PJ & Eisman, JA 1998, 'Bone mass, lean mass, and fat mass: Same genes or same environments?', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, vol. 147, no. 1, pp. 3-16.

Nguyen, TV, Sambrook, PN & Eisman, JA 1998, 'Bone loss, physical activity, and weight change in elderly women: The Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 1458-1467.
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O'Dowd, BF, Nguyen, T, Marchese, A, Cheng, R, Lynch, KR, Heng, HHQ, Kolakowski, LF & George, SR 1998, 'Discovery of three novel G-protein-coupled receptor genes', Genomics, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 310-313.
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We report here the molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and chromosomal localization of novel genes encoding G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). A search of a mouse database of expressed sequence tags revealed an EST partially encoding a GPCR, which was used to screen a mouse genomic library to obtain the translational open reading frame (ORF). The resultant clone, GPR27, contained an intronless ORF, encoding a receptor of 379 amino acids. In an alternate strategy, human genomic DNA was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, using degenerate oligonucleotides based on GPR1. Two PCR products partially encoding GPCRs were isolated and used to screen a genomic library to obtain the translational ORF. One of the resultant clones, GPR30, contained an intronless ORF encoding a receptor of 375 amino acids. The other clone, GPR35, also contained an intronless ORF encoding a receptor of 309 amino acids. Transcripts corresponding to GPR27 and GPR30 were detected in several areas of human and rat CNS, while GPR35 expression was detected only in the rat intestine. Through fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis the gene encoding GPR30 was localized to chromosome 7p22 and GPR35 to chromosome 2q37.3.

Ono, E, Hosoe, S, Tuan, HD & Doi, S 1998, 'Bifurcation in vehicle dynamics and robust front wheel steering control', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 412-420.
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Oppermann, I & Grant, C 1998, 'Performance of a CDMA System with an Adaptive Receiver and a New Family of Complex Valued Spreading Sequences', Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 7, no. 2-3, pp. 111-134.
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This paper presents the results of a capacity evaluation for a direct-sequence (DS), code-division, multiple access (CDMA) system over both an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and a Rayleigh fading channel. The system considered uses an adaptive receiver. The performance of sets of sequences from various binary and complex valued families is examined. The performance of the system is measured in terms of the total efficiency, and it is shown that the new sequence sets offer higher system capacity and lower signal-to-noise power spectral density ratios.

Oppermann, I, van Rooyen, P & Vucetic, B 1998, 'Effect of sequence selection on MAI suppression in limited spreading CDMA systems', WIRELESS NETWORKS, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 471-478.
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Oughstun, KE & Ziolkowski, RW 1998, 'Mathematics and modeling in modern optics', JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 1238-1238.
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Parfitt, AJ & Bird, TS 1998, 'Computation of aperture antenna mutual coupling using FDTD and Kirchhoff field transformation', ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 1167-1168.
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Parry, JJ, Burnett, IS & Chicharo, JF 1998, 'Using Linguistic Knowledge to Improve the Design of Low-Rate LSF quantisation', Proceedings of 5th Int. Conf. Spoken Language Processing, vol. 6, pp. 2599-2602.

Peiris, P, Bailey, J, Ngo, H & Vigneswaran, S 1998, 'Bacterial Removal From Secondary Sewage Effluent By A Combined Downflow Floating Medium Flocculatorperprefilter And Sand Filter', Indian Journal Of Engineering And Materials Sciences, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 217-222.
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semi pilot-scale study conducted with the combined downflow floating medium flocculatorperprefilter and sand filter indicated that, it is an effective filter system for removing bacteria from the secondary sewage effluent. Since the filter system can rem

Qiu, X, Hansen, CH & Li, X 1998, 'A comparison of near-field acoustic error sensing strategies for the active control of harmonic free field sound radiation', JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION, vol. 215, no. 1, pp. 81-103.
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Randell, AG, Bhalerao, N, Nguyen, TV, Sambrook, PN, Eisman, JA & Silverman, SL 1998, 'Quality of life in osteoporosis: Reliability, consistency, and validity of the osteoporosis assessment questionnaire', JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1171-1179.

Reuben, AJ & Shannon, AG 1998, 'Ellipses, cardioids, and penrose tiles', Fibonacci Quarterly, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 45-54.

Robertson, TJ 1998, 'Shoppers and Tailors: Participative Practices in Small Australian Design Companies', Computer Supported Cooperative Work: the journal of collaborative computing, vol. 7, no. 3-4, pp. 205-221.
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The focus of this paper is the relations between the work practices and technology needs of small Australian design companies and the discourses of Participatory Design. Because these companies use off-the-shelf technology, these relations are shaped not just by factors specific to company size, but also by the geographic and cultural separation between the situation of use and the situation of design. User participation focuses on shopping decisions, and the fitting of purchased technology to the local work situation. While many aspects of job design can be extremely flexible within small companies, participation in the design of computer systems is bounded by the available products and the options for continuing design-in-use that are embedded within them. The paper starts from the recognition that participative practices are important in the design of any job. From this perspective the discourses of Participatory Design that are relevant to small companies are those that support the participative design of work, irrespective of the national or industrial location of the people involved.

Saban, D & Braun, RM 1998, 'Multi-carrier direct sequence CDMA in fading situations', Proceedings of the South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, COMSIG, pp. 33-38.
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A multicarrier direct sequence code division multiple access (MC-DS-CDMA) technique is proposed for point-to-multipoint communication systems. Time delays and related interference phenomenon are discussed and multicarrier techniques for mitigating multipath effects are highlighted. An independent two-ray multipath model is used for determining the major channel effects that influence multicarrier DS-CDMA. In particular, time dispersion and frequency distortion are examined in terms of their effect on multicarrier modulation schemes. Empirical simulated analysis is presented for additive white gaussian and multipath channels in order to highlight the bandwidth efficiency, interference generation and the bit error rate (BER) of multicarrier DS-CDMA under selected multipath configurations. Coding strategies are discussed for mitigating multipath induced errors and their expense on the bandwidth efficiency is emphasized.

Saban, G & Braun, RM 1998, 'Wireless local loop and packet radio technology for developing communities', Proceedings of the South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, COMSIG, pp. 1-6.
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In developing countries there is an increasing demand for telecommunications and Internet access. The current problem, especially in Africa, is to find solutions which can provide underdeveloped countries with a satisfactory network. This requires a relatively fast roll-out at low-cost. Modern wireless system claim to offer quick and easy deployment. However, in many cases the wireless system deployment is delayed because adequate radio plans have to be designed, and they are not optimized for Internet and computer communications. Multihop packet radio can offer computer communication in an easily deployable ad-hoc wireless network which does not require frequency planning. However, voice traffic is not easily implemented on packet radio networks due to the bursty and delayed traffic characteristics. A multihop packer radio network is proposed which offers voice and Internet communications.

Seaman, B & Braun, RM 1998, 'Using cyclostationarity in the modulation classification of analogue signals', Proceedings of the South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, COMSIG, pp. 261-266.
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This paper discusses the feasibility of using cyclostationarity for modulation classification. It concentrates on AM modulation types. The effect of noise on the resulting signals is investigated. The conclusion is that cyclostationarity looks promising as a part of the process that implements modulation recognition.

Shannon, AG 1998, 'Incompatibility of insulin pens and cartridges', LANCET, vol. 351, no. 9105, pp. 833-833.
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Simpson, NB, McGloin, D, Dholakia, K, Allen, L & Padgett, MJ 1998, 'Optical tweezers with increased axial trapping efficiency', JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS, vol. 45, no. 9, pp. 1943-1949.

Sleiman, RJ, Catchpoole, DR & Stewart, BW 1998, 'Drug-induced death of leukaemic cells after G2/M arrest: Higher order DNA fragmentation as an indicator of mechanism', British Journal of Cancer, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 40-50.
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Many reports have documented apoptotic death in different cell types within hours of exposure to cytotoxic drugs; lower drug concentrations may cause cell cycle arrest at G2/M and subsequent death, which has been distinguished from 'classic' apoptosis. We have analysed etoposide-induced cell death in two lymphoblastoid T-cell lines, CCRF-CEM and MOLT-4, specifically in relation to DNA cleavage as indicated by pulse-field gel and conventional electrophoresis. High (5 μM) concentration etoposide causes 50-kb cleavage of DNA that occurs at the same time as apoptotic morphology and internucleosomal cleavage. At lower concentrations (0.5-0.05 μM), sequential change may be discerned with altered gene expression being similar to that at high dose, but preceding cell cycle arrest and 50-kb cleavage. These last changes, in turn, clearly precede internucleosomal fragmentation of DNA, vital dye staining and morphological evidence cell death. The pattern of higher order fragmentation constitutes a sensitive indicator of commitment to cell death in these cells. Morphological evidence of cell death is associated with internucleosomal fragmentation in one of the lines, but the pattern of 50-kb DNA cleavage provides the clearest evidence of commonality in death processes occurring at low and high drug concentration.

Sriwongsitanon, N, Ball, JE & Cordery, I 1998, 'An investigation of the relationship between the flood wave speed and parameters in runoff-routing models', HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 197-213.
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Sriwongsitanon, N, Cordery, N & Ball, JE 1998, 'Improvement of storage-discharge relationships for runoff-routing models', Australian Journal of Water Resources, vol. 2, pp. 77-88.

Sutton, GJ & Bitmead, RR 1998, 'Experiences with Model Predictive Control applied to a nonlinear constrained submarine', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 37TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-4, pp. 1370-1375.

Tellambura, C, Guo, YJ & Barton, SK 1998, 'Channel estimation using aperiodic binary sequences', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 140-142.
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Estimating a channel impulse response using a known aperiodic sequence is considered. The problem can be reduced to minimizing the trace of the inverse of a Toeplitz matrix. An efficient algorithm for computing this trace is developed and optimal binary sequences up to length 32 are found and tabulated. The use of complementary sequences in this context is also investigated. It is shown that the eigenvalues of the autocorrelation matrices of a pair of complementary sequences sum to a known constant.

Tews, A & Lister, R 1998, 'Self-organisation in a simple pursuit game', Complexity International, vol. 6.
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This paper concerns dynamic team formation in multi-agent systems, where each agent determines its own action by observing the other agents. The test bed is a simple pursuit game. Identical mobile agents learn to form teams to most effectively catch individual stationary targets. The decision-making component is not manually encoded, but instead it self-learns, without an external teacher, by the method of temporal differences. Agents do not negotiate, nor do they explicitly form or communicate commitments. Instead, agents determine their own actions by a behaviourist approach: they reason only from the relative positions of other agents, not from an interpretation of the intent of those other agents. Experimental results demonstrate that the agents do coordinate their activities, by forming teams, In this paper, self-organisation is manifested in three forms: the formation of teams by the pursuer agents, the temporal difference algorithm by which agents learn to cooperate, and in the representation of the learnt knowledge as the weights in a perception.

Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Cove, JH, Todd, NJ & Kerr, KG 1998, 'Survival and multiplication of Burkholderia cepacia within respiratory epithelial cells', Clinical Microbiology and Infection, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 450-459.
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Objective: To investigate the ability of both clinical and environmental strains of Burkholderia cepacia, along with control strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, to invade a respiratory epithelial cell line, A549. Methods and Results: Using a double immunofluorescence labeling technique, a clinical strain of B. cepacia, C1359, and the clonally related strains A509 and J2315, were shown to invade A549 cells at a high level (2-8% A549 cells invaded) compared to environmental strains of B. cepacia NCTC 10661 and NCTC 10743 (0.5-1% of A549 cells invaded). Control strains of P. aeruginosa PAO1 and E. coli C600 did not appear to be able to invade respiratory epithelial cells using this method. Ceftazidime protection assays revealed that B. cepacia C1359 and NCTC 10743 were able to survive and multiply within A549 cells for > 24 h. In contrast, B. cepacia NCTC 10661, P. aeruginosa PAO1 and E. coli C600 failed to multiply within A549 cells, showing a significant decrease in numbers after 24 h. Conclusions: The ability to survive and multiply within respiratory epithelial cells may be an important virulence factor of B. cepacia infection in cystic fibrosis.

Tuan, HD & Apkarian, P 1998, 'Relaxations of parameterized LMIs with control applications', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 37TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-4, pp. 1747-1752.

Tuan, HD & Hosoe, S 1998, 'On robust H-infinity control for nonlinear discrete and sampled-data systems', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 715-718.
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van Rooyen, P, Kohno, R & Oppermann, I 1998, 'DS-CDMA performance with maximum ratio combining and antenna arrays', WIRELESS NETWORKS, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 479-488.
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Venayagamoorthy, GK, Moonasar, V & Sandrasegaran, K 1998, 'Voice recognition using neural networks', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 SOUTH AFRICAN SYMPOSIUM ON COMMUNICATIONS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, pp. 29-32.
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Voinov, AA 1998, 'Paradoxes of sustainability', ZHURNAL OBSHCHEI BIOLOGII, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 209-218.

Voinov, AA, Fitz, HC & Costanza, R 1998, 'Surface water flow in landscape models: I. Everglades case study', ECOLOGICAL MODELLING, vol. 108, no. 1-3, pp. 131-144.
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Wang, N & Xu, G 1998, 'Novel method using light scattering energy spectrum for particle size analysis', Zhongguo Jiguang/Chinese Journal of Lasers, vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 897-900.
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Based on the light scattering principle, a new method for measuring the particle size and distribution was proposed. The new method is different from the traditional light scattering laser particle sizers. It adopts a white light as the light source and only collects the scattered light energy signal within one solid angle. The particle diameter and its size distribution are acquired from the inversion calculation. The theoretical analysis, numerical simulation as well as the experimental investigation of the new method were given.

Wang, YJ & Lin, CT 1998, 'A second-order learning algorithm for multilayer networks based on block Hessian matrix', NEURAL NETWORKS, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 1607-1622.
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Wang, YJ & Lin, CT 1998, 'Runge-Kutta neural network for identification of dynamical systems in high accuracy', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 294-307.
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Weily, AR & Sanagavarapu, AM 1998, 'Full Two-port Analysis Of Coaxial-probe-fed Te01 And He11 Mode Dielectric Resonator Filters Using Fdtd', Microwave And Optical Technology Letters, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 149-154.
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A wideband full two-port end-to-end characterization for single-mode and hybrid-mode coaxial-probe-fed dielectric resonator filter configurations is presented using FDTD and matrix-pencil signal extrapolation. Modal extraction techniques for unmatched po

Ying, M 1998, 'Compactness In Fuzzy Logic', Chinese Science Bulletin, vol. 43, no. 14, pp. 1166-1171.
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Compactness in Pavelka's fuzzy logic for some compact lattices of truth values is shown, and the concept of gradual compactness is introduced to establish some corresponding results in a more general setting.

Ying, M & Bouchon-Meunier, B 1998, 'Approximate Reasoning With Linguistic Modifiers', International Journal of Intelligent Systems, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 403-418.
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We analyze the influence of some usual linguistic modifiers, such as scalar product, normalization, Bouchon-Meunier modifiers, perturbation, and (weakening and reinforcement) power, in the process of approximate reasoning and clarify the difference betwe

Zhou, JL, Fileman, TW, Evans, S, Donkin, P, Llewellyn, C, Readman, JW, Mantoura, RFC & Rowland, SJ 1998, 'Fluoranthene and pyrene in the suspended particulate matter and surface sediments of the Humber estuary, UK', MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 587-597.
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Zhou, JL, Fileman, TW, House, WA, Long, JLA, Mantoura, RFC, Meharg, AA, Osborn, D & Wright, J 1998, 'Fluxes of organic contaminants from the river catchment into, through and out of the Humber estuary, UK', MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN, vol. 37, no. 3-7, pp. 330-342.

Zhou, JL, Huang, PL & Lin, RG 1998, 'Sorption and desorption of Cu and Cd by macroalgae and microalgae', ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 67-75.
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Zhu, J & Ramsden, VS 1998, 'Improved Formulations For Rotational Core Losses In Rotating Electrical Machines', IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 2234-2242.
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This paper presents the measurement and modeling of rotational core losses in electrical steel sheets and rotating electrical machines. Novel formulations of rotational hysteresis, eddy current, and excess losses in electrical sheet steels with circular

Ziolkowski, RW & Gogny, DM 1998, 'Cavity modifications of nuclear internal conversion rates – abstract', Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 675-676.
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We extend the principles of cavity quantum electrodynamics to nuclei inside low-loss cavities. The resulting nucleus-cavity system exhibits spontaneous emission and internal conversion rates which differ radically from those of the individual components. The quantum mechanical derivations of these rates are given. The internal conversion process occurs via the exchange of a virtual photon between an excited nucleus and an electron bound to that nucleus. Even though the photon is virtual, partial suppression of the internal conversion process is shown to be theoretically possible. With a controlled modification of the internal conversion rate using a high- Q cavity, one can achieve a number of potentially interesting applications including an excited nuclear state containment unit, a nuclear battery, and a neutron detector. © Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications. All rights reserved.

Zoysa, AKN, Loganathan, P & Hedley, MJ 1998, 'Effect of forms of nitrogen supply on mobilisation of phosphorus from a phosphate rock and acidification in the rhizosphere of tea', Australian Journal of Soil Research, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 373-387.
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Nitrogen (N) is the main fertiliser input to tea plantations because of the large removal of this element with regular harvests of young shoots in the field. The form of N supply is known to influence the uptake of other plant nutrients, notably phosphorus (P), through its effect on soil pH in the rhizosphere. A glasshouse study was conducted to test the effect of N form (NH4/+, NO3/-, or both) on the transformation of soil P in the rhizosphere and its availability to tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plants fertilised with sparingly soluble Eppawala phosphate rock (EPR). Four-month-old tea (TRI 2025) plants were grown in rhizosphere study containers containing an Ultisol from Sri Lanka (pH 4.5 in water) amended with EPR and KCl at 200 μg P or K/g soil, and mixed with (NH4)2SO4 (100% NH4/+-N), NH4NO3 (50% NH4/+-N and 50% NO3/--N), and Ca(NO3)2 (100% NO3/--N) at the rate of 200 μg N/g soil, with a control (no N fertiliser), as treatments. Rhizosphere pH decreased compared with the bulk soil when N was supplied as NH4/+ or NH4/+-NO3/- forms, and increased when N was supplied as NO3/-. The cation-anion balance estimations in the plants showed that the plants had taken up more NO3/- than NH4/+ even in (NH4)2SO4 treated soil, suggesting high nitrification rates, especially in the rhizosphere, in spite of using a nitrification inhibitor. More EPR dissolved in the rhizosphere compared with that in the bulk soil, regardless of the N form applied. The (NH4)2SO4 treatment had the highest dissolution rate of EPR in the rhizosphere, whereas Ca(NO3)2 treatment had the lowest, reflecting the degree of acidification in the rhizosphere. Resin-P and NaOH-P(i) (inorganic P) concentrations were lower and NaOH-P(o) (organic P) concentration was higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil. Plant and possible microbial uptake of P is the main reason for the decrease in resin-P and NaOH-P(i). The increase in NaOH-P(o) concentration in the rhizosphere is believed to be due to transformatio...

Zoysa, AKN, Loganathan, P & Hedley, MJ 1998, 'Phosphate rock dissolution and transformation in the rhizosphere of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) compared with other plant species', European Journal of Soil Science, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 477-486.
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Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is generally grown in highly weathered acidic Ultisols of the humid tropics. The low pH, large P fixing capacity and moisture content of these soils favour the dissolution of phosphate rock. Plant species differ widely in their ability to take up P from phosphate rock, and we have compared phosphate mobilization in the rhizosphere of tea with that under calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus L.), Guinea grass (Panicum maximum L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by studying the changes in the concentration of P fractions at known distances from the root surface in an acidic (pH in water 4.5) Ultisol from Sri Lanka treated with a phosphate rock. Plants were grown in the top compartment of a two-compartment device, comprising two PVC cylinders physically separated by a 24-μm pore-diameter polyester mesh. A planar mat of roots was formed on the mesh in the top compartment, and the soil on the other side of the mesh in the lower compartment was cut into thin slices parallel to the rhizosphere and analysed for pH and P fractions. All plant species acidified the rhizosphere (pH [water] difference between bulk and rhizosphere soils was 0.17-0.26) and caused more rock to dissolve in the rhizosphere (10-18%) than in the bulk soil (8-11%). Guinea grass was most effective, though the rate of acidification per unit root surface area was least (0.02 μmol H+ cm-2) among the four species. Tea produced the largest rate of acidification per unit root surface area (0.08 μmol H+ cm-2). All species depleted P extracted by a cation-anion exchange resin and inorganic P extracted by 0.1 m NaOH. All except tea depleted organic P extracted by 0.1 m NaOH in the rhizosphere. The external P efficiencies (mg total P uptake) of Guinea grass, bean, tea and calliandra in soil fertilized with phosphate rock were 4.82 ± 0.42, 4.02 ± 0.32, 1.06 ± 0.02 and 0.62 ± 0.02, respectively, and the corresponding internal P efficiencies (mg shoot dry matter production per mg plant P) ...

Al-Jumaily, AAS, Amin, SHM & Khalil, M 1997, 'A fuzzy logic based goal achieving reactive navigation behaviour for a climbing mobile robot', ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN REAL-TIME CONTROL 1997, IFAC Symposium on Artificial Intelligence in Real-Time Control, PERGAMON PRESS LTD, KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA, pp. 227-232.

Andren, J, Hilding, M & Veitch, D 1998, 'Understanding end-to-end internet traffic dynamics', Global Telecommunications Conference, 1998. GLOBECOM 1998. The Bridge to Global Integration. IEEE, IEEE, pp. 1118-1122.

Antoniou, G & Williams, MA 1998, 'Revising default theories', Proceedings of the International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, pp. 423-430.
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Default logic is a prominent rigorous method of reasoning with incomplete information based on assumptions. It is a static reasoning approach, in the sense that it doesn't reason about changes and their consequences. On the other hand, its nonmonotonic behaviour appears when a change to a default theory is made. This paper studies the dynamic behaviour of default logic in the face of changes, a concept that we motivate by a reference to requirements engineering. The paper defines a contraction and a revision operator, and studies their properties. This work is part of an ongoing project whose aim is to build an integrated, domain-independent toolkit of logical methods for reasoning with changing and incomplete information. The techniques described in this paper will be implemented as part of the toolkit.

Antoniou, G & Williams, MA 1998, 'Some approaches to reasoning with incomplete and changing information', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 9-44.
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Baboul, AG, Curtiss, LA, Saboungi, ML, Ansell, S, Mao, G & Price, DL 1998, 'Density functional and neutron studies of lithium polymer electrolytes', PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MOLTEN SALTS XI, 11th International Symposium on Molten Salts at the 193rd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society, ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC, SAN DIEGO, CA, pp. 341-350.

Banh, BAJ, Anido, GJ & Dutkiewicz, E 1998, 'Handover re-routing schemes for connection oriented services in mobile ATM networks', Proceedings - IEEE INFOCOM, pp. 1139-1146.
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Wireless ATM (WATM) will be used to support broadband applications for future generation mobile services. To achieve this, the existing ATM protocol must be augmented with mobility management capabilities. One of the important components of mobility management is the ability of the network to seamlessly re-route existing connections to different parts of the network. To date, a number of schemes have been proposed for broadband wireless networks. These schemes can potentially be used in WATM networks. In this paper, we compare the performance of these schemes in terms of their complexity, handover latency, communication disruption period and buffer and bandwidth requirements.

Barattin, M, Cucchiara, R & Piccardi, M 1998, 'A Rule-based Vehicular Traffic Tracking System', Proceedings of the Joint Conference on Information Sciences, pp. 334-337.
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The paper presents a computer vision-based approach to the problem of vehicular traffic monitoring. The approach associates a high-level tracking system to a low-level system that performs moving vehicles detection. The high-level module is based on a large set of rules and is able to keep tracks of all moving or stopped vehicles along the image sequence.

Beydoun, G & Hoffmann, A 1998, 'Building Problem Solvers Based on Search Control Knowledge', 11th Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems Workshop (KAW98), Canada.

Beydoun, G & Hoffmann, A 1998, 'Building Search Heuristics at The Knowledge Level', Pacific Rim Knowledge Acquisition Workshop (PKAW98).

Beydoun, G & Hoffmann, A 1998, 'Simultaneous modelling and knowledge acquisition using NRDR', PRICAI'98: TOPICS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, 5th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (PRICAI 98), SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE, pp. 83-95.

Bird, TS 1998, 'Recent progress in reflector antenna analysis & design', Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics, ANTEM 1998 - Conference Proceedings, 1998 Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics, IEEE, Ottawa, Canada, pp. 3-6.
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© 1998 IEEE. The latter part of the 20th century has seen significant changes and improvements in the design and practice of reflectorantennas. As well as traditional users of reflectors, such as defence, telecommunication utilities and radio astronomy, significant consumer markets have now opened up. For instance, it is common for many homes and offices to have a dish connected to a wall or roof. At the same time design techniques for reflectors and associated feed systems have also undergone change. Until a few years ago effectsthat were poorly modelled or completely ignored that can now be analysed include, reflectoredge diffraction, near-field effects, grid, composite and painted surfaces, accurate feed models, mutual coupling and scattering in feed arrays, and reflector/feedinteractions. Shaped reflectors are now widely used on satellite antennas, and dielectric-loaded horns are replacing corrugated horns in some earth station applications. It is the purpose here to outline some recent changes and improvements in the design and synthesis techniques used for reflectors and feeds.

Blumenstein, M & Verma, B 1998, 'Neural based segmentation and recognition technique for handwritten words', IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks - Conference Proceedings, pp. 1738-1742.
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Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have been successfully applied to Optical Character Recognition (OCR) yielding excellent results. In this paper a technique is presented that segments difficult printed and cursive handwriting, and then classifies the segmented characters. A conventional algorithm is used for the initial segmentation of the words, while an ANN is used to verify whether an accurate segmentation point has been found. After all segmentation points have been detected another NN is used to identify the characters which remain following the segmentation process. The C programming language, the SP2 supercomputer and a SUN workstation were used for the experiments. The technique has been tested on real-world handwriting scanned from various staff at Griffith University, Gold Coast. Some preliminary experimental results are presented in this paper.

Bolto, BA, Ngo, HH & Vigneswaran, S 1997, 'Drinking water production with a dual floating medium-sand filter system', CHEMISTRY FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3, 11th International Conference on Chemistry for Protection of the Environment, PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP, CAIRO, EGYPT, pp. 1-8.

Boon, J, Zekou, E, McGloin, D & Dunn, MH 1998, 'Study of inversionless gain in mismatched, Doppler-broadened systems', Technical Digest - European Quantum Electronics Conference, p. 143.
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The real potential of inversionless lasing lies in the utilization of mismatched schemes, leading to compact high-frequency laser sources. A comparative study of a matched and a mismatched system is made in which all parameters are made equal except the transition wavelengths. Theory is presented to relate the appropriate element of the resulting density matrix to the absolute absorption or gain that may be experimentally observed. This facilitates the study of possible atomic systems that may provide mismatched gain in a Doppler-broadened regime. Experimental investigations into the production of inversionless gain at 422 nm in a Doppler-broadened, mismatched rubidium system are reported.

Canning, J, Sceats, MG & Carter, ALG 1997, 'UV-induced structural changes in photosensitive optical fibres', JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS & REVIEW PAPERS, International Workshop on Structure and Functional Optical Properties of Silica and Silica-Related Glasses, JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS, TOYOTA MOTOR CORP, MIKKABI CREAT CTR, SHIZUOKA, JAPAN, pp. 59-61.
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Chilakapati, N, Ramsden, VS, Ramaswamy, V & Zhu, J 1998, 'Investigation of Doubly Fed Twin Stitor Induction Motor as a Variable Speed Drive', Proceeding from Internationcul Conference on Power Electronics; Drives and Energy Systems for Industrial Growth - PEDES'98, IEEE Service Center, Perth, Australia, pp. 160-165.

Collings, P & Robertson, TJ 1998, 'Virtual Education: Building a Teaching and Learning Community in the Information Systems Discipline.', Proceedings of the Conference of the South East Asian Regional Computer Confederation, ACS, Darwin.

Crews, KI & Walter, G 1998, 'Innovation and Efficiency for Timber Bridge Construction in Australia Utilising Stress Laminated "Tee" and "Cellular" Beam Decks', Proceedings of the Structural Engineering World Wide Congress 1998, Structural Engineering World Wide Congress 1998, Elsevier Science Ltd., San Francisco, California, USA, pp. 1-8.
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The research work in Australia is funded collaboratively by the Australian Research Council and industry, and has involved both full scale serviceability and ultimate load testing (up to 12.2m) as well as an examination and analytical investigation into fundamental behaviour of cellular and âT❠beam structural forms constructed from timber elements. Several prototype bridge decks spanning up to 12.2m have been constructed and research is currently being undertaken to extend this technology to applications with clear spans of 25 to 30m. This paper presents a general overview of the R & D programs and applications of stress laminated timber technology in Australia, with an emphasis on the implications of âbuiltâup❠technology for timber bridges. A unique case study is presented in detail for the Hopkins River Bridge at Warrnambool, Australia, reviewing the research, design and construction aspects for a âbuiltâup❠deck superstructure based on both âTee / cellular❠forms and using incremental launching techniques. The paper concludes with discussion on the economic benefit of this new construction method.

Cucchiara, R & Piccardi, M 1998, 'Exploiting image processing locality in cache pre-fetching', Proceedings - Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing, pp. 466-472.
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© 1998 IEEE. Emerging trends in computer design attempt to include specific solutions for handling images also in general-purpose computers, because of the current spread of multimedia, image processing and computer graphics applications. In this context, we propose hardware pre-fetching techniques specific for caching images: The main issue we state is that most algorithms working on images exhibit a 2D spatial locality that is not taken into account in current cache organization and data access strategies. To this aim we propose an adaptive local pre-fetching for the image data type; this technique, mirroring the two-dimensional spatial locality of image processing algorithms, results in being more efficient than other approaches, such as sequential pre-fetching and adaptive pre-fetching. Performance is evaluated on different classes of image processing algorithms, namely raster-scan and propagative algorithms, common in computer vision and multimedia applications.

Di Zenobio, D, Santella, G, Vucetic, B & Oppermann, I 1998, 'A comparative analysis of CABSINET/ACTS project uplink performance', GLOBECOM 98: IEEE GLOBECOM 1998 - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 98), IEEE, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 2419-2424.

Dong, GZ & Li, JY 1998, 'Interestingness of discovered association rules in terms of neighborhood-based unexpectedness', RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY AND DATA MINING, 2nd Pacific-Asia Conference on Research and Development in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (PAKDD-98), SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 72-86.

Esselle, KP & Foroughipour, M 1998, 'Enhanced FD-TD equations for sharp, diagonal, metal edges arbitrary angles', IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM - ANTENNAS: GATEWAYS TO THE GLOBAL NETWORK, VOLS 1-4, IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium on Antennas - Gateways to the Global Network, IEEE, ATLANTA, GA, pp. 604-607.

Gabrys, B & Bargiela, A 1998, 'Simulation of water distribution systems', ESS'98 - SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY: SCIENCE AND ART, 10th European Simulation Symposium (ESS 98), SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION, NOTTINGHAM TRENT UNIV, NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND, pp. 273-277.

Greenland, AG, Crews, KI & Bakoss, SL 1998, 'Enhancing timber structures with advanced fibre reinforced plastic composite reinforcements', 5TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON TIMBER ENGINEERING, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS, 5th World Conference on Timber Engineering, PRESSES POLYTECHNIQUES ET UNIVERSITAIRES ROMANDES, MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND, pp. 608-615.

Guan, L, Perry, S, Romagnoli, R, Wong, HS & Kong, HS 1998, 'Neural vision system and applications in image processing and analysis', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-6, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 98), IEEE, SEATTLE, WA, pp. 1245-1248.

Guo, M & Hoang, DB 1998, 'An object-based network simulator', Global Telecommunications Conference, 1998. GLOBECOM 98. The Bridge to Global Integration. IEEE, IEEE, USA, pp. 1562-1567.
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The investigation and simulation study of network problems requires substantial amount of effort devoted to implementations of a common network. The paper presents the development of an object-based simulator. In particular, a simulation environment is d

Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Ramsden, VS 1998, 'Development of a Single Phase Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Motor Using Composite Soft Magnetic Material', Proceedings of Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Tasmania, Australia, Hobart, Australia, pp. 659-664.

Guo, YJ, Vadgama, S, Davies, M, Khalab, J, Zarri, M & Spink, D 1998, 'Adaptive antenna for CDMA', IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques & Applications, pp. 590-594.
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A decision directed adaptive antenna array for the uplink of CDMA cellular systems, which is based on a normalized least mean square algorithm (NLMS), is presented. The bit error ratio performance of the adaptive antenna in various scenarios, which include the use of transmission power control (TPC) and diversity combining, is studied. It is shown that the adaptive antenna outperforms the steering beam technique when the signal-to-noise ratio is large and the active users are clustered. However, the performance of the adaptive antenna becomes very similar to that of the steering beam when there are a large number of randomly distributed active users in the sector.

Ha, QP & Negnevitsky, M 1970, 'Variable-structured systems with fuzzy tuning for power generation control', PROGRESS IN CONNECTIONIST-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2, 1997 International Conference on Neural Information Processing and Intelligent Information Systems, SPRINGER-VERLAG SINGAPORE PTE LTD, DUNEDIN, NEW ZEALAND, pp. 1271-1274.

Hadgraft, RG & Grundy, P 1998, 'A new degree in civil engineering', 1ST UICEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING EDUCATION UNDER THE THEME: GLOBALISATION OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, 1st UICEE Annual Conference on Engineering Education on Globalisation of Engineering Education, UICEE, FACULTY ENGINEERING, MONASH UNIV, CLAYTON, AUSTRALIA, pp. 78-82.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1998, 'A Workflow Approach to Designing Cooperative Systems', Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Design of Cooperative Systems (COOP '98), Cannes, France, pp. 165-174.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT & Debenham, JK 1998, 'A Workflow System Based on Agents', Database and Expert Systems Applications, 9th International Conference, DEXA '98, Vienna, Austria, August 24-28, 1998, Proceedings, International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications, Springer, Vienna, Austria, pp. 135-144.

Hoang, D & Williamson, G 1998, 'A mixture of global and local gated experts for the prediction of high frequency foreign exchange rates', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 329-340.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998. This paper presents a new mixture of experts neural network architecture for the prediction of the US Dollar Swiss Franc exchange rate. This architecture achieves improved prediction results on noisy and non-stationary data. In contrast to previous efforts the current system was designed with a particular emphasis on solving the problems of local overfitting & underfitting caused by non-stationarity and noise in the data. The cascade correlation constructive neural network training algorithm was used for the fast training of near optimal complexity global & local experts. The Kohonen Self Organizing Map was used to find regions of the data on which to train local experts. Improved results were obtained by using a combination of the outputs of the global & local experts.

Hong, G 1998, 'Experimental investigation on the predictability of exhaust noise for feedforward active control on a two-cylinder diesel engine', SAE Technical Papers.
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The exhaust noise of a two-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine was experimentally investigated in order to examine the predictability of the exhaust noise to be reduced by a feedforward active control system. Special attention has been paid to the low frequency characteristics of the exhaust noise as low frequency noise is difficult to reduce with a conventional muffler but effective to control by active control technique. The periodicity of the exhaust noise was examined with the ensemble-average and ensemble-standard deviation of the exhaust pressure signals. The results showed that the exhaust noise investigated was basically quasi-periodic and its variation between cycles was acceptable with an adaptive control algorithm. The properties of the exhaust pressure in low frequency domain were analyzed with the spectra of the exhaust noise pressure. A method to estimate the instantaneous exhaust noise pressure proposed by the author in 1996 was applied to this diesel engine by estimating a limited number N of low frequency harmonics in terms of engine speed and load. This method matches the active control system by its fast response. The predicted and experimental results agree well and show that the prediction method is valid and the exhaust noise pressure is predictable with this method. © 1998 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.

Hooli, K & Oppermann, I 1998, 'Effect of signal quantization on the performance of LMMSE receiver is WLL channels', 1998 IEEE 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SPREAD SPECTRUM TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3, IEEE 5th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications, IEEE, SUN CITY, SOUTH AFRICA, pp. 536-540.

Huang, SD & Zhang, SY 1998, 'Decentralized fault tolerant stabilization for symmetric composite systems', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6, American Control Conference, IEEE, PHILADELPHIA, PA, pp. 2477-2480.

Hubert, CJ, Waldron, KJ & Venkataraman, SC 1998, 'Dynamic & static simulators for wheeled vehicles', Proceedings of the ASCE Specialty Conference on Robotics for Challenging Environments, pp. 216-222.
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Terrain adaptive wheeled vehicles offer great promise for locomotion on rugged terrain. In order to properly design terrain adaptive vehicles or control schemes for such vehicles, one needs an effective simulator. Many simulators are based on detailed dynamic analysis. Featherstone's method of articulated inertias makes such dynamic simulators reasonably efficient. However, rover vehicles often operate at low speeds that make the dynamic analysis unnecessary. A simpler approach is to use only velocity and position information to obtain the next state. Simulation on rugged terrain requires the program to account for gravitational and contact forces. An algorithm using potential energy methods is proposed as an alternate rough terrain simulator.

Hubert, CJ, Waldron, KJ & Venkataraman, SC 1998, 'Dynamic and static simulators for wheeled vehicles', Robotics 1998, pp. 216-222.
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Terrain adaptive wheeled vehicles offer great promise for locomotion on rugged terrain. In order to properly design terrain adaptive vehicles or control schemes for such vehicles, one needs an effective simulator. Many simulators are based on detailed dynamic analysis. Featherstone's method of articulated inertias makes such dynamic simulators reasonably efficient. However, rover vehicles often operate at low speeds that make the dynamic analysis unnecessary. A simpler approach is to use only velocity and position information to obtain the next state. Simulation on rugged terrain requires the program to account for gravitational and contact forces. An algorithm using potential energy methods is proposed as an alternate rough terrain simulator. © 1998 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Huynh, BP 1998, 'A numerical investigation of non-isothermal extrusion through annular dies - Influence of wall temperatures on extrudate swell', Proceedings of the 11th International Heat Transfer Conference, Heat Transfer 1998 - 11th International Heat Transfer Conference, The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers, Kyongju, Korea, pp. 27-32.

Huynh, BP 1998, 'A Numerical Study of the Influence of Die Geometry on Extrudate Swell in Non-Isothermal Extrusion through Annular Dies', Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Computational Mechanics, The 4th World Congress on Computational Mechanics, International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Indraratna, B, Haque, A & Aziz, N 1998, 'Effect of infill on the shear behaviour of soft joints', The geotechnics of hard soils - soft rocks. Proceedings of the second international symopsium on hard soils-soft rocks, Naples, October 1998. (Two volumes)., pp. 199-206.
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The shear behaviour of soft simulated joints is investigated in the laboratory under constant normal stiffness conditions by using a large-scale shear apparatus. Tests were conducted on regular saw tooth joints having inclinations of 9.5°and 18.5°under a given initial normal stress. Commercial bentonite was used as an infill material between the interfaces, which were sheared at a constant rate. It is observed that the shear strength of infilled joints decreases dramatically in comparison to unfilled joints with the addition of very small thickness of infill. As the infill thickness to asperity height ratio is increased to a certain value, the shear behaviour of the joints becomes almost similar to the infill itself. In this study, a t/a ratio of 1.40 is observed as 'critical', beyond which the joint behaviour changes from a dilatant to a compressive mode.

Ionescu, D, Indraratna, B & Christie, HD 1998, 'Mechanical properties of railway ballast from laboratory tests', The geotechnics of hard soils - soft rocks. Proceedings of the second international symopsium on hard soils-soft rocks, Naples, October 1998. (Two volumes)., pp. 551-559.
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The findings of a series of isotropically consolidated, triaxial compression tests conducted at low confining pressures on model fractions of both fresh and recycled railway ballast have been used for the prediction of the shear strength of ballast. It is shown that the shear strength is a function of the particle size distribution and shape as well as the type of ballast. The effect of maximum principal stress ratio on the deformation and degradation of recycled material is also studied. It was observed that, at low levels of confining pressure typical to railway tracks, the variations of the angle of internal friction, dilation rate and the degree of particle crushing follow non-linear relationships with the confining pressure, at different principal stress ratios. A particle breakage index for ballast as a function of the maximum principal stress ratio, is introduced in this paper.

Juang, CF & Lin, CT 1998, 'Genetic reinforcement learning through symbiotic evolution for fuzzy controller design', 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS AT THE IEEE WORLD CONGRESS ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE - PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1-2, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems at the World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI 98), IEEE, ANCHORAGE, AK, pp. 1281-1285.

Kim, J, Moon, SW, Hwang, D & Lee, SJ 1998, 'SDINS Initial Alignment System using RISC CPU board', Korean Automatic Control Conference.

Kim, J, Moon, SW, Hwang, D, Ra, S & Lee, SJ 1998, 'Loosely-coupled GPS/INS Integration System', The 5th Korean GNSS workshop.

Kirby, R & Cummings, A 1998, 'Structural/acoustic interaction in air-conditioning ducts in the presence of mean flow', Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering, ISMA, pp. 809-816.
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The finite element method is applied to the modelling of noise breakout from air-conditioning ducts which are rectangular in cross-section and lined with a bulk reacting sound absorbent. Mean flow in the central airway is also included in the model. An eigenvalue formulation is employed to couple the acoustic pressure field inside the duct to the displacement of the duct walls. Numerical predictions for the axial wavenumbers of the first "structural" and "acoustic" modes are examined both with and without mean flow.

Krunz, M & Makowski, A 1998, 'A source model for VBR video traffic based on M/G/infinity input processes', IEEE INFOCOM '98 - THE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS. 1-3, 17th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE-Computer-Society/IEEE-Communications-Society (INFOCOM 98), IEEE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA, pp. 1441-1448.

Latva-aho, M, Juntti, M & Oppermann, L 1998, 'Reconfigurable adaptive RAKE receiver for wideband CDMA systems', 48TH IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3, 48th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 98), IEEE, OTTAWA, CANADA, pp. 1740-1744.

Li, WC, Wang, YB, Li, WJ, Zhang, J & Li, JY 1998, 'Sparselized higher-order neural network and its pruning algorithm', IEEE WORLD CONGRESS ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, 2nd IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI 98), IEEE, ANCHORAGE, AK, pp. 359-362.

Liu, RP, Richards, A & Rogers, G 1998, 'MARSHNet, a superimposed QoS guaranteed Virtual Path Network', GLOBECOM 98: IEEE GLOBECOM 1998 - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 98), IEEE, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 7-12.

Louda, MA, Rye, DC, Dissanayake, MWMG & Durrant-Whyte, HF 1998, 'INS-based identification of quay-crane spreader yaw', 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-4, IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN, LEUVEN, BELGIUM, pp. 3310-3315.

Lu, HY, Zhu, JG, Hui, SYR & Ramsden, VS 1998, 'A generalized dynamic transformer circuit model including all types of core losses', PEDES 1998 - 1998 International Conference on Power Electronic Drives and Energy Systems for Industrial Growth, pp. 978-983.
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© 1998 IEEE. This paper describes a generalized dynamic transformer circuit model that includes all types of core losses, nonlinear magnetic characteristics, skin effects of eddy currents in the core, and thermal effects on hysteresis of core materials. A TLM-based transform with variable time steps is employed in the simulation. This model can provide an accurate prediction of transformer performance and core losses and is suitable for simulation of high frequency switching mode converters using transformer isolated outputs. Some interesting issues such as stray capacitance, are discussed. Simulations of a 500 W transformer in a full bridge inverter operated at 15 kHz and 25 kHz have been confirmed by experiments.

Lu, HY, Zhu, JG, Hui, SYR & Ramsden, VS 1998, 'Dynamic circuit modeling of a high frequency transformer', PESC 98 RECORD - 29TH ANNUAL IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, 29th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, IEEE, FUKUOKA, JAPAN, pp. 1479-1485.

Luk, KC, Ball, JE & Sharma, A 1998, 'Rainfall forecasting through artificial neural networks', HYDROINFORMATICS '98, VOLS 1 AND 2, 3rd International Conference on Hydroinformatics, A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS, COPENHAGEN, DENMARK, pp. 797-804.

Macnish, CK & Williams, MA 1998, 'From belief revision to design revision: Applying theory change to changing requirements', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 206-220.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998. The ability to correctly analyse the impact of changes to system designs is an important goal in software engineering. A framework for addressing this problem has been proposed in which logical descriptions are developed alongside traditional representations. While changes to the resulting design have been considered, no formal framework for design change has been offered. This paper proposes such a framework using techniques from the field of belief revision. It is shown that under a particular strategy for belief revision, called a maxi-adjustment, design revisions can be modelled using standard revision operators. As such, the paper also offers a new area of application for belief revision. Previous attempts to apply belief revision theory have suffered from the criticism that deduced information is held on to more strongly than the facts from which it is derived. This criticism does not apply to the present application because we are concerned with goal decomposition rather than reasoning from facts, and it makes sense that goals should be held onto more strongly than the decompositions designed to achieve them.

Madhavan, R, Dissanayake, G & Durrant-Whyte, H 1998, 'Map-building and map-based localization in an underground-mine by statistical pattern matching', FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PATTERN RECOGNITION, VOLS 1 AND 2, 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1744-1746.

Madhavan, R, Dissanayake, MWMG & Durrant-Whyte, HF 1998, 'Autonomous underground navigation of an LHD using a combined ICP-EKF approach', 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-4, IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN, LEUVEN, BELGIUM, pp. 3703-3708.

Mallison, SG, Hong, G & Reizes, JA 1998, 'Fundamental studies of a synthetic jet actuator', Proceedings of the 1998 Thirteenth Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Melbourne, Australia, 13-18 December 1998, pp. 329-332.
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The flow generated by a synthetic jet actuator is investigated experimentally and computationally. The experimental data and computational predictions show good agreement with the theory for a steady turbulent jet. It is found, however, that the synthetic jet establishes itself much more rapidly than the steady jet, and this is thought to be the result of turbulent dissipation causing a vortex to be trapped near the actuator orifice. Also, the optimal forcing frequency was found to be in agreement with a coupled fluid-structural interaction model.

Markaki, M, Kassotakis, I & Vasilakos, A 1998, 'An adaptive genetic algorithm for channel sharing in high speed networks', GLOBECOM 98: IEEE GLOBECOM 1998 - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 98), IEEE, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 2658-2663.

Moss, D, Canning, J & Bazylenko, M 1998, 'Bragg gratings in hollow-cathode PECVD germanosilica planar waveguides', Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe - Technical Digest, p. 425.
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Waveguide gratings were fabricated in intrinsically low-loss (0.2 dB/cm with no annealing) germanosilica waveguide layers without the use of any material presensitization. The waveguides were grown by a novel technique called hollow-cathode PECVD.

Naishadham, K & Esselle, K 1998, 'A hybrid implementation of the FDTD and moment methods', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1998 Digest - Antennas: Gateways to the Global Network - Held in conjunction with: USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, pp. 574-577.
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©1998 IEEE. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is a commonly used electromagnetic simulation method. However, in the analysis of electrically large structures with curved boundaries, the FDTD method suffers from cumulative errors introduced by inadequate resolution of curvature (stair-casing errors), reflection from absorbing boundaries, numerical dispersion, etc. On the other hand, integral equation based methods such as the method of moments (MOM) have available a wide variety of shape functions and grids for accurate resolution of the field on curved boundaries. In this paper, we propose to hybridize the FDTD method and the MOM such that FDTD can be implemented on a relatively crude mesh, and the resulting "crude" solution employed as an initial guess to the solution of the MOM matrix equations using the conjugate gradient (CG) method.

Ollerton, RL & Shannon, AG 1998, 'Some properties of generalized Pascal squares and triangles', Fibonacci Quarterly, pp. 98-109.

O'Neill, T & Leaney, J 1998, 'Open complex computer systems are no silver bullet', Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems, ICECCS, pp. 79-86.
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© 1998 IEEE. Open systems, through the use of public, consensus based specifications or standards, are focussed on achieving the interoperability between, and the portability of components. In accommodating standards, open systems promise the advantages of plug-n-play technology, rapid prototyping and component re-use, while at the same time preventing system integration misfits, short system lifespan and difficulty in maintenance. In the development of open systems, it has been recognised that the specification and standardisation of interfaces, nor components, is of critical importance to realising these advantages. Due to the critical role of interfaces in open systems, the quality of the interface specifications used to engineer the interfaces is fundamental to the fulfilment of the promises of open systems. The authors contend that since current specifications and standards are deficient, then open complex computer systems, built using these specifications and standards, will indeed be no silver bullet. The authors present several ways forward, based on the inter-relationships between components, so that in the future the promises of open complex computer systems may still be fulfilled.

Oppermann, I 1998, 'Capacity of a DS-CDMA system supporting mixed modulation', GLOBECOM 98: IEEE GLOBECOM 1998 - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 98), IEEE, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 3403-3407.

Oppermann, I 1998, 'Quantization effects on a family of complex valued spreading sequences', 1998 IEEE 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SPREAD SPECTRUM TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3, IEEE 5th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications, IEEE, SUN CITY, SOUTH AFRICA, pp. 696-700.

Oppermann, I & Latva-Aho, M 1998, 'Capacity of a packetised wideband LMMSE CDMA system with antenna diversity', 1998 IEEE 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SPREAD SPECTRUM TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3, IEEE 5th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications, IEEE, SUN CITY, SOUTH AFRICA, pp. 786-791.

Oppermann, I & Latva-aho, M 1998, 'Efficient packetised CDMA system for a high mobility urban environment', 48TH IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3, 48th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 98), IEEE, OTTAWA, CANADA, pp. 2192-2196.

Partilt, AJ & Bird, TS 1998, 'Application of a near-field transform algorithm to antenna coupling using the FDTD method', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1998 Digest - Antennas: Gateways to the Global Network - Held in conjunction with: USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, pp. 500-503.
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© 1998 IEEE. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is useful in many antenna applications because it facilitates modelling of complex structures and is capable of characterising antenna performance over a wide-frequency band. However, for antenna arrays of even modest size, the excessive computer storage and run-time may become prohibitive for design and optimisation purposes. Some work has been done with time-domain transform methods for computing weak coupling between antennas (Page et al. 1996). In this paper, an algorithm is developed using the Kirchhoff near-field to near-field transformation (Shlager and Smith, 1995) for the one-way coupling between antenna elements. This coupling representation is then applied to arrays in a manner analogous to an element-by-element analysis in the frequency domain, except that in the method described here the coupled currents at the antenna-feed ports are added in the time-domain so as to permit the introduction of true-time delays for wide-band beam steering. The advantages of the transform method over a full FDTD method are smaller computer storage and a reduction in late-time FDTD effects associated with reflections from the absorbing boundary on the outer surface of the computational domain and also from numerical dispersion and instabilities.

Perry, SW & Guan, L 1998, 'A statistics-based weight assignment in a Hopfield neural network for adaptive image restoration', IEEE WORLD CONGRESS ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, 2nd IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI 98), IEEE, ANCHORAGE, AK, pp. 922-927.

Perry, SW & Guan, L 1998, 'Perception based adaptive image restoration', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-6, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 98), IEEE, SEATTLE, WA, pp. 2893-2896.

Roughan, M, Veitch, D & Abry, P 1998, 'On-line estimation of the parameters of long-range dependence', GLOBECOM 98: IEEE GLOBECOM 1998 - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 98), IEEE, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 3716-3721.

Roughan, M, Veitch, D & Rumsewicz, M 1998, 'Computing queue-length distributions for power-law queues', INFOCOM’98. Seventeenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Proceedings. IEEE, IEEE, pp. 356-363.

Sharma, D & Sproule, A 1998, 'The nexus between competitive electricity markets and the environment', EXPERIMENTING WITH FREER MARKETS: LESSONS FROM THE LAST 20 YEARS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE - VOL 1, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Energy-Economics (IAEE), INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR ENERGY ECONOMICS, QUEBEC CITY, CANADA, pp. 391-398.

Stepanov, DY, Canning, J & Brodzeli, Z 1998, 'High-resolution measurements of fibre Bragg grating transmission spectra', 24TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL COMMUNICATION, VOL 1-3, 24th European Conference on Optical Communications, TELEFONICA ESPANA SA, MADRID, SPAIN, pp. 407-408.

Suzuki, H & Mohan, AS 1998, 'Frustum ray tracing technique for high spatial resolution channel characteristic map', 1998 IEEE RADIO AND WIRELESS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - RAWCON 98, IEEE Radio and Wireless Conference (RAWCON 98), IEEE, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO, pp. 253-256.
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Tellambura, C, Parker, MG & Barton, SK 1998, 'Channel estimation using discrete Fourier transform techniques', GLOBECOM 98: IEEE GLOBECOM 1998 - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 98), IEEE, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 148-152.

Vasilakos, A, Ricudis, C, Anagnostakis, K, Pedrycz, W & Pitsillides, A 1998, 'Evolutionary-fuzzy prediction for strategic QoS routing in broadband networks', 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS AT THE IEEE WORLD CONGRESS ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE - PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1-2, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems at the World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI 98), IEEE, ANCHORAGE, AK, pp. 1488-1493.

Voinov, A, Costanza, R, Wainger, L, Boumans, R, Villa, F, Maxwell, T & Voinov, H 1998, 'Integrated ecological economic modeling of watersheds', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 CONFERENCE ON MISSION EARTH: MODELING AND SIMULATION OF THE EARTH SYSTEM, Conference on Mission Earth - Modelling and Simulation of the Earth System, at the 1998 Western MultiConference, SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION, SAN DIEGO, CA, pp. 35-40.

von Bibra, ML, Canning, J & Roberts, A 1997, 'Mode profile modification of H+ ion beam irradiated waveguides using UV processing', JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS, Glass and Optical Materials Division / Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides - Applications and Fundamentals Meeting, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA, pp. 121-125.
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Wang, YJ & Lin, CT 1998, 'Runge Kutta Neural Network for identification of continuous systems', 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5, IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Intelligent Systems for Humans in a Cyberworld (SMC 98), IEEE, SAN DIEGO, CA, pp. 3277-3282.

Watterson, PA 1998, 'Phasor analysis of six-step 120° conduction permanent magnet motor drives', PEDES 1998 - 1998 International Conference on Power Electronic Drives and Energy Systems for Industrial Growth, pp. 558-561.
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© 1998 IEEE. The simplest drive for a permanent magnet motor is a three-phase bridge inverter switched according to the six-step, »120° conduction» algorithm. For the more complicated, higher frequency, switching algorithms which give (approximately) a sinusoidal current, phasor analysis of the per-phase equivalent circuit provides a simple accurate description of the phase current and voltage, at least for a motor with near-sinusoidal back-emf and near-uniform inductance. But for six-step switching, there are no well-known general formulae, even describing the relationship between applied DC voltage and motor no-load speed. This paper presents exact analytic phasor analysis for six-step, 120° conduction switching of permanent magnet motors with sinusoidal back-emf. Formulae are given for the fundamental components of voltage and current and for the inferred torque. These formulae enable the DC voltage and the switching advance angle to be determined to operate the motor at any desired torque, speed and fundamental current advance angle. In particular, it is frequently desired to operate the motor with minimum copper loss for a given torque. The copper loss will be close to minimum if the current fundamental is aligned with the back-emf. Using the formulae presented in the paper and a two-dimensional root-finding algorithm, the required switching angle and commutation angle can be determined and the DC link voltage inferred. The paper thus allows simple phasor analysis theory to be translated into six-step switching prescriptions.

Weily, AR & Mohan, AS 1998, 'Efficient 2-D analysis of an inductive in's waveguide filter using nonuniform mesh FDTD and PML', IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM - ANTENNAS: GATEWAYS TO THE GLOBAL NETWORK, VOLS 1-4, IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium on Antennas - Gateways to the Global Network, IEEE, ATLANTA, GA, pp. 2266-2269.

Williams, MA 1998, 'Applications of belief revision', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 287-316.

Wu, XB & Esselle, KP 1998, 'Analytical formulation for three-dimensional scattering From an anisotropic-material-coated conducting rod', IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM - ANTENNAS: GATEWAYS TO THE GLOBAL NETWORK, VOLS 1-4, IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium on Antennas - Gateways to the Global Network, IEEE, ATLANTA, GA, pp. 2160-2163.

Zhong, M, Zhu, J, Ramsden, VS & Guo, Y 1998, 'Magnetic Properties of Composite Soft Magnetic Materials with 2-D Fluxes', Proceedings of Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Tasmania, Australia, Hobart, Australia, pp. 377-382.

Zhu, JG, Lu, HY, Ramsden, VS & Tran, K 1997, 'Temperature dependence of magnetic hysteresis of soft ferrites', NON-LINEAR ELECTROMAGNETIC SYSTEMS, 8th International Symposium on Non-Linear Electromagnetic Systems (ISEM Braunschweig), I O S PRESS, BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY, pp. 495-498.

Ziolkowski, RW 1998, 'Finite photonic band gap material based waveguides, power splitters and switches', IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM - ANTENNAS: GATEWAYS TO THE GLOBAL NETWORK, VOLS 1-4, IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium on Antennas - Gateways to the Global Network, IEEE, ATLANTA, GA, pp. 873-873.

Eager, DM 1998, 'AS/NZS 1269:1998.0 Occupational noise management Part 0: Overview', Standards Australia, Sydney, Australia.

Eager, DM 1998, 'AS/NZS 1269:1998.1 Occupational noise management Part 1: Measurement and assessment of noise immission and exposure', Standards Australia, Sydney, Australia.

Eager, DM 1998, 'AS/NZS 1269:1998.2 Occupational noise management Part 2: Noise control management', Standards Australia, Sydney, Australia.

Eager, DM 1998, 'AS/NZS 1269:1998.3 Occupational noise management Part 3: Hearing protector program', Standards Australia, Sydney, Australia.

Eager, DM 1998, 'AS/NZS 1269:1998.4 Occupational noise management Part 4: Auditory assessment', Standards Australia, Sydney, Australia.

Gay, VC 1998, 'ISO/IEC 10746 Information technology -- Open Distributed Processing -- Reference model'.
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Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) is a reference model in computer science, which provides a co-ordinating framework for the standardization of open distributed processing (ODP). It supports distribution, interworking, platform and technology independence, and portability, together with an enterprise architecture framework for the specification of ODP systems. The RM-ODP view model, which provides five generic and complementary viewpoints on the system and its environment. RM-ODP, also named ITU-T Rec. X.901-X.904 and ISO/IEC 10746, is a joint effort by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) .[1]