Publications

Law, S-S & Zhu, X-Q 2009, Damage Models and Algorithms for Assessment of Structures under Operating Conditions Structures and Infrastructures Book Series, CRC Press.
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This book is devoted to the condition assessment of a structure under operational loading, with most of the illustrations related to a bridge deck under a group of moving vehicular loads.

Niu, L, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2009, Cognition-Driven Decision Support for Business Intelligence, 1st, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin/Heidelberg.
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Cognition-driven decision support system (DSS) has been recognized as a paradigm in the research and development of business intelligence (BI). Cognitive decision support aims to help managers in their decision making from human cognitive aspects, such as thinking, sensing, understanding and predicting, and fully reuse their experience. Among these cognitive aspects, decision makers situation awareness (SA) and mental models are considered to be two important prerequisites fordecision making , particularly in ill-structured and dynamic decision situations with uncertainties, time pressure and high personal stake. In todays business domain,decision making is becoming increasingly complex. To make a successful decision, managers SA about their business environments becomes a critical factor. This book presents theoretical models as well practical techniques of cognitiondriven DSS. It first introduces some important concepts of cognition orientation indecision making process and some techniques in related research areas including DSS, data warehouse and BI, offering readers a preliminary for moving forward in this book. It then proposes a cognition-driven decision process (CDDP) model which incorporates SA and experience (mental models) as its central components. The goal of the CDDP model is to facilitate cognitive decision support to managers on the basis of BI systems. It also presents relevant techniques developed to support the implementation of the CDDP model in a BI environment

Yap, K-H, Guan, L, Perry, S & Wong, H-S 2009, Adaptive Image Processing, CRC Press.
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Yap, K-H, Guan, L, Perry, SW & Wong, HS 2009, Adaptive Image Processing A Computational Intelligence Perspective, Second Edition, CRC Press.
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Emphasizing developments in state-of-the-art CI techniques, such as content-based image retrieval, this book continues to provide educators, students, researchers, engineers, and technical managers in visual information processing with the ...

Yu, JX, Qin, L & Chang, L 2009, Keyword Search in Databases, 1, Morgan & Claypool Publishers, NA.
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It has become highly desirable to provide users with ?exible ways to query/search information over databases as simple as keyword search like Google search. This book surveys the recent developments on keyword search over databases, and focuses on ?nding structural information among objects in a database using a set of keywords. Such structural information to be returned can be either trees or subgraphs representing how the objects, that contain the required keywords, are interconnected in a relational database or in an XML database. The structural keyword search is completely different from ?nding documents that contain all the user-given keywords. The former focuses on the interconnected object structures, whereas the latter focuses on the object content. The book is organized as follows. In Chapter 1, we highlight the main research issues on the structural keyword search in different contexts. In Chapter 2, we focus on supporting structural keyword search in a relational database management system using the SQL query language. We concentrate on how to generate a set of SQL queries that can ?nd all the structural information among records in a relational database completely, and how to evaluate the generated set of SQL queries ef?ciently.In Chapter 3,we discuss graph algorithms for structural keyword search by treating an entire relational database as a large data graph. In Chapter 4, we discuss structural keyword search in a large tree-structured XML database.In Chapter 5,we highlight several interesting research issues regarding keyword search on databases. The book can be used as either an extended survey for people who are interested in the structural keyword search or a reference book for a postgraduate course on the related topics.

Yu, K, Sharp, I & Guo, YJ 2009, Ground‐Based Wireless Positioning, Wiley.
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Ground Based Wireless Positioning provides an in-depth treatment of non-GPS based wireless positioning techniques, with a balance between theory and engineering practice. The book presents the architecture, design and testing of a variety of wireless positioning systems based on the time-of-arrival, signal strength, and angle-of-arrival measurements. These techniques are essential for developing accurate wireless positioning systems which can operate reliably in both indoor and outdoor environments where the Global Positioning System (GPS) proves to be inadequate. The book covers a wide range of issues including radio propagation, parameter identification, statistical signal processing, optimization, and localization in large and multi-hop networks. A comprehensive study on the state-of-the-art techniques and methodologies in wireless positioning and tracking is provided, including anchor-based and anchor-free localisation in wireless sensor networks (WSN). The authors address real world issues such as multipath, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation, accuracy limitations and measurement errors. Presenting the latest advances in the field, Ground Based Wireless Positioning is one of the first books to cover non-GPS based technologies for wireless positioning. It serves as an indispensable reference for researchers and engineers specialising in the fields of localization and tracking, and wireless sensor networks. • Provides a comprehensive treatment of methodologies and algorithms for positioning and tracking • Includes practical issues and case studies in designing real wireless positioning systems • Explains non-line-of-sight (NLOS) radio propagation and NLOS mitigation techniques • Balances solid theory with engineering practice of non-GPS wireless systems. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Aboura, K, Samali, B, Crews, KI & Li, J 2009, 'The Use of Stochasatic Processes in Bridge Lifetime Assessment' in Agbinya, JI, Biermann, E, Hamam, Y, Rocaries, F & Lal, SK (eds), Biomedical and Environmental Sensing, River Publishers, Denmark, pp. 295-316.
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We introduce an approach for modelling the structural deterioration of components of bridges for maintenance optimization purposes. The Markov chain model is found in the maintenance and repair problems since the early 60's, is introduced to the maintenance of road infrastructure in the 1980's, and is made to drive the current bridge maintenance optimization systems. While this model results into solvable programming problems and provides a solution, there are a number of criticisms associated with it. We highlight the shortfalls of the Markov model for bridge lifetime assessment and promote the use of stochastic processes.

Alem, L 2009, 'Presence in Video-Mediated Interactions: Case Studies at CSIRO' in Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Springer London, pp. 369-392.
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Cao, L 2009, 'Actionable Knowledge Discovery' in Mehdi Khosrow-Pour (ed), Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Second Edition, IGI Global, Hershey, PA, USA, pp. 8-13.
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Actionable knowledge discovery is selected as one of the greatest challenges (Ankerst, 2002; Fayyad, Shapiro, & Uthurusamy, 2003) of next-generation knowledge discovery in database (KDD) studies (Han & Kamber, 2006). In the existing data mining, often mined patterns are nonactionable to real user needs. To enhance knowledge actionability, domain-related social intelligence is substantially essential (Cao et al., 2006b). The involvement of domain-related social intelligence into data mining leads to domaindriven data mining (Cao & Zhang, 2006a, 2007a), which complements traditional data-centered mining methodology. Domain-related social intelligence consists of intelligence of human, domain, environment, society and cyberspace, which complements data intelligence. The extension of KDD toward domain-driven data mining involves many challenging but promising research and development issues in KDD. Studies in regard to these issues may promote the paradigm shift of KDD from data-centered interesting pattern mining to domain-driven actionable knowledge discovery, and the deployment shift from simulated data set-based to real-life data and business environment-oriented as widely predicted.

Cao, L 2009, 'Introduction to Agent Mining Interaction and Integration' in Longbing Cao (ed), Data Mining and Multi-agent Integration, Springer US, New York, USA, pp. 3-36.
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In recent years, more and morc researchers have been involved in research on both agent technology and data mining. A clear disciplinary effort has been activa ted toward removing the boundary between them, that is the interaction and integrati on be tween agent technology and data mining. We refer this to agent mining as a new area. The marriage of agents and data mining is driven by challenges faced by both communities, and the need of developing more advanced intelligence, in formation processi ng and systems. This chapter presents an overall picture of agent mining from the perspective of positioning it as an emerging area. We summarize the main driving forces, compleme ntary essence, di sci plinary framework , applications, case studies, and trends and directions, as well as brief observation on agent-driven data mining, data mining-driven agents, and mutual issues in agent mini ng. Arguably, we draw the following conclusions: (I) agent mining emerges as a new area in the scientific fam il y, (2) both agent technology and data mining can greatly benefit from agent mining, (3) it is very promising to resu lL in additional advancement in intelligent information processing and systems. However, as a new open area, there are many issues waiting for research and development from theoretical, technological and practical perspectives.

Cao, L & He, X-Z 2009, 'Developing actionable trading agents' in Jain, LC & Nguyen, NT (eds), Knowledge Processing and Decision Making in Agent-Based Systems, Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 193-215.
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Trading agents are useful for developing and back-testing quality trading strategies to support smart trading actions in the market. However, most of the existing trading agent research oversimplifies trading strategies, and focuses on simulated ones. As a result, there exists a big gap between the deliverables and business needs when the developed strategies are deployed into the real life. Therefore, the actionable capability of developed trading agents is often very limited. This paper for the first time introduces effective approaches for optimizing and integrating multiple classes of strategies through trading agent collaboration. An integration and optimization approach is proposed to identify optimal trading strategy in each category, and further integrate optimal strategies crossing classes. Positions associated with these optimal strategies are recommended for trading agents to take actions in the market. Extensive experiments on a large quantity of real-life market data show that trading agents following the recommended strategies have great potential to obtain high benefits while low costs. This verifies that it is promising to develop trading agents toward workable and satisfying business needs.

Chaczko, Z & Resconi, G 2009, 'Morphotronic System Applications' in Moreno-Diaz, R, Pichler, F & Quesada-Arencibia Alexis, A (eds), Computer Aided Systems Theory - EUROCAST 2009, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Las Palmas, Spain, pp. 905-912.
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This paper discusses a newly proposed Morphotronic System paradigm that can be used as a general computation model for construction of software. The Morphotronic System allows for a definition of very flexible software prototypes, in which a processing path can be interpreted as an extremum principle. This approach offers a significant improvement to traditional software practices. The system purpose is stated as a conceptual input to the computer system at a starting point of the computation process while the local machine state is completely ignored. The system context and its rules are generated as resources to allocate the computational components. The morphotronic system applies non-Euclidean geometry which allows to shape the context and to define the projection operators for an ideal network of forms.

Chen, F & Sun, Y 2009, 'An Efficient Unification-Based Multimodal Language Processor for Multimodal Input Fusion' in Multimodal Human Computer Interaction and Pervasive Services, IGI Global, pp. 58-86.
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Multimodal user interaction technology aims at building natural and intuitive interfaces allowing a user to interact with computers in a way similar to human-to-human communication, for example, through speech and gestures. As a critical component in a multimodal user interface, multimodal input fusion explores ways to effectively derive the combined semantic interpretation of user inputs through multiple modalities. Based on state–of-the-art review on multimodal input fusion approaches, this chapter presents a novel approach to multimodal input fusion based on speech and gesture; or speech and eye tracking. It can also be applied for other input modalities and extended to more than two modalities. It is the first time that a powerful combinational categorical grammar is adopted in multimodal input fusion. The effectiveness of the approach has been validated through user experiments, which indicated a low polynomial computational complexity while parsing versatile multimodal input patterns. It is very useful for mobile context. Future trends in multimodal input fusion will be discussed at the end of this chapter.

Franco, UA, Paul, JK, Daniel, RC, Dachuan, G & Simeon, JS 2009, 'Microarray Data Mining: Selecting Trustworthy Genes with Gene Feature Ranking' in Data Mining for Business Applications, Springer US, New York, USA, pp. 159-168.
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Gene expression datasets used in biomedical data mining frequently have two characteristics: they have many thousand attributes but only relatively few sample points and the measurements are noisy. In other words, individual expression measurements may be untrustworthy. Gene Feature Ranking (GFR) is a feature selection methodology that addresses these domain specific characteristics by selecting features (i.e. genes) based on two criteria: (i) how well the gene can discriminate between classes of patient and (ii) the trustworthiness of the microarray data associated with the gene. An example from the pediatric cancer domain demonstrates the use of GFR and compares its performance with a feature selection method that does not explicitly address the trustworthiness of the underlying data.

Greenwald, PW, Weingart, S & Nguyen, HB 2009, 'Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock' in Evidence-Based Emergency Medicine, Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 235-250.
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Guertler, MR 2009, 'Verknüpfung unterschiedlicher Sichten auf Entwicklungsprozesse: Matrix-basierter Umgang mit Entscheidungspunkten' in Buchenau, S & Rietz, G (eds), Geschäftsprozesse im Projektmanagement Best Practices der Implementierung, BoD – Books on Demand, pp. 13-100.

Guo, W & Ngo, H 2009, 'Specific options in biological wastewater treatment for reclamation and reuse' in Vigneswaran, S (ed), Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies, EOLSS (Encyclopaedia of Life Support Systems) Publications, Oxford, UK, pp. 308-378.
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This chapter focuses on a number of specific biological treatment technologies as options to wastewater reclamation with specific reference to concepts, treatment processes and configurations and its performance. These biological technologies will be classified and discussed in two main categories of non-membrane biological and membrane biological treatment systems.

JIN, ZM, WILLIAMS, S, TIPPER, J, INGHAM, E & FISHER, J 2009, 'TRIBOLOGY OF METAL-ON-METAL ARTIFICIAL HIP JOINTS' in Biomechanical Systems Technology, World Scientific Publishing Company, pp. 279-307.
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© 2009 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. Natural hip joints are briefly introduced, followed by artificial hip replacements. The main problem of osteolysis and loosening of prosthetic components in current polyethylene hip joints is briefly discussed, and alternative bearings, such as metal-on-metal, are introduced. A brief account of the historical development of metal-on-metal hip joint replacements is presented. An overview is given to tribology and its scope, as well as associated techniques. Detailed discussion of results and important findings for metal-onmetal hip implants are presented for contact mechanics, friction, lubrication, and wear. The importance of integrated studies of friction, wear, and lubrication is demonstrated in order to understand the complex tribology mechanism in metal-on-metal hip implants. Concerns about the long-term potential adverse biological reactions due to metallic ions and debris are discussed, and the importance of coupled tribological-biological studies of metal-on-metal hip implants is emphasized. Finally, future developments of both tribological techniques and new hip joint implants are summarized.

Jiyun Kim, G, Silverman, B & Bharathy, G 2009, 'Challenges of Country Modeling with Databases, Newsfeeds, and Expert Surveys' in Multi-Agent Systems, CRC Press, pp. 271-300.
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Joshi, SH, Marquina, A, Osher, SJ, Dinov, I, Van Horn, JD & Toga, AW 2009, 'Edge-Enhanced Image Reconstruction Using (TV) Total Variation and Bregman Refinement' in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 389-400.
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L.Tipper, J, Richards, L, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 2009, 'Characterization of UHMWPE Wear Particles' in UHMWPE Biomaterials Handbook, Elsevier, pp. 409-422.
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This chapter clearly shows that there are many published methods suitable for separating and characterizing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear particles from tissues and simulator lubricants. Initial attempts to characterize UHMWPE wear particles released into the periprosthetic tissues around failing implants used histological staining and polarized light microscopy to identify UHMWPE. Many of these methods successfully remove proteins and lipids from particles, preserve particle morphology, and yield similar particle size distributions. Clearly, advances in technology are continually being employed and the limitations of each method are now widely recognized. Particle characterization, in terms of size and volume distributions and particle contribution to the osteolytic potential of new and existing UHMWPE materials, is recognized by academic and industrial stakeholders as being an important step in the preclinical assessment of total joint replacements. However, there is no one standard method for isolation or characterization of UHMWPE particles that can be applied to both tissues and simulator lubricant samples, and this would clearly be advantageous. © 2009 Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lin, C-T, Chen, C-H & Lin, C-J 2009, 'Nonlinear System Control Using Functional-link-based Neuro-fuzzy Networks' in Recent Advances in Intelligent Control Systems, Springer London, pp. 249-275.
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This study presents a functional-link-based neuro-fuzzy network (FLNFN) structure for nonlinear system control. The proposed FLNFN model uses a functional link neural network (FLNN) to the consequent part of the fuzzy rules. This study uses orthogonal polynomials and linearly independent functions in a functional expansion of the FLNN. Thus, the consequent part of the proposed FLNFN model is a nonlinear combination of input variables. An online learning algorithm, which consists of structure learning and parameter learning, is also presented. The structure learning depends on the entropy measure to determine the number of fuzzy rules. The parameter learning, based on the gradient descent method, can adjust the shape of the membership function and the corresponding weights of the FLNN. Finally, the FLNFN model is applied in various simulations. Results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FLNFN model. © 2009 Springer London.

Listowski, A, Ngo, H, Guo, W, Vigneswaran, S & Palmer, CG 2009, 'Assessment methodologies for water reuse scheme and technology' in Vigneswaran, S (ed), Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies, EOLSS (Encyclopaedia of Life Support Systems) Publications, Oxford, UK, pp. 279-320.
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This chapter illustrates the most basis assessment methodologies as decision support system and assessment framework for water reuse scheme and technology evaluation. It includes the analyses of life cycle, material flow, ecological footprint, health risk, energy consumption and economic and social impact in order to form rational concepts and approaches towards a comprehensive assessment method for water reuse.

Longbing, C 2009, 'Introduction to Domain Driven Data Mining' in Cao, L, Yu, PS, Zhang, C & Zhang, H (eds), Data Mining for Business Applications, Springer US, New York, USA, pp. 3-10.
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Data Mining for Business Applications presents state-of-the-art data mining research and development related to methodologies, techniques, approaches and successful applications. The contributions of this book mark a paradigm shift from "data-centered pattern mining" to "domain-driven actionable knowledge discovery (AKD)" for next-generation KDD research and applications. The contents identify how KDD techniques can better contribute to critical domain problems in practice, and strengthen business intelligence in complex enterprise applications. The volume also explores challenges and directions for future data mining research and development in the dialogue between academia and business.

McLaughlan, R & Kirkpatrick, D 2009, 'Online Role-Based Learning Designs for Teaching Complex Decision Making' in Lockyer, L, Bennett, S, Agostinho, S, Harper, B, Wollongong, UO & Australia (eds), Handbook of Research on Learning Design and Learning Objects, IGI Global, Hershey, USA, pp. 295-311.
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Decision-making processes in relation to complex natural resources require recognition and accommodation of diverse and competing perspectives in a decision context that is frequently ill defined and fraught with value judgements. Online environments can be used to develop students’ skills and understanding of these issues. The focus of this chapter is the learning design of an online roleplay-simulation (Mekong e-Sim) which was created to develop learning experiences about these types of issues across multiple institutions with students from the disciplines of engineering and the humanities. The key stages of interaction within the e-Sim are described and linked to student tasks, resources, and supports. The evolution and adaptation of the learning design used in the Mekong e-Sim has been described. Eight key challenges in the design and implementation of online roleplay-simulations have been identified. In this chapter, we have tried to address a gap in the online role-based collaborative learning literature about the design of these activities, linkages between pedagogy and information and communication technology, and how to exploit these linkages for effective learning.

Müller-Tomfelde, C & Chen, F 2009, 'Temporal and Spatial Aspects of Pointing Gestures' in Multimodal Human Computer Interaction and Pervasive Services, IGI Global, pp. 166-186.
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The detailed and profound understanding of the temporal and spatial organisation of human pointing actions is key to enable developers to build applications that successfully incorporate multimodal human computer interaction. Rather than discussing an ideal detection method for manual pointing we will discuss crucial aspects of pointing actions in time and space to develop the right solution for a particular application. One core element of pointing in the temporal domain is the so called dwell-time, the time span that people remain nearly motionless during pointing at objects to express their intention. We also discuss important findings about the spatial characteristics of the target representation for the pointing gesture.The findings foster better understanding of the role of pointing gestures in combination with other modalities and inform developer with substantial knowledge about the temporal-spatial organisation of the pointing gesture.

Ngo, H, Guo, W & Xing, W 2009, 'Applied technologies in municipal solid waste landfill leachate treatment' in Vigneswaran, S (ed), Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies, EOLSS (Encyclopaedia of Life Support Systems) Publications, Oxford, UK, pp. 199-257.
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This chapter illustrates the municipal solid waste landfillâs characteristics and discharge standard, its pollution problems and environmental impacts, and its typical applied solution technologies. The applied treatment technologies are discussed based on two main catalogues of conventional and advanced technologies. The conventional technologies include: (i) physico-chemical (coagulation-flocculation, chemical precipitation, activated carbon adsorption, ion exchange, membrane filtration, chemical oxidation etc.); (ii) biological (aerobic or anaerobic conditions, suspended-growth or attached-growth conditions, and fixed-bed or moving-bed conditions). The advanced technologies are introduced to three integration groups of (i) physicochemical, (ii) multi-biological, and (iii) physicochemical-biological processes.

Niu, L, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2009, 'A Cognition-Driven Decision Support System: FACETS' in Cognition-Driven Decision Support for Business Intelligence, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 143-156.
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Niu, L, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2009, 'Application Cases of FACETS' in Cognition-Driven Decision Support for Business Intelligence, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 179-214.
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Niu, L, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2009, 'Cognition in Business Decision Support Systems' in Cognition-Driven Decision Support for Business Intelligence, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 39-50.
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Niu, L, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2009, 'Data Warehouse Query Construction and Situation Presentation' in Cognition-Driven Decision Support for Business Intelligence, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 119-139.
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Niu, L, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2009, 'Decision Making and Decision Support Systems' in Cognition-Driven Decision Support for Business Intelligence, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 3-18.
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Niu, L, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2009, 'Domain Knowledge Representation and Processing' in Cognition-Driven Decision Support for Business Intelligence, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 77-96.
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Niu, L, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2009, 'Managerial Cognition' in Cognition-Driven Decision Support for Business Intelligence, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 31-37.
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Resconi, G & Chaczko, Z 2009, 'Morphotronic System (Theory)' in NA (ed), Computer Aided Systems Theory - EUROCAST 2009, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Las Palmas Spain, pp. 9-16.
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The Morphotronic approach postulates a significant improvement to traditional system design thinking based on the Turing Machine model. The paper presents a range of important concepts and definitions supporting this proposition.The Morphotronic system represents an abstract universe of the objects. This universe of objects has two interpretations as in the case of the voltages and currents in the electrical circuit. For the space of the voltages the objects are the voltages at edges of the electrical circuit. For the current space of the currents the objects are the currents in any edge. The dimension of the object space is equal to the number of edges in the electrical circuit. Such a space allows dual interpretation of the current and voltages. Other possible dual variables can be used in the morphotronic system as forces and the fluxes in mechanics or dissipative thermodynamics, in a general way the dual interpretation of the object space will be denoted as causes and effects. The morphogenetic system can be modelled by samples of the causes and effects. The morphotronic system with the samples generates the algorithm to implement the purpose in the system. Providing that the samples of the effect and the purpose denote a virtual cause, the vector E can be computed so that it represents the effective origin of the causes inside the purpose map. With the cause-effect rule the effective causes can be computed obtaining results that are coherent with the samples. Providing that the virtual cause is given by purpose the effective causes can be generated in agreement with the samples. The described algorithm is denoted as the projection operator that transforms a virtual cause (purpose) into an effective cause.

Robinson, NP & Ensign, PC 2009, 'How Much is Too Much? How Marketing Professionals can Avoid Violating Privacy Laws by Understanding the Privacy Principles' in Socioeconomic and Legal Implications of Electronic Intrusion, IGI Global, pp. 108-121.
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A marketeer’s point of view is presented in this chapter. Although legal restrictions safeguard processes and restrict annoying intrusive techniques, protecting customers, it can be argued that responsible privacy practices in the marketing profession will add value for consumers. As businesses compete with greater intensity to provide the customer with control over areas such as product offerings, services provided, and account management, privacy standards, being an important part of the customer-company relationship, formulate the grounds upon which businesses compete to provide greater customer control.

Shon, H 2009, 'Characteristics of Effluent Organic Matter in Wastewater' in Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies, UNESCO & Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Paris, France.

Shon, H 2009, 'Membrane Technology for Organic Removal in Wastewater' in Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies, UNESCO & Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Paris, France.

Silverman, BG, Bharathy, GK & Nye, BD 2009, 'Gaming and Simulating Ethno-Political Conflicts' in Computational Methods for Counterterrorism, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 275-301.
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This chapter begins by describing a universally recurring socio-cultural game of inter-group competition for control of resources. It next describes efforts to author software agents able to play the game as real humans would - which suggests the ability to study alternative ways to influence them, observe PMESII effects, and potentially understand how best to alter the outcomes of potential conflict situations. These agents are unscripted, but use their decision making to react to events as they unfold and to plan out responses. For each agent, a software called PMFserv operates its perception and runs its physiology and personality/value system to determine fatigue and hunger, injuries and related stressors, grievances, tension buildup, impact of rumors and speech acts, emotions, and various collective and individual action decisions. The chapter wraps up with a correspondence test from a SE Asian ethnic conflict, the results of which indicate significant correlation between real and agentbased outcomes. © 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Sinha, S, Chaczko, Z & Klempous, R 2009, 'SNIPER: A Wireless Sensor Network Simulator' in Moreno-Diaz, R, Pichler, F & Quesada-Arencibia, A (eds), Computer Aided Systems Theory - EUROCAST 2009, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Las Palmas, Spain, pp. 913-920.
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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is fast becoming the holy grail of digital surveillance, data monitoring and analysis. Being relatively cheap, low-powered and easy to deploy WSNs is being adopted in a range of different fields. Currently, the focus is towards optimizing techniques used to form sensor clusters and to route data within a network. In order to satisfy these goals a significant amount of research is being done globally and what tends to be lacking at times is the right tools to make such research work less time consuming and inexpensive. The use of simulation tools is one such adaptation that can help researchers closely analyse a particular aspect of WSN while sticking with a known environment that is applicable to other scenarios in a similar way. This paper presents the performance and features of WSNSim, a WSN Simulator and the immediate advantages that can be experienced by researchers working on various realms in this area.

Tran, Q, Henderson-Sellers, B & Hawryszkiewycz, IT 2009, 'Handbook of Research on Modern Systems Analysis and Design Technologies and Applications' in Syed, MR & Syed, SN (eds), Handbook of Research on Modern Systems Analysis and Design Technologies, IGI Global, Hershey, PA, USA, pp. 243-269.
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Method fragments for work units and workflows are identified for the support of agile methodologies. Using one such situational method engineering approach, the OPEN Process Framework, we show how the full set of these newly identified agile method fragments, each created from the relevant powertype pattern as standardized in the Australian Standard methodology metamodel of AS 4651, can be used to recreate four of the currently available agile methods: XP, Scrum, and two members of the Crystal familythus providing an initial validation of the approach and the specifically proposed method fragments for agile software development.

Tran, QNN, Henderson-Sellers, B & Hawryszkiewycz, I 2009, 'Agile Method Fragments and Construction Validation' in Handbook of Research on Modern Systems Analysis and Design Technologies and Applications, IGI Global, pp. 243-270.
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Method fragments for work units and workflows are identified for the support of agile methodologies. Using one such situational method engineering approach, the OPEN Process Framework, we show how the full set of these newly identified agile method fragments, each created from the relevant powertype pattern as standardized in the Australian Standard methodology metamodel of AS 4651, can be used to recreate four of the currently available agile methods: XP, Scrum, and two members of the Crystal family—thus providing an initial validation of the approach and the specifically proposed method fragments for agile software development.

Tran, QNN, Henderson-Sellers, B & Hawryszkiewycz, I 2009, 'Some Method Fragments for Agile Software Development' in Handbook of Research on Modern Systems Analysis and Design Technologies and Applications, IGI Global, pp. 223-242.
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The use of a situational method engineering approach to create agile methodologies is demonstrated. Although existing method bases are shown to be deficient, we take one of these (that of the OPEN Process Framework) and propose additional method fragments specific to agile methodologies. These are derived from a study of several of the existing agile methods, each fragment being created from the relevant powertype pattern as standardized in the Australian Standard methodology metamodel of AS 4651.

Tu, P, Huang, X & Dutkiewicz, E 2009, 'Adaptive Subband Selection in OFDM-BasedCognitive Radios' in Cognitive Radio Systems, InTech.
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Wang, D, Kwok, NM, Liu, DK & Ha, QP 2009, 'Ranked Pareto Particle Swarm Optimization for Mobile Robot Motion Planning' in Liu, D, Wang, L & Tan, KC (eds), Studies in Computational Intelligence, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 97-118.
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The Force Field (F 2) method is a novel approach for multi-robot motion planning and coordination. The setting of parameters in the (F 2) method, noticeably, can affect its performance. In this research, we present the Ranked Pareto Particle Swarm Optimization (RPPSO) approach as an extension of the basic idea of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), which makes it capable of solving multiobjective optimization problems efficiently. In the RPPSO, particles are initiated randomly in the search space; these particles are then evaluated for their qualities with regard to all objectives. Those particles with highly-ranked qualities have preferences to enter the set of Global Best vectors, which stores many currently best solutions found by particles. Thus, particles in RPPSO will search towards many possible directions and the diversity among solutions is well preserved. Ideally, a set of optimal solutions will be found when the termination criterion is met. The effectiveness of the proposed RPPSO is verified in simulation studies. Satisfactory results are obtained for multiobjective optimization problems of multi-robot motion planning in challenging environments with obstacles.

Weily, AR, Bird, TS, Esselle, KP & Sanders, BC 2009, 'EBG Materials and Antennas' in Advanced Millimeter-Wave Technologies, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 413-450.
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Wu, S, Zhao, Y, Zhang, H, Zhang, C, Cao, L & Bohlscheid, H 2009, 'Debt Detection in Social Security by Adaptive Sequence Classification' in Karagiannis, D & Jin, Z (eds), Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 192-203.
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Debt detection is important for improving payment accuracy in social security. Since debt detection from customer transaction data can be generally modelled as a fraud detection problem, a straightforward solution is to extract features from transaction sequences and build a sequence classifier for debts. For long-running debt detections, the patterns in the transaction sequences may exhibit variation from time to time, which makes it imperative to adapt classification to the pattern variation. In this paper, we present a novel adaptive sequence classification framework for debt detection in a social security application. The central technique is to catch up with the pattern variation by boosting discriminative patterns and depressing less discriminative ones according to the latest sequence data.

Ye, Y, He, S, Li, J, Jia, W & Wu, Q 2009, 'Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology' in Wen, P, Li, Y, Polkowski, L, Yao, Y, Tsumoto, S & Wang, G (eds), Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Germany, pp. 571-578.
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Spiral Architecture, a hexagonal image structure is a novel and powerful approach to machine vision system. The pixels on Spiral architecture are geometrically arranged using a 1D (Spiral) addressing scheme in an ascending order along a spiral-like curve. Spiral addition and Spiral multiplication are defined based on the Spiral addresses on Spiral Architecture. These two fundamental operations result in fast and easy translation, rotation and separation on images, and hence play very important roles for image processing on Spiral Architecture. Moreover, 2D coordinates according to rows and columns defined on Spiral Structure provide a good mapping to the ordinary 2D coordinates defined on the common square image structure. Therefore, how to convert the 1D Spiral addresses from and to the 2D coordinates on Spiral Architecture has become very important to apply the theory developed on a hexagonal image structure for image processing (e.g., rotation). In this paper, we perform a fast way to correctly locate any hexagonal pixel when its Spiral address is known, and compute the Spiral address of any hexagonal pixel when its location is known. As an illustration of the use of conversions, we demonstrate the accurate image translation and rotation using experimental results.

Ying, M, Duan, R, Feng, Y & Ji, Z 2009, 'Predicate Transformer Semantics of Quantum Programs' in Gay, S & Mackie, I (eds), Semantic Techniques in Quantum Computation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 311-360.
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This chapter presents a systematic exposition of predicate transformer semantics for quantum programs. It is divided into two parts: The first part reviews the state transformer (forward) semantics of quantum programs according to Selingerâs suggestion of representing quantum programs by superoperators and elucidates DâHondt-Panangadenâs theory of quantum weakest preconditions in detail. In the second part, we develop a quite complete predicate transformer semantics of quantum programs based on Birkhoffâvon Neumann quantum logic by considering only quantum predicates expressed by projection operators. In particular, the universal coujunctivity and termination law of quantum programs are proved, and Hoareâs induction rule is established in the quantum setting.

Zhang, Y & Xu, G 2009, 'Singular Value Decomposition' in Encyclopedia of Database Systems, Springer US, pp. 2657-2658.
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Zhang, Z, Grover, DP & Zhou, JL 2009, 'Monitoring of Pharmaceutical Residues in Sewage Effluents' in Nollet, LML (ed), Handbook of Water Purity and Quality, Elsevier, Iowa, pp. 315-342.
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Zhao, Y, Cao, L, Zhang, H & Zhang, C 2009, 'Data Clustering' in Handbook of Research on Innovations in Database Technologies and Applications, IGI Global, pp. 562-572.
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Clustering is one of the most important techniques in data mining. This chapter presents a survey of popular approaches for data clustering, including well-known clustering techniques, such as partitioning clustering, hierarchical clustering, density-based clustering and grid-based clustering, and recent advances in clustering, such as subspace clustering, text clustering and data stream clustering. The major challenges and future trends of data clustering will also be introduced in this chapter. The remainder of this chapter is organized as follows. The background of data clustering will be introduced in Section 2, including the definition of clustering, categories of clustering techniques, features of good clustering algorithms, and the validation of clustering. Section 3 will present main approaches for clustering, which range from the classic partitioning and hierarchical clustering to recent approaches of bi-clustering and semisupervised clustering. Challenges and future trends will be discussed in Section 4, followed by the conclusions in the last section.

Zhao, Y, Cao, L, Zhang, H & Zhang, C 2009, 'Handbook of Research on Innovations in Database Technologies and Applications' in Ferraggine, VE, Doorn, JH & Rivero, LC (eds), Handbook of Research on Innovations in Database Technologies and Applications: Current and Future Tr, IGI Global, USA, pp. 562-572.
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Clustering is one of the most important techniques in data mining. This chapter presents a survey of popular approaches for data clustering, including well-known clustering techniques, such as partitioning clustering, hierarchical clustering, density-based clustering and grid-based clustering, and recent advances in clustering, such as subspace clustering, text clustering and data stream clustering. The major challenges and future trends of data clustering will also be introduced in this chapter. The remainder of this chapter is organized as follows. The background of data clustering will be introduced in Section 2, including the definition of clustering, categories of clustering techniques, features of good clustering algorithms, and the validation of clustering. Section 3 will present main approaches for clustering, which range from the classic partitioning and hierarchical clustering to recent approaches of bi-clustering and semisupervised clustering. Challenges and future trends will be discussed in Section 4, followed by the conclusions in the last section.

Zhao, Y, Zhang, H, Cao, L, Zhang, H, Bohlscheid, H, Ou, Y & Zhang, C 2009, 'Data Mining Applications in Social Security' in Cao, L, Yu, PS, Zhang, C & Zhang, H (eds), Data Mining for Business Applications, Springer US, New York, USA, pp. 81-96.
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This chapter presents four applications of data mining in social security. The first is an application of decision tree and association rules to find the demographic patterns of customers. Sequence mining is used in the second application to find activity sequence patterns related to debt occurrence. In the third application, combined association rules are mined from heterogeneous data sources to discover patterns of slow payers and quick payers. In the last application, clustering and analysis of variance are employed to check the effectiveness of a new policy.

Zhou, JL & Zhang, Z 2009, 'Pharmaceutical compounds in estuarine and coastal waters' in Oliver Wurl (ed), Practical Guidelines for the Analysis of Seawater, CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 351-367.

-, BM, -, ZC & -, MK 2009, 'Updating Electronic Health Records with Information from Sensor Systems: Considerations Relating To Standards and Architecture Arising From the Development of a Prototype System', Journal of Convergence Information Technology, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 21-26.
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Several countries around the globe are moving towards national and international standards for Electronic Health Records (EHRs). One function of the standards is to guide the long-term convergence of local systems into integrated evolving national health information systems. The Australian commonwealth government is implementing a nationwide EHR system whereby every Australian will be able to upload data to his or her EHR. Thus Australians, if they wish, will eventually be able to upload data from on-body sensors and in-home monitoring systems to their EHRs. This article explores issues associated with the architecture of systems which allow medical records to be updated with information from monitoring/sensor systems. A prototype was developed to determine some of the key architectural considerations. A sensor simulator was implemented for testing purposes which allows a user of the simulator to impersonate a bed or group of in-home or on-body sensors connected with a person who is in a hospital, retirement home or private home. Findings are discussed relating to key architectural considerations including security, maintainability and modularity.

Abdallah, ME & Waldron, KJ 2009, 'The mechanics of biped running and a stable control strategy', Robotica, vol. 27, no. 05, pp. 789-789.
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Abdul, JM, Vigneswaran, S, Shon, HK, Nathaporn, A & Kandasamy, J 2009, 'Comparison of granular activated carbon bio-sorption and advanced oxidation processes in the treatment of leachate effluent', Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 724-730.
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Abedin, B & Sohrabi, B 2009, 'Graph theory application and web page ranking for website link structure improvement', BEHAVIOUR & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 63-72.
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Since the web is always developing, and users' needs are constantly changing, organisations in recent decades have increasingly focused on developing information and communication technologies (ICTs). To introduce new e-services to their customers, they have largely invested in web development and promotional activities. The present study, therefore, describes a novel approach for evaluating and improving website link structure by using web usage mining, as well as assessing the usage pattern of an Iranian organisation. Analysing this pattern, the visited paths are illustrated and the website is modelled as a directed graph. On the basis of graph theory definitions, some measures are introduced and applied to evaluate website usability and link structures. Finally, a ranking improvement strategy is proposed and findings are discussed.

Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 2009, 'Soft Glass Equiangular Spiral Photonic Crystal Fiber for Supercontinuum Generation', IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 21, no. 22, pp. 1722-1724.
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Ahmadizadeh, Y, Javaherian, C & Shokri, B 2009, 'Response to “Comment on ‘Study of geometrical effects on the characteristics of metallic double-walled carbon nanotube waveguides through quantum hydrodynamics’ ” [Phys. Plasmas 16, 084703 (2009)]', Physics of Plasmas, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 084704-084704.
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Ahmadizadeh, Y, Javaherian, C & Shokri, B 2009, 'Study of geometrical effects on the characteristics of metallic double-walled carbon nanotube waveguides through quantum hydrodynamics', Physics of Plasmas, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 063501-063501.
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Ahn, C, Bennett, N, Dunham, ST & Cowern, NEB 2009, 'Stress effects on impurity solubility in crystalline materials: A general model and density-functional calculations for dopants in silicon', Physical Review B, vol. 79, no. 7.
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Ahuja, SS, Ramasubramanian, S & Krunz, M 2009, 'Single-Link Failure Detection in All-Optical Networks Using Monitoring Cycles and Paths', IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 1080-1093.
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Al Fugara, AM, Pradhan, B & Ahmed Mohamed, T 2009, 'Improvement of land-use classification using object-oriented and fuzzy logic approach', Applied Geomatics, vol. 1, no. 4, p. 111.
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Alakel, N, Jing, D, Muller, K, Bornhauser, M, Ehninger, G & Ordemann, R 2009, 'Direct contact with mesenchymal stromal cells affects migratory behavior and gene expression profile of CD133+ hematopoietic stem cells during ex vivo expansion', Experimental Hematology, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 504-513.
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Alavi, AH, Gandomi, AH, Gandomi, M & Sadat Hosseini, SS 2009, 'Prediction of maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of stabilised soil using RBF neural networks', The IES Journal Part A: Civil & Structural Engineering, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 98-106.
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This article proposes a novel approach for the prediction of maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) of soil-stabiliser mix by using radial basis function (RBF) neural networks. RBF neural network is utilised to construct comprehensive and accurate models to be able to relate the MDD and OMC of stabilised soil to the properties of natural soil such as particle size distribution, plasticity, linear shrinkage and the type and quantity of stabilising additives. Two separate sets of RBF prediction models, one for the MDD and the other for the OMC, have been developed. A parametric study was also conducted in this study using the results obtained from the proposed models to evaluate the sensitivity of MDD and OMC due to variation of the influencing parameters. A comprehensive set of data including a wide range of soil types obtained from previously published stabilisation test results was used for training, validation and testing the prediction models. The accuracy of the proposed models is satisfactory when compared with that of the experimental results. The results of proposed RBF models were further compared with those of the existing models found in literature and found to be more accurate. © 2009 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Al-Mahmoud, F, Castel, A, François, R & Tourneur, C 2009, 'Strengthening of RC members with near-surface mounted CFRP rods', Composite Structures, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 138-147.
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Altaee, A, Al-Rawajfeh, AE & Baek, YJ 2009, 'Application of Vibratory System to Improve the Critical Flux in Submerged Hollow Fiber MF Process', Separation Science and Technology, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 28-34.
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Areerachakul, N, Kitiphatmontree, M, Kandasamy, J, Kus, B, Duangduen, C, Pivsa-Art, S & Vigneswaran, S 2009, 'Submerged Membrane System with Biofilter as a Treatment to Rainwater', Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus, vol. 9, no. 5-6, pp. 431-438.
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Rainwater has been used as drinking water in Thailand for centuries especially in the rural parts and is accepted as an important water resource. From past to present, the quality of rainwater has changed with the landuse of the landscape, and its water quality is influenced by a diverse range of conditions such as the management of pollutant sources, the catchment condition, wind and meteorological conditions, and the location of rainwater collection points. In this study, the quality of rainwater collected off roofs at several locations was examined. Granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration was used as a pretreatment to microfiltration (MF) to remove the dissolved organic matter (DOC). After an initial adsorption period, the biofilm that formed on the GAC (biofilter) was found to remove DOC by up to 40%, 35%, and 15% for bed filter depths of 15, 10, and 5 cm, respectively. Biofilters also removed nitrate and phosphate by more than 80% and 35%. The hollow fiber membrane microfiltration with pore size of 0.1 μm was used to treat the effluent from biofiltration to remove the microorganisms/pathogens in the rainwater. Although there was no significant additional removal of DOC by MF, the biofilter removed all microorganisms. The use of biofilters as pretreatment to MF/UF could remove a higher amount of DOC, remove microorganisms, increase the membrane treatment efficiency, and reduce membrane fouling.

Arndt, GM, Dossey, L, Cullen, LM, Lai, A, Druker, R, Eisbacher, M, Zhang, C, Tran, N, Fan, H, Retzlaff, K, Bittner, A & Raponi, M 2009, 'Characterization of global microRNA expression reveals oncogenic potential of miR-145 in metastatic colorectal cancer', BMC Cancer, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-17.
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Abstract Background MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that control protein expression through various mechanisms. Their altered expression has been shown to be associated with various cancers. The aim of this study was to profile miRNA expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to analyze the function of specific miRNAs in CRC cells. MirVana miRNA Bioarrays were used to determine the miRNA expression profile in eight CRC cell line models, 45 human CRC samples of different stages, and four matched normal colon tissue samples. SW620 CRC cells were stably transduced with miR-143 or miR-145 expression vectors and analyzed in vitro for cell proliferation, cell differentiation and anchorage-independent growth. Signalling pathways associated with differentially expressed miRNAs were identified using a gene set enrichment analysis. Results The expression analysis of clinical CRC samples identified 37 miRNAs that were differentially expressed between CRC and normal tissue. Furthermore, several of these miRNAs were associated with CRC tumor progression including loss of miR-133a and gain of miR-224. We identified 11 common miRNAs that were differentially expressed between normal colon and CRC in both the cell line models and clinical samples. In vitro functional studies indicated that miR-143 and miR-145 appear to function in opposing manners to either inhibit or augment cell proliferation in a metastatic CRC model. The pathways targeted by miR-143 and miR-145 showed no significant overlap. Furthermore, gene expression analysis of metastatic versus non-metastatic isogenic cell lines indicated that miR-145 targets involved in cell cycle and neuregulin pathways were significantly down-regulated in the metastatic context. ...

Aryal, R, Kandasamy, J, Vigneswaran, S, Naidu, R & Lee, SH 2009, 'Review of Stormwater Quality, Quantity and Treatment Methods Part 2: Stormwater: Quality Modelling', Environmental Engineering Research, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 143-149.
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In this paper, review of stormwater quality and quantity in the urban environment is presented. The review is presented in three parts. This second part reviews the mathematical techniques used in stormwater quality modelling and has been undertaken by examining a number of models that are in current use. The important features of models are discussed.

Aryal, R, Lebegue, J, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Grasmick, A 2009, 'Identification and characterisation of biofilm formed on membrane bio-reactor', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 86-94.
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Experiments were conducted in a laboratory scale membrane bio-reactor (MBR) system equipped with a side stream flat sheet membrane. Six runs lasting different durations (2, 4, 6, 9, 15 and 20 days) were conducted at an aeration rate of 2 m3 h-1 m-2 to understand the temporal variation of chemistry of foulant that attached on the membrane surface. The foulant attached on the membrane surface was extracted with 0.5% (v/v) NaOH solution and the extract was analysed using fluorescent spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. Variation of low- and high-molecular weight substances with evolution of time was compared. The results showed that the nature of foulant changed with the evolution of time. Four runs conducted for a short duration (2, 4, 6 and 9 days), low-molecular weight substances were dominant in the foulant whereas for long duration runs (15 and 20 days), high-molecular weight substances were mainly observed. Moreover, the foulant close to the membrane surface contained mainly protein and soluble microbial by-products.

Aryal, RK, Lebegue, J, Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Grasmick, A 2009, 'Temporal variation of foulant characteristics in membrane bioreactor', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 6, no. 1-3, pp. 69-73.
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Many studies have been performed to analyse the influence of compounds present in different fractions of the membrane foulants. The aim of this study was to reveal the changing chemistry of compounds present in membrane foulant with the evolution of time. Membrane fouling in a side stream membrane bioreactor (MBR) reactor was investigated. Constant flux filtration was employed in an MBR operation. Air bubbles were injected at 2 m3 h1 m2 for six different durations (2, 4, 6, 9, 15 and 20 days) of MBR operation. The foulant on the membrane surface was extracted using NaOH solution (5%) and analysed using fluorescent spectroscopy. The spectra showed the changing chemistry of foulant with the evolution of time. It showed low molecular weight substances such as amino acids and small aromatic proteins were dominant in the foulant at the beginning of the experiment but its concentration decreased with time. On the other hand BOD5 type substances concentration increased with time from the beginning of the experiment up to 9 days and there after decreased. The concentration of larger molecular weight soluble microbial by-products increased with evolution of time. Air bubbles at two aeration rate of 1m3 h1m2 and 2 m3 h1 m2 were also injected from the bottom of the membrane tanks to produce shear stresses on the membrane surface during 5 days of MBR operation to compare the effect of aeration in fouling propensity.

Aslund, ML & Canning, J 2009, 'Air-clad fibres for astronomical instrumentation: focal-ratio degradation', EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY, vol. 24, no. 1-3, pp. 1-7.
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Atakaramians, S, Cook, K, Ebendorff-Heidepriem, H, Afshar, SV, Canning, J, Abbott, D & Monro, TM 2009, 'Cleaving of Extremely Porous Polymer Fibers', IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 286-292.
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Aye, TM, Hedley, MJ, Loganathan, P, Lefroy, RDB & Bolan, NS 2009, 'Effect of organic and inorganic phosphate fertilizers and their combination on maize yield and phosphorus availability in a Yellow Earth in Myanmar', NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS, vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 111-123.
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Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major constraint for crop production in many parts of the world including Myanmar and field research into management of P fertilizers and P responsiveness of crops on infertile soils has been limited. The purpose of this study is to determine maize yield response to different forms of P fertilizers on an acidic (pH 4.9) P deficient (Olsen-P 8 mg kg -1) Yellow Earth (Acrisol) in Southern Shan State, Myanmar and to establish relationships between soil Olsen-P test values (0.5 M sodium bicarbonate extracted P) and maize yield. Field experiments were conducted during two cropping seasons. There were 15 treatments in total: P was applied at seven rates of a soluble P fertilizer as Triple superphosphate (TSP) (0-120 kg P ha-1) to establish a P response curve; one rate of a partially soluble P fertilizer (Chinese partially acidulated phosphate rock, CPAPR) and two organic P fertilizers (farmyard manure (FYM) and Tithonia diversifolia) at 20 kg P ha-1; combination of TSP and CPAPR at 20 kg P ha-1 with FYM and Tithonia at 20 kg P ha-1; an additional treatment (TSP 20 kg P ha-1 plus 2.5 t ha-1 dolomite) for assessing the liming effect of a local dolomite. In Year 1, applications of TSP at 40-60 kg P ha-1 produced near maximum grain yields, whereas in Year 2 this could be achieved with a reapplication of 20-30 kg P ha-1 on top of the residual value of the Year 1 application. In both years, CPAPR, TSP and Tithonia at 20 kg P ha-1 significantly increased maize grain yield, but FYM failed to increase grain yield. In Year 1, CPAPR and TSP effects on grain yield were higher than that of Tithonia but in Year 2 the effects were same for all these three treatments. In both years the combination of FYM (20 kg P ha -1) with TSP (20 kg P ha-1) produced significantly higher grain yield than TSP at 20 kg P ha-1 whereas 40 kg P ha-1 of TSP application did not significantly increase grain yield over the TSP application at 20 kg P ha-1. Similar results were o...

Azadeh, A, Aramoon, M & Saberi, M 2009, 'An integrated GA-time series algorithm for forecasting oil production estimation: USA, Russia, India, and Brazil', International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 368-368.
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This study presents an integrated algorithm for forecasting oil production based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA) with variable parameters using stochastic procedures, time series and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The significance of the proposed algorithm is two fold. First, it is flexible and identifies the best model based on the results of ANOVA and MAPE, whereas previous studies consider the best fitted GA model based on Minimum Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) or relative error results. Second, the proposed algorithm may identify conventional time series as the best model for future oil production forecasting because of its dynamic structure, whereas previous studies assume that GA always provides the best solutions and estimation. To show the applicability and superiority of the proposed algorithm, the data for oil production in USA, Russia, India and Brazil from 2001 to 2006 are used and applied to the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2009, Inderscience Publishers.

Azadeh, A, Ardalani, N & Saberi, M 2009, 'Improved estimation of sir in mobile Cdma systems by integration of artificial neural network and time series technique', Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 2955-2962.
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This study presents an integrated Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and time series framework to estimate and predict Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) in Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS/CDMA) systems. It is difficult to model uncertain behavior of SIR with only conventional ANN or time series and the integrated algorithm could be an ideal substitute for such cases. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach based on supervised multi layer perceptron (MLP) network are used in the proposed algorithm. All type of ANN-MLP are examined in present study. At last, Coefficient of Determination (R2) is used for selecting preferred model from different constructed MLP-ANN. One of unique feature of the proposed algorithm is utilization of Autocorrelation Function (ACF) to define input variables whereas conventional methods which use trial and error method. This is the first study that integrates ANN and time series for improved estimation of SIR in mobile CDMA systems. © 2009, INSInet Publication.

Azadeh, A, Khakestani, M & Saberi, M 2009, 'A flexible fuzzy regression algorithm for forecasting oil consumption estimation', Energy Policy, vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 5567-5579.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Anvari, M & Izadbakhsh, HR 2009, 'A Meta heuristic approach for performance assessment of production units', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 6559-6569.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Gitiforouz, A & Saberi, Z 2009, 'A hybrid simulation-adaptive network based fuzzy inference system for improvement of electricity consumption estimation', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 11108-11117.
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Azadeh, A, Sharifi, S & Saberi, M 2009, 'Design and implementation of a human centered expert system for improvement of strategic planning in a manufacturer of construction products', Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 2447-2458.
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This paper introduces a human centered expert system for design and improvement of strategic planning in a manufacturer of construction products. The development process of the expert system is facilitated through knowledge base, learning module, inference engine, description tools and usability testing and inspection. To achieve the above objective, all indigenous and exogenous factors affecting strategic planning are categorized and translated into rules in the expert system. Moreover, general strategies and their decision circumstances or criteria are given to the system. The humancentered expert system is designed and tested for a medium-sized manufacturer of construction products. The s uperiority and applicability of the expert system was designed and tested for a manufacturer of construction products. This is the first study that introduces a human-centered expert system for improvement of strategic planning. © 2009, INSInet Publication.

Babl, FE, Oakley, E & Sharwood, LN 2009, 'The utility of nitrous oxide', Emergency Medicine Journal, vol. 26, no. 7, pp. 544-545.
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Ball, JE 2009, 'Discussion of “Automatic Calibration of the U.S. EPA SWMM Model for a Large Urban Catchment” by J. Barco, K. M. Wong, and M. K. Stenstrom', Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, vol. 135, no. 12, pp. 1108-1110.
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Ball, JE 2009, 'Discussion of 'Automatic Calibration of the US EPA SWMM Model for a Large Urban Catchment' by J. Barco, K. M. Wong, and M. K. Stenstrom', JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE, vol. 135, no. 12, pp. 1108-1110.
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Bany Salameh, H & Krunz, M 2009, 'Channel access protocols for multihop opportunistic networks: challenges and recent developments', IEEE Network, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 14-19.
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Bao, C, Hao, H, Li, Z-X & Zhu, X 2009, 'Time-varying system identification using a newly improved HHT algorithm', Computers & Structures, vol. 87, no. 23-24, pp. 1611-1623.
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Baxter, RM, Steinbeck, MJ, Tipper, JL, Parvizi, J, Marcolongo, M & Kurtz, SM 2009, 'Comparison of periprosthetic tissue digestion methods for ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear debris extraction', Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, vol. 91B, no. 1, pp. 409-418.
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Bennett, NS, Cowern, NEB & Sealy, BJ 2009, 'Model for electron mobility as a function of carrier concentration and strain in heavily doped strained silicon', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 94, no. 25, pp. 252109-252109.
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Beveridge, NJ, Tooney, PA, Carroll, AP, Tran, N & Cairns, MJ 2009, 'Down-regulation of miR-17 family expression in response to retinoic acid induced neuronal differentiation', Cellular Signalling, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 1837-1845.
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Whole-genome microRNA and gene expression analyses were used to monitor changes during retinoic acid induced differentiation of neuroblasts in vitro. Interestingly, the entire miR-17 family was over-represented among the down-regulated miRNA. The implications of these changes are considerable, as target gene prediction suggests that the miR-17 family is involved in the regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, synaptic plasticity and other markers of neuronal differentiation. Significantly, many of the target responses predicted by changes in miRNA expression were supported by the observed changes in gene expression. As expected, markers of neuronal differentiation such as anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), myocyte enhancer factor-2D (MEF2D) and zipper protein kinase (MAP3K12; aka ZPK/MUK/DLK) were each up-regulated in response to differentiation. The expression of these genes was also reduced in response to miR-17 and miR-20a transfection, and more specifically they were also shown to contain functional miRNA recognition elements for members of the miR-17 family by reporter gene assay. This suggests that the miR-17 family have an integral role in fine-tuning the pathways involved in the regulation of neuronal differentiation

Beydoun, G 2009, 'Formal concept analysis for an e-learning semantic web', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 10952-10961.
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Beydoun, G, Low, G, Henderson-Sellers, B, Mouratidis, H, Gomez-Sanz, JJ, Pavon, J & Gonzalez-Perez, C 2009, 'FAML: A Generic Metamodel for MAS Development', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 841-863.
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AbstractIn some areas of software engineering research, there are several metamodels claiming to capture the main issues. Though it is profitable to have variety at the beginning of a research field, after some time, the diversity of metamodels becomes an obstacle, for instance to the sharing of results between research groups. To reach consensus and unification of existing metamodels, metamodel-driven software language engineering can be applied. This paper illustrates an application of software language engineering in the agent-oriented software engineering research domain. Here, we introduce a relatively generic agent-oriented metamodel whose suitability for supporting modeling language development is demonstrated by evaluating it with respect to several existing methodology-specific metamodels. First, the metamodel is constructed by a combination of bottom-up and top-down analysis and best practice. The concepts thus obtained and their relationships are then evaluated by mapping to two agent-oriented metamodels: TAO and Islander. We then refine the metamodel by extending the comparisons with the metamodels implicit or explicit within five more extant agent-oriented approaches: Adelfe, PASSI, Gaia, INGENIAS, and Tropos. The resultant FAML metamodel is a potential candidate for future standardization as an important component for engineering an agent modeling language.

Beydoun, G, Low, G, Mouratidis, H & Henderson-Sellers, B 2009, 'A security-aware metamodel for multi-agent systems (MAS)', INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 832-845.
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This paper adopts a model-based security (MBS) approach to identify security requirements during the early stages of multi-agent system development. Our adopted MBS approach is underpinned by a metamodel independent of any specific methodology. It allows for security considerations to be embedded within any situated agent methodology which then prescribes security considerations within its work products. Using a standard model-driven engineering (MDE) approach, these work products are initially constructed as high abstraction models and then transformed into more precise models until code-specific models can be produced. A multi-agent system case study is used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed security-aware metamodel.

Biankin, AV, Kench, JG, Colvin, EK, Segara, D, Scarlett, CJ, Nguyen, NQ, Chang, DK, Morey, AL, Lee, C, Pinese, M, Kuo, SCL, Susanto, JM, Cosman, PH, Lindeman, GJ, Visvader, JE, Nguyen, TV, Merrett, ND, Warusavitarne, J, Musgrove, EA, Henshall, SM & Sutherland, RL 2009, 'Expression of S100A2 Calcium-Binding Protein Predicts Response to Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Cancer', Gastroenterology, vol. 137, no. 2, pp. 558-568.e11.
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BACKGROUND & AIMS: Current methods of preoperative staging and predicting outcome following pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer (PC) are inadequate. We evaluated the utility of multiple biomarkers from distinct biologic pathways as potential predictive markers of response to pancreatectomy and patient survival. METHODS: We assessed the relationship of candidate biomarkers known, or suspected, to be aberrantly expressed in PC, with disease-specific survival and response to therapy in a cohort of 601 patients. RESULTS: Of the 17 candidate biomarkers examined, only elevated expression of S100A2 was an independent predictor of survival in both the training (n = 162) and validation sets (n = 439; hazard ratio [HR], 2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48-3.25; P < .0001) when assessed in a multivariate model with clinical variables. Patients with high S100A2 expressing tumors had no survival benefit with pancreatectomy compared with those with locally advanced disease, whereas those without high S100A2 expression had a survival advantage of 10.6 months (19.4 vs 8.8 months, respectively) and a HR of 3.23 (95% Cl: 2.39-4.33; P < .0001). Of significance, patients with S100A2-negative tumors had a significant survival benefit from pancreatectomy even in the presence of involved surgical margins (median, 15.7 months; P = .0007) or lymph node metastases (median, 17.4 months; P = .0002). CONCLUSIONS: S100A2 expression is a good predictor of response to pancreatectomy for PC anti suggests that high S100A2 expression may be a marker of a metastatic phenotype. Prospective measurement of S100A2 expression in diagnostic biopsy samples has potential clinical Utility as a predictive marker of response to pancreatectomy and other therapies that target locoregional disease.

Bin, C, Joshi, SC & Lam, YC 2009, 'Bio-fluid uptake and release of Indomethacin of direct-compressed HPMC tablets', Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 282-286.
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Bird, TS 2009, 'Definition and Misuse of Return Loss [Report of the Transactions Editor-in-Chief]', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 166-167.
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Bird, TS 2009, 'Editorial', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 1306-1308.
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Biswajeet, P & Hamid, A 2009, 'Oil spill trajectory simulation and coastal sensitivity risk mapping', Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 73-80.
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This paper deals with detection of oil spill areas from Radarsat images for the Tanjung Piai coast of Strait of Malacca and subsequently model those spilled areas to generate coastal sensitivity index maps for the study area. Spill areas were classified based on their chemical composition and were extracted from satellite images supported with field surveys. Maps of the topography, land cover were constructed from the spatial data sets in GIS. Bathymetry map, shoreline sensitivity, socioeconomic, biological, wind and sea current data were extracted from various resources and modeled in GIS for oil spill trajectory simulation analysis. An oil spill simulation model was developed as a way to find the suitable solution for emergency response and management in case of any future spill occurs in the study area. Remote sensing, GIS and other geomatic systems can be employed to mitigate the ageold problems of information availability and timeliness, data management and synoptic inventory of natural resources when an oil spill caused by accident or human error. This paper describes application of remote sensing and GIS for detecting, mapping, evaluating and modeling of spills in sea environments in order to reduce responding time and qualify the decision making process in contingency planning.

Biswajeet, P & Mardiana, S 2009, 'Flood Hazrad Assessment for Cloud Prone Rainy Areas in a Typical Tropical Environment', DISASTER ADVANCES, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 7-15.

Bliuc, D 2009, 'Mortality Risk Associated With Low-Trauma Osteoporotic Fracture and Subsequent Fracture in Men and Women', JAMA, vol. 301, no. 5, pp. 513-513.
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Bremner, MJ, Mora, C & Winter, A 2009, 'Are Random Pure States Useful for Quantum Computation?', PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol. 102, no. 19.
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We show the following: a randomly chosen pure state as a resource for measurement-based quantum computation iswith overwhelming probabilityof no greater help to a polynomially bounded classical control computer, than a string of random bits. Thus, unlike the familiar ``cluster states, the computing power of a classical control device is not increased from P to BQP (bounded-error, quantum polynomial time), but only to BPP (bounded-error, probabilistic polynomial time). The same holds if the task is to sample from a distribution rather than to perform a bounded-error computation. Furthermore, we show that our results can be extended to states with significantly less entanglement than random states.

Bridge, P, Pocock, NA, Nguyen, T, Munns, C, Cowell, CT & Thompson, MW 2009, 'Prediction of Appendicular Skeletal and Fat Mass in Children: Excellent Concordance of Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry and Magnetic Resonance Imaging', Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 795-804.
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Budka, M & Gabrys, B 2009, 'Electrostatic Field Classifier for Deficient Data', Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, vol. 57, pp. 311-318.
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This paper investigates the suitability of recently developed models based on the physical field phenomena for classification of incomplete datasets. An original approach to exploiting incomplete training data with missing features and labels, involving extensive use of electrostatic charge analogy has been proposed. Classification of incomplete patterns has been investigated using a local dimensionality reduction technique, which aims at exploiting all available information rather than trying to estimate the missing values. The performance of all proposed methods has been tested on a number of benchmark datasets for a wide range of missing data scenarios and compared to the performance of some standard techniques.

Buhl, M, Bohnen, F, Deuse, J & Schneider, R 2009, 'Systematic approach for production levelling in low volume and high mix production', Productivity Management, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 19-22.
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Production Levelling is a method to balance production- and logistics capacities, avoid waste and thereby increase the efficiency in production. In high volume production levelling is successfully implemented, but needs to be modified in order to adapt it to low volume and high mix production. This article introduces a systematic approach for production levelling considering constraints and targets of versatile low volume production. © GITO-Verlag.

Buhl, M, Bosch, RAG & Deuse, J 2009, 'Step-up model for levelling in low volume high mix production', PPS Management, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 26-29.
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The principle of production leveling is, expanding from the automotive industries, aimed to be implemented in the low volume high mix production. The creation of an even and repetitive production pattern by levelling is seen as main factor for smoothing the supply chain and as precondition for the realization of a low-inventory production. This can be realized only adapted due to inhomogeneous product-ranges and alternating customer-demands. In this article fundaments and possible stepups for production levelling in the low volume high mix production are shown. © GITO-Verlag.

Burdon, S, Chelliah, J & Bhalla, A 2009, 'Structuring enduring strategic alliances: the case of Shell Australia and Transfield Services', Journal of Business Strategy, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 42-51.
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PurposeThis paper provides insights into the evolution of the strategic alliance between Shell and Transfield Services in Sydney, Australia in the area of engineering and facilities management.Design/methodology/approachTo gain an in‐depth understanding of the distinct developmental phases in the alliance relationship, we conducted 12 interviews and a survey yielding 39 responses from the management and operations staff of both these organizations.FindingsInitially the alliance between Shell and Transfield Services was established with fundamental building blocks of trust and flexibility. However, as the relationship progressed with subsequent contract renewals, complex value adding demands were placed on the alliance. This paper provides insights into understanding three generations of evolution in the relationship‐starting from the building of a successful relationship based on labor savings and then on to one which seeks incremental innovations to become one of the most efficient maintenance operators in the world and finally seeking additional capabilities to continue improving alliance outcomes.Originality/valueThe paper is aimed at managers who are involved in structuring and managing outsourcing arrangements. Referring to outsourcing as an alliance arrangement, the paper points out that as alliance relationships mature, managers need to progress from a fee‐for‐service model to trusted collaboration, and finally to an alliance with joint strategic objectives. Drawing from the case of Shell and Transfield, we pre...

Burnham, DR & McGloin, D 2009, 'Radius measurements of optically trapped aerosols through Brownian motion', New Journal of Physics, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 063022-063022.
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Butler, JR, Wills, JB, Mitchem, L, Burnham, DR, McGloin, D & Reid, JP 2009, 'Spectroscopic characterisation and manipulation of arrays of sub-picolitre aerosol droplets', Lab Chip, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 521-528.
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Cai, S, He, F, Samra, HS, de la Maza, LM, Bottazzi, ME, Joshi, SB & Middaugh, CR 2009, 'Biophysical and Stabilization Studies of the Chlamydia trachomatis Mouse Pneumonitis Major Outer Membrane Protein', Molecular Pharmaceutics, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 1553-1561.
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Canning, J 2009, 'Properties of Specialist Fibres and Bragg Gratings for Optical Fiber Sensors', Journal of Sensors, vol. 2009, pp. 1-17.
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The advent of optical fibres based on air holes running along their entirety opens up new directions in addressing various properties relevant to sensing, including the temperature/strain challenge of optical fibre sensors. This paper looks at the measurement challenges associated with temperature and strain, examines the potentially unique functionality structured fibre designs with and without gratings open up, and briefly describes some current research directions within conventional fibre and grating technologies.

Canning, J, Bandyopadhyay, S, Stevenson, M, Biswas, P, Fenton, J & Aslund, M 2009, 'Regenerated gratings', JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN OPTICAL SOCIETY-RAPID PUBLICATIONS, vol. 4.
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Canning, J, Kristensen, M, Skivesen, N, Martelli, C, Tetu, A & Frandsen, LH 2009, 'Spectrally narrow polarisation conversion in a slow-light photonic crystal waveguide', JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN OPTICAL SOCIETY-RAPID PUBLICATIONS, vol. 4.
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Cao, B, Joshi, SP & Ramesh, KT 2009, 'Strengthening mechanisms in cryomilled ultrafine-grained aluminum alloy at quasi-static and dynamic rates of loading', Scripta Materialia, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 619-622.
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Cao, J, Hamilton-Craig, I, Sun, J, Howes, L, Edwards, J & Jayasinghe, R 2009, 'Bisoprolo vs. carvedilol: a comparison of clinical efficacy and tolerability in congestive cardiac failure', Australasian medical journal, pp. 1-19.
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Cao, L & He, T 2009, 'Developing actionable trading agents', Knowledge and Information Systems, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 183-198.
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Trading agents are useful for developing and back-testing quality trading strategies to support smart trading actions in the market. However, most of the existing trading agent research oversimplifies trading strategies, and focuses on simulated ones. As a result, there exists a big gap between the deliverables and business needs when the developed strategies are deployed into the real life. Therefore, the actionable capability of developed trading agents is often very limited. This paper for the first time introduces effective approaches for optimizing and integrating multiple classes of strategies through trading agent collaboration. An integration and optimization approach is proposed to identify optimal trading strategy in each category, and further integrate optimal strategies crossing classes. Positions associated with these optimal strategies are recommended for trading agents to take actions in the market. Extensive experiments on a large quantity of real-life market data show that trading agents following the recommended strategies have great potential to obtain high benefits while low costs. This verifies that it is promising to develop trading agents toward workable and satisfying business needs.

Cao, L & Yu, P 2009, 'Behavior Informatics: An Informatics Perspective for Behavior Studies', IEEE Computational Intelligence Bulletin, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 6-11.
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Behavior is increasingly recognized as a key entity in business intelligence and problem-solving. Even though behavior analysis has been extensively investigated in social sciences and behavior sciences, in which qualitative and psychological methods have been the main means, nevertheless to conduct formal representation and deep quantitative analysis it is timely to investigate behavior from the informatics perspective. This article highlights the basic framework of behavior informatics, which aims to supply methodologies, approaches, means and tools for formal behavior modeling and representation, behavioral data construction, behavior impact modeling, behavior network analysis, behavior pattern analysis, behavior presentation, management and use. Behavior informatics can greatly complement existing studies in terms of providing more formal, quantitative and computable mechanisms and tools for deep understanding and use.

Cao, L, Gorodetsky, V & Mitkas, PA 2009, 'Agent Mining: The Synergy of Agents and Data Mining', IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 64-72.
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Autonomous agents and multiagent systems (or agents) and data mining and knowledge discovery (or data mining) are two of the most active areas in information technology. Ongoing research has revealed a number of intrinsic challenges and problems facing each area, which can't be addressed solely within the confines of the respective discipline. A profound insight of bringing these two communities together has unveiled a tremendous potential for new opportunities and wider applications through the synergy of agents and data mining. With increasing interest in this synergy, agent mining is emerging as a new research field studying the interaction and integration of agents and data mining. In this paper, we give an overall perspective of the driving forces, theoretical underpinnings, main research issues, and application domains of this field, while addressing the state-of-the-art of agent mining research and development. Our review is divided into three key research topics: agent-driven data mining, data mining-driven agents, and joint issues in the synergy of agents and data mining. This new and promising field exhibits a great potential for groundbreaking work from foundational, technological and practical perspectives.

Cao, L, Gorodetsky, V & Mitkas, PA 2009, 'Agents and data mining', IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 14-15.
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Cao, Y, Hao, X, Wang, Q & Zhang, X 2009, 'An effective method of measuring the activity of higher microorganisms in activated sludge', Huanjing Kexue Xuebao / Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 1395-1399.
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A mechanical disruption method was experimentally applied to kill higher microorganisms in activated sludge; the activity of higher microorganisms could be indirectly calculated on the basis of the difference of oxygen uptake ratios (OURs) before and after disruption. The experiments indicated that a disperser could effectively break up and kill higher microorganisms and that they did not revive after enrichment for 138 h. As a control, yeasts were also disrupted by the disperser, to show that their numbers, morphology and activity were not mechanically affected, which implies that bacteria smaller than yeasts would not be mechanically affected either. To assure an almost identical morphology of flocs before and after disruption, the sludge after disruption was centrifuged to approach the same sludge volume index as before treatment. The activity of higher organisms could be calculated by measuring and comparing the OUR values of sludge samples before and after disruption, and was determined to be 12%-14% in this study.

Carpenter, CR, Keim, SM, Upadhye, S & Nguyen, HB 2009, 'Risk Stratification of the Potentially Septic Patient in the Emergency Department: The Mortality in the Emergency Department Sepsis (MEDS) Score', The Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 319-327.
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Background: The prompt recognition and management of septic patients remains a challenge within the busy Emergency Department (ED). Prognostic screening aids have traditionally required time-delayed laboratory measurements not validated upon the emergency medicine population. Recently, a brief prognostic tool has been derived and subsequently validated in heterogeneous ED populations. Clinical Question: Can a risk-stratification tool predict 1-month mortality in ED patients with suspected infection? Evidence Review: Six studies evaluating the Mortality in the Emergency Department Sepsis (MEDS) score were identified and evaluated. Results: Higher MEDS scores are associated with increasing mortality. MEDS score's short- and long-term prognostic accuracy is superior to other sepsis scales as well as isolated biomarkers C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. MEDS' prognostic accuracy in severe sepsis is inferior to undifferentiated systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) patients. Conclusion: The MEDS score is an accurate and reliable prognostic tool for 28-day mortality in ED SIRS patients, but may not be optimal for those with severe sepsis. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Carroll, TJ, Barton, J, Hsu, M & Lee, M 2009, 'The effect of strength training on the force of twitches evoked by corticospinal stimulation in humans', Acta Physiologica, vol. 197, no. 2, pp. 161-173.
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Aim: Although there is considerable evidence that strength training causes adaptations in the central nervous system, many details remain unclear. Here we studied neuromuscular responses to strength training of the wrist by recording electromyographic and twitch responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and cervicomedullary stimulation of the corticospinal tract. Methods: Seventeen participants performed 4 weeks (12 sessions) of strength training for the radial deviator (RD) muscles of the wrist (n = 8) or control training without external load (n = 9). TMS recruitment curves were constructed from stimuli at five to eight intensities ranging between 15% below resting motor threshold and maximal stimulator output, both at rest and during isometric wrist extension (EXT) and RD at 10% and 50% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Responses to weak TMS and cervicomedullary stimulation (set to produce a response of 10% maximal M wave amplitude during 10% MVC EXT contraction) were also compared at contraction strengths ranging from 10% to 75% MVC. Results: Isometric strength increased following strength training (10.7% for the RD MVC, 8.8% for the EXT MVC), but not control training. Strength training also significantly increased the amplitude of TMS- and cervicomedullary-evoked twitches during low-force contractions. Increases in the force-generating capacity of the wrist extensor muscles are unlikely to account for this finding because training did not affect the amplitude of twitches elicited by supra-maximal nerve stimulation. Conclusion: The data suggest that strength training induces adaptations that increase the net gain of corticospinal-motor neuronal projections to the trained muscles. © 2009 Scandinavian Physiological Society.

Cetindamar, D, Phaal, R & Probert, D 2009, 'Understanding technology management as a dynamic capability: A framework for technology management activities', Technovation, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 237-246.
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Cetindamar, D, Wasti, SN, Ansal, H & Beyhan, B 2009, 'Does technology management research diverge or converge in developing and developed countries?', Technovation, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 45-58.
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Chan, KY, Chan, KW, Pong, GTY, Aydin, ME, Fogarty, TC & Ling, SH 2009, 'A statistics-based genetic algorithm for quality improvements of power supplies', EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 468-492.
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This paper presents a new statistics-based evolutionary algorithm to improve the qualities of power supplies, in which operational costs and the stability of the power supply are optimised to provide a highly smooth but low-cost power supply service to customers. The proposed method is incorporated with the characteristics of the stochastic method, evolutionary algorithm and a more systematical statistical method, orthogonal design. It intends to compensate for the built-in randomness of the stochastic method and, at the same time, overcome the limitations of local search methods that are not suitable for handling multi-optima problems. Case studies on the WSCC 9-bus and New England 39-bus systems indicate that the proposed approach outperforms the existing method in terms of robustness in solution and convergence speed while the solution quality that can offer a more stable and cheaper power supply to customers is achieved.

Chanan, A, Kandasamy, J & Simmons, B 2009, 'Benefits of local government and university research alliances', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer, vol. 162, no. 2, pp. 111-116.
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Local government plays an integral role in the Australian economy with a cumulative annual expenditure of over Aus$20 billion representing around 2% of Australian GDP. Local government authorities employ around 1·3% of the Australian workforce and provide a wide range of services and infrastructure. There is a general lack of appreciation among council staff of the value of collaboration with universities and vice versa. However, staff at Kogarah Municipal Council, having been involved in partnership projects with universities, strongly value the benefits of such collaborations. Councils can provide a ‘one-stop-shop’ for applied research and its application for a range of disciplines from science and technology to arts and policy studies.

Chanan, A, Kandasamy, J, Vigneswaran, S & Sharma, D 2009, 'A gradualist approach to address Australia's urban water challenge', Desalination, vol. 249, no. 3, pp. 1012-1016.
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There is growing consensus worldwide against the conventional centralised approach to water management, and a âsoft pathâ for water management has emerged as a sustainable alternative. A âsoft pathâ for water management emphasizes the optimization of end-use efficiency, small-scaled management systems, incorporates fit-for-purpose water use, and recommends the use of diverse, locally appropriate and commonly decentralised infrastructures. However, large-scale desalination plants are currently being built for almost all metropolitan centres in Australia to ensure water supply security. Unlike âsoft pathâ for water management, large-scale desalination plants embody the traditional urban water supply approach. In spite of knowledge and values relating to the water cycle having shifted towards âsoft pathâ, the old organisational framework is believed to be hindering its adoption. Perhaps, therefore major water utilities in recent times have opted for the ideologically easier option of large-scale desalination conforming to the existing framework, instead of choosing a âsoft pathâ for water management with potential for decentralised management. This paper critically reviews the urban water management direction in metropolitan Australia and puts forward a âgradualist approachâ. It incorporates a comprehensive non-potable water reuse program necessary to build the familiarity and trust in water reuse, as a first step before introducing the idea of potable reuse.

Chen, G, Ying, M & Liu, Y 2009, 'Dealing with Uncertainty and Fuzziness in Intelligent Systems', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 223-225.
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Chen, L, Bhowmick, SS & Nejdl, W 2009, 'COWES: Web user clustering based on evolutionary web sessions', Data & Knowledge Engineering, vol. 68, no. 10, pp. 867-885.
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Chen, L, Bhowmick, SS & Nejdl, W 2009, 'NEAR-Miner', Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1150-1161.
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Web archives preserve the history of autonomous Web sites and are potential gold mines for all kinds of media and business analysts. The most common Web archiving technique uses crawlers to automate the process of collecting Web pages. However, (re)downloading entire collection of pages periodically from a large Web site is unfeasible. In this paper, we take a step towards addressing this problem. We devise a data mining-driven policy for selectively (re)downloading Web pages that are located in hierarchical directory structures which are believed to have changed significantly (e.g., a substantial percentage of pages are inserted to/removed from the directory). Consequently, there is no need to download and maintain pages that have not changed since the last crawl as they can be easily retrieved from the archive. In our approach, we propose an off-line data mining algorithm called near- Miner that analyzes the evolution history of Web directory structures of the original Web site stored in the archive and mines negatively correlated association rules (near) between ancestor-descendant Web directories. These rules indicate the evolution correlations between Web directories. Using the discovered rules, we propose an efficient Web archive maintenance algorithm called warm that optimally skips the subdirectories (during the next crawl) which are negatively correlated with it in undergoing significant changes. Our experimental results with real data show that our approach improves the efficiency of the archive maintenance process significantly whi...

Chen, Y, Zhang, JA & Jayalath, ADS 2009, 'Low-Complexity Estimation of CFO and Frequency Independent I/Q Mismatch for OFDM Systems', EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2009, no. 1.
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Cheng, TM, Savkin, AV, Celler, BG, Su, SW & Wang, N 2009, 'Universal algorithm for exercise rate estimation in walking, cycling and rowing using triaxial accelerometry', ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 394-U19.
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A technique that can reliably monitor exercise intensity plays an important role for the effectiveness and safety of an exercise prescription. A universal algorithm for the recursive estimation of exercise rate during a variety of aerobic exercises using measurements from a body-mounted triaxial accelerometer (TA) is proposed. Information about the type of exercise is not required by the algorithm and the TA can be mounted at the same location regardless of the exercise type. The algorithm involves period detection and data fusion. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm is effective for common aerobic exercises.

Cheng-Hung Chen, Cheng-Jian Lin & Chin-Teng Lin 2009, 'Nonlinear System Control Using Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Networks Based on a Modified Differential Evolution', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews), vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 459-473.
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Cheng-Hung Chen, Cheng-Jian Lin & Chin-Teng Lin 2009, 'Using an Efficient Immune Symbiotic Evolution Learning for Compensatory Neuro-Fuzzy Controller', IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 668-682.
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Cheng-Jian Lin, Cheng-Hung Chen & Chin-Teng Lin 2009, 'A Hybrid of Cooperative Particle Swarm Optimization and Cultural Algorithm for Neural Fuzzy Networks and Its Prediction Applications', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews), vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 55-68.
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Chin-Teng Lin, Chao-Ting Hong & Chien-Ting Yang 2009, 'Real-Time Digital Image Stabilization System Using Modified Proportional Integrated Controller', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 427-431.
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Chinu, KJ, Johir, AH, Vigneswaran, S, Shon, HK & Kandasamy, J 2009, 'Biofilter as pretreatment to membrane based desalination: Evaluation in terms of fouling index', DESALINATION, vol. 247, no. 1-3, pp. 77-84.
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The removal of particulate matter and dissolved organic matter from seawater by the use of biofiltration was investigated. Granular activated carbon (GAC) and anthracite were used as biofilter media at two different filtration velocities. Filtrate quality was measured in terms of silt density index (SDI), modified fouling index (MFI) and turbidity removal. Reverse osmosis (RO) was used as a post-treatment. Both biofilters demonstrated similar fouling reduction behavior in terms of SDI and MFI. Fouling potential in terms of MFI values decreased to 10 s/L2 within the first 10â15 days of operation and kept constant up to the remaining experimental period of 55 days of operation for both GAC and anthracite biofilter. The filtrate turbidity was steady after 10 days and remained low at a value of 0.2â0.3 NTU and 0.28â0.31 NTU for anthracite and GAC biofilter, respectively. Furthermore, the headloss development was low and within 20 cm for biofilter operated at a low velocity of 5 m/h. A post-treatment of reverse osmosis after a pretreatment of GAC and anthracite biofilters showed a reduction in normalized flux decline (J/J0) from 0.22 to 0.12 and 0.35 to 0.21 during the first 20 h, respectively. The RO flux for seawater declined at a faster rate and continued even after 3 days when no pretreatment was provided.

Chitambar, E & Duan, R 2009, 'Nonlocal Entanglement Transformations Achievable by Separable Operations', Physical Review Letters, vol. 103, no. 11, pp. 1-4.
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The weird phenomenon of "quantum nonlocality without entanglement" means that local quantum operations assisted by classical communication constitute a proper subset of the class of separable quantum operations. Despite considerable recent advances, little is known to what extent the class of separable operations differs from local quantum operations and classical communication. In this Letter we show that separable operations are generally stronger than local quantum operations and classical communication when distilling a mixed state into a pure entangled state and thus confirm the existence of entanglement monotones that can increase under separable operations. Our finding can also be interpreted as confirming the ability of separable operations to enhance the entanglement of mixed states relative to certain measures, a sensible but important fact that has never been rigorously proven before.

Chitambar, E, Duan, R & Shi, Y 2009, 'Tripartite to Bipartite Entanglement Transformations and Polynomial Identity Testing', Phys. Rev. A, vol. 81, p. 052310.
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We consider the problem of deciding if a given three-party entangled pure state can be converted, with a non-zero success probability, into a given two-party pure state through local quantum operations and classical communication. We show that this question is equivalent to the well-known computational problem of deciding if a multivariate polynomial is identically zero. Efficient randomized algorithms developed to study the latter can thus be applied to the question of tripartite to bipartite entanglement transformations.

Chou, J, Shimmon, R & Ben-Nissan, B 2009, 'Bisphosphonate determination using H-1-NMR spectroscopy for biomedical applications', JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 92-96.
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Bisphosphonate is known to be a very active drug in the treatment of osteoporosis and bone regeneration. A new method has been developed, utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify and measure the amount of bisphosphonate in solution. A standard reference with similar functional group to that of the bisphosphonate was chosen and applied in the experimentation. The results showed that the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1-NMR) in determining the solvent residues of various pharmaceutical drugs has proved to be effective. Unlike chromatography, it is possible to use a universal reference standard as an internal standard assayed by quantitative NMR. Using the same theory, this method is capable of both identifying and quantifying the bisphosphonate in various solutions. This paper is the first publication showing this unique measurement method, which can be used in a range of pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.

Chua, B, Gallego-Ortega, D, de Molina, A, Ullrich, A, Lacal, J & Downward, J 2009, 'Regulation of Akt(ser473) phosphorylation by Choline kinase in breast carcinoma cells', Molecular Cancer, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 131-131.
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Cole, C, Sobala, A, Lu, C, Thatcher, SR, Bowman, A, Brown, JWS, Green, PJ, Barton, GJ & Hutvagner, G 2009, 'Filtering of deep sequencing data reveals the existence of abundant Dicer-dependent small RNAs derived from tRNAs', RNA-A PUBLICATION OF THE RNA SOCIETY, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 2147-2160.
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Deep sequencing technologies such as Illumina, SOLiD, and 454 platforms have become very powerful tools in discovering and quantifying small RNAs in diverse organisms. Sequencing small RNA fractions always identifies RNAs derived from abundant RNA specie

Cordero, ML, Rolfsnes, HO, Burnham, DR, Campbell, PA, McGloin, D & Baroud, CN 2009, 'Mixing via thermocapillary generation of flow patterns inside a microfluidic drop', New Journal of Physics, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 075033-075033.
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Coronelli, D, Castel, A, François, R & Cleland, D 2009, 'Modelling the response of prestressed beams with corroded reinforcement', European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 653-669.
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Coronelli, D, Castel, A, Vu, NA & François, R 2009, 'Corroded post-tensioned beams with bonded tendons and wire failure', Engineering Structures, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 1687-1697.
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Coulibaly, P, Babovic, V, Cluckie, I, Mynett, A & Ball, J 2009, '2009 Special Issue of the Journal of Hydroinformatics on Advances in Hydroinformatics Preface', JOURNAL OF HYDROINFORMATICS, vol. 11, no. 3-4, pp. 165-165.
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Coulibaly, P, Babovic, V, Cluckie, I, Mynett, A & Ball, J 2009, 'Preface: 2009 Special issue of the journal of Hydroinformatics on advances in hydroinformatics', Journal of Hydroinformatics, vol. 11, no. 3-4, p. 165.
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Crews, K 2009, 'Australian Journal of Structural Engineering: Preface', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3.

da Rocha, CG & Sattler, MA 2009, 'A discussion on the reuse of building components in Brazil: An analysis of major social, economical and legal factors', Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 104-112.
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Dabade, UA & Joshi, SS 2009, 'Analysis of chip formation mechanism in machining of Al/SiCp metal matrix composites', Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 209, no. 10, pp. 4704-4710.
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Dabade, UA, Dapkekar, D & Joshi, SS 2009, 'Modeling of chip–tool interface friction to predict cutting forces in machining of Al/SiCp composites', International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, vol. 49, no. 9, pp. 690-700.
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Dackermann, U, Li, J & Samali, B 2009, 'Damage Identification in Timber Bridges Utilising the Damage Index Method and Neural Network Ensembles', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 181-194.
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Many of Australia's timber bridges are in aged and decayed conditions. In order to ensure the reliability of these structures and the safety of the public, condition assessment, damage detection and safety evaluation is necessary. This paper presents a damage identification procedure, which is based on global change of vibration characteristics of a structure. The developed method utilises the damage index (DI) method in combination with neural network techniques to identify damage in numerical and experimental timber beam structures. The neural network ensemble approach is utilised in order to respect important diversities of different modes and to integrate individual characteristics of vibrational mode separated damage features. The method considers field testing issues associated with measurement noise, limited number of sensor arrays and environmental fluctuations. The results of damage detection using the proposed approach demonstrate its ability to determine the location and severity of all present damage cases. The outcomes show that the developed damage detection method is effective, robust and reliable.

Dahou, Z, Mehdi Sbartaï, Z, Castel, A & Ghomari, F 2009, 'Artificial neural network model for steel–concrete bond prediction', Engineering Structures, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 1724-1733.
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Daneshgar, F, Van Toorn, C & Abedin, B 2009, 'A Research Theme for Investigating the Effectiveness of Collaborative e-Learning in Higher Education', The International Journal of Learning: Annual Review, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 373-384.
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This paper provides a research theme for investigating the effectiveness of collaborative learning in online learning teams in university classrooms where substantial variations exist among students in terms of professional experiences, academic and socio/cultural backgrounds. The research theme is the result of a systematic investigation of the current literature, and deriving factors that were cited to affect student’s perception of the effectiveness of collaborative eLearning. The effectiveness of collaborative eLearning therefore is investigated from the student’s perspective. The outcome of the present study is a survey instrument to be administered to students. The ultimate goal of this study is to support the achievement of student’s graduate attributes by developing a generic survey for assessing the effectiveness of collaborative eLearning initially used by the Australian School of Business, and ultimately to be utilized by similar organizations.

Davis, SJ, Ritz, CH & Burnett, IS 2009, 'Using Social Networking and Collections to Enable Video Semantics Acquisition', IEEE MULTIMEDIA, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 52-60.
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De Silva, P, Bucea, L & Sirivivatnanon, V 2009, 'Chemical, microstructural and strength development of calcium and magnesium carbonate binders', CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 460-465.
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Deng, W, Drozdowicz-Tomsia, K, Jin, D & Goldys, EM 2009, 'Enhanced Flow Cytometry-Based Bead Immunoassays Using Metal Nanostructures', Analytical Chemistry, vol. 81, no. 17, pp. 7248-7255.
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Deuse, J, Petzelt, D, Schallow, J, Reinhart, G, Wiedemann, M & Magenheimer, K 2009, 'Prozessharmonisierung in der Digitalen Fabrik auf Basis von Anwendungsprotokollen', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 104, no. 1-2, pp. 11-15.
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Kurzfassung Im Rahmen des Verbundprojekts „Anwendungsprotokoll zur Prozessharmonisierung in der Digitalen Fabrik“ (ADiFa) wird eine Methodik entwickelt, die eine standardisierte Beschreibung der über den Produktenstehungsprozess relevanten Daten der Digitalen Fabrik ermöglicht. Diese basiert auf anwendungsspezifischen Protokollen, die den Austausch von Daten für ein spezifisches Gebiet regeln und dadurch eine Harmonisierung der Planungsprozesse in der Digitalen Fabrik ermöglichen. Die konkrete Ausgestaltung und prototypische Implementierung der Methodik erfolgen am Beispiel des Anwendungsfelds „Zeitwirtschaft“.

Devitt, SJ, Fowler, AG, Tilma, T, Munro, WJ & Nemoto, K 2009, 'Classical Processing Requirements for a Topological Quantum Computing System', International Journal of Quantum Information, vol. 8, no. 1-2, pp. 121-147.
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Dedicated research into the design and construction of a large scale Quantum Information Processing (QIP) system is a complicated task. The design of an experimentally feasible quantum processor must draw upon results in multiple fields; from experimental efforts in system control and fabrication through to far more abstract areas such as quantum algorithms and error correction. Recently, the adaptation of topological coding models to physical systems in optics has illustrated a possible long term pathway to truly large scale QIP. As the topological model has well defined protocols for Quantum Error Correction (QEC) built in as part of its construction, a more grounded analysis of the {\em classical} processing requirements is possible. In this paper we analyze the requirements for a classical processing system, designed specifically for the topological cluster state model. We demonstrate that via extensive parallelization, the construction of a classical 'front-end' system capable of processing error correction data for a large topological computer is possible today.

Devitt, SJ, Nemoto, K & Munro, WJ 2009, 'Quantum Error Correction for Beginners', Rep. Prog. Phys., vol. 76, no. 7, p. 076001.
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Quantum error correction (QEC) and fault-tolerant quantum computation represent one of the most vital theoretical aspect of quantum information processing. It was well known from the early developments of this exciting field that the fragility of coherent quantum systems would be a catastrophic obstacle to the development of large scale quantum computers. The introduction of quantum error correction in 1995 showed that active techniques could be employed to mitigate this fatal problem. However, quantum error correction and fault-tolerant computation is now a much larger field and many new codes, techniques, and methodologies have been developed to implement error correction for large scale quantum algorithms. In response, we have attempted to summarize the basic aspects of quantum error correction and fault-tolerance, not as a detailed guide, but rather as a basic introduction. This development in this area has been so pronounced that many in the field of quantum information, specifically researchers who are new to quantum information or people focused on the many other important issues in quantum computation, have found it difficult to keep up with the general formalisms and methodologies employed in this area. Rather than introducing these concepts from a rigorous mathematical and computer science framework, we instead examine error correction and fault-tolerance largely through detailed examples, which are more relevant to experimentalists today and in the near future.

Ding, L, Hao, H & Zhu, X 2009, 'Evaluation of dynamic vehicle axle loads on bridges with different surface conditions', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 323, no. 3-5, pp. 826-848.
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Dissanayake, T, Esselle, KP & Yuce, MR 2009, 'Dielectric Loaded Impedance Matching for Wideband Implanted Antennas', IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 2480-2487.
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Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2009, 'A QoS-based service retrieval methodology for digital ecosystems', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WEB AND GRID SERVICES, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 261-283.
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The emergence of the World Wide Web and its influence on the fields of industry, commerce, healthcare and so on, has led to an innovative, dynamic, open, collaborative and interactive environment - the digital ecosystem. Whereas service plays an importan

Dong, Y, Xu, Y & Yu, S 2009, 'Linguistic multiperson decision making based on the use of multiple preference relations', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 160, no. 5, pp. 603-623.
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Dorrell, DG, Hsieh, M-F & Guo, Y 2009, 'Unbalanced Magnet Pull in Large Brushless Rare-Earth Permanent Magnet Motors With Rotor Eccentricity', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 4586-4589.
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Permanent magnet motors are now the focus of application in larger drive and generator systems. They often utilize rare-earth magnets where attractive forces are large and unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) will be generated even when unexcited. In this paper, a 4-pole machine design is utilized which has either surface magnets or consequent poles. Dynamic eccentricity up to 80% is put into the machine model and a variety of simulations carried out to investigate the UMP. It is found that with strong and thick magnets the machine is robust and the UMP is almost load independent. The consequent pole rotor arrangement produces much higher UMP when the dynamic eccentricity aligns with the steel poles. In the simulations, the different stress components are investigated to assess the validity of a commonly held approximation where the radial force is taken to be a function of the square of the radial air-gap flux.

Doss, R, Li, G, Mak, V, Yu, S & Chowdhury, M 2009, 'Improving the QoS for information discovery in autonomic wireless sensor networks', Pervasive and Mobile Computing, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 334-349.
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Douglas, C, Fildes, B & Gibson, T 2009, 'Development of an occupant model for far-side vehicle crashes', International Journal of Vehicle Safety, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 173-173.
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The biofidelity and performance requirements for a far-side occupant model are described. Previous work is analysed that highlights the potential use of a modified version of the TNO Human Facet Model for simulating far-side impacts. The model's biofidelity and performance are compared with PMHS results from pelvic offset sled tests, pendulum tests and a full-scale far-side crash test. Results indicate that the model exhibits good biofidelity compared with PMHS results, specifically its ability to simulate: belt interaction with the shoulder; loading to the pelvis, thorax and abdomen and whole body kinematics in a full-vehicle far-side crash. The model's main limitations are that its thorax is less capable of matching the magnitude of deflection observed in the PMHS pendulum tests. Copyright © 2009, Inderscience Publishers.

Dovey, K 2009, 'The role of trust in innovation', The Learning Organization, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 311-325.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the role of trust in the collaborative learning processes that underpin innovation as a competitive strategy in organizations.Design/methodology/approachAs a conceptual paper, the argument is framed by academic perspectives, drawn from the academic literature on the topic and by professional and life experience.FindingsThe collaborative learning practices that underpin idea generation and realization in organizations are strongly dependent for their effectiveness upon the availability, within and beyond stakeholder networks, of trust and other key social capital resources.Practical implicationsIf innovation is dependent upon social capital resources, such as trust, then leadership endeavour needs to be much more focused upon the creation of a social environment that nurtures rich stakeholder and other relevant network, relationships. New forms of governance and power management, and more appropriate and aligned organizational structures, are required in organizations that are attempting to compete through innovation.Originality/valueThe paper's explication of the role of social capital resources, like trust, in organizational innovation offers new insights into this complex but increasingly vital form of competitive strategy.

Du, C, Yang, J, Wu, Q & Zhang, T 2009, 'Face recognition using message passing based clustering method', Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 608-613.
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Traditional subspace analysis methods are inefficient and tend to be affected by noise as they compare the test image to all training images, especifically when there are large numbers of training images. To solve such problem, we propose a fast face recognition (FR) technique called APLDA by combining a novel clustering method affinity propagation (AP) with linear discriminant analysis (LDA). By using AP on the reduced features derived from LDA, a representative face image for each subject can be reached. Thus, our APLDA uses only the representative images rather than all training images for identification. Obviously, APLDA is much more computationally efficient than Fisherface. Also, unlike Fisherface who uses pattern classifier for identification, APLDA performs the identification using AP once again to cluster the test image into one of the representative images. Experimental results also indicate that APLDA outperforms Fisherface in terms of recognition rate.

Du, Y, Luo, Z, Tian, Q & Chen, L 2009, 'Topology optimization for thermo-mechanical compliant actuators using mesh-free methods', Engineering Optimization, vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 753-772.
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This article presents an alternative topology optimization method for the design of compliant actuators using mesh-free methods, in which the thermo-mechanical multi-physics modelling and geometrically non-linear analysis are included. The relatively new mesh-free method rather than the standard finite element method (FEM) is used to discretize the design domain and interpolate the bulk density field, because the mesh-free method is in some cases more capable of modelling the large-displacement compliant mechanisms involving the geometrical non-linearity. An interpolation scheme is used to indicate the dependence of material properties on element pseudo densities which are distributed to the corresponding integration points, and the method for imposing essential boundary conditions in mesh-free methods is also discussed. Furthermore, the adjoint approach is incorporated into the mesh-free method to perform the design sensitivity analysis. The optimization problem is established mathematically as a non-linear programming problem to which a sequential convex programming method is applied. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by using a widely studied example.

Duan, R 2009, 'Super-Activation of Zero-Error Capacity of Noisy Quantum Channels'.
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We study various super-activation effects in the following zero-error communication scenario: One sender wants to send classical or quantum information through a noisy quantum channel to one receiver with zero probability of error. First we show that there are quantum channels of which a single use is not able to transmit classical information perfectly yet two uses can. This is achieved by employing entangled input states between different uses of the given channel and thus cannot happen for classical channels. Second we exhibit a class of quantum channel with vanishing zero-error classical capacity such that when a noiseless qubit channel or one ebit shared entanglement are available, it can be used to transmit $\log_2 d$ noiseless qubits, where 2d is the dimension of input state space. Third we further construct quantum channels with vanishing zero-error classical capacity when assisted with classical feedback can be used to transmit both classical and quantum information perfectly. These striking findings not only indicate both the zero-error quantum and classical capacities of quantum channels satisfy a strong super-additivity beyond any classical channels, but also highlight the activation power of auxiliary physical resources in zero-error communication.

Duan, R & Shi, Y 2009, 'When is there a multipartite maximum entangled state?', Quantum Information and Computation, vol. 10, no. 11-12, pp. 925-935.
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For a multipartite quantum system of the dimension $d_1\otimes d_2\otimes... d_n$, $d_1\ge d_2\ge...\ge d_n$, is there an entangled state {\em maximum} in the sense that all other states in the system can be obtained from the state through local quantum operations and classical communications (LOCC)? When $d_1\ge\Pi_{i=2}^n d_i$, such state exists. We show that this condition is also necessary. Our proof, somewhat surprisingly, uses results from algebraic complexity theory.

Duan, R, Feng, Y & Ying, M 2009, 'Perfect Distinguishability of Quantum Operations', PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol. 103, no. 21.
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Duan, R, Feng, Y, Xin, Y & Ying, M 2009, 'Distinguishability of Quantum States by Separable Operations', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1320-1330.
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In this paper, we study the distinguishability of multipartite quantum states by separable operations. We first present a necessary and sufficient condition for a finite set of orthogonal quantum states to be distinguishable by separable operations. An analytical version of this condition is derived for the case of (D - 1) pure states, where D is the total dimension of the state space under consideration. A number of interesting consequences of this result are then carefully investigated. Remarkably, we show there exists a large class of 2 circle times 2 separable operations not being realizable by local operations and classical communication. Before our work, only a class of 3 circle times 3 nonlocal separable operations was known [Bennett et al, Phys. Rev. A 59, 1070 (1999)]. We also show that any basis of the orthogonal complement of a multipartite pure state is indistinguishable by separable operations if and only if this state cannot be a superposition of one or two orthogonal product states, i.e., has an orthogonal Schmidt number not less than three, thus generalize the recent work about indistinguishable bipartite subspaces [Watrous, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 080505 (2005)]. Notably, we obtain an explicit construction of indistinguishable subspaces of dimension 7 (or 6) by considering a composite quantum system consisting of two qutrits (resp., three qubits), which is slightly better than the previously known indistinguishable bipartite subspace with dimension 8.

Dunwell, TL, Dickinson, RE, Stankovic, T, Dallol, A, Weston, V, Austen, B, Catchpoole, D, Maher, ER & Latif, F 2009, 'Frequent epigenetic inactivation of the SLIT2 gene in chronic and acute lymphocytic leukemia', Epigenetics, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 265-269.
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Recently a mouse model of T/natural killer acute lymphoblastic leukemia was used to assess global promoter methylation across the mouse genome using the restriction landmark genomic scanning technique. One of the methylated mouse genes identified in this way was Slit2. There are three mammalian SLIT genes (SLIT1, SLIT2, SLIT3), that belong to a highly conserved family of axon guidance molecules. We have previously demonstrated that SLIT2 is frequently inactivated in lung, breast, colorectal and glioma tumors by hypermethylation of a CpG island in its promoter region, whilst inactivating somatic mutations are rare. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SLIT2 acts as a tumor suppressor gene in breast and colorectal cancer cells. In this report we determined the methylation status of the SLIT2 gene in leukemias (CLL and ALL). SLIT2 was methylated in all ten leukemia cell lines analyzed (eight completely and two partially methylated). SLIT2 expression was restored after treating ALL lines with 5-aza-2dC. In primary ALL and CLL samples, SLIT2 was also frequently methylated, 58% (30/52) B-ALL; 83% (10/12) T-ALL and in 80% (24/30) CLL. Whilst DNA from peripheral blood and bone marrow from healthy control samples showed no SLIT2 methylation. Methylation results in leukemia cell lines and ALL and CLL primary samples were confirmed by direct sequencing of bisulfite modified DNA. Our results demonstrate that methylation of the SLIT2 5′ CpG island is conserved between mice and humans, and therefore is likely to be of functional importance. © 2009 Landes Bioscience.

Dunwell, TL, Hesson, LB, Pavlova, TV, Zabarovska, V, Kashuba, VI, Catchpoole, D, Chiaramonte, R, Brini, AT, Griffiths, M, Maher, ER, Zabarovsky, ER & Latif, F 2009, 'Epigenetic analysis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia', Epigenetics, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 185-193.
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We used a chromosome 3 wide NotI microarray for identification of epigenetically inactivated genes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Three novel genes demonstrated frequent methylation in childhood ALL. PPP2R3A (protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B", α) was frequently methylated in T (69%) and B (82%)-ALL. Whilst FBLN2 (fibulin 2) and THRB (thyroid hormone receptor, β) showed frequent methylation in B-ALL (58%; 56% respectively), but were less frequently methylated in T-ALL (17% for both genes). Recently it was demonstrated that BNC1 (Basonuclin 1) and MSX1 (msh homeobox 1) were frequently methylated across common epithelial cancers. In our series of childhood ALL BNC1 was frequently methylated in both T (77%) and B-ALL (79%), whilst MSX1 showed T-ALL (25%) specific methylation. The methylation of the above five genes was cancer specific and expression of the genes could be restored in methylated leukemia cell lines treated with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. This is the first report demonstrating frequent epigenetic inactivation of PPP2R3A, FBLN2, THRB, BNC1 and MSX1 in leukemia. The identification of frequently methylated genes showing cancer specific methylation will be useful in developing early cancer detection screens and for targeted epigenetic therapies. © 2009 Landes Bioscience.

Dyson, LE, Litchfield, A, Lawrence, E, Raban, R & Leijdekkers, P 2009, 'Advancing the m-learning research agenda for active, experiential learning: Four case studies', AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 250-267.
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This article reports on an m-learning research agenda instituted at our university in order to explore how mobile technology can enhance active, experiential learning. Details of the implementation and results of four areas of m-learning are presented: mobile supported fieldwork, fostering interactivity in large lectures with mobile technology, using mobile devices to learn about mobile technology and, finally, podcasting. These directions are informed by a concern for achieving m-learning practices consistent with sound educational theory and the needs of the contemporary, technologically aware student body. All four implementations have been successfully embedded in mainstream subjects on a continuing basis. Therefore they represent a departure from the project based approach of much m-learning reported in the literature. This outcome was achieved through a focus on the economic sustainability and feasibility of each case. An evaluation focusing on how well each case assisted students' learning found that, with the exception of lecture podcasting, all supported high quality experiential learning.

Dyson, LE, Raban, R, Litchfield, A & Lawrence, E 2009, 'Addressing the cost barriers to mobile learning in higher education', International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 381-381.
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This paper addresses one of the main barriers to the widespread adoption of mobile learning in higher education, that of cost. Usage charges billed by telecommunications providers and the cost of mobile hardware are identified as the key cost issues. However, opportunities to overcome this barrier include the high rate of ownership of mobile phones by university students and technological solutions such as packet transmission technologies. The authors describe two experiments in low-cost mobile learning: one that uses packet technology (mobile WAP/WML) to build low-cost interactivity in the classroom and the second that involves mobile-supported fieldwork using several cost-saving strategies. © 2009 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Eklund, JM & McGregor, C 2009, 'Standards for physiological data transmission and archiving for the support of the service of critical care', ACM SIGBED Review, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1-6.
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Physiological data is monitored and displayed on medical devices around the world every day, and the volume of this data is steadily increasing and newer monitoring devices enter the clinical setting. However, the vast majority of this data is lost since it is most often displayed once as it is recorded, perhaps replayed one or more times while it exists in the device's volatile memory. What little data that is permanently recorded is most commonly saved through hand written annotations, in paper records and in some limited samples stored on hospital clinical information systems. Meanwhile, current methods of data analysis provide opportunities to utilize this data for improved care of these same critical care patients. A major inhibitor to this becoming reality is the lack of standards for the representation, transmission and storage of physiological data. HL7, for example, does not include definitions for time series data. Research into the use of these data will soon be reaching the clinical setting and the need for such standards to be defined is becoming urgent.

El Saliby, I, Okour, Y, Shon, HK, Kandasamy, J & Kim, IS 2009, 'Desalination plants in Australia, review and facts', DESALINATION, vol. 247, no. 1-3, pp. 1-14.
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Australia is the driest continent on earth and despite this the installed desalination capacity is still around 1% of the total world's desalination capacity. This paper reviews the main seawater issues considered in every desalination projectâthe history, the present situation and the future of desalination in Australia, the suitability of applying reverse osmosis (RO) and the project details of two desalination plants (Sydney and Perth). Ocean currents, seawater temperature and salinity are signifi cant indicators in the assessment of the feasibility of desalination as they aff ect the production costs, the maintenance frequency and the quality of the product water. Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) is the only type of desalination technology currently used or proposed for future large-scale desalination plants in Australia. Every capital city except Darwin has considered building at least one desalination plant as a means of providing water security after several years of unprecedented drought that has signifi cantly reduced dam storage levels. Perth was the fi rst major city to use desalinated water for drinking water supply and by early 2009 Sydney will be the second city. Thirteen other large-scale SWRO plants are being planned or proposed at several locations for the purpose of supplying drinking water.

El Saliby, IJ, Okour, YH, Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Kim, J-H 2009, 'Detailed Investigation on the Effect of Washing TiO2 Prepared from Tisalts Flocculated Wastewater Sludge', Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 194-201.
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AbstractIn this study, the effect of washing TiO

Elmir, M, Mehdaoui, R, Castel, A, Hamouine, A & François, R 2009, 'Vibratory analysis of a composite beam (reinforced concrete) subject to corrosion', International Review of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 100-103.
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This work is an attempt to study, with an experimental approach the effect of corrosion on the dynamic behaviour of the reinforced concrete structures by measuring the Eigen frequencies. For this purpose a test was applied on reinforced concrete healthy and corroded beams subjected to a vibratory mechanical excitation. For this test we made use of a vibrating pot and a signal analyzer. The spectral response of each beam gives information in the form of a signal which allows the measurement of these Eigen frequencies so that one can determine the effect of corrosion on the dynamic behaviour of the beam which represents the originality of our experimental approach. © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved.

Esfandiary, R, Hunjan, JS, Lushington, GH, Joshi, SB & Middaugh, CR 2009, 'Temperature dependent 2^nd derivative absorbance spectroscopy of aromatic amino acids as a probe of protein dynamics', Protein Science, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 2603-2614.
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Esfandiary, R, Kickhoefer, VA, Rome, LH, Joshi, SB & Middaugh, CR 2009, 'Structural Stability of Vault Particles', Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 1376-1386.
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Eslava, S, Kirschhock, CEA, Aldea, S, Baklanov, MR, Iacopi, F, Maex, K & Martens, JA 2009, 'Characterization of spin-on zeolite films prepared from Silicalite-1 nanoparticle suspensions', MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS, vol. 118, no. 1-3, pp. 458-466.
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Fan, W, Yu, JX, Li, J, Ding, B & Qin, L 2009, 'Query translation from XPath to SQL in the presence of recursive DTDs.', VLDB J., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 857-883.
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We study the problem of evaluating xpath queries over xml data that is stored in an rdbms via schema-based shredding. The interaction between recursion (descendants-axis) in xpath queries and recursion in dtds makes it challenging to answer xpath queries using rdbms. We present a new approach to translating xpath queries into sql queries based on a notion of extended XP ath expressions and a simple least fixpoint (lfp) operator. Extended xpath expressions are a mild extension of xpath, and the lfp operator takes a single input relation and is already supported by most commercial rdbms. We show that extended xpath expressions are capable of capturing both dtd recursion and xpath queries in a uniform framework. Furthermore, they can be translated into an equivalent sequence of sql queries with the lfp operator. We present algorithms for rewriting xpath queries over a (possibly recursive) dtd into extended xpath expressions and for translating extended xpath expressions to sql queries, as well as optimization techniques. The novelty of our approach consists in its capability to answer a large class of xpath queries by means of only low-end rdbms features already available in most rdbms, as well as its flexibility to accommodate existing relational query optimization techniques. In addition, these translation algorithms provide a solution to query answering for certain (possibly recursive) xml views of xml data. Our experimental results verify the effectiveness of our techniques.

Fang, F, Ni, B-J & Yu, H-Q 2009, 'Estimating the kinetic parameters of activated sludge storage using weighted non-linear least-squares and accelerating genetic algorithm', Water Research, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 2595-2604.
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Fatahi, B, Khabbaz, H & Indraratna, B 2009, 'Parametric studies on bioengineering effects of tree root-based suction on ground behaviour', ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 1415-1426.
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Using native vegetation to improve soil stiffness, stabilise slopes and control erosion is a rapidly evolving process. A theoretical model previously developed by the authors for the rate of tree root water uptake together with an associated numerical simulation is used to study the effects of a wide range of soil, tree, and atmospheric parameters on partially saturated ground. The influence of different parameters on the maximum initial rate of root water uptake is investigated through parametric and sensitivity analyses. Field measurements taken from previously published literature are compared with numerical predictions for validation. The rate of selected parameters such as potential transpiration and its distribution, suction at wilting point, the coefficient of permeability and the distribution of root length density are studied in detail. The analysis shows that the rate of potential transpiration increases the soil matric suction and ground settlement, while the potential transpiration rate has an insignificant effect on the distribution of soil suction. Root density distribution factors affect the size of the influence zone. Suction at the wilting point increases the soil matric suction and ground settlement, whereas the saturation permeability decreases the maximum soil matric suction generated. The analysis confirms that the most sensitive parameters, including the coefficients of the tree root system, the transpiration rate, the permeability of the soil and its suction at the wilting point should be measured or estimated accurately for an acceptable prediction of ground conditions in the vicinity of trees.

Feng, Y, Duan, R & Ying, M 2009, 'LOCALLY UNDETERMINED STATES, GENERALIZED SCHMIDT DECOMPOSITION, AND APPLICATION IN DEISTRIBUTED COMUTING', QUANTUM INFORMATION & COMPUTATION, vol. 9, no. 11-12, pp. 997-1012.
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Multipartite quantum states that cannot be uniquely determined by their reduced states of all proper subsets of the parties exhibit some inherit `high-order' correlation. This paper elaborates this issue by giving necessary and sufficient conditions for a pure multipartite state to be locally undetermined, and moreover, characterizing precisely all the pure states sharing the same set of reduced states with it. Interestingly, local determinability of pure states is closely related to a generalized notion of Schmidt decomposition. Furthermore, we find that locally undetermined states have some applications to the well-known consensus problem in distributed computation. To be specific, given some physically separated agents, when communication between them, either classical or quantum, is unreliable and they are not allowed to use local ancillary quantum systems, then there exists a totally correct and completely fault-tolerant protocol for them to reach a consensus if and only if they share a priori a locally undetermined quantum state

Ferrie, C & Emerson, J 2009, 'Framed Hilbert space: hanging the quasi-probability pictures of quantum theory', New J. Phys., vol. 11, p. 063040.
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Building on earlier work, we further develop a formalism based on the mathematical theory of frames that defines a set of possible phase-space or quasi-probability representations of finite-dimensional quantum systems. We prove that an alternate approach to defining a set of quasi-probability representations, based on a more natural generalization of a classical representation, is equivalent to our earlier approach based on frames, and therefore is also subject to our no-go theorem for a non-negative representation. Furthermore, we clarify the relationship between the contextuality of quantum theory and the necessity of negativity in quasi-probability representations and discuss their relevance as criteria for non-classicality. We also provide a comprehensive overview of known quasi-probability representations and their expression within the frame formalism.

Ferrie, C, Morris, R & Emerson, J 2009, 'Necessity of negativity in quantum theory', Phys. Rev. A, vol. 82, no. 4, p. 044103.
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A unification of the set of quasiprobability representations using the mathematical theory of frames was recently developed for quantum systems with finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, in which it was proven that such representations require negative probability in either the states or the effects. In this article we extend those results to Hilbert spaces of infinite dimension, for which the celebrated Wigner function is a special case. Hence, this article presents a unified framework for describing the set of possible quasiprobability representations of quantum theory, and a proof that the presence of negativity is a necessary feature of such representations.

Franson, SJ & Ziolkowski, RW 2009, 'Confirmation of Zero-N Behavior in a High Gain Grid Structure at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 8, pp. 387-390.
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Franson, SJ & Ziolkowski, RW 2009, 'Gigabit per Second Data Transfer in High-Gain Metamaterial Structures at 60 GHz', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 2913-2925.
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Frost, SA, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2009, 'Timing of Repeat BMD Measurements: Development of an Absolute Risk-Based Prognostic Model', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 1800-1807.
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This study attempted to address the following questions: for an individual who is at present, given their current age and BMD level, what is the individual's risk of fracture and when is nonosteoporotic. the ideal time to repeat a BMD measurement? Nonosteoporotic women (n = 1008) and men (n = 750) over the age of 60 in 1,989 from the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study were monitored until one of the following outcomes occurred: (1) BMD reached "osteoporosis" level (i.e., T-scores <= -2.5) or (2) an incident fragility fracture. During the follow-up period (average, 7 yr), 346 women (34%) and 160 men (21%) developed osteoporosis or sustained a low-trauma fracture. The risk of osteoporosis or fracture increased with advancing age (women: RR/10 yr, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6; men: RR/10 yr, 2.3, 95% CI, 1.7-2.9) and lower BMD levels (women: RR per -0.12 g/cm(2) 3.2; 95% CI, 2.6-4.1; RR per -0.12 g/cm(2) 2.6; 95% CI, 2.0-3.3). Using the predicted risk (of osteoporosis or fracture) of 10% as a cut-off level for repeating BMD measurement, the estimated time to reach the cut-off level varied from 1.5 (for an 80-yr-old woman with a T-score of -2.2) to 10.6 yr (for a 60-yr-old man with a T-score of 0). These results suggest that, based on an individual's current age and BMD T-score, it is possible to estimate the optimal time to repeat BMD testing for the individual. The prognostic model and approach presented in this study may help improve the individualization and management of osteoporosis.

Fu, Q, Wang, G, Lin, W & Huang, J 2009, 'One-pot preparation of 3-miktoarm star terpolymers via “click chemistry” and atom transfer nitroxide radical coupling reaction', Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 986-990.
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Fu, Q, Zhang, Z, Lin, W & Huang, J 2009, 'Single-Electron-Transfer Nitroxide-Radical-Coupling Reaction at Ambient Temperature: Application in the Synthesis of Block Copolymers', Macromolecules, vol. 42, no. 13, pp. 4381-4383.
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Gabrys, B & Anguita, D 2009, 'Nature-inspired learning and adaptive systems', Natural Computing, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 197-198.
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Gallego-Ortega, D, Ramirez de Molina, A, Ramos, MA, Valdes-Mora, F, Barderas, MG, Sarmentero-Estrada, J & Lacal, JC 2009, 'Differential Role of Human Choline Kinase α and β Enzymes in Lipid Metabolism: Implications in Cancer Onset and Treatment', PLoS ONE, vol. 4, no. 11, pp. e7819-e7819.
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Gandomi, AH & Alavi, AH 2009, 'Discussion on “Predicting the shear strength of reinforced concrete beams using artificial neural networks” by M.Y. Mansour, M. Dicleli, J.Y. Lee, J. Zhang [Eng Struct 26 (2004) 781–799]', Engineering Structures, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 2801-2801.
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Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH, Kazemi, S & Alinia, MM 2009, 'Behavior appraisal of steel semi-rigid joints using Linear Genetic Programming', Journal of Constructional Steel Research, vol. 65, no. 8-9, pp. 1738-1750.
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Gao, W, Zhang, N & Ji, J 2009, 'A new method for random vibration analysis of stochastic truss structures', Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 190-199.
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A new method called the random factor method (RFM) for the natural frequency, mode shape and random vibration analysis of stochastic truss structures is presented in this paper. Using the RFM, the structural physical parameters and geometry can be considered as random variables. The structural stiffness and mass matrices can then, respectively, be described by the product of two parts corresponding to the random factors and the deterministic matrix. The structural natural frequencies, mode shapes and random response can be expressed as the function of the random factors. By means of the random variable's functional moment method and the algebra synthesis method, computational expressions for the mean value, standard deviation and variation coefficient of the dynamic characteristics, mean square value of the stationary random displacement and stress response are developed. The influences of the randomness of the structural parameters on the dynamic characteristics, structural displacement and stress responses are demonstrated using a truss structure and Monte-Carlo simulations illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.

Gao, Y, Zhang, G & Lu, J 2009, 'A FUZZY MULTI-OBJECTIVE BILEVEL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & DECISION MAKING, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 93-108.
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GAO, YA, ZHANG, G & LU, JIE 2009, 'A FUZZY MULTI-OBJECTIVE BILEVEL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM', International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, vol. 08, no. 01, pp. 93-108.
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In a bilevel decision problem, both the leader and the follower may have multiple objectives, and the coefficients involved in these objective functions or constraints may be described by some uncertain values. To express such a situation, a fuzzy multi-objective bilevel (FMOBL) programming model and related solution methods are introduced. This research develops a FMOBL decision support system through implementing the proposed FMOBL methods.

Gaur, A, Shrivastava, BD & Joshi, SK 2009, 'Copper K-edge XANES of Cu(I) and Cu(II) oxide mixtures', Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 190, pp. 012084-012084.
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Ge, Y & Esselle, KP 2009, 'Low-profile resonant cavity antenna based on an in-phase metamaterial surface', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 731-733.
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Gerber, C & Crews, K 2009, 'Timber Stressed-Skin Panels: Design Guidelines for Australian Practice', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 207-216.
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this paper puts forward a design procedure and proposes, in the form of an amendment to Section 5 of AS1720.1-1997, to include these directives in a future edition of the design code. The design procedure discussed herein is thorough in scope and straightforward in application. It addresses the composite characteristics of SSP structures - composite action and tributary width of the sheathing. It provides clear guidelines for the assessment of both aspects. It also imposes a systematic verification of the different stresses experienced by the structure. This particular section of the design procedure considers both AS1720.1-1997 and Eurocode 5 (European Committee for Standardisation, 1995). In addition, a method to account for the two-way action ability of SSP structures is also proposed in the design procedure, which includes two equations derived by Gerber (2007). For defined applications, acceptable assessments of the load distribution in SSP systems are achieved with these two equations for loading on an exterior and interior joist, respectively.

Glamore, WC & Indraratna, B 2009, 'Tidal-forcing groundwater dynamics in a restored coastal wetland: implications of saline intrusion', Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 31-40.
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Godfrey, E & Hadgraft, R 2009, 'Engineering Education Research: Coming of age in Australia and New Zealand', Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 307-308.
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Golab, AN & Indraratna, B 2009, 'Occurrence and consequences of acid sulphate soils and methods of site remediation', Geomechanics and Geoengineering, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 201-208.
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© 2009 Taylor & Francis. The oxidation of sulphides in acid sulphate soils (ASS) causes the acidification of many Australian coastal river systems. The acidity negatively impacts upon coastal ecosystems, aquaculture, agriculture and concrete and steel infrastructure. In the low-lying floodplains, relatively deep surface drains fitted with one-way floodgates lower the watertable, thereby exposing the sulphidic minerals to oxidation. On the Broughton Creek floodplain in SE Australia, four distinct remediation strategies have been developed to tackle the issue of acidification by ASS: (i) simple V-notch weirs that raise the level of the watertable surrounding the drains thereby submerging the pyrite and preventing the further formation of acidity; (ii) modified two-way floodgates that allow the inflow of tidal water into the drains, thereby buffering the acidity within the drain before it enters the river and raising the level of the watertable surrounding the drain; (iii) lateral impermeable lime barriers that both prevent oxidation of pyrite by stopping the downward movement of oxygen into the soil and neutralise the acidity in the groundwater; and (iv) permeable reactive barriers (PRB) that passively intercept the groundwater flow and neutralise the acidity. Each remediation strategy has a distinct role to suit the different terrain and groundwater conditions.

Golab, AN, Peterson, MA & Indraratna, B 2009, 'Selection of permeable reactive barrier materials for treating acidic groundwater in acid sulphate soil terrains based on laboratory column tests', Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 241-254.
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Greegor, RB, Parazzoli, CG, Nielsen, JA, Tanielian, MH, Vier, DC, Schultz, S, Holloway, CL & Ziolkowski, RW 2009, 'Demonstration of Impedance Matching Using a mu-Negative (MNG) Metamaterial', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 8, pp. 92-95.
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Groothoff, N, Jovanovic, N, Marshall, GD, Canning, J & Withford, MJ 2009, 'Femtosecond laser writing of fibre Bragg gratings in large diameter air-clad optical fibre', GLASS TECHNOLOGY-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GLASS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PART A, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 75-78.

Grover, DP, Zhang, ZL, Readman, JW & Zhou, JL 2009, 'A comparison of three analytical techniques for the measurement of steroidal estrogens in environmental water samples', Talanta, vol. 78, no. 3, pp. 1204-1210.
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Research into the analysis and monitoring of steroidal estrogens has grown significantly over the last decade, resulting in the emergence of a range of applicable techniques. In this study, three popular techniques, gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GCMS), gas chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (GCMSMS) and liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LCMSMS) for the analysis of three highly potent steroidal estrogens in the aquatic environment have been compared. It has been observed that overall, the three techniques appear comparable in generating similar estrogen concentrations for river and effluent samples. Of the three techniques, the GCMS technique is the simplest to operate, but fails to detect the estrogens at the lower-end of environmentally relevant concentrations. The tandem MS techniques are more selective than MS, and therefore able to detect lower concentration levels of the three steroidal estrogens of interest. However, the LCMSMS technique is more susceptible to matrix interferences for the analysis of samples, resulting in a reduction of the signal-to-noise ratio and a subsequent reduction in reliability and stability compared to GCMSMS. With the GCMSMS technique offering increased selectivity, the lowest limits of detection, and no false positive identification, it is recommended to be the preferred analytical technique for routine analysis of estrogens in environmental water samples.

Guillon, M, Miles, REH, Reid, JP & McGloin, D 2009, 'Thermo-optical resonance locking of an optically trapped salt-water microdroplet', New Journal of Physics, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 103041-103041.
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Gunes, H & Piccardi, M 2009, 'Automatic Temporal Segment Detection and Affect Recognition From Face and Body Display', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART B-CYBERNETICS, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 64-84.
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Psychologists have long explored mechanisms with which humans recognize other humans' affective states from modalities, such as voice and face display. This exploration has led to the identification of the main mechanisms, including the important role played in the recognition process by the modalities' dynamics. Constrained by the human physiology, the temporal evolution of a modality appears to be well approximated by a sequence of temporal segments called onset, apex, and offset. Stemming from these findings, computer scientists, over the past 15 years, have proposed various methodologies to automate the recognition process. We note, however, two main limitations to date. The first is that much of the past research has focused on affect recognition from single modalities. The second is that even the few multimodal systems have not paid sufficient attention to the modalities' dynamics: The automatic determination of their temporal segments, their synchronization to the purpose of modality fusion, and their role in affect recognition are yet to be adequately explored. To address this issue, this paper focuses on affective face and body display, proposes a method to automatically detect their temporal segments or phases, explores whether the detection of the temporal phases can effectively support recognition of affective states, and recognizes affective states based on phase synchronization/alignment. The experimental results obtained show the following: 1) affective face and body displays are simultaneous but not strictly synchronous; 2) explicit detection of the temporal phases can improve the accuracy of affect recognition; 3) recognition from fused face and body modalities performs better than that from the face or the body modality alone; and 4) synchronized feature-level fusion achieves better performance than decision-level fusion.

Guo, W, Ngo, H-H, Palmer, CG, Xing, W, Hu, AY-J & Listowski, A 2009, 'Roles of sponge sizes and membrane types in a single stage sponge-submerged membrane bioreactor for improving nutrient removal from wastewater for reuse', DESALINATION, vol. 249, no. 2, pp. 672-676.
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Sponge not only can reduce membrane fouling by means of mechanical cleaning and maintain a balance of suspended-attached microorganisms in submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR), but also can enhance dissolved organic matter and nutrient removal. This study investigated the performance of three different sizes of sponge (S28â30/45R, S28â30/60R and S28â30/90R) associated with continuous aerated SMBR. A laboratory-scale single stage sponge-SMBR (SSMBR) showed high performance for removing dissolved organic matter (>96%) and PO4âP (>98.8), while coarse sponges such as S28â30/45R, S28â30/60R could achieve more than 99% removal of NH4âN. When three-size sponges (S28â30/45R, S28â30/60R and S28â30/90R) were mixed at a ratio of 1:1:1 and in conjunction with two kinds of membranes (0.1 μm hollow fiber and 2 μm nonwoven), the SSMBR system has proved its generic merits of superior treated effluent quality and less membrane fouling. The NH4âN and PO4âP removal were found excellent, which were more than 99.8% and over 99% respectively. Molecular weight distribution also indicated that major fractions of organic matter could be successfully removed by SSMBR.

Guo, W, Xing, W, Ngo, H, Hu, YA, Palmer, CG & Zhang, R 2009, 'Enhancement of Organics removal by an Integrated Nonwoven Media Biofiter-submerged Membrane Adsorption Hybrid System', Journal of Applied Membrane Science & Technology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-8.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Dorrell, DG 2009, 'Design and Analysis of a Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Motor With Molded Soft Magnetic Composite Core', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 4582-4585.
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Soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials and SMC electromagnetic devices have undergone substantial development in the past decade. Much work has been conducted on designing and prototyping various types of electrical machine. However, the iron cores were often made by cutting existing SMC preforms that were formed by compacting SMC powder in simple cylinder or bar-shape molds, and the magnetic properties of the cores may deteriorate significantly during the cutting process. To investigate "industry production-ready" products, this paper presents the design and analysis of a claw-pole permanent magnet (PM) motor with a molded SMC core of low mass density to replace the existing induction motor in a dishwasher pump. The magnetic properties of the molded SMC core are measured and utilized in the motor design and analysis. Finite element analysis (FEA) of magnetic field is carried out to accurately determine key motor parameters, and an improved phase variable model is applied to predict the motor performance. Both parameter computation and performance prediction are validated by the experimental results on the prototype.

Guo, YJ, Liu, D & Bird, NC 2009, 'Guest Editorial for the Special Issue on Antennas and Propagation Aspects of 60–90 GHz Wireless Communications', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 2817-2819.
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Gutierrez, F & Dyson, LE 2009, 'Confucian or Fusion?', The International Journal of Learning: Annual Review, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 373-384.
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This research aims to uncover the perceptions of first-year Confucian-heritage students towards their lived experience of university study in Australia. Data was gathered from the students via interviews and analyzed using a phenomenological approach. From the students perspective, prior experience of western-style pedagogy was found to be helpful in giving students an idea of what the Australian learning environment would entail, although many students still had difficulty with classroom interaction due to persistent cultural conditioning. In terms of teacher behaviour, important factors include the lecturer demonstrating an understanding of the students culture, using humour in teaching, being a role model, developing a good relationship with the student and demonstrating a commitment to their learning. Issues included the students lack of understanding of the true significance of assignments and lecturers misunderstanding of the valuable role of memorization in Confucian-heritage students learning. The findings of this work allow academics an insight into the lived educational experiences of the student participants. They may also be tentatively offered as a means of informing future course design and delivery, with the goal of improving the quality of student learning and, therefore, academic success.

Ha Hoang Kha, Hoang Duong Tuan & Nguyen, TQ 2009, 'Efficient Design of Cosine-Modulated Filter Banks via Convex Optimization', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 966-976.
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This paper presents efficient approaches for designing cosine-modulated filter banks with linear phase prototype filter. First, we show that the design problem of the prototype filter being a spectral factor of 2 Mth-band filter is a nonconvex optimizati

Ha, PN, Fujita, H, Ozaki, K & Uchida, N 2009, 'Dynamic Performance of a Current-Phase Control Method for Zone-Control Induction Heating Systems', IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 129, no. 7, pp. 691-697.
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Haapola, J, Rabbachin, A, Goratti, L, Pomalaza-Raez, C & Oppermann, I 2009, 'Effect of Impulse Radio–Ultrawideband Based on Energy Collection on MAC Protocol Performance', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 4491-4506.
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Hakim, A, Hossain, J & Khan, KA 2009, 'Temperature effect on the electrical properties of undoped NiO thin films', Renewable Energy, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 2625-2629.
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Hao, X, Wang, Q, Zhang, X, Cao, Y & Mark Loosdrecht, CMV 2009, 'Experimental evaluation of decrease in bacterial activity due to cell death and activity decay in activated sludge', Water Research, vol. 43, no. 14, pp. 3604-3612.
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Hao, X, Zhang, X, Cao, Y & Wang, Q 2009, 'Determining the decay characteristics of nitrifying bacteria in activated sludge using molecular biological techniques', Huanjing Kexue Xuebao/Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 2033-2040.
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The aerobic decay characteristics of nitrifying bacteria in a nitrifying sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and a biological nutrient removal (BNR) system were investigated by measuring maximal oxygen uptake rates (OURs), analyzing 16S rRNA with fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and observing membrane integrity by LIVE/DEAD staining. The experimental results reveal that in the nitrifying SBR system, cell death was responsible for 33% of cell decay at SRT = 10 d and for 50% at SRT = 40 d. In other words, the activity decay contributed 67% and 50% of the total cell decay at SRT = 10 and 40 d respectively. A longer SRT should select for nitrifying bacteria better adapted to starvation conditions, and thus the selected nitrifying bacteria could quickly produce a stringent response. As a result, a reduced decay rate of the selected nitrifying bacteria is expected. In the BNR system (SRT = 15 d), the cell death was responsible for 45% of the total cell decay for nitrifying bacteria, and thus the activity decay accounted for 55% of the total cell decay. The different fractions of cell death of nitrifying bacteria in the two systems could be caused by different microbial compositions in the SBR and BNR systems.

Haskett, M, Oehlers, DJ, Mohamed Ali, MS & Wu, C 2009, 'Rigid body moment–rotation mechanism for reinforced concrete beam hinges', Engineering Structures, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 1032-1041.
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Haskett, M, Oehlers, DJ, Mohamed Ali, MS & Wu, C 2009, 'Yield Penetration Hinge Rotation in Reinforced Concrete Beams', Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 135, no. 2, pp. 130-138.
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Hazelton, P, Malone, M & Gardner, A 2009, 'A multicultural, multidisciplinary short course to introduce recently graduated engineers to the global nature of professional practice', European Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 281-290.
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Since 2001, the International Institute of Women in Engineering (IIWE) at EPF, Ecole d'ingenieurs generaliste, Sceaux, France, has conducted a 3 week short course for culturally and discipline diverse, recently graduated and final year engineering students. The aim of this course is to introduce young engineers to broad global concepts and issues relating to their future professional practice, through intercultural learning. The initial course programme provided examples of engineering practices in various countries throughout the world. However, to achieve an intercultural, multidisciplinary learning outcome, a specific course theme and a project focussing on sustainable engineering and the inclusion of a variety of industrial visits were introduced in 2006. This paper will discuss the success of the strategies used to engage international students in the IIWE course activities, and after consideration of the results of participant surveys, the curriculum initiatives that followed

He, F, Joshi, SB, Bosman, F, Verhaeghe, M & Middaugh, CR 2009, 'Structural stability of hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein E1: Effect of pH and dissociative detergents', Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 98, no. 9, pp. 3340-3357.
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Hesson, LB, Dunwell, TL, Cooper, WN, Catchpoole, D, Brini, AT, Chiaramonte, R, Griffiths, M, Chalmers, AD, Maher, ER & Latif, F 2009, 'The novel RASSF6 and RASSF10 candidate tumour suppressor genes are frequently epigenetically inactivated in childhood leukaemias', Molecular Cancer, vol. 8, no. 1.
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Abstract Background The Ras-assocation family (RASSF) of tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) contains 10 members that encode proteins containing Ras-assocation (RA) domains. Several members of the RASSF family are frequently epigenetically inactivated in cancer, however, their role in leukaemia has remained largely uninvestigated. Also, RASSF10 is a predicted gene yet to be experimentally verified. Here we cloned, characterised and demonstrated expression of RASSF10 in normal human bone marrow. We also determined the methylation status of CpG islands associated with RASSF1–10 in a series of childhood acute lymphocytic leukaemias (ALL) and normal blood and bone marrow samples. Results COBRA and bisulphite sequencing revealed RASSF6 and RASSF10 were the only RASSF members with a high frequency of leukaemia-specific methylation. RASSF6 was methylated in 94% (48/51) B-ALL and 41% (12/29) T-ALL, whilst RASSF10 was methylated in 16% (8/51) B-ALL and 88% (23/26) T-ALL. RASSF6 and RASSF10 expression inversely correlated with methylation which was restored by treatment with 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine (5azaDC). Conclusion This study shows the hypermethylation profile of RASSF genes in leukaemias is distinct from that of solid tumours and represents the first report of inactivation of RASSF6 or RASSF10 in cancer. These data show epigenetic inactivation of the candidate TSGs

HIBBERD, A, MASKAOUI, K, ZHANG, Z & ZHOU, J 2009, 'An improved method for the simultaneous analysis of phenolic and steroidal estrogens in water and sediment', Talanta, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 1315-1321.
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This paper describes an improved method for the extraction and analysis of seven endocrine disrupting chemicals with wide-ranging polarities from water and sediments using gas chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (GCMS/MS). The analytes were 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, bisphenol A, estrone, 17ß-estradiol, 17a-ethynylestradiol and 16a-hydroxyestrone. The optimised GCMS/MS method produces increased selectivity and sensitivity compared to GCMS, with limit of detection ranging from 0.01 to 0.49 ng L-1 in water and from 0.05 to 0.14 ng g-1 in sediment. Extraction from aqueous samples was performed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and from sediment samples by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The improved method for the clean-up of sediment extracts carried out by SPE enhanced EDC recovery (86102%) while reducing matrix interference and sample drying time. Derivatisation of final sample extracts was achieved using N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide and pyridine, and their stability was enhanced by reconstituting the derivatised extracts with hexane. The method was validated by spiking experiments which showed good recovery and reproducibility. The method was applied to samples taken from the Medway estuary in Kent, UK, where non-conservative behaviour of EDCs was demonstrated.

Ho, DP, Vigneswaran, S & Ngo, HH 2009, 'Photocatalysis-membrane hybrid system for organic removal from biologically treated sewage effluent', SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 145-152.
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The application of semiconductor photocatalysis in treating wastewater has attracted growing interest due to its complete mineralisation of organic matter. Furthermore, coupling of photocatalytic process with microfiltration provided considerable advantages over the conventional methods. In this study, the photocatalytic reactivity of the catalysts was assessed at different operating conditions. The results show that the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content was halved at a concentration of 1.0 g/L of TiO2. With the addition of flocculant FeCl3, the oxidation process was significantly improved further by another 30%. The recovery of TiO2 upon photooxidation process was achieved by coupling the photocatalysis reactor with a low energy submerged membrane reactor. The results show superior DOC degradation of more than 80% by this hybrid system. Moreover, it was demonstrated that photosensitization with TiO2/UV could effectively reduce membrane fouling and enhance the permeate flux of the submerged membrane reactor.

Hoang, NT, Tuan, HD, Nguyen, TQ & Hoang, HG 2009, 'Optimized Analog Filter Designs With Flat Responses by Semidefinite Programming', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 944-955.
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Analog filters constitute indispensable components of analog circuits. Inspired by recent advances in digital filter design, this paper provides a flexible design for analog filters. All-pole filters have maximally flat passband, so our design minimizes

Hoi-Shun Lui, Hui, HT & Mook Seng Leong 2009, 'A Note on the Mutual-Coupling Problems in Transmitting and Receiving Antenna Arrays', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 171-176.
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Holdsworth, J, Cook, K, Canning, J, Bandyopadhyay, S & Stevenson, M 2009, 'Rotationally Variant Grating Writing in Photonic Crystal Fibres!', The Open Optics Journal, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 19-23.
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Holthaus, CV, Cannon, C, Elkin, R & Nguyen, HB 2009, 'Can My Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Patients Wait Any Longer?', Annals of Emergency Medicine, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 135-136.
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Hong-Da, T, Zhong-Yuan, Y, Li-Hong, H & Yu-Min, L 2009, 'Lateral stress-induced propagation characteristics in photonic crystal fibres', Chinese Physics B, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 1109-1115.
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Ho-Pham, LT, Nguyen, ND & Nguyen, TV 2009, 'Effect of vegetarian diets on bone mineral density: a Bayesian meta-analysis', The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 943-950.
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Background: The association between vegetarian diets and bone mineral density (BMD) is controversial because of conflicting findings from previous studies. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of vegetarian diets on BMD by using a meta-analytic approach. Design: A systematic electronic literature search was conducted to identify all relevant articles on the association between vegetarian diet and BMD. Nine studies of 2749 subjects (1880 women and 869 men) were included in the analysis. Traditional and Bayesian methods of meta-analysis were applied to synthesize the data. Results: Overall, BMD was approximate to 4% lower in vegetarians than in omnivores (95% CI: 2%, 7%) at both the femoral neck and the lumbar spine. Compared with omnivores, vegans had a significantly lower lumbar spine BMD (6% lower; 95% CI: 2%, 9%), which was more pronounced than in lactoovovegetarians (2% lower; 95% CI: 1%, 4%). The probability that BMD was >= 5% lower in vegetarians than in omnivores (or approximate to 0.3 SD) was 42% for the femoral neck and 32% for the lumbar spine. There was no evidence of publication bias. There was a moderate degree of between-study heterogeneity; the coefficient of heterogeneity varied between 46% and 51%. Conclusion: The results suggest that vegetarian diets, particularly vegan diets, are associated with lower BMD, but the magnitude of the association is clinically insignificant.

Ho-Pham, LT, Nguyen, ND, Vu, BQ, Pham, HN & Nguyen, TV 2009, 'Prevalence and risk factors of radiographic vertebral fracture in postmenopausal Vietnamese women', Bone, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 213-217.
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Hossain, FM, Murch, GE, Belova, IV & Turner, BD 2009, 'Electronic, optical and bonding properties of CaCO3 calcite', Solid State Communications, vol. 149, no. 29-30, pp. 1201-1203.
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Hsieh, M-H & Wilde, MM 2009, 'Public and private communication with a quantum channel and a secret key', Physical Review A, vol. 80, no. 2.
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Hsieh, M-H & Wilde, MM 2009, 'Trading classical communication, quantum communication, and entanglement in quantum Shannon theory', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 56, no. 9, pp. 4705-4730, September 2010, vol. 56, no. 9, pp. 4507-4730.
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We give trade-offs between classical communication, quantum communication, and entanglement for processing information in the Shannon-theoretic setting. We first prove a unit-resource capacity theorem that applies to the scenario where only the above three noiseless resources are available for consumption or generation. The optimal strategy mixes the three fundamental protocols of teleportation, super-dense coding, and entanglement distribution. We then provide an achievable rate region and a matching multi-letter converse for the direct static capacity theorem. This theorem applies to the scenario where a large number of copies of a noisy bipartite state are available (in addition to consumption or generation of the above three noiseless resources). Our coding strategy involves a protocol that we name the classically-assisted state redistribution protocol and the three fundamental protocols. We finally provide an achievable rate region and a matching mutli-letter converse for the direct dynamic capacity theorem. This theorem applies to the scenario where a large number of uses of a noisy quantum channel are available in addition to the consumption or generation of the three noiseless resources. Our coding strategy combines the classically-enhanced father protocol with the three fundamental unit protocols.

Hsieh, M-H, Yen, W-T & Hsu, L-Y 2009, 'High performance entanglement-assisted quantum LDPC codes need little entanglement', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 1761-1769.
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Though the entanglement-assisted formalism provides a universal connection between a classical linear code and an entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting code (EAQECC), the issue of maintaining large amount of pure maximally entangled states in constructing EAQECCs is a practical obstacle to its use. It is also conjectured that the power of entanglement-assisted formalism to convert those good classical codes comes from massive consumption of maximally entangled states. We show that the above conjecture is wrong by providing families of EAQECCs with an entanglement consumption rate that diminishes linearly as a function of the code length. Notably, two families of EAQECCs constructed in the paper require only one copy of maximally entangled state no matter how large the code length is. These families of EAQECCs that are constructed from classical finite geometric LDPC codes perform very well according to our numerical simulations. Our work indicates that EAQECCs are not only theoretically interesting, but also physically implementable. Finally, these high performance entanglement-assisted LDPC codes with low entanglement consumption rates allow one to construct high-performance standard QECCs with very similar parameters.

Hu, H, Li, Y & Wang, J 2009, 'Structural design and dynamic characteristics analysis for a magneto-rheological gun recoil shock absorber under impact load', Zhongguo Jixie Gongcheng/China Mechanical Engineering, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 389-393.
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A full-scale mock-up for MR shock absorber characterized with multistage slotted and smoothness disposal under impact load was firstly established. Considering the dynamic of MR shock absorber under impact load, an inertia factor was introduced to Herschel-Bulkley model, which led to two revised models, named as Herschel-Bulkley-Inertia model. And a suit of real-time measuring and controlling simulation experimental platform including hardware and software for dynamic response of MR gun recoil shock absorber under impact load was developed. The parameters in Bingham-Inertia model and Herschel-Bulkley-Inertia model were identificated by using the testing data. Further, the testing results prove that the designed MR gun recoil long-stroke shock absorber's dynamic performance under impact load can be well controlled by changing the applied current, and the dynamic response models for MR gun recoil shock absorber under impact load are proved.

Hu, HS, Wang, J & Li, YC 2009, 'Design and magnetic analysis of a gun recoil magneto-rheological damper', Dandao Xuebao/Journal of Ballistics, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 78-82.
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A gun recoil magneto-rheological (MR) damper under impact load was researched. A full-scale gun recoil MR damper with long-stroke, multistage slotted and smoothness disposal was designed. The coupling problem between structure and magnetic circuit for MR recoil damper was solved by the electromagnetic field finite element analysis software, and the electromagnetic field distribution of the designed gun recoil MR damper was also analyzed under different conditions, such as coil ringing direction, plunger and steel cylinder part's material selection, dampen channel, smoothness and chamfering disposal, etc. The magnetic circuit design rules of MR recoil damper under high impact load were also concluded. The simulation results indicate that the performance of the designed gun recoil damper satisfy the design requirements.

Huang, S, Wang, Z, Dissanayake, G & Frese, U 2009, 'Iterated D-SLAM map joining: evaluating its performance in terms of consistency, accuracy and efficiency', AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 409-429.
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This paper presents a new map joining algorithm and a set of metrics for evaluating the performance of mapping techniques. The input to the new map joining algorithm is a sequence of local maps containing the feature positions and the final robot pose in a local frame of reference. The output is a global map containing the global positions of all the features but without any robot poses. The algorithm is built on the D-SLAM mapping algorithm (Wang et al. in Int. J. Robot. Res. 26(2):187-204, 2007) and uses iterations to improve the estimates in the map joining step. So it is called Iterated D-SLAM Map Joining (I-DMJ). When joining maps I-DMJ ignores the odometry information connecting successive maps. This is the key to I-DMJ efficiency, because it makes both the information matrix exactly sparse and the size of the state vector bounded by the number of features. The paper proposes metrics for quantifying the performance of different mapping algorithms focusing on evaluating their consistency, accuracy and efficiency. The I-DMJ algorithm and a number of existing SLAM algorithms are evaluated using the proposed metrics. The simulation data sets and a preprocessed Victoria Park data set used in this paper are made available to enable interested researchers to compare their mapping algorithms with I-DMJ.

Hung Gia Hoang, Hoang Duong Tuan & Nguyen, TQ 2009, 'Frequency-Selective KYP Lemma, IIR Filter, and Filter Bank Design', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 956-965.
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For a transfer function F(e(3 omega)) of order n, Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov (KYP) lemma characterizes a general intractable semi-infinite programming (SIP) condition by a tractable semidefinite programming (SDP) for the entire frequency range. Some recent

Husain, SI, Yuan, J, Zhang, J & Martin, RK 2009, 'Time Domain Equalizer Design Using Bit Error Rate Minimization for UWB Systems', EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2009, no. 1, pp. 9-9.
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Huyang, G, Canning, J, Gibson, BC, Khoury, T, Sum, TJ, Neto, C & Crossley, MJ 2009, 'Focused ion beam processing and engineering of devices in self-assembled supramolecular structures', NANOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 20, no. 48.
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Indraratna, B, Attya, A & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2009, 'Experimental Investigation on Effectiveness of a Vertical Drain under Cyclic Loads', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 135, no. 6, pp. 835-839.
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Indraratna, B, Muttuvel, T & Khabbaz, H 2009, 'Modelling the erosion rate of chemically stabilized soil incorporating tensile force - deformation characteristics', CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 57-68.
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To evaluate the safety of embankment dams, it is necessary to estimate the erosion rate based on common geotechnical properties such as shear and tensile strength. However, the empirical expressions that are currently available in the literature for this purpose are often inadequate. In this paper, an analytical model is developed to model the erosion of a soil capturing its tensile behaviour based on the law of energy conservation. The erosion rate can be determined using the proposed model if the tensile force â deformation characteristics, dry density, mean particle diameter, and mean flow velocity are known. The proposed model is semi-empirical and can be validated with experimental results obtained from the novel process simulation apparatus for internal crack erosion (PSAICE) designed and built at the University of Wollongong, Australia. All tests were conducted on erodible silty sand stabilized with cement and lignosulfonate. The model validation clearly indicates that only a fraction of the energy (efficiency index) from the water stream is effectively used for erosion

Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Vinod, J & Khabbaz, H 2009, 'A Review of Ballast Characteristics, Geosynthetics, Confining Pressures and Native Vegetation in Rail Track Stabilisation', Transport Engineering in Australia, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 25-36.
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Given the increased demand for freight transport for the mining and agriculture industries, and for greater public transport via trains due to increased fuel costs, heavier cyclic loading on existing tracks is now inevitable. Construction of rail tracks requires appropriate ballast specification to increase stability and performance of railway tracks. This paper aims to demonstrate and discuss some major aspects in relation to stabilisation of ballasted rail tracks overlying soft formation soils using geocomposites, prefabricated vertical drains and native vegetation. The use of geocomposites (ie. bonded geogrid-geotextile layers) for enhancing the performance of fresh and recycled ballast is described, with the aim of achieving reduced track settlement, increased resilient modulus and decreased ballast degradation. The effects of increasing the confi ning pressure on rail track behaviour, particularly with regard to particle breakage, have been studied using large-scale laboratory tests under cyclic loads. An elastoplastic stress-strain constitutive model for ballast was developed at the University of Wollongong, incorporating the degradation of particles as a particular feature, was introduced by capturing the breakage of particles during shearing, and the effects of cyclic loading on particle degradation and plastic deformation. In addition, numerical simulation using discrete element method has been carried out an assembly of irregular particles to investigate the mechanism of ballast breakage and to quantify breakage in relation to the ballast particle size distribution.

INDRARATNA, B, VINOD, JS & LACKENBY, J 2009, 'Influence of particle breakage on the resilient modulus of railway ballast', Géotechnique, vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 643-646.
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Numerous research studies have been carried out in the recent past to determine the influence on the resilient modulus of railway ballast of parameters such as stress history, number of loading cycles, density, grading, fines content, maximum grain size, aggregate type, particle shape and moisture content. However, the influence of particle breakage on the resilient modulus has not been described in depth. The current study highlights the influence of particle breakage on the resilient modulus of latite ballast (commonly used in railway track in New South Wales, Australia). Aggregate degradation is represented by the ballast breakage index (BBI). Laboratory test results indicate that the BBI has a profound influence on the resilient modulus of ballast. The resilient modulus increases with BBI, irrespective of the effective confining pressure. In addition, a simple hyperbolic relationship has been proposed between the resilient modulus MR and the bulk stress φ for latite ballast.

Isik, O & Esselle, KP 2009, 'Analysis of spiral metamaterials by use of group theory', Metamaterials, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 33-43.
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Monofilar, bifilar, trifilar and quadrifilar Archimedean spiral metamaterial particles are analyzed by using point group symmetry and the methods of crystallography. From the symmetry properties electromagnetic response is determined. Magnetic, electric and magnetoelectric modes of the particles are identified along with their isotropy characteristics. Theoretical methods show that all the particles, except monofilar spiral, are non-bianisotropic. Numerical simulation results are presented to verify the analysis. Finally, effective medium theory is applied to extract the effective permeability of the spiral medium. The results indicate negative values for permeability in certain frequency ranges. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Isik, O & Esselle, KP 2009, 'Design of monofilar and bifilar Archimedean spiral resonators for metamaterial applications', IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 929-929.
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Izadbakhsh, H, Hour Ali, M, Amirkhani, A, Montazeri, A & Saberi, M 2009, 'Performance assessment and optimization of the after-sale networks', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 37, pp. 910-914.
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The after-sales activities are nowadays acknowledged as a relevant source of revenue, profit and competitive advantage in most manufacturing industries. Top and middle management, therefore, should focus on the definition of a structured business performance measurement system for the after-sales business. The paper aims at filling this gap, and presents an integrated methodology for the after-sales network performance measurement, and provides an empirical application to automotive case companies and their official service network. This is the first study that presents an integrated multivariate approach for total assessment and improvement of after-sale services. © 2009 WASET.ORG.

Jakeman, AJ, Rizzoli, AE & Voinov, AA 2009, 'Outstanding reviewers for environmental modelling and software in 2008', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 1137-1138.
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Jap, BT, Lal, S, Fischer, P & Bekiaris, E 2009, 'Using EEG spectral components to assess algorithms for detecting fatigue', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 2352-2359.
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Fatigue is a constant occupational hazard for drivers and it greatly reduces efficiency and performance when one persists in continuing the current activity. Studies have investigated various physiological associations with fatigue to try to identify fatigue indicators. The current study assessed the four electroencephalography (EEG) activities, delta (?), theta (?), alpha (?) and beta (?), during a monotonous driving session in 52 subjects (36 males and 16 females). Performance of four algorithms, which were: algorithm (i) (? + ?)/?, algorithm (ii) ?/?, algorithm (iii) (? + ?)/(? + ?), and algorithm (iv) ?/?, were also assessed as possible indicators for fatigue detection. Results showed stable delta and theta activities over time, a slight decrease of alpha activity, and a significant decrease of beta activity (p < 0.05). All four algorithms showed an increase in the ratio of slow wave to fast wave EEG activities over time. Algorithm (i) (? + ?)/? showed a larger increase. The results have implications for detecting fatigue.

Javaherian, C & Shokri, B 2009, 'Guided dispersion characteristics of metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes', Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 055307-055307.
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Javeed, MA, Chinu, K, Shon, HK & Vigneswaran, S 2009, 'Effect of pre-treatment on fouling propensity of feed as depicted by the modified fouling index (MFI) and cross-flow sampler-modified fouling index (CFS-MFI)', DESALINATION, vol. 238, no. 1-3, pp. 98-108.
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The effectiveness of different pretreatment on the fouling propensity of the feed was studied using synthetic wastewater. The fouling potential of the feed was characterized by the standard modified fouling index (MFI) and cross-flow sampler modified fouling index (CFSMFI). In CFSMFI, a cross-flow sampler was used to simulate the condition of a cross-flow filtration. The results indicated that the pretreatment such as flocculation with an optimum dose of 68 mg/l FeCl3 substantially reduced the fouling propensity of the feed. The standard MFI of flocculated wastewater was reduced by around 99% compared to that of the untreated wastewater. Similarly, the adsorption with powdered activated carbon (PAC) of 1 g/l reduced the standard MFI value to more than 99% compared to that of the untreated wastewater. The CFSMFI values were lower than the standard MFI values for both treated and untreated wastewater, suggesting that the standard MFI was overestimated. The overestimation of the standard MFI compared to that of the CFSMFI value was more than 99%. The effect of molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the foulants in the wastewater on the fouling propensity of the feed was investigated. The MWD was correlated with the MFI and CFSMFI indices. It yielded useful insights in understanding the effect of MW on MFI and CFSMFI and fouling propensity of the feed.

Jayed, MH, Masjuki, HH, Saidur, R, Kalam, MA & Jahirul, MI 2009, 'Environmental aspects and challenges of oilseed produced biodiesel in Southeast Asia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 2452-2462.
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Ji, JC & Zhang, N 2009, 'Nonlinear response of a forced van der Pol-Duffing oscillator at non-resonant bifurcations of codimension two', CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 1467-1475.
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Non-resonant bifurcations of codimension two may appear in the controlled van der Pol-Duffing oscillator when two critical time delays corresponding to a double Hopf bifurcation have the same value. With the aid of centre manifold theorem and the method of multiple scales, the non-resonant response and two types of primary resonances of the forced van der Pol-Duffing oscillator at non-resonant bifurcations of codimension two are investigated by studying the possible solutions and their stability of the four-dimensional ordinary differential equations on the centre manifold. It is shown that the non-resonant response of the forced oscillator may exhibit quasi-periodic motions on a two-or three-dimensional (2D or 3D) torus. The primary resonant responses admit single and mixed solutions and may exhibit periodic motions or quasi-periodic motions on a 2D torus. Illustrative examples are presented to interpret the dynamics of the controlled system in terms of two dummy unfolding parameters and exemplify the periodic and quasi-periodic motions. The analytical predictions are found to be in good agreement with the results of numerical integration of the original delay differential equation.

Ji, JC, Zhang, N & Gao, W 2009, 'Difference resonances in a controlled van der Pol-Duffing oscillator involving time delay', CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 975-980.
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A non-resonant interaction of two Hopf bifurcations may appear after the trivial solution of a controlled van der Pol-Duffing oscillator without external excitation loses its stability, when two critical time delays corresponding to two Hopf bifurcations have the same value. In the vicinity of the non-resonant Hopf bifurcations, the presence of a periodic excitation in the controlled oscillator can induce difference resonances in the forced response, when the forcing frequency and the frequencies of the two Hopf bifurcations satisfy certain relationships. It is found that the frequency response curves of the controlled system under difference resonances are an isolated closed curve. The difference resonance response may admit two stable motions on a three-dimensional torus consisting of three frequencies. Illustrative examples are given to show the quasi-periodic motions.

Jian Zhang, Smith, DB, Hanlen, LW, Miniutti, D, Rodda, D & Gilbert, B 2009, 'Stability of Narrowband Dynamic Body Area Channel', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 8, pp. 53-56.
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Jiang, ZY, Wei, D & Tieu, AK 2009, 'Analysis of cold rolling of ultra thin strip', Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 209, no. 9, pp. 4584-4589.
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Johir, AH, Khorshed, C, Vigneswaran, S & Shon, HK 2009, 'In-line flocculation-filtration as pre-treatment to reverse osmosis desalination', DESALINATION, vol. 247, no. 1-3, pp. 85-93.
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In this paper the performance of single and dual media filters with in-line flocculation have been examined as pretreatment to seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO). A comparison of filter performance was made between single medium filter (80 cm) consisting of sand or anthracite, and dual media filter consisting of sand (40 cm at the bottom) and anthracite (40 cm on top). Short term (6 hours) experiments were conducted with in-line coagulation followed by direct filtration. Filtration velocities of 5 m/h and 10 m/h were used. The performances of these filters were assessed in terms of turbidity removal, head loss build-up, and organic compound removal in terms of molecular weight distribution (MWD). The efficiency of the filter as pretreatment was evaluated in terms of silt density index (SDI) and modified fouling index (MFI). It was found that the turbidity removal was high and all the filters produced more or less same quality water. There was a slower buildup of head loss for coarser filter medium. A post treatment of reverse osmosis after an inline-flocculation-dual media filtration showed lower normalized flux decline (J/J0) (0.35 to 0.22 during the first 20 hours operation) while, seawater without any pretreatment showed steeper flux decline (0.18 to 0.11 at first 20 hours operation) in RO.

Johir, MAH, Lee, JJ, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Shaw, K 2009, 'Treatment of Stormwater using Fibre Filter Media', Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus, vol. 9, no. 5-6, pp. 439-447.
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In this study, a high-rate fibre filter was used as a pre-treatment to stormwater in conjunction with in-line flocculation. The effect of operating the fibre filter with different packing densities (105, 115 and 125 kg/m3) and filtration velocities (20, 40, 60 m/h) with and without in-line flocculation was investigated. In-line flocculation was provided using 5, 10 and 15 mg/L of ferric chloride (FeCl3·6H2O). The filter performance was studied in terms of pressure drop (ÎP), solids removal efficiency, heavy metals (total) removal efficiency and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency. It is found that the use of in-line flocculation at a dose of 15 mg/L improved the performance of fibre filter as measured by turbidity removal (95%), total suspended solids reduction (98%), colour removal efficiency (99%), TOC removal (reduced by 30â40 %) and total coliform removal (93%). The modified fouling index reduced from 750â950 to 12 s/L2 proving that fibre filter can be an excellent pre-treatment to membrane filtration that may be consider as post-treatment. The removal efficiency of heavy metal was variable as their concentration in raw water was small. Even though the concentration of some of these metals such as iron, aluminium, copper and zinc were reduced, others like nickel, chromium and cadmium showed lower removal rates

Johir, MAH, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2009, 'Deep bed filter as pre-treatment to stormwater', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 12, no. 1-3, pp. 313-323.
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This paper presents the results of experiments on the application of dual media and single media deep bed filters as pre-treatments to stormwater. In-line flocculation-filtration experiments were conducted with dual and single media filter. The single filter media (80 cm) consisted of either anthracite or sand, and the dual media filter consisted of sand (40 cm at the bottom) and anthracite (40 cm on top). Filtration velocities of 5 m/h, 10 m/h and 15 m/h were examined. The removal efficiency for turbidity, suspended solids and TOC was found to be 95%, 99% and 30â45% respectively at a flocculant dose of FeCl3 of 15 mg/L. The anthracite filter media showed a lower headloss development (26 cm, operated at 5 m/h filtration velocity with FeCl3 dose of 5 mg/L). The removal efficiency for nitrogen was lower than phosphorus which was relatively good (up to 50%). The removal efficiency for heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Cr and Ni was found to be very low for all tested filtration systems because concentrations of these metals in the influent were also low. This filter can be used as a pretreatment to a membrane filter as the modified fouling index was reduced from 750 s/L2 (for stormwater) to 15 s/L2 (for filtered effluent). Detailed submerged membrane filter experiments conducted with pre-treated water showed that the membrane filter can be successfully be used as post-treatment to in-line flocculant-filter at a sustainable flux of 10 L/m2.h to remove the remaining solids and pathogens. An increase of air scouring in the membrane unit decreased the pressure development although it did not have any effect on increasing the critical flux beyond 10 L/m2.h.

Jones, J, Wu, C, Oehlers, DJ, Whittaker, AS, Sun, W, Marks, S & Coppola, R 2009, 'Finite difference analysis of simply supported RC slabs for blast loadings', Engineering Structures, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 2825-2832.
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Joshi, SC 2009, 'Pragmatism in semi-steady modular finite-grid simulation methodology for aerospace composites manufacturing', Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 839-849.
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Joshi, SC 2009, 'Reducing loss of resin flowing in porous fibrous media in simulation of composites fabrication', Polymer Composites, pp. NA-NA.
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Joshi, SC & Chen, B 2009, 'Influence of surfactant properties on thermal behavior and sol-gel transitions in surfactant-HPMC mixtures', Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 113, no. 5, pp. 2887-2893.
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Joshi, SH & Srivastava, A 2009, 'Intrinsic Bayesian Active Contours for Extraction of Object Boundaries in Images', International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 331-355.
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Joshi, SK & Dhar, U 2009, 'In vitro propagation from axenic explants of Lilium oxypetalum (D. Don) Baker, an endemic bulbous plant of high altitude Himalaya', Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 833-838.
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Joshi, SP, Eberl, C, Cao, B, Ramesh, KT & Hemker, KJ 2009, 'On the Occurrence of Portevin–Le Châtelier Instabilities in Ultrafine-Grained 5083 Aluminum Alloys', Experimental Mechanics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 207-218.
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Juszczyszyn, K, Musiał, K, Kazienko, P & Gabrys, B 2009, 'Temporal changes in local topology of an email-based social network', Computing and Informatics, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 763-779.
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The dynamics of complex social networks has become one of the research areas of growing importance. The knowledge about temporal changes of the network topology and characteristics is crucial in networked communication systems in which accurate predictions are important. The local network topology can be described by the means of network motifs which are small subgraphs - usually containing from 3 to 7 nodes. They were shown to be useful for creating profiles that reveal several properties of the network. In this paper, the time-varying characteristics of social networks, such as the number of nodes and edges as well as clustering coefficients and different centrality measures are investigated. At the same time, the analysis of three-node motifs (triads) was used to track the temporal changes in the structure of a large social network derived from e-mail communication between university employees. We have shown that temporal changes in local connection patterns of the social network are indeed correlated with the changes in the clustering coefficient as well as various centrality measures values and are detectable by means of motifs analysis. Together with robust sampling network motifs can provide an appealing way to monitor and assess temporal changes in large social networks.

Kadlec, P & Gabrys, B 2009, 'Architecture for development of adaptive on-line prediction models', Memetic Computing, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 241-269.
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This work presents an architecture for the development of on-line prediction models. The architecture defines unified modular environment based on three concepts from machine learning, these are: (i) ensemble methods, (ii) local learning, and (iii) meta learning. The three concepts are organised in a three layer hierarchy within the architecture. For the actual prediction making any data-driven predictive method such as artificial neural network, support vector machines, etc. can be implemented and plugged in. In addition to the predictive methods, data pre-processing methods can also be implemented as plug-ins. Models developed according to the architecture can be trained and operated in different modes. With regard to the training, the architecture supports the building of initial models based on a batch of training data, but if this data is not available the models can also be trained in incremental mode. In a scenario where correct target values are (occasionally) available during the run-time, the architecture supports life-long learning by providing several adaptation mechanisms across the three hierarchical levels. In order to demonstrate its practicality, we show how the issues of current soft sensor development and maintenance can be effectively dealt with by using the architecture as a construction plan for the development of adaptive soft sensing algorithms. © Springer-Verlag 2009.

Kadlec, P, Gabrys, B & Strandt, S 2009, 'Data-driven Soft Sensors in the process industry', Computers & Chemical Engineering, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 795-814.
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Kadupitige, SR, Leung, KC, Sellmeier, J, Sivieng, J, Catchpoole, DR, Bain, ME & Gaëta, BA 2009, 'MINER: exploratory analysis of gene interaction networks by machine learning from expression data', BMC Genomics, vol. 10, no. S3.
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Abstract Background The reconstruction of gene regulatory networks from high-throughput 'omics' data has become a major goal in the modelling of living systems. Numerous approaches have been proposed, most of which attempt only 'one-shot' reconstruction of the whole network with no intervention from the user, or offer only simple correlation analysis to infer gene dependencies. Results We have developed MINER (Microarray Interactive Network Exploration and Representation), an application that combines multivariate non-linear tree learning of individual gene regulatory dependencies, visualisation of these dependencies as both trees and networks, and representation of known biological relationships based on common Gene Ontology annotations. MINER allows biologists to explore the dependencies influencing the expression of individual genes in a gene expression data set in the form of decision, model or regression trees, using their domain knowledge to guide the exploration and formulate hypotheses. Multiple trees can then be summarised in the form of a gene network diagram. MINER is being adopted by several of our collaborators and has already led to the discovery of a new significant regulatory relationship with subsequent experimental validation. Conclusion Unlike most gene regulatory network inference methods, MINER allows the user to start from genes of interest and build the network gene-by-gene, incorporating domain expertise in the process. This approach has been used successfully with RNA microarray data but is applicable to other quantitative data produced by high-throughput technologies such as proteomics and 'next generation' DNA sequencing....

Kai Zhang, Tsang, IW & Kwok, JT 2009, 'Maximum Margin Clustering Made Practical', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 583-596.
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Motivated by the success of large margin methods in supervised learning, maximum margin clustering (MMC) is a recent approach that aims at extending large margin methods to unsupervised learning. However, its optimization problem is nonconvex and existing MMC methods all rely on reformulating and relaxing the nonconvex optimization problem as semidefinite programs (SDP). Though SDP is convex and standard solvers are available, they are computationally very expensive and only small data sets can be handled. To make MMC more practical, we avoid SDP relaxations and propose in this paper an efficient approach that performs alternating optimization directly on the original nonconvex problem. A key step to avoid premature convergence in the resultant iterative procedure is to change the loss function from the hinge loss to the Laplacian/square loss so that overconfident predictions are penalized. Experiments on a number of synthetic and real-world data sets demonstrate that the proposed approach is more accurate, much faster (hundreds to tens of thousands of times faster), and can handle data sets that are hundreds of times larger than the largest data set reported in the MMC literature.

Kale, A, Joshi, S, Pillai, A, Naphade, N, Raju, MSVK, Nasrallah, H & Mahadik, SP 2009, 'Reduced cerebrospinal fluid and plasma nerve growth factor in drug-naïve psychotic patients', Schizophrenia Research, vol. 115, no. 2-3, pp. 209-214.
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Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA, Agrawal, A, Tanvir, HM & Grattan, KTV 2009, 'Metal-Coated Defect-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber for THz Propagation', Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 1631-1637.
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Ken-Li Lin, Chin-Teng Lin, Pal, NR & Ojha, S 2009, 'Structural building blocks', IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 38-44.
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Kersten, W, Hülle, J, Möller, K & Lammers, T 2009, 'Kostenorientierte Analyse der Modularisierung', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 104, no. 12, pp. 1136-1141.
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Kurzfassung Modularisierungskonzepte finden vermehrt Anwendung, um den Zielkonflikt zwischen der Notwendigkeit einer höheren Variantenvielfalt sowie dem Bestreben zur Komplexitätsoptimierung und Standardisierung zu lösen. Die Umsetzung einer optimalen Produktstrategie und die erfolgversprechende Durchführung bzw. Erweiterung von Modularisierungskonzepten setzen eine verursachungsgerechte Kostenbewertung zur Entscheidungsunterstützung voraus. Ergebnis des vorliegenden Beitrags ist ein Rahmenkonzept für ein Entscheidungsunterstützungssystem zur Implementierung von Modularisierungskonzepten unter Berücksichtigung von Kostenwirkungen. Dazu wird eine strukturierte Vorgehensweise zur Identifikation und Bewertung von kostenbeeinflussenden Modularisierungswirkungen mit Hilfe von geeigneten Kennzahlen vorgestellt.

Kielpinski, D, Pullen, MG, Canning, J, Stevenson, M, Westbrook, PS & Feder, KS 2009, 'Mode-locked picosecond pulse generation from an octave-spanning supercontinuum', OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 17, no. 23, pp. 20833-20839.
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Kilari, AS, Mehendale, SS, Dangat, KD, Yadav, HR, Kulakarni, AV, Dhobale, MV, Taralekar, VS & Joshi, SR 2009, 'Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in mothers and term babies', jpme, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 513-518.
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Abstract Aim: To establish the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in both plasma and erythrocytes of maternal and cord blood as well as in breast milk of mothers delivering babies at term. Methods: A total of 148 mothers delivering babies at term were recruited from Bharati Medical Hospital, Pune, India. Results: Levels of DHA and AA in both plasma and erythrocyte were higher in cord blood compared to levels in maternal blood (P<0.001). Maternal plasma and erythrocyte DHA levels had a positive association with the respective levels in cord blood (P<0.001). However, such an association was not seen for AA levels. Maternal plasma omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids were positively associated with the respective milk fatty acids (P<0.01). Conclusions: Our results indicate that milk long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) status reflects the concentrations of maternal LCPUFA in women delivering babies at term. Improving the maternal LCPUFA status throughout pregnancy and lactation may improve the milk LCPUFA status and ultimately benefit the infant.

Kirchner, N, Liu, D & Dissanayake, G 2009, 'Surface Type Classification With a Laser Range Finder', IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 1160-1168.
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This paper presents a system for surface classification using a laser range finder. It is shown that the return intensities and range errors provide sufficient information to distinguish a wide range of surfaces commonly found in a number of environments. A supervised learning scheme (using curves representing the return intensity and range error as a function of angle of incidence) is used to classify the surface type of planar patches. Extensive experimental evidence is presented to demonstrate the potential of the proposed technique. The surface type classification, which uses a typical laser range finder, is targeted for use with autonomous robotic systems in which significantly different interaction is required for each of the various materials present. Results from an on-site experiment demonstrate that the information from the laser range finder is sufficient to identify the different materials (via their surface properties) present in a scene where a bridge structure is being prepared for grit blasting.

Kumarasinghe, D, Pettigrew, L & Nghiem, LD 2009, 'Removal of heavy metals from mining impacted water by an electrocoagulation-ultrafiltration hybrid process', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 11, no. 1-3, pp. 66-72.
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Kus, B & Kandasamy, J 2009, 'Low-Cost Filtration System to Treat First-Flush Stormwater', Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus, vol. 9, no. 5-6, pp. 347-355.
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The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of the low-flow filtration system (LFFS) that Kogarah Municipal Council developed for treating and reusing the highly polluted first-flush stormwater (FFSW) while allowing the cleaner subsequent major stormwater flows to be directed to the major street drainage. The LFFS was evaluated through laboratory investigations using columns packed with different filter media to test the removal efficiency of pollutants such as zinc (Zn), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), total organic content, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), and turbidity. The findings from this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the LFFS to largely reduce turbidity, TPH, and trace metals from the FFSW. The LFFS also partially removes dissolved organics, TP and TN. These pollutants are more commonly and effectively removed in subsequent processes of a stormwater treatment train. Further this paper highlights the importance of regular maintenance of the LFFS especially as it is only associated in removing the high pollutant loads during a storm event. Due to this first flush, a thick oily crust-formed layer requires monthly removal, and an entire replacement of the exhausted filter media is required quarterly. However considering the labor required to service the crust formed layer within the LFFS, it is more cost effective to replace the entire depth of filter media monthly.

Kwok, NM, Ha, QP, Liu, D & Fang, G 2009, 'Contrast Enhancement and Intensity Preservation for Gray-Level Images Using Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 145-155.
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The contrast enhancement of gray-level digital images is considered in this paper. In particular, the mean image intensity is preserved while the contrast is enhanced. This provides better viewing consistence and effectiveness. The contrast enhancement is achieved by maximizing the information content carried in the image via a continuous intensity transform function. The preservation of image intensity is obtained by applying gamma-correction on the images. Since there is always a trade-off between the requirements for the enhancement of contrast and preservation of intensity, an improved multiobjective particle swarm optimization procedure is proposed to resolve this contradiction, making use of its flexible algorithmic structure. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by a number of images including the benchmarks and an image sequence captured from a mobile robot in an indoor environment.

Lai, A, Cairns, MJ, Tran, N, Zhang, H-P, Cullen, L & Arndt, GM 2009, 'RNA Modulators of Complex Phenotypes in Mammalian Cells', PLoS ONE, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. e4758-e4758.
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Lai, Y, Bennett, NS, Ahn, C, Cowern, NEB, Cordero, N & Greer, JC 2009, 'Transient activation model for antimony in relaxed and strained silicon', Solid-State Electronics, vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 1173-1176.
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Lancry, M, Groothoff, N, Poumellec, B & Canning, J 2009, 'Photo-induced densification in Er3+/Al doped silica preform plates using 193-nm laser light', APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS, vol. 94, no. 4, pp. 589-597.
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Le, H, Schiff, N, Plessis, JD & Hoang, DB 2009, 'A pervasive tele-health system for continual and low intrusive monitoring using peer-to-peer networks', International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 330-330.
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There are many people suffering from chronic illnesses, obesity and related diseases such as: high blood pressure, arrhythmia, diabetes, etc. However, with a large number of patients and constant health monitoring requirements, a centralised server will not be able to accommodate such high volumes of data. In this paper, the authors propose to develop a pervasive electronic healthcare system using peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. The authors developed a heart monitoring application as their first prototype to demonstrate the concept. The main advantage of the model is scalability and cost efficiency. Copyright © 2009 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Lee, BC, Kim, S, Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Kim, SD, Cho, J, Kim, IS, Choi, KH, Kim, JB, Park, HJ & Kim, J-H 2009, 'Aquatic toxicity evaluation of TiO2 nanoparticle produced from sludge of TiCl4 flocculation of wastewater and seawater', JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 2087-2096.
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Flocculation using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) as a coagulant is an efficient and economical application because the flocculated sludge can be recycled to produce a valuable byproduct, namely titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. However, toxicity of TiCl4 has not yet been assessed while it is used in water treatment. The aquatic toxicity of TiCl4 flocculation process was investigated to assess the environmental safety of the coagulant. D. magna and V. fischeri bioassays were carried out to evaluate the supernatant toxicity after TiCl4 flocculation. Artificial wastewater, biologically treated sewage effluent, and seawater were used to study the toxicity of TiCl4 flocculation. Results showed that supernatant toxicity was very low when TiCl4 flocculation was conducted (no observed effect concentration = 100 mg/L and lowest observed effect concentration = 150 mg/L exposed to D. magna and V. fischeri, respectively). Similarly, TiO2 nanoparticles recovered from wastewater and seawater flocculated sludge were also found to have low toxicity. The regenerated TiO2 nanoparticles indicated low toxicity values when compared to the commercial-TiO2 nanoparticle, P-25.

Lee, JJ, Johir, MAH, Chinu, KH, Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Kim, CW & Shaw, K 2009, 'Hybrid filtration method for pre-treatment of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO)', DESALINATION, vol. 247, no. 1-3, pp. 15-24.
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Hybrid processes combining fi bre fi lter with deep bed fi ltration process such as (i) fi bre fi lter and sand fi lter, (ii) fi bre fi lter and anthracite and (iii) fi bre fi lter and dual media fi lter were investigated as pre- treatments to SWRO. Seawater was drawn from Chowder Bay, Sydney. The eff ect of diff erent pretreatment hybrid systems was investigated in terms of silt density index (SDI10), modifi ed fouling index (MFI), headloss across the fi lters and reduction in turbidity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The in-line fl occulation in fi bre fi lter improved the performance of the pretreatment hybrid system as measured by the MFI, SDI10, headloss, turbidity and DOC removal. The lowest SDI10 and MFI were found with a fi bre fi lter operated at a fi ltration velocity of 40 m/h followed by dual media fi lter operated at a fi ltration velocity of 5 m/h. The lowest headloss and turbidity was found with a fi bre fi lter operated at a fi ltration velocity of 40 m/hr followed by anthracite operated at a fi ltration velocity of 5 m/h. This system also gave an effl uent with the lowest DOC of 0.64 mg/L corresponding to a removal effi ciency of about 70%.

LEE, M, GANDEVIA, SC & CARROLL, TJ 2009, 'Short-Term Strength Training Does Not Change Cortical Voluntary Activation', Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 1452-1460.
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PURPOSE: The neural mechanisms responsible for strength improvement in the early phase of strength training are unknown. One hypothesis is that strength increases because of increased neural drive to the trained muscles. Here, we used twitch interpolation to assess voluntary activation before and after a 4-wk strength training program. METHODS:: Twelve volunteers performed unilateral strength training for the right wrist abductors (three times per week). Control subjects (n = 11) practiced the same movement without resistance. We assessed voluntary activation of the trained muscles during wrist abduction and extension contractions using twitch interpolation with motor nerve and motor cortical stimulation. RESULTS:: Strength training increased wrist abduction maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force for the trained hand by 11.0% (±8.7, P < 0.01). MVC of the untrained wrist was unchanged. There were no significant changes in wrist extension MVC force in either group. During submaximal wrist abduction, but not extension contractions, the average size of the superimposed twitches produced by cortical stimulation was significantly larger after strength training (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the direction of the twitches produced by cortical stimulation during wrist abductions and maximal wrist extension shifted toward abduction (P = 0.04). There were neither significant changes in voluntary activation measured during MVC with motor nerve or motor cortical stimulation nor changes in the amplitude of evoked EMG responses to motor cortical or motor nerve stimulation. CONCLUSIONS:: Four weeks of strength training produced a small increase in MVC that was specific to the training direction. Although maximal voluntary activation did not change with short-term strength training, the changes in direction and amplitude of cortically evoked twitches suggest that motor cortical stimulation (and presumably volition) can generate motor output more effectively to the trained muscles.

Lee, M, Gandevia, SC & Carroll, TJ 2009, 'Unilateral strength training increases voluntary activation of the opposite untrained limb', Clinical Neurophysiology, vol. 120, no. 4, pp. 802-808.
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Objective: We investigated whether an increase in neural drive from the motor cortex contributes to the cross-limb transfer of strength that can occur after unilateral strength training. Methods: Twitch interpolation was performed with transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess changes in strength and cortical voluntary activation in the untrained left wrist, before and after 4 weeks of unilateral strength-training involving maximal voluntary isometric wrist extension contractions (MVCs) for the right wrist (n = 10, control group = 10). Results: Wrist extension MVC force increased in both the trained (31.5 ± 18%, mean ± SD, p < 0.001) and untrained wrist (8.2 ± 9.7%, p = 0.02), whereas wrist abduction MVC did not change significantly. The amplitude of the superimposed twitches evoked during extension MVCs decreased by 35% (±20%, p < 0.01), which contributed to a significant increase in voluntary activation (2.9 ± 3.5%, p < 0.01). Electromyographic responses to cortical and peripheral stimulation were unchanged by training. There were no significant changes for the control group which did not train. Conclusion: Unilateral strength training increased the capacity of the motor cortex to drive the homogolous untrained muscles. Significance: The data show for the first time that an increase in cortical drive contributes to the contralateral strength training effect. © 2009 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.

Lee, T 2009, 'A note on the sign degree of formulas'.
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Recent breakthroughs in quantum query complexity have shown that any formula of size n can be evaluated with O(sqrt(n)log(n)/log log(n)) many quantum queries in the bounded-error setting [FGG08, ACRSZ07, RS08b, Rei09]. In particular, this gives an upper bound on the approximate polynomial degree of formulas of the same magnitude, as approximate polynomial degree is a lower bound on quantum query complexity [BBCMW01]. These results essentially answer in the affirmative a conjecture of O'Donnell and Servedio [O'DS03] that the sign degree--the minimal degree of a polynomial that agrees in sign with a function on the Boolean cube--of every formula of size n is O(sqrt(n)). In this note, we show that sign degree is super-multiplicative under function composition. Combining this result with the above mentioned upper bounds on the quantum query complexity of formulas allows the removal of logarithmic factors to show that the sign degree of every size n formula is at most sqrt(n).

LEEDHAM, G, MA, Y & BLUMENSTEIN, M 2009, 'HANDWRITTEN SHORTHAND AND ITS FUTURE POTENTIAL FOR FAST MOBILE TEXT ENTRY', International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 23, no. 05, pp. 1031-1051.
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Handwritten shorthand systems were devised to enable writers to record information on paper at fast speeds, ideally at the speed of speech. While they have been in existence for many years it is only since the 17th Century that widespread usage appeared. Several shorthand systems flourished in the first half of the 20th century until the introduction and widespread use of electronic recording and dictation machines in the 1970's. Since then, shorthand usage has been in rapid decline, but has not yet become a lost skill. Pitman shorthand has been shown to possess unique advantages as a means of fast text entry which is particularly applicable to hand-held devices in mobile environments. This paper presents progress and critical research issues for a Pitman/Renqun Shorthand Online Recognition System. Recognition and transcription experiments are reported which indicate that a correct recognition and transcription rate of around 90% is currently possible.

Lei, G, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2009, 'Improved Sequential Optimization Method for High Dimensional Electromagnetic Device Optimization', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 3993-3996.
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Improved sequential optimization method (SOM) and dimension reduction optimization method (DROM) are presented for high dimensional optimization design problems of electromagnetic devices. Improved SOM can simultaneously optimize the statistical approximate models and optimization algorithms more efficiently compared with SOM. Using DROM, a high dimensional problem can be converted into a low dimensional problem with expert experience or some design of experiment techniques. Then two TEAM benchmark problems (Problem 22 and Problem 25) are investigated to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed methods. From the experimental results, we can see that the presented methods can obviously reduce the computational cost of finite element analysis, while the optimal results also satisfy design specification.

Lei, G, Shao, KR, Li, YB, Yang, GY, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2009, 'Bayesian Inversion Method and its Information Determination for the Estimation of Particle Size Distribution in Ferrofluids', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 3981-3984.
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Using Gaussian numerical integration formula, the problem of estimating the particle size distribution (PSD) in ferrofluids can be converted into an electromagnetic inverse problem. Then we present two Bayesian analytical estimators, minimum mean-square error estimator and maximum a posteriori estimator, to reconstruct the PSD of magnetic particles. In the implementation, weighted minimum norm approach, maximum likelihood estimator, and weighted least square estimator are employed to determine prior information for the unknown parameter. We also present two methods to provide the noise information for the error term. Finally, using Monte Carlo method, we give a ferrofluid example to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed methods.

Leijdekkers, P, Gay, VC & Barin, E 2009, 'Feasibility study of a non invasive cardiac rhythm management system', International Journal of Assistive Robotics and Systems, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 5-14.
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Lezana, P, Aguilera, R & Quevedo, DE 2009, 'Model Predictive Control of an Asymmetric Flying Capacitor Converter', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 1839-1846.
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Lezana, P, Aguilera, R & Rodriguez, J 2009, 'Fault Detection on Multicell Converter Based on Output Voltage Frequency Analysis', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 2275-2283.
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Li, B, Joshi, S, Azevedo, K, Ma, E, Ramesh, KT, Figueiredo, RB & Langdon, TG 2009, 'Dynamic testing at high strain rates of an ultrafine-grained magnesium alloy processed by ECAP', Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 517, no. 1-2, pp. 24-29.
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Li, H, Jiang, Z, Tieu, AK, Sun, W, Wei, D & Zhu, H 2009, 'Tribological features of roll surface in cold metal rolling', International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering, vol. 3, no. 5/6, pp. 407-407.
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Cold strip rolling under dry and lubricated conditions vas conducted oil a new developed mini-mill, which was installed ill the Gleeble 3500 Thermo-mechanical Simulator. The surface roughness and Power Spectrum Density (PSD) features of the rolls were analysed. Results show that the lubrication significantly reduces Surface roughness of the 4%Cr roll, but has less effect oil surface toughness of the 4%Cr with Ti-added roll. The surface deterioration of 4%Cr with Ti-added roll varies significantly with all increase of rolling passes. Asperities oil roll surface experience inhomogeneous variation, which indicates the deterioration of surface roughness is different for both roll materials.

Li, J & Hao, P 2009, 'Finding representative landmarks of data on manifolds', Pattern Recognition, vol. 42, no. 11, pp. 2335-2352.
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Li, K, Zhou, W & Yu, S 2009, 'Effective metric for detecting distributed denial-of-service attacks based on information divergence', IET Communications, vol. 3, no. 12, pp. 1851-1851.
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Li, Q, Xu, C, Liang, W, Zhong, S, Zheng, X & Zhu, J 2009, 'Residue incorporation and N fertilization affect the response of soil nematodes to the elevated CO2 in a Chinese wheat field', Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 1497-1503.
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The interplay between the carbon and other nutrient cycles is the key to understand the responses of soil ecosystems to climatic change. Using the free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) techniques, we carried out a multifactorial experiment in a Chinese rice-wheat rotation system, to investigate the response of soil nematodes to elevated CO2 under different application rates of N fertilizer (225.0 kg N ha-1 (HN) and 112.5 kg N ha-1(LN), respectively) and residue incorporation (0 kg C ha-1 (ZR), 1000 kg C ha-1 (MR) and 2000 kg C ha-1 (HR), respectively). This study was conducted during the wheat growing season of 2007 after expose to the elevated CO2 for three years. The results in our study indicated that seasonality is an important factor in determining changes in the nematode abundance and diversity. The residue addition effects were more obvious than the elevated CO2, which significantly influenced the abundance of total nematodes and plant-parasites, and some ecological indices. The interactions between residue addition and CO2 significantly influenced nematode dominance and structure indices. High level of N fertilization was found to decrease the nematode diversity, generic richness and maturity indices at wheat jointing stage. There are significant interactions between N fertilization and elevated CO2 for abundance of total nematodes and different trophic groups. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd.

Li, S & Cohn, AG 2009, 'Reasoning with Topological and Directional Spatial Information', Computational Intelligence, 2012, 28(4):579-616, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 579-616.
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Current research on qualitative spatial representation and reasoning mainly focuses on one single aspect of space. In real world applications, however, multiple spatial aspects are often involved simultaneously. This paper investigates problems arising in reasoning with combined topological and directional information. We use the RCC8 algebra and the Rectangle Algebra (RA) for expressing topological and directional information respectively. We give examples to show that the bipath-consistency algorithm BIPATH is incomplete for solving even basic RCC8 and RA constraints. If topological constraints are taken from some maximal tractable subclasses of RCC8, and directional constraints are taken from a subalgebra, termed DIR49, of RA, then we show that BIPATH is able to separate topological constraints from directional ones. This means, given a set of hybrid topological and directional constraints from the above subclasses of RCC8 and RA, we can transfer the joint satisfaction problem in polynomial time to two independent satisfaction problems in RCC8 and RA. For general RA constraints, we give a method to compute solutions that satisfy all topological constraints and approximately satisfy each RA constraint to any prescribed precision.

Li, Y & Esselle, KP 2009, 'Small EBG resonator high-gain antenna using in-phase highly-reflecting surface', Electronics Letters, vol. 45, no. 21, pp. 1058-1058.
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Li, Y, Guo, Y, Lei, G & Shao, K 2009, 'Sequential inference method of electromagnetic optimization in engineering', Huazhong Keji Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 25-28.
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Sequential inference method was presented for engineering electromagnetic optimization by the combination of statistical approximate models with sequential sampling method. In the implementation, approximate models include radial basis model and compactly supported radial basis model; sequential sampling and optimization process is composed of coarse optimization process and fine optimization process. Compared with traditional direct optimization method, the optimization models constructed by the sequential sampling method only need a small sample data, and the overall computational effort needed is much less than that by direct optimization method. Meanwhile, sequential method can provide prior information for the optimization algorithm. Finally, to illustrate the performance of the new method, Monte Carlo simulation experiment and the IEEE TEAM Workshop Problem 22 are investigated. Analysis demonstrates that the computation cost of the new methods is less than 1/10 of direct optimization algorithm. The optimization results are also satisfied the design objectives.

Li, Y, Johnston, BF, Withford, MJ & Esselle, KP 2009, 'Design, fabrication, simulation, and measurement of a dual-band, planar, compact artificial magnetic conductor', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 1524-1527.
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Li, Y, Li, J, Samali, B & Wang, J 2009, 'Design considerations and experimental studies on semi-active smart pin joint', Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering in China, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 363-370.
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Hostile dynamic loadings such as severe wind storms, earthquakes, and sudden impacts can cause severe damage to many civil engineering structures. An intelligent structural system equipped with smart structural members that are controllable in real-time is an effective solution to structural damage and failure during such situations. Civil intelligent structures with controllable properties to adapt to any changes due to dynamic loadings can lead to effective protection of structures and their occupants. In this paper, design and testing of a semi-active magnetorheological (MR) pin joint, in which the moment resistance can be controlled in real-time by altering the magnetic field, is reported with the view of using it as a potential candidate for smart members in the development of intelligent structures. Design of prototype smart pin joints includes theoretical analysis related to the radius of the rotary plate, the property of MR fluids and the gap between the rotary plate and the casing based on the requirements of the dynamics of MR pin joints. FEM analysis was deployed to study the distribution of the magnetic field along the gap. It is found, from the theoretical analysis and experimental verification, that the MR pin joint with a diameter of 180 mm can produce a torque of up to 30 Nm, which meets requirements for semi-active members in a multi-storey prototype building model in the next stage of research and development.

Lin, C-T, Huang, T-Y, Liang, W-C, Chiu, T-T, Chao, C-F, Hsu, S-H & Ko, L-W 2009, 'Assessing Effectiveness of Various Auditory Warning Signals in Maintaining Drivers' Attention in Virtual Reality-Based Driving Environments', Perceptual and Motor Skills, vol. 108, no. 3, pp. 825-835.
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Drivers' fatigue contributes to traffic accidents, so drivers must maintain adequate alertness. The effectiveness of audio alarms in maintaining driving performance and characteristics of alarms was studied in a virtural reality-based driving environment. Response time to the car's drifting was measured under seven conditions: with no warnings and with continuous warning tones (500 Hz, 1750 Hz, and 3000 Hz), and with tone bursts at 500 Hz, 1750 Hz, and 3000 Hz. Analyses showed the audio warning signals significantly improved driving. Further, the tones' spectral characteristics significantly influenced the effectiveness of the warning.

Lin, C-T, Ko, L-W & Shen, T-K 2009, 'Computational intelligent brain computer interaction and its applications on driving cognition', IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 32-46.
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Lindahl, M, José, M, Jurado, L, Pilar, M, Ramos, G & Carmen, M 2009, 'A decision making method for educational management based on distance measures', Revista de Metodos Cuantitativos para la Economia y la Empresa, vol. 8, pp. 29-49.
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We develop a new approach for decision making in educational management based on the use of distance measures. We focus on the selection of a studies plan from the perspective of an academic institution. We try to develop this approach showing the benefits of establishing an ideal plan that we compare with the available alternatives. We use the Minkowski distance, the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator and the interval numbers. The use of the Minkowski distance allows to make comparisons between the ideal plan and the available ones in the market. The OWA operator is an aggregation operator that provides a parameterized family of aggregation operators that includes the maximum, the minimum and the average criteria, among oth- ers. And the interval numbers is a very useful technique to represent the information when the environment is very complex, because it gives all the possible results from the minimum to the maximum. We introduce a new aggregation operator called the uncertain generalized ordered weighted aver- aging distance (UGOWAD) operator. It is a distance aggregation operator that uses the main characteristics of the Minkowski distance, the OWA op- erator and the interval numbers. We develop an illustrative example where we can see the usefulness of the UGOWAD operator to select a studies plan in education management. The main advantage of using the UGOWAD is that we can consider a wide range of distance aggregation methods in the decision problem. Then, the decision maker gets a more complete view of the decision problem, being able to select the alternative that better fits the interests.

Lister, R 2009, 'CS research', ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 72-74.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, R, Fidge, C & Teague, D 2009, 'Further evidence of a relationship between explaining, tracing and writing skills in introductory programming', ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 161-165.
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This paper reports on a replication of earlier studies into a possible hierarchy of programming skills. In this study, the students from whom data was collected were at a university that had not provided data for earlier studies. Also, the students were taught the programming language 'Python', which had not been used in earlier studies. Thus this study serves as a test of whether the findings in the earlier studies were specific to certain institutions, student cohorts, and programming languages. Also, we used a non-parametric approach to the analysis, rather than the linear approach of earlier studies. Our results are consistent with the earlier studies. We found that students who cannot trace code usually cannot explain code, and also that students who tend to perform reasonably well at code writing tasks have also usually acquired the ability to both trace code and explain code.

Listowski, A, Ngo, HH, Guo, WS, Vigneswaran, S & Palmer, CG 2009, 'Concepts towards a novel integrated assessment methodology of urban water reuse', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 11, no. 1-3, pp. 81-92.
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Traditional supplies of large volumes of water and wastewater disposal technologies have offered a linear solution, thus intensifying environmental stress. In addition, provision of urban infrastructure especially any major augmentations are often the impractical or economically prohibitive. Urban water cycle should be viewed as an interactive and coordinated approach involving: Available water resources, Appropriate treatment technology producing fi t for purpose water quality, and Ascertaining long term balance between environmental, social and economic issues.

Liu, RP, Rosberg, Z, Collings, IB, Wilson, C, Dong, AY & Jha, S 2009, 'Energy Efficient Reliable Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Networks with Asymmetric Links.', Int. J. Wirel. Inf. Networks, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 131-141.
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Field measurements reveal that radio link asymmetry has a severe impact on reliable data delivery. We analyze the energy efficiencies of selected reliability schemes for asymmetric radio links using theoretical models. The analysis provides guidelines for retransmission control so as to balance between reliability and energy consumption. We also design two enhancements to the "implicit" ARQ scheme addressing the negative effects of asymmetric radio links. The energy efficiencies of these algorithms are explicitly derived using our theoretical model and validated by simulations and field trials. Based on the analysis of the two enhanced algorithms, we propose an improvement, referred to as Energy Efficient Reliable Data Collection (EERDC) that controls the retransmissions of the enhanced ARQ schemes. Simulations and field trials confirm our theoretical findings and demonstrate that our proposed EERDC algorithm alleviates the impact of link asymmetry and achieves energy savings. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

LIU, S-G, NI, B-J, WEl, L, TANG, Y & YU, H-Q 2009, 'Contact-Adsorption-Regeneration-Stabilization Process for the Treatment of Municipal Wastewater', Journal of Water and Environment Technology, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 83-90.
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Liu, X-W, Yu, H-Q, Ni, B-J & Sheng, G-P 2009, 'Characterization, Modeling and Application of Aerobic Granular Sludge for Wastewater Treatment', BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CHINA I, vol. 113, pp. 275-303.
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Longbing Cao, Ruwei Dai & Mengchu Zhou 2009, 'Metasynthesis: M-Space, M-Interaction, and M-Computing for Open Complex Giant Systems', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 1007-1021.
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The studies of complex systems have been recognized as one of the greatest challenges for current and future science and technology. Open complex giant systems (OCGSs) are a family of specially complex systems with system complexities such as openness, human involvement, societal characteristic, and intelligence emergence. They greatly challenge multiple disciplines such as system sciences, system engineering, cognitive sciences, information systems, artificial intelligence, and computer sciences. As a result, traditional problem-solving methodologies can help deal with them but are far from a mature solution methodology. The theory of qualitative-to-quantitative metasynthesis has been proposed as a breakthrough and effective methodology for the understanding and problem solving of OCGSs. In this paper, we propose the concepts of M-Interaction, M-Space, and M-Computing which are three key components for studying OCGS and building problem-solving systems. M-Interaction forms the main problem-solving mechanism of qualitative-to-quantitative metasynthesis; M-Space is the OCGS problem-solving system embedded with M-Interactions, while M-Computing consists of engineering approaches to the analysis, design, and implementation of M-Space and M-Interaction. We discuss the theoretical framework, problem-solving process, social cognitive evolution, intelligence emergence, and pitfalls of certain types of cognitions in developing M-Space and M-Interaction from the perspectives of cognitive sciences and social cognitive interaction. These can help one understand complex systems and develop effective problem-solving methodologies.

Lu, DD-C & Agelidis, VG 2009, 'Photovoltaic-Battery-Powered DC Bus System for Common Portable Electronic Devices', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 849-855.
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Lu, DD-C, Iu, HH-C & Pjevalica, V 2009, 'Single-Stage AC/DC Boost–Forward Converter With High Power Factor and Regulated Bus and Output Voltages', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 2128-2132.
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Lu, H, Zhu, J, Lin, Z & Guo, Y 2009, 'An inchworm mobile robot using electromagnetic linear actuator', Mechatronics, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1116-1125.
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The capability of motion is one of the important aspects for a micro-robot to fulfill its given tasks. Micro-autonomous systems usually require large force, large displacement and less power consumption. Among different actuation schemes, electromagnetic actuator shows the benefit in a combination of force, displacement and cost effective control. A bristle-based inchworm mobile robot using a short stroke electromagnetic linear actuator is described in the paper. The main body and movable unit of the robot are joined by using a sealed bellows and the bristle legs are designed so that it can operate both on plane surfaces and in liquid. The actuator designed for the robot is a tubular type linear machine with an overall size of ?7 × 10 mm. The key dimensions of the actuator were determined through magnetic field analysis to achieve optimum force output and necessary travel stroke within the limited space. The predicted actuation force of the actuator is 20 mN and the stroke length is 1.2 mm. Two working prototypes of the actuator were constructed and the performance tests show the effectiveness of the design. A sensorless control scheme with a novel start-up strategy for the designed actuator was developed based on the robotic system modeling and the analyzed results show the satisfactory performance of the system.

Lu, J, Bai, C & Zhang, G 2009, 'Cost-benefit factor analysis in e-services using bayesian networks', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 4617-4625.
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This study applies Bayesian network techniques to analyze and verify the relationships among cost factors and benefit factors in e-service systems. This study first establishes a Bayesian network for e-service cost-benefit factor relationships based on our previous study [Lu, J. & Zhang, G. Q (2003). Cost benefit factor analysis in e-services. International Journal of Service Industry Management (IJSIM), 14(5), 570-5951. It then calculates conditional probability distributions among these factors shown in the Bayesian network. Finally it runs a junction-tree algorithm to conduct inference for verifying these cost-benefit factor relationships, and the data collected through a survey is as evidences in the inference process. Through the above application of Bayesian network techniques a set of useful findings is obtained for the costs involved in e-service developments against the benefits received by adopting these e-service systems. The case of 'increased investments in maintaining e-services' would significantly contribute to 'enhancing perceived company image', and the case of 'increased investments in security of e-service systems' would bring high benefits in 'building customer relationships' and 'improving cooperation between companies'. These findings have great potential to improve the strategic planning of businesses by determining more effective investments items and adopting more suitable development activities in e-service systems and applications.

Lu, J, Zhu, Y, Zeng, X, Koehl, L, Ma, J & Zhang, G 2009, 'A linguistic multi-criteria group decision support system for fabric hand evaluation', FUZZY OPTIMIZATION AND DECISION MAKING, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 395-413.
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Fabric hand evaluation (FHE) is the main measure in textile material selection for fashion design and development. Fabric hand evaluation requires considering multiple evaluation aspects/criteria by a group of evaluators. Some fabric features can also be measured using instruments. The evaluation often uses linguistic terms in the weights of criteria, and the weights and judgments of evaluators. To support a FHE-based material selection, this study first develops a fabric hand-based textile material evaluation model. It then proposes a human-machine measure integrated fuzzy multi-criteria group decision-making method. A software tool is also developed, which implements the proposed method and is applied in fabric hand-based textile material evaluation.

LU, S, ZHANG, J & FENG, DD 2009, 'DETECTING GHOST AND LEFT OBJECTS IN SURVEILLANCE VIDEO', International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 23, no. 07, pp. 1503-1525.
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This paper proposes an efficient method for detecting ghost and left objects in surveillance video, which, if not identified, may lead to errors or wasted computational power in background modeling and object tracking in video surveillance systems. This method contains two main steps: the first one is to detect stationary objects, which narrows down the evaluation targets to a very small number of regions in the input image; the second step is to discriminate the candidates between ghost and left objects. For the first step, we introduce a novel stationary object detection method based on continuous object tracking and shape matching. For the second step, we propose a fast and robust inpainting method to differentiate between ghost and left objects by reconstructing the real background using the candidate's corresponding regions in the current input and background image. The effectiveness of our method has been validated by experiments over a variety of video sequences and comparisons with existing state-of-art methods.

Luo, L, Zhang, JA & Shi, Z 2009, 'Advanced Receiver Design for Quadrature OFDMA Systems', EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2009, no. 1, pp. 10-10.
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Luo, Q & Tong, L 2009, 'Analytical solutions for nonlinear analysis of composite single-lap adhesive joints', International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 144-154.
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Luo, Q & Tong, L 2009, 'Constitutive equations for 0-3 polarized PLZT actuators', International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 46, no. 25-26, pp. 4313-4321.
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Luo, Q & Tong, L 2009, 'Energy release rates for interlaminar delamination in laminates considering transverse shear effects', Composite Structures, vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 235-244.
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Luo, Y, Kang, Z, Luo, Z & Li, A 2009, 'Continuum topology optimization with non-probabilistic reliability constraints based on multi-ellipsoid convex model', Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 297-310.
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Using a quantified measure for non-probab ilistic reliability based on the multi-ellipsoid convex model, the topology optimization of continuum structures in presence of uncertain-but-bounded parameters is investigated. The problem is formulated as a dou

Luo, Z, Tong, L & Kang, Z 2009, 'A level set method for structural shape and topology optimization using radial basis functions', Computers & Structures, vol. 87, no. 7-8, pp. 425-434.
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This paper presents an alternative level set method for shape and topology optimization of continuum structures. An implicit free boundary representation model is established by embedding structural boundary into the zero level set of a higher-dimensiona

Luo, Z, Tong, L & Ma, H 2009, 'Shape and topology optimization for electrothermomechanical microactuators using level set methods', Journal of Computational Physics, vol. 228, no. 9, pp. 3173-3181.
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In this short note, a shape and topology optimization method is presented for multiphysics actuators including geometrically nonlinear modeling based on an implicit free boundary parameterization method. A level set model is established to describe struc

Luo, Z, Tong, L, Luo, J, Wei, P & Wang, MY 2009, 'Design of piezoelectric actuators using a multiphase level set method of piecewise constants', Journal of Computational Physics, vol. 228, no. 7, pp. 2643-2659.
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This paper presents a multiphase level set method of piecewise constants for shape and topology optimization of multi-material piezoelectric actuators with in-plane motion. First, an indicator function which takes level sets of piecewise constants is use

Ma, J, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2009, 'Information inconsistencies detection using a rule-map technique', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 12510-12519.
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Timely detecting information inconsistencies (anomalies) in real-time information provides strong support for decision-making in a dynamic decision-making situation. Existing techniques for information inconsistencies detection mainly focus on stored information by using a single structured-fixed descriptive model which always requires support from sufficient prior knowledge. The aim of this study is to develop a method for information inconsistencies detection for real-time information in dynamic decision-making situation where prior knowledge is insufficient by using multiple descriptive models. First, a rule-map technique is presented. A rule-map is a hierarchical directed graph, whose vertexes are selected descriptive models and whose arcs represent the covering relationship between descriptive models. A rule-map provides a strategy for selecting detecting descriptive models by means of the covering relationship and its structure is adjustable with the change in a situation. Then, a real-time information inconsistencies detection method, named RMDID, is developed based on the rule-map technique, which can take full advantage of multiple descriptive models. Finally, the proposed RMDID method is tested through two real cases. Experiments indicate that the proposed rule-map technique can trace the changes of a dynamic decision-making situation and the developed RMDID method can efficiently detect potential anomalies in real-time information.

Mahmoud, A, Shendi, M, Pradhan, B & Attia, F 2009, 'Utilization of remote sensing data and GIS tools for and use sustainability analysis: case study in El-Hammam area, Egypt', Open Geosciences, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 347-367.
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Abstract The North-Western Coast of Egypt (NWCE) represents one of the high priority regions for future development in the country. El-Hammam area is located in the NWCE with an area of 94752 acres and is one of the main challenging regions for sustaianble development. In this study, we have used remote sensing and soil data in combination with GIS tools, for land use sustainable analysis (SLU) in El-Hammam area. The SLU was established based on various factors such as: land capability and suitability, water resources availability, economic return from water and financial return from land and water. A physiographic soil map for the study area was prepared using remote sensing and GIS. Multiple field surveys were carried out for collecting information on various soil map units (SMUs) and their profiles. Laboratory analysis for the collected samples was performed, and then the soil properties were stored as attributes in a geographical soil database linked with the SMUs. Furthermore, land capability assessment was done to define the suitable areas for agricultural production using a capability model built in ALES software. Results indicate that the area currently lacks high capability and moderate capability classes. By improving the soil properties, the soil can attain potential capability; and 55630 acres will become marginally capable. The assessment of soil physical suitability for different land use types (LUTs) were analysed in ALES software, in order to generate the most suitable areas. The results from the land suitability analysis indicated that, 17114 acres are moderately suitable for wheat and sorghum; whereas 15823 acres are moderately suitable for barley and 12752 acres are moderately suitable for maize, olive and figs. Finally, the SLU was investigated based on two scenarios; (1) the most SLU under the conditions of shortage of irrigation water: clover, barley and sorghum against figs, as the irrigation ...

Mahmud, A, Setiawan, I, Mansor, S, Shariff, A, Pradhan, B & Nuruddin, A 2009, 'Utilization of geoinformation tools for the development of forest fire hazard mapping system: example of Pekan fire, Malaysia', Open Geosciences, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 456-462.
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Abstract A study in modeling fire hazard assessment will be essential in establishing an effective forest fire management system especially in controlling and preventing peat fire. In this paper, we have used geographic information system (GIS), in combination with other geoinformation technologies such as remote sensing and computer modeling, for all aspects of wild land fire management. Identifying areas that have a high probability of burning is an important component of fire management planning. The development of spatially explicit GIS models has greatly facilitated this process by allowing managers to map and analyze variables contributing to fire occurrence across large, unique geographic units. Using the model and its associated software engine, the fire hazard map was produced. Extensive avenue programming scripts were written to provide additional capabilities in the development of these interfaces to meet the full complement of operational software considering various users requirements. The system developed not only possesses user friendly step by step operations to deliver the fire vulnerability mapping but also allows authorized users to edit, add or modify parameters whenever necessary. Results from the model can support fire hazard mapping in the forest and enhance alert system function by simulating and visualizing forest fire and helps for contingency planning.

Mak, BK-W, Tsz-Chung Lai, Tsang, IW & Kwok, JT-Y 2009, 'Maximum Penalized Likelihood Kernel Regression for Fast Adaptation', IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 1372-1381.
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This paper proposes a nonlinear generalization of the popular maximum-likelihood linear regression (MLLR) adaptation algorithm using kernel methods. The proposed method, called maximum penalized likelihood kernel regression adaptation (MPLKR), applies kernel regression with appropriate regularization to determine the affine model transform in a kernel-induced high-dimensional feature space. Although this is not the first attempt of applying kernel methods to conventional linear adaptation algorithms, unlike most of other kernelized adaptation methods such as kernel eigenvoice or kernel eigen-MLLR, MPLKR has the advantage that it is a convex optimization and its solution is always guaranteed to be globally optimal. In fact, the adapted Gaussian means can be obtained analytically by simply solving a system of linear equations. From the Bayesian perspective, MPLKR can also be considered as the kernel version of maximum a posteriori linear regression (MAPLR) adaptation. Supervised and unsupervised speaker adaptation using MPLKR were evaluated on the Resource Management and Wall Street Journal 5K tasks, respectively, achieving a word error rate reduction of 23.6% and 15.5% respectively over the speaker-independently model.

Martelli, C, Canning, J, Reimers, JR, Sintic, M, Stocks, D, Khoury, T & Crossley, MJ 2009, 'Evanescent-Field Spectroscopy using Structured Optical Fibers: Detection of Charge-Transfer at the Porphyrin-Silica Interface', JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 131, no. 8, pp. 2925-2933.
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The fabrication of porphyrin thin films derived from dichloro[5,10,15,20-tetra(heptyl)porphyrinato]tin(IV) [Cl-Sn(THP)-Cl] in the holes of photonic crystal fibers over 90 cm in length is described. Evanescent field spectroscopy (EFS) is used to investigate the interfacial properties of the films, with the high surface optical intensity and the long path length combining to produce significant absorption. By comparison with results obtained for similar films formed from Cl-Sn(THP)-Cl inside fused-silica cuvettes and on glass slides, the film is shown to be chemisorbed as a surface Si-O-Sn(THP)-X (X = Cl or OH) species. In addition to the usual porphyrin Q and Soret bands, new absorptions in the in-fiber films are observed by EFS at 445 nm and between 660-930 nm. The 660-930 nm band is interpreted as a porphyrin to silicon charge-transfer transition and postulated to arise following chemisorption at mechanical-strain induced defect sites on the silica surface. Such defect sites are caused by the optical fiber production process and are less prevalent on other glass surfaces. EFS within optical fibers therefore offers new ways for understanding interface phenomena such as surface adsorbates on glass. Such understanding will benefit all devices that exploit interface phenomena, both in optical fibers and other integrated waveguide forms. They may be directly exploited to create ultrasensitive molecular detectors and could yield novel photonic devices.

Mashaqbeh, OA & McLaughlan, RG 2009, 'Hydraulics stability of compost-based filtration media', International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 46-46.
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The longevity of compost-based storm water filtration systems has not been widely studied. Hydraulic conductivity measurements of compost amended sand media (20% and 50% v/v) within columns were undertaken. The results show that the filtration media in both columns had a reduction in the total saturated hydraulic conductivity. A tracer test showed there was no blockage due to biological or chemical fouling of the compost-sand (20% v/v) media. Particle size distributions results for the compost-sand (50% v/v) media suggest that there was minor degradation of compost particles. It appears gas production causing physical blockage was the most likely cause of the decline. It is recommended that compost filters are not run continuously but have drying periods which would allow any gas build-up to escape.

Masiero, B & Qiu, X 2009, 'Two Listeners Crosstalk Cancellation System Modelled by Four Point Sources and Two Rigid Spheres', Acta Acustica united with Acustica, vol. 95, no. 2, pp. 379-385.
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Matekovits, L, Heimlich, M & Esselle, KP 2009, 'TUNABLE PERIODIC MICROSTRIP STRUCTURE ON GAAS WAFER', Progress In Electromagnetics Research, vol. 97, pp. 1-10.
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Mazalek, A & Van Den Hoven, E 2009, 'Framing tangible interaction frameworks', AI EDAM-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN ANALYSIS AND MANUFACTURING, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 225-235.
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Tangible interaction is a growing area of human-computer interaction research that has become popular in recent years. Yet designers and researchers are still trying to comprehend and clarify its nature, characteristics, and implications. One approach has been to create frameworks that help us look back at and categorize past tangible interaction systems, and look forward at the possibilities and opportunities for developing new systems. To date, a number of different frameworks have been proposed that each provide different perspectives on the tangible interaction design space, and which can guide designers of new systems in different ways. In this paper, we map the space of tangible interaction frameworks.We order existing frameworks by their general type, and by the facets of tangible interaction design they address. One of our main conclusions is that most frameworks focus predominantly on the conceptual design of tangible systems, whereas fewer frameworks abstract the knowledge gained from previous systems, and hardly any framework provides concrete steps or tools for building new tangible systems. In addition, the facets most represented in existing frameworks are those that address the interactions with or the physicality of the designed systems. Other facets, such as domain-specific technology and experience, are rare. This focus on design, interaction, and physicality is interesting, as the origins of the field are rooted in engineering methods and have only recently started to incorporate more design-inspired approaches. As such, we expected more frameworks to focus on technologies and to provide concrete building suggestions for new tangible interaction systems.

McGregor, C & Maeder, A 2009, 'eHealth and services computing in healthcare', Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, vol. 4, no. 2.

McLaughlan, RG & Al-Mashaqbeh, O 2009, 'Effect of media type and particle size on dissolved organic carbon release from woody filtration media', Bioresource Technology, vol. 100, no. 2, pp. 1020-1023.
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Sequential batch leaching tests were used to evaluate the mass of DOC released from composted garden organics (yard waste), pine and hardwood under pseudo-equilibrium conditions. All media showed an initial rapid decline in DOC values followed by a slower rate during later time periods. Greater than 50% of the DOC leached occurred within the initial time period (<24 h). The mass of DOC leached varied significantly between the materials and to a lesser degree between different particle size ranges. The pine had the lowest leached DOC fraction (2.84.8 mg/g), while the hardwood (2127 mg/g) and compost (13.632.7 mg/g) were significantly greater. The type and processing of the woody material incorporated into these systems can have a significant impact on the treated stormwater.

McLaughlan, RG & Al-Mashaqbeh, O 2009, 'Simple models for the release kinetics of dissolved organic carbon from woody filtration media', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 100, no. 9, pp. 2588-2593.
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The mechanisms and kinetics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release from woody materials (pine, hardwood and compost) under non-equilibrium leaching conditions was examined through batch and column tests. Mechanistically based kinetic models (first and second order) had a low predictive power for DOC release compared to those based solely on regression (Elovitch, power law). The DOC release data showed a bi-phasic response, with an early period of rapid release (<24 h) controlled by film diffusion followed by a slower rate controlled by intra-particle diffusion. After flow interruption, DOC release was primarily controlled by intra-particle diffusion; however, the specific rate parameters generally varied with each flow cycle and between different wood types.

Medelyan, O, Milne, D, Legg, C & Witten, IH 2009, 'Mining meaning from Wikipedia', International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 67, no. 9, pp. 716-754.
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Mehendale, SS, Kilari Bams, AS, Deshmukh, CS, Dhorepatil, BS, Nimbargi, VN & Joshi, SR 2009, 'Oxidative stress-mediated essential polyunsaturated fatty acid alterations in female infertility', Human Fertility, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 28-33.
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Meresman, H, Wills, JB, Summers, M, McGloin, D & Reid, JP 2009, 'Manipulation and characterisation of accumulation and coarse mode aerosol particles using a Bessel beam trap', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 11, no. 47, pp. 11333-11333.
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MERIGO, J & GILLAFUENTE, A 2009, 'The induced generalized OWA operator', Information Sciences, vol. 179, no. 6, pp. 729-741.
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Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2009, 'Geometric operators in decision making with minimization of regret', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 39, pp. 514-521.
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We study different types of aggregation operators and the decision making process with minimization of regret. We analyze the original work developed by Savage and the recent work developed by Yager that generalizes the MMR method creating a parameterized family of minimal regret methods by using the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator. We suggest a new method that uses different types of geometric operators such as the weighted geometric mean or the ordered weighted geometric operator (OWG) to generalize the MMR method obtaining a new parameterized family of minimal regret methods. The main result obtained in this method is that it allows to aggregate negative numbers in the OWG operator. Finally, we give an illustrative example.

Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2009, 'Induced aggregation operators in decision making with the Dempster-Shafer belief structure', International Journal of Intelligent Systems, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 934-954.
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Merigó, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2009, 'OWA operators in generalized distances', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 33, pp. 866-873.
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Different types of aggregation operators such as the ordered weighted quasi-arithmetic mean (Quasi-OWA) operator and the normalized Hamming distance are studied. We introduce the use of the OWA operator in generalized distances such as the quasiarithmetic distance. We will call these new distance aggregation the ordered weighted quasi-arithmetic distance (Quasi-OWAD) operator. We develop a general overview of this type of generalization and study some of their main properties such as the distinction between descending and ascending orders. We also consider different families of Quasi-OWAD operators such as the Minkowski ordered weighted averaging distance (MOWAD) operator, the ordered weighted averaging distance (OWAD) operator, the Euclidean ordered weighted averaging distance (EOWAD) operator, the normalized quasi-arithmetic distance, etc.

Middelberg, A, Zhang, J & Xia, X 2009, 'An optimal control model for load shifting – With application in the energy management of a colliery', Applied Energy, vol. 86, no. 7-8, pp. 1266-1273.
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Miles, REH, Guillon, M, Mitchem, L, McGloin, D & Reid, JP 2009, 'The influence of resonant absorption and heating on the equilibrium size of aqueous-solute aerosol droplets', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 11, no. 33, pp. 7312-7312.
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Min, H & Qiu, X 2009, 'Multiple acoustic diffraction around rigid parallel wide barriers', The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 126, no. 1, pp. 179-186.
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Mironov, V, Zhang, J, Gentile, C, Brakke, K, Trusk, T, Jakab, K, Forgacs, G, Kasyanov, V, Visconti, RP & Markwald, RR 2009, 'Designer ‘blueprint’ for vascular trees: morphology evolution of vascular tissue constructs', Virtual and Physical Prototyping, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 63-74.
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Organ printing is a variant of the biomedical application of rapid prototyping technology or layer-by-layer additive biofabrication of 3D tissue and organ constructs using self-assembled tissue spheroids as building blocks. Bioengineering of perfusable intraorgan branched vascular trees incorporated into 3D tissue constructs is essential for the survival of bioprinted thick 3D tissues and organs. In order to design the optimal 'blueprint' for digital bioprinting of intraorgan branched vascular trees, the coefficients of tissue retraction associated with post-printing vascular tissue spheroid fusion and remodelling must be determined and incorporated into the original CAD. Using living tissue spheroids assembled into ring-like and tube-like vascular tissue constructs, the coefficient of tissue retraction has been experimentally evaluated. It has been shown that the internal diameter of ring-like and the height of tubular-like tissue constructs are significantly reduced during tissue spheroid fusion. During the tissue fusion process, the individual tissue spheroids also change their shape from ball-like to a conus-like form. A simple formula for the calculation of the necessary number of tissue spheroids for biofabrication of ring-like structures of desirable diameter has been deduced. These data provide sufficient information to design optimal CAD for bioprinted branched vascular trees of desirable final geometry and size.

Mo, T, Wang, Z, Xu, X & Wang, X 2009, 'A Virtualization-Based Service System Development Method', Journal of Service Science and Management, vol. 02, no. 01, pp. 1-9.
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Mousavi, SR, Pirasteh, S & Amani, A 2009, 'Landslides and Active Faults Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Central Alborz Mountains, Iran', DISASTER ADVANCES, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 24-29.

Mullard, JA & Stewart, MG 2009, 'Stochastic Assessment of Timing and Efficiency of Maintenance for Corroding RC Structures', Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 135, no. 8, pp. 887-895.
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Reinforced concrete (RC) structures in a chloride environment are exposed to a particularly aggressive form of deterioration. Managing the maintenance and repair of structures subjected to these conditions is an important issue facing asset owners and operators. In the present paper, the criterion for repair is the extent of corrosion induced cracking. Common maintenance criteria and maintenance techniques are described and these are incorporated into a two-dimensional spatial time-dependent reliability model. This allows the number, timing, and extent of maintenance actions to be predicted over the service life of RC structures. The analysis includes the effect of inspection interval, maintenance technique, repair efficiency, and repair threshold. Results are presented for a typical RC bridge deck subject to a corrosive marine environment. It was found that repair efficiency affecting time to corrosion initiation of repaired concrete is more critical to the performance of the repair than the repair efficiency that affected corrosion rate. © 2009 ASCE.

Nagalakshmi, MR, Tripathi, M, Shukla, N & Tiwari, MK 2009, 'Vehicle routing problem with stochastic demand (VRPSD): optimisation by neighbourhood search embedded adaptive ant algorithm (ns-AAA)', International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 300-300.
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Taking into account the real world applications, this paper considers a vehicle routing problem with stochastic demand (VRPSD) in which the customer demand has been modelled as a stochastic variable. Considering the computational complexity of the problem and to enhance the algorithm performance, a neighbourhood search embedded adaptive ant algorithm (ns-AAA) is proposed as an improvement to the existing ant colony optimisation. The proposed metaheuristic adapts itself to maintain an adequate balance between exploitation and exploration throughout the run of the algorithm. The performance of the proposed methodology is benchmarked against a set of test instances that were generated using design of experiment (DOE) techniques. Besides, analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed to determine the impact of various factors on the objective function value. The robustness of the proposed algorithm is authenticated against ant colony optimisation and genetic algorithm over which it always demonstrated better results thereby proving its supremacy on the concerned problem.

Nazem, M, Carter, JP, Sheng, D & Sloan, SW 2009, 'Alternative stress-integration schemes for large-deformation problems of solid mechanics', Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 934-943.
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Nejati, M, Javaherian, C, Shokri, B & Jazi, B 2009, 'Erratum: “The single-wall carbon nanotube waveguides and excitation of their σ+π plasmons by an electron beam” [Phys. Plasmas 16, 022108 (2009)]', Physics of Plasmas, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 059901-059901.
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Nejati, M, Javaherian, C, Shokri, B & Jazi, B 2009, 'Response to “Comment on ‘The single-wall carbon nanotube waveguides and excitation of their σ+π plasmons by an electron beam’ ” [Phys. Plasmas 16, 054705 (2009)]', Physics of Plasmas, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 054706-054706.
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Nejati, M, Javaherian, C, Shokri, B & Jazi, B 2009, 'The single-wall carbon nanotube waveguides and excitation of their σ+π plasmons by an electron beam', Physics of Plasmas, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 022108-022108.
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Nghiem, LD & Hawkes, S 2009, 'Effects of membrane fouling on the nanofiltration of trace organic contaminants', Desalination, vol. 236, no. 1-3, pp. 273-281.
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Nghiem, LD, Tadkaew, N & Sivakumar, M 2009, 'Removal of trace organic contaminants by submerged membrane bioreactors', Desalination, vol. 236, no. 1-3, pp. 127-134.
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Ngo, H-H & Guo, W 2009, 'Membrane fouling control and enhanced phosphorus removal in an aerated submerged membrane bioreactor using modified green bioflocculant', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 100, no. 18, pp. 4289-4291.
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This study aims at developing a modified green bioflocculant (GBF) for membrane fouling control and enhanced phosphorus removal in a conventional aerated submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) to treat a high strength domestic wastewater (primary sewage treated effluent) for reuse. The GBF was evaluated based on long-term operation of a lab-scale SMBR. These results showed that SMBR system could achieve nearly zero membrane fouling at a very low dose of GBF addition (500 mg/day) with less backwash frequency (2 times/day with 2-min duration). The transmembrane pressure only increased by 2.5 kPa after 70 days of operation. The SMBR could also remove more than 95% and 99.5% dissolved organic carbon and total phosphorus, respectively. From the respiration tests, it was evident that GBF not only had no negative impact on biomass but also led to high oxygen uptake rate (OUR) (>30 mg O2/L h) and stable specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR). These results also indicated that GBF had no effect on nitrogen removal and nitrification process.

Ngo, HH, Chuang, H, Guo, WS, Ho, DP, Pham, TTN, Johnston, A, Lim, R & Listowski, A 2009, 'Resident's strategy survey on a new end use of recycled water in Australia', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 11, no. 1-3, pp. 93-97.
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The concept of using recycled water for washing machine was introduced as a new end use. As there is a noticeable lack social research in understanding the general public perceptions of this application, the residents strategy survey was carried out at some selective suburbs in Sydney with demographically based signifi cant differences of general, gender, age, education, and property style and ownership. The survey indicates that the majority in the community considers the use of recycled water for washing machine is indispensable in view of continuing drought and the associated water shortages. Given safety assurance and demonstration, recycled water for washing machine has a considerable proportion within the responses. The general level of knowledge in community clearly understand that recycled water is more environmentally friendly option, whereas from cleanness and public health point of view, higher quality water is required to be reused in washing machine. Moreover, the residents reckon to have a small unit for pre-treatment (point of use) before recycled water entering washing machines might assure the quality and safety. The survey also shows the major concerns for a resident to use recycled water for washing machine are public health, water cleanness and washing machine durability.

Nguyen, DHN, Nguyen, HH & Hoang Duong Tuan 2009, 'Power Allocation and Error Performance of Distributed Unitary Space–Time Modulation in Wireless Relay Networks', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 3333-3346.
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A wireless relay network allows relays to cooperate with each other, emulate a virtual array of transmit antennas, and perform distributed space-time modulation of the source signals. In this paper, two types of relay networks are considered-one with no

Nguyen, HB, Daniel-Underwood, L, Van Ginkel, C, Wong, M, Lee, D, Lucas, AS, Palaganas, J, Banta, D, Denmark, TK & Clem, K 2009, 'An educational course including medical simulation for early goal-directed therapy and the severe sepsis resuscitation bundle: An evaluation for medical student training', Resuscitation, vol. 80, no. 6, pp. 674-679.
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Objective: Widespread application of early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) and the severe sepsis resuscitation bundle is limited by clinician knowledge, skills and experience. This study evaluated use of simulation-based teaching during medical training to increase future clinician knowledge in the above therapies for severe sepsis and septic shock. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed with medical students at all levels of training. A 5-h course including didactic lectures, skill workshops, and a simulated case scenario of septic shock were administered to the participants. A checklist including 21 tasks was completed during the patient simulation. An 18-question pre-test, post-test and 2-week post-test were given. The participants completed a survey at the end of the course. Results: Sixty-three students were enrolled. There was statistical difference between the pre-test and each of the post-test scores: 57.5 ± 13.0, 85.6 ± 8.8, and 80.9 ± 10.9%, respectively. 20.6% of participants thought the pre-test was too difficult, whereas all participants thought the post-test was either appropriate or too easy. The task performance during the simulated septic shock patient was 94.1 ± 6.0%. The participants noted improvements in their confidence levels at managing severe sepsis and septic shock, and agreed that the course should be a requirement during medical school training. Conclusions: Medical simulation is an effective method of educating EGDT and the severe sepsis resuscitation bundle to medical students with limited experience in patient care. The results suggest that our course may be of further benefit at increasing clinical experience with this intensive protocol for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Nguyen, HT & Su, SW 2009, 'Conditions for triangular decoupling control', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL, vol. 82, no. 9, pp. 1575-1581.
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Nguyen, TV, Nguyen, TVT, Pham, TL, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH, Kandasamy, J, Nguyen, HK & Nguyen, DT 2009, 'Adsorption and removal of arsenic from water by iron ore mining waste', Water Science and Technology, vol. 60, no. 9, pp. 2301-2308.
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There is a global need to develop low-cost technologies to remove arsenic from water for individual household water supply. In this study, a purified and enriched waste material (treated magnetite waste, TMW) from the Trai Cau's iron ore mine in the Thai Nguyen Province in Vietnam was examined for its capacity to remove arsenic. The treatment system was packed with TMW that consisted of 75% of ferrous-ferric oxide (Fe3O4) and had a large surface area of 89.7 m2/g. The experiments were conducted at a filtration rate of 0.05 m/h to treat groundwater with an arsenic concentration of 380 μg/L and iron, manganese and phosphate concentrations of 2.07 mg/L, 0.093 mg/L and 1.6 mg/L respectively. The batch experimental results show that this new material was able to absorb up to 0.74 mg arsenic/g. The results also indicated that the treatment system removed more than 90% arsenic giving an effluent with an arsenic concentration of less than 30 μg/L while achieving a removal efficiency of about 80% for Mn2 +  and PO43−. This could be a promising and cost-effective new material for capturing arsenic as well as other metals from groundwater.

Nguyen, TV, Rahman, A, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH, Kandasamy, J, Nguyen, DT, Do, TA & Nguyen, TK 2009, 'Arsenic removal by iron oxide coated sponge: treatment and waste management', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 1489-1495.
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One of the problems in drinking water that raises concern over the world is that millions of people still have to use arsenic-contaminated water. There is a worldwide need to develop appropriate technologies to remove arsenic from water for household and community water supply systems. In this study, a new material namely iron oxide coated sponge (IOCSp) was developed and used to remove arsenic (As) from contaminated groundwater in Vietnam. The results indicated that IOCSp has a high capacity in removing both As (V) and As (III). The adsorption capacity of IOCSp was up to 4.6mg As/g IOCSp, showing better than many other materials. It was observed from a pilot study that a small quantity of IOCSp (180 g) could reduce As concentration of 480mg/L in 1.5m3 of contaminated natural water to below 40 mg/L. In addition, an exhausted IOCSp, containing a large amount of arsenic (up to 0.42 wt %) could safely be disposed through the solidification/stabilization with cement. Addition of fly ash also reduced the amount of arsenic in the leachate.

Nguyen, VT, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH, Shon, HK & Kandasamy, J 2009, 'Arsenic removal by a membrane hybrid filtration system', DESALINATION, vol. 236, no. 1-3, pp. 363-369.
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Arsenic is a toxic semi-metallic element that can be fatal to human health. Membrane filtration can remove a number of contaminants from water, including arsenic. Removal of arsenic by membrane filtration is highly dependent on the species of arsenic and the properties of the membrane. The performance of the nanofilter is better for removing As(V) than As(III). About 57% of As(III) and 81% of As(V) was removed from 500 mg/L arsenic solutions by nanofiltration (NTR729HF, Nitto Denko Corp., Japan) of 700 molecular weight (MW) cutoff. The removal efficiency of microfiltration (MF) was much lower than that of nanofiltration (NF) due to its larger pore size. By comparison only 37% of As(III) and 40% of As(V) were removed by microfiltration (PVA membrane, Pure-Envitech, Korea). However, the removal efficiency of microfiltration was increased dramatically when a small amount of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) was added. The removal efficiency by MF increased up to 90% with As(V) and 84% with As(III) when an amount of 0.1 g/L of nZVI was added into the arsenic solution.

Ni, B-J & Yu, H-Q 2009, 'A thermodynamic analysis of the activated sludge process: Application to soybean wastewater treatment in a sequencing batch reactor', AIChE Journal, vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 2737-2745.
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Ni, B-J & Yu, H-Q 2009, 'Modeling and simulation of the formation and utilization of microbial products in aerobic granular sludge', AIChE Journal, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. NA-NA.
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Ni, B-J, Fang, F, Rittmann, BE & Yu, H-Q 2009, 'Modeling Microbial Products in Activated Sludge under Feast−Famine Conditions', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 2489-2497.
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Ni, B-J, Xie, W-M, Liu, S-G, Yu, H-Q, Wang, Y-Z, Gan-Wang & Dai, X-L 2009, 'Modeling and simulation of the sequencing batch reactor at a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant', AIChE Journal, vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 2186-2196.
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Ni, B-J, Xie, W-M, Liu, S-G, Yu, H-Q, Wang, Y-Z, Wang, G & Dai, X-L 2009, 'Granulation of activated sludge in a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of low-strength municipal wastewater', Water Research, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 751-761.
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Ni, B-J, Zeng, RJ, Fang, F, Xu, J, Sheng, G-P & Yu, H-Q 2009, 'A Novel Approach to Evaluate the Production Kinetics of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) by Activated Sludge Using Weighted Nonlinear Least-Squares Analysis', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 3743-3750.
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Nisola, GM, Cho, ES, Shon, HK, Tian, D, Chun, DJ, Gwon, EM & Chung, WJ 2009, 'Cell Immobilized FOG-Trap System for Fat, Oil, and Grease Removal from Restaurant Wastewater', Journal of Environmental Engineering, vol. 135, no. 9, pp. 876-884.
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Cell immobilized lipase-producing bacteria on three different matrices were incorporated in a fat-, oil-, and grease (FOG) trap system for restaurant wastewater treatment. During a 16-day laboratory-scale experiment for the treatment of synthetic FOG wastewater containing soybean oil, no significant difference (two-tailed t test at 95% confidence interval) in the FOG removal between two systems was observed at FOG influent < 1,000 mg/L. However, the typical trap showed lower FOG removal efficiency than the matrix-based system when the influent FOG concentration was increased to >= 5,000 mg/L. In addition, the matrix-based trap system was able to sustain a stable high FOG removal, with < 100 mg/L effluent, even at 10,000 mg/L influent FOG. Based on FOG heights measured and mass balance calculations, 97.4 and 99.5% of the total FOG load for 16 days were removed in a typical trap and matrix-based system, respectively. About 93.6% of the removal in the matrix-based was accounted to biodegradation. The 30-day full-scale operations demonstrated a distinguishably better performance in the matrix-based system (92.7 +/- 9.06% of 1,044.8 +/- 537.27 mg FOG/L) than in the typical trap system (74.6 +/- 27.13% of 463.4 +/- 296.87 mg FOG/L) for the treatment of barbeque restaurant wastewater. Similarly, matrix-based system revealed higher chemical oxygen demand removal (85.9 +/- 11.99%) than the typical trap system (60.4 +/- 31.26%). Characterizations of the influent, emulsified, adsorbed and effluent FOG indicated that straight saturated fatty acids constituted the cause of clogging problems in the FOG-trap and piping system.

Okour, Y, El Saliby, I, Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Kim, J-H, Cho, J & Kim, IS 2009, 'Recovery of sludge produced from Ti-salt flocculation as pretreatment to seawater reverse osmosis', DESALINATION, vol. 247, no. 1-3, pp. 53-63.
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In this study, titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), titanium sulfate (Ti(SO4)2) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) flocculation as a pretreatment to seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) were investigated. Their ability to remove turbidity, seawater organic matter (SWOM) and controlling the feed water quality of SWRO was evaluated. Flux decline of SWRO and membrane autopsy were studied. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) produced from sludge after Ti-salt fl occulation was characterized in terms of particle structure and photocatalytic activity. A hybrid system of fl occulation followed by granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration was employed to remove the suspended micro-flocs after diff erent fl occulations. The optimum dose of 10 mg/L TiCl4 and FeCl3 were used. The turbidity removal for the three coagulants was marginal at different doses at pH 6 and 8. Flocculation followed by GAC fi ltration signifi cantly reduced the turbidity values from 1.5 NTU to about 0.35 NTU using TiCl4 and 0.40 using FeCl3. Silt density index (SDI15) was also decreased from 5.0 to 4.2 and 4.7, respectively. Removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), colour and UV absorbance after TiCl4 and FeCl3 flocculation followed by GAC fi ltration was found to be eff ective and similar. TiO2 produced from sludge showed very high photocatalytic activity under UV-irradiation. Acetaldehyde was completely removed after 45 min photocatalytic reaction

Okour, Y, Shon, HK & El Saliby, I 2009, 'Characterisation of titanium tetrachloride and titanium sulfate flocculation in wastewater treatment', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 2463-2473.
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Flocculation with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and titanium sulfate (Ti(SO4)2) was investigated in terms of different coagulant doses, pH, turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV-254, colour, zeta potential, particle size and molecular weight distribution. The two coagulants were compared with the commonly used coagulants such as ferric chloride (FeCl3) and aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3). Titanium tetrachloride showed the highest turbidity removal, while titanium sulfate showed the highest reduction of UV-254 and colour at all pH values. The four coagulants were found to have similar organic removal up to 6067% and resulted in similar organic removal in terms of various MW ranges. The decantability of the settled flocs was very high for titanium tetrachloride, titanium sulfate and ferric chloride compared with aluminium sulfate. The dominating coagulation mechanisms for titanium tetrachloride and titanium sulfate are still to be studied, since different precipitation reactions might take place at different pH even without flocculant addition. Titanium tetrachloride and titanium sulfate were found as effective new coagulants in wastewater treatment not only in terms of organic matter removal, but also in sludge reduction through the production of titanium dioxide.

Oliveira, DAF, Indraratna, B & Nemcik, J 2009, 'Critical review on shear strength models for soil-infilled joints', Geomechanics and Geoengineering, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 237-244.
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An infilled rock joint is likely to be the weakest plane in a rock mass. The presence of infill material within the joint significantly reduces the friction of the discontinuity boundaries (i.e. rock to rock contact of the joint walls). The thicker the infill, the smaller the shear strength of the rock joint. Once the infill reaches a critical thickness, the infill material governs the overall shear strength, and the joint walls (rock) play no significant role. Several models have been proposed to predict the peak shear strength of soil-infilled joints under both constant normal load (CNL) and constant normal stiffness (CNS) boundary conditions, taking into account the ratio of infill thickness (t) to the height of the joint wall asperity (a). CNS models provide a more realistic picture of the soil-infilled joint behaviour in the field. This paper presents a critical review on the existing mathematical models for predicting the shear strength of soil-infilled rock joint and verifies the normalised peak shear stress model with further laboratory investigations carried out on idealised saw-tooth rock joints at the University of Wollongong. Based on the prediction of the experimental data, the normalised peak shear stress model is slightly modified by the authors. A simplified approach for using this model in practice is presented and a new expression for prediction of dilatation at peak shear stress is suggested.

Ono, M, Yamada, K, Endo, A, Avolio, F & Lamond, AI 2009, 'Analysis of Human Protein Replacement Stable Cell Lines Established using snoMEN-PR Vector', PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. e62305-e62305.
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RNA-mediated gene silencing, in the form of RNA interference (RNAi) or microRNAs (miRNAs) has provided novel tools for gene discovery and validation in mammalian cells. Here, we report on the construction and application of a random small RNA expression library for use in identifying small interfering RNA (siRNA) effectors that can modify complex cellular phenotypes in mammalian cells. The library is based in a retroviral vector and uses convergent promoters to produce unique small complementary RNAs. Using this library, we identify a range of small RNA-encoding gene inserts that overcome resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)- or tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a)- induced cell death in colorectal cancer cells. We demonstrate the utility of this technology platform by identifying a key RNA effector, in the form of a siRNA, which overcomes cell death induced by the chemotherapeutic 5-FU. The technology described has the potential to identify both functional RNA modulators capable of altering physiological systems and the cellular target genes altered by these modulators.

Ou, Y, Cao, L & Zhang, C 2009, 'Adaptive Anomaly Detection of Coupled Activity Sequences', The IEEE Intelligent Informatics Bulletin, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 12-16.
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Many real-life applications often involve multiple sequences, which are coupled with each other. It is unreasonable to either study the multiple coupled sequences separately or simply merge them into one sequence, because the information about their interacting relationships would be lost. Furthermore, such coupled sequences also have frequently significant changes which are likely to degrade the performance of trained model. Taking the detection of abnormal trading activity patterns in stock markets as an example, this paper proposes a Hidden Markov Model-based approach to address the above two issues. Our approach is suitable for sequence analysis on multiple coupled sequences and can adapt to the significant sequence changes automatically. Substantial experiments conducted on a real dataset show that our approach is effective.

Pasha, SA, Vo, B-N, Tuan, HD & Ma, W-K 2009, 'A Gaussian Mixture PHD Filter for Jump Markov System Models', IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 919-936.
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The probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter is an attractive approach to tracking an unknown and time-varying number of targets in the presence of data association uncertainty, clutter, noise, and detection uncertainty. The PHD filter admits a closed-form solution for a linear Gaussian multi-target model. However, this model is not general enough to accommodate maneuvering targets that switch between several models. In this paper, we generalize the notion of linear jump Markov systems to the multiple target case to accommodate births, deaths, and switching dynamics. We then derive a closed-form solution to the PHD recursion for the proposed linear Gaussian jump Markov multi-target model. Based on this an efficient method for tracking multiple maneuvering targets that switch between a set of linear Gaussian models is developed. An analytic implementation of the PHD filter using statistical linear regression technique is also proposed for targets that switch between a set of nonlinear models. We demonstrate through simulations that the proposed PHD filters are effective in tracking multiple maneuvering targets.

Pathak, N, Nanda, P & Mahanti, GK 2009, 'Synthesis of Thinned Multiple Concentric Circular Ring Array Antennas using Particle Swarm Optimization', Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 709-716.
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In this paper, we propose an optimization method based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for thinning a large multiple concentric circular ring array of uniformly excited isotropic antennas and generate a pencil beam in the vertical plane with minimum relative side lobe level (SLL). The half-power beam width of the pattern is attempted to make equal to that of a fully populated array of same size and shape. The synthesis is performed with a standard particle swarm optimization technique as well as with an improved version of standard PSO. Simulation results of the proposed thinned array are compared with a fully populated array to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Paul, G, Liu, D, Kirchner, N & Dissanayake, G 2009, 'An Effective Exploration Approach to Simultaneous Mapping and Surface Material-Type Identification of Complex Three-Dimensional Environments', JOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS, vol. 26, no. 11-12, pp. 915-933.
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This paper presents an integrated exploration approach for geometric mapping and surface material-type identification of complex three-dimensional (3D) environments using a six-degree-of-freedom industrial robot manipulator. Maps of the surface geometry with the surface material type identified are required for an autonomous robotic system to perform operations in steel bridge maintenance. The proposed approach utilizes information theory to enable multiobjective exploration while new 3D geometric and surface-type data are fused via probabilistic updates. It is verified that the integrated approach enables the robotic system to perform exploration and surface inspection in real-world environments.

Pawade, RS, Sonawane, HA & Joshi, SS 2009, 'An analytical model to predict specific shear energy in high-speed turning of Inconel 718', International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, vol. 49, no. 12-13, pp. 979-990.
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Pedraza, L, Rodriguez-Losada, D, Matia, F, Dissanayake, G & Valls Miro, J 2009, 'Extending the Limits of Feature-Based SLAM With B-Splines', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 353-366.
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This paper describes a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm for use in unstructured environments that is effective regardless of the geometric complexity of the environment. Features are described using B-splines as modeling tool, and the set of control points defining their shape is used to form a complete and compact description of the environment, thus making it feasible to use an extended Kalman-filter (EKF) based SLAM algorithm. This method is the first known EKF-SLAM implementation capable of describing general free-form features in a parametric manner. Efficient strategies for computing the relevant Jacobians, perform data association, initialization, and map enlargement are presented. The algorithms are evaluated for accuracy and consistency using computer simulations, and for effectiveness using experimental data gathered from different real environments.

Pedroso, DM, Sheng, D & Zhao, J 2009, 'The concept of reference curves for constitutive modelling in soil mechanics', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 36, no. 1-2, pp. 149-165.
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Peng Jin & Ziolkowski, RW 2009, 'Low-Q, Electrically Small, Efficient Near-Field Resonant Parasitic Antennas', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 57, no. 9, pp. 2548-2563.
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Percival, J, Catley, C, McGregor, C & James, A 2009, 'A Design for Modelling the Impact of Information and Communication Technologies on Patient Journeys in Neonatal Intensive Care Units', Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 189, pp. 147-169.
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This paper presents the conceptual model of a survey and knowledge translation methodology to enable the assessment of the implementation of technology in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in order to determine the impact of information technology (IT) on information flows and patient care. Survey data, will be completed by healthcare practitioners from multiple roles, for various patient care scenarios, levels of care, and hospitals, and will then be translated using a structured data modelling approach into patient journey models. The data model is defined such that users can develop queries to generate patient journey models based on a pre-defined Patient Journey Model Architecture (PaJMa). PaJMa models will then be analyzed to build a visual representation of information flows and the use of IT in the NICU. The models will offer a sophisticated view of health informatics usage, providing not only details of what IT solutions a hospital utilizes, but also the impact that the IT solutions have when integrated into the patient journey, how they support the patient information flow, and why they improve the patient journey. © 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Petzelt, D, Schallow, J, Deuse, J & Ferstl, H 2009, 'Produktionsgerechte Produkte durch technische Mitgestaltung aus der Produktionsplanung', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 104, no. 11, pp. 988-992.
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Kurzfassung Produzierende Unternehmen müssen sich auf wettbewerbsorientierten Märkten behaupten, die sich durch eine starke Preiskonkurrenz sowie kurze Produktlebenszyklen auszeichnen. Um die eigene Marktposition zu festigen oder vielmehr zu verbessern, müssen Produktions-, Konstruktions- sowie Planungsprozesse optimal aufeinander abgestimmt sein. Die Feature-Technologie bietet in diesem Zusammenhang neue Möglichkeiten, um die Prozesse der Produktentstehung und den Informationsfluss zwischen den beteiligten Planungsbereichen zu verbessern. Die Feature-Technologie wird hierbei genutzt, um die individuellen und spezifischen Anforderungen, die sich in den verschiedenen Bereichen der Produktionsplanung an das Produkt ergeben, in standardisierter Form zu dokumentieren und an die Konstruktion zu übertragen. Auf diese Weise können Produktänderungen gezielt und mit allen Planern abgestimmt durchgeführt werden. Folglich lassen sich aufwändige Iterationsschleifen zwischen Konstruktion und Planung vermeiden.

Pezzaniti, D, Beecham, S & Kandasamy, J 2009, 'Influence of clogging on the effective life of permeable pavements', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management, vol. 162, no. 3, pp. 211-220.
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This paper investigates the ‘effective life’ (or useful lifespan) of permeable pavement installations subject to sediment loadings. The broad aims of this study, which included both laboratory and field work components, were to improve understanding of the long-term pavement hydraulic conductivity, to assess the effective life of permeable pavements and to quantify the degree of sediment trapping and associated pollutant retention. Three types of permeable pavement were investigated. For each type the effects of pavement cleaning were also investigated. Over a simulated 35 years of sediment loading conducted in the laboratory, the results showed reductions of 59–75% in hydraulic conductivity with an average sediment retention of 94%. Suspended sediment concentrations measured at the outflow of the laboratory test beds did not show any significant difference between pavers that were subjected to cleaning and those that were not. For the field studies presented in this paper, hydraulic conductivities were very high in locations where permeable pavements are subjected to small to moderate sediment loads. At other locations with high coarse sediment and organic sediment loads, hydraulic conductivity tests indicated that clogging occurred at a rapid rate, particularly where runoff flowing onto the pavement was concentrated.

Pham, TD, Brandl, M & Beck, D 2009, 'Fuzzy declustering-based vector quantization', Pattern Recognition, vol. 42, no. 11, pp. 2570-2577.
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Vector quantization is a useful approach for multi-dimensional data compression and pattern classification. One of the most popular techniques for vector quantization design is the LBG (Linde, Buzo, Gray) algorithm. To address the problem of producing poor estimate of vector centroids which are subjected to biased data in vector quantization; we propose a fuzzy declustering strategy for the LBG algorithm. The proposed technique calculates appropriate declustering weights to adjust the global data distribution. Using the result of fuzzy declustering-based vector quantization design, we incorporate the notion of fuzzy partition entropy into the distortion measures that can be useful for classification of spectral features. Experimental results obtained from simulated and real data sets demonstrate the effective performance of the proposed approach. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Phat, VN & Ha, QP 2009, 'H-infinity Control and Exponential Stability of Nonlinear Nonautonomous Systems with Time-Varying Delay', JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS, vol. 142, no. 3, pp. 603-618.
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This paper addresses the design of H ? state feedback controllers for a class of nonlinear time-varying delay systems. The interesting features here are that the system in consideration is nonautonomous with fast-varying delays, the delay is also involved in the observation output, and the controllers to be designed satisfy some exponential stability constraints on the closed-loop poles. By using the proposed Lyapunov functional approach, neither a controllability assumption nor a bound restriction on nonlinear perturbations is required to obtain new sufficient conditions for the H ? control. The conditions are derived in terms of a solution to the standard Riccati differential equations, which allows for simultaneous computation of the two bounds that characterize the stability rate of the solution.

Pietroni, N, Ganovelli, F, Cignoni, P & Scopigno, R 2009, 'Splitting cubes: a fast and robust technique for virtual cutting.', Vis. Comput., vol. 25, pp. 227-239.
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Pota, HR, Athanasius, GX, Li, L & Ugrinovskii, VA 2009, 'Robust Decentralized Control of Power Systems with OLTCs using Markov Jump Parameter Theory', Journal of CPRI, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 202-224.

PRADABPET, C, YOSHIZAWA, S, MIYANAGA, Y & DEJHAN, K 2009, 'New PAPR Reduction in an OFDM System Using Hybrid of PTS-CAPPR Methods with GA Coded Side Information Technique', IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, vol. E92-A, no. 11, pp. 2830-2836.
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Pradabpet, C, Yoshizawa, S, Miyanaga, Y & Dejhan, K 2009, 'NEW PAPR REDUCTION IN OFDM SYSTEMS BY HYBRID ALGORITHM OF PTS AND APPR METHODS', International Journal of Computers and Applications, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 119-127.
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In this paper, we propose a new peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction technique by a hybrid algorithm based on a partial transmit sequence (PTS) and adaptive peak power reduction (APPR) methods. This technique is used in a system based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM OFDM has orthogonally modulated sub-carriers which unexpectedly give large PAPR and tends to reduce the power efficiency of a RF amplifier. To reduce PAPR, the sequence of input data is rearranged by PTS for the reduction of PAPR and then fed to APPR process in the proposed system. The APPR method controls the peak level of the modulation signal by an adaptive algorithm. It reduces modulation signals over a predefined range. A proposed reduction method consists of these two methods and realizes both advantages at the same time. In simulation results, the proposed method shows the improvement on PAPR, PSD, and also the high performance on bit error rate of an OFDM system.

Pradabpet, C, Yoshizawa, S, Miyanaga, Y & Dejhan, K 2009, 'New Papr Reductionin Ofdm Systems By Hybrid Algorithm of Ptsand Appr Methods', International Journal of Computers and Applications, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 119-127.
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Pradhan, B 2009, 'Flood susceptible mapping and risk area delineation using logistic regression, GIS and remote sensing', Journal of Spatial Hydrology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1-18.
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Recently, in the year 2006, 2007 and 2008 heavy monsoons rainfall have triggered floods along Malaysia's east coast as well as in different parts of the country. The hardest hit areas are along the east coast of peninsular Malaysia in the states of Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang. The flood cost nearly millions of dollars of property and many lives. Foods are considered to be one of the weather-related natural disasters. Many methods exist to provide qualitative estimations of the risk level of flood susceptibility mapping within a watershed. This paper presents construction of a flood susceptible map for presumptive flood areas around at Kelantan river basin in Malaysia using a statistical model and GIS. To evaluate the factors related to flood susceptible analysis, a spatial database was constructed from a topographical map, geological map, hydrological map, Global Positioning System (GPS) data, land cover map, digital elevation model (DEM) data, and precipitation data. An attribute database was also constructed from field investigations and historical flood areas reports for the study area. Logistic regression model was applied to determine each factor's rating, and the ratings were overlaid for flood susceptibility mapping. Results indicate that flood prone areas can be performed at 1:25,000 which is comparable to some conventional flood hazard map scales. The flood prone areas delineated on these maps correspond to areas that would be inundated by significant flooding. Further, risk analysis has been performed using DEM, distance from hazard zone, land cover map and damageable objects at risk. DEM was used to delineate the catchments and served as a mask to extract the highest hazard zones of the landslide area. Qualitatively, the model seems to give reasonable results with accuracy observed was 85%.

Pradhan, B 2009, 'Groundwater potential zonation for basaltic watersheds using satellite remote sensing data and GIS techniques', Open Geosciences, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 120-129.
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AbstractThis paper summarizes the findings of groundwater potential zonation mapping at the Bharangi River basin, Thane district, Maharastra, India, using Satty’s Analytical Hierarchal Process model with the aid of GIS tools and remote sensing data. To meet the objectives, remotely sensed data were used in extracting lineaments, faults and drainage pattern which influence the groundwater sources to the aquifer. The digitally processed satellite images were subsequently combined in a GIS with ancillary data such as topographical (slope, drainage), geological (litho types and lineaments), hydrogeomorphology and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and image processing tools. In this study, six thematic layers were used for groundwater potential analysis. Each thematic layer’s weight was determined, and groundwater potential indices were calculated using groundwater conditions. The present study has demonstrated the capabilities of remote sensing and GIS techniques in the demarcation of different groundwater potential zones for hard rock basaltic basin.

Pradhan, B & Lee, S 2009, 'Landslide risk analysis using artificial neural network model focussing on different training sites', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1-15.

Pradhan, B & Lee, S 2009, 'Landslide risk analysis using artificial neural network model focussing on different training sites', International Journal of Physical Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 01-015.
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This paper presents landslide hazard and risk analysis using remote sensing data, GIS tools and artificial neural network model. Landslide locations were identified in the study area from interpretation of aerial photographs and from field surveys. Topographical and geological data and satellite images were collected, processed, and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and image processing. These factors were used with artificial neural network to analyze landslide hazard. Each factor's weight was determined by the back-propagation training method. Then the landslide hazard indices were calculated using the trained back-propagation weights, and the landslide hazard map was created using GIS tools. Landslide locations were used to verify results of the landslide hazard maps and to compare them. The results of the analysis were verified using the landslide location data and compared with neural network model with all cases. The accuracy observed was 83, 72, 82, 79 and 81% for training sites 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. GIS data was used to efficiently analyze the large volume of data, and the artificial neural network proved to be an effective tool for landslide hazard analysis. Further, risk analysis has been performed using DEM, distance from hazard zone, land cover map and damageable objects at risk. DEM was used to delineate the catchments and served as a mask to extract the highest hazard zones of the landslide area. Risk map was produced using map overlying techniques in GIS. This information could be used to estimate the risk to population, property and existing infrastructure like transportation network. © 2009 Academic Journals.

Pradhan, B, Lee, S & Buchroithner, MF 2009, 'Use of geospatial data and fuzzy algebraic operators to landslide-hazard mapping', Applied Geomatics, vol. 1, no. 1-2, pp. 3-15.
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Pradhan, B, Shafiee, M & Pirasteh, S 2009, 'Maximum flood prone area mapping using RADARSAT images and GIS: Kelantan river Basin', International Journal of Geoinformatics, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 11-23.
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This paper summarizes the findings of the maximum flood prone area mapping at Kelantan river basin, Malaysia, using multiple logistic regression model with the aid of GIS tools and remote sensing data. To map the maximum flood prone areas, at first the flood extent areas were extracted from RADARSAT 1 images and supported with ground data, existing reports and field notes. To evaluate the factors associated with flood prone areas, a spatial database was constructed from a topographical map, geological map, hydrological map, Global Positioning System (GPS) data, land cover map, SPOT 5 satellite image, digital elevation model (DEM), and precipitation data. Nine major parameters were extracted for the logistic regression analysis to determine each factor's rating, and the ratings were computed for flood prone area mapping analysis. Results indicate that flood prone area mapping which can be termed as susceptibility map can be performed at 1:25,000 which is comparable to some conventional medium scaled flood hazard map. The flood prone areas delineated on these map correspond to areas that would be inundated by significant flooding (approximately the 100 year flood). Qualitatively, the model seems to give reasonable results with accuracy observed was 84%. © Geoinformatics International.

Qiu, X, Masiero, B & Vorländer, M 2009, 'Channel separation of crosstalk cancellation systems with mismatched and misaligned sound sources', The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 126, no. 4, pp. 1796-1796.
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Quantian Luo & Liyong Tong 2009, 'Calculation of Energy Release Rates for Cohesive and Interlaminar Delamination Based on the Classical Beam-adhesive Model', Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 331-348.
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This article presents analytical formulas for determining mode I and II energy release rates for two cases: (a) cohesive fracture of adhesive joints and; (b) interlaminar delamination of layered beams. The formulas are firstly derived for calculating energy release rates GI and GII for a crack propagating in adhesive layer from one crack tip by using a classical beam-adhesive model. Then novel and simple closed-form formulas of G I and GII for an interface crack in layered beams are obtained by letting the adhesive thickness approach zero. In the present formulas, the effects of the asymmetry and each force component are clearly identified.

Quantian Luo & Liyong Tong 2009, 'Constitutive Modeling of Photostrictive Materials and Design Optimization of Microcantilevers', Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 1425-1438.
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This article presents constitutive models for photo-induced strains in photostrictive materials and an optimal design of microcantilevers driven by light illumination. Behaviors of photo-induced strains in semiconductors and polymeric materials are reviewed first, and then new phenomenological constitutive models are developed that depict two distinctive features of photo-induced strain profile: (a) dependence on variation of light intensity which decreases with the depth measured from the illuminated surface due to light attenuation and energy absorption; and (b) anisotropy or dependence on direction of light polarization. On the basis of the constitutive modeling of photo-induced strain in wafers, design optimization of microcantilevers is then investigated for both geometrically linear and non-linear deformations.

Rahman, BMA, Kejalakshmy, N, Uthman, M, Agrawal, A, Wongcharoen, T & Grattan, KTV 2009, 'Mode degeneration in bent photonic crystal fiber study by using the finite element method', Applied Optics, vol. 48, no. 31, pp. G131-G131.
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Raja, S, Thomas, PS, Stuart, BH, Guerbois, JP & O'Brien, C 2009, 'The estimation of pig bone age for forensic application using thermogravimetric analysis', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 173-176.
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An accurate means of determining bone age is a goal for forensic scientists. In this study, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been used to examine pig bone specimens of different post-mortem age. Analysis of bone in both air and nitrogen atmospheres reveals a decrease in total mass loss as the bones age. Two mass loss steps due to the decomposition of the organic bone components were observed and show decreasing trends with age for decomposition in an air atmosphere. In a nitrogen atmosphere the decomposition was observed to be more complex and age dependence of the mass loss for each step was not identified. The TGA data, however, demonstrates the potential of the technique as a means of estimating post-mortem age of forensic bone specimens.

Ramaswamy, P, Babl, FE, Deasy, C & Sharwood, LN 2009, 'Pediatric Procedural Sedation with Ketamine: Time to Discharge after Intramuscular versus Intravenous Administration', Academic Emergency Medicine, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 101-107.
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Ramsey, JD, Gill, ML, Kamerzell, TJ, Price, ES, Joshi, SB, Bishop, SM, Oliver, CN & Middaugh, CR 2009, 'Using empirical phase diagrams to understand the role of intramolecular dynamics in immunoglobulin G stability', Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 98, no. 7, pp. 2432-2447.
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Regmi, G, Indraratna, B & Nghiem, LD 2009, 'Effective remediation of groundwater in acid sulphate soil terrain', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 33-40.
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Acidic groundwater, generated from acid sulphate soil (ASS), is a major geo-environmental problem in Australia. Manipulation of groundwater through the use of weirs and gates in the nearby creeks and drains of ASS, which is being practised right now for preventing pyrite oxidation, is not effective in low land floodplains due to the risk of flooding. The application of a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) can be an alternative for remediation of acidic groundwater in such floodplains. Laboratory column experiments were carried out prior to installation of the PRB for examining the efficiency of the material. Results of these experiments have shown that recycled concrete could effectively neutralise the acidic water for longer periods with complete removal of aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe). Despite the reduction of the efficiency of the recycled concrete due to armouring by accumulated precipitates of Al and Fe, excellent performance was observed for an extended period under controlled laboratory condition. Following these results, a pilot PRB was installed in the Broughton Creek flood plains in southeast NSW to observe its performance under varying natural conditions of the field. The PRB has been maintaining near neutral pH with complete removal of Al and Fe from the groundwater of ASS matching with the results of column test. The promising performance of the pilot PRB for the last three years shows that PRB can be used as one of the cost effective and environmental friendly alternative to other recently utilised techniques in ASS.

Ren, T-T, Mu, Y, Ni, B-J & Yu, H-Q 2009, 'Hydrodynamics of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors', AIChE Journal, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 516-528.
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Ren, WX, Hao, H & Zhu, X 2009, 'International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics: Foreword', International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, vol. 9, no. 4.

Ren, W-X, Hao, H & Zhu, X 2009, 'SPECIAL ISSUE ON STRUCTURAL CONDITION ASSESSMENT, MONITORING AND IMPROVEMENT; EDITE ZHU FOREWORD', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL STABILITY AND DYNAMICS, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. V-V.

Ren, Z, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Xu, F, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Chen, Y 2009, 'Transient Simulation of Electrical Machines Using Field-Circuit Coupled Method', Journal of JSAEM, Japanese Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 425-428.
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In this paper, the transient simulations of electrical machines using a magnetic field-circuit coupled approach with diverse drive circuit topologies and two-dimensional finite-clement analysis arc described. t\ convenient approach to calculate the eddy loss of rotor bar inelectrlcal machines isulso presented, To illustrate the proposed methodology, this paper deals with three types ofelectrical machine including an interior-type permanent-magnet brushlcssDC motor, a single-phaseinduction motor and

Ridwan, SD, Thompson, R, Jap, BT, Lal, SK & Fischer, P 2009, 'Single Channel Wireless EEG: Proposed Application in Train Drivers', African Journal of Information & Communication Technology, vol. 5, no. 2.
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Electroencephalography (EEG) can be used as an indicator of fatigue. Several studies have shown that slow wave brain activities, delta (0-4 Hz) and theta (4- 8 Hz), increase as an individual becomes fatigued, while the fast brain activities, alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta (13-35 Hz), decrease. However, an EEG is a complex piece of equipment that is generally used in laboratory based studies. In order to develop a fatigue countermeasure device for train drivers using EEG, there is a need for a simple and wireless EEG monitor. This paper explains the development of a single channel wireless EEG device.

Riedel, S & Gabrys, B 2009, 'Pooling for Combination of Multilevel Forecasts', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 1753-1766.
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Rollinson, CM, Orbons, SM, Huntington, ST, Gibson, BC, Canning, J, Love, JD, Roberts, A & Jamieson, DN 2009, 'Metal-free scanning optical microscopy with a fractal fiber probe', OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 1772-1780.
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Roska, T, Arena, P, Lin, C-T & Tetzlaff, R 2009, 'Special issue on cellular wave computing architectures, Part II', International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 503-504.
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Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Indraratna, B 2009, 'Design procedure for vertical drains considering a linear variation of lateral permeability within the smear zone', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 270-280.
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A system of vertical drains with surcharge preloading is an effective method for promoting radial drainage and accelerated soil consolidation. This study presents a procedure for the design of vertical drains that significantly extends the previous technique proposed by the authors to include: (i) a linear reduction of lateral permeability in the smear zone, (ii) the effect of overlapping smear zones in a closely spaced drain network, and (iii) the gain in undrained shear strength due to consolidation. Design examples are provided for both single stage and multi-stage embankment construction demonstrating the convenient use of the proposed solutions in practical situations.

Ruta, D & Gabrys, B 2009, 'A framework for machine learning based on dynamic physical fields', Natural Computing, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 219-237.
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Despite recent successes and advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning, this domain remains under continuous challenge and guidance from phenomena and processes observed in natural world. Humans remain unsurpassed in their efficiency of dealing and learning from uncertain information coming in a variety of forms, whereas more and more robust learning and optimisation algorithms have their analytical engine built on the basis of some nature-inspired phenomena. Excellence of neural networks and kernel-based learning methods, an emergence of particle-, swarms-, and social behaviour-based optimisation methods are just few of many facts indicating a trend towards greater exploitation of nature inspired models and systems. This work intends to demonstrate how a simple concept of a physical field can be adopted to build a complete framework for supervised and unsupervised learning methodology. An inspiration for artificial learning has been found in the mechanics of physical fields found on both micro and macro scales. Exploiting the analogies between data and charged particles subjected to gravity, electrostatic and gas particle fields, a family of new algorithms has been developed and applied to classification, clustering and data condensation while properties of the field were further used in a unique visualisation of classification and classifier fusion models. The paper covers extensive pictorial examples and visual interpretations of the presented techniques along with some comparative testing over well-known real and artificial datasets. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.

Sabir, MI, Xu, X & Li, L 2009, 'A review on biodegradable polymeric materials for bone tissue engineering applications', Journal of Materials Science, vol. 44, no. 21, pp. 5713-5724.
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Safari, HO, Pirasteh, S & Pradhan, B 2009, 'Upliftment Estimation of the Zagros Transverse Fault in Iran Using Geoinformatics Technology', Remote Sensing, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 1240-1256.
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Safavi-Naeini, M, Franklin, DR, Lerch, MLF, Petasecca, M, Pignatel, GU, Reinhard, M, Dalla Betta, G-F, Zorzi, N & Rosenfeld, AB 2009, 'Evaluation of Silicon Detectors With Integrated JFET for Biomedical Applications', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 1051-1055.
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This paper presents initial results from electrical, spectroscopic and ion beam induced charge (IBIC) characterisation of a novel silicon PIN detector, featuring an on-chip n -channel JFET and matched feedback capacitor integrated on its p-side (frontside). This structure reduces electronic noise by minimising stray capacitance and enables highly efficient optical coupling between the detector back-side and scintillator, providing a fill factor of close to 100%. The detector is specifically designed for use in high resolution gamma cameras, where a pixellated scintillator crystal is directly coupled to an array of silicon photodetectors. The on-chip JFET is matched with the photodiode capacitance and forms the input stage of an external charge sensitive preamplifier (CSA). The integrated monolithic feedback capacitor eliminates the need for an external feedback capacitor in the external electronic readout circuit, improving the system performance by eliminating uncontrolled parasitic capacitances. An optimised noise figure of 152 electrons RMS was obtained with a shaping time of 2 mus and a total detector capacitance of 2 pF. The energy resolution obtained at room temperature (2degC) at 27 keV (direct interaction of I-125 gamma rays) was 5.09%, measured at full width at half maximum (FWHM). The effectiveness of the guard ring in minimising the detector leakage current and its influence on the total charge collection volume is clearly demonstrated by the IBIC images.

Saied, P, Bismajeet, P & Amir, M 2009, 'Stability Mapping and Landslide Recognition in Zagros Mountain South West Iran: A Case Study', DISASTER ADVANCES, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 47-53.

Saito, S, Tilma, T, Devitt, SJ, Nemoto, K & Semba, K 2009, 'Experimentally realizable controlled NOT gate in a flux qubit/resonator system', Physical Review B, vol. 80, no. 22.
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Sakhaee, E, Wakamiya, N & Murata, M 2009, 'An energy-efficient self-organizing global extremity reporting scheme for sensor networks', Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 543-555.
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Salameh, HAB, Krunz, MM & Younis, O 2009, 'MAC Protocol for Opportunistic Cognitive Radio Networks with Soft Guarantees', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 1339-1352.
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Salvestrin, H & Hagare, P 2009, 'Removal of nitrates from groundwater in remote indigenous settings in and Central Australia', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 11, no. 1-3, pp. 151-156.
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Naturally occurring elevated levels of nitrates are detected in many of the groundwater bores in the arid zone of Central Australia. Such levels are associated with anemia in young babies, pregnant women and other vulnerable groups. Further, there is evidence that links long-term exposure to elevated levels of nitrates with gastric cancer. In many parts of arid Central Australia alternative sources of water are not available. The capacity to operate and maintain water treatment and supply systems in remote Indigenous communities varies due to access and levels of service provision, mobility of the residents and balance of skills within the communities. A need has thus been identifi ed for a low maintenance nitrate removal system. Conventional treatment processes do not remove nitrates. Alternatives, such as reverse osmosis, ion exchange or biological denitrifi cation are either complex, energy and water intensive, expensive, produce waste products requiring disposal or require continual maintenance and monitoring. Such preconditions are not able to be met in remote Indigenous communities. This paper reviews the problems of nitrates in the arid zone of Central Australia and explores existing technologies for their removal, relative to remote Indigenous settings. It identifi es a need for further investigations to tailor technology to the unique social, economic and cultural characteristics of these settings.

Saxena, I, Agrawal, A & Joshi, SS 2009, 'Fabrication of microfilters using excimer laser micromachining and testing of pressure drop', Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 025025-025025.
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Seethamraju, R & Marjanovic, O 2009, 'Role of process knowledge in business process improvement methodology: a case study.', Bus. Process. Manag. J., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 920-936.
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Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyse the importance and role of process knowledge in the business process (BP) improvement methodology with the help of a case study. Design/methodology/approach - The approach takes the form of a literature review that highlights the challenges and issues in the existing BP improvement methodologies. An in-depth case study that has embarked on a major BP improvement initiative that emphasizes individual and collective process knowledge in a real-life complex organization is presented. Findings - The paper confirms that BP improvement is, in fact, a complex, knowledge-intensive, collaborative process that consists of a set of coordinated, contextualized knowledge management processes. The design of the "to-be" process in this study is a knowledge co-creation process that uses collaborative exploration of different scenarios and contexts. Compared with the traditional BP improvement methodologies where the main emphasis is on the design of a new process model, the focus of the methodology employed in this case study is on the process of knowledge co-creation and transfer. Research limitations/implications - The paper leads to increased recognition of the knowledge and experience people develop, use and share while modeling, executing, and improving their BPs. It offers anecdotal evidence and general case study research limitations apply. Practical implications - Practitioners should focus more on key knowledge processes rather than BP models that often obscure the role of individual and collective process knowledge. Rather than investing limited resources in the mapping and modeling of existing processes, practitioners will be able to better serve their organizations if they concentrate on the improvement of the process by tapping the contextualized process knowledge possessed by the individual actors. Originality/value - In the expanding field of BP management, the study explores the increasing importance of individual...

Seib, FP, Franke, M, Jing, D, Werner, C & Bornhäuser, M 2009, 'Endogenous bone morphogenetic proteins in human bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells', European Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 257-271.
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Shang, FJ, Abolhasan, M & Wysocki, T 2009, 'Distributed energy efficient unequal clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks', Tongxin Xuebao/Journal on Communications, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 34-43.
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A distributed energy-efficient unequal clustering (DEEUC) algorithm was proposed for wireless sensor networks by research current routing algorithms. The core of DEEUC has three parts. Firstly, when tentative clusterheads are selected, an average energy factor was introduced to balance the residual energy of the whole network nodes so that it may improve the network energy efficiency. Secondly, an energy consumption ratio function was proposed to balance energy-efficient of each node. Finally, an unequal clustering algorithm was proposed for single-hop homogeneous networks. Through both theoretical analysis and numerical results, it is shown that DEEUC prolongs the network lifetime significantly against the other clustering protocols such as LEACH-C and EECS. Under general instance, DEEUC may prolong the lifetime up to 30% against EECS.

Shapiro, NI, Trzeciak, S, Hollander, JE, Birkhahn, R, Otero, R, Osborn, TM, Moretti, E, Nguyen, HB, Gunnerson, KJ, Milzman, D, Gaieski, DF, Goyal, M, Cairns, CB, Ngo, L & Rivers, EP 2009, 'A prospective, multicenter derivation of a biomarker panel to assess risk of organ dysfunction, shock, and death in emergency department patients with suspected sepsis', Critical Care Medicine, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 96-104.
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OBJECTIVE:: To define a biomarker panel to predict organ dysfunction, shock, and in-hospital mortality in emergency department (ED) patients with suspected sepsis. DESIGN:: Prospective observational study. SETTING:: EDs of ten academic medical centers. PATIENTS:: There were 971 patients enrolled. Inclusion criteria: 1) ED patients age > 18; 2) suspected infection or a serum lactate level > 2.5 mmol/L; and 3) two or more systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria. Exclusion criteria: pregnancy, do-not-resuscitate status, or cardiac arrest. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:: Nine biomarkers were assayed from blood draws obtained on ED presentation. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify an optimal combination of biomarkers to create a panel. The derived formula for weighting biomarker values was used to calculate a "sepsis score," which was the predicted probability of the primary outcome of severe sepsis (sepsis plus organ dysfunction) within 72 hrs. We also assessed the ability of the sepsis score to predict secondary outcome measures of septic shock within 72 hrs and in-hospital mortality. The overall rates of each outcome were severe sepsis, 52%; septic shock, 39%; and in-hospital mortality 7%. Among the nine biomarkers tested, the optimal 3-marker panel was neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, protein C, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. The area under the curve for the accuracy of the sepsis score derived from these three biomarkers was 0.80 for severe sepsis, 0.77 for septic shock, and 0.79 for death. When included in multivariate models with clinical variables, the sepsis score remained highly significant (p < 0.001) for all the three outcomes. CONCLUSIONS:: A biomarker panel of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, interleukin-1ra, and Protein C was predictive of severe sepsis, septic shock, and death in ED patients with suspected sepsis. Further study is warranted to prospectively validate the clinical utility of these...

Sharif, AO, Merdaw, AA, Al-Bahadili, H, Al-Taee, A, Al-Aibi, S, Rahal, Z & Derwish, GAW 2009, 'A new theoretical approach to estimate the specific energy consumption of reverse osmosis and other pressure-driven liquid-phase membrane processes', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 3, no. 1-3, pp. 111-119.
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Sharp, I, Kegen Yu & Guo, YJ 2009, 'GDOP Analysis for Positioning System Design', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 3371-3382.
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Geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) has been widely used as an accuracy metric for navigation and tracking systems. Since high accuracy in a positioning system requires both accurate measurement of the range and a good geometric relationship between the mobile device and the measuring points, the analysis of GDOP is an essential feature in determining the performance of a positioning system. In this paper, we perform GDOP analysis to obtain concise analytical expressions for a number of scenarios, which are generally applicable to geometries where the mobile device is surrounded by base stations. Comparison of the analytical results with simulations using the typical geometries of indoor positioning systems shows good agreement, except when the mobile position is close to a base station. This effect is a consequence of the ranging errors being a significant proportion of the range in short-range tracking systems and discontinuities in GDOP at the base station. The results provide useful information for the design and testing of tracking systems, as well as for the determination of the geometric deployment of base stations for good GDOP in the coverage area. © 2009 IEEE.

Sharp, I, Yu, K & Guo, YJ 2009, 'Peak and leading edge detection for time-of-arrival estimation in band-limited positioning systems', IET Communications, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 1616-1616.
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The performance of the peak and leading edge detection methods for time-of-arrival (TOA) estimation in band-limited systems is examined. Analytical expressions for the detection performance in the presence of both random noise and multipath interference are derived. A dimensionless performance factor is presented that allows simple comparisons of the TOA estimation algorithms. These equations allow the performance tradeoff analysis to be undertaken without the need for simulations. It is shown that the leading edge detection method has significantly better multipath mitigation characteristics than the peak detection one, but at the expense of inferior noise performance. © 2009, The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

SHARWOOD, LN & BABL, FE 2009, 'The efficacy and effect of opioid analgesia in undifferentiated abdominal pain in children: a review of four studies', Pediatric Anesthesia, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 445-451.
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Shen, C, Paisitkriangkrai, S & Zhang, J 2009, 'Efficiently Learning a Detection Cascade with Sparse Eigenvectors', IEEE Transactions On Image Processing, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 22-35.
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In this work, we first show that feature selection methods other than boosting can also be used for training an efficient object detector. In particular, we introduce Greedy Sparse Linear Discriminant Analysis (GSLDA) \cite{Moghaddam2007Fast} for its conceptual simplicity and computational efficiency; and slightly better detection performance is achieved compared with \cite{Viola2004Robust}. Moreover, we propose a new technique, termed Boosted Greedy Sparse Linear Discriminant Analysis (BGSLDA), to efficiently train a detection cascade. BGSLDA exploits the sample re-weighting property of boosting and the class-separability criterion of GSLDA.

Sheng, D, Gens, A, Fredlund, DG & Sloan, SW 2009, 'Reply to Comments on “Unsaturated soils: From constitutive modelling to numerical algorithms” by Daichao Sheng, Antonio Gens, Delwyn G. Fredlund and Scott W. Sloan [Computers and Geotechnics 35(6) (2008) 810–824] by Jingshuang Li, Yichuan Xing and Yujing Hou', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1100-1100.
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Sheng, D, Nazem, M & Carter, JP 2009, 'Some computational aspects for solving deep penetration problems in geomechanics', Computational Mechanics, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 549-561.
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Shepherd, D & Bremner, MJ 2009, 'Temporally unstructured quantum computation', PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES, vol. 465, no. 2105, pp. 1413-1439.
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We examine theoretic architectures and an abstract model for a restricted class of quantum computation, called here temporally unstructured (`instantaneous) quantum computation because it allows for essentially no temporal structure within the quantum dynamics. Using the theory of binary matroids, we argue that the paradigm is rich enough to enable sampling from probability distributions that cannot, classically, be sampled efficiently and accurately. This paradigm also admits simple interactive proof games that may convince a sceptic of the existence of truly quantum effects. Furthermore, these effects can be created using significantly fewer qubits than are required for running Shors algorithm.

Sherker, S, Ritchie, J, Eager, D & Dennis, R 2009, 'Soft landings: encouraging compliance with safety standards in Local Government Authority playgrounds', Health Promotion Journal of Australia, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 31-36.
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Issues addressed: Consistent with health promotion principles of good practice, addressing playground injury necessitates the creation of a supportive environment for the enhancement of wellbeing and the prevention of injuries. This study aims to survey local governments to: determine compliance with playground safety standards; establish frequency of playground inspections and maintenance; and identify motivators and barriers to compliance with safety standards. Methods: A survey of key informants for playground safety in all 152 local government councils in New South Wales (NSW) was undertaken. Results: Of 152 local councils in NSW (43 metropolitan and 109 non-metropolitan), 71.7% (n=109) completed the survey, 12.5% (n=19) refused to participate and no response was received by 15.8% (n=24). Self-reported compliance with key aspects of the standard was generally high. However, only 55% of councils complied with surface impact attenuation < 200 g(max) and < 1,000 HIC. Further, only 14.7% of councils reported impact testing the playground surface during inspections. The main motivators to compliance included: reducing risk of litigation or liability; enhancing community and child safety, and minimising the risk of injury. The main barriers included a lack of: time; personnel, and a lack of adequate and appropriate funding. Conclusions: Local Government Authorities have a duty of care to ensure the safety of playgrounds in their jurisdiction. They require time, personnel and adequate and appropriate funding in order to achieve this aim.

Shon, H, Okour, Y, Saliby, IE, Park, J, Cho, DL, Kim, JB, Park, HJ & Kim, JH 2009, 'Preparation and characterisation of titanium dioxide produced from Ti-salt flocculated sludge in water treatment', Journal of the Korean Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 241-250.
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During the past few years, titanium salts were investigated as alternative coagulants for the removal of organic matter of different molecular sizes in contaminated water. The flocculation efficiency of Ti-salt was comparable to those of FeCl3 and Al2(SO4)3 salts, commonly used coagulants. Incinerated sludge-TiO2 showed higher surface area and photocatalytic activity than commercially available TiO2. Metal-doped forms were produced by adding coagulant aids such as iron (Fe-), aluminium (Al-) and (Ca-) calcium salts during Ti-salt flocculation to increase pH. Ca- and Al- doped TiO2 showed very high photocatalytic activity compared to Fe-doped TiO2. When tested in a pilot scale plant for treatment of dye wastewater to check practical feasibility of the novel process, the removal ratio of the chemical oxygen demand was comparable to those of commonly used coagulants but the settling of sludge was faster. The TiO2 generated after sludge incineration showed a high photocatalytic activity for degradation of volatile organic compounds and increased the rate of hydrogen production by water photosplitting. TiCl4 coagulant and TiO2 produced from different water sources with different concentrations had low acute toxicity compared to heavy metals and commercial TiO2 when examined based on D. Magna mortality. This paper presents the production, characterisation and the photoactivity of TiO2 produced from Ti-salt flocculated sludge. Different case studies are discussed to highlighted recent advances in this field.

Shon, HK, Kim, SH, Vigneswaran, S, Ben Aim, R, Lee, S & Cho, J 2009, 'Physicochemical pretreatment of seawater: fouling reduction and membrane characterization', DESALINATION, vol. 238, no. 1-3, pp. 10-21.
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The pretreatment of raw seawater is necessary to minimize the organic fouling of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes. To predict the membrane fouling of the pretreated seawater, the modified fouling index (MFI) with ultrafiltration (UF) was investigated in terms of molecular weight distribution (MWD) and membrane characterization. The study was conducted with seawater drawn from Collioure, France. The concentration of total dissolved solids was 32,760 mg/L. The molecular weight (MW) of the initial seawater organic matter (SWOM) ranged from about 14160 Da to 280 Da. FeCl3 flocculation removed the majority of SWOM, while PAC adsorption could not remove the lowest MW fraction of organic matter (1110, 750 and 280 Da). The UF membranes with 30 kDa and 100 kDa MW cut-off removed the majority of of organic matter corresponding to the peaks 14,160 Da and 6560 Da in MWD. The MFI values obtained when using UF membranes of 30 kDa and 100 kDa with MF pretreatment were 19,700 s/L2 and 31,000 s/L2, respectively. The MFI values after pretreatments of FeCl3 flocculation and PAC adsorption significantly decreased to 6900 s/L2 and 6700 for 30 kDa UF and to 2300 s/L2 and 2500 s/L2 for 100 kDa UF, respectively. Some relation does exist for both membranes between the MFIUF values and Spb values obtained during the first peiod of filtration (pore blocking). The pore blocking zone significantly decreased after flocculation and adsorption pretreatment. This suggests that the pore blocking can be used as an indicator to predict membrane propensity. The detailed membrane characterization on the clean and fouled membrane surface after MFIUF experiments was made in terms of contact angle, zeta potential, functional group and microscopy.

Shon, HK, Puntsho, S, Chon, K, Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S, Kim, IS & Cho, J 2009, 'A study on the influence of ionic strength on the elution behaviour of membrane organic foulant using advanced separation tools', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 11, no. 1-3, pp. 38-45.
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Although membrane technology has become a reliable and viable alternative for water and wastewater treatment, membrane fouling is a serious challenge. In this case study, we report application of different techniques to extract foulant from the hollow fi bre membrane and characterize the foulant into various components of organic, inorganic and different fractions. The organic foulant was subjected to high-pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and fl ow fi eld-fl ow fractionation (FlFFF) analysis to study the infl uence of ionic strength on its elution behaviour using NaCl and CaCl2 as carrier solutions. It was observed that an increase in ionic strength delayed the elution time of both the organic foulant and the Na-salt of Polysterene sulphone (PSS) with HPSEC. However, no such effect was observed with FlFFF analysis. Such study is signifi cant because the characteristics of the membrane organic foulant are believed to be infl uenced by the carrier ionic conditions and pH and, therefore their subsequent interaction with the membrane and membrane fouling process. However with FlFFF, whether the infl uence of carrier ionic strength is limited to certain type of ionic carriers or certain groups of natural organic matter is a scope for further research.

Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Kim, J-B, Park, HJ, Choi, SW & Kim, J-H 2009, 'Preparation of titanium oxide, iron oxide, and aluminium oxide from sludge generated from Ti-salt, Fe-salt and Al-salt flocculation of wastewater', JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 719-723.
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In this study, the settled floc (sludge) produced by aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), ferric chloride (FeCl3) and titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) flocculation was recycled with a novel flocculation process, which has a significant potential to the lower cost of waste disposal, protect the environment and public health and yield economically useful by-products. Three coagulants removed 70% of organic matter in synthetic wastewater. The settled floc was incinerated in the range from 100 8C to 1000 8C. Alumina (Al2O3), hematite (Fe2O3), titanium oxide (TiO2) which are the most widely used metal oxides were produced from the wastewater sludge generated by the flocculation in wastewater with Al2(SO4)3, FeCl3 and TiCl4, respectively. TiO2 particles produced from the sludge consisted of the large amount of nano size particles. Hematite (Fe2O3) and grattarolaite (Fe3 (PO4)O3 or Fe3PO7) included the majority of micro size (40%) particles. Alumina (Al2O3) also consisted of micro size (40%). Due to TiO2 usefulness of the application, detailed characterisation of TiO2 after calcination at different temperatures were investigated in terms of X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray, surface area and photoactivity.

Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Zareie, MH, Kim, JB, Cho, DL & Kim, J-H 2009, 'Preparation and Characterization of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) from Sludge produced by TiCl4 Flocculation with FeCl3, Al-2(SO4)(3) and Ca(OH)(2) Coagulant Aids in Wastewater', SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 1525-1543.
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In this study, TiCl4 coagulant together with coagulant aids such as FeCl3, Al2(SO4)3, and Ca(OH)2 were investigated to improve the photoactivity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) produced from sludge and to increase the resulting low pH value. After TiCl4 flocculation with three coagulant aids, the settled floc (sludge) was incinerated at 600°C to produce TiO2 doped with Fe, Al, and Ca elements. Fe-, Al-, and Ca-doped TiO2 was characterized in terms of structural, chemical, and photo-electronic properties. All the coagulant aids used together with Ti-salt flocculation effectively increased the pH values. The surface area of TiO2-WO (without any coagulant aids), Fe/TiO2, Al/TiO2, and Ca/TiO2 was 122 m2/g, 77 m2/g, 136 m2/g and 116 m2/g, respectively. The TiO2-WO, Fe/TiO2, Al/TiO2, and Ca/TiO2 was found to be of anatase phase. The XRD pattern on the Fe/TiO2 included an additional peak of hematite (α-Fe2O3). The majority of gaseous acetaldehyde with TiO2-WO and Ca/TiO2 for photocatalytic activity was completely removed within 40 minutes under UV irradiation.

Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Zareie, MH, Ben Aim, R, Lee, E, Lee, J, Cho, J & Kim, IS 2009, 'Physico-chemical pretreatment to seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO): organic characterization and membrane autopsy', DESALINATION, vol. 236, no. 1-3, pp. 282-290.
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In this study, different pretreatment methods such as microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption and ferric chloride (FeCl3) flocculation were evaluated in terms of their capability in removing seawater organic matter (SWOM) and the characteristics of the foulants on the seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes. A detailed experiment with a crossflow SWRO filtration unit was conducted with SR membrane (MWCO 100 Da) at 60 bar with seawater (conductivity = 48.9 mS/cm) drawn from south-western Korea. The SWOM removal by UF, NF, PAC adsorption and FeCl3 flocculation was 20.3, 28.9, 46 and 23.3%, respectively. SWOM used in this study predominantly consisted of small size organic matter (<1000 Da). A large amount of the hydrophobic fraction present in SWOM was removed by PAC adsorption. The SDI5min significantly decreased from 12.7 (without any pretreatment) to 3.2 (MF), 1.3 (UF), 1.0 (NF) and 4.4 (PAC adsorption). RO filtration of seawater with and without pretreatment showed significant flux decline (normalized flux decline (J/J0) = 0.17 ± 0.02) within 20-h operation. The elemental analyses made on the RO surface after direct RO filtration showed that the relative fraction of the carbon decreased, while sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), chlorine (Cl) and iron (Fe) elements were found in the foulants extracted from the fouled membrane surface. The average roughness of the clean membrane surface was 41.5 nm. After MF and UF pretreatment, the roughness slightly increased to 54.8 and 55.6 nm, respectively. On the other hand, without any pretreatment, with PAC adsorption and with FeCl3 flocculation, the roughness increased up to 69.7, 66.4 and 110 nm, respectively. It can be concluded that the pretreatment by MF and UF could relatively preserve the RO membrane surface.

Shrestha, R, Smith, ST & Samali, B 2009, 'Strengthening RC beam-column connections with FRP strips', PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-STRUCTURES AND BUILDINGS, vol. 162, no. 5, pp. 323-334.
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Reinforced concrete connections, designed prior to the implementation of earthquake design standards, may vulnerable to shear failure during a seismic attack. Addition of externally bonded fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites can enhance not just the shear capacity but the deformation and energy absorption capacity of the connection. The majority of research studies to date have opted for complete or near-complete coverage of the joint region with FRP and subjected the test specimens to cyclic (push-pull) loading. Such strengthening schemes and method of loading make it quite difficult to accurately monitor hence understand the behaviour of the FRP and the concrete beneath. This paper presents results of a of tests on the strengthening of shear deficient connections with FRP strips subjected to either cyclic monotonic loading with the primary motivation being accurate description of the behaviour of the FRP. The tests also enable the failure modes to be more accurately reported and classified especially due to the use of monotonic loading. An analytical model is finally presented which accurately describes the mechanics of the FRP strengthening with the model predictions correlating reasonably well with the test data.

Shu, T & Krunz, M 2009, 'Energy-efficient power/rate control and scheduling in hybrid TDMA/CDMA wireless sensor networks', Computer Networks, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 1395-1408.
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Shuhong Wang, Xiangjun Meng, Ningning Guo, Haibo Li, Jie Qiu, Jian Guo Zhu, Youguang Guo, Dikai Liu, Yi Wang & Wei Xu 2009, 'Multilevel Optimization for Surface Mounted PM Machine Incorporating With FEM', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 4700-4703.
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In this paper, multilevel genetic algorithm (MLGA) is presented to solve the optimization of surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM), which has features of mixed continuous and discrete design variables, multi-modal objective functions, etc. Firstly, the multilevel optimization problem is described by using the problem matrix. The values in the problem matrix are deduced by correlation analysis. Secondly, the architecture and implementation of MLGA are carried out. Thirdly, the new algorithm is applied to a bilevel optimization of SPMSM to verify this multilevel optimization. The results compared with those of traditional genetic algorithm (GA) and discussions of the multilevel optimization are presented.

Shukla, M, Shukla, N, Tiwari, MK & Chan, FTS 2009, 'Integrated model for the batch sequencing problem in a multi-stage supply chain: an artificial immune system based approach', International Journal of Production Research, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 1015-1037.
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In this paper a mathematical model for the batch sequencing problem in a multistage supply chain is developed by taking into account three practically important objectives, viz. minimization of lead time, blocking time and due date violation. Attribute dependent operation time, sequence dependent setup time, different due dates, different lot sizes for batches and variable time losses due to interaction among several stages like waiting, idling, and blocking are also considered in the model. The problem is combinatorial in nature and complete enumeration of all its possibilities is computationally prohibitive. Therefore, a metaheuristic, artificial immune system (AIS) is employed to find an optimal/near optimal solution. In order to test the efficacy of AIS in solving the problem, its implementation on four different problems has been studied. Further, the comparative analysis of the results obtained by implementing AIS, genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA) on the proposed model reveals that AIS outperforms GA and SA in solving the underlying problem.

Shukla, N, Tiwari, MK & Shankar, R 2009, 'Optimal sensor distribution for multi-station assembly process using chaos-embedded fast-simulated annealing', International Journal of Production Research, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 187-211.
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This paper presents a novel methodology for the allocation of sensors in multi-station assembly processes. It resolves two core issues pertaining to the determination of an optimal number of sensors to be employed and their best locations. To make the traditional approach more effective, the effect of noise on sensor placement is minimized by maximizing the determinant of the Fischer information matrix. A state-space approach is adopted to model the variation propagation pertaining to the transfer of parts in a given multi-station assembly process. Further, the objective function conceived is significant over other contributions with respect to adding the effect of noise coupled with the sensors. Moreover, a new algorithm is developed to optimize the newly formulated objective function. The proposed algorithm combines chaotic sequences with traditional evolutionary fast simulated annealing (EFSA), hence it is termed chaos-embedded fast-simulated annealing (CEFSA). It can find the optimal sensor distribution with the minimum effect of noise in the sensor data. This paper reports on conceptual work, which underpins the research, and also presents details of a numerical example carried out in an industrial context to test the efficacy of the proposed algorithm. Further analysis reveals that the proposed approach obtains optimal distribution of sensors and offers more generic results compared with previously concluded analysis.

Siam, MZ & Krunz, M 2009, 'Channel Access Scheme for MIMO-Enabled Ad Hoc Networks with Adaptive Diversity/Multiplexing Gains', Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 433-450.
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Simon, A, Nghiem, LD, Le-Clech, P, Khan, SJ & Drewes, JE 2009, 'Effects of membrane degradation on the removal of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) by NF/RO filtration processes', Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 340, no. 1-2, pp. 16-25.
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Singh, G & Kandasamy, J 2009, 'Evaluating performance and effectiveness of water sensitive urban design', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 11, no. 1-3, pp. 144-150.
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Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) is something of a catch-all term for environmentally sustainable water resource management in urban areas. Water sensitive urban design offers an alternative to the traditional conveyance approach to stormwater management. It seeks to minimise the extent of impervious surfaces and mitigate changes to the natural water balance, through on-site reuse of water as well as through temporary storage. By integrating major and minor fl ow paths in the landscape and adopting a range of water sensitive design techniques, the size of the structural stormwater system required can be signifi cantly reduced. WSUD techniques include detention and retention basins to lower peak fl ows, grassed swales and vegetation to facilitate water infi ltration and pollutant fi ltration. WSUD has been adopted widely in Australia and is being implemented in varied local government areas. The major challenge to the success of WSUD is however its measure of effectiveness over the life cycle given that it demands high maintenance. The aim of this paper is to provide a snapshot of effectiveness of WSUD implemented in Kogarah Municipal Council using two case studies and presents results on improvement in water quality through both site specifi c and water quality monitoring of the bays.

Smallwood, A, Thomas, PS, Ray, AS & Simon, P 2009, 'Application of a Fickian model of diffusion to the dehydration of graded specimens of a precious Australian sedimentary opal derived from Coober Pedy', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 97, no. 2, pp. 685-688.
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A model developed for the estimation of the diffusion coefficient based on Fickian diffusion is applied to the dehydration of a Coober Pedy white play of colour (precious) opal using thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The model was originally applied to bulk and powdered opal (opal with no bulk). In this paper the opal was graded prior to TG analysis. The diffusion coefficient was calculated and is reported up to the critical point of water.

Smith, DB, Zhang, JA, Hanlen, LW, Miniutti, D, Rodda, D & Gilbert, B 2009, 'Temporal correlation of dynamic on-body area radio channel', Electronics Letters, vol. 45, no. 24, pp. 1212-1212.
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Smith, P & Vigneswaran, S 2009, 'Effect of backwash and powder activated carbon (PAC) addition on performance of side stream membrane filtration system (SSMFS) on treatment of biological treatment effluent', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 11, no. 1-3, pp. 46-51.
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In this study, a pilot scale Side Stream Membrane Filtration System (SSMFS) was used to demonstrate the need for optimization of backwash conditions and the addition of PAC. Through an investigation of the amount of fouling each cycle that can be restored through backwashing over a short-term, a good operating point for long-term operation was developed. Periodic removal of 1.5% of the PAC slurry mixture (7.5 L out of 500 L) and PAC replacement (15 g/d) was found to have a positive impact on the reduction of membrane fouling

Sprinkle, J, Eklund, JM, Gonzalez, H, Grotli, EI, Upcroft, B, Makarenko, A, Uther, W, Moser, M, Fitch, R, Durrant-Whyte, H & Sastry, SS 2009, 'Model-based design: a report from the trenches of the DARPA Urban Challenge', SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS MODELING, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 551-566.
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Srivastava, A, Samir, C, Joshi, SH & Daoudi, M 2009, 'Elastic Shape Models for Face Analysis Using Curvilinear Coordinates', Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 253-265.
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Stausberg, JR, Deuse, J & Baudzus, B 2009, 'Didaktische Hilfsmittel zur Umsetzung schlanker Produktionssysteme', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 104, no. 10, pp. 847-852.
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Kurzfassung Die Einführung eines schlanken Produktionssystems zur Produktivitätssteigerung in einem Wertstrom führt in der Organisation eines Betriebs und in den Arbeitsaufgaben der Mitarbeiter zu großen Veränderungen. Für das übergeordnete Verständnis und die Akzeptanz dieser Veränderungen sind alle Mitarbeiter in integrierten Schulungsmaßnahmen vorzubereiten und zu qualifizieren. In der primären Schulung werden Prinzipen und Methoden des Produktionssystems zusammenhängend erläutert. Darauf aufbauend können vertiefende Schulungen durchgeführt werden. Da neben der rein fachlichen Wissensvermittlung auch eine positive Erwartungshaltung gegenüber dem Produktionssystem erreicht werden soll, können traditionelle Schulungsmethoden ohne didaktische Hilfsmittel diese Anforderungen nicht mehr erfüllen. Das Planspiel erweist sich im Vergleich zu anderen didaktischen Instrumenten für diese Anforderungen als geeignete Ergänzung. Es integriert handlungsorientierte Ansätze, zielgruppenspezifische Unterstützung und die Möglichkeit einer umfassenden Verdeutlichung von Zusammenhängen und deren Auswirkungen.

Stewart, MG & Suo, Q 2009, 'Extent of spatially variable corrosion damage as an indicator of strength and time-dependent reliability of RC beams', Engineering Structures, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 198-207.
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A spatial time-dependent reliability model is developed for a RC beam subject to corrosion-induced pitting corrosion. The analysis considers the spatial and time-dependent variability of pitting corrosion and its effect on cover cracking and shear and flexural resistance. The model uses extreme value theory to predict maximum pit depth as a function of bar diameter and reinforcing bar length. The effect of corrosion on the mechanical behaviour of reinforcement and associated loss of ductility is also considered. A 1D spatial model is included where concrete properties, concrete cover and the surface chloride concentration are treated as random fields. The model is then used to predict the likelihood and extent of corrosion-induced cracking (corrosion damage). The spatial time-dependent reliability model allows the loss of structural capacity and reliability to be calculated conditional to the observed extent of corrosion damage. This allows the interaction between corrosion damage and loss of structural safety to be inferred for a deteriorating RC beam. It was found that the crack width at time of structural collapse is often well in excess of 1 mm. It was also found that the extent and location of severe cover cracking is an important indicator of structural reliability. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Styrkarsdottir, U, Halldorsson, BV, Gretarsdottir, S, Gudbjartsson, DF, Walters, GB, Ingvarsson, T, Jonsdottir, T, Saemundsdottir, J, Snorradóttir, S, Center, JR, Nguyen, TV, Alexandersen, P, Gulcher, JR, Eisman, JA, Christiansen, C, Sigurdsson, G, Kong, A, Thorsteinsdottir, U & Stefansson, K 2009, 'New sequence variants associated with bone mineral density', Nature Genetics, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 15-17.
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Su, SW, Celler, BG, Savkin, AV, Nguyen, HT, Cheng, TM, Guo, Y & Wang, L 2009, 'Transient and steady state estimation of human oxygen uptake based on noninvasive portable sensor measurements', MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTING, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 1111-1117.
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The main motivation of this study is to establish an ambulatory cardio-respiratory analysis system for the monitoring and evaluation of exercise and regular daily physical activity. We explored the estimation of oxygen uptake by using noninvasive portable sensors. These sensors are easy to use but may suffer from malfunctions under free living environments. A promising solution is to combine sensors with different measuring mechanisms to improve both reliability and accuracy of the estimation results. For this purpose, we selected a wireless heart rate sensor and a tri-axial accelerometer to form a complementary sensor platform. We analyzed the relationship between oxygen uptake measured by gas analysis and data collected from the simple portable sensors using multivariable nonlinear modeling approaches. It was observed that the resulting nonlinear multivariable model could not only achieve a better estimate compared with single input single output models, but also had greater potential to improve reliability.

Suh, YS, Joshi, SP & Ramesh, KT 2009, 'An enhanced continuum model for size-dependent strengthening and failure of particle-reinforced composites', Acta Materialia, vol. 57, no. 19, pp. 5848-5861.
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Sun, J, Mohay, H & O'Callaghan, M 2009, 'A comparison of executive function in very preterm and term infants at 8 months corrected age', Early Human Development, vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 225-230.
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Tang, X, Ma, M, Ostry, D, Jiao, B & Guo, Y 2009, 'Characterizing impulsive network traffic using truncated α-stable processes', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 980-982.
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It has been recently recognized that aggregated traffic in a variety of networks exhibits a similar impulsiveness over a wide range of aggregation levels, but approaches a Gaussian distribution in the limit as the aggregation level grows. Although several traffic models have been proposed in the past decade, their accuracy in simultaneously characterizing the above properties still needs to be further improved. In this letter, we propose a truncated α-stable process model which is able to capture the impulsiveness of observed network traffic as well as its tendency toward the Gaussian distribution with aggregation. An inherent physical mechanism is also proposed to give insight into the underlying meaning of the proposed model. Simulation results show that the proposed process achieves close agreement with real traffic and outperforms previous models. © 2006 IEEE.

Tao, J & Qiu, X 2009, 'Sensor number requirements for sound power prediction using two different mode decomposition methods', Applied Acoustics, vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 646-651.
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Taylor, JG, Cheuk, AT, Tsang, PS, Chung, J-Y, Song, YK, Desai, K, Yu, Y, Chen, Q-R, Shah, K, Youngblood, V, Fang, J, Kim, SY, Yeung, C, Helman, LJ, Mendoza, A, Ngo, V, Staudt, LM, Wei, JS, Khanna, C, Catchpoole, D, Qualman, SJ, Hewitt, SM, Merlino, G, Chanock, SJ & Khan, J 2009, 'Identification of FGFR4-activating mutations in human rhabdomyosarcomas that promote metastasis in xenotransplanted models', JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, vol. 119, no. 11, pp. 3395-3407.
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Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a childhood cancer originating from skeletal muscle, and patient survival is poor in the presence of metastatic disease. Few determinants that regulate metastasis development have been identified. The receptor tyrosine kinase FGFR4 is highly expressed in RMS tissue, suggesting a role in tumorigenesis, although its functional importance has not been defined. Here, we report the identification of mutations in FGFR4 in human RMS tumors that lead to its activation and present evidence that it functions as an oncogene in RMS. Higher FGFR4 expression in RMS tumors was associated with advanced-stage cancer and poor survival, while FGFR4 knockdown in a human RMS cell line reduced tumor growth and experimental lung metastases when the cells were transplanted into mice. Moreover, 6 FGFR4 tyrosine kinase domain mutations were found among 7 of 94 (7.5%) primary human RMS tumors. The mutants K535 and E550 increased autophosphorylation, Stat3 signaling, tumor proliferation, and metastatic potential when expressed in a murine RMS cell line. These mutants also transformed NIH 3T3 cells and led to an enhanced metastatic phenotype. Finally, murine RMS cell lines expressing the K535 and E550 FGFR4 mutants were substantially more susceptible to apoptosis in the presence of a pharmacologic FGFR inhibitor than the control cell lines expressing the empty vector or wild-type FGFR4. Together, our results demonstrate that mutationally activated FGFR4 acts as an oncogene, and these are what we believe to be the first known mutations in a receptor tyrosine kinase in RMS. These findings support the potential therapeutic targeting of FGFR4 in RMS.

Teymourtash, AR & Ebrahimi Warkiani, M 2009, 'Natural convection over a non-isothermal vertical flat plate in supercritical fluids', Scientia Iranica, vol. 16, no. 6 B, pp. 470-478.
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In many applications, convection heat transfer is coupled with conduction and radiation heat transfer, which generate temperature gradients along the walls and may greatly affect natural convection heat transfer. The main objective of this study is to calculate the heat-transfer characteristics for natural convection from a non-isothermal vertical flat plate into a supercritical fluid. The influence of the non-uniformity of wall temperature on the heat transfer by natural convection along a vertical plate, having a linearly distributed temperature (characterized by the slope S) is also investigated. The thermal expansion coefficient is considered as a function of the temperature, the pressure, the van der Waals constants and the compressibility factor. The trends of the curves obtained with this equation and with values from tables of thermodynamic properties were similar and diverged at a critical point. These features confirmed the validity of this equation. Then, the governing systems of partial differential equations are solved numerically using the finite difference method. The local Nusselt number was then calculated and plotted as a function of the local Rayleigh number. It was observed that a positive slope of temperature distribution increases the heat transfer rate and a negative slope decreases it. © Sharif University of Technology, December 2009.

Teymourtash, AR & Warkiani, ME 2009, 'Natural Convection over a Non-Isothermal Vertical Flat Plate in Supercritical Fluids', SCIENTIA IRANICA TRANSACTION B-MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 470-478.

Thornton-Benko, E, Nguyen, HT, Hung, WT & Thornton, BS 2009, 'Improved observer dependent perception of weak edges when scanning an image in real time indicated by introducing 1/f noise into the primary visual cortex V1. Theory and experimental support', AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 136-149.
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We present results of a new process for generating 1/f type noise sequences and introducing the noise in the primary visual cortex which then enables improved perception of weak edges when an observer is scanning a complex image in real time to detect detail such as in mammogram reading sessions. It can be explained by an adaptation of information theory for functional rather than previous task-based methods for formulating processes for edge formation in early vision. This is enabled from a two "species" classification of the interaction of opposing on-centre and off-centre neuron processes. We show that non-stationary stochastic resonances predicted by theory can occur with 1/f noise in the primary visual cortex VI and suggest that signalling exchanges between VI and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus can initiate neural activity for saccadic action (and observer attention) for weak edge perception. Improvements predicted by our theory were shown from 600 observations by two groups of observers of limited experience and an experienced radiologist for reference (but not for diagnosis). They scanned and rated the definition of microcalcification in clusters separately rated by the experienced radiologist. The results and supporting theory showed dependence on the observer's attention and orderly scanning. Using a compact simplified equipment configuration the methodology has important clinical applications for conjunction searches of features and for detection of objects in poor light conditions for vehicles.

TIAN, H-D, YU, Z-Y, HAN, L-H & LIU, Y-M 2009, 'Effect of the structural parameters of photonic crystal fibers on propagation characteristics', The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 89-128.
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Using a full-vector finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, this article explores the propagation characteristics of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) theoretically. The dependence of structural parameters on the effective index of the fundamental guided mode, effective index of the fundamental cladding mode, mode field diameter, confinement loss, effective mode area, and chromatic dispersion in PCF have been studied, respectively. The research presents a reference for designing of PCF with a specific purpose. © 2009 The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications.

TIAN, L, YANG, Y-B, FANG, G-F, SHI, J-L & DUTKIEWICZ, E 2009, 'A Scheduling Set Based Integrated Scheduling Algorithm for Unicast and Multicast Traffic *', Journal of Software, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 3196-3206.
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A new problem is addressed, which is how to improve energy efficiency for both unicast and multicast services without violating QoS requirements of mobile stations in 802.16e wireless networks. To solve this problem, a scheduling set based integrated scheduling (SSBIS) algorithm is proposed. SSBIS partitions all the mobile stations into multicast scheduling sets and a unicast scheduling set. All the unicast data of the mobile stations in the multicast scheduling sets are transmitted in the adjacent intervals of their multicast data transmission periods, and for the mobile stations in the unicast scheduling set, longest sleep duration based (LSDB) scheduling scheme is obtained using convex optimization to improve energy efficiency of the whole system. Numerical results show that SSBIS can save overall energy significantly and guarantee the minimum data rates of mobile stations at the same time. © 2008 by Journal of Software.

Tijing, LD, Kim, HY, Lee, DH, Kim, CS & Cho, YI 2009, 'Use of an Oscillating Electric Field to Mitigate Mineral Fouling in a Heat Exchanger', Experimental Heat Transfer, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 257-270.
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To, WK, Paul, G, Kwok, NM & Liu, D 2009, 'An efficient trajectory planning approach for autonomous robots in complex bridge environments', International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 185-185.
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This paper presents an efficient trajectory planning approach for a 6DOF robotic manipulator conducting grit-blasting in complex bridge structural environments. The proposed approach extends upon robotic grit-blasting planning and incorporates joint movement minimisation in addition to path length minimisation. A genetic algorithm is implemented to optimise initial path plans based on a heuristic pattern for the coverage of surface areas to be blasted. A customised gradient based method is applied for the generation of collision-free joint configurations for grit-blasting based on the identified path plan. A grit-blasting coverage model is developed for discrete non-planar 3D coverage determination to verify the performance of the plan. Extensive simulation and experimental results are also presented in this paper.

Tomamichel, M, Colbeck, R & Renner, R 2009, 'Duality Between Smooth Min- and Max-Entropies', IEEE Trans. on Inf. Theory, 56 (2010) 4674-4681, vol. 56, no. 9, pp. 4674-4681.
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In classical and quantum information theory, operational quantities such as the amount of randomness that can be extracted from a given source or the amount of space needed to store given data are normally characterized by one of two entropy measures, called smooth min-entropy and smooth max-entropy, respectively. While both entropies are equal to the von Neumann entropy in certain special cases (e.g., asymptotically, for many independent repetitions of the given data), their values can differ arbitrarily in the general case. In this work, a recently discovered duality relation between (non-smooth) min- and max-entropies is extended to the smooth case. More precisely, it is shown that the smooth min-entropy of a system A conditioned on a system B equals the negative of the smooth max-entropy of A conditioned on a purifying system C. This result immediately implies that certain operational quantities (such as the amount of compression and the amount of randomness that can be extracted from given data) are related. Such relations may, for example, have applications in cryptographic security proofs.

Tran, NN, Pham, DH, Hoang Duong Tuan & Nguyen, HH 2009, 'Orthogonal Affine Precoding and Decoding for Channel Estimation and Source Detection in MIMO Frequency-Selective Fading Channels', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 1151-1162.
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A new affine precoding and decoding method for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) frequency-selective fading channels is proposed. The optimal design of the affine precoder consists of a linear precoder and a training sequence, which is superimposed o

Tran, NT 2009, 'Fast and simple micro-RNA northern blots', Biochemistry Insights, vol. 2, pp. 1-3.
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RNA northern blots provide robust measurements of gene expression. The simple northern blot technique described in this report has been optimised to provide rapid, reproducible detection and analysis of mature and precursor forms of microRNAs. This protocol economises on the use of commercially available components and secondly reduces the hybridisation step to 2 hours.

Tsai, P, Cao, L, Hintz, T & Jan, T 2009, 'A bi-modal face recognition framework integrating facial expression with facial appearance', Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 1096-1109.
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Among many biometric characteristics, the facial biometric is considered to be the least intrusive technology that can be deployed in the real-world visual surveillance environment. However, in facial biometric, little research attention has been paid to facial expression changes. In fact, facial expression changes have often been treated as noise that would degrade the recognition performance. This paper studies an innovative viewpoint: (1) whether facial expression changes, namely facial behavior, can be positively used for face recognition or not? (2) furthermore, can facial behavior be integrated with facial appearance for assisting the extra-personal separation to enhance face recognition performance? We propose a bi-modal face recognition framework which integrates facial expression with facial appearance. Substantial experiments on multiple facial appearance and facial expression data have been conducted. Our experimental results have validated that facial behavior can play a positive role in face recognition and can assist facial appearance in extra-personal separation in multiple modalities for personal identification improvement.

Upitis, A, Peterson, J, Lukey, C & Nghiem, LD 2009, 'Metallic ion extraction using polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs): Optimising physical strength and extraction rate', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 6, no. 1-3, pp. 41-47.
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Valdés-Mora, F, Gómez del Pulgar, T, Bandrés, E, Cejas, P, Ramírez de Molina, A, Pérez-Palacios, R, Gallego-Ortega, D, García-Cabezas, MA, Casado, E, Larrauri, J, Nistal, M, González-Barón, M, García-Foncillas, J & Lacal, JC 2009, 'TWIST1 Overexpression is Associated with Nodal Invasion and Male Sex in Primary Colorectal Cancer', Annals of Surgical Oncology, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 78-87.
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van Boerdonk, K, Tieben, R, Klooster, S & van den Hoven, E 2009, 'Contact through canvas: an entertaining encounter', PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 551-567.
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When meeting someone new, the first impression is often influenced by someoneâs physical appearance and other types of prejudice. In this paper, we present TouchMeDare, an interactive canvas, which aims to provide an experience when meeting new people, while preventing visual prejudice and lowering potential thresholds. The focus of the designed experience was to stimulate people to get acquainted through the interactive canvas. TouchMeDare consists of a flexible, opaque canvas, which plays music when touched simultaneously from both sides. Dynamic variation of this bodily contact is reflected through real-time adaptations of the musical compositions. Two redesigns were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated and a final version was placed in the Lowlands Festival as a case study. Evaluation results showed that some explanation was needed for the initial interaction with the installation. On the other hand, after this initial unfamiliarity passed, results showed that making bodily contact through the installation did help people to get acquainted with each other and increased their social interaction.

Vessalas, K, Ray, AS, Thomas, P, Sri Ravindrarajah, R, Joyce, PA & Haggman, J 2009, 'Pitchstone Fines - A New Naturally Occuring Pozzolan from North Queensland', Concrete Forum, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 11-15.
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Global warming presents an ever-challenging battle to humankind, as emissions arising from industrially produced gteenhouse gases are predicted to alter the long-term climatic patterns of earth. Harmful environmental emissions arising during the manufactute of Portland cements (C) can be effectively reduced by incorporating siliceous-aluminous based supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), as partial cement replacements. In Australia, mined pitchstone fines (PF), derived as waste material from expandable perlire production, area viable SCM for reducing cement consumption using an eco-friendly approach. This paper reports on the results of an experimental investigation into the pozzolanic activity of PP. Up to 40% cement was replaced with PF in mortar mixes. In addition, PP was used to partially replace sand. Strength activity index (SM) values for PP were evaluated using accelerated 28-day compressive strengths for all PP substitution levels, with flows and wet densities of mortar mixes reported.

Vessalas, K, Thomas, PS, Ray, AS, Guerbois, J-P, Joyce, P & Haggman, J 2009, 'Pozzolanic reactivity of the supplementary cementitious material pitchstone fines by thermogravimetric analysis', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 97, no. 1, pp. 71-76.
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Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis was applied to the characterisation of the pozzolanic reaction in mortars containing the supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) pitchstone fines (PF) and fly ash (FA) as partial replacements for Portland cement (PC). TG analysis was used to determine the proportion of calcium hydroxide (CH) present from the hydration of the PC based on the dehydroxylation of the CH present in the blended PC-SCM mortars. The consumption of CH indicated that both SCMs underwent the pozzolanic reaction and that PF was found to compare favourably in its pozzolanic reactivity of FA, the industry and globally accepted standard artificial pozzolan.

VEXLER, A & WU, C 2009, 'An Optimal Retrospective Change Point Detection Policy', Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 542-558.
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Since the middle of the twentieth century, the problem of making inferences about the point in a surveyed series of observations at which the underlying distribution changes has been extensively addressed in the economics, biostatistics and statistics literature. Cumulative sum-type statistics have commonly been thought to play a central role in non-sequential change point detections. Alternatively, we present and examine an approach based on the Shiryayev-Roberts scheme. We show that retrospective change point detection policies based on Shiryayev-Roberts statistics are non-asymptotically optimal in the context of most powerful testing. © 2009 Board of the Foundation of the Scandinavian Journal of Statistics.

Vexler, A, Wu, C, Liu, A, Whitcomb, BW & Schisterman, EF 2009, 'An extension of a change-point problem', Statistics, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 213-225.
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We consider a specific classification problem in the context of change-point detection. We present generalized classical maximum likelihood tests for homogeneity of the observed sample in a simple form which avoids the complex direct estimation of unknown parameters. This paper proposes a martingale approach to transformation of test statistics. For sequential and retrospective testing problems, we propose the adapted Shiryayev-Roberts statistics in order to obtain simple tests with asymptotic power one. An important application of the developed methods is in the analysis of exposure's measurements subject to limits of detection in occupational medicine. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.

Vilariño, DL, Ferrer, DC, Sánchez, VMB, Tetzlaff, R & Lin, C-T 2009, 'CNN Technology for Spatiotemporal Signal Processing', EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2009, no. 1.
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Voinov, A & Cardwell, H 2009, 'The Energy-Water Nexus: Why Should We Care?', Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education, vol. 143, no. 1, pp. 17-29.
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Vu, NA, Castel, A & François, R 2009, 'Effect of stress corrosion cracking on stress–strain response of steel wires used in prestressed concrete beams', Corrosion Science, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 1453-1459.
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Waldron, K 2009, 'The state of the art of climbing and walking robots', Industrial Robot: An International Journal, vol. 36, no. 4.
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Waldron, KJ, Estremera, J, Csonka, PJ & Singh, SPN 2009, 'Analyzing Bounding and Galloping Using Simple Models', Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics, vol. 1, no. 1.
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This paper focuses on modeling the gait characteristics of a quadrupedal gallop. There have been a number of studies of the mechanics of the stance phase in which a foot is in contact with the ground. We seek to put these studies in the context of the stride, or overall motion cycle. The model used is theoretical, and is kept simple in the interest of transparency. It is compared to empirical data from observations of animals, and to data from experiments with robots such as our KOLT machine, and results from sophisticated simulation studies. Modeling of the energy loss inherent in the interaction between the system and the environment plays a key role in the study. Results include the discovery of a hidden symmetry in the gait pattern, usually regarded as being completely asymmetrical. Another result demonstrates that the velocities with which the two front feet impact and leave the ground are different, and similarly for the rear feet. The velocities of the foot pairs mirror each other. This is consistent with empirical observation, but is at variance with the assumption used almost universally when modeling stance. A further result elicits the importance of the pitch moment of inertia and other effects that make the mammalian architecture, in which the center of mass is closer to the shoulders than to the hips, beneficial..

Walker, R & Indraratna, B 2009, 'Consolidation analysis of a stratified soil with vertical and horizontal drainage using the spectral method', Géotechnique, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 439-449.
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A novel use of the spectral method to determine excess pore water pressure during vertical consolidation of multi-layered soil with time constant material properties is presented, considering a unit cell with combined vertical and radial drainage. Equal strain conditions are assumed in the analysis. The novel adoption of material properties that vary in a linear fashion with depth allows arbitrary distributions of properties to be modelled. By incorporating surcharge and vacuum loading that vary with both depth and time, a wide range of consolidation problems can be analysed. The spectral method is a meshless approach producing a series solution to the consolidation problem based on matrix operations. Accuracy can be improved by increasing the number of terms used in the series solution. The model is verified by the analysis of selected case studies characterised by: analytical free strain consolidation with thin sand layers (surcharge only); laboratory test and embankment trial with surcharge and vacuum loading; and ground subsidence caused by groundwater pumping.

Walker, R, Indraratna, B & Sivakugan, N 2009, 'Vertical and Radial Consolidation Analysis of Multilayered Soil Using the Spectral Method', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 135, no. 5, pp. 657-663.
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Wang, C, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2009, 'Web ontology data matching for integration: method and framework', International Journal of Web Information Systems, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 220-238.
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PurposeMatching relevant ontology data for integration is vitally important as the amount of ontology data increases along with the evolving Semantic web, in which data are published from different individuals or organizations in a decentralized environment. For any domain that has developed a suitable ontology, its ontology annotated data (or simply ontology data) from different sources often overlaps and needs to be integrated. The purpose of this paper is to develop intelligent web ontology data matching method and framework for data integration.Design/methodology/approachThis paper develops an intelligent matching method to solve the issue of ontology data matching. Based on the matching method, it also proposes a flexible peer‐to‐peer framework to address the issue of ontology data integration in a distributed Semantic web environment.FindingsThe proposed matching method is different from existing data matching or merging methods applied to data warehouse in that it employs a machine learning approach and more similarity measurements by exploring ontology features.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed method and framework will be further tested for some more complicated real cases in the future.Originality/valueThe experiments show that this proposed intelligent matching method increases ontology data matching accuracy.

Wang, F, Younis, O & Krunz, M 2009, 'Throughput-oriented MAC for mobile ad hoc networks: A game-theoretic approach', Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 98-117.
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Wang, L, Dimitrijev, S, Han, J, Iacopi, F & Zou, J 2009, 'Transition between amorphous and crystalline phases of SiC deposited on Si substrate using H3SiCH3', Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 311, no. 19, pp. 4442-4446.
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Wang, L, Su, SW, Celler, BG, Chan, GSH, Cheng, TM & Savkin, AV 2009, 'Assessing the human cardiovascular response to moderate exercise: feature extraction by support vector regression', PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 227-244.
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This study aims to quantitatively describe the steady-state relationships among percentage changes in key central cardiovascular variables (i.e. stroke volume, heart rate (HR), total peripheral resistance and cardiac output), measured using non-invasive means, in response to moderate exercise, and the oxygen uptake rate, using a new nonlinear regression approachâsupport vector regression.

WANG, L, WU, Q, LI, M, GONZÀLEZ, J & GENG, XIN 2009, 'EDITORIAL', International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 23, no. 07, pp. 1221-1222.
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Wang, L, Wu, Q, Wang, H, Geng, X & Li, M 2009, 'Image/video-based pattern analysis and HCI applications', Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 1047-1047.
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Wang, Y, Zhu, X, Hao, H & Ou, J 2009, 'Guided wave propagation and spectral element method for debonding damage assessment in RC structures', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 324, no. 3-5, pp. 751-772.
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Wang, ZY, Joshi, SC, Lam, YC & Chen, X 2009, 'End pressure corrections in capillary rheometry of concentrated suspensions', Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 114, no. 3, pp. 1738-1745.
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Wang, ZY, Lam, YC, Joshi, SC & Chen, X 2009, 'Determination of pressure drop for concentrated suspension in a capillary flow', Polymer Composites, pp. NA-NA.
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Watt, DJ, Kayis, B & Willey, K 2009, 'Identifying key factors in the evaluation of tenders for projects and services', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 250-260.
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Clients select contractors on the basis of the relative importance of tender evaluation criteria, such as, experience, expertise, past performance, and cost. This paper presents the results of a recent study that sought to identify a suite of representative (principal) tender evaluation and contractor selection criteria for use in future research. The study included an examination of management literature on contractor selection and tender evaluation, and an exploratory survey. For each we developed a separate master list and mapped all identified and reported criteria into one of 16 defined categories. Threshold tests were applied to identify common and unique categories and an absolute difference test to determine the principal categories of criteria used in the evaluation of tenders. The study, using a pragmatic and heuristic approach, resulted in the identification of eight principal categories suitable for our research program. The findings indicate that the preferred criteria for evaluating tenders are those which provide a measure of contractors' ability in terms of their management and technical capability, past experience and performance, reputation, and the proposed method of delivery or technical solution.

Wei, D, Huang, J, Zhang, A, Jiang, Z, Tieu, AK, Wu, F, Shi, X & Jiao, S 2009, 'Deformation of oxide scale and surface roughness transfer during hot rolling of stainless steel 304L', International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering, vol. 3, no. 5/6, pp. 459-459.
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The oxidation characteristic of stainless steel 304L in humid air and the deformation behaviour of the oxide scale during hot rolling at 1050 degrees C were investigated. The surface roughness transfer during hot rolling was discussed. With ail increase of reduction, the oxide scale thickness decreases linearly, the Surface roughness also decreases obviously and the integrity of oxide scale increases. The thickness decrease of thick oxide scale is more rapid than a thin oxide scale. The surface roughness always decreases with an increase of reduction, and the oxide scale thickness affects the surface roughness transfer during hot rolling.

Wei, DB, Huang, JX, Zhang, AW, Jiang, ZY, Tieu, AK, Shi, X, Jiao, SH & Qu, XY 2009, 'Study on the oxidation of stainless steels 304 and 304L in humid air and the friction during hot rolling', WEAR, vol. 267, no. 9-10, pp. 1741-1745.
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In rolling process, the contact friction is of crucial importance for accurate modeling, optimum design and control of industrial rolling processes. It is important to characterize the features of the oxide scale of stainless steel in hot strip rolling because the scale on the strip surface affects friction coefficient and thermal conductivity coefficient. To some extent, the rolling force and friction condition depend on the thickness and the microstructure of the oxide scale. Oxidation tests of stainless steels 304 and 304L were carried out in a high temperature electric resistance furnace. The humid air in which the water vapour content can be controlled was generated and remained to flow into the chamber of the furnace in 2.5 x 10(-4) m(3)/s to study the effect of humidity on the oxidation of stainless steels. The microstructure and thickness of oxide scale layer of stainless steels were obtained and two or three oxide layers can be found. The humid air has a significant effect on the growth of oxide scale. Hot rolling tests were carried out on Hille 100 rolling mill. The friction condition at the roll-strip interface during hot rolling of stainless steel was determined and the transfer of surface roughness was discussed.

Wei, DB, Jiang, ZY, Lu, C, Tang, Y & Tieu, AK 2009, 'Experimental study of the effects of rough texture on surface deformation during cold metal forming', Wear, vol. 267, no. 9-10, pp. 1746-1751.
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Both longitudinal and transverse frictions arising from plane strain during cold metal forming are of crucial importance for the accurate modelling, optimum design, and control of industrial processes. However, the influence of the friction and roughness along the transverse direction has been neglected in much previous research. Oblique roughness textures are considered, and the scale of roughness asperities is enlarged in this study. Four types of prism patterns, in which the angles between the longitudinal direction and the top line of prism are 90 degrees, 60 degrees, 30 degrees, and 0 degrees, and three types of pyramid patterns, in which the top angles are 151.9 degrees, 161.1 degrees, and 168.6 degrees, were designed and manufactured using samples of annealed Al 6060T5. All compression tests were completed in 10 passes, and the total displacement of the pressure head was 5.4 mm. The first five passes were carried out on an Instron 8033 Materials Testing Machine, and the last five passes on a 500-ton compression-testing machine. The surface morphologies of the deformed peak were analysed, and the top areas of the deformed peak were measured. The effects of the angle between the longitudinal direction and the top line of the prism texture or the top angle of the pyramid texture on the surface morphology of the deformed peak are not obvious. The angles have a relatively significant effect on the deformation behaviour of the surface layer during cold metal forming when the deformation is small. The pattern with a top angle of 161.1 degrees, which is the closest to the real value, shows the highest deformation resistance when the displacement of the pressure head is less than 1.2 mm. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Weily, AR & Jay Guo, Y 2009, 'Circularly Polarized Ellipse-Loaded Circular Slot Array for Millimeter-Wave WPAN Applications', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 2862-2870.
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A circularly polarized slot array suitable for millimeter wave WPAN applications is presented. The array uses a new type of circularly polarized element, comprising a circular slot loaded with an elliptical patch, and is fed by a microstrip line. The array is implemented on liquid crystal polymer (LCP), which is both low-loss and low-cost. A total of 8 array elements are used in a 4 × 2 configuration to achieve a maximum gain target of greater than 14 dBic. Sequential rotation of the elements within each of the 2 × 2 sub-arrays is used to increase the axial ratio bandwidth. Other novel features of the array are the finite ground plane, and open cavity structure used to support the LCP substrate of the slot array above a reflector plate. Measured and computed results presented for the packaged array confirm its wide impedance, axial ratio, and gain bandwidths. The effect of the packaged array back-short on the measured axial ratio is also discussed. © 2009 IEEE.

Wen, H, Lin, C, Chen, Z-J, Yin, H, He, T & Dutkiewicz, E 2009, 'An Improved Markov Model for IEEE 802.15.4 Slotted CSMA/CA Mechanism', Journal of Computer Science and Technology, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 495-504.
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IEEE 802.15.4 protocol is proposed to meet the low latency and energy consumption needs in low-rate wireless applications, however, few analytical models are tractable enough for comprehensive evaluation of the protocol. To evaluate the IEEE 802.15.4 slotted CSMA/CA channel access mechanism in this paper, we propose a practical and accurate discrete Markov chain model, which can dynamically represent different network loads. By computing the steady-state distribution probability of the Markov chain, we obtain an evaluation formula for throughput, energy consumption, and access latency. Then we further analyze the parameters that influence performance including packet arrival rate, initial backoff exponent and maximum backoff number. Finally, NS2 simulator has been used to evaluate the performance of the 802.15.4 CSMA/CA mechanism under different scenarios and to validate the accuracy of the proposed model. © 2009 Springer.

Willey, K & Gardner, A 2009, 'Developing team skills with self‐ and peer assessment', Campus-Wide Information Systems, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 365-378.
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PurposeSelf‐ and peer assessment has proved effective in promoting the development of teamwork and other professional skills in undergraduate students. However, in previous research approximately 30 percent of students reported that its use produced no perceived improvement in their teamwork experience. It was hypothesised that a significant number of these students were probably members of a team that would have functioned well without self‐ and peer assessment and hence the process did not improve their teamwork experience. This paper aims to report the testing of this hypothesis.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews some of the literature on self‐ and peer assessment, outlines the online self‐ and peer assessment tool SPARKPLUS, and analyses the results of a post‐subject survey of students in a large multi‐disciplinary engineering design subject.FindingsIt was found that students who were neutral as to whether self‐ and peer assessment improved their teamwork experience cannot be assumed to be members of well‐functioning teams.Originality/valueTo increase the benefits for all students it is recommended that self‐ and peer assessment focuses on collaborative peer learning, not just assessment of team contributions. Furthermore, it is recommended that feedback sessions be focused on learning not just assessment outcomes and graduate attribute development should be recorded and tracked by linking development to categories required for professional accreditation.

Willey, K & Gardner, A 2009, 'Improving self‐ and peer assessment processes with technology', Campus-Wide Information Systems, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 379-399.
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PurposeAs a way of focusing curriculum development and learning outcomes universities have introduced graduate attributes, which their students should develop during their degree course. Some of these attributes are discipline‐specific, others are generic to all professions. The development of these attributes can be promoted by the careful use of self‐ and peer assessment. The authors have previously reported using the self‐ and peer assessment software tool SPARK in various contexts to facilitate opportunities to practise, develop, assess and provide feedback on these attributes. This research and that of the other developers identified the need to extend the features of SPARK, to increase its flexibility and capacity to provide feedback. This paper seeks to report the results of the initial trials to investigate the potential of these new features to improve learning outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews some of the key literature with regard to self‐ and peer assessment, discusses the main aspects of the original online self‐ and peer assessment tool SPARK and the new version SPARKPLUS, reports and analyses the results of a series of student surveys to investigate whether the new features and applications of the tool have improved the learning outcomes in a large multi‐disciplinary Engineering Design subject.FindingsIt was found that using self‐ and peer assessment in conjunction with collaborative peer learning activities increased the benefits to students and improved engagement. Furthermore it was found that the new features available in SPARKPLUS facilitated efficient implementation of additional self‐ and peer assessment processes (asses...

Wirth, MA, Klotz, C, Deffenbaugh, DL, McNulty, D, Richards, L & Tipper, JL 2009, 'Cross-linked glenoid prosthesis: A wear comparison to conventional glenoid prosthesis with wear particulate analysis', Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 130-137.
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Wolf, SJ, Wakelin, LPG, He, Z, Stewart, BW & Catchpoole, DR 2009, 'In vitro assessment of novel transcription inhibitors and topoisomerase poisons in rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines', Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 1059-1069.
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Purpose: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. Current chemotherapy regimes include the topoisomerase II poison etoposide and the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D. Poor clinical response necessitate identification of new agents to improve patient outcomes. Methods: We assessed the in vitro cytotoxicity (MTT assay) of DNA intercalating agents in five established human RMS cell lines. These include novel classes of transcription inhibitors and topoisomerase poisons, previously shown to have potential as anti-cancer agents. Results: Amongst the former agents, bisintercalating bis(9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamides) linked through the 9-position, and bis(phenazine-1-carboxamides) linked via their side chains, are compared with established transcription inhibitors. Amongst the latter, monofunctional acridine-4-carboxamides related to N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl] acridine-4-carboxamide, DACA, are compared with established topoisomerase poisons. Conclusions: Our findings specifically highlight the topoisomerase poison 9-amino-DACA, its 5-methylsulphone derivative, AS-DACA, and the bis(phenazine-1-carboxamide) transcription inhibitor MLN944/XR5944, currently in phase I trial, as candidates for further research into new agents for the treatment of RMS. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.

Wong, MCS, Lee, A, Sun, J, Stewart, D, Cheng, FFK, Kan, W & Ho, M 2009, 'A comparative study on resilience level between WHO health promoting schools and other schools among a Chinese population', Health Promotion International, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 149-155.
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Wong, MCS, Sun, J, Lee, A, Stewart, D, Cheng, FFK, Kan, W & Ho, M 2009, 'The impact of a newly designed resilience-enhancing programme on parent- and teacher-perceived resilience environment among Health Promoting Schools in Hong Kong', Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 209-214.
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Wong, MHW, Dobbins, TA, Tseung, J, Tran, N, Lee, CS, O'Brien, CJ, Clark, J & Rose, BR 2009, 'Oestrogen receptor   expression in pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland', Journal of Clinical Pathology, vol. 62, no. 9, pp. 789-793.
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Aims: Pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary gland have gender and age distributions suggesting that oestrogen has a causal role. However, oestrogen receptor (ER)alpha is expressed at low levels in normal salivary gland tissues and data from salivary gland

Wood, MDK, Liyong Tong, Quantian Luo, Xiannian Sun, Katzos, A & Rispler, AR 2009, 'Failure of Stitched Composite L-Joints Under Tensile Loading — Experiment and Simulation', Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 715-742.
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This article presents an experimental and numerical investigation into the influence of transverse stitching on failure of composite L-joints under tensile loading. Six unstitched and six stitched L-joint specimens were manufactured and tested under quasi static tensile loading. It was observed that the average measured failure load and the associated crosshead displacement for the stitched L-joint specimens are increased significantly compared to those for the unstitched specimens. Full 3D and 2D plane strain finite element (FE) models were developed to simulate both stitched and unstitched L-joints with an implemented stitch element. The load—displacement curves and results predicted via FE models compare favorably with the experimental results. For the stitched L-joints, it is shown that the observed delamination in the elbow region of the flange can be modeled by using a softening model for epoxy layer.

Wu, C, Chen, W & Oehlers, DJ 2009, '10.4028/0-87849-349-2.795', Key Engineering Materials, vol. 400-402, pp. 795-800.
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Currently, there are adequate guidelines available for FRP retrofitting RC structures against static and seismic loads. However, there is still limited information on retrofitting RC structures against short-duration dynamic loading effects such as blast loading. Due to the increasing threat of terrorism in recent years, retrofitting of RC structures against blast loading is of paramount importance in structural engineering. In this paper, a dynamic model that is based on single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) approach is developed for the analysis of the response of retrofitted fixed end supported RC slabs subjected to blast loads. A previously validated layered capacity analysis method is used to determine the yielded and ultimate blast resistant capacity of a cross-section of a RC slab which allows varying strain rates with time along the depth of the member. The corresponding deflections are determined by plastic hinge analysis. To simplify the calculation process, a tri-linear resistance-deflection function which consists of elastic, elasto-plastic and plastic region for fixed end supported RC slabs is converted to an equivalent bilinear function. This developed model can adequately predict the retrofitted members' response to blast loading. It is then is used to conduct a parametric study to optimise the retrofitting of RC slabs subjected to blast loading by varying the quantity, material type and technique of retrofitting.

Wu, C, Nurwidayati, R & Oehlers, DJ 2009, 'Fragmentation from spallation of RC slabs due to airblast loads', International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 1371-1376.
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Wu, C, Oehlers, DJ & Day, I 2009, 'Layered Blast Capacity Analysis of FRP Retrofitted RC Member', Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 435-449.
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Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) retrofitting of RC structures against blast loading is an emerging research area of major significance. Currently, several guidelines are available for the FRP retrofitting of RC structures against monotonic and seismic loads. However, no advice is provided from these guidelines for the retrofit RC structures against blast loading. This paper formulates a layered model that allows for both FRP strengthening and the consideration of strain rate effects on the blast resistant capacity of flexural structural members. The layered model is incorporated into a single degree of freedom model for dynamic analyses and it is validated with blast tests. The validated model is then used in a parametric study which investigates the changes in strength, ductility and energy absorption capacities of flexural FRP strengthened members under blast loads. It is found that the capacity of a flexural member to resist a blast load can be increased greatly with the use of compressive face plating with the ductility of the flexural member being the key factor.

Wu, C, Oehlers, DJ, Rebentrost, M & Leach, J 2009, '10.4028/0-87849-349-2.107', Key Engineering Materials, vol. 400-402, pp. 107-112.
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Displacement-controlled design method is now being used by current guidelines such as TM5 and ASCE to design RC members against airblast load. If the maximum deflection of the designed member under airblast loads is less than the allowable deflection, the designed member is considered to be safe. Although the displacement-controlled design method is easy to use, it may not result in a design having maximum energy-absorption capacity against airblast loads, especially for a design of a reinforced ultra-high performance fibre concrete (RUHPFC) member which is of both high strength and high ductility, that is, high energy-absorption capacity. In this paper, a layered analysis model allowing for varying strain rates with time as well as along the depth of the member was used to calculate energy-ab sorption of a simple supported RUHPFC slab under airblast loads. An optimal reinforcement ratio of the slab was achieved by maximizing the energy absorption of the slab under different reinforcement ratios. The energy-controlled design method was validated by field blast tests. Using the validated design method, a designed slab with the optimal reinforcement ratio was also tested and the effectiveness of the design was demonstrated.

Wu, C, Oehlers, DJ, Rebentrost, M, Leach, J & Whittaker, AS 2009, 'Blast testing of ultra-high performance fibre and FRP-retrofitted concrete slabs', Engineering Structures, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 2060-2069.
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Wu, D, Liu, X, Wang, L, Wang, L, Xu, M, Sun, T, Yang, Z & Zhou, J 2009, 'QSARs on the Depuration Rate Constants of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons inElliptio complanata', QSAR & Combinatorial Science, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 537-541.
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WU, S & QIU, X 2009, 'A Windowing Frequency Domain Adaptive Filter for Acoustic Echo Cancellation', IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, vol. E92-A, no. 10, pp. 2626-2628.
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Wuthnow, A & Deuse, J 2009, 'Systematische Nivellierung von Wertströmen', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 104, no. 4, pp. 229-234.
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Kurzfassung Im Toyota Production System bildet die Nivellierung der Produktion die Basis für kontinuierliche Verbesserung. Jedoch fehlen hinsichtlich der Nivellierung bis dato die notwendige methodische Durchdringung und das Verständnis bezüglich der Anwendung, um die wesentlichen Voraussetzungen für ein verbesserungsfähiges Umfeld zu schaffen. In diesem Artikel wird eine Methodik zur Nivellierung vorgestellt, die verschiedene Methoden vereint und ergänzt, um Unternehmen durch den Umsetzungsprozess zu führen. Die Methodik dient als Leitfaden und zeigt neben der systematischen Vorgehensweise auch die Integration in einen geführten Verbesserungsprozess auf. Der erste Teil dieser Arbeit stellt die theoretischen Grundlagen dar und beschreibt die Notwendigkeit der Definition einer Regelsystematik. Teil zwei erläutert die drei Hauptstufen der Methodik mit ihren Primärmerkmalen und fokussiert dabei die möglichen Arten der Umsetzung.

Xu, YL, Zhang, J, Li, JC & Xia, Y 2009, 'Experimental Investigation on Statistical Moment-based Structural Damage Detection Method', Structural Health Monitoring, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 555-571.
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Although vibration-based structural damage detection methods have demonstrated various degrees of success, the damage detection of civil structures still remains as a challenging task. The main obstacles include the insensitivity to local damage and the high sensitivity to measurement noise. A new structural damage detection method based on the statistical moments of dynamic responses of a structure has been recently proposed by the authors, and the numerical study manifested that the proposed method is sensitive to local structural damage but insensitive to measurement noise. The experimental investigation on this method is presented in this article. Three shear building models with and without damage were built and subjected to ground motions generated by a shaking table. The displacement and acceleration responses of each building model at each floor were recorded. The recorded ground motion and building responses as well as identified structural damping ratios were then used to identify damage locations and severities using the statistical moment-based damage detection method. The identified damage locations and severities were compared with the theoretical values. The comparison is found satisfactory, and the method proposed is effective and feasible.

Yang, D, Liu, X, Jin, Y, Zhu, Y, Zeng, D, Jiang, X & Ma, H 2009, 'Electrospinning of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanofibrous Membrane: Fabrication and Application in Protein Microarrays', Biomacromolecules, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 3335-3340.
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Yang, G, Zhang, Y, Lei, G, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2009, 'A Novel Superposition RBF Collocation Method to Solve Moving Conductor Eddy Current Problems', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 3977-3980.
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This paper presents a novel radial basis function (RBF) collocation method to solve the moving conductor eddy current problem. The magnetic field is considered an addition of two fields generated respectively by the excitation current and the eddy current according to the source superposition principle. The corresponding governing equations are decoupled and solved with the RBF. Moving coordinate systems in which the separate fields are computed are also constructed to avoid the model reconfiguration caused by the motion. Electromagnetic field equations are analyzed with kinetic equations and circuit equations together to simulate the motion process. A practical engineering problem is computed to verify the method.

Yang, Y, Guo, T, Zhuang, Y & Wang, W 2009, 'Cross-media retrieval based on synthesis reasoning model', Jisuanji Fuzhu Sheji Yu Tuxingxue Xuebao/Journal of Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics, vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 1307-1314.
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To gain better cross-media retrieval performance, it is crucial to mine the semantic correlations among the heterogeneous multimedia data. In this paper, we adopt the synthesis reasoning model as the underlying mechanism to mining the multimedia semantics for cross-media retrieval. We construct the synthesis reasoning sources according to the multimedia object low-level features and the reasoning source intensity field according to the multimedia co-existence information. A series of multimedia semantic spaces are built by spectral method after synthesis reasoning. The cross-media retrieval is performed on a per-query basis by which different retrieval methods are adopted for different queries. Both short term and long term relevance feedback are learned to introduce the new multimedia objects into the multimedia semantic spaces which were not in the training set, to refine the reasoning result. Experimental results show that the proposed methods can be used to accurately mine the multimedia semantics and the approach of cross-media retrieval is accurate and stable.

Yang, Z, Ding, G, Cai, H, Xu, X, Wang, H & Zhao, X 2009, 'Analysis and elimination of the ‘skip contact’ phenomenon in an inertial micro-switch for prolonging its contact time', Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 045017-045017.
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Yao, AM, Keen, SAJ, Burnham, DR, Leach, J, Leonardo, RD, McGloin, D & Padgett, MJ 2009, 'Underdamped modes in a hydrodynamically coupled microparticle system', New Journal of Physics, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 053007-053007.
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Yeo, LP, Joshi, SC, Lam, YC, Chan-Park, MB & Hardt, DE 2009, 'Numerical analyses of peel demolding for UV embossing of high aspect ratio micro-patterning', Microsystem Technologies, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 581-593.
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Yi Wang, Jianguo Zhu, Shuhong Wang, Youguang Guo & Wei Xu 2009, 'Nonlinear Magnetic Model of Surface Mounted PM Machines Incorporating Saturation Saliency', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 4684-4687.
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In this paper a comprehensive nonlinear model of surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM) is proposed considering both the structural and the saturation saliencies to enable the numerical simulation of new rotor position detection algorithms. With an identifiable parameter matrix, a numerical nonlinear inductance model is developed, in which the rotor position and the stator current are taken as the variables. After experimentally identifying out all the parameters, a nonlinear mathematic model of SPMSM is built up. With all the machine dimensions and physical parameters, finite-element analysis (FEA) is applied to calculate the magnetic field of the machine. FEA and performance simulation results are used to verify the new nonlinear model, which can be further used as a virtual model to develop, simulate, and verify the saturation saliency detection strategies.

Ying, M & Feng, Y 2009, 'An Algebraic Language for Distributed Quantum Computing', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 728-743.
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A classical circuit can be represented by a circuit graph or equivalently by a Boolean expression. The advantage of a circuit graph is that it can help us to obtain an intuitive understanding of the circuit under consideration, whereas the advantage of a Boolean expression is that it is suited to various algebraic manipulations. In the literature, however, quantum circuits are mainly drawn as circuit graphs, and a formal language for quantum circuits that has a function similar to that of Boolean expressions for classical circuits is still missing. Certainly, quantum circuit graphs will become unmanageable when complicated quantum computing problems are encountered, and in particular, when they have to be solved by employing the distributed paradigm where complex quantum communication networks are involved. In this paper, we design an algebraic language for formally specifying quantum circuits in distributed quantum computing. Using this language, quantum circuits can be represented in a convenient and compact way, similar to the way in which we use Boolean expressions in dealing with classical circuits. Moreover, some fundamental algebraic laws for quantum circuits expressed in this language are established. These laws form a basis of rigorously reasoning about distributed quantum computing and quantum communication protocols.

Ying, M, Feng, Y, Duan, R & Ji, Z 2009, 'An Algebra of Quantum Processes', ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL LOGIC, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1-36.
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We introduce an algebra qCCS of pure quantum processes in which communications by moving quantum states physically are allowed and computations are modeled by super-operators, but no classical data is explicitly involved. An operational semantics of qCCS is presented in terms of (nonprobabilistic) labeled transition systems. Strong bisimulation between processes modeled in qCCS is defined, and its fundamental algebraic properties are established, including uniqueness of the solutions of recursive equations. To model sequential computation in qCCS, a reduction relation between processes is defined. By combining reduction relation and strong bisimulation we introduce the notion of strong reduction-bisimulation, which is a device for observing interaction of computation and communication in quantum systems. Finally, a notion of strong approximate bisimulation (equivalently, strong bisimulation distance) and its reduction counterpart are introduced. It is proved that both approximate bisimilarity and approximate reduction-bisimilarity are preserved by various constructors of quantum processes. This provides us with a formal tool for observing robustness of quantum processes against inaccuracy in the implementation of its elementary gates.

Ying, Z & Zhu, X 2009, 'Response analysis of piezoelectric shells in plane strain under random excitations', Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 152-160.
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Yong Zhang, Guangyuan Yang, Shao, KR, Youguang Guo, Jianguo Zhu & Lavers, JD 2009, 'Multiscale Combined Radial Basis Function Collocation Method for Eddy Currents Analysis in High-Speed Moving Conductors', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 3973-3976.
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A novel multiscale combined radial basis function (RBF) collocation method, as a truly meshless method, is presented to overcome the shortage of general RBF collocation method and is applied to analyze eddy currents in high-speed moving conductors in this paper. A typical example is set here to illustrate the accuracy and affectivity of the proposed method, including a comparison with general RBF collocation method and finite element method (FEM).

Youssef, AM, Pradhan, B, Gaber, AFD & Buchroithner, MF 2009, 'Geomorphological hazard analysis along the Egyptian Red Sea coast between Safaga and Quseir', Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 751-766.
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Abstract. Geomophological hazard assessment is an important component of natural hazard risk assessment. This paper presents GIS-based geomorphological hazard mapping in the Red Sea area between Safaga and Quseir, Egypt. This includes the integration of published geological, geomorphological, and other data into GIS, and generation of new map products, combining governmental concerns and legal restrictions. Detailed geomorphological hazard maps for flooding zones and earth movement potential, especially along the roads and railways, have been prepared. Further the paper illustrates the application of vulnerability maps dealing with the effect of hazard on urban areas, tourist villages, industrial facilities, quarries, and road networks. These maps can help to initiate appropriate measures to mitigate the probable hazards in the area.

Yu, K & Guo, YJ 2009, 'Anchor Global Position Accuracy Enhancement Based on Data Fusion', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 1616-1623.
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The location information of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks is crucial for various applications such as emergency rescue operations, environmental monitoring, home automation, and traffic control. In this paper, a new method to improve the anchor location accuracy in wireless sensor networks is proposed based on fusion of Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements and anchor-to-anchor parameter estimates. Novel algorithms are derived to increase the accuracy of anchor locations using both anchor-to-anchor distance and angle-of-arrival (AOA) estimates for both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) scenarios. When using anchor-to-anchor distance estimates in LOS conditions, an optimization-based algorithm is developed. The Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is derived to benchmark positioning accuracy in 3-D environments with both GPS measurements and anchor-to-anchor parameter estimates, which has not been studied in the literature. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can substantially improve anchor position accuracy, and the performance of the proposed algorithms approaches the CRLB. © 2008 IEEE.

Yu, K & Guo, YJ 2009, 'Anchor-free localisation algorithm and performance analysis in wireless sensor networks', IET Communications, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 549-549.
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A hybrid anchor-free localisation scheme for multihop wireless sensor networks is presented. First, a relatively dense group of nodes is selected as a base, which are localised by using the multidimensional scaling method. Secondly, the robust quads (RQ) method is employed to localise other nodes, following which the robust triangle and radio range (RTRR) approach is used to perform the localisation task. The RQ and the RTRR methods are used alternately until no more nodes can be localised by the two approaches. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid localisation algorithm performs well in terms of both accuracy and the success rate of localisation. To evaluate the accuracy of anchor-free localisation algorithms, the authors derive two different accuracy measures: the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) to benchmark the coordinate estimation errors and the approximate lower bound to benchmark the distance errors. Simulation results demonstrate that both the CRLB and the distance error lower bound provide references for the accuracy of the location algorithms. © 2009 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

Yu, K & Guo, YJ 2009, 'Statistical NLOS Identification Based on AOA, TOA, and Signal Strength', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 274-286.
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Nonline-of-sight (NLOS) propagation is one of the challenges in radio positioning. Significant attention has been drawn to the mitigation of the NLOS effect in recent years. This paper focuses on the identification of NLOS conditions by employing the statistical decision theory. A Neyman-Pearson (NP) test method is first derived for scenarios where either 1-D or 2-D angular measurements are provided. A time-of-arrival (TOA) based method is then developed under idealized conditions to provide a performance reference. In the presence of both TOA and received signal strength (RSS) measurements, a joint identification method is derived to efficiently exploit the TOA and RSS measurements. Analytical expressions of the probability of detection (POD) and the probability of false alarm (PFA) are derived for all the scenarios considered. Two theorems and one corollary regarding the line-of-sight (LOS) conditions based on the angle of arrival (AOA) are also presented, and the proofs are provided. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methods perform well, and the joint TOA- and RSS-based method considerably outperforms the TOA-based methods. The proposed methods are robust to the model errors, as demonstrated through simulations. It is also shown that the analytical results agree well with the simulated ones. © 2009 IEEE.

Yu, K, Guo, YJ & Hedley, M 2009, 'TOA-based distributed localisation with unknown internal delays and clock frequency offsets in wireless sensor networks', IET Signal Processing, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 106-106.
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Locating sensor nodes in an ad hoc wireless sensor network (WSN) is a challenging task. In general, the network nodes are not synchronised and the internal delays within the nodes are unknown. Here, time-of-arrival (TOA)-based localisation is investigated when practical parameters such as clock time offset, clock frequency offset and system internal delay are all involved. The TOA measurements are made between each pair of nodes that are within radio range. First, an efficient frequency offset (FO) estimation algorithm is derived. Then, a two-stage localisation scheme is proposed. In the first stage, localisation starts from the nodes with the largest numbers of neighbouring anchors and priority is always given to nodes with more neighbouring anchors and/or localised nodes. In the second stage, the locations of all neighbouring nodes are exploited to improve location accuracy. Two iterative algorithms are developed: the Taylor series-based least squares (TS-LS) method and the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) optimisation method. During the localisation process, a number of measures are taken to ensure the reliability of each location estimate to avoid abnormal errors and reduce error propagation. The Cramer-Rao lower bound is also derived to benchmark the location accuracy. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2009.

Yu, N, Chitambar, E, Guo, C & Duan, R 2009, 'The Tensor Rank of the Tripartite State $\ket{W}^{\otimes n}$}', Phys. Rev. A, vol. 81, no. 1, p. 014301.
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Tensor rank refers to the number of product states needed to express a given multipartite quantum state. Its non-additivity as an entanglement measure has recently been observed. In this note, we estimate the tensor rank of multiple copies of the tripartite state $\ket{W}=\tfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}(\ket{100}+\ket{010}+\ket{001})$. Both an upper bound and a lower bound of this rank are derived. In particular, it is proven that the tensor rank of $\ket{W}^{\otimes 2}$ is seven, thus resolving a previously open problem. Some implications of this result are discussed in terms of transformation rates between $\ket{W}^{\otimes n}$ and multiple copies of the state $\ket{GHZ}=\tfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\ket{000}+\ket{111})$.

Yuan, C, Jin, Z, Tipper, JL & Yan, X 2009, 'Numerical surface characterization of wear debris from artificial joints using atomic force microscopy', Science Bulletin, vol. 54, no. 24, pp. 4583-4588.
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Yucheng Dong, Yinfeng Xu & Shui Yu 2009, 'Computing the Numerical Scale of the Linguistic Term Set for the 2-Tuple Fuzzy Linguistic Representation Model', IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 1366-1378.
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Yue Li, Archer, JW, Tello, J, Rosolen, G, Ceccato, F, Hay, SG, Hellicar, A & Guo, YJ 2009, 'Performance Evaluation of a Passive Millimeter-Wave Imager', IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 2391-2405.
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A cross-correlating 186-GHz passive millimeter-wave imager has been built. The key components in the signal processing hardware are two 186-GHz receivers and a broadband complex correlator. To evaluate the performance of this imager, its point-spread function, beam pattern, baseline vector, and their variations with the scanning direction have been experimentally measured and derived. Some of these results are needed for optimizing the imager’s parameter settings. Others are required for implementing the modulated-beam and modulated-scene algorithms proposed in a previous paper dealing with the imager’s fringe in its point-spread function. These results will also reveal any problems in the construction process of the imager. The theoretical bases for these measurements are analyzed. Novel algorithms for deriving each antenna’s point-spread function and beam pattern, as well as the imager’s baseline vector from the measurement results of the imager’s point-spread function and beam pattern are proposed and successfully applied in the measurements. Experimental results are presented and discussed. © 2009 IEEE.

Yunkai Huang, Jianguo Zhu & Youguang Guo 2009, 'Thermal Analysis of High-Speed SMC Motor Based on Thermal Network and 3-D FEA With Rotational Core Loss Included', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 4680-4683.
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This paper presents the thermal analysis of a high-speed motor with soft magnetic composite (SMC). Due to the high operation frequency, the core loss is much greater than the other losses and, hence, is the major heat source in the high-speed motor. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to be able to calculate the core loss accurately. In this paper, the rotational core-loss model is employed and implemented by using 3-D magnetic-field analysis (FEA). Two methods to model the thermal behavior are presented. The first method uses a combination of lumped and distributed thermal parameters, which are obtained from motor dimensions and thermal constants. The second method employs 3-D FEA to accurately calculate the temperature distribution. Core losses are directly coupled into the thermal calculation by keeping the same hexahedral meshing for magnetic-field analysis and thermal analysis. A testing bench for the high-speed SMC motor prototype has been set up to measure the core loss. The temperature rises were measured by thermal probes. The calculation and measurement results are compared and discussed.

Zandieh, M, Azadeh, A, Hadadi, B & Saberi, M 2009, 'Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Airline Number of Passenger Estimation in Time Series State', Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1001-1013.
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This study presents an integrated Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to estimate and predict airline number of passenger in Iran. All type of ANN-Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) is examined to this estimation. The ANN models are implemented on MATLAB software. Auto-Correlation Function (ACF) is utilized to define input variables. Finally, the best type of ANN-MLP is determined with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Kruskal-Wallis test is used for asses the impact of raw data, preprocessed data and post process method on ANN performance. Monthly airline number of passenger of Iran airline from 1993 to 2005 is considered as the case of this study. © 2009 Asian Network for Scientific Information.

Zeng, Y, Fan, H, Chiueh, G, Pham, B, Martin, R, Lechuga-Ballesteros, D, Truong, VL, Joshi, SB & Middaugh, CR 2009, 'Towards development of stable formulations of a live attenuated bacterial vaccine: A preformulation study facilitated by a biophysical approach', Human Vaccines, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 322-331.
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Zhang, G & Lu, J 2009, 'A linguistic intelligent user guide for method selection in multi-objective decision support systems', INFORMATION SCIENCES, vol. 179, no. 14, pp. 2299-2308.
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Some multi-objective decision-making (MODM) methods are more effective than others for particular decision problems and/or particular decision makers. It is therefore necessary to provide a set of MODM methods in a multi-objective decision support system (MODSS) to support a wide range of problem solving. However, it is always difficult for decision makers to select the most suitable method for individual cases because MODM methods involve a deep knowledge of mathematics. To handle this difficulty, this study develops a MODM method selection guide supported by a fuzzy matching optimization method. In this paper, we first present the modelling process for the knowledge of characteristics of the main MODM methods. We then present related matching techniques between the characteristics of a real-world decision-making situation and a set of predefined situation descriptions (characteristics of a MODM method) where the elements of the two sets may be expressed by linguistic terms. Based on this process, a fuzzy matching optimization-based MODM method selection approach is proposed. The approach applies general fuzzy numbers, fuzzy distance, fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making concepts, and rule-based inference techniques to recommend the most suitable method from a MODM method-base. The approach is adopted in a linguistic intelligent user guide within a MODSS. Experiments have shown that the development of the linguistic intelligent user guide can increase the ability of the MODSS to support decision makers in arriving at a satisfactory solution in a most effective way.

Zhang, G, Dillon, TS, Cai, K-Y, Ma, J & Lu, J 2009, 'Operation properties and delta-equalities of complex fuzzy sets', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPROXIMATE REASONING, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 1227-1249.
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A complex fuzzy set is a fuzzy set whose membership function takes values in the unit circle in the complex plane. This paper investigates various operation properties and proposes a distance measure for complex fuzzy sets. The distance of two complex fuzzy sets measures the difference between the grades of two complex fuzzy sets as well as that between the phases of the two complex fuzzy sets. This distance measure is then used to define ?-equalities of complex fuzzy sets which coincide with those of fuzzy sets already defined in the literature if complex fuzzy sets reduce to real-valued fuzzy sets. Two complex fuzzy sets are said to be ?-equal if the distance between them is less than 1-?. This paper shows how various operations between complex fuzzy sets affect given ?-equalities of complex fuzzy sets. An example application of signal detection demonstrates the utility of the concept of ?-equalities of complex fuzzy sets in practic

Zhang, G, Ma, J & Lu, J 2009, 'Emergency management evaluation by a fuzzy multi-criteria group decision support system', STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 517-527.
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Emergency risk management (ERM) is a process which involves dealing with risks to the community arising from emergency events. Emergency management evaluation as one of the important parts of ERM aims assessing and improving social preparedness and organizational ability in identifying, analyzing, and treating emergency risks. This study first develops an emergency management evaluation model. It then proposes an extended fuzzy multi-criteria group evaluation method, which can deal with both subjective and objective criteria under multi-levels by a group of evaluators, for emergency management evaluation. A fuzzy multi-criteria group decision support system (FMCGDSS) is then developed to implement the proposed method for the case of emergency operating center/system evaluation.

Zhang, H, Zhao, Y, Cao, L, Zhang, C & Bohlscheid, H 2009, 'Customer Activity Sequence Classification for Debt Prevention in Social Security', Journal of Computer Science and Technology, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 1000-1009.
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From a data mining perspective, sequence classification is to build a classifier using frequent sequential patterns. However, mining for a complete set of sequential patterns on a large dataset can be extremely time-consuming and the large number of patterns discovered also makes the pattern selection and classifier building very time-consuming. The fact is that, in sequence classification, it is much more important to discover discriminative patterns than a complete pattern set. In this paper, we propose a novel hierarchical algorithm to build sequential classifiers using discriminative sequential patterns. Firstly, we mine for the sequential patterns which are the most strongly correlated to each target class. In this step, an aggressive strategy is employed to select a small set of sequential patterns. Secondly, pattern pruning and serial coverage test are done on the mined patterns. The patterns that pass the serial test are used to build the sub-classifier at the first level of the final classifier. And thirdly, the training samples that cannot be covered are fed back to the sequential pattern mining stage with updated parameters. This process continues until predefined interestingness measure thresholds are reached, or all samples are covered. The patterns generated in each loop form the sub-classifier at each level of the final classifier. Within this framework, the searching space can be reduced dramatically while a good classification performance is achieved. The proposed algorithm is tested in a real-world business application for debt prevention in social security area. The novel sequence classification algorithm shows the effectiveness and efficiency for predicting debt occurrences based on customer activity sequence data.

Zhang, J, Luo, L & Shi, Z 2009, 'Quadrature OFDMA systems based on layered FFT structure', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 850-860.
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Zhang, JA, Kennedy, RA & Abhayapala, TD 2009, 'Reduced-Rank Shift-Invariant Technique and Its Application for Synchronization and Channel Identification in UWB Systems', EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2008, no. 1, pp. 38-38.
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Zhang, R, Castel, A & François, R 2009, 'Serviceability Limit State criteria based on steel–concrete bond loss for corroded reinforced concrete in chloride environment', Materials and Structures, vol. 42, no. 10, pp. 1407-1421.
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Zhang, R, Castel, A & François, R 2009, 'The corrosion pattern of reinforcement and its influence on serviceability of reinforced concrete members in chloride environment', Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 1077-1086.
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Zhang, R, Khorshed, C, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2009, 'Submerged microfiltration coupled with physcio-chemical processes as pretreatment to sea water desalination', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 11, no. 1-3, pp. 52-57.
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In this study, the critical fl ux of the submerged membrane system was experimentally evaluated when it was used for seawater with and without pre-treatment. In this study, different processes such as fl occulation with ferric chloride (FeCl3) and different doses of PAC adsorption were used as a pre-treatment. The pretreatment of fl occulant of 2 mg/L of FeCl3 and adsorption with the dose of 1 g/L PAC showed an improvement in the critical fl ux from 5 L/m2.h to 6.7 L/m2.h and 13.3 L/m2.h respectively. The performance of these pretreatments was also determined in terms of modifi ed fouling index using ultrafi lter membrane (UF-MFI). UF-MFI and SDI indicated that PAC adsorption was a better pretreatment than fl occulation for the seawater used in this study. Molecular weight distribution (MWD) of seawater organic matter was also examined after different pretreatments. MWD of the raw seawater was mainly in the range from 1510 to 130 Da. It is observed that FeCl3 fl occulation and PAC adsorption as pretreatments partially removed the organic matter of 1510 Da and 130Da respectively

Zhang, X, Cairns, M, Rose, B, O'Brien, C, Shannon, K, Clark, J, Gamble, J & Tran, N 2009, 'Alterations in miRNA processing and expression in pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary gland', International Journal of Cancer, vol. 124, no. 12, pp. 2855-2863.
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Genome-wide microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling of salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas revealed a distinct expression signature consisting largely of upregulated miRNAs compared with matched normal tissue. Microarray data were confirmed by quantitative

Zhang, Y & Xu, G 2009, 'On web communities mining and recommendation', Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 561-582.
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Because of the lack of a uniform schema for web documents and the sheer amount and dynamics of web data, both the effectiveness and the efficiency of information management and retrieval of web data are often unsatisfactory when using conventional data m

Zhao, HY, Zheng, W, Meng, ZX, Zhou, HM, Xu, XX, Li, Z & Zheng, YF 2009, 'Bioelectrochemistry of hemoglobin immobilized on a sodium alginate-multiwall carbon nanotubes composite film', Biosensors and Bioelectronics, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 2352-2357.
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Zhao, Y, Shapiro, D, Mcgloin, D, Chiu, DT & Marchesini, S 2009, 'Direct observation of the transfer of orbital angular momentum to metal particles from a focused circularly polarized Gaussian beam', Optics Express, vol. 17, no. 25, pp. 23316-23316.
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Zheng, Z, Lu, J, Zhang, G & He, Q 2009, 'Rule sets based bilevel decision model and algorithm', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 18-26.
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Bilevel decision addresses the problem in which two levels of decision makers, each tries to optimize their individual objectives under certain constraints, act and react in an uncooperative, sequential manner. As bilevel decision making often involves many uncertain factors in real world problems, it is hard to formulate the objective functions and constraints of the leader and the follower in modelling a real bilevel decision problem. This study explores a new approach that uses rule sets to formulate a bilevel decision problem. It first develops related theories to prove the feasibility to model a bilevel decision problem by rule sets. It then proposes an algorithm to describe the modelling process. A case study is discussed to illustrate the functions and effectiveness of the proposed rule sets based bilevel decision modelling algorithm.

Zhi Wei Lin, Jian Guo Zhu, Youguang Guo, Johansen, TH & Yoshizawa, Y 2009, 'Flux Distribution at the Cross Section of Stacked Nanostructured Magnetic Ribbon', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 3912-3914.
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Conventional magnetization methods only measure the average magnetic properties over the whole sample. The information is insufficient to understand the local character. This paper presents the visualized magnetization process and its profiles in detail at the cross section of the FINEMET ribbon using advanced magnetooptical imaging technique. External magnetic fields were applied parallel to the surface of the ribbon. A magnetization curve was plotted by interpreting the profile of intensity of magnetooptical images. The profile indicates that the flux densities are higher at the cross section of the ribbons compared with those at the gaps between the ribbons. The flux lines mainly transmit inside the FINEMET ribbons though there are some stray fields between the ribbons.

Zhou, A & Sheng, D 2009, 'Yield stress, volume change, and shear strength behaviour of unsaturated soils: validation of the SFG model', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 46, no. 9, pp. 1034-1045.
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The model recently presented by Sheng, Fredlund, and Gens, known as the SFG model, provides a consistent explanation of yield stress, shear strength, and volume change behaviour of unsaturated soils as functions of suction. All these functions are based on one single equation that defines the volume change with suction and stress changes. This paper provides a systematic validation of the equation and the derived shear strength criterion against experimental data. The experimental data used include those for samples prepared from slurry soils and compacted soils. It is shown that (i) the method currently used to determine yield stresses of unsaturated soils is incorrect, (ii) volume change behaviour of unsaturated soils can be well predicted by the SFG model, and (iii) shear strength behaviour of unsaturated soils can be represented very well by the criterion in the SFG model.

Zhou, JL, Zhang, ZL, Banks, E, Grover, D & Jiang, JQ 2009, 'Pharmaceutical residues in wastewater treatment works effluents and their impact on receiving river water', Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 166, no. 2-3, pp. 655-661.
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Various pharmaceutical residues are being discharged from wastewater treatment works (WTW) effluents, the impact of which on river water quality is of high relevance to environmental risk assessment. The concentrations of eleven pharmaceutical compounds were determined in three WTWs in England, and the river Ouse receiving effluents from Scaynes Hill WTW. Results show that five compounds propranolol, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, indomethacine and diclofenac were detected in all wastewater and river water samples, with carbamazepine showing the highest concentrations (up to 2336 ng L-1) in WTW influent. Different compounds were removed to different extent in the WTWs, varying from 43 to 92%, with the highest performance obtained by the WTW with tertiary treatment (sand filtration). The pharmaceutical residues from Scaynes Hill WTW were eventually discharged into the river Ouse, causing an elevation in their concentrations downstream of the outfall. This was confirmed by the good agreement between measured concentrations and those predicted by a simple dilution model.

Zhu, JG, Lin, ZW, Guo, YG & Huang, Y 2009, '3D measurement and modelling of magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite', Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 11-15.
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The soft magnetic composite (SMC) is a new type of soft magnetic material made of insulated iron powders. Its special characteristics could enable the development of low cost high performance electrical machines. This paper presents the measurement and modelling of magnetic properties of SMC under 3D magnetizations. Detailed descriptions of the 3D magnetic property tester, principle of measurement, core loss models, and experimental results are included and discussed.

ZHU, X & HAO, H 2009, 'DAMAGE DETECTION OF RC SLABS USING NONLINEAR VIBRATION FEATURES', International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, vol. 09, no. 04, pp. 687-709.
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Studied herein are the signatures of nonlinear vibration characteristics of damaged reinforced concrete structures using the wavelet transform (WT). A two-span RC slab built in 2003 was tested to failure in the laboratory. Vibration measurements were carried out at various stages of structural damage. The vibration frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratios at each loading stage were extracted and analyzed. It is found that the vibration frequencies are not sensitive to small damages, but are good indicators when damage is severe. The dynamic responses are also analyzed in the time–frequency domain by WT and the skeleton curve is constructed to describe the nonlinear characteristics in the reinforced concrete structures. The results show that the skeleton curves are good indicators of damage in the reinforced concrete structures because they are more sensitive to small damages than vibration frequencies.

Zhu, XQ, Law, SS & Hao, H 2009, 'Damage assessment of reinforced concrete beams including the load environment', Structural Engineering and Mechanics, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 765-779.
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Zilberg, E, Xu, ZM, Burton, D, Karrar, M & Lal, S 2009, 'Statistical validation of physiological indicators for non-invasive and hybrid driver drowsiness detection system', African Journal of Information & Communication Technology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1-9.
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A hybrid system for detecting driver drowsiness was examined by using piezofilm movement sensors integrated into the car seat, seat belt and steering wheel. Statistical associations between increase in the driver drowsiness and the non-invasive and conventional physiological indicators were investigated. Statistically significant associations were established for the analysed physiological indicators – car seat movement magnitude and (electroencephalogram) EEG alpha band power percentage. All of the associastions were physiologically plausible with increase in probability of drowsiness associated with increases in the EEG alpha band power percentage and reduction in the seat movement magnitude. Adding a non-invasive measure such as seat movement magnitude to any combination of the EEG derived physiological predictors always resulted in improvement of associations. These findings can serve as a foundation for designing the vehicle-based fatigue countermeasure device as well as highlight potential difficulties and limitations of detection algorithm for such devices.

Ziolkowski, RW, Chia-Ching Lin, Nielsen, JA, Tanielian, MH & Holloway, CL 2009, 'Design and Experimental Verification of a 3D Magnetic EZ Antenna at 300 MHz', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 8, pp. 989-993.
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Ziolkowski, RW, Peng Jin, Nielsen, JA, Tanielian, MH & Holloway, CL 2009, 'Experimental Verification of Z Antennas at UHF Frequencies', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 8, pp. 1329-1333.
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Ab Aziz, R, Zowghi, D & McBride, T 1970, 'Towards a classification of requirements relationships', Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, SEKE 2009, International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, Knowledge Systems Institute Graduate School, Boston, Massachusetts, pp. 26-32.
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Requirements are related to and affect each other in many different ways. Developing a comprehensive knowledge of these relationships is an important part of understanding requirements. This paper proposes a classification of requirements relationships from several perspectives such as Feature Oriented, Aspect Oriented and Goal Oriented Approaches. We compare and contrast these relationship classifications and provide examples of each to increase our understanding of this complex phenomenon. This paper aims at integrating requirements relationship classifications from major bodies of work in requirements engineering and to improve awareness on the role they play in software testing practices.

Ab Aziz, R, Zowghi, D & McBride, TM 1970, 'Towards a Classification of Requirements Relationships', Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering (SEKE 2009), International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, Knowledge Systems Institute Graduate School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 26-32.
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Requirements are related to and affect each other in many different ways. Developing a comprehensive knowledge of these relationships is an important part of understanding requirements. This paper proposes a classification of requirements relationships from several perspectives such as Feature Oriented, Aspect Oriented and Goal Oriented Approaches. We compare and contrast these relationship classifications and provide examples of each to increase our understanding of this complex phenomenon. This paper aims at integrating requirements relationship classifications from major bodies of work in requirements engineering and to improve awareness on the role they play in software testing practices.

Abolhasan, M, Hagelstein, B & Wang, JC-P 1970, 'Real-world performance of current proactive multi-hop mesh protocols', 2009 15th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, 2009 15th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), IEEE, Shanghai, Shanghai, China, pp. 44-47.
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The proliferation of mesh or ad hoc network protocols has lead to a push for protocol standardisation. While there are a number of both open-source and proprietary mesh routing protocols being developed, there is only a small amount of literature available that shows relative strengths and weaknesses of different protocols. This paper investigates the performance of a number of available routing protocols using a real-world testbed. Three routing protocols - optimised link state routing (OLSR), better approach to mobile ad hoc network (B.A.T.M.A.N.) and BABEL - were chosen for this study. Our investigations focus on the multi-hopping performance and the ability of each routing protocol to recover from link failures. Our results show that B.A.T.M.A.N. and BABEL outperform OLSR both in terms of multi-hopping performance and in route re-discovery latency.

Aguilera, RP & Quevedo, DE 1970, 'Capacitor voltage estimation for predictive control algorithm of flying capacitor converters', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology - (ICIT), IEEE, Churchill, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1471-1476.
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Aguilera, RP & Quevedo, DE 1970, 'Predictive control formulation for achieving a reduced finite control set in flying capacitor converters', 2009 European Control Conference (ECC), 2009 European Control Conference (ECC), IEEE, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 3955-3960.
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© 2009 EUCA. Multilevel Converters (MCs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional two level converters. These topologies present a better output voltage quality due to the reduction of the voltage steps by increasing the voltage number levels. Within the MC family, flying capacitor converters present a special attraction due to the easy way to increase output voltage levels by adding cells. Recently model predictive control algorithms have reached a special interest in MCs applications. In particular, finite control set predictive control algorithms applied to flying capacitor converters have shown that it is possible to achieve a good performance in the control of capacitor voltages and output current. For that purpose, at each sample time the controller explores all the switching states and determines the optimal one to be applied. However, the number of switching states grow exponentially in relation to the number of cells. This increases the time that the algorithm takes to find the optimal switching state. In this paper we present an off- line strategy to reduce the number of switching states to be explored in a finite control set predictive algorithm by using only those which produce that the system state point towards to the reference. Moreover, a sampling period design is presented to guarantee that the system state remains inside of a positive invariant set.

Ahmad, NF, Hoang, DB, Phung, MH & IEEE 1970, 'Robust Preprocessing for Health Care Monitoring Framework', 2009 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON E-HEALTH NETWORKING, APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES (HEALTHCOM 2009), IEEE International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services, IEEE Communications Society, Sydney Australia, pp. 169-174.
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Remote health care monitoring is an emerging application that helps to reduce the cost of health care and at the same time improve its quality. However, by its nature, medical sensor data is often unreliable and massive as the data is collected from numerous sensors operating in noisy environments. Therefore, ensuring the reliability of the sensor data and the scalability of the health care monitoring services are among major challenge and is a determining factor in success of the system. In this paper, we propose a robust and flexible processing module as part of an active health care monitoring framework. It is responsible for preparing the sensor data and performing some initial assessment of the data for input to later modules. The proposed preprocessing architecture contains five stages ; validation, transformation, cleaning, reduction and cross-verification. The module is evaluated using synthetic blood pressure data.

Ahmadizadeh, A, Nejati, M, Javaherian, C, Shokri, B & Jazi, B 1970, 'The single wall carbon nanotube waveguides and excitation of their &#x03C3; + &#x03C0; plasmons by electron beam', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science - Abstracts, 2009 IEEE 36th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS), IEEE.
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Al Aamri, H, Abolhasan, M, Wysocki, T & IEEE 1970, 'On Optimising Route Discovery in Absence of Previous Route Information in MANETs', 2009 IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5, 69th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE, Barcelona, SPAIN, pp. 63-67.

AlAamri, H, Abolhasan, M & Wysocki, T 1970, 'On Optimising Route Discovery in Absence of Previous Route Information in MANETs', VTC Spring 2009 - IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2009 IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference Spring, IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1-5.
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This paper present a new routing protocol for Ad hoc networks, called On-demand Tree-based Routing Protocol (OTRP). This protocol combines the idea of hop-by-hop routing such as AODV with an efficient route discovery algorithm called Tree-based Optimized Flooding (TOF) to improve scalability of Ad hoc networks when there is no previous knowledge about the destination. To achieve this in OTRP, route discovery overheads are minimized by selectively flooding the network through a limited set of nodes, referred to as branching-nodes. The theoretical analysis and simulation results showed that OTRP outperforms AODV, DYMO, and OLSR and it reduces overheads as number of nodes and traffic increase.

AlAamri, H, Abolhasan, M & Wysocki, T 1970, 'Routing metric for multi-interface and power-aware nodes in heterogeneous MANETs', 2009 15th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, 2009 15th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), IEEE, Shanghai, Shanghai, China, pp. 372-375.
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This paper presents heterogeneity ratio (HR) as a new routing metric for heterogeneous MANETs. This metric is the ratio of number of powerful nodes to hop count that is used to select the best path to destination. Node heterogeneity is modeled in terms of: types and number of different interfaces, power, and transmission ranges. Our proposed routing metric is based on developing route discovery algorithm that is implemented on the top of on-demand tree-based routing protocol (OTRP)[2] to accommodate nodes heterogeneity. Simulation results show that using HR with OTRP heterogeneity aware outperforms other metrics like minimal hop count and maximal number of powerful nodes.

Alavi, A, Cavanagh, B, Tuxworth, G, Meedeniya, A, Mackay-Sim, A & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Automated classification of dopaminergic neurons in the rodent brain', 2009 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2009 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2009 - Atlanta), IEEE, pp. 81-88.
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Accurate morphological characterization of the multiple neuronal classes of the brain would facilitate the elucidation of brain function and the functional changes that underlie neurological disorders such as Parkinson's diseases or Schizophrenia. Manual morphological analysis is very timeconsuming and suffers from a lack of accuracy because some cell characteristics are not readily quantified. This paper presents an investigation in automating the classification of dopaminergic neurons located in the brainstem of the rodent, a region critical to the regulation of motor behaviour and is implicated in multiple neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease. Using a Carl Zeiss Axioimager Z1 microscope with Apotome, salient information was obtained from images of dopaminergic neurons using a structural feature extraction technique. A data set of 100 images of neurons was generated and a set of 17 features was used to describe their morphology. In order to identify differences between neurons, 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional image representations were analyzed. This paper compares the performance of three popular classification methods in bioimage classification (Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Back Propagation Neural Networks (BPNNs) and Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR)), and the results show a significant difference between machine classification (with 97% accuracy) and human expert based classification (72% accuracy). © 2009 IEEE.

Alempijevic, A, Kodagoda, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Mutual Information Based Data Association', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SENSORS, SENSOR NETWORKS AND INFORMATION PROCESSING, Conference on Novel Optical Systems Design and Optimization XIII, IEEE, San Diego, CA, pp. 97-102.

Alempijevic, A, Kodagoda, S, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Cross-Modal Localization Through Mutual Information', 2009 IEEE-RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, St Louis, Missouri, pp. 5597-5602.
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Relating information originating from disparate sensors observing a given scene is a challenging task, particularly when an appropriate model of the environment or the behaviour of any particular object within it is not available. One possible strategy to address this task is to examine whether the sensor outputs contain information which can be attributed to a common cause. In this paper, we present an approach to localise this embedded common information through an indirect method of estimating mutual information between all signal sources. Ability of L1 regularization to enforce sparseness of the solution is exploited to identify a subset of signals that are related to each other, from among a large number of sensor outputs. As opposed to the conventional L2 regularization, the proposed method leads to faster convergence with much reduced spurious associations. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the findings.

Alempijevic, A, Kodagoda, S, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Mutual Information Based Data Association', 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SENSORS, SENSOR NETWORKS AND INFORMATION PROCESSING (ISSNIP 2009), International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 97-102.
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Relating information originating from disparate sensors without any attempt to model the environment or the behaviour of any particular object within it is a challenging task. Inspired by human perception, the focus of this paper will be on observing objects moving in space using sensors that operate based on different physical principles and the fact that motion has in principle, greater power to specify properties of an object than purely spatial information captured as a single observation in time. The contribution of this paper include the development of a novel strategy for detecting a set of signals that are statistically dependent and correspond to each other related by a common cause. Mutual Information is proposed as a measure of statistical dependence. The algorithm is evaluated through simulations and three application domains, which includes, (1.) Grouping problem in images, (2.) Data association problem in moving observers with dynamic targets, and (3.) Multi-modal sensor fusion.

Al-hassan, M, Lu, H & Lu, J 1970, 'A framework for delivering personalized e-government services from a citizen-centric approach', Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services, iiWAS '09: 11th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services, ACM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 434-438.
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E-government is becoming more attentive towards providing intelligent personalized online services to citizens so that citizens can receive better services with less time and effort. This paper proposes a new conceptual framework for delivering personalized e-government services to citizens from a citizen-centric approach, called Pe-Gov service framework. This framework outlines the main components and their interconnections. Detailed explanations about these components are given and the special features of this framework are highlighted. This framework has the potential to outperform the existing e-Gov service systems as illustrated by two real life examples.

Al-Kilidar, H & Johnson, C 1970, 'The Use of Wikispace in Engineering Education', 20th Annual Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, The School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Austral, Adelaide, South Australia, pp. 381-387.
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Wikispaces was piloted as an educational tool for improving teaching and learning at the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales with class of 54 enrolled students. An active and self-directed learning approach was used in this subject based on interactive/ discussion-based lectures and tutorials, debates and presentations as well as private study. Students experiences and readings were to be reflected through contributions to class and wiki discussions to facilitate brain-storming, inquisitions and facilitate students' learning from each other. This paper reflects on the use of Wikispaces as a teaching strategy and presents results of students' responses to a questionnaire about the use of the wiki tool, and general teaching and learning of the subject. Analyses of responses suggested that students expressed positive experiences using wikispaces and that wikispaces correlated positively with students' performance.

Al-Kilidar, H, Hamedanimojarrad, P & Davis, SR 1970, 'Towards a Framework for Sustainability Indicators in Construction Developments', CRIOCM2009: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND REAL ESTATE, VOLS 1-6, pp. 476-485.

Alonso Martin, H, Revel, A & Huynh, P 1970, 'Heat Loss and Evaporation Rate from an Agitated Water Tank', Proceedings of the 7th World Conference on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, World Conference on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, AGH University of Science and Technology Press, Krakow, Poland, pp. 1207-1214.
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ABSTRACT. Experiments have been performed to investigate the heat loss and evaporation rate from an open-top tank of heated water that is also agitated vigorously by air bubbling through it. High consumption of electrical energy in heating the solutions for an electroplating process prompted this study; and the experimental set-up thus serves as a model for an electroplating tank in this process. Air is injected from the tanks floor, and an electrical heater is used to maintain water at a constant, elevated temperature, compensating the heat being lost to the surroundings. A heat transfer model is developed for the process and is seen to agree well with measurements. Waters evaporation rate is found to be proportional to the injected air flow rate, and that most of the supplied energy goes into evaporating the water.

Alsmairat, I, Shankaran, R, Orgun, M & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Securing Session Initiation Protocol in Voice over IP Domain', 2009 Eighth IEEE International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, 2009 International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing (DASC), IEEE, pp. 78-83.
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Voice service is vulnerable to a number of attacks that can compromise the confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of voice communication. This paper describes the design of communication protocols for securing SIP based VOIP communication. It presents the architectural principles involved and the overall security solution comprising the design of secure extensions to SIP messages. Finally it evaluates the performance of the proposed scheme and presents some results. © 2009 IEEE.

Al-Zubi, R, Siam, MZ & Krunz, M 1970, 'Coexistence Problem in IEEE 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Networks', GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE, Honolulu, HI, pp. 5801-5806.
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Aoki, Y, Sri Ravindrarajah, R & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'Effect Of Fly Ash Performance Of Pervious Concrete', Ninth ACI International Conference on Superplasticizers and Other Chemical Admixtures in Concrete and Tenth ACI International Conference on Recent Advances in Concrete Technology and Sustainability Issues - SUPPLEMENTARY PAPERS, ACI International Conference on Superplasticizers and Other Chemical Admixtures in Concrete and Tenth ACI International Conference onRecent Advances in Concrete Technology and Sustainability Issues, ACI International Conference, Seville, Spain, pp. 511-520.
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Production of good quality pervious concrete is necessary to meet specification requirements for the construction of durable concrete pervious pavements. This paper reports and discusses the results of an experimental investigation into the physical and engineering properties ofpervious concrete having varying amounts of fly ash as the cement replacement material. The following properties were studied: porosity density, compressive strength weight loss on drying, free drying shrinkage and water permeability. The results thowed that porosity has significant effect on compressive strength and permeability of pervioos concrete. Replacement of cement with fly ash up to 50%, by mass ofbinder, had no significant effect on the water permeability and shrinkage ofshe pervious concrete, although marginal effect on strength was noticed.

Armstrong, C, Lal, S, Kavanagh, D & Rossiter, P 1970, 'SmartData project: Game Consoles as a computing platform for in-the-field biomedical data management', BROADBANDCOM 2009 - Selected Papers on Broadband Communication, Information Technology and Biomedical Applications, pp. 381-386.
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Biomedical research increasingly requires for testing be conducted outside the lab, in the field such as the participants home or work environment. This type of research requires semi-autonomous computer systems that collect such data and send it back to the lab for processing and dissemination. A key aspect of this type of research is the selection of the required software and hardware components. These systems need to be reliable, allow considerable customizability and be readily accessible but also able to be locked down. In this paper we develop a set of requirements for the hardware and software for such a system. We then utilise these requirements to evaluate the use of game consoles as a hardware platform in comparison to other hardware choices.

Ashamalla, AN, Beydoun, G & Low, G 1970, 'Towards Agent-Oriented Approach to a Call Management System.', ISD, International Conference on Information Systems Development, Springer, Nanchang, China, pp. 345-356.
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There is more chance of a completed sale if the end customers and relationship managers are suitably matched. This in turn can reduce the number of calls made by a call centre reducing operational costs such as working time and phone bills. This chapter is part of ongoing research aimed at helping a CMC to make better use of its personnel and equipment while maximizing the value of the service it offers to its client companies and end customers. This is accomplished by ensuring the optimal use of resources with appropriate real-time scheduling and load balancing and matching the end customers to appropriate relationship managers. In a globalized market, this may mean taking into account the cultural environment of the customer, as well as the appropriate profile and/or skill of the relationship manager to communicate effectively with the end customer. The chapter evaluates the suitability of a MAS to a call management system and illustrates the requirement analysis phase using i∗ models.

Aslund, ML, Canning, J, Stevenson, M & Cook, K 1970, 'Tailored thermal stabilisation of type I gratings', 2009 IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings, LEOS 2009 -22nd Annuall Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society. LEO 2009, IEEE, Belek, TURKEY, pp. 418-419.
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Åslund, ML, Jovanovic, N, Jackson, SD, Canning, J, Marshall, GD, Fuerbach, A, Withford, MJ & Cook, K 1970, 'Photo-erasure of type-II femtosecond laser written Bragg gratings employed as high reflectors in moderate power Q-switch fibre laser', Optical Sensors 2009, SPIE Europe Optics + Optoelectronics, SPIE, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC.
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Athab, HS & Lu, DD-C 1970, 'Quasi-active power factor correction using transformer-assisted driving voltage', 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2009, IEEE, Taipei, TAIWAN, pp. 1981-+.
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Athab, HS, Ramar, K & Dah-Chuan Lu, D 1970, 'An efficient quasi-active power factor correction scheme', 2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics & Applications, Applications (ISIEA 2009), IEEE, pp. 536-541.
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This paper presents a novel input current shaper based on a quasi-active power factor correction (PFC) scheme. The power factor is improved by adding two auxiliary windings coupled to the transformer of a cascade dc/dc flyback converter. The auxiliary windings are placed between the input rectifier and the low-frequency filter capacitor to serve as a magnetic switch to drive an input inductor. Since the dc/dc converter is operated at high switching frequency, the auxiliary windings produce a high frequency pulsating source such that the input current conduction angle is significantly lengthened and the input current harmonics is reduced. It eliminates the use of active switch and control circuit for PFC. The input inductor can be designed to operate in discontinuous current mode (DCM) with lower harmonic content or continuous conduction mode (CCM) with higher efficiency. However, a trade-off between efficiency and harmonic content must be made. Operating principles, analysis, simulation and practical results of the proposed method are presented. © 2009 IEEE.

Athanasius, GX & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Design of Robust Controller for Wind Turbines', 2009 Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology, 2009 Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology, IEEE, pp. 7-12.
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To optimise the performance of the wind generation, wind turbines employ variable speed (VS) variable pitch (VP) control system. Wind turbine is a complex nonlinear mechanical system exposed to uncontrolled wind profiles. Due to this, dynamic and parametric uncertainties arise in the mathematical model of the wind turbines over different operating conditions. This makes the turbine controller design a challenging task. This paper addresses the problem of designing robust control system for wind turbines in the presence of uncertainties using Minimax LQG (linear quadratic gaussian) design methodology. Using this approach the parameter variations and the model uncertainties are represented using Integral Quadratic Constraints (IQCs). Controllers are synthesised using LMI approach. The designed controllers provide robust performance in the presence of the specified uncertainties. Controllers are designed for a test case system and simulation results are presented. © 2009 IEEE.

Athanasius, GX, Zhu, JG & Sreenatha, AG 1970, 'Robust Control of Unmanned Arial Vehicles', 2009 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control, and Telecommunication Technologies, 2009 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control, & Telecommunication Technologies (ACT 2009), IEEE, pp. 153-155.
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The dynamics of the UAVs are highly nonlinear and continuously vary with time. Also they are subjected to severe external disturbances. Due to this, dynamic and parametric uncertainties arise in the mathematical model of the UAVs over different operating conditions. This paper addresses the problem of designing robust control system for UAVs in the presence of uncertainties using minimax LQG (linear quadratic gaussian) design methodology. Using this approach the parameter variations and the model uncertainties are represented using Integral Quadratic Constraints (IQCs). Controllers are synthesised using LMI approach. The designed controllers provide robust performance in the presence of the specified uncertainties. © 2009 IEEE.

Babister, KM, Retallick, ME & Ball, JE 1970, 'Two dimensional simulation in urban areas', Proceedings of H2009 the 32nd Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, Engineers Australia, Newcastle, Australia, pp. 430-438.
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A number of areas associated with current practices for floodplain modelling have been highlighted during the revision of ARR as requiring further investigation. One of these areas and hence the reason for one of the revision projects is the need for guidance on 2D modelling in urban areas. This need for guidance has increased as 2D models have become the tool of choice for prediction of flood behaviour within urban floodplains throughout Australia. These 2D models also are being used to simulate rainfall-runoff processes that traditionally have been modelled using conceptual lumped storage rainfall-runoff routing models. The revision project implemented to satisfy this need adopted a non-traditional approach. Instead of inviting a small group of authors to write the project report, a team of authors that represented model suppliers, experienced users, academics and clients from across Australia was assembled. The team used an online wiki tool to develop content collaboratively. Outlined in this paper are the process, experiences learned and details of the final report arising from this project.

Ball, JE, Babister, KM & Phillips, B 1970, 'Estimation of Design Flood Flows Considering Climate Change', 33rd IAHR Congress Water Engineering For A Sustainable Environment, International Association of Hydraulic Engineering & Research, International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 734-740.
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Since 1958, when it was first released, Australian Rainfall and Runoff has remained one of the most influential and widely used guidelines for estimation of flood flows in Australia. Since publication of the current edition, initially published in 1987, there have been advances in the theory of flood flows and changes in the application of engineering hydrology to the estimation of flood flows which warrant updating of the current document. One area where these advances have been significant has been in the understanding of the potential for climate change and the influence on current estimates of flood flows. As a result of these advances, the Federal Department of Climate Change in conjunction with EngineersAustralia has developed a funding package for the Australian Rainfall and Runoff Revision Projects. Presented herein are details of the projects undertaken as part of this funding package and how the information from these projects will be utilised in the revision of Australian Rainfall and Runoff.

Bandyopadhyay, S, Canning, J, Biswas, P, Chakraborty, R & Dasgupta, K 1970, 'Regeneration of complex Bragg gratings', SPIE Proceedings, 20th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, SPIE.
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Complex regenerated Bragg gratings, seeded by complex type-I gratings in H2 loaded germanosilicate optical fibre is reported. By this means, dual channel grating filters which are stable beyond 1000°C are produced. These high temperature stable co-located dual gratings have potential application in sensing and multi-wavelength high power lasers. © 2009 SPIE.

Bang Zhang, Getian Ye, Yang Wang, Jie Xu & Herman, G 1970, 'Finding shareable informative patterns and optimal coding matrix for multiclass boosting', 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision, 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), IEEE, Kyoto, JAPAN, pp. 56-63.
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Bang Zhang, Getian Ye, Yang Wang, Wei Wang, Jie Xu, Gunawan Herman & Jun Yang 1970, 'Informative frequent assembled feature for face detection', 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP 2009, IEEE, Cairo, EGYPT, pp. 1205-1208.
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Bany Salameh, H, Krunz, M & Younis, O 1970, 'Dynamic Spectrum Access Protocol Without Power Mask Constraints', IEEE INFOCOM 2009, 2009 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM, IEEE, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL, pp. 2322-+.
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Barzinpour, F, Izadbakhsh, HR, Azadeh, A & Saberi, M 1970, 'A Genetic Algorithm for Total Assessment of Telecommunication Sectors', 2009 3RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL ECOSYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES, 3rd IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, IEEE, Istanbul, TURKEY, pp. 242-+.

Barzmpour, F, Izadbakhsh, HR, Azadeh, A & Saben, M 1970, 'A genetic algorithm for total assessment of telecommunication sectors', 2009 3rd IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, 2009 3rd IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (DEST), IEEE, pp. 97-102.
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This paper presents a genetic algorithm (GA) to assessment the decision making units (DMU). The Telecommunication sectors based on standards indicators identified by international telecommunication union (ITU) are considered for total assessment by the proposed approach. The indicators are categorized as telephone network size, other services, quality of service, traffic, tariffs, staff, demography, economy, information technology, broadcasting and mobile services. To present the applicability of the proposed approach, data for the year 2003 of 62 developed and developing countries are used. A total of 9 indicators are considered, out of which 4 are inputs and 5 are outputs respectively. The results of GA are verified by Principle Component Analysis (PCA) approach. The results show weak and strong points of each sector and identify the most efficient inputs or outputs, which can aid management in overall assessment. The proposed approach of this study may be easily used for assessment of other sectors. ©2009 IEEE.

Baumann, C & Zeibots, ME 1970, 'Beyond tradition: a systems-based definition of sustainable transport development', 2009 SSEE International Conference - Solutions for a Sustainable Planet Website, Society for Sustainability and Environmental Engineering International Conference, Society for Sustainability & Environmental Engineering, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-11.
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This paper attempts to provide a definition of sustainable urban transport development. As will be shown, while the need to develop transport in a sustainable way has been widely accepted by many governments and transport practitioners, a consistent view on what is meant by sustainable transport is yet to develop. In an effort to address this, this paper begins by providing a systematic overview of the problems that the urban transport sector faces. It highlights shortcomings in the traditional ways that transport practitioners have approached the issue of sustainable transport development. In response, it proposes a different way of conceptualising the role of urban transport as a provider of access to services and facilitator of interaction and exchange in the urban system. In so doing it provides a new understanding and definition of what sustainable transport development could be in practice.

Beamish, B, Kizil, M, Willey, K & Gardner, AP 1970, 'Monitoring mining engineering undergraduate perceptions of contribution to group project work', Proceedings of the 20th Australasian Association for Engineering Education Conference, Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, The School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 318-325.
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A combination of self and peer assessment is a powerful and rich teaching and learning management tool that can be used to monitor and evaluate group performance in project work. An on-line system (SPARKPLUS â Self and Peer Assessment Resource Kit) has been developed to simplify this process for the academic. This system generates factors for both the peer assessment weighting to be applied for individual contribution and the studentâs perception of their contribution compared to their peers by using key assessment criteria and a rigorous algorithm that is applied to the student evaluations of themselves and their peers. This paper describes and evaluates the introduction of SPARKPLUS to assess the performance of Mining Engineering Undergraduates in Year 3 at The University of Queensland in the first semester of 2008 in two of their core undergraduate courses that required group project work to be completed for assessment. The results obtained from this initial trial show the potential for improving student behaviour in group work through a structured approach to monitoring and feedback of their performance. It was found that male students with GPAs ⤠5 tend to overestimate their contribution to group work more frequently than their peers whereas the opposite applies for male students with GPAs > 5.

Beck, C, Miro, JV, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Trajectory Optimisation for Increased Stability of Mobile Robots Operating in Uneven Terrains', 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-3, IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation, IEEE, Christchurch, NZ, pp. 1913-1919.
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A mechanism capable of enhancing the safety of paths followed by mobile robots which significantly modify their mass distribution while operating in uneven terrains is presented. This is the case, for instance, of kinematically reconfigurable platforms or robots equipped with manipulator arms. For a given path, a trajectory optimiser that finds suitably safer paths in terms of tip-over prevention and equal force distribution over the supporting contact points is proposed. Other kinematic considerations such as operating within given nominal joint positions or low energy motions can also be exploited to improve system stability while being deployed in specific domains such as security, rescue, etc. Simulation results of the proposed optimised motion planner for an iRobot Explorer tracked vehicle are presented. They are also compared with a non-optimised planners to show the validity of the approach.

Beck, D & Wong, STC 1970, 'Conference Scene: Wake-up call for the engineering and biomedical science communities in nanomedicine', Nanomedicine, Future Medicine Ltd, pp. 515-517.
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The IEEE-NIH 4th Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop 2009 (LiSSA ’09) was jointly organized by the IEEE LiSSA Technical Committee and the NIH Nano Task Force. It was endorsed by the NIH Biomedical Information Science and Technology Initiative (BISTI) and the National Library of Medicine. The workshop was held in the Natcher Conference Center on the NIH campus in Bethesda, MD, USA. It took place on the 9–10 April, 2009, during the NIH NanoWeek and had approximately 200 delegates from around the globe (including North America, Europe, Asia and Australia) from both engineering and biomedical science disciplines. The conference featured around 40 talks, including nine plenary speakers emphasizing current state-of-the-art nanotechnology practices, developments and industry applications. All talks were scheduled in three oral and seven special sessions, as well as three breakout sessions. In addition, the interactive poster sessions hosted over 30 abstracts and attracted much attention from the audience; these sessions were readily used by many attendees to connect with colleagues of similar interest. In this article, we provide some of the highlights from the workshop.

Beck, D, Zhou, X, Pham, T, Sabatini, B & Wong, STC 1970, 'An image driven systems biology approach for neurodegenerative disease studies in the TSC-mTOR pathway', 2009 IEEE/NIH Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop, 2009 IEEE/NIH Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop (LiSSA) Formerly known as LSSA and, IEEE, pp. 36-39.
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In this brief paper we present an overview of the TSC-mTOR pathway and its importance in neurodegenerative disease (ND). We illustrate the influence of ND on dendritic spine morphology. Then we discuss some details of functional gene networks (FGN) and use this information to propose an image driven systems biology approach for the construction of a FGN for ND. We conclude on its importance and the prospective outcome of our study. © 2009 IEEE.

Beilharz, KA & Ferguson, S 1970, 'An Interface and Framework Design for interactive Aesthetic Sonification', Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Auditory Display, International Conference on Auditory Display, Re:New Digital Arts Forum, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 1-8.
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This paper describes the interface design of our AeSon (Aesthetic Sonification) Toolkit motivated by user-centred customisation of the aesthetic representation and scope of the data. The interface design is developed from 3 premises that distinguish our approach from more ubiquitous sonification methodologies. Firstly, we prioritise interaction both from the perspective of changing scale, scope and presentation of the data and the user's ability to reconfigure spatial panning, modality, pitch distribution, critical thresholds and granularity of data examined. The user, for the majority of parameters, determines their own listening experience for real-time data sonification, even to the extent that the interface can be used for live data-driven performance, as well as traditional information analysis and examination. Secondly, we have explored the theories of Tufte, Fry and other visualization and information design experts to find ways in which principles that are successful in the field of information visualization may be translated to the domain of sonification. Thirdly, we prioritise aesthetic variables and controls in the interface, derived from musical practice, aesthetics in information design and responses to experimental user evaluations to inform the design of the sounds and display. In addition to using notions of meter, beat, key or modality and emphasis drawn from music, we draw on our experiments that evaluated the effects of spatial separation in multivariate data presentations.

Bennett, NS, Ahn, C, Cowern, NEB & Pichler, P 1970, 'Review of Stress Effects on Dopant Solubility in Silicon and Silicon-Germanium Layers', Solid State Phenomena, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., pp. 173-180.
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We present a review of both theoretical and experimental studies of stress effects on the solubility of dopants in silicon and silicon-germanium materials. Critical errors and limitations in early theory are discussed, and a recent treatment incorporating charge carrier induced lattice strain and correct statistics is presented. Considering all contributing effects, the strain compensation energy is the primary contribution to solubility enhancement in both silicon and silicon-germanium for dopants of technological interest. An exception is the case of low-solubility dopants, where a Fermi level contribution is also found. Explicit calculations for a range of dopant impurities in Si are presented that agree closely with experimental findings for As, Sb and B in strained Si. The theoretical treatment is also applied to account for stress effects in strained SiGe structures, which also show close correlation with recently derived experimental results for B-doped strained SiGe which are presented here for the first time.

Benter, A, Xu, R, Moore, W, Antolovich, M & Gao, J 1970, 'Fragment size detection within homogeneous material using ground penetrating radar', 2009 International Radar Conference 'Surveillance for a Safer World', RADAR 2009.
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Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) offers the ability to observe the internal structure of a pile of rocks. Large fragments within the pile may not be visible on the surface. Determining these large fragment sizes before collection can improve mine productivity. This research has examined the potential to identify objects where the background media and the object exhibit the same dielectric properties. Preliminary results are presented which show identification is possible using standard GPR equipment.

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, D 1970, 'Network Security Considerations for a New Generation Protocol UDT', 2009 2ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, VOL 3, IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, IEEE Communications Society, Beijing China, pp. 125-130.
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This paper evaluates security issues of the recently designed and implemented next generation protocol UDTv4 and offers two contributions to this area of research. Firstly, since UDT is a relatively new protocol, its security requirements have not been considered and explored. An examination investigating its security requirements in implementation is performed. The objective is to achieve a wide class of security methods used on existing mature protocols such as TCP and UDP, and other developed variants such as DCCP and STCP. This will assist investigators, designers, and users who consider and incorporate security when implementing UDT. Secondly, it aims to provide ways of securing applications and traffic using UDT protocol as well as making recommendations for adequate methods to address its security requirements. This will highlight UDT's security limitations and determine the threshold of feasible security schemes within the constraints under which UDT was designed and developed.

Bernardo, DV, Chua, BB & Hoang, D 1970, 'Quantitative security risk assessment (SRA) method: An empirical case study', 2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC), 2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC), IEEE, Comibatore, India, pp. 972-977.
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This paper introduces a novel approach to a more practical Quantitative SRA. The approach formalized in this paper is based on the methods described in various risk assessment frameworks that were described by existing international standards with adjustments combining qualitative and ranking method based on distance-based approach. The successful implementation of this approach in four organizations provides an alternative conventional means of performing a more practical Quantitative SRA, in a manner consistent with current set of standards and practices.

Berry, A & Cornforth, D 1970, 'Designing multiple inverter systems with evolutionary multiobjective optimisation', 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. ECCE 2009, IEEE.
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Berry, A & Cornforth, D 1970, 'Designing Multiple Inverter Systems with Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimisation', 2009 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, IEEE, San Jose, CA, pp. 3264-3271.

Berry, AM, Cornforth, DJ & Platt, G 1970, 'An introduction to multiobjective optimisation methods for decentralised power planning', 2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Energy Society General Meeting (PES), IEEE, Calgary, CANADA, pp. 2148-2156.
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Berry, AM, Cornforth, DJ & Platt, GM 1970, 'The distributed generator placement and sizing test suite and analysis tool', 2009 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition, 2009 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition (PSCE), IEEE.
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Beydoun, G 1970, 'Using Formal Concept Analysis towards Cooperative E-Learning', KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION: APPROACHES, ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS, 10th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (PRICAI 2008), SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Hanoi, VIETNAM, pp. 109-117.

Beydoun, G, Krishna, AK, Ghose, A & Low, GC 1970, 'Towards Ontology-Based MAS Methodologies: Ontology-Based Early Requirements', INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT: CHALLENGES IN PRACTICE, THEORY AND EDUCATION, VOLS 1AND 2, 16th International Conference on Information Systems Development, SPRINGER, Natl Univ Ireland, Cairnes Grad Sch Business, Galway, IRELAND, pp. 923-935.
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Bhatia, TA, Patil, KI & Choudhary, PA 1970, 'Distillation Operations - Methods, Operational and Design Issues', National Conference on Advances in Heat and Mass Transfer, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India.
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Distillation is one of the oldest and most common methods for the purification of liquids. It has been used for centuries to concentrate dilute alcoholic beverages and to obtain perfumes from fruits and flowers. In this paper various methods of distillation, operating principles, equipment for distillation are discussed in detail. Various design and operating policies for binary distillation columns are discussed with objective of maximizing production rate. Significant increasing in capacity can be realized by optimum design of column-i.e. number of trays, trays hold up, reflux drum hold up etc and optimum operation- i.e. reflux ratio and start up procedure. Equipment and column size issues discussed here may be useful to practicing engineers in early stage of distillation design. Some issues in the design and operation of a batch and continuous distillation column are addressed.

Bijker, AJ, Xiaohua Xia & Jiangfeng Zhang 1970, 'Active power residential non-intrusive appliance load monitoring system', AFRICON 2009, AFRICON 2009 (AFRICON), IEEE, Nairobi, KENYA, pp. 245-250.
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Bird, TS, Rypkema, N & Smart, KW 1970, 'Antenna impedance matching for maximum power transfer in wireless sensor networks', 2009 IEEE Sensors, 2009 IEEE Sensors, IEEE, pp. 916-919.
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The conditions for maximum power transfer from a source antenna to a receiving antenna are examined when the two antennas are in close proximity. As an example, computed and measured results are described for the power transfer efficiency for two-element Yagi antennas. These results can be used to design matching networks between the antenna and a load such as a voltage multiplier for power transfer in a wireless sensor network. It is concluded that maximum PTE could be obtained by continuously tuning the antenna and matching network as the antenna separation and load conditions change. ©2009 IEEE.

Bogdanov, A & Qiao, Y 1970, 'On the Security of Goldreich’s One-Way Function', APPROXIMATION, RANDOMIZATION, AND COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION, 12th International Workshop on Approximation Algorithms for Combinatorial Optimization Problems/13th International Workshop on Randomization and Computation, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berkeley, CA, pp. 392-405.
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Bogg, P, Beydoun, G & Low, G 1970, 'Problem-Solving Methods in Agent-Oriented Software Engineering.', ISD, International Conference on Information Systems Development, Springer, Nanchang, China, pp. 243-254.
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Problem-solving methods (PSM) are abstract structures that describe specific reasoning processes employed to solve a set of similar problems. We envisage that off-the-shelf PSMs can assist in the development of agent-oriented solutions, not only as reusable and extensible components that software engineers employ for designing agent architecture solutions, but just as importantly as a set of runtime capabilities that agents themselves dynamically employ in order to solve problems. This chapter describes PSMs for agent-oriented software engineering (AOSE) that address interaction-dependent problem-solving such as negotiation or cooperation. An extension to an AOSE methodology MOBMAS is proposed whereby PSMs are integrated in the software development phases of MAS Organization Design, Internal Design, and Interaction Design. In this way, knowledge engineering drives the development of agent-oriented systems. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011.

Bogg, P, Beydoun, G & Low, G 1970, 'TOWARDS PROBLEM SOLVING METHODS IN MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS', ICSOFT 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE AND DATA TECHNOLOGIES, VOL 2, 4th International Conference on Software and Data Technologies, INSTICC-INST SYST TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION CONTROL & COMMUNICATION, Sofia, BULGARIA, pp. 308-313.

Bor-Chen Kuo, Chun-Hsiang Chuang, Cheng-Hsuan Li & Chin-Teng Lin 1970, 'Subspace selection based multiple classifier systems for hyperspectral image classification', 2009 First Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing, 2009 First Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS), IEEE, Grenoble, FRANCE, pp. 211-+.
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Boydell, S, Giurco, D, Rickwood, P, Glazebrook, GJ, Zeibots, ME, White, S & Thomas, LE 1970, 'Using integrated urban models to respond to climate change in cities', Fifth Urban Research Symposium on Cities and Climate Change Website: Responding to an Urgent Agenda, Urban Research Symposium on Cities and Climate Change: Responding to an Urgent Agenda, Urban Research Symposium, World Bank, Marseille, France, pp. 1-33.
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This paper presents a single, integrated urban model that focuses on the key areas of transport, domestic energy-use, and domestic water use and how these relate to urban planning and other policies. The model structure is spatial ï½ requiring a sub-division of the urban region into disjoint sub-regions. Such a sub-division is necessary, not only because spatial information is essential to any transport model, but also because climatic and demographic factors are common to all resource models, and are spatially heterogeneous. The model is intended for use by local, regional, and state authorities, government departments, energy, and utility service companies as a modelling and decision support tool for analysing the impact on cities of a range of energy, water, transport, and land use related policies. In particular, it seeks to understand the impact - reductions possible at household and city scales. Growing awareness of the threats from climate change has focused attention on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the need to reduce them. Using a sample analysis of Sydney, our on-going research collaboration seeks to examine the working relationships between multiple infrastructure sectors through a single analysis platform. The need to integrate policy for multiple infrastructures is critical given the multiple fronts on which the sustainability of urban systems are now jeopardised.

Brakel, JW, Gay, V & Leijdekkers, P 1970, ''From the hippocratic oath to electronic data storage': Ethical aspects for m-health projects in Australia', Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference e-Health 2009, Part of the IADIS Multi Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, MCCSIS 2009, International Association for Development of the Information Society International Conference, IADIS Press, Algarve, Portugal, pp. 115-122.
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This paper discusses the issue of ethics when it comes to trialling m-health applications in a hospital environment in Australia. Our team has developed a personalised health monitoring application for smart phones using wireless biosensors to monitor and instruct patients. This paper discusses some of the Australian guidelines regarding ethical aspects of running technological trials of such mobile health projects on cardiac patients. Ethical issues regarding mobile health projects can be generally divided in two parts. The first one concerns any potential dangers to the patient's health. Although testing can also be done on healthy test subjects, the best way to acquire real-life test-data is to perform tests on actual cardiac patients. The second one is the privacy aspect in the doctor-patient relationship as some patients do not want to be identified as having a disease or do not want to have their records kept on file and used in scientific publications. Nevertheless, to show the benefits of this personalized m-health monitoring, a technical trial has to be conducted and research data needs to be published in a verifiable way. This paper gives an introduction into ethical regulations, organizations and issues in Australia. It describes, in detail, the issues involved in conducting technical trials in Australian hospitals. The paper gives several recommendations on how to deal with ethics in personalised m-health monitoring projects. © 2009 IADIS.

Bremner, MJ 1970, 'Are random pure states useful for quantum computation?', Institute of Mathematics and its Applications Conference on Quantum Computing and Complexity of Quantum Simulation, London.
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Quantum computing represents the prodigiously fertile union of quantum physics with the theory of computation and especially issues of computational complexity. It is known that quantum processes can offer solutions to some information processing tasks that are exponentially more efficient than any known classical methods. Perhaps the most celebrated example is Shor's 1994 quantum algorithm for integer factorisation. In recent years there has been a surge of activity in our understanding of quantum computational power and its prospective applicability and limitations. A variety of problems in diverse areas of mathematics, has been identified (so-called BQP-complete problems) that have efficient quantum algorithms and also embody the full power of efficient quantum computation. In quantum many body physics (including study of quantum circuits, of local hamiltonians, and of further formalisms such as measurement based computing) some problems have been shown, surprisingly, to admit efficient classical solution while others (e.g. certain ground state properties of local hamiltonians) are likely to be computationally intractible, having been shown to be so-called QMA-complete. Quantum entanglement is often regarded as an essential ingredient in these considerations and there has been considerable development in understanding its scaling behaviour in many body systems. This conference is devoted to recent theoretical developments in these areas and related issues. Invited speakers will be requested to include overview material (in addition to recent research) with the aim of making the essential ideas of these important developments accessible to a broader audience of QIP researchers.

Bremner, MJ 1970, 'Instantaneous quantum computation', Institute of Mathematics and its Applications Conference on Quantum Computing and Complexity of Quantum Simulation, London.
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Quantum computing represents the prodigiously fertile union of quantum physics with the theory of computation and especially issues of computational complexity. It is known that quantum processes can offer solutions to some information processing tasks that are exponentially more efficient than any known classical methods. Perhaps the most celebrated example is Shor's 1994 quantum algorithm for integer factorisation. In recent years there has been a surge of activity in our understanding of quantum computational power and its prospective applicability and limitations. A variety of problems in diverse areas of mathematics, has been identified (so-called BQP-complete problems) that have efficient quantum algorithms and also embody the full power of efficient quantum computation. In quantum many body physics (including study of quantum circuits, of local hamiltonians, and of further formalisms such as measurement based computing) some problems have been shown, surprisingly, to admit efficient classical solution while others (e.g. certain ground state properties of local hamiltonians) are likely to be computationally intractible, having been shown to be so-called QMA-complete. Quantum entanglement is often regarded as an essential ingredient in these considerations and there has been considerable development in understanding its scaling behaviour in many body systems. This conference is devoted to recent theoretical developments in these areas and related issues. Invited speakers will be requested to include overview material (in addition to recent research) with the aim of making the essential ideas of these important developments accessible to a broader audience of QIP researchers.

Bremner, MJ 1970, 'Instantaneous quantum computation', Twelth Workshop on Quantum Information Processing, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA.
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Fifteen years ago, Shor's efficient quantum algorithms for factoring integers and evaluating discrete logarithms launched the field of quantum information processing (QIP) into the public consciousness. QIP is now one of the most active and fastest-growing research areas in computer science and physics, spanning topics such as quantum computation, quantum communication, and quantum cryptography. QIP 2009 is the twelfth in a series of international workshops dedicated to disseminating recent theoretical advances in this field.

Bremner, MJ 1970, 'Most quantum states are useless for measurement-based quantum computation', Twelth Workshop on Quantum Information Processing, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA.
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Fifteen years ago, Shor's efficient quantum algorithms for factoring integers and evaluating discrete logarithms launched the field of quantum information processing (QIP) into the public consciousness. QIP is now one of the most active and fastest-growing research areas in computer science and physics, spanning topics such as quantum computation, quantum communication, and quantum cryptography. QIP 2009 is the twelfth in a series of international workshops dedicated to disseminating recent theoretical advances in this field.

Brodka, P, Musial, K & Kazienko, P 1970, 'A Performance of Centrality Calculation in Social Networks', 2009 International Conference on Computational Aspects of Social Networks, 2009 International Conference on Computational Aspects of Social Networks (CASON), IEEE, ESIGETEL, Fontainebleau, FRANCE, pp. 24-31.
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Brodka, P, Musial, K & Kazienko, P 1970, 'Efficiency of Node Position Calculation in Social Networks', KNOWLEDGE-BASED AND INTELLIGENT INFORMATION AND ENGINEERING SYSTEMS, PT II, PROCEEDINGS, 13th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Univ Chile, Fac Phys Sci & Math, Santiago, CHILE, pp. 455-463.
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Brooks, PA, Manamperi, P, Liu, D & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'A robotic grit-blasting system for steel bridge maintenance', The 2009 Australasian Corrosion Association (ACA) conference, 15-18 November 2009,, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.
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Corrosion is the primary cause of failure in steel bridges. Stripping of rust and deteriorated paint and then repainting the steel are the procedures in steel bridge maintenance, and is one of the biggest expenditure items in bridge maintenance activities. Grit-blasting, which is an effective and efficient method of paint stripping, is extremely labour intensive and hazardous. Workers have to not only spend long periods of time handling forces of 100N and above, but also need to take precautions to avoid exposure to the dust containing hazardous materials and chemicals. Thus supplementing manual labour in grit-blasting with robotic aids has a significant health, safety and economic impact.

Broomhead, T, Ridoux, J & Veitch, D 1970, 'Counter availability and characteristics for feed-forward based synchronization', Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication, 2009. ISPCS 2009. International Symposium on, IEEE, pp. 1-6.

Burnham, DR & McGloin, D 1970, 'Modelling aerosol optical tweezers', Advances in Imaging, Optical Trapping Applications, OSA.
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Burnham, DR & McGloin, D 1970, 'Modelling aerosol optical tweezers', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers.
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In this talk we discuss our recent work on the modelling of airborne optical traps, looking at the Brownian motion the particles, but paying particular attention to the optical forces that influence trap behaviour. © 2008 Optical Society of America.

Cagno, E, Trucco, P, Trianni, A & Sala, G 1970, 'A modular energy scan model for SMEs', IMETI 2009 - 2nd International Multi-Conference on Engineering and Technological Innovation, Proceedings, pp. 205-210.
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The growth of energy need - especially of new consumers like China and India -, the uncertainty in fuel prices and the scarcity of use of renewable sources pave the way to the emerging role of energy efficiency as a competitive advantage in a globalised market. Unfortunately small & medium enterprises (SMEs), the large majority of firms in a country, generally do not have a high operational energy efficiency, since they are characterized mainly by scarcely standardized operations and cannot afford too expensive energy audits and management programs. This paper aims at introducing an innovative framework that has been developed to achieve the operational energy efficiency of SMEs. Firstly, through an accurate breakdown of the firm into functional units, the main consuming areas are identified so that a criticality index can be defined; secondly, an enhancement index highlights the gap of each unit towards the best available techniques/practices (BAT/Ps) in energy management programs. Finally, a synthetic index (priority index) created by the junction of the two previous indexes, points out the most profitable areas in which energy saving actions should be implemented. The methodology, particularly quick and simple, has been successfully tested in 25 SMEs in Northern Italy.

Cai, C, Hengst, B, Ye, G, Huang, E, Wang, Y, Aydos, C & Geers, G 1970, 'On the performance of adaptive traffic signal control', Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science, GIS '09: 17th SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, ACM, pp. 37-42.
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In this paper, we present a study in understanding sensing error's impact on traffic signal control performance. Adaptive traffic signal control systems depend on information from traffic sensors to interpret the state of traffic. Signal timings are adjusted at real time according to the state of traffic. Queue length is an important element of the state of traffic, and errors in estimating queue length influences control decision and hence the performance. This paper presents the first attempt to quantify the effects of sensing error on control performance in the field of traffic control. A novel technique to estimate queue length using data from single loop detector is presented, and estimations are compared with parallel observations. The results show that moderate overestimation of queue length may significantly improve control performance. The benefit from overestimation suggests including arriving traffic in system state, and using look-ahead algorithms to calculate signal timings. Copyright © 2009 ACM.

Canning, J 1970, 'Structured fibres and gratings for sensing', 2009 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition, ACP 2009.
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The advent of optical fibres based on air holes running along their entirety opens up new directions in addressing various properties relevant to sensing, including the temperature/strain challenge of optical fibre sensors and as well the incorporation of new materials that were previously not possible. Combining these channels with new materials that exploit the localisation of light at the interface to enhance sensitivity with laser processed components offers an unprecedented level of device complexity, including potential labin-a-fibre technology. © 2009 Optical Society of America.

Canning, J 1970, 'Structured fibres and gratings for sensing', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers.
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The advent of optical fibres based on air holes running along their entirety opens up new directions in addressing various properties relevant to sensing, including the temperature/strain challenge of optical fibre sensors and as well the incorporation of new materials that were previously not possible. Combining these channels with new materials that exploit the localisation of light at the interface to enhance sensitivity with laser processed components offers an unprecedented level of device complexity, including potential lab-in-a-fibre technology. ' 2009 Optical Society of America.

Canning, J 1970, 'Structured Fibres and Gratings for Sensing', Asia Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition, Asia Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition, OSA.
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The advent of optical fibres based on air holes running along their entirety opens up new directions in addressing various properties relevant to sensing, including the temperature/strain challenge of optical fibre sensors and as well the incorporation of new materials that were previously not possible. Combining these channels with new materials that exploit the localisation of light at the interface to enhance sensitivity with laser processed components offers an unprecedented level of device complexity, including potential lab-in-a-fibre technology. " 2009 Optical Society of America.

Canning, J, Bandyopadhyay, S, Stevenson, M, Biswas, P, Fenton, J, Chakraborty, R, Aslund, M & IEEE 1970, 'Thermal preparation of highly stable glass periodic changes with nano-scale resolution using a laser-inscribed hydrogen loaded seed template', 2009 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1AND 2, 22nd Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Photonics-Society, IEEE, Belek, TURKEY, pp. 30-31.
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Canning, J, Fenton, J, Stevenson, M & IEEE 1970, 'Ultra-strong regenerated gratings', 2009 14TH OPTOELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (OECC 2009), 14th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference, IEEE, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 710-711.

Canning, J, Gibson, B, Huyang, G, Khoury, T, Sum, TJ, Neto, C & Crossley, MJ 1970, 'Processing waveguide photonic components into self-assembled organic films', 2009 14th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference, 2009 14th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference (OECC), IEEE.
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A focused ion beam (FIB) is used to process 2-D self-assembled photonic porphyrin film flats to fabricate couplers in 2-D porphyrin slabs. These self-assembled structures have an initial root mean squared (rms) values for surface roughness < 0.5 nm as measured by atomic force microscopy. Under appropriate FIB processing and cutting conditions, the rms value for surface roughness falls to < 0.4 nm. © 2009 IEEE.

Canning, J, Gibson, B, Huyang, G, Khoury, T, Sum, TJ, Neto, C & Crossley, MJ 1970, 'Processing waveguide photonic components into self-assembled organic films', 2009 14TH OPTOELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (OECC 2009), 14th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference, IEEE, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 294-+.

Canning, J, Huyang, G, Gibson, BC, Neto, C, Khoury, T, Martelli, C, Skivesen, N, Sum, TJ, Kristensen, M, Crossley, MJ & IEEE 1970, 'Supramolecular porphyrin wires and post-processing', 2009 14TH OPTOELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (OECC 2009), 14th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference, IEEE, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 288-289.

Canning, J, Stevenson, M, Cook, K, Aslund, M, Ecke, W, Willsch, R, Bartelt, H, Kalinowski, HJ, Grabarski, L, Oliveira, V, Martelli, C, Braga, A, Groothoff, N & Peng, G-D 1970, 'Optical fibre Bragg gratings for high temperature sensing', SPIE Proceedings, 20th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, SPIE.
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The development of new techniques for writing and tailoring the properties of Bragg gratings has generated a suite of distinct grating types that are optimised for performance within different temperature windows. These cover gratings produced by recipes such as hypersensitisation, thermal processing and single and multiphoton writing. In this paper, we review four types of high temperature gratings that offer comprehensive coverage of temperature space for most applications of interest. Up to 1200°C novel processing methods allow standard silica-based optical fibres to be used. However, beyond these temperatures, optical fibres made from other materials, such as sapphire, need consideration. © 2009 SPIE.

Canning, J, Stevenson, M, Fenton, J, Aslund, M & Bandyopadhyay, S 1970, 'Strong regenerated gratings', SPIE Proceedings, 20th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, SPIE.
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Strong regenerated gratings are reported, with a maximum grating strength exceeding (40-50) dB. Further annealing between 1000 and 1100°C leads to a stabilised grating ∼18dB in strength. This suffers no further degradation at 1100°C for the period monitored, over 4 hrs. © 2009 SPIE.

Cao, L 1970, 'Data Mining in Financial Markets', Advanced Data Mining and Applications, 5th International Conference, ADMA 2009, International Conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 4-4.
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Cao, L, Luo, D & Zhang, C 1970, 'Ubiquitous Intelligence in Agent Mining', ADMI 2009, International Workshop on Agents and Data Mining Interaction, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 23-35.
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Agent mining, namely the interaction and integration of multi-agent and data mining, has emerged as a very promising research area. While many mutual issues exist in both multi-agent and data mining areas, most of them can be described in terms of or related to ubiquitous intelligence. It is certainly very important to define, specify, represent, analyze and utilize ubiquitous intelligence in agents, data mining, and agent mining. This paper presents a novel but preliminary investigation of ubiquitous intelligence in these areas. We specify five types of ubiquitous intelligence: data intelligence, human intelligence, domain intelligence, network and web intelligence, organizational intelligence, and social intelligence. We define and illustrate them, and discuss techniques for involving them into agents, data mining, and agent mining for complex problem-solving. Further investigation on involving and synthesizing ubiquitous intelligence into agents, data mining, and agent mining will lead to a disciplinary upgrade from methodological, technical and practical perspectives.

Cao, Y, Peng, X, Kun, Z, Niu, Z, Xu, G & Wang, W 1970, 'Query Expansion Based on Query Log and Small World Characteristic', WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING - WISE 2009, PROCEEDINGS, 10th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (WISE 2009), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Poznan, POLAND, pp. 573-580.
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Catley, C, Smith, K, McGregor, C & Tracy, M 1970, 'Extending CRISP-DM to incorporate temporal data mining of multidimensional medical data streams: A neonatal intensive care unit case study', 2009 22nd IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, 2009 22nd IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS), IEEE.
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Using a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) case study, this work investigates the current CRoss Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) approach for modeling Intelligent Data Analysis (IDA)-based systems that perform temporal data mining (TDM). The case study highlights the need for an extended CRISP-DM approach when modeling clinical systems applying Data Mining (DM) and Temporal Abstraction (TA). As the number of such integrated TA/DM systems continues to grow, this limitation becomes significant and motivated our proposal of an extended CRISP-DM methodology to support TDM, known as CRISP-TDM. This approach supports clinical investigations on multi-dimensional time series data. This research paper has three key objectives: 1) Present a summary of the extended CRISP-TDM methodology; 2) Demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model to the NICU data, focusing on the challenges associated with multi-dimensional time series data; and 3) Describe the proposed IDA architecture for applying integrated TDM. ©2009 IEEE.

Catley, C, Smith, K, McGregor, C & Tracy, M 1970, 'Extending CRISP-DM to Incorporate Temporal Data Mining of Multidimensional Medical Data Streams: A Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Case Study', 2009 22ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER-BASED MEDICAL SYSTEMS, 22nd IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, IEEE, Albuquerque, NM, pp. 418-+.

Chaczko, Z, Kohli, AS, Chiu, C & Mahadevan, V 1970, 'Patient Information Management: Application of Performance Theories for Healthcare', 2009 International Conference on Information and Multimedia Technology, 2009 International Conference on Information and Multimedia Technology, IEEE, Jeju Island, South Korea, pp. 173-178.
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This paper conceptualises the development of a Patient Information Management system to assist health care professionals and carers in providing an enhanced level of support to patients. By focusing on throughput analysis and mission criticality the system designers can make valued judgement on the needs of the professional and system's long term requirements.

Chaczko, Z, Moses, P & Chiu, C 1970, 'Co-operative Extended Kohonen Mapping (EKM) for Wireless Sensor Networks.', EUROCAST, International Conference Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain February 15-20, 2009, Springer, Spain, pp. 897-904.
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This paper discusses a methodology to manage wireless sensor networks (WSN) with self-organising feature maps, using co-operative Extended Kohonen Maps (EKMs). EKMs have been successfully demonstrated in other machine-learning contexts such as learning sensori-motor control and feedback tasks. Through a quantitative analysis of the algorithmic process, an indirect-mapping EKM can self-organise from a given input space, such as theWSNs external factors, to administer theWSNs routing and clustering functions with a control parameter space. Preliminary results demonstrate indirect mapping with EKMs provide an economical control and feedback mechanism by operating in a continuous sensory control space when compared with direct mapping techniques. By training the control parameter, a faster convergence is made with processes such as the recursive least squares method. The management of a WSNs clustering and routing procedures are enhanced by the co-operation of multiple self-organising EKMs to adapt to actively changing conditions in the environment.

CHACZKO, Z, MOULTON, B, MAHADEVAN, V & CAROLY, M 1970, 'DEVELOPMENT OF A PLATFORM-INDEPENDENT SCADA SYSTEM FOR HOTEL AUTOMATION USING SOAP PROTOCOL', Software Technology and Engineering, Proceedings of the International Conference on ICSTE 2009, WORLD SCIENTIFIC.
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Chakraborty, S & Yeh, C-H 1970, 'A simulation comparison of normalization procedures for TOPSIS', 2009 International Conference on Computers & Industrial Engineering, Industrial Engineering (CIE39), IEEE, Troyes, FRANCE, pp. 1815-1820.
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Chan, KY, Yiu, KFC, Low, SY, Nordholm, S & Ling, SH 1970, 'Speech recognition enhancement using beamforming and a genetic algorithm', NSS: 2009 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORK AND SYSTEM SECURITY, International Conference on network and System Security, IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 510-515.
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This paper proposes a genetic algorithm (GA) based beamformer to optimize speech recognition accuracy for a pretrained speech recognizer. The proposed beamformer is designed to tackle the non-differentiable and non-linear natures of speech recognition by employing the GA algorithm to search for the optimal beamformer weights. Specifically, a population of beamformer weights is reproduced by crossover and mutation until the optimal beamformer weights are obtained. Results show that the speech recognition accuracies can be greatly improved even in noisy environments.

Chandran, D 1970, 'Social networking on the Internet: Crisis puts a new face', Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Internet Technologies and Applications, ITA 09, International Conference on Internet Technologies and Applications, Glyndwr University, Wrexham, UK, Wrexham, UK, pp. 367-375.
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Over the past few years a dramatic increase in the use of Social networking websites, to the point in which it is considered unusually to not be part of one (or more) of them. Rather than attempt to explore a very specific section of social networking websites, I chose to look at some of the issues which have received some review over the past few years, and highlight some of the communication issues that result from the increased use of these websites. For this study, MySpace, Facebook and Friendster have been considered. Importance has been given to areas such as impression management, user profile, disclosure of personal information and role of these sites during the time of crisis. The paper suggests future areas of research.

Chang, L, Yu, JX & Qin, L 1970, 'Context-sensitive document ranking.', CIKM, ACM, pp. 1533-1536.
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Ranking is a main research issue in IR-styled keyword search over a set of documents. In this paper, we study a new keyword search problem, called context-sensitive document ranking, which is to rank documents with an additional context that provides additional information about the application domain where the documents are to be searched and ranked. The work is motivated by the fact that additional information associated with the documents can possibly assist users to find more relevant documents when they are unable to find the needed documents from the documents alone. In this paper, a context is a multi-attribute graph, which can represent any information maintained in a relational database. The context-sensitive ranking is related to several research issues, how to score documents, how to evaluate the additional information obtained in the context that may contribute the document ranking, how to rank the documents by combining the scores/costs from the documents and the context. More importantly, the relationships between documents and the information stored in a relational database may be uncertain, because they are from different data sources and the relationships are determined systematically using similarity match which causes uncertainty. In this paper, we concentrate ourselves on these research issues, and provide our solution on how to rank the documents in a context where there exist uncertainty between the documents and the context. We confirm the effectiveness of our approaches by conducting extensive experimental studies using real datasets. Copyright 2009 ACM.

Chang, L, Yu, JX & Qin, L 1970, 'Query ranking in probabilistic XML data.', EDBT, International Conference on Extending Database Technology, ACM, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, pp. 156-167.
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Twig queries have been extensively studied as a major fragment of XPATH queries to query XML data. In this paper, we study PXML-RANK query, (Q, k), which is to rank top-k probabilities of the answers of a twig query Q in probabilistic XML (PXML) data. A new research issue is how to compute top-k probabilities of answers of a twig query Q in PXML in the presence of containment (ancestor/descendant) relationships. In the presence of the ancestor/descendant relationships, the existing dynamic programming approaches to rank top-k probabilities over a set of tuples cannot be directly applied, because any node/edge in PXML may have impacts on the top-k probabilities of answers. We propose new algorithms to compute PXML-RANK queries efficiently and give conditions under which a PXML-RANK query can be processed efficiently without enumeration of all the possible worlds. We conduct extensive performance studies using both real and large benchmark datasets, and confirm the efficiency of our algorithms

Chang, RL, Stern, L, Sondergaard, H & Hadgraft, R 1970, 'Places for learning engineering: A preliminary report on informal learning spaces', 2009 Research in Engineering Education Symposium, REES 2009.
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This is a report on an investigation of undergraduate engineering learning spaces that were newly introduced in 2008. The new spaces include formal learning spaces designed to enable student-centred, small group learning, and informal café-style spaces. The project investigates the research question: Does an availability of spaces for informal learning lead to an increase in behaviours that one might expect to be conducive to increased informal or collaborative learning? The initial findings from the survey data suggest that there may be some increased use of informal learning spaces if they are made available to students. © 2009 Chang, R.L., Stern, L., Sondergaard, H., and Hadgraft, R.

Cheema, MA, Lin, X, Zhang, Y, Wang, W & Zhang, W 1970, 'Lazy updates', Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, VLDB Endowment, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Lyon, France, pp. 1138-1149.
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In this paper, we study the problem of continuous monitoring of reverse k nearest neighbor queries. Existing continuous reverse nearest neighbor monitoring techniques are sensitive towards objects and queries movement. For example, the results of a query are to be recomputed whenever the query changes its location. We present a framework for continuous reverse k nearest neighbor queries by assigning each object and query with a rectangular safe region such that the expensive recomputation is not required as long as the query and objects remain in their respective safe regions. This significantly improves the computation cost. As a by-product, our framework also reduces the communication cost in client-server architectures because an object does not report its location to the server unless it leaves its safe region or the server sends a location update request. We also conduct a rigid cost analysis to guide an effective selection of such rectangular safe regions. The extensive experiments demonstrate that our techniques outperform the existing techniques by an order of magnitude in terms of computation cost and communication cost.

Chen, B, Lam, W, Tsang, I & Wong, TL 1970, 'A semi-supervised framework for feature mapping and multiclass classification', Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics - 9th SIAM International Conference on Data Mining 2009, Proceedings in Applied Mathematics, SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, SIAM, Sparks, Nevada, pp. 337-348.
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We propose a semi-supervised framework incorporating feature mapping with multiclass classification. By learning multiple classification tasks simultaneously, this framework can learn the latent feature space effectively for both labeled and unlabeled data. The knowledge in the transformed space can be transferred not only between the labeled and unlabeled data, but also across multiple classes, so as to improve the classification performance given a small amount of labeled data. We show that this problem is equivalent to a sequential convex optimization problem by applying constraint concave-convex procedure (CCCP). Efficient algorithm with theoretical guarantee is proposed and computational issue is investigated. Extensive experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework.

Chen, B, Lam, W, Tsang, I & Wong, T-L 1970, 'Extracting discriminative concepts for domain adaptation in text mining', Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, KDD09: The 15th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, ACM, Paris, France, pp. 179-188.
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One common predictive modeling challenge occurs in text mining problems is that the training data and the operational (testing) data are drawn from different underlying distributions. This poses a great difficulty for many statistical learning methods. However, when the distribution in the source domain and the target domain are not identical but related, there may exist a shared concept space to preserve the relation. Consequently a good feature representation can encode this concept space and minimize the distribution gap. To formalize this intuition, we propose a domain adaptation method that parameterizes this concept space by linear transformation under which we explicitly minimize the distribution difference between the source domain with sufficient labeled data and target domains with only unlabeled data, while at the same time minimizing the empirical loss on the labeled data in the source domain. Another characteristic of our method is its capability for considering multiple classes and their interactions simultaneously. We have conducted extensive experiments on two common text mining problems, namely, information extraction and document classification to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method

Chen, L & Bhowmick, SS 1970, 'In the Search of NECTARs from Evolutionary Trees', DATABASE SYSTEMS FOR ADVANCED APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, 14th International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA, pp. 714-+.

Chen, L, Wright, P & Nejdl, W 1970, 'Improving music genre classification using collaborative tagging data', Proceedings of the Second ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining, WSDM'09: Second ACM International Conference on Web Search and Web Data Mining, ACM.
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Chen, P-Y, Van, L-D, Reddy, HC & Lin, C-T 1970, 'A new VLSI 2-D fourfold-rotational-symmetry filter architecture design', 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2009, IEEE, Taipei, TAIWAN, pp. 93-+.
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Chen, Y, Zhang, J & Jayalath, D 1970, 'Clipping Noise Compensation for OFDMA Systems', 2009 Australian Communications Theory Workshop, 2009 Australian Communications Theory Workshop (AusCTW), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 100-104.
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Chen, Y-C, Duann, J-R, Lin, C-L, Chuang, S-W, Jung, T-P & Lin, C-T 1970, 'Motion-Sickness Related Brain Areas and EEG Power Activates', FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, PROCEEDINGS, 5th International Conference on Foundation of Augmented Cognition, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, San Diego, CA, pp. 348-354.
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Cheng, E, Burnett, IS & Ritz, C 1970, 'The effect of microphone directivity patterns on spatial cues for reverberant multichannel meeting speech analysis', European Signal Processing Conference, pp. 2181-2185.
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Multiparty meetings common to many business environments often have participants who are generally stationary. Hence, active speakers can be disambiguated by location, and meeting analysis research groups have proposed the use of speaker location information (spatial cues) for meeting segmentation and higher level analysis. As the cues are estimated from multi-microphone recordings, this paper studies the effect of varying microphone directivity patterns on the spatial cue accuracy and reliability. Results from theoretical simulations and recordings from a real reverberant environment suggest that different spatial cues (based on inter-microphone signal time delays or amplitude level differences) optimally respond to different microphone directivity patterns, where time delay accuracy was found to be independent of the relative microphone configuration. © EURASIP, 2009.

Chen-Yu Lee, Chin-Teng Lin & Chao-Ting Hong 1970, 'Spatio-temporal analysis in smoke detection', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications, IEEE, pp. 80-83.
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Smoke detection in video surveillance images has been studied for years. However, given an image in open or large spaces with typical smoke and the disturbance of commonly moving objects such as pedestrians or vehicles, robust and efficient smoke detection is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we present a novel and reliable framework for automatic smoke detection. It exploits three features: edge blurring, the gradual change of energy and the gradual change of chromatic configuration. In order to gain proper generalization ability with respect to sparse training samples, the three features are combined using a support vector machine based classifier. This system has been run more than 6 hours in various conditions to verify the reliability of fire safety in the real world.

Chia-Ching Lin & Ziolkowski, RW 1970, 'Lower frequency metamaterial-inspired magnetic-based EZ antennas', 2009 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology, 2009 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology 'Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials' (iWAT), IEEE, Santa Monica, CA, pp. 25-28.
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Chiang, F & Braun, R 1970, 'A Biologically Inspired Service Architecture in Ubiquitous Computing Environments', Active and Programmable Networks - Proceedings of IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2009 - Lecture Notes In computer Science, International Working Conference on Active and Programmable Networks, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Sophia Antopolis, France, pp. 253-258.
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This paper describes the design of a scalable bio-mimetic framework in the management domain of complex Ubiquitous Service-Oriented Networks. An autonomous network service management platform - SwarmingNet is proposed. In this SwarmingNet architecture, the required network service processes are implemented by a group of highly diverse and autonomic objects. These objects are called TeleService Solons as elements of TeleService Holons, analogue to individual insects as particles of the whole colony. A group of TSSs have the capabilities of fulfilling the complex tasks relating to service discovery and service activation. We simulate a service configuration process for Multimedia Messaging Service, and a performance comparison is made between the bio-agents scheme and normal multi-agents scheme.

Choudhury, D & Nimbalkar, S 1970, 'Seismic stability of tailings dam by using pseudo-dynamic method', Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering: The Academia and Practice of Geotechnical Engineering, pp. 1542-1545.
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Seismic stability of tailings dams and embankments is an important topic which needs the special assessments by the researchers as it is mainly governed by the safety concerns. Several researchers in the past had attempted to investigate the seismic stability of earthen dams and embankments by using conventional pseudo-static method of analysis. However, the crude estimate of finding the approximate seismic acceleration makes the pseudo-static approach too conservative to adopt in the stability assessment. Although a few researchers in the recent past highlighted the limitations and drawbacks of the pseudo-static approach, there are very limited studies being reported worldwide for the seismic stability assessment of earthen dams and embankments by using alternative methods of analysis. In this paper, a recently developed and modified pseudo-dynamic method of analysis is used to compute the seismic inertia forces acting on the sliding wedge of the tailings dam by considering the effects of time of seismic accelerations, phase differences in the propagating shear and primary waves in the soil during an earthquake, frequency of earthquake excitation etc. with the horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations. The factor of safety decreases with increase in the seismic accelerations and phase difference in body waves. Influence of various parameters such as seismic acceleration coefficients, period of lateral shaking on seismic stability of tailings dam are studied under harmonic seismic loading conditions for both empty and full water cases. Present results are compared with the pseudo-static based solutions to validate the findings of the pseudo-dynamic method of analysis. © 2009 IOS Press.

Christie, D, Nimbalkar, S & Indraratna, B 1970, 'The performance of rail track incorporating the effects of ballast breakage, confining pressure and geosynthetic reinforcement', Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields - Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, 8th International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, CRC Press, Champaign, IL, pp. 5-24.
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Rail tracks are often placed on ballast which offers the desirable resiliency to cyclic loads. However ballasted beds need periodic maintenance due to deformation and degradation associated with breakage and fouling. A proper understanding of load transfer mechanisms and their effect on ballast breakage are prerequisites for minimizing maintenance costs. Recycled ballast is a cheaper and environmentally viable option but its strength characteristics need to be investigated beforehand. This paper demonstrates the analytical, numerical and laboratory investigations carried out to investigate the geotechnical behavior of ballast, including shear strength, ballast breakage, and confining pressure. The potential use of geosynthetics for improving the stability and drainage of railway tracks under high monotonic and cyclic loading is also studied. Field tests were carried out to measure the in-situ stresses of ballast on a section of instrumented track funded and built by RailCorp, Australia. © 2009 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Chuang, S-W, Huang, R-S, Ko, L-W, Jeng, J-L, Duann, J-R, Jung, T-P & Lin, C-T 1970, 'Independent modulators mediate spectra of multiple brain processes in a VR-based driving experiment', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, SPIE.
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This study explores the use of Independent Component Analysis (ICA) applied to normalized logarithmic spectral changes in the activities of brain processes separated by spatial filters learned from electroencephalogram (EEG) data using a temporal ICA. EEG data were collected during 1-2 hour virtual-reality based driving experiments, in which subjects were instructed to maintain their cruising position and compensate for randomly induced drifts using the steering wheel. ICA was first applied to 30-channel EEG data to separate the recorded signals into a sum of maximally temporally independent components (ICs) for each of 15 subjects. Logarithmic spectra of IC activities were then submitted to PCA-ICA to find spectrally fixed and temporally independent modulator (IM) processes. The second ICA detected and modeled independent co-modulatory systems that multiplicatively affect the activities of spatially distinct IC processes. Across subjects, we found two consistent temporally independent modulators: theta-beta and alpha modulators that mediate spectral activations of the distinct cortical areas when the participants experience waves of alternating alertness and drowsiness during long hour simulated driving. Furthermore, the time courses of the theta-beta modulator were highly correlated with concurrent changes in subject driving error (a behavioral index of drowsiness). © 2009 SPIE.

Clancy, M, Caspersen, M & Lister, R 1970, 'ICER'09 - Proceedings of the 2009 ACM Workshop on International Computing Education Research: Foreword', ICER'09 - Proceedings of the 2009 ACM Workshop on International Computing Education Research.

Clancy, M, Caspersen, ME & Lister, RF 1970, 'Proceeding of the fifth International workshop on Computing education research', Fifth International Computing Education Research Workshop, International Computing Education Research Workshop, Association for Computing Machinery, Berkeley, CA, USA, pp. 1-165.
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The fifth International workshop on Computing education research workshop attracted 24 submissions. All papers were double-blind peer-reviewed by members of the international program committee. After the reviewing, 13 papers (54%) were accepted for inclusion in the conference, written by authors across nine countries: Australia, Finland, Germany, Israel, New Zealand, Sweden, the Philippines, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. The papers spanned a wide variety of topics, including tools and tool use; conceptions, preconceptions, and misconceptions; attitudes; collaborative learning; research categorization; teacher adaptation to new paradigms; and broad-scale adoption of CS innovation.

Clarke, J, Lethbridge, J, Liu, RP & Terhorst, A 1970, 'Integrating mobile telephone based sensor networks into the sensor web', 2009 IEEE Sensors, 2009 IEEE Sensors, IEEE, Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND, pp. 1010-+.
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Cook, K, Canning, J, Pohl, AAP, Holdsworth, J, Stevenson, M, Bandyopadhyay, S & Groothoff, N 1970, 'Bragg grating writing in photonic crystal fibres', PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBERS III, Conference on Photonic Crystal Fibers III, SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC.
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Cook, K, Canning, J, Poon, CK & Pohl, AAP 1970, 'Tuneable ring-DFB PCF laser for ultra-high resolution spectroscopy', SPIE Proceedings, 20th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, SPIE.
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A stable, tunable, CW, narrow-linewdith ring distributed feedback (DFB) fibre laser fabricated in erbium-doped photonic crystal fibre is demonstrated. Wavelength tuning of this device using a piezoelectric transducer was utilized to probe the P11 molecular absorption band of acetylene (C2H 2) with a resolution of 0.45pm. Furthermore, by applying an AC voltage this absorption band could be continually-swept, allowing square-wave modulation of the DFB output at repetition rate of 500Hz. © 2009 SPIE.

Cook, K, Ducros, N, Fevrier, S, Aslund, M, Canning, J, Kar, AK & IEEE 1970, 'Bragg Gratings in Chalcogenide Optical Fibre written with a frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser', 2009 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1AND 2, 22nd Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Photonics-Society, IEEE, Belek, TURKEY, pp. 416-417.
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Cook, K, Poon, CK, Pohl, AAP, Canning, J & IEEE 1970, 'Acetylene line-width measurement using a piezo-tuned, erbium-doped ring DFB-PCF laser', 2009 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1AND 2, 22nd Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Photonics-Society, IEEE, Belek, TURKEY, pp. 264-265.
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Dalvand, H, Nguyen, HT & Ha, QP 1970, 'Design of Second-Order Sliding Mode Controllers for MR Damper-Embedded Smart Structures', Proceedings of the 2009 International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2009), 26th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), Austin USA, pp. 332-340.
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Design of a current controlled system for MR damper-embedded civil structures

Demirjian, S, Chaczko, Z, Moulton, B & Mahadevan, V 1970, 'EVALUATION OF AN APPRAOCH FOR DEVELOPING A TOUCH SCREEN UI FOR RESIDENTIAL AGED CARE SERVICES', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING, Proceedings of the International Conference on ICSTE 2009, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, pp. 215-221.
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Devetak, I, Brun, TA & Hsieh, M-H 1970, 'Entanglement-Assisted Quantum Error-Correcting Codes', New Trends in Mathematical Physics: Selected Contributions of the XVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics, International Congress on Mathematical Physics, Springer Netherlands, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, pp. 161-172.
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We develop the theory of entanglement-assisted quantum error correcting codes (EAQECCs), a generalization of the stabilizer formalism to the setting in which the sender and receiver have access to pre-shared entanglement. Conventional stabilizer codes are equivalent to self-orthogonal symplectic codes. In contrast, EAQECCs do not require self-orthogonality, which greatly simplifies their construction. We show how any classical quaternary block code can be made into a EAQECC. Furthermore, the error-correcting power of the quantum codes follows directly from the power of the classical codes.

Ding, GK & Ge, J 1970, 'Green revolution - a challenge to improve environmental performance of existing housing stocks', 2009 Conference on Green Building: Towards Eco-City, Conference on Green Building: Towards Eco-City, Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 135-149.
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Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing Australia today. This is a challenge and responsibility that is shared by all Australian households. Improvements to energy and water efficiency of houses can significantly cut greenhouse gas emissions and reduce utility bills. In July 2004 the New South Wales (NSW) government introduced the Building Sustainability Index (BASIX) to assess potential performance of a dwelling against a set of pre-determined criteria. Housing construction in NSW is the first in Australia to be subjected to mandatory sustainability requirements. BASIX is an online assessment tool which sets scores required to obtain development approval in new residential projects. BASIX is mandated only to improve environmental performance of new residential buildings and does not attempt to improve environmental performance of existing housing stocks which continue to consume natural resources and pollute the environment. Existing houses represent approximately 98% of residential building stocks in NSW and any improvement to these dwellings will have a profound impact on reducing the negative effects of the environment. This paper examines the sustainable upgrading strategies in improving environmental performance of three existing single dwellings in meeting the minimum BASIX requirements. This paper presents an economic analysis of sustainable upgrading using Net Present Value. The results suggest that sustainable upgrading of existing housing stocks is feasible and the scheme will be more attractive if the payback period is reduced with further government financial assistance.

Dissanayake, T, Esselle, KP & Yuce, M 1970, 'UWB antenna impedance matching in biomedical implants', European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2009, Proceedings, pp. 3523-3526.
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Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology has been considered for the physical layer in recently proposed IEEE802.15 standard (TG6) for Wireless Body Area networks. Wireless links covered by this standard will operate in UWB unlicensed band with antennas on implanted devices having small form factors. Except for those installed on-body and on external receivers, the antenna will be operating in-body, surrounded by body tissue. Body tissues have high dielectric constants and are highly dissipative. Once implanted beneath multiple layers of tissue, the device, which is expected to be consuming very low power, experience heavy losses in its transmission and reception path. Therefore, it is essential that antenna losses, both mismatch and resistive, are minimised. In this paper we will demonstrate a method to minimize antenna mismatch losses by loading the antenna with insulating material.

Dissanayake, T, Esselle, KP & Yuce, M 1970, 'UWB Antenna Impedance Matching in Biomedical Implants', 2009 3RD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOLS 1-6, 3rd European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, Berlin, GERMANY, pp. 3403-+.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 1970, 'A Hybrid Concept Similarity Measure Model for Ontology Environment', ON THE MOVE TO MEANINGFUL INTERNET SYSTEMS: OTM 2009 WORKSHOPS, On the Move Confederated International Conference and Workshops, Springer-verlag Berlin, Vilamoura, PORTUGAL, pp. 848-857.
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In this paper, we present a hybrid concept similarity measure model for the ontology environment. Whilst to date many similar technologies have been developed for semantic networks, few of them can be directly applied to the semantic-rich ontology enviro

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 1970, 'Paradox in Applications of Semantic Similarity Models in Information Retrieval', IT REVOLUTIONS, pp. 60-68.
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Semantic similarity models are a series of mathematical models for computing semantic similarity values among nodes in a semantic net. In this paper we reveal the paradox in the applications of these semantic similarity models in the field of information retrieval, which is that these models rely on a common prerequisite - the words of a user query must correspond to the nodes of a semantic net. In certain situations, this sort of correspondence can not be carried out, which invalidates the further working of these semantic similarity models. By means of two case studies, we analyze these issues. In addition, we discuss some possible solutions in order to address these issues. Conclusion and future works are drawn in the final section. © 2009 ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 1970, 'Semantic Service Search, Service Evaluation and Ranking in Service Oriented Environment', IT REVOLUTIONS, pp. 111-117.
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The theory of Service Oriented Environment (SOE) emerges with advanced connectivity of the Internet technologies, openness of business environment and prosperousness of business activities. Service, as a critical object impenetrating every corner of SOE, is a hot research topic in many research domains. Software Engineering (SE), as a subject in engineering field, its researchers pay more attention to supporting advanced technologies for promoting service activities in SOE. In this paper, we draw the position in the research field of semantic service search, service evaluation and ranking in SOE. By means of the case study and literature review research approach, we discover the research motivations and research issues in this field. © 2009 ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 1970, 'State of the Art in Semantic Focused Crawlers', COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS - ICCSA 2009, PT II, International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, Springer-verlag Berlin, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 910-924.
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Nowadays, the research of focused crawler approaches the field of semantic web, along with the appearance of increasing semantic web documents and the rapid development of ontology mark-up languages. Semantic focused crawlers are a series of focused craw

Dong, H, Hussain, FK, Chang, E & IEEE 1970, 'A Hybrid Service Metadata Clustering Methodology in the Digital Ecosystem Environment', 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INFORMATION NETWORKING AND APPLICATIONS WORKSHOPS: WAINA, VOLS 1 AND 2, International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, IEEE, Bradford, ENGLAND, pp. 238-243.
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Digital Ecosystem is defined as 'an open, loosely coupled, domain clustered, demand-driven, self-organizing and agent-based environment, in which each species is proactive and responsive for its own benefit and profit' [1]. Species in the Digital Ecosyst

Dong, H, Hussain, FK, Chang, E & IEEE 1970, 'An Ontology-based Webpage Classification Approach for the Knowledge Grid Environment', 2009 FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEMANTICS, KNOWLEDGE AND GRID (SKG 2009), International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge and Grid, IEEE, Zhuhai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 120-127.
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With the rapid growth of the amount of information available in the Web, webpage classification technologies are widely employed by many search engines in order to formulate user queries and make users' search tasks easier. Knowledge Grid is a new form o

Dong, Y, Blazeski, L, Sullivan, D, Kanhere, S & Chou, CT 1970, 'Petrolwatch: Using mobile phones for sharing petrol prices', The 7th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services, Kraków, Poland.
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Price dispersion of homogeneous goods is widely prevalent in our economy. For instance, on 18 January 2008, around 9pm, two service stations in Roseville, Sydney, that are less than 1 km apart, were selling unleaded fuel at 1.359 and 1.439 Australian dollars per litre. Consumers who have access to the pricing information can benefit economically (e.g., a 5.5% saving in the above scenario). Several websites such as GasBuddy,motormouth1 enable consumers to compare fuel prices. However, the fuel price information is collected manually, by volunteers or employees, which is cumbersome, error-prone and not up-to-date. In this demo, we will demonstrate the operation of our PetrolWatch system [2], [3], which automatically collects fuel prices using camera phones. This is the first instance of applying participatory sensing [1] in sharing consumer pricing information.

Dong, Y, Liu, R, Kanhere, S & Chou, C 1970, 'CONTEXT ASSISTED AUTOMATIC FUEL PRICE COLLECTION IN MOBILE PHONE BASED PARTICIPATORY SENSOR NETWORKS', 2009 5th International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, Melbourne.

Duan, L, Tsang, IW, Xu, D & Chua, TS 1970, 'Domain adaptation from multiple sources via auxiliary classifiers', Proceedings of the 26th International Conference On Machine Learning, ICML 2009, International Conference on Machine Learning, Omnipress, Montreal, Quebec, pp. 289-296.
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We propose a multiple source domain adaptation method, referred to as Domain Adaptation Machine (DAM), to learn a robust decision function (referred to as target classifier) for label prediction of patterns from the target domain by leveraging a set of pre-computed classifiers (referred to as auxiliary/source classifiers) independently learned with the labeled patterns from multiple source domains. We introduce a new data-dependent regularizer based on smoothness assumption into Least-Squares SVM (LS-SVM), which enforces that the target classifier shares similar decision values with the auxiliary classifiers from relevant source domains on the unlabeled patterns of the target domain. In addition, we employ a sparsity regularizer to learn a sparse target classifier. Comprehensive experiments on the challenging TRECVID 2005 corpus demonstrate that DAM outperforms the existing multiple source domain adaptation methods for video concept detection in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.

Duan, L, Tsang, IW, Xu, D & Chua, T-S 1970, 'Domain adaptation from multiple sources via auxiliary classifiers', Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML '09: The 26th Annual International Conference on Machine Learning held in conjunction with the 2007 International Conference on Inductive Logic Programming, ACM.
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We propose a multiple source domain adaptation method, referred to as Domain Adaptation Machine (DAM), to learn a robust decision function (referred to as target classifier) for label prediction of patterns from the target domain by leveraging a set of pre-computed classifiers (referred to as auxiliary/source classifiers) independently learned with the labeled patterns from multiple source domains. We introduce a new datadependent regularizer based on smoothness assumption into Least-Squares SVM (LS-SVM), which enforces that the target classifier shares similar decision values with the auxiliary classifiersfrom relevant source domains on the unlabeled patterns of the target domain. In addition, we employ a sparsity regularizer to learn a sparse target classifier. Comprehensive experiments on the challenging TRECVID 2005 corpus demonstrate that DAM outperforms the existing multiple source domain adaptation methods for video concept detection in terms of effectiveness and fficiency. Copyright 2009.

Duann, J-R, Chen, P-C, Ko, L-W, Huang, R-S, Jung, T-P & Lin, C-T 1970, 'Detecting Frontal EEG Activities with Forehead Electrodes', FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, PROCEEDINGS, 5th International Conference on Foundation of Augmented Cognition, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, San Diego, CA, pp. 373-379.
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Dyadyuk, V, Bunton, JD & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Study on high rate long range wireless communications in the 71-76 and 81-86 GHz bands', European Microwave Week 2009, EuMW 2009: Science, Progress and Quality at Radiofrequencies, Conference Proceedings - 39th European Microwave Conference, EuMC 2009, pp. 1315-1318.
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Performance of high data rate wireless line-of-sight communications in the E-band is analysed using an example of the spectrally efficient multi-gigabit system reported earlier. This paper discussed available technologies, potentials of a further increase of the communication range and challenges in development of the future multi-gigabit wireless networks. © 2009 EuMA.

Dyadyuk, V, Guo, YJ & Bunton, JD 1970, 'Multi-gigabit wireless communication technology in the E-band', 2009 1st International Conference on Wireless Communication, Vehicular Technology, Information Theory and Aerospace & Electronic Systems Technology, Electronic Systems Technology (Wireless VITAE), IEEE, pp. 137-141.
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The enabling technologies and challenges in development of multi-gigabit wireless communication systems in the E-band are discussed. Potentials of the further improvement of the fixed wireless links performance and feasibility of development of the future ad-hoc or mobile wireless networks in the E-band are evaluated. © 2009 IEEE.

Dyadyuk, V, Guo, YJ & Bunton, JD 1970, 'Multi-Gigabit Wireless Communication Technology in the E-band', 2009 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATION, VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, INFORMATION THEORY AND AEROSPACE & ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2, 1st International Conference on Wireless Communication, Vehicular Technology, Information Theory and Aerospace and Electronic Systems Technology, IEEE, Aalborg, DENMARK, pp. 142-146.

Dyson, L, Litchfield, A, Raban, R & Tyler, J 1970, 'mInteract: Online tool for sustainable active experiential mobile learning', ASCILITE 2009 - The Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, pp. 230-232.
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The rapid evolution and ubiquitous use of mobile devices is an historical opportunity to improve experiential interactivity in education practices to support 'deep' learning. A major barrier to the widespread adoption of mobile learning in higher education is that of cost. Opportunities to overcome this barrier include the high rate of ownership of mobile phones by university students and technological solutions such as packet transmission technologies. mInteract™ is an online system which uses packet technology to build no-to-low cost interactivity into learning spaces. mInteract supports sustainable active experiential learning transactions for both student and teacher. © 2009 Laurel Dyson, Andrew Litchfield Ryszard Raban and Jon Tyler.

Dyson, LE & Brady, F 1970, 'Mobile Phone Adoption and Use in Lockhart River Aboriginal Community', 2009 Eighth International Conference on Mobile Business, 2009 Eighth International Conference on Mobile Business, IEEE, Dalian, Liaoning, China, pp. 170-175.
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This paper reports on an ethnographic study of mobile phone adoption and use in a remote Aboriginal community in Cape York, Australia. The researchers found that, within nine months of the introduction of the 3G network, 58% of the Indigenous people interviewed had acquired a mobile phone, a much higher rate of adoption than any other ICT. The phones were employed for communication, with multimedia uses (music, games, videos, photos) also very popular. Issues included the cost, robustness and usability of the devices, although most people managed costs well by purchasing pre-paid phones. The findings suggest a number of possible initiatives that government, service providers and business could consider to leverage mobile phone usage and develop capacity in the community.

Dyson, LE, Litchfield, A, Raban, R & Tyler, J 1970, 'Interactive classroom mlearning and the experiential transactions between students and lecturer', ASCILITE 2009 - The Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, pp. 233-242.
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This paper seeks to address a major deficit in understandings of mobile learning, that is, its lack of a solid theoretical foundation. An overview of existing theoretical concepts of mobile learning is presented, followed by an analysis of interactive classroom systems and the learning that they provide. The implementation of a specific interactive system mInteract in the lectures of a large accounting subject is described. mInteract is a Web- based system using no-to-low cost data-packet technology and provides for interactions from students' own Internet-enabled mobile devices. The paper examines, by means of reflections from the lecturer and students, the learning which took place during the implementation. The analysis demonstrates that interactive mobile learning can be interpreted using experiential learning theory, and that both students and lecturers engage in experiential learning. Furthermore, they enter into transactions of knowledge which are facilitated by the mobile learning system. © 2009 Laurel Evelyn Dyson, Andrew Litchfield, Ryszard Raban and Jonathan Tyler.

Dyson, LE, Litchfield, AJ, Raban, R & Tyler, JV 1970, 'Reflections on interactive classroom mLearning and the experiential transactions between students and lecturer', Same places, different spaces. Proceedings ascilite Auckland 2009, Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, The University of Auckland, Auckland University of Technology, and Australasian Society for Computer, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 232-242.
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This paper seeks to address a major deficit in understandings of mobile learning, that is, its lack of a solid theoretical foundation. An overview of existing theoretical concepts of mobile learning is presented, followed by an analysis of interactive classroom systems and the learning that they provide. The implementation of a specific interactive system mInteract in the lectures of a large accounting subject is described. mInteract is a Webbased system using no-to-low cost data-packet technology and provides for interactions from students own Internet-enabled mobile devices. The paper examines, by means of reflections from the lecturer and students, the learning which took place during the implementation. The analysis demonstrates that interactive mobile learning can be interpreted using experiential learning theory, and that both students and lecturers engage in experiential learning. Furthermore, they enter into transactions of knowledge which are facilitated by the mobile learning system.

Eager, D & Chapman, C 1970, 'A portable data acquisition system for the measurement of impact attenuation material properties', IFMBE Proceedings, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 148-151.
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A variety impact attenuating materials are used for injury prevention and risk minimization in a variety of applications, including children's playground surface, padding for trampoline frames, padding at the entrance and exit of inflatables, at the base of artificial climbing structures, and many other fall-zone applications. This paper details the development and description of a cordless impact measurement system. The electronics include a microprocessor based system located within the missile that controls the sampling, collates and processes the data prior to transmission. The data is then transmitted via a wireless connection to the laptop where it is imported via a custom driver into LabVIEW to undergo further post-processing and display in a user friendly GUI. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Eastwood, M & Gabrys, B 1970, 'A Non-sequential Representation of Sequential Data for Churn Prediction', KNOWLEDGE-BASED AND INTELLIGENT INFORMATION AND ENGINEERING SYSTEMS, PT I, PROCEEDINGS, 13th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Univ Chile, Fac Phys Sci & Math, Santiago, CHILE, pp. 209-218.
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Eslava, S, Urrutia, J, Busawon, AN, Baklanov, MR, Iacopi, F, Maex, K, Kirschhock, CEA & Martens, JA 1970, 'Effects of Silica Sources on Nanoporous Organosilicate Films Templated with Tetraalkylammonium Cations', MRS Proceedings, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, pp. 53-58.
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AbstractNanoporous organosilicate films have been recently prepared using tetraalkylammonium cations in acid and basic media, outperforming other materials. Resulting films using basic medium were called zeolite-inspired low-k dielectrics. Here we study the dependence of the properties of these films on the used silica sources: methyltrimethoxy silane (MTMS) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). A set of experiments varying the MTMS:TEOS ratio were prepared in acid medium and characterized. A textural, physico-chemical, mechanical, and electrical characterization of this series of experiments is presented.

Eyal, A & Braun, R 1970, 'A Model for Scalable and Autonomic Network Management', ACTIVE AND PROGRAMMABLE NETWORKS, 7th International Working Conference on Active and Programmable Networks, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Sophia Antipolis, FRANCE, pp. 194-199.

Eyal, A & Braun, R 1970, 'A Model for Scalable and Autonomic Network Management', Seventh Annual International Working Conference on Active and Programmable Networks, International Working Conference on Active and Programmable Networks, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Nice, France, pp. 194-199.
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Current telecommunication network management systems rely extensively on human intervention. They are also prone to fundamental changes as the managed network evolves. These two attributes, combined with the growing complexity of networks and services, make the cost of network management very high. In recent years, we have witnessed the emergence of artificial intelligence applications. Some are aimed at the creation of autonomic network management systems. This paper offers a novel approach to the design of a network management system that incorporates intelligent agents. As a benchmark to this model, we use two approaches most widely in use in network management systems today. The focus of this paper is on synchronization issues, service discovery and policy enforcement.

Fachrunnisa, O, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 1970, 'Current research trends and directions for future research in trust maintenance for virtual environments', Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services, iiWAS '09: 11th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services, ACM, pp. 718-724.
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Trust is widely acknowledged as being important for the efficient and effective operation of business in virtual environments. This is because trust functions like a glue that holds and links virtual agents together as they relate and collaborate remotely. In virtual environments, trust needs to be established swiftly as there is little time to build it gradually in the absence of face-to-face meetings. However, the manner in which trust develops and is maintained is a critical factor in relationships, both physically and virtually. In virtual environments, trust needs to be managed including network connection as well as social aspects of interaction. Maintaining trust in virtual environments is defined as an effort to maximize the benefits of such virtual relationship and to prevent the level of trust from decreasing. In this paper, we undertake a general survey of the current situation of trust maintenance in virtual environments. We review several researches from the perspective of terminology, strategies presented, and types of strategies. We describe the benefits and shortcomings of each strategy, conduct an integrative review of these strategic approaches, and make suggestions for future research. © 2010 ACM.

Fang, G & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'BodyMAC: Energy efficient TDMA-based MAC protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks', 2009 9th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology, 2009 9th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology (ISCIT), IEEE, pp. 1455-1459.
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Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) enable placement of tiny biomedical sensors on or inside the human body to monitor vital body signs. The IEEE 802.15.6 task group is developing a standard to optimize WBAN performance by defining the physical layer (PHY) and media access control (MAC) layer specifications. In this paper an energy efficient MAC protocol (BodyMAC) is proposed. It uses flexible bandwidth allocation to improve node energy efficiency by reducing the possibility of packet collisions and by reducing radio transmission times, idle listening and control packets overhead. BodyMAC is based on a Downlink and Uplink scheme in which the Contention Free Part in the Uplink subframe is completely collision free. Three types of bandwidth allocation mechanisms allow for flexible and efficient data and control communications. An efficient Sleep Mode is introduced to reduce the idle listening duration, especially for low duty cycle nodes in the network. Simulation results show superior performance of BodyMAC compared to that of the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC. ©2009 IEEE.

Ferguson, S & Beilharz, KA 1970, 'An Interface for Live Interactive Sonification', Proceedings of New Interfaces for Musical Expression, New Interfaces for Musical Expression, NIME, Pittsburgh PA, pp. 35-36.
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Fis, AM & Cetindamar, D 1970, 'Unlocking the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and performance', PICMET '09 - 2009 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering & Technology, Technology, IEEE, pp. 1819-1830.
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Corporate entrepreneurship is the implementation of a value creation process in an organizational setting. Consistent with the Schumpeterian understanding of entrepreneurship, a "new combination" that should directly affect the performance of the firm is formed; and the process of forming this new combination manifests itself as an outcome of a complex social mechanism affected by internal and external factors. However, in spite of the biasing anecdotal evidence, conventional wisdom, and tendency in favor of entrepreneurship, a "black box" between firm-level entrepreneurship and performance has pervaded the relationship. Nevertheless, the model proposed in this study brings a new and distinguishing line of sight into the firm-level entrepreneurship literature: rather than being an equivalent, the entrepreneurial orientation construct is treated as an antecedent of corporate entrepreneurship; moreover the behavioral construct of corporate entrepreneurship is placed in between this strategic posture and performance, to complete "the missing" link between firm-level entrepreneurship and performance. It is proposed that this formulation of roles and meanings attached to both terms, leads to a solid, conclusive, and systematic direct positive relationship between firm level entrepreneurship and performance. Empirical findings confirm this proposal, making this formulation the most important contribution of this study to the firm level entrepreneurship literature. © 2009 PICMET.

Fitch, R, Lal, R & IEEE 1970, 'Experiments with a ZigBee Wireless Communication System for Self-Reconfiguring Modular Robots', ICRA: 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-7, IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Kobe, JAPAN, pp. 3965-3970.

Folowosele, F, Etienne-Cummings, R & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'A CMOS switched capacitor implementation of the Mihalas-Niebur neuron', 2009 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference, 2009 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), IEEE, pp. 105-108.
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The Mihalas-Niebur neural model is a generalized model of the leaky integrate-and-fire neuron with adaptive threshold. It has been shown in simulation to be capable of producing most of the known spiking and bursting patterns of cortical neurons [1]. We present results from the first circuit implementation of the model with six spiking patterns observed in biological regular-spiking, fast-spiking and low-threshold spiking inhibitory neurons. The circuit was implemented in a 0.5um CMOS process occupying an area of 277um by 177um. ©2009 IEEE.

Folowosele, F, Harrison, A, Cassidy, A, Andreou, AG, Etienne-Cummings, R, Mihalas, S, Niebur, E & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'A switched capacitor implementation of the generalized linear integrate-and-fire neuron', 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2009, IEEE, Taipei, TAIWAN, pp. 2149-+.
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Francois, R, Castel, A & Zhang, R 1970, 'Effect of corrosion on load-bearing capacity and flexural stiffness of reinforced concrete elements', RILEM Workshop on Long-Term Performance of Cementitious Barriers and Reinforced Concrete in Nuclear Power Plants, NUCPERF 2009, RILEM Workshop on Long-Term Performance of Cementitious Barriers and Reinforced Concrete in Nuclear Power Plants, R I L E M PUBLICATIONS, Cadarache, FRANCE, pp. 23-31.
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This article deals with the long term performance of reinforced concrete elements aged in chloride environment. The analysis of the initiation phase of corrosion show that for a same concrete an increase of concrete cover is not sufficient to delay the onset of corrosion. The analysis of the serviceability of reinforced concrete members allows to highlight two different behaviours during the propagation phase: The first phase points out a decrease of the stiffness of reinforced concrete element due to the decrease of bond between rebars and this phase is followed by a stabilisation of stiffness when the bond is totally loss; then the corrosion process could continue without external sign or warnings. The analysis of the load-bearing capacity after 14 and 23 years allows to understand the relationship between the ultimate load and the steel cross-section reduction due to corrosion. Regarding the structural performance reduction, results have shown that the propagation period can be as long as the initiation phase in the service life. Therefore, the propagation period should be considered as a normal step in the service life.

Fu, CM-S & Lu, DD-C 1970, 'Shorting-inductor approach for dimming high power light-emitting diodes', 2009 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS), 2009 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS 2009), IEEE, pp. 417-422.
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Parallel dimming for reducing the intensity of High Power Light-Emitting Diode (HP-LED) is an effective way of achieving high contrast ratio and wide dimming range. However the scheme has limitation due to response of control loop and higher power dissipation due to losses during turn-off period. Therefore shorting-inductor approach is proposed in this paper which is capable of achieving improvement in efficiency while keeping similar level of performance. Moreover the proposed strategy for dimming HP-LED is considered to be more flexible in its design. For example the converter can provide dimming feature even if controller is not used to keep track of inductor current. This indicates performance of the method is assured with different types of control strategy which implies wider deployment in different applications.

Gabrys, B 1970, 'Learning with Missing or Incomplete Data', IMAGE ANALYSIS AND PROCESSING - ICIAP 2009, PROCEEDINGS, 15th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (ICIAP 2009), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Vietri sul Mare, ITALY, pp. 1-4.
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Gall, M, Grill, A, Iacopi, F, Koike, J & Usui, T 1970, 'Materials, Processes, and Reliability for Advanced Interconnects for Micro- and Nanoelectronics - 2009: Preface', Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings.

Gannapathy, VR, Ahmad, MR, Suaidi, MK, Johal, MS & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Concurrent MAC with Short Signaling for multi-hop Wireless Mesh Networks', 2009 International Conference on Ultra Modern Telecommunications & Workshops, Workshops (ICUMT), IEEE.
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The IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol continues to suffer from throughput degradation when directly applied in multi-hop Wireless Mesh Network (WMN). The Request-to-Send/Clear-to-Send (RTS/CTS) signaling partially solved hidden node problems however the exposed node problems remain unaddressed. The IEEE 802.11 MAC does not allow the exposed nodes to initiates its transmission for the entire duration of ongoing transmission over multi-hop network leads to throughput degradation. Moreover, the amount of needed signaling packets takes place at every hop reduces the overall multi-hop throughput significantly. This project proposes a set of enhancement to the existing IEEE 802.11 DCF MAC by enabling concurrent transmission by the exposed nodes and reduces the amount of signaling packets (CMAC-SS) required at every hop until the data packet reaches its destination. Analytical models are developed and simulated over quasi-static Rayleigh fading channel. The multi-hop network performances are evaluated in terms of throughput and delay. The CMAC-SS protocol outperforms the existing IEEE DCF MAC with more than 14% increase in overall throughput of multi-hop WMN. ©2009 IEEE.

Gao, Y, Zhang, G & Lu, J 1970, 'A particle swarm optimization based algorithm for fuzzy bilevel decision making with constraints-shared followers', Proceedings of the 2009 ACM symposium on Applied Computing, SAC09: The 2009 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, ACM, Hawaii, USA, pp. 1075-1079.
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In a bilevel decision problem, decision making may involve multiple followers and fuzzy demands. This research focuses on the problem of fuzzy linear bilevel decision making with multiple followers who share common constraints (FBCSF). Based on the ranking relationship among fuzzy sets defined by cut set and satisfactory degree , a FBCSF model is presented and a particle swarm optimization based algorithm is developed. The experiments reveal that solutions obtained by this algorithm are reasonable and stable.

Gao, Y, Zhang, G, Lu, J & Wee, H-M 1970, 'A Fuzzy Bi-level Pricing Model and a PSO Based Algorithm in Supply Chains', NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS, International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 226-233.
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Due to rapid technological innovation and severe competition, the upstream component price and the downstream product cost in hi-tech industries usually decline significantly with time. In building a pricing supply chain model, some coefficients are generally obtained from experiments and cannot be defined as crisp numbers. Thus, an effective fuzzy pricing supply chain model becomes crucial. This paper establishes a fuzzy bi-level pricing model for buyers and vendors in supply chains. Then, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based algorithm is developed to solve problems defined by this model. Experiments show that this PSO-based algorithm can solve fuzzy bi-level pricing problems effectively.

Gay, V, Leijdekkers, P & Barin, E 1970, 'A mobile rehabilitation application for the remote monitoring of cardiac patients after a heart attack or a coronary bypass surgery.', PETRA, International Conference on PErvsive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments, ACM, Corfu, Greece, pp. 1-7.
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This paper describes a personalised rehabilitation application using a smart phone (PDA) and wireless (bio) sensors. It instructs and motivates patients to follow their exercise programme and keeps track of their progress. It also monitors the relevant biosignals and provides immediate feedback to the patient. Sensors transmit data to the mobile phone where it is analysed locally and the data can also be instantaneously transmitted to a healthcare centre for remote monitoring by a health professional. The rehabilitation application is personalised for each cardiac patient and provides tailored advice (e.g. exercise more, slow down). A trial with a rehabilitation centre is in progress in which we investigate whether the personalised rehabilitation application improves the success of the rehabilitation programme in terms of patient compliance with recommended life style changes (such as increase physical activity or lose weight) and whether use of the system brings peace of mind to cardiac patients.

Ge, J & Ding, GK 1970, 'Energy efficient and water reduction programs on households in Australia', 2009 Conference on Green Building: Towards Eco-City, Conference on Green Building: Towards Eco-City, Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministgry of the Interior, Taiwan, pp. 56-66.
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In 2009, the Australian government has formulated strategies to provide $3.9 billion Energy Efficient Home Package for cutting energy waster and $12.9 billion Water for the Future plan for reducing the use of drinking water, aim of tackling climate change and reducing green house emission. Under the strategies, there are incentive schemes for households of the existing homes, which include a) rebates of up to $500 for installing a new rainwater tank or a permanent grey water treatment system; b) offers of up to $1,600 ceiling insulation or installation of solar hot water system or an assistance of up to $1,000 installing insulation in private rental properties; c) cash rebates of up to $8,000 for the installation of solar photovoltaic systems on homes; and d) providing detailed, quality household sustainability assessments and green renovations packs to Australian households as well as access to low interest Green Loans of up to $10,000 each to make existing homes more energy and water efficient. This paper studies whether the incentive schemes motivate households and how much attraction of the schemes for households. The paper starts to review government policies for home energy efficient and water reduction programs in Australia and compare schemes provided by other countries. Case studies on incomes and expenses for a standard family, costs and benefits, as well as elements impact on households of taking the government incentive schemes are examined. The paper comments on the current incentive programs provided by the government and argue that education on attitude toward saving electricity and water should be one of the important parts of the programs.

Ge, JX & Ding, GKC 1970, 'Cost Effective and Sustainable?: Photovoltaic (PV) Rebate Program in Australia', 2009 International Conference on Management and Service Science, 2009 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS), IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 1-4.
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The Australian Government has recently announced a Renewable Energy Target (RET) scheme to provide up front payments of $8,000 for around 25,250 households of income less than $100,000 per year installing a 150 watt solar panel system starting on 01 July 2009 using $202 million taxpayers money. The scheme has not included households income greater than $100,000, nor for developers who produce new houses. Whether the policies are effective and sustainable are arguable. This paper examines policies designed to encourage households to install solar panel system in Australia and demonstrates reasons for supporting developers to build green houses using Net Present Value (NPV) rule in a case study. The findings suggest that the government should support installation of solar systems in both households and the developers.

Ge, Y & Esselle, KP 1970, 'A dielectric resonator antenna for UWB applications', 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), IEEE.
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A stacked ultra-wideband dielectric resonator antenna of rectangular shape is presented. The antenna is composed of a dielectric resonator and a thin dielectric segment. Both reside above a ground plane, and is excited by a coaxial probe. Unlike in previous designs that have a dielectric resonator of a lower permittivity above one or more thin segments of higher permittivity, the top dielectric resonator in this antenna has a higher permittivity than the lower segment. Theoretical results show that an ultra-wide band 10-dB return loss, from 3.1 GHz to 10.7 GHz, can be achieved. © 2009 IEEE.

Ge, Y & Esselle, KP 1970, 'A Dielectric Resonator Antenna for UWB Applications', 2009 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM AND USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium /USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, N Charleston, SC, pp. 2268-2271.

Ge, Y & Esselle, KP 1970, 'A UWB Probe-fed Dielectric Resonator Antenna', 2009 IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5, 69th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE, Barcelona, SPAIN, pp. 302-303.

Ge, Y & Esselle, KP 1970, 'A UWB Probe-Fed Dielectric Resonator Antenna', VTC Spring 2009 - IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2009 IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference Spring, IEEE.
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This paper presents a stacked rectangular dielectric resonator antenna for ultra-wideband applications. The antenna is composed of a dielectric resonator and a thin dielectric segment, and is excited by a coaxial probe. Theoretical results show that an ultra-wide band, from 3.1 GHz to 10.7 GHz, can be achieved. © 2009 IEEE.

Ge, Y & Esselle, KP 1970, 'An extremely compact dielectric resonator antenna for space-limited UWB wireless communication devices', European Microwave Week 2009, EuMW 2009: Science, Progress and Quality at Radiofrequencies, Conference Proceedings - 6th European Radar Conference, EuRAD 2009, 6th European Radar Conference, IEEE, Rome, ITALY, pp. 393-396.
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An extremely compact ultrawideband (UWB) dielectric resonator antenna is presented for potential use in compact UWB wireless communication devices. The antenna consists of a dielectric resonator of relatively high permitted attached to a thin dielectric segment of relatively low permittivity, positioned on a ground plane. The current version is fed by a coaxial probe although other feeding methods are possible. The use of two dielectrics and multiple resonance modes have helped this design to cover the entire FCC UWB band (3.1 - 10.6 GHz, 1:3.4 or 109.5% bandwidth) in a very small volume. The antenna size has been further reduced, without compromising the bandwidth, by removing about half of the dielectric volume and applying a metal coating on one side of the dielectrics. © 2009 EuMA.

Ge, Y, Esselle, KP & Bird, TS 1970, 'Designing a Partially Reflective Surface with Increasing Reflection Phase for Wide-band EBG Resonator Antennas', 2009 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM AND USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium /USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, N Charleston, SC, pp. 1204-1207.

Ge, Y, Sun, Y, Lu, S & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'ADSD: An Automatic Distributed Spectrum Decision method in Cognitive Radio networks', 2009 First International Conference on Future Information Networks, 2009 First International Conference on Future Information Networks (ICFIN), IEEE, pp. 253-258.
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With the development of Cognitive Radio networks, in order to fully utilize the scarce spectrum resources, secondary users are capable of exploiting the available spectrum of primary users. However, when there are several spectrum options available, how to select an appropriate one for the secondary user according to the spectrum quality and the QoS requirements of different kinds of applications is a new challenge. In this paper, we propose a new Automatic Distributed Spectrum Decision (ADSD) method to solve this problem. ADSD considers multiple characterization parameters, in particular, the primary users' arrival probability, to estimate the quality of the available spectrum options. A weight self-generation mechanism is included to automatically determine the weights of different parameters, thus avoiding the difficulty and irrationality when relying on the users to specify the weights directly. In addition, in conjunction with the reconfiguration mechanism, ADSD can reduce the rate of spectrum handoffs by reconfiguring the transmission parameters rather than making a new decision for the existing transmission. Simulation results show that without any users' interference, ADSD can automatically select the appropriate spectrum for transmission and significantly improve the Cognitive Radio network performance in terms of throughput and the spectrum handoff rate. ©2009 IEEE.

Goyal, ML & Zhang, G 1970, 'Using Attribute and Attitude Assessment for Bidding in Automated Auctions', The 11th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications and Services (iiWAS 2009), Information Integration and Web-based Applications and Services, ACM, Kaula Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 1-5.
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An automated auction is an efficient market institution for realworld trading of commodities. This paper presents a novel fuzzy bidding strategy(FAA-Bid), which employs assessments of multiple attributes of items as well as agents attitude on bidding item to procure an item in automated auction. The assessment of attributes adapts the fuzzy sets technique to handle uncertainty of the bidding process as well use heuristic rules to determine attitude of bidding agents in simulated auctions to procure goods. The overall assessment is used to determine a price range based on current bid, which finally selects the best one as the new bid.

Goyal, ML & Zhang, G 1970, 'Using attribute and attitude assessment for bidding in automated auctions.', iiWAS, ACM, pp. 380-384.
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An automated auction is an efficient market institution for real-world trading of commodities. This paper presents a novel fuzzy bidding strategy (FAA-Bid), which employs assessments of multiple attributes of items as well as agents' attitude on bidding item to procure an item in automated auction. The assessment of attributes adapts the fuzzy sets technique to handle uncertainty of the bidding process as well use heuristic rules to determine attitude of bidding agents in simulated auctions to procure goods. The overall assessment is used to determine a price range based on current bid, which finally selects the best one as the new bid. © 2010 ACM.

Gray, SD & Ball, JE 1970, 'Coupled One and Two-Dimensional Modelling in Urban Catchments-Reducing Uncertainty in Flood Estimation', Proceedings of H2009 the 32nd Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, Engineers Australia, Newcastle, Australia, pp. 420-429.
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This study tests the 1D/2D coupled modelling approach on its ability to emulate the âroad❠portion of runoff which is conveyed in the kerb/gutter alignment. The event modelled is an approximately 1 in 1 year ARI event in magnitude. Given itâs small ARI it may be supposed that it is mainly comprised of runoff from impervious surfaces (10% roof and 90% road and others). In the event flow from the road moves as sheet flow to the kerb where it is routed to inflow pits. Via the pits it enters the pipe and at the downstream end of the pipe it is gauged. The modelling system is found to be capable of matching the gauged hydrograph for the relatively small event very well. What is also found however is that model parameters that might, in a 1D model, be relatively well informed by field inspection, are instead required to be altered outside recommended ranges in order to optimise the fit between gauged and modelled flow. That is, there is a degree of conceptualisation in the 1D/2D system that was unexpected.

Guo, L, Guo, N, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG, Guo, Y & Wang, Y 1970, 'Optimization for Capacitor-Driven Coilgun Based on Equivalent Circuit Model and Genetic Algorithm', 2009 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, IEEE, San Jose, CA, pp. 651-+.

Guo, L, Wang, S, Guo, N, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG, Guo, Y, Wang, Y & Xu, W 1970, 'Analysis and Optimization of Electromagnetic Coilgun', APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS (II), 14th International Symposium on Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics (ISEM 2009), JAPAN SOCIETY APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS & MECHANICS, Xi'an Jiatong Univ, Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 161-+.

Guo, Y, Xu, W, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Wang, Y & Jin, J 1970, 'Design and analysis of a linear induction motor for a prototype HTS maglev transportation system', 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 81-84.
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This paper investigates the design and analysis of a linear induction motor (LIM) drive for a prototype transportation system, which is levitated by the interaction force between high temperature superconducting (HTS) bulks placed on the ground and permanent magnets (PMs) mounted on the bottom of the vehicle, while the driving force is provided by a linear induction motor system on the side of the prototype vehicle. An equivalent electrical circuit is applied to predict the motor characteristics and the computation results show that the proposed LIM drive system is appropriate for driving the HTS maglev transportation prototype.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Dorrell, D, Lu, H, Wang, Y & IEEE 1970, 'Development of a Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Motor with a Molded Low-Density Soft Magnetic Composite Stator Core', 2009 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, IEEE, San Jose, CA, pp. 703-710.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Wang, Y & Jin, J 1970, 'Design and analysis of a permanent magnet motor with SMC core for driving dishwasher pump', 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, 138, pp. 138-141.
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This paper presents the development of a permanent magnet motor with soft magnetic composite (SMC) stator core for driving a dishwasher pump. The unique properties of the SMC, such as 3D magnetic isotropy and molding production technique, have been taken into account in the design. 3D magnetic field finite element analysis is carried out to accurately compute the motor parameters and an equivalent electrical circuit is derived to predict the motor performance. Analysis results show that the developed motor is appropriate.

Guo, YG, Dou, YP, Zhu, JG, Zhan, YD & Jin, JX 1970, 'Parameter determination and performance analysis of a permanent magnet synchronous generator by magnetic field finite element analysis', Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, pp. 255-262.
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This paper presents the accurate determination of key parameters and performance analysis of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) by finite element magnetic field analysis, providing a sound basis for the machine design and optimisation. Parameters such as the winding flux, back electromotive force and inductances are accurately calculated based on a series of numerical field solutions and improved formulations. An equivalent electrical circuit is employed to derive the equation of the external characteristic, the most important performance of the synchronous generator. The theoretical calculations and analyses have been validated by the experimental results on the PMSG prototype. © Institution of Engineers Australia, 2009.

Gürtler, MR, Kreimeyer, M & Lindemann, U 1970, 'Extending the active sum/passive sum measure to include boolean operators: A case study', Proceedings of the 11th International DSM Conference, 11th International DSM Conference, Hanser, Greenville, South Carolina, pp. 79-92.

Ha Pham Ngoc, Fujita, H, Ozaki, K & Uchida, N 1970, 'Dynamic performance of a current-phase control method for zone-control induction heating systems', 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. ECCE 2009, IEEE, San Jose, CA, USA, pp. 833-839.
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Print Request Permissions This paper presents a phase angle control method of coil currents in a zone-control induction heating (ZCIH) system, which has split working coils on a work piece. The ZCIH system controls the amplitude of each coil current to make the temperature distribution on the work piece uniform. The coil currents should be adjusted to be in phase with each other to control the current amplitude in a wide range from 0 to 100%. This paper derives the phase-angle change of the coil current in transient states, and reveals that the phase-angle change can be considered as a first-order response. A phase-angle controller was designed and examined in experiments with a two-zone ZCIH system, making it possible to adjust the current phase angle not only in steady states but also in transient states.

Hajialilue-Bonab, M, Ahmadi-Adli, M, Sabetamal, H & Katebi, H 1970, 'The effects of sample dimension and gradation on shear strength parameters of conditioned soils in EPBM', Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground - Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium, IS-SHANGHAI 2008, pp. 295-299.
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Mechanical properties of conditioned soils in EPBM tunneling consist of lots of unknowns. In this research, the tests has been arranged to fulfill of four goals. Firstly the effects of conditioning on the shear strength variation have been investigated. Secondly an investigation on effects of conditioning on shear strength parameters (C, ψ) has been performed. In third step the results exerted from two previous stages have been compared for two shearing apparatuses of conventional and large shear boxes. The last goal of the research is exploration of effects of changes in conditioning parameters on shear strength. It is found that the C&ψ for tested soils obtained from large shear box are usually greater than the results of the same soil in conventional shear test. This result is less significant for conditioned soil with compared to unconditioned soil and it is found to be a function of injected foam content. © 2009 Taylor & Francis Group.

Hajialilue-Bonab, M, Sabetamal, H, Katebi, H & Ahmadi-Adli, M 1970, 'Experimental study on compressibility behavior of foamed sandy soil', Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground - Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium, IS-SHANGHAI 2008, pp. 301-306.
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In order to assess the influence of different foam types on compressibility behavior of conditioned sand, a set of tests were performed on three gradation of sandy soil. Some index tests were also undertaken for verifying foam agents characteristics and foam generator quality. Details and discussion about different aspects of mentioned cases have been presented in this paper. Compressibility tests were performed by a 151 mm diameter Rowe Cell and foam generation was carried out by foam generator which was constructed by the authors. © 2009 Taylor & Francis Group.

Hamilton, TJ, Nelson, NM, Sander, D & Abshire, P 1970, 'A cell impedance sensor based on a silicon cochlea', 2009 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference, 2009 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), IEEE, pp. 117-120.
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In this paper, we present the design of an integrated CMOS sensor for cell impedance measurement. To achieve simultaneous measurements over a wide frequency range, the impedance sensor has been developed using silicon cochleae as both the input stimulus generator and the output frequency analyzer. This solution, inspired by the accuracy and efficiency of biological systems, has several advantages. The silicon cochlea is able to make measurements over a very wide frequency range (from Hz to MHz) with variable resolution. Power consumption of the sensor is below 30μW due to the biasing regime used in the silicon cochleae. Furthermore, the implementation of the sensor is fully autonomous requiring no reference clocks or signal generators, facilitating integration into larger cell analysis systems. ©2009 IEEE.

Hamilton, TJ, Tapson, J, Rapson, M, Jin, C & Van Schaik, A 1970, 'Understanding the mathematics of hearing using electronic circuits', ANZIAM Journal, Australian Mathematical Publishing Association, Inc., pp. 300-300.
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The human cochlea is a fascinating transduction organ that illustrates the ingenious way in which engineering problems are solved in nature. A healthy cochlea has a dynamic range in the order of 120 dB; that is, the difference between the roar of the engines of a Boeing 747 and the faintest whisper. We discuss the recent assertion that the cochlea is governed by the dynamics of a Hopf bifurcation. In our cochlea model we discretise the basilar membrane into resonant sections with logarithmically decreasing characteristic frequencies. We show that the observed active behaviour of the cochlea can be modelled as a change in the quality factor of the individual resonant sections in a discretised model, and that this has dynamics which embody the Hopf bifurcation. © Austral. Mathematical Soc. 2010.

Hanlen, LW, Smith, D, Zhang, JA & Lewis, D 1970, 'Key-sharing via channel randomness in narrowband body area networks: Is everyday movement sufficient?', Proceedings of the 4th International ICST Conference on Body Area Networks, 4th International ICST Conference on Body Area Networks, ICST, ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering), pp. 17-17.
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Hao, H, Ding, L & Zhu, X 1970, 'INTERACTION BETWEEN VEHICLE AND BRIDGE WITH DIFFERENT RANDOM SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND ITS IMPLICATION ON DYNAMIC AXLE LOADS', ENVIRONMENTAL VIBRATIONS: PREDICTION, MONITORING, MITIGATION AND EVALUATION, VOLS I AND II, 4th International Symposium on Environment Vibrations - Prediction, Monitoring, Mitigation and Evaluation, SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1117-1125.

Hasan, M, Cheema, MA, Lin, X & Zhang, Y 1970, 'Efficient Construction of Safe Regions for Moving kNN Queries over Dynamic Datasets', LNCS - Advances in Spatial and Temporal Databases - Proceedings of SSTD, SSTD, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Aalborg, Denmark, pp. 373-379.
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The concept of safe region has been used to reduce the computation and communication cost for the continuous monitoring of k nearest neighbor (kNN) queries. A safe region is an area such that as long as a query remains in it, the set of its kNNs does not change. In this paper, we present an efficient technique to construct the safe region by using cheap RangeNN queries. We also extend our approach for dynamic datasets (the objects may appear or disappear from the dataset). Our proposed algorithm outperforms existing algorithms and scales better with the increase in k

Haskett, M, Ali, MSM, Oehlers, DJ & Wu, C 1970, 'Influence of Bond on the Hinge Rotation of FRP Plated Beams', Advances in Structural Engineering, SAGE Publications, pp. 833-843.
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Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) plate reinforcement is a brittle material which has a brittle interfacial bond with concrete. This can lead to the misconception that all FRP retrofitting techniques provide brittle members and, hence, limited rotational capacity which has severe limitations for structural applications. This paper shows that the FRP reinforcement behaviour is but one of three components that govern the rotational capacity of plated reinforced concrete beam hinges. It is shown that FRP retrofitted beams and slabs can achieve ductile behaviour and provide rotational capacity and, furthermore, that the rotational capacity of FRP plated members depends very importantly on the interface bond characteristics.

Havryliv, M, Geiger, F, Guertler, M, Naghdy, F & Schiemer, G 1970, 'The Carillon and Its Haptic Signature: Modeling the Changing Force-Feedback Constraints of a Musical Instrument for Haptic Display', HAPTIC AND AUDIO INTERACTION DESIGN, PROCEEDINGS, 4th International Conference on Haptic and Audio Interaction Design, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Dresden Univ Technol, Dresden, GERMANY, pp. 91-99.
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Hawryszkiewycz, I 1970, 'Workspace requirements for complex adaptive systems', 2009 International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems, 2009 International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems, IEEE, Baltimore, US, pp. 342-347.
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Business processes are becoming increasingly collaborative and dynamic in nature. Correspondingly computer systems must provide the systems to support both the collaboration and changing work practices. This paper describes the modelling and technical requirements to support such processes. It suggests that any support system must be consistent with the more open nature of dynamic systems and provide the design methods and technical support systems to support them. The paper describes a collaborative metamodel to model dynamic systems and ways to convert the models to implementations. The paper stresses the need for lightweight technologies to support dynamic systems and uses the models to define requirements of such technologies.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Identifying and Supporting Collaborative Architectures', Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 442-449.
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Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management', Third International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management: Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol 5914, International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Vienna, Austria, pp. 442-449.
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Knowledge management is becoming more integrated into business processes rather than as a standalone activity. Knowledge workers increasingly collaborate and share knowledge as the process proceeds to create new products and services. The paper proposes the development of a collaborative architecture to define the collaboration and a collaborative infrastructure to support the collaboration. It defines the collaborative architecture in terms of an enterprise social network. It then shows how to convert the collaborative architecture to a collaborative infrastructure based on Web 2.0 technologies

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Modeling Complex Adaptive Systems', Information Systems: Modeling, Development, and Integration: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, eCOMO, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Sydney, Australia, pp. 458-468.
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The paper describes ways to model systems that dynamically change as their environment changes. The generic term complex adaptive systems (Kovacs, 2005) is increasingly used to describe systems in such environments. Complex adaptive systems are generally defined (Holland, 1995) as made up of many agents (which may represent cells, individuals, firms, projects) acting in parallel, constantly acting and reacting to what the other agents are doing. The control of complex adaptive systems tends to be highly dispersed and decentralized. The overall behaviour of the system is the result of a huge number of decisions made every moment by many individual agents. Processes in such systems need to be equally adaptive and we refer to them as complex adaptive processes. Currently there are no widely accepted methodologies to model and design complex adaptive processes. Most methodologies for information systems design focus on prescribed processes. The paper describes ways to model such systems. The models will differ from existing modeling techniques as they combine business functions with social structures in ways that facilitate social connectivity and interactivity needed to adapt to changing situations within the business context. At the same time the social networks will be used to define the knowledge requirements that capture the outcome of work exchanges to support process continuity. It develops the idea of collaboration graphs to integrate social network into business models. It develops a blueprint based on three parts, business models, collaboration and knowledge and develops models based on integrating these three components. It then demonstrates the methods in outsourcing environments and principles of implementation of the models using contemporary technologies.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Specifying Collaborative System Requirements in Terms of Platforms and Services', Information Systems Development - Proceedings of 16th International Conference on Information Systems Development, International Conference on Information Systems Development, Springer US, Galway, Ireland, pp. 267-280.
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Increasing collaboration in business processes has resulted in increased demand for information systems that support collaboration in business processes. Many system development methodologies, however, are oriented towards defining processes that are fixed both in their process steps and process functions. Collaborative systems, however, are more uncertain in nature and collaborative processes usually evolve to accomplish the goal. Hence requirements cannot be specified to the same level of detail. Collaborative processes are often user driven and requirements must accommodate such users by providing a flexible platform of services that can be configured by users to fit their work practices. This paper introduces the concept of collaboration level as a way to specify collaborative platforms of services and ways to implement such platforms.

Herek, AM, Su, SW, Trinh, HM & Ha, QP 1970, 'Performance of First and Second-Order Sliding Mode Observers for Nonlinear Systems', Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Science and Technology, The International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Science and Technology, The University of Tasmania, Hobart Tasmania Australia, pp. 1-7.
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This paper presents a brief study on the design and performance comparison of conventional first-order and super-twisting second-order sliding mode observers for some nonlinear control systems. Estimation accuracy, fast response, chattering effect, peaking phenomenon and robustness are considered for nonlinear systems under observer-based output feedback control and state feedback control.

Herman, G, Ye, G, Yang Wang, Jie Xu & Bang Zhang 1970, 'Multi-instance learning with relational information of instances', 2009 Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 2009 Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), IEEE.
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Multi-instance learning (MIL) has many applications, including image and text categorization. One of the most effective approaches to MIL is by using Support Vector Machines with multi-instance kernels. In this paper we propose a multi-instance kernel, called MIR-Kernel, that takes into account the relational information of instances when computing similarities between bags. The relational information of instances are derived from the statistics of the distances between instances in feature space. The aim of MIR-Kernel is to efficiently capture the context in which instances occur within bags, so that it is able to better compute the similarities between bags. Experimental results on image and text categorization demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method compared to other methods. © 2009 IEEE.

Hernandez-Gutierrez, A, Nieto, JI, Vidal-Calleja, T & Nebot, E 1970, 'Large scale visual odometry using stereo vision', Proceedings of the 2009 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA 2009.
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This paper presents a system for egomotion estimation using a stereo head camera. The camera motion estimation is based on features tracked along a video sequence. The system also estimates the tridimensional geometry of the environment by fusing the visual information from multiple views. Furthermore, the paper presents comparisons between two different algorithms. The first one is by applying triangulation to 3D points. Motion estimation using 3D points suffers from the problem of nonisotropic noise due to the large uncertainty in depth estimation. To deal with this problem we present results with a second approach that works directly in the disparity space. Experimental results using a mobile platform are presented. The experiments cover long distances in urban-like environments with the presence of dynamic objects. The system presented is part of a bigger project involving autonomous navigation using vision only.

Heshmati, RAA, Alavi, AH, Keramati, M & Gandomi, AH 1970, 'A Radial Basis Function Neural Network Approach for Compressive Strength Prediction of Stabilized Soil', Road Pavement Material Characterization and Rehabilitation, GeoHunan International Conference 2009, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 147-153.
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This study considers the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of soil-stabilizer mix. Radial basis function (RBF) as one of the most widely used ANN architectures is utilized to construct comprehensive models to relate the UCS of stabilized soil to the properties of natural soil and type and quantity of stabilizing additives. A comprehensive set of data obtained from previously published stabilization test results was used for model development. A subsequent parametric study was carried out and the trends of the results have been confirmed via previous laboratory studies. The RBF based estimates are compared with the experimental and numerical results of other researchers and found to be more accurate. © 2009 ASCE.

Hicks, B, Gray, SD & Ball, JE 1970, 'A critical review of the Urban Rational Method', Proceedings of H2009 the 32nd Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, Engineers Australia, Newcastle, Australia, pp. 1424-1433.
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Since ARR 1987 improved statistical techniques have been presented which are ideal for producing regression relationships relating different catchment characteristics to peak flow. A unique feature of the quantile regression technique is that as different catchment characteristics become more or less important to peak flow their varying significance can be incorporated. For example the importance of losses declines for larger longer events where previous areas become saturated and start to contribute runoff. As a first step towards carrying out the quantile regression work, a database of available gauged data has been compiled. The data base is still being finalised however at the end of the proofing process, whereby gauges are checked for length of record, completeness, quality, ratings, stability of upstream development, it is expected that only a handful of gauges will be found to be suitable. Given the paucity of data it is not possible to establish relationships, by regression, between various catchment characteristics and peak flow for urban catchment. Thus the paper calls for a focus on urban gauging in Australia. This paper suggests that a goal be established, for the establishment of urban gauging sites across Australia (and the maintenance of existing sites) with the suggestion being that such work can be funded as part of climate change research.

Hidayat, R, Dejhan, K, Moungnoul, P & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'OTA-based high frequency CMOS multiplier and squaring circuit', 2008 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems, 2008 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS 2008), IEEE.
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Hitchens, M & Lister, R 1970, 'A focus group study of student attitudes to lectures', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society Inc., Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 93-100.
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This paper reports on the findings from focus groups, conducted at Macquarie University, on the attitudes of computing students to lectures. Students felt that two things were vital for a good lecture: (1) that the lecturer goes beyond what is written in the lecture notes; (2) that the lecture is interactive, by which students meant that the lecturer asks if students understand concepts and adjusts the delivery accordingly, and also the lecturer answers the students' questions. The students in the focus groups also discussed what makes for a bad lectures: (1) lecturers reading straight from slides; (2) lecturers who 'blame the students', by saying that students don't work hard enough and are too lazy to turn up to lectures; and (3) lecturers who cover the material too slowly or too quickly. The most prominent reason given for not attending lectures was the timetabling of lectures in such a way that students had too few classes in one day to make the sojourn to university worthwhile. Any university seeking to improve attendance at lectures should perhaps look as much to improving its timetabling practices as it does to improving the practices of its individual lecturers. © 2009, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Hoang, DB & Foureur, M 1970, 'Welcome from the technical program chairs', 2009 11th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom), 2009 11th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom 2009), IEEE, p. 2.
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Holloway, CL, Ziolkowski, RW, Peng Jin, Chia-Ching Lin & Ladbury, J 1970, 'Measurements of metamaterial-inspired, electrically small antenna systems', 2009 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology, 2009 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology 'Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials' (iWAT), IEEE, Santa Monica, CA, pp. 381-+.
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Homayounfard, H & Kennedy, PJ 1970, 'HDAX: Historical symbolic modelling of delay time series in a communications network', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australian Data Mining Conference, Australian Computer Society, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 129-137.
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There are certain performance parameters like packet delay, delay variation (jitter) and loss, which are decision factors for online quality of service (QoS) traffic routing. Although considerable efforts have been placed on the Internet to assure QoS, the dominant TCP/IP - like the best-effort communications policy - does not provide sufficient guarantee without abrupt change in the protocols. Estimation and forecasting end-to-end delay and its variations are essential tasks in network routing management for detecting anomalies. A large amount of research has been done to provide foreknowledge of network anomalies by characterizing and forecasting delay with numerical forecasting methods. However, the methods are time consuming and not efficient for real-time application when dealing with large online datasets. Application is more difficult when the data is missing or not available during online forecasting. Moreover, the time cost in statistical methods for trivial forecasting accuracy is prohibitive. Consequently, many researchers suggest a transition from computing with numbers to the manipulation of perceptions in the form of fuzzy linguistic variables. The current work addresses the issue of defining a delay approximation model for packet switching in communications networks. In particular, we focus on decision-making for smart routing management, which is based on the knowledge provided by data mining (informed) agents. We propose a historical symbolic delay approximation model (HDAX) for delay forecasting. Preliminary experiments with the model show good accuracy in forecasting the delay time-series as well as a reduction in the time cost of the forecasting method. HDAX compares favourably with the competing Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) algorithm in terms of execution time and accuracy. © 2009, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Hongsheng, H, Jiong, W, Suxiang, Q, Yancheng, L & Xuezheng, J 1970, 'Investigation on controllability of a Magnetorheological gun recoil damper', 2009 International Conference on Information and Automation, 2009 International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA), IEEE, pp. 1044-1049.
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Its primary purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive investigation on the controllability of a Magnetorheological (MR) gun recoil damper. Performances of MR damper under random load, mainly in the transportation applications, seismic protection in civil engineering and windrain- induced load in Cable Bridge, have been well investigated by many researchers. However, little research has been focused on the dynamic performance and its controllability of MR damper under impact load. At present, a systematic architecture has still not been formed, including its structure design, dynamicmodelling and controlling method of a MR damper subjected to impact load. In this paper, the research is developed and aims at the MR gun recoil damper. To evaluate its controllability of a MR gun recoil damper, a test rig which uses a closed bump to produce an impact load is developed. A novel large-scale singleended MR damper without the accumulator is used as the specimen. First, impact tests were done to evaluate the response time of the special designed long-stroke MR gun recoil damper, corresponding to the step signal of the operating current. Then, three revised control strategies, including on-off control method, PID control method, adaptive fuzzy control method, were investigated to confirm its controllability of the MR damper under impact load. Compared with on-off control and PID control policy, it is indicated by test results that this developed MR gun recoil damper has a bette r controllability using the adaptive fuzzy control policy. © 2009 IEEE.

Hongsheng, H, Jiong, W, Suxiang, Q, Yancheng, L, Xuezheng, J & IEEE 1970, 'Investigation on Controllability of a Magnetorheological Gun Recoil Damper', ICIA: 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-3, 2nd International Conference on Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in Engineering, SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, Weihai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1023-1028.
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Hongsheng, H, Juan, W, Jiong, W, Yancheng, L & Xuezheng, J 1970, 'Investigation on its properties for MR damper under high impact load', ISTM/2009: 8TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TEST AND MEASUREMENT, VOLS 1-6, 8th International Symposium on Test Measure, INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS LTD, Chongqing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 2186-2189.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Kumble, C 1970, 'Transfer Limit Enhancement Using Decentralized Robust STATCOM Control for Wind Farm', 2009 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, 2009 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, IEEE, Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1445-+.
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Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Ugrinovskii, V & Ramos, RA 1970, 'A robust STATCOM control to augment LVRT capability of fixed speed wind turbines', Proceedings of the 48h IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) held jointly with 2009 28th Chinese Control Conference, 2009 Joint 48th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) and 28th Chinese Control Conference (CCC), IEEE, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 7843-7848.
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Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Ugrinovskii, V & Ramos, RA 1970, 'Excitation control for large disturbances in power systems with dynamic loads', 2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Energy Society General Meeting (PES), IEEE, Calgary, CANADA, pp. 757-+.
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Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Ugrinovskii, V & Ramos, RA 1970, 'Robust STATCOM control for the enhancement of fault ride-through capability of fixed speed wind generators', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA), IEEE, St Petersburg, RUSSIA, pp. 1505-+.
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Hossain, MS & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Performance analysis of a novel fuzzy logic and MTPA based speed control for IPMSM drive with variable d- and q-axis inductances', 2009 12th International Conference on Computers and Information Technology, 2009 12th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT), IEEE, pp. 361-366.
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This paper presents a novel speed control scheme of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) using Fuzzy logic controller considering variable direct and quadrature axis inductances. The Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) has been designed on the basis of indirect vector control scheme of the IPMSM drive. The complete vector control scheme of the IPMSM drive incorporating the FLC is simulated for a IPMSM using Matlab/Simulink. The performances of the proposed FLC based IPMSM drive are investigated and compared to those obtained from the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) based drive at various dynamic operating conditions, such as, certain change in command speed, step change in load, etc. The comparative results show that the FLC is more robust and, hence, found to be a suitable replacement of the MTPA control for the high performance industrial drive applications. ©2009 IEEE.

Hossain, S & McLaughlan, RG 1970, 'Sorption Of 2-Chlorophenol, 4-C11Lorophenol And 2, 4-Dichloropiienol From Aqueous Solutions Using Low Cost Sorbents', 3rd International Contaminated Site Remediation Conference: Program and Proceedings, 3rd International Contaminated Site Remediation Conference, CRC Care, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 5-6.
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Cost-effective treatment of groundwater containing dissolved chlorophenols is a priority because of their toxicity and persistence. Treatment processes using both chemical oxidation and sorption show promise. Sorption process with traditional sorbents such as granular activated carbon can be expensive when utilised for large subsurface barriers. Cost effective sorbents are needed. This study compares the use of granular activated carbon (GAC), filter coal (FC) and pine for removing chlorophenols from aqueous solution. In this research, 2-Chiorophenol (2-CP), 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP) and 2, 4-Dichiorophenol (2, 4-DCP) were chosen for the sorption tests.

Hsieh, M, Yen, W & Hsu, L 1970, 'Performance of Entanglement-assisted Quantum LDPC Codes', The 21th Quantum Information Technology Symposium (QIT21), The University of Electro-Communications, Japan.

Hsieh, M-H & Wilde, MM 1970, 'Optimal Trading of Classical Communication, Quantum Communication, and Entanglement', THEORY OF QUANTUM COMPUTATION, COMMUNICATION, AND CRYPTOGRAPHY, 4th Workshop on Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Waterloo, CANADA, pp. 85-93.
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Hu, G, Huang, S, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, '3D I-SLSJF: A Consistent Sparse Local Submap Joining Algorithm for Building Large-Scale 3D Map', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 48TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, 2009 HELD JOINTLY WITH THE 2009 28TH CHINESE CONTROL CONFERENCE (CDC/CCC 2009), IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 6040-6045.
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This paper presents an efficient and reliable algorithm for autonomous robots to build large-scale three dimensional maps by combining small local submaps. The algorithm is a generalization of our recent work on two dimensional map joining algorithm â Iterated Sparse Local Submap Joining Filter (I-SLSJF). The 3D local submap joining problem is formulated as a least squares optimization problem and solved by Extended Information Filter (EIF) together with smoothing and iterations. The resulting information matrix is exactly sparse and this makes the algorithm efficient. The smoothing and iteration steps improve the accuracy and consistency of the estimate. The consistency and efficiency of 3D I-SLSJF is demonstrated by comparing the algorithm with some existing algorithms using computer simulations.

Hualiang Zhang, Hao Xin & Ziolkowski, RW 1970, 'Electromagnetic invisibility cloak with circular-elliptical shaped boundary', 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), IEEE, N Charleston, SC, pp. 1256-1259.
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Hualiang Zhang, Xin, H & Ziolkowski, RW 1970, 'Designs of metamaterials that enable electromagnetic cloaks for dual-frequency application', 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), IEEE, N Charleston, SC, pp. 1248-1251.
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Hualiang Zhang, Ziolkowski, RW & Hao Xin 1970, 'A compact metamaterial-inspired mmW CPW-fed antenna', 2009 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology, 2009 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology 'Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials' (iWAT), IEEE, Santa Monica, CA, pp. 101-104.
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Huang, A, Milne, D, Frank, E & Witten, IH 1970, 'Clustering Documents Using a Wikipedia-Based Concept Representation', ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY AND DATA MINING, PROCEEDINGS, 13th Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Bangkok, THAILAND, pp. 628-636.
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Huang, H-S, Pal, NR, Ko, L-W & Lin, C-T 1970, 'Automatic identification of useful independent components with a view to removing artifacts from eeg signal', 2009 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2009 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2009 - Atlanta), IEEE, pp. 1267-1271.
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Removal of artifacts is an important step in any research in/application of electroencephalogram (EEG). The artifacts may contain eye-blinking, muscle noise, heart signal, line noise, and environmental effect. Such noises often make the raw EEG signals not very useful for extraction/identification of physiological phenomena from EEG. The independent component analysis (ICA) is a popular technique for artifact removal in brain research and some reports demonstrate that ICA can remove the artifacts with lower (acceptable) loss of information. But, these reports select useful independent components manually, primarily by looking at the scalp-plots. This is of great inconvenience and is a barrier for BCI or real-time applications of EEG. In this paper, we demonstrate that machine learning methods could be quite effective to discriminate useful independent components from artifacts and our findings suggests the possibility of developing a 'universal" machine for artifact removal in EEG. © 2009 IEEE.

Huang, J, He, Y, Sun, Y, Zhao, W & Zhu, X 1970, 'A new SoC video ghost canceller', 2009 52nd IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2009 52nd IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), IEEE, pp. 1143-1146.
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A video ghost canceller, which reduces the effect of multi-path signal echoes (ghosts), is described in this paper. An adaptive LMS algorithm was used to improve the received image quality of PAL or NTSC broadcasts. The internal 576-tap digital filter, which is comprised of a 144-tap FIR and a 430-tap IIR filter, cancels ghosts occurring from -6.15μS before to +41.6μS after the main signal. In order to reduce the chip area occupied by the filter, an algorithm that combines the error threshold and the error accumulation methods is applied for reducing the coefficients word-length. Also, a tap-decimated equalizer is proposed, which can greatly reduce the number of the multipliers in the adaptive filter. The system on chip (SoC) device performs all the functions required for ghost cancellation, eliminating the need for external DSP controllers, memory, sync detection, D/A converters, A/D converters, and user programming. From chip tests, the canceller can remove the ghost whose power is lower than -6dB compared to that of the main signal and make ghost residue down to -40 dB. When operating at a rate of 14.318 MHz (4Fsc), it dissipates 1.3W from a 3.3V power supply. © 2009 IEEE.

Huang, ML, Liang, J & Nguyen, QV 1970, 'A Visualization Approach for Frauds Detection in Financial Market', 2009 13th International Conference Information Visualisation, 2009 13th International Conference Information Visualisation, IV, IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 197-202.
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Bar chart is a very common and simple graph that is mainly used to visualize simple x, y plots of data for numerical comparisons by partitioning the categorical data values into bars and typically limited to operate on highly aggregated dataset. In todayï½s growing complexity of business data with multi dimensional attributes using bar chart itself is not sufficient to deal with the representation of such business dataset and it also not utilizes the screen space efficiently.Nevertheless, bar chart is still useful because of its shape create strong visual attention to users at first glance than other visualization techniques. In this article, we present a treemap bar chart + tablelens interaction technique that combines the treemap and bar chart visualizations with a tablelens based zooming technique that allows users to view the detail of a particular bar when the density of bars increases. In our approach, the capability of the original bar chart and treemaps for representing complex business data is enhanced and the utilization of display space is also optimized.

Huang, X & Guo, Y 1970, 'Achieving higher throughput for OFDM systems with parallel packet transmission', Australia communications theory workshop, Sydney, Australia.

Huang, X & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Frequency and Space Precoded MIMO OFDM with Substream Adaptation', 2009 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2009 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE.
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A new frequency and space precoding scheme for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is presented. For frequency precoding, the data symbols to be transmitted are divided into multiple substreams, and a predefined unitary matrix is applied to each substream to obtain different linear combinations of data symbols in the substream to gain frequency diversity. For space precoding, different precoding matrices selected from a predefined orthogonal matrix are used to allocate each frequency precoded data symbol to all transmit antennas to gain spatial diversity. The number of substreams and the corresponding data symbol mapping scheme are also adaptively determined at the receiver under varying received signal strength and MIMO channel conditions, and are made available to the transmitter through a low-rate feedback channel. Simulation results show that the proposed MIMO OFDM system with adaptive substream selection can effectively exploit both frequency and spatial diversity, and deliver the maximum system throughput. © 2009 IEEE.

Huang, X & Guo, YJ 1970, 'MSE Bounds for Phase Estimation in Presence of Recursive Nuisance Parameters', GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE.
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The mean squared error (MSE) is commonly used to measure and compare the performance of various phase estimation techniques in communications and signal processing systems. When the received signal contains recursive nuisance parameters, the MSE is extremely difficult to obtain and even the conventional modified Cramér-Rao bound (MCRB) can not be readily applied. In this paper, a recursive MSE bound and its simplified calculation method are proposed to solve the problem. As an application example, an adaptive hybrid antenna array and its associated angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation technique are presented. The MSE of the AoA estimation is simulated and compared with the recursive MSE bound and MCRB. The results show that the proposed recursive MSE bound provides a tighter lower MSE bound than the recursive MCRB.

Huang, X & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Parallel Packet Transmission Based on OFDM', 2009 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2009 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE.
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This paper proposes a parallel packet transmission (PPT) scheme based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The principle of the PPT scheme is to divide a packet into a number of smaller parallel packets, and transmit each smaller packet over an individual subcarrier of the OFDM symbols instead of spreading the data bits in a packet across a number of different subcarriers. It is proved theoretically that the proposed PPT scheme has higher average throughput than the conventional serial packet transmission without precoding. Furthermore, simulation results show that the OFDM system with PPT outperforms the precoded OFDM system with minimum mean squared error equalization in both uncoded and coded cases in terms of average throughput. The PPT scheme provides an alternative and simpler means to combat frequency-selective fading. © 2009 IEEE.

Huang, X, Guo, YJ & Bunton, J 1970, 'Adaptive AoA Estimation and Beamforming with Hybrid Antenna Arrays', 2009 IEEE 70th Vehicular Technology Conference Fall, 2009 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2009-Fall), IEEE.
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A new type of hybrid antenna array consisting of analogue subarrays followed by a digital beamformer is proposed for practical implementation of long range high data rate millimetre wave communications systems. An adaptive algorithm, referred to as the differential beam search (DBS), is proposed for the angle of arrival (AoA) estimation to control the phase shifters in the analogue subarrays and to perform digital beamforming. This algorithm does not need the knowledge of a reference signal and effectively solves the phase ambiguity problem in AoA estimation inherent to the practical subarray configuration. The performance of the proposed DBS algorithms is demonstrated by simulations. © 2009 IEEE.

Huang, Y, Lin, H, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'Magneto-thermal analysis of a high-speed SMC motor based on 3-D FEA', 2009 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS), 2009 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS 2009), IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 563-567.
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This paper presents a magneto-thermal model for high-speed SMC motor. Due to high frequency, core loss is much greater than other losses and it is of crucial importance to be able to calculate the core loss accurately. By using time-stepping FEA, the total core loss is computed by summing up the separately calculated alternating and rotational hysteresis, eddy current and anomalous losses in each element. The core loss in each element is coupled with the thermal analysis by keeping the same mesh structure between the magnetic and thermal analyses. Other losses such as air frictional loss and rotor loss are included in the model due to high speed. This model is applied to a 2kW, 20krpm claw pole motor with a SMC core. The 3-D FEA is conducted for the core loss and temperature calculation because flux path in claw pole motor is purely three dimensional. The results are compared with experiments.

Huang, Y, Lin, H, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'Magneto-Thermal Analysis of a High-Speed SMC Motor Based on 3-D FEA', 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVE SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2, 8th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS), IEEE, Taipei, TAIWAN, pp. 1267-+.

Hussain, O, Dillon, T, Chang, E & Hussain, F 1970, 'A Fuzzy Inference Model for Risk based Informed Decision-Making in e-Business', 2009 International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems, 2009 International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems (NBIS), IEEE, Indianapolis, ID, pp. 519-524.
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Since its invention, the web has considerably advanced and it now provides its users with sophisticated technologies and processes for facilitating interactions. This has enabled users to complete their tasks by efficient ways and in turn increase their

Hussain, O, Dillon, T, Chang, E & Hussain, F 1970, 'A Methodology for Transactional Risk Assessment and Decision Making in e-Business Interactions', 2009 IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering, 2009 IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering, IEEE, Macau, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 157-164.
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The development and advancement of technologies have enabled users to complete their tasks efficiently. They have also provided them with various options and alternatives to complete and achieve their tasks. In such an environment, it is imperative for a

Hussain, O, Dillon, T, Chang, E & Hussain, F 1970, 'Determining the Net Financial Risk for Decision Making in Business Interactions', 2009 International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 2009 International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, IEEE, Bradford, ENGLAND, pp. 822-829.
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In a business interaction, transactional risk highlights the uncertainty associated in not achieving the desired outcomes. The assessment of transactional risk gives the interacting user the different levels of failure in achieving its desired outcomes a

Huynh, P 1970, 'Free-Convection Flow Through a Two-Dimensional Box With Openings on Opposite Walls', Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computational Heat and Mass Transfer (ICCHMT'09) - Progress in Computational Heat and Mass transfer, International Conference on Computational Heat and Mass Transfer, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou, China, pp. 519-526.
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Free-convection flow through a two-dimensional rectangular box having openings at opposite corners on the vertical walls is investigated numerically, using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package. Convection is induced when the box's ceiling or its floor is imposed with a temperature that is different to that of the ambient fluid, while all other walls are insulated. The fluid here is air near standard conditions, with a molecular Prandtl number of 0.707. Computation is performed for a range of Rayleigh-number values, up to about 2.7×109. Chien's turbulence model of low-Reynolds-number K-e is used. When convection is induced by a cold roof or a hot floor, higher flow rate and heat transfer occur. However the resultant flow and temperature variation are more confined to the wall regions, while the rest of the box is relatively much less affected. All this is in contrast to when convection is due to a hot roof or a cold floor.

Iacopi, F, Rooyackers, R, Loo, R, Vanherle, W, Milenin, A, Arstila, K, Verhulst, A, Takeuchi, S, Bender, H, Caymax, M, Hantschel, T, Vandooren, A, Vereecken, PM, De Gendt, S & Heyns, M 1970, 'Seedless Templated Growth of Hetero-Nanostructures for Novel Microelectronics Devices', MRS Proceedings, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, pp. 37-42.
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AbstractThe feasibility of a templated seedless approach for growing segmented p-i-n nanowires –based diodes based on selective epitaxial growth is demonstrated. Such diodes are the basic structure for a TunnelFET device. This approach has the potential for being easily scalable at a full-wafer processing, and there is no theoretical limitation for control on nanowires growth and properties when scaling down their diameters, as opposed to an unconstrained vapor-liquid-solid growth. Moreover, Si/SixGe1-x hetero-structures are implemented, showing that this can improve the TFET ON current not only thanks to the lowered barrier for the band-to-band source-channel tunneling, but additionally thanks to its lower thermal budget for growth, allowing for better control of the abruptness of the doping profile at the source-channel tunneling interface.

I-Hung Khoo, Reddy, HC, Van, L-D & Lin, C-T 1970, '2-D digital filter architectures without global broadcast and some symmetry applications', 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2009, IEEE, Taipei, TAIWAN, pp. 952-+.
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Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Kelly, R & Buys, H 1970, 'Soft Soil Foundation Improved by Vacuum and Surcharge Preloading at Ballina Bypass, Australia', Ground Improvement Technologies and Case Histories, International Symposium on Ground Improvement Technologies and Case Histories, Research Publishing Services, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 95-105.
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Jamdagni, A, Tan, T, Liu, R, Nanda, P & He, S 1970, 'A Frame Work for Geometrical Structure Anomaly Detection Model', The sixth annual CSIRO ICT Centre Science and Engineering Conference, Centre Science and Engineering Conference, CSIRO, Australian Technology Park, NSW, Australia, pp. 109-110.
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The growth of Internet offers quality and convenience to human life, but at the same time provides a platform for hackers and criminals. The Internet security hence becomes an important issue. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is designed to detect intrusion and also to prevent a system from being compromised. In this paper, we present a novel Geometrical Structure Anomaly Detection (GSAD) model. GSAD employs pattern recognition techniques previously used in human detection [2}.

Jamdagni, A, Tan, Z, Nanda, P, He, X & Liu, R 1970, 'Intrusion Detection Using Geometrical Structure', 2009 Fourth International Conference on Frontier of Computer Science and Technology, 2009 Fourth International Conference on Frontier of Computer Science and Technology (FCST), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 327-333.
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Geometrical Structure Anomaly Detection (GSAD) model to detect intrusion using the packet payload in the network. GSAD takes into account the correlations among the packet payload features arranged in a geometrical structure. The representation is based on statistical analysis of Mahalanobis distances among payload features, which calculate the similarity of new data against precomputed profile.

Jeng, JJ, McGregor, C & Schiefer, J 1970, 'RTSOAA 2009 Message', 2009 33rd Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference, 2009 33rd Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference, IEEE, p. 18.
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Jesudoss, A, Sulaiman, A, Chandran, D & Raja, K 1970, 'Opportunity of Mobile Technologies towards the Excellence in the e-Governance of Rwanda', Proceedings of the International Conference on Millenium Development Goals (MDG) - The Role of ICT and other appropriate technologies, International Conference on Millenium Development Goals (MDG) - The Role of ICT and other appropriate technologies, Excel India Publishers, Chennai, India, pp. 18-26.

Jewart, CM, Chen, KP, Avdeev, I, Michie, A, Hambley, P & Canning, J 1970, 'Torsion of air-hole microstructured fiber devices under large defection', SPIE Proceedings, 20th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, SPIE.
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This paper studies torsion of air-hole microstructured fibers induced by fiber packaging. The twist of two-hole optical fiber induced while the fibers were coiled into a helix along the surface of a cylinder was experimentally observed and simulated using the Finite Element Analysis. Both experiment and simulation reveal periodic twisting patterns when two holes fibers were coiled along the surface of a cylinder. © 2009 SPIE.

Ji, J & Zhang, N 1970, 'Suppression of Super-harmonic Resonance Response of a Forced Nonlinear System Using a Linear Vibration Absorber', Proceedings of the 13th Asia-Pacific Vibration Conference (APVC 09), Asia Pacific Vibration Conference, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 1-7.
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Super-harmonic resonances may appear in a forced weakly nonlinear system of cubic nonlinearity, when the forcing frequency is approximately equal to one-third of the linearized natural frequency. In contrast with the corresponding linear oscillator, the free-oscillation term does not decay to zero despite of the presence of damping and the nonlinearity adjusts the frequency of the free-oscillation term to exactly three times the frequency of the excitation. Saddle-node bifurcations may appear in the frequency-response curve for the amplitude of the free-oscillation terms, which may lead to jump and hysteresis phenomenon. A small linear vibration absorber is designed to suppress the super-harmonic resonance response of the forced oscillator of cubic onlinearity. The absorber can be considered as a small mass-spring-damper oscillator in the sense that the mass and stiffness of the absorber are less than one-tenth of the values of the mass and linear stiffness of the forced nonlinear oscillator. It is shown that a small linear vibration absorber is effective in suppressing the super-harmonic resonance response of the system by transferring the vibrational energy from the main nonlinear oscillator to a small mass-spring-damper oscillator. Saddle-node bifurcations and jump phenomena can be easily eliminated by adding the small linear vibration absorber to the forced oscillator.

JIANG, ZY, WEI, DW & TIEU, AK 1970, 'AN INFLUENCE FUNCTION METHOD ANALYSIS OF COLD STRIP ROLLING', Engineering Plasticity and Its Applications From Nanoscale to Macroscale, Proceedings of the 9th AEPA2008, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 356-361.
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Jianlong Zhou & Takatsuka, M 1970, 'Automatic Transfer Function Generation Using Contour Tree Controlled Residue Flow Model and Color Harmonics', IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Information Visualization Conference/IEEE Visualization Conference, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Atlantic City, NJ, pp. 1481-1488.
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Jin, P & Ziolkowski, RW 1970, 'Antenna designs and testing', 2009 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology, 2009 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology 'Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials' (iWAT), IEEE, Santa Monica, CA, pp. 97-100.
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Jin, P & Ziolkowski, RW 1970, 'Metamaterial-inspired electrically small canopy antenna with active internal element for bandwidth enhancement', 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), IEEE, N Charleston, SC, pp. 1536-1539.
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Jin, X, Yang, Y, Tian, L, Pang, D, Shi, J & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'QoS-Aware Optimal Power Allocation with Channel Inversion Regularization Precoding in MU-MIMO', 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2009 - 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE.
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In multiuser MIMO systems, the Channel Inversion Regularization (CIR) precoding outperforms Zero-Forcing (ZF) in the case of a small number of users and low SNR. However, unlike the zero-interference ZF, the optimal power allocation issue using CIR is a nonconvex optimization problem which will become more intractable with nonconvex QoS constraints. In this paper we focus on the challenging QoS-aware optimal power allocation problem, aiming to maximize the system sum rate and guarantee the users' minimum data rates. As a result, an "Iterative Geometric Programming" (IGP) strategy is proposed which transforms the underlying problem to a series of tractable Geometric Programming (GP) problems through an iterative convex approximation. Extensive simulations have been conducted and the results indicate that IGP is quite suitable to tackle the problem, which can achieve a good balance between the system sum rate and the individual QoS requirements. ©2009 IEEE.

Jin, X, Yang, Y, Tian, L, Pang, D, Shi, J & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'QoS-Aware Optimal Power Allocation with Channel Inversion Regularization Precoding in MU-MIMO', 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-8, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2009), IEEE, Dresden, GERMANY, pp. 3270-+.

Jin, Z, Chen, X & Zowghi, D 1970, 'Performing Projection in Problem Frames Using Scenarios', APSEC 09: SIXTEENTH ASIA-PACIFIC SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, IEEE, Batu Ferringhi, Penang, Malaysia, pp. 249-256.
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In the Problem Frames (PF) approach there are five basic problem frames and some variants to them. When a problem is being analysed, it is initially matched against these frames. If the problem does not fit into the basic problem frames or their variants, then problem analysis is performed. It has been recognised that ‘projection’ is an effective technique for analysing problems. That is, each sub-problem is considered as a projection of the main problem concerned only with the phenomena relevant to that sub-problem. The PF approach lacks a precise definition of problem projection and does not provide specific instructions on how to perform this projection. In this paper, we use the concept of projection from relational algebra and combine it with concepts from the PF and scenario-based approaches to present a conceptual model for conducting problem projection in requirements engineering. This model and ontology extend problem description at scenario level and support systematic derivation of sub-problems from scenarios. We also provide a detailed process description for performing projection for problem analysis and present the utility of our approach with a case study.

Jirabhorn Chaiwongsai, Werapon Chiracharit, Kosin Chamnongthai & Yoshikazu Miyanaga 1970, 'An architecture of HMM-based isolated-word speech recognition with tone detection function', 2008 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems, 2008 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS 2008), IEEE.
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Johnston, AJ, Candy, L & Edmonds, EA 1970, 'Designing for Conversational Interaction', Proceedings of New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME), New Interfaces for Musical Expression, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA, pp. 207-212.
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In this paper we describe an interaction framework which classifies musicians interactions with virtual musical instruments into three modes: instrumental, ornamental and conversational. We argue that conversational interactions are the most difficult to design for, but also the most interesting. To illustrate our approach to designing for conversational interactions we describe the performance work Partial Reflections 3 for two clarinets and interactive software. This software uses simulated physical models to create a virtual sound sculpture which both responds to and produces sounds and visuals.

Jones, V, Gay, VC, Leijdekkers, P, Rienks, R & Hermens, H 1970, 'Personalised mobile services supporting the implementation of clinical guidelines', 4th workshop on Personalisation for e-Health, Workshop on Personalisation for e-Health, AIME 2009, Verona, Italy, pp. 10-14.
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Telemonitoring is emerging as a compelling application of Body Area Networks (BANs). We describe two health BAN systems developed respectively by a European team and an Australian team and discuss some issues encountered relating to formalization of clinical knowledge to support realtime analysis and interpretation of BAN data. Our example application is an evidence-based telemonitoring and teletreatment application for home-based rehabilitation. The application is intended to support implementation of a clinical guideline for cardiac rehabilitation following myocardial infarction. In addition to this the proposal is to establish the patientâs individual baseline risk profile and, by real-time analysis of BAN data, continually re-assess the current risk level in order to give timely personalised feedback. Static and dynamic risk factors are derived from literature. Many sources express evidence probabilistically, suggesting a requirement for reasoning with uncertainty; elsewhere evidence requires qualitatie reasoning: both familiar modes of reasoning in KBSs. However even at this knowledge acquisition stage some issues arise concerning how best to apply the clinical evidence. Furthermore, in cases where insufficient clinical evidence is currently available, telemonitoring can yield large collections of clinical data with the potential for data mining in order to furnish more statistically powerful and accurate clinical evidence.

Joshi, SH, Marquina, A, Osher, SJ, Dinov, I, Van Horn, JD & Toga, AW 1970, 'MRI resolution enhancement using total variation regularization', 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro (ISBI), IEEE.
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Jun Yang, Yang Wang, Getian Ye, Arcot Sowmya, Bang Zhang & Jie Xu 1970, 'Feature clustering for vehicle detection and tracking in road traffic surveillance', 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP 2009, IEEE, Cairo, EGYPT, pp. 1145-1148.
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Juszczyszyn, K & Musiał, K 1970, 'Structural Changes in an Email-Based Social Network', AGENT AND MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, 3rd KES International Symposium on Agent and Multi-Agent Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, SWEDEN, pp. 40-49.
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Juszczyszyn, K, Musial, A, Musial, K & Brodka, P 1970, 'Molecular dynamics modelling of the temporal changes in complex networks', 2009 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2009 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), IEEE, Trondheim, NORWAY, pp. 553-+.
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Kadlec, P & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Evolving on-line prediction model dealing with industrial data sets', 2009 IEEE Workshop on Evolving and Self-Developing Intelligent Systems, 2009 IEEE Workshop on Evolving and Self-Developing Intelligent Systems (ESDIS), IEEE, Nashville, TN, pp. 24-31.
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Kadlec, P & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Soft Sensor Based on Adaptive Local Learning', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 1172-1179.
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When it comes to application of computational learning techniques in practical scenarios, like for example adaptive inferential control, it is often difficult to apply the state-of-the-art techniques in a straight forward manner and usually some effort has to be dedicated to tuning either the data, in a form of data pre-processing, or the modelling techniques, in form of optimal parameter search or modification of the training algorithm. In this work we present a robust approach to on-line predictive modelling which is focusing on dealing with challenges like noisy data, data outliers and in particular drifting data which are often present in industrial data sets. The approach is based on the local learning approach, where models of limited complexity focus on partitions of the input space and on an ensemble building technique which combines the predictions of the particular local models into the final predicted value. Furthermore, the technique provides the means for on-line adaptation and can thus be deployed in a dynamic environment which is demonstrated in this work in terms of an application of the presented approach to a raw industrial data set exhibiting drifting data, outliers, missing values and measurement noise. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Kadlec, P & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Soft sensors: where are we and what are the current and future challenges?', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, Elsevier BV, pp. 572-577.
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In this work we present a summary of the review on data-driven soft sensors published in [1] together with a proposal of how to deal with the identified issues and challenges. We discuss the most common approaches for the development of soft sensors followed by a critical analysis of the main issues in the current soft sensor development. Currently, these are the time which has to be spent on the model development including data pre-processing and model building together with the effort which needs to be spent on periodical performance assessment and re-training of the model. Based on the identified problems we propose a solution based on a model development architecture which can accommodate different data preprocessing techniques, predictive modelling methods as well as approaches for model adaptation. The architecture is based on a structure which unifies several concepts from machine learning such as ensemble methods, local learning, meta learning and concept drift handling. Using the above mechanisms it provides means for automated data pre-processing, model validation, selection and adaptation which can be used to significantly simplify the soft sensor building and maintenance process. Copyright © 2007 International Federation of Automatic Control.

Kaili Weng, Nghia Nguyen, Nguyen, HT & Su, S 1970, 'Rate estimation for the monitoring of rehabilitation exercises', 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, pp. 6267-6270.
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This study investigates the rate estimation problem encountered in rehabilitation exercise monitoring by using noninvasive portable sensors. The purpose of this paper has two main parts. The first part is to find suitable approaches for the rate detection of tri-axial accelerometer (TA) signals and ECG signals respectively. It is found that the integral type approaches (the average magnitude difference function (AMDF) and autocorrelation function (ACF)) are particularly suitable for TA signal pre-processing, while differential type approaches are very efficient for electrocardiographic (ECG) signal pre-processing. The second part is to develop a square wave matching method to detect the rate from the pre-processed signals. Experimental results indicate that the proposed methods can effectively detect pace rate from TA and heart rate from ECG and remove undesirable spikes.

Kamaleswaran, R, McGregor, C & Percival, J 1970, 'Service oriented architecture for the integration of clinical and physiological data for real-time event stream processing', 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Minneapolis, MN, pp. 1667-+.
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Kang, K 1970, 'Supportive Web Design for Users from Different Culture Origins in E-Commerce', HCI International 2009, HCI International, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Sadiego, USA, pp. 467-474.
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This paper presents an investigation of supportive design features for users from different cultural origins in global e-commerce sites applying the principles of human computer interaction to web interface design. This investigation was necessitated from a need to establish an understanding of the barriers in the implementation of e-business on a global level. The paper begins with an overview of current business-to-user (B2C) e-commerce implementation on the web, and then describes cultural issues in the global e-commerce.

Karimi, F & Chiang Choon Poo, D 1970, 'Personal and external determinants of medical bloggers' knowledge sharing behavior', Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Wiley, pp. 1-23.
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Karrar, M, Zilberg, E, Xu, ZM, Burton, D & Lal, S 1970, 'Comparing statistical associations between driver drowsiness and EEG alpha bursts based on the spectral and EEG and morphological techniques of EEG analysis', BROADBANDCOM 2009 - Selected Papers on Broadband Communication, Information Technology and Biomedical Applications, pp. 399-404.
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A driver drowsiness detection analysis was performed on the electroencephalography data collected from 40 non-professional drivers undergoing a driving simulation task. A statistical comparison between two different EEG analysis methods was carried out to determine which method had a greater association with drowsiness. First, the statistical association between the alpha component of the EEG and the video-based driver drowsiness rating level was examined, and then the statistical association between the alpha bursts and the driver drowsiness level was examined. From the results it was shown that both spectral and alpha burst analysis methods showed a significant association with drowsiness, however, the alpha burst method exhibited the strongest association with the video-based drowsiness ratings.

Kasisopha, N, Wongthongtham, P & Hussain, FK 1970, 'Semantic Wild as a Basis for Software Engineering Ontology Evolution', ON THE MOVE TO MEANINGFUL INTERNET SYSTEMS: OTM 2009 WORKSHOPS, On the Move Confederated International Conference and Workshops, Springer-verlag Berlin, Vilamoura, PORTUGAL, pp. 858-865.
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Ontology plays a vital role in sharing a common understanding of the domain among groups of people and provides terminology interpretable by machines. Recently, ontology has grown and continued to evolve constantly, but there are not many tools to provid

Kavanagh, D, Lal, S, Santhakumar, V & Rossiter, P 1970, 'Wireless reaction time measurement device for field studies of arousal', BROADBANDCOM 2009 - Selected Papers on Broadband Communication, Information Technology and Biomedical Applications, pp. 355-360.
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This paper describes the application of wireless technology for acquisition of data from home environments, mobile vehicles and laboratories for monitoring ongoing changes in the individuals reaction times (RT). A small-hand-held device based on TMote [1] technology was selected as the platform for development of a RT monitoring system. A number of communication protocols were investigated to overcome the consequences of using wireless technology, for example, latency issues, loss of data, etc. The results are discussed from the perspective of our planned future directions for the application and improvement of the RT device.

Kazienko, P, Musiał, K & Zgrzywa, A 1970, 'Evaluation of node position based on email communication', Control and Cybernetics, Conference on Data Processing Technologies, POLISH ACAD SCIENCES SYSTEMS RESEARCH INST, Poznan, POLAND, pp. 67-86.
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Rapid development of various kinds of social networks within the Internet enabled investigation of their properties and analyzing their structure. An interesting scientific problem in this domain is the assessment of the node position within the directed, weighted graph that represents the social network of email users. The new method of node position analysis, which takes into account both the node positions of the neighbors and the strength of connections between network nodes, is presented in the paper. The node position can be used to discover key network users, who are the most important in the population and who have potentially the greatest influence on others. The experiments carried out on two datasets enabled studying the main properties of the new measure.

Kejalakshmy, N, Azizur Rahman, BM, Agrawal, A, Tanvir, H & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Defect-Core PCF with Metal Coated Central Air-hole For THz Propagation', Optical Fiber Communication Conference and National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, OSA.
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A rigorous finite element analysis on a new Teflon PCF with metal coated central air-hole shows the formation a Surface Plasmon assisted fundamental mode with controllable modal properties for THz sensing application. © 2008 Optical Society of America.

Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA, Agrawal, A, Tanvir, H & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Defect-core PCF with metal coated central air-hole for THz propagation', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers.
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A rigorous finite element analysis on a new Teflon PCF with metal coated central air-hole shows the formation a Surface Plasmon assisted fundamental mode with controllable modal properties for THz sensing application. © 2008 Optical Society of America.

Kennard, R, Edmonds, E & Leaney, J 1970, 'Separation anxiety: Stresses of developing a modern day separable User Interface', 2009 2nd Conference on Human System Interactions, 2009 2nd Conference on Human System Interactions (HSI), IEEE, Catania, Italy, pp. 228-235.
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The evolution of user interface (UI) tools has generally regarded the UI as separable from the underlying application it represents. This viewpoint leaves the UI having to restate invariants already specified in other subsystems of an application, and any discrepancy between the versions in the UI and those in the subsystems leads to errors. This paper explores a sample of real world subsystems in use by enterprise applications today, and underscores the problem of duplication between them and the UI. It then surveys the prevalence of this issue within mainstream software development.

Kennedy, PJ, Ong, K & Christen, P 1970, 'Data Mining and Analytics', Data Mining and Analytics 2009 (AusDM'09), Australian Data Mining Conference, Australian Computer Society, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-218.

Kennedy, PJ, Ong, KL & Christen, P 1970, 'Preface', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series.

Khabbaz, H & Indraratna, B 1970, 'Development of a Smart Tool for Capturing Novel Advancement in Ballasted Rail Track Substructure', Congress e-Proceedings, 8th International Congress on Civil Engineering, International Congress on Civil Engineering, Department Of Civil And Environmental Engineering Of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, pp. 1-8.
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The obligation of keeping a competitive edge against other means of transportation has increased the pressure on the railway industry to improve its efficiency and decrease the maintenance costs. In this paper, several innovative solutions are presented to improve the rail track foundations including optimum particle ballast grading and confining pressure as well as stabilising tracks overlying soft soils employing different techniques. A smart tool for predicting the performance of rail track substructure is also developed. This smart tool provides the user optimum construction parameters and required geotechnical properties according to various subgrade conditions, train loads and speeds.

Khalilpour, R & Karimi, IA 1970, 'Evaluation of LNG, CNG, GTL and NGH for Monetization of Stranded Associated Gas with the Incentive of Carbon Credit', All Days, International Petroleum Technology Conference, IPTC, pp. 3568-3572.
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Abstract Associated gas is estimated to account for 17% of global gas reserves. However, majority of associated gas resources are small or located offshore which have made the utilization uneconomical. Operators have thus preferred either flaring or re-injecting the gas rather than utilization. Currently, none of these two options are favored as it is proven that gas re-injection has reverse effect on well recovery over time. Gas flaring is also not pleasant (even not permitted) because of stringent environmental regulations such as carbon tax. These reasons and the elevating energy prices have increased attentions towards utilization of associated gas resources. There are a number of gas utilization technologies that have the potential to make the development of stranded gas resources economically viable. Some of these however have not yet been fully developed and proven on a commercial scale, though being conceptually feasible. The most advanced among these alternative technologies include LNG, CNG, GTL and NGH. These processes are highly capital-intensive and require considerable gas reserves to justify their deployment. Accordingly, these technologies are challenged to be economical when the size of the field is small (like most of the associated gas resources) or the markets are located far away from the field. In this study, we have investigated each of these processes based on different variables such as reservoir capacity, distance to market, process CAPEX & OPEX, safety, etc. This paper discusses the pros and cons of these processes and presents the sweet spot for each of the technologies based on gas reserve and distance to market. Associated Gas Problem Associated gas is natural gas found i...

Khalilpour, R & Karimi, IA 1970, 'Optimal LNG contract selection using mixed integer linear programming', AIChE Annual Meeting, Conference Proceedings.

Khan, A, Saqib, M & Kaleem, Z 1970, 'Functional unit level parallelism in RISC architecture', Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology, FIT '09: 7th International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology, ACM.
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This paper presents the design and implementation of RISC processor having five stages pipelined architecture. Functional unit parallelism is exploited through the implementation of pipelining in five stages of RISC processor. The hazards which come to life due to parallelism are data, structural, and control hazards .In order to achieve the true benefits of the parallelism through pipelining; these hazards must be properly handled. The data hazards are solved using bypassing in which we forward the required value of the operand to the succeeding instruction. Structural hazards are solved by implementing three port register file so that two operand reading and one register writing can be performed in parallel without degrading the performance. Control hazards arise from Branch, Jump and Call instructions. To solve these problems, we insert automated NOP in stage2, stage3 and stage4. The processor designed is a fully functional processor which can execute any program including jump statements, switch statements, loops and subroutines which are the basic ingredients of any computer program. Copyright 2009 ACM.

Khawaja, MA, Chen, F, Owen, C & Hickey, G 1970, 'Cognitive Load Measurement from User’s Linguistic Speech Features for Adaptive Interaction Design', HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION - INTERACT 2009, PT I, 12th IFIP International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Uppsala, SWEDEN, pp. 485-489.
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Ki, SK & Lu, DDC 1970, 'Averaged small-signal modeling of a non-isolated single-stage single-switch AC/DC converter', 2009 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS), 2009 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS 2009), IEEE, pp. 304-308.
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A transformerless single-stage single-switch AC/DC converter was reported and analyzed recently. The converter features high power factor capability, high conversion efficiency, reduced voltage stress on bulk capacitor, low manufacturing cost and small in size. In this paper, its averaged small signal model is analyzed and presented for the control purpose. By applying small ac signal perturbations and statespace averaging technique, the crucial dynamic transfer functions are derived. Bode plots of the transfer functions are also given for designing the controller. The experimental results validate the model and show in good agreement.

Kim, J, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Design of variable wordlength Viterbi decoder in BICM-OFDM systems', 2009 9th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology, 2009 9th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technology (ISCIT), IEEE.
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Kivva, T, Huynh, P, Gaston, MJ & Munn, D 1970, 'A numerical study of ventilation flow through a 3-dimensional room with a fan', Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer, The 6th International Symposium on Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer, Begell House Inc., Rome, Italy, pp. 1-10.
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Numerical simulation of ventilation flow through a real-sized 3-dimensional room containing warm air has been performed, using a commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software package. The standard K-e turbulence model with wall functions is used. Fans flow rate only affects significantly the rooms temperature when this rate is low, corresponding to the free-convection-dominating regime. In forced-convection regime, increasing the flow rate results in little change in the rooms temperature, but can also enlarge pockets of undesirable warm air. Positioning a window higher gives rise to more efficient ventilation. An exhaust fan reduces the rooms average temperature significantly more than an in-blowing fan.

Ko, L-W, Tsai, I-L, Yang, F-S, Chung, J-F, Lu, S-W, Jung, T-P & Lin, C-T 1970, 'Real-Time Embedded EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interface', ADVANCES IN NEURO-INFORMATION PROCESSING, PT II, 15th International Conference on Neuro-Information Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND, pp. 1038-1045.
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Kong, S, Cornforth, D, Berry, A & IEEE 1970, 'A New Approach to the Design of Multiple Inverter Systems using Evolutionary Optimization', 2009 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-8, pp. 2163-2170.

Koppi, T, Sheard, J, Naghdy, F, Chicharo, J, Edwards, SL, Brookes, W & Wilson, D 1970, 'What our ICT graduates really need from us: A perspective from the workplace', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society Inc., Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 101-109.
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A national Discipline-Based Initiative (DBI) project for Information and Communications Technology (ICT), funded by the Australian Learning and Teaching Council, has sought the opinions of recent graduates of ICT in the workplace to help inform the curriculum. An online survey was devised to question graduates on workplace requirements and university preparation for abilities categorized as: personal/interpersonal; cognitive; business and technical. The graduates in employment have highlighted broad mismatches between the requirements of their professional work in these categories and the preparation for employment they received from university. A regression analysis was used to determine influences on graduates' opinions of the preparation they received at university. The quantitative and qualitative results from this survey could have far-reaching consequences for ICT education and this initiative will enable the development of curricula that ensures graduates are equipped with the skills required by the ICT industry. © 2009, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Kraaijenbrink, E, van Gils, F, Cheng, Q, van Herk, R & van den Hoven, E 1970, 'Balancing Skills to Optimize Fun in Interactive Board Games', HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION - INTERACT 2009, PT I, Interact '09, Springer-Verlag, Uppsala, Sweden, pp. 301-313.
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Playing games against people with a different skill level can be boring or frustrating, which decreases fun. A solution is to introduce specific rules that balance a game. In this paper we describe a study in which we used an electronic board game with tangible interaction to investigate whether balancing a game indeed increases fun experienced. We also investigate whether balancing skill levels implicitly (players are unaware) or explicitly (players are aware) has an influence on the fun experienced. We found that players who lost a game felt more successful in the balanced game compared to the unbalanced game. The balanced game also offered the players more fun experience than they expected beforehand. Finally, players preferred to play an explicitly balanced game because it increased the feeling of effort and challenge.

Kreimeyer, M, Braun, S, Gürtler, M & Lindemann, U 1970, 'Extending Multiple Domain Matrices to allow for the modeling of Boolean operators in process models', DS 58-1: Proceedings of ICED 09, the 17th International Conference on Engineering Design, 17th International Conference on Engineering Design, Design Society, Stanford, pp. 1-12.
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This paper suggests an approach to combine the analytical advantages of matrix-based notation with the modeling capabilities of graphical notation in order to model process flows including logic operators. Matrix-based notation is exemplified by Design Structure Matrices (DSM) and Multiple Domain Matrices (MDM), graphical notation by Event driven Process Chains (EPC), both being established standards in industry. DSM and MDM offer algorithmic methods for analyses, but so far without a means of modeling decision points (AND, OR, XOR). EPC allows for an easy modeling of process flows with parallel and alternative paths. However, it does not feature comprehensive analyses, making it difficult to systematically analyze a process model. In this research, MDM was therefore extended to include logic operators, thus combining the two approaches to transfer EPC and similar models into a matrix-based description and vice versa; this makes any graphical model that uses Boolean logic accessible to algorithmic analysis available in MDM. Generally spoken, the proposed modeling scheme opens up a way of generic modeling of logic operations in matrix-based notations.

Kusakunniran, W, Li, H & Zhang, J 1970, 'A Direct Method to Self-Calibrate a Surveillance Camera by Observing a Walking Pedestrian', 2009 Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2009 Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, pp. 250-255.
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Recent efforts show that it is possible to calibrate a surveillance camera simply from observing a walking human. This procedure can be seen as a special application of the camera self-calibration technique. Several methods have been proposed along this

Kusakunniran, W, Wu, Q, Li, H & Zhang, J 1970, 'Automatic Gait Recognition Using Weighted Binary Pattern on Video', 2009 Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2009 Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS), IEEE, Genoa, Italy, pp. 49-54.
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Human identification by recognizing the spontaneous gait recorded in real-world setting is a tough and not yet fully resolved problem in biometrics research. Several issues have contributed to the difficulties of this task. They include various poses, different clothes, moderate to large changes of normal walking manner due to carrying diverse goods when walking, and the uncertainty of the environments where the people are walking. In order to achieve a better gait recognition, this paper proposes a new method based on Weighted Binary Pattern (WBP). WBP first constructs binary pattern from a sequence of aligned silhouettes. Then, adaptive weighting technique is applied to discriminate significances of the bits in gait signatures. Being compared with most of existing methods in the literatures, this method can better deal with gait frequency, local spatial-temporal human pose features, and global body shape statistics. The proposed method is validated on several well known benchmark databases. The extensive and encouraging experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves high accuracy, but with low complexity and computational time.

Kusakunniran, W, Wu, Q, Li, H & Zhang, J 1970, 'Multiple views gait recognition using View Transformation Model based on optimized Gait Energy Image', 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, ICCV Workshops, 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, ICCV Workshops, IEEE, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 1058-1064.
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Gait is one of well recognized biometrics that has been widely used for human identification. However, the current gait recognition might have difficulties due to viewing angle being changed. This is because the viewing angle under which the gait signature database was generated may not be the same as the viewing angle when the probe data are obtained. This paper proposes a new multi-view gait recognition approach which tackles the problems mentioned above. Being different from other approaches of same category, this new method creates a so called View Transformation Model (VTM) based on spatial-domain Gait Energy Image (GEI) by adopting Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) technique. To further improve the performance of the proposed VTM, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is used to optimize the obtained GEI feature vectors. When implementing SVD there are a few practical problems such as large matrix size and over-fitting. In this paper, reduced SVD is introduced to alleviate the effects caused by these problems. Using the generated VTM, the viewing angles of gallery gait data and probe gait data can be transformed into the same direction. Thus, gait signatures can be measured without difficulties. The extensive experiments show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the multiple view gait recognition performance when being compared to the similar methods in literature.

Kwok, NM, Fang, G, Ha, QP & IEEE 1970, 'Moving Average-based Stock Trading Rules from Particle Swarm Optimization', 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, VOL I, PROCEEDINGS, International Conference on Artiicial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence, IEEE, Inc., Shanghai China, pp. 149-153.
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Trading rules derived from technical analysis are valuable tools in making profits from the financial market. Among those trading rules, the moving average-based rule has been the most widely adopted choice by a large number of investors. Buy/sell signals are identified when curves of long/short averages cross each other. With an attempt to optimize the rule and maximize the trading profit, this paper propose the use of the particle swarm optimization algorithm to determine the appropriate long/short durations when calculating the averages. Trading signals are subsequently generated by the golden cross strategy. The best combination of long/short durations is determined by comparing the profits that can be made among alternative durations. Real-world indices, covering three years approximately, from several established and emerging stock markets are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Lai, JCY, Leung, FHF, Ling, SH & IEEE 1970, 'A New Differential Evolution with Wavelet Theory Based Mutation Operation', 2009 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-5, IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Trondheim, NORWAY, pp. 1116-1122.
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Laird, I, Lu, DD-C & Agelidis, VG 1970, 'High-gain switched-coupled-inductor boost converter', 2009 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS), 2009 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS 2009), IEEE, pp. 423-428.
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When a low voltage DC power source is used, a DC-DC converter with a high step-up voltage gain is required to raise the voltage to more applicable levels. This is typically achieved in classical converters which often have to be driven by pulse width modulation (PWM) waves with extremely high duty cycles. Although theoretically step-up converters can achieve an infinite gain as the duty cycle approaches unity, in reality the gain will peak due to losses in the converter. Increasing the duty cycle beyond this point will only degrade the voltage gain. A solution to this problem is to use a converter that will produce the desired gain at a smaller duty cycle. This paper proposes replacing the inductor in the classical boost converter with a switched-coupled-inductor (SCL) configuration in order to achieve high gains with moderate duty cycles. Mathematical analysis is presented along with selected experimental results to support the theoretical considerations.

Lakanchanh, D, Yoshizawa, S, Noppanakeepong, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Histogram compensation to improve blind modulation detection in adaptive OFDM', 2009 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS), 2009 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS 2009), IEEE.
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Lammers, T & Held, T 1970, 'The Impact of the Implementation of the EC Regulation No 561/2006 on German Small and Medium-Sized Trucking Companies', Erich Schmidt Verlag GmbH & Co KG.

Lancry, M, Groothoff, N, Guizard, S, Yang, W, Poumellec, B, Kazansky, PG & Canning, J 1970, 'Femtosecond laser direct processing in wet and dry silica glass', JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS, 7th Symposium on SiO(2), Advanced Dielectriece and Related Devices, ELSEVIER, St Etienne, FRANCE, pp. 1057-1061.
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Lawrence, E, Loke, L, Raban, R, Brookes, W & Aubrey, T 1970, 'Towards an Understanding of Collaboration in Teaching Technology Subjects in an Amalgamated Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology', 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOBILE, HYBRID, AND ON-LINE LEARNING (ELML), International Conference on Mobile, Hybrid, and On-Line Learning, IEEE Computer Society Conference Publications, Cancun, Mexico, pp. 47-52.
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The paper sets out a collaborative approach for teaching technology subjects. It Illustrates the benefits of this approach over the single academic owning a particular subject. The paper presents preliminary findings from interviews with academics in a newly combined Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology. It concludes by pointing the way to the future of htis funded research project.

Lawrence, E, Navarro, KF, Hoang, D, Lim, YY & IEEE 1970, 'Data Collection, Correlation and Dissemination of Medical Sensor Information in a WSN', ICNS: 2009 FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKING AND SERVICES, International Conference on Networking and Services, IEEE, Valencia, Spain, pp. 402-408.
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This paper describes the development of a Wireless Sensor Network personal health monitoring system called Medical MoteCare which uses a combination of medical and environmental sensors. SNMP and CodeBlue agents are incorporated in the system as is the network management software JaguarSX. Network management models and tools provide an alternative, scalable and affordable solution to WSN health monitoring applications that allow for data storage correlation and dissemination as well as timely alerts when parameters are breached. This work forms part of a large grant aimed at providing assistive healthcare for the elderly.

Lazos, L, Liu, S & Krunz, M 1970, 'Mitigating control-channel jamming attacks in multi-channel ad hoc networks', Proceedings of the second ACM conference on Wireless network security, WISEC '09: Second ACM Conference on Wireless Network Security, ACM, pp. 169-180.
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We address the problem of control-channel jamming attacks in multi-channel ad hoc networks. Deviating from the traditional view that sees jamming attacks as a physical-layer vulnerability, we consider a sophisticated adversary who exploits knowledge of the protocol mechanics along with cryptographic quantities extracted from compromised nodes to maximize the impact of his attack on higher-layer functions. We propose new security metrics that quantify the ability of the adversary to deny access to the control channel, and the overall delay incurred in re-establishing the control channel. We also propose a randomized distributed scheme that allows nodes to establish a new control channel using frequency hopping. Our method differs from classic frequency hopping in that no two nodes share the same hopping sequence, thus mitigating the impact of node compromise. Furthermore, a compromised node is uniquely identified through its hop sequence, leading to its isolation from any future information regarding the frequency location of the control channel. Copyright 2009 ACM.

Lazos, L, Liu, S & Krunz, M 1970, 'Spectrum Opportunity-Based Control Channel Assignment in Cognitive Radio Networks', 2009 6th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, 2009 6th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, IEEE, Rome, ITALY, pp. 135-143.
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Lee, T & Shraibman, A 1970, 'Disjointness is Hard in the Multiparty Number-on-the-Forehead Model', computational complexity, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, pp. 309-336.
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Lee, T, Schechtman, G & Shraibman, A 1970, 'Lower Bounds on Quantum Multiparty Communication Complexity', 2009 24th Annual IEEE Conference on Computational Complexity, 2009 24th Annual IEEE Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC), IEEE.
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Leijdekkers, P, Gay, V & Barin, E 1970, 'Trial Results of a Novel Cardiac Rhythm Management System Using Smart Phones and Wireless ECG Sensors', AMBIENT ASSISTIVE HEALTH AND WELLNESS MANAGEMENT IN THE HEART OF THE CITY, PROCEEDING, International Conference On Smart homes and health Telematics, LNCS Springer, Tours, France, pp. 32-39.
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This paper discusses the trial results of a personalised Cardiac Rhythm Management (CRM) system using a smart phone (PDA) and a wireless ECG sensor. The system is used in a trial to record and diagnose abnormal cardiac arrhythmias. This novel approach uses standard mobile phones, off-the-shelf ECG sensors and personalised feedback to the patient when compared to a conventional clinical Holter and event monitor systems. The preliminary results are discussed of an ongoing trial conducted with the Royal North Shore Hospital in Sydney Australia. The results indicate the viability of the system for commercial purposes.

Leijdekkers, P, Gay, VC, Lawrence, EM & Barin, E 1970, 'A PDA-based software interface for remote vital sign monitoring: initial clinical experience', Europace 2009 Vol 11 (suppl 1) Pg 163, CardioRhythm, Europace, Hong Kong, pp. 163-164.

Lelin Zhang, Zhiyong Wang & Dagan Feng 1970, 'Two-level indexing for high-dimensional range queries in peer-to-peer networks', 2009 IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, 2009 IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP), IEEE.
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Lemke, C, Riedel, S & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Dynamic combination of forecasts generated by diversification procedures applied to forecasting of airline cancellations', 2009 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering, 2009 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering (CIFEr), IEEE, pp. 85-91.
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The combination of forecasts is a well established procedure for improving forecast performance and decreasing the risk of selecting an inferior model out of an existing pool of models. Work in this area mainly focuses on combining several functionally different models, but some publications also deal with combining forecasts with the same functional approach. In the latter case, individual forecasts are generated by diversifying one or more model parameters or, if dealing with hierarchical data, by using forecasts from different levels. This work looks at multi-dimensional data from airline industry, with the aim of improving the forecast of cancellation rates for bookings. Three different methods are employed for the generation of individual forecasts. Forecast combinations are usually implemented in a more or less static structure, either including all available forecasts or trimming a fixed percentage of the worst performing models. For a big number of individual forecasts, this procedure can become inefficient. In this paper, a dynamic approach of pooling and trimming is applied to the generated forecasts for airline cancellation data. © 2009 IEEE.

Leong, T & Brynskov, M 1970, 'Confessions: Engaging with Values through Urban Conversations', 21st Annual Conference of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group: Design, ACM Press, Melbourne, pp. 209-216.

Leong, TW & Brynskov, M 1970, 'CO ₂ nfession', Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group: Design: Open 24/7, OZCHI '09: Proceedings of the 21st conference of the computer-human interaction special interest group of Australia on Computer-human interaction: design, ACM, pp. 209-216.
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It has been suggested that future directions of HCI would need to place human values at its core. One approach towards this complex endeavor is to build an understanding of these values through examining systems designed to address them. This paper focuses on an urban installation - -CO2nfession/ CO2mmitment - -that deals with one such (societal) value: environmental sustainability. Designed to solicit personal opinions about climate change, we found the 'confessional' aspect of the installation encouraged strong reflexivity amongst 'users' with regards to this value and precipitated personal considerations about future actions. More importantly this reflexivity exposes people's lived and felt experiences about this societal value, unearthing their ambivalences, hindrances but also motivations. This installation highlights an alternate approach that can complement current efforts without taking a 'big stick' approach. Instead, urban media technologies can be harnessed to engage people with this value on their own terms, through encouraging conversations and supporting reflexivity. © ACM 2009.

Leveaux, R 1970, 'Using Technology in Sport to Support Referee's Decision Making', KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND INNOVATION IN ADVANCING ECONOMIES-ANALYSES & SOLUTIONS, VOLS 1-3, Knowledge Management and Innovation in Advancing Economies, International Business Information Management Association, Marrakech, Morocco, pp. 1184-1191.
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The main aim and focus of this work is to examine the technologies that are currently being used by some of the professional and Olympic sports, to assist referees in making the correct decisions. Five major sports in Australia were examined through discussion groups and interviews. The participants in the study had all officiated from the grassroots level to the elite level, using the technologies being adopted by their sport. The findings present that, in the majority of the examined sports, differing degrees of technology is being applied to aid in the decision making process. When used, technology does provide a mechanism to ensure the correctness of decisions. The success of the introduction of decision support technology is dependant on its usability, appropriate application and acceptance by the officials and participants of the match. The diligent use and application of appropriate technologies can be used as an effective aid to refereeing. Since the introduction of the use of technology to assist the referee, illegal play and tactics have been dramatically reduced and to a certain extent eliminated: subsequently these technologies have been a major contributor to the provision of a fairer platform for competition and led to improved player performance. The findings provide a basis for further studies and possible trials with technologies to assist the referee in providing fair competition and to improve the quality of referees decision making.

Leveaux, RR 1970, 'The Effect of University Sport in The Assimilation to University Life: An Australian Perspective', The Effect of University Sport in The Assimilation to University Life: An Australian Perspective, FISU / UBOC, Belgrade, pp. 1-6.

Lezana, P, Aguilera, R & Quevedo, D 1970, 'Steady-state issues with finite control set model predictive control', 2009 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IECON 2009 - 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics (IECON), IEEE, pp. 1776-1781.
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Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) is a novel and promising control scheme for power converters and drives. Many practical and theoretical issues have been presented in the literature, showing good performance of this technique. The present work deals with one of the most relevant aspects of any controller, namely, the steady-state operation. As will be shown, basic FCS-MPC formulations can be enhanced to achieve a zero average steady-state error. We focus on a simple H-Bridge power converter with two complementary switches and discuss benefits and drawbacks of our proposal. ©2009 IEEE.

Lezana, P, Aguilera, R & Quevedo, D 1970, 'Steady-State Issues with Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control', IECON: 2009 35TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1-6, 35th Annual Conference of the IEEE-Industrial-Electronics-Society, IEEE, Porto, PORTUGAL, pp. 1663-+.
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Li, K, Zhou, W, Yu, S & Dai, B 1970, 'Effective DDoS Attacks Detection Using Generalized Entropy Metric', ALGORITHMS AND ARCHITECTURES FOR PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS, 9th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Taipei, TAIWAN, pp. 266-280.
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Li, L, Xu, G, Zhang, Y & Kitsuregawa, M 1970, 'Enhancing Web Search by Aggregating Results of Related Web Queries', Web Information Systems Engineering - WISE 2009 Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Web Information Systems Engineering - WISE 2009, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Poznan, Poland, pp. 203-217.
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Currently, commercial search engines have implemented methods to suggest alternative Web queries to users, which helps them specify alternative related queries in pursuit of finding needed Web pages. In this paper, we address the Web search problem on related queries to improve retrieval quality by devising a novel search rank aggregation mechanism. Given an initial query and the suggested related queries, our search system concurrently processes their search result lists from an existing search engine and then forms a single list aggregated by all the retrieved lists. In particular we propose a generic rank aggregation framework which considers not only the number of wins that an item won in a competition, but also the quality of its competitor items in calculat- ing the ranking of Web items. The framework combines the traditional and random walk based rank aggregation methods to produce a more reasonable list to users. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can clearly improve the retrieval quality in a parallel man- ner over the traditional search strategy that serially returns result lists. Moreover, we also empirically investigate how different rank aggregation methods affect the retrieval performance.

Li, W & Hoang, D 1970, 'A New Security Scheme for E-health System', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS, International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems, IEEE Computer Society, Baltimore, Maryland USA, pp. 361-366.
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Security is a critical requirement for the e-health system because the patient's sensitive information can be acessed remotely ant his makes the entire system vulnerable to malicious attacks. In this paper, we present a novel role-interaction-organization security model and apply it to the e-health system which is modeled as a multi-agent system. The roles in our proposed modeled as a multi-agent system. The roles in our proposed model do not only determine access right passively, but also initiate requests to interact dynamically with the agents who meet the security requirements. The interaction and the organization models help to identify the actions and responsibilities that a role can assume in the system within the organization and any dynamic interactions it can partake. A simple case from the e-health system is given to illustrate the application of the model.

Li, Y & Esselle, KP 1970, 'Consideration of bandwidth of the small EBG-resonator antenna using the in-phase highly-reflecting surfaces', 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), IEEE.
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The drawback of the small EBG-resonator antenna using a square-patch in-phase highlyreflecting surface (HRS), proposed in [1], is its narrow bandwidth. The theoretical method is cleared for analyzing the effect of the bandwidth of the in-phase HRS on the bandwidth of the EBG-resonator antenna in this paper. To enhance the gain bandwidth of the antenna according to the theoretical rule, a double-layer mushroom-type in-phase HRS surface, whose reflection phase decreases much slower with frequency than that of the square-patch HRS, is designed. Results of an antenna application with wider bandwidth at 11.9 GHz are shown. © 2009 IEEE.

Li, Y & Esselle, KP 1970, 'Consideration of Bandwidth of the Small EBG-Resonator Antenna Using the In-Phase Highly-Reflecting Surfaces', 2009 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM AND USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING, VOLS 1-6, IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium /USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, N Charleston, SC, pp. 1192-1195.

Li, Y, Yang, Q, Liu, H, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Xu, W 1970, 'Study on a wind-solar complementary power inverter', 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 159-162.
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This paper studies a wind-solar complementary singlephase sine wave power inverter, including the hardware structure, operating principle, and method to the charging and discharging design. A dual-level three-state intelligent float charging based on PIC single chip control is brought forward for combining the special characteristics of wind-solar energy system. It helps the automatic transfer between charging and discharging and active protection of the battery. Unattended wind-solar complementary power system is achieved. With the help of reasonable calculation and simulation analysis, the final parameters are determined. A prototype of 500W/220V/50Hz single-phase sine wave power inverter has been fabricated. Through the model experiment the output voltage waveforms are found in conformity at both no-load and full-load, and the THD is very low. Therefore, the workability and validity are proved.

Li, Y, Yang, Q, Wang, Y, Sun, J, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Lin, Z, Xu, W & Wang, Y 1970, 'Improved measurement of three-dimensional magnetic properties of SMC material', 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, 2009 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 155-158.
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An improved three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic property measurement system, which can indirectly measure the magnetic field strength H vector in a cubic sample of soft magnetic composite (SMC) material by controlling the three components of the magnetic flux density B vectors, has been developed and calibrated. This paper especially describes the improved structure of the sample with H and B sensing coils, and deals with the magnetic compensation problem. The relationship between the B vector and H vector has been measured under alternating and rotating flux conditions by using the 3-D magnetic measuring system, and the core loss features have been analyzed when the B loci are controlled as circles with increasing magnitudes and ellipses evolving from a straight line to circle in three orthogonal planes.

Li, Y-F, Kwok, JT, Tsang, IW & Zhou, Z-H 1970, 'A Convex Method for Locating Regions of Interest with Multi-instance Learning', European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (LNCS 5782) Part II, European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Bled, Slovenia, pp. 15-30.
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In content-based image retrieval (CBIR) and image screening, it is often desirable to locate the regions of interest (ROI) in the images automatically. This can be accomplished with multi-instance learning techniques by treating each image as a bag of instances (regions). Many SVM-based methods are successful in predicting the bag labels, however, few of them can locate the ROIs. Moreover, they are often based on either local search or an EM-style strategy, and may get stuck in local minima easily. In this paper, we propose two convex optimization methods which maximize the margin of concepts via key instance generation at the instance-level and bag-level, respectively. Our formulation can be solved efficiently with a cutting plane algorithm. Experiments show that the proposed methods can effectively locate ROIs, and they also achieve performances competitive with state-of-the-art algorithms on benchmark data sets.

Li, YF, Tsang, IW, Kwok, JT & Zhou, ZH 1970, 'Tighter and convex maximum margin clustering', Journal of Machine Learning Research, pp. 344-351.
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Maximum margin principle has been successfully applied to many supervised and semi-supervised problems in machine learning. Recently, this principle was extended for clustering, referred to as Maximum Margin Clustering (MMC) and achieved promising performance in recent studies. To avoid the problem of local minima, MMC can be solved globally via convex semi-definite programming (SDP) relaxation. Although many efficient approaches have been pro- posed to alleviate the computational burden of SDP, convex MMCs are still not scalable for medium data sets. In this paper, we propose a novel convex optimization method, LG-MMC, which maximizes the margin of opposite clusters via 'Label Generation'. It can be shown that LG-MMC is much more scalable than existing convex approaches. Moreover, we show that our convex relaxation is tighter than state-of-art con- vex MMCs. Experiments on seventeen UCI datasets and MNIST dataset show significant improvement over existing MMC algorithms.© 2009 by the authors.

Liang, S-F, Liu, C-S, Chang, W-L, Tsao, Y-H, Ko, L-W & Lin, C-T 1970, 'Assessment of musical training induced neuroplasticity by auditory event related potentials and neural networks', 2009 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2009 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2009 - Atlanta), IEEE, pp. 1797-1801.
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Music provides a tool to study numerous aspects of neuroscience from motion-skill to emotion since listening to and producing music involves many brain functions. The musician's brain is also regarded as an ideal model to investigate plasticity of the human brain. In this paper, an EEG-based neural network is proposed to assess neuroplasticity induced by musical training. A musical chord perception experiment is designed to acquire and compare the behavioral and neural responses of musicians and non-musicians. The ERPs elicited by the consonant and dissonant chords are combined together as the features of the model. The principle component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce feature dimensions and the dimension-reduced features are input to a feedforward neural network to recognize the brain potentials belong to a musician or a non-musician. The accuracy can reach 97% in average for leave-one-out cross validation of six subjects in this experiment. It demonstrates the feasibility of assessing effects of musical training by ERP signals elicited by musical chord perception. © 2009 IEEE.

Liao, L-D, Chao, PC-P, Chen, Y-H, Lin, C-T, Ko, L-W, Lin, H-H & Hsu, W-H 1970, 'A novel hybrid bioelectrode module for the zero-prep EEG measurements', 2009 IEEE Sensors, 2009 IEEE Sensors, IEEE, Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND, pp. 939-942.
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Lin Luo, Jian Zhang & Zhenning Shi 1970, 'MIMO Quadrature-OFDMA systems', 2009 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2009 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2009), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 2739-2743.
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Lin, C-C & Ziolkowski, RW 1970, 'A dual-band low frequency metamaterial-inspired magnetic-based antennas', 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), IEEE.
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Lin, C-T, Ko, L-W, Chang, C-J, Wang, Y-T, Chung, C-H, Yang, F-S, Duann, J-R, Jung, T-P & Chiou, J-C 1970, 'Wearable and Wireless Brain-Computer Interface and Its Applications', FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, PROCEEDINGS, 5th International Conference on Foundation of Augmented Cognition, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, San Diego, CA, pp. 741-748.
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Lin, C-T, Yang, F-S, Chiou, T-C, Ko, L-W, Duann, J-R & Gramann, K 1970, 'EEG-Based Spatial Navigation Estimation in a Virtual Reality Driving Environment', 2009 Ninth IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and BioEngineering, 2009 Ninth IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and BioEngineering (BIBE), IEEE, Taichung, TAIWAN, pp. 435-+.
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Lin, C-Y & Ku, M-K 1970, 'Node operation reduced decoding for LDPC codes', 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2009, IEEE, N Charleston, SC, pp. 896-899.
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Ling, SH, Lau, SC, Luo, M, Ge, SS & IEEE 1970, 'Dynamic Resource Allocation with Machine Degradation using Decentralized Multi-Agent Approach', 2009 IEEE/ASME INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INTELLIGENT MECHATRONICS, VOLS 1-3, IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, IEEE, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 1169-1174.

Ling, SH, Nguyen, HT & Chan, KY 1970, 'A New Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Neural Network Optimization', NSS: 2009 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORK AND SYSTEM SECURITY, International Conference on network and System Security, IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 516-521.
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This paper presents a new particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for tuning parameters (weights) of neural networks. The new PSO algorithm is called fuzzy logic-based particle swarm optimization with cross-mutated operation (FPSOCM), where the fuzzy inference system is applied to determine the inertia weight of PSO and the control parameter of the proposed cross-mutated operation by using human knowledge. By introducing the fuzzy system, the value of the inertia weight becomes variable. The cross-mutated operation is effectively force the solution to escape the local optimum. Tuning parameters (weights) of neural networks is presented using the FPSOCM. Numerical example of neural network is given to illustrate that the performance of the FPSOCM is good for tuning the parameters (weights) of neural networks.

Lister, R & Box, I 1970, 'A citation analysis of the AUIC 2006 - 2008 proceedings, with reference to the CORE conference and journal rankings', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, pp. 35-44.
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This paper compares the CORE rankings of computing conferences and journals to the frequency of citation of those journals and conferences in the Australasian User Interface Conference (AUIC) 2006, 2007 and 2008 proceedings. The assumption underlying this study is that there should be a positive relationship between citation rates and the CORE rankings. Our analysis shows that CORE conference and journal rankings broadly reflect the AUIC citations, but we note some anomalies. While these anomalies might be minor in the larger scheme of things, any anomalies need to be addressed, as the careers of individual academics may depend upon it. The concept of conference and journal rankings is probably here to stay, and this paper ends with some suggestions on how the rankings process should now evolve, so that it becomes more transparent. © 2009, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Lister, R & Box, I 1970, 'A citation analysis of the ICER 2005-07 proceedings', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society Inc., Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 119-128.
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This paper identifies the most commonly cited conferences, journals and books of the 43 papers within the first three ICER proceedings. A large array of conferences, journals, and books were cited. However, only a small set of journals and conferences were cited frequently, and the majority were only cited within a single paper, which is consistent with a power law distribution, as predicted by Zipf's Law. The most commonly cited books are concerned with education in general (29%) or psychology (20%), while 17% of books are concerned with computer science education and 12% with computing content. The citation results for ICER are contrasted with earlier published citation analyses of SIGCSE 2007 and ACE2005-07. © 2009, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Lister, R, Fidge, C & Teague, D 1970, 'Further evidence of a relationship between explaining, tracing and writing skills in introductory programming', Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education, ITiCSE '09: Annual Co