Ali, K, Horsfall, C & Lister, R 1989, 'Towards knowledge-based identification of mineral mixtures from reflectance spectra', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 5-13.
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GOLD/M is an expert system that identifies some mineral mixtures in rocks by searching for characteristic features in the infrared reflectance spectra of the rocks. Some of these minerals indicate subsurface gold deposits. The system is implemented in a shell based on subjective Bayesian reasoning, as used in the Prospector expert system. An earlier system, called GOLD, could identify only the one mineral in a pure sample. GOLD/M identifies up to two minerals in a rock consisting of a mixture of minerals. This paper discusses the extensions made to cope with mineral mixtures, and discusses problems that emerged with the Prospector formalism. © 1989.
Donnelly, IJ & Watterson, PA 1989, 'Ion-matrix sheath structure around cathodes of complex shape', Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 90-93.
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Gann, P, Nghiem, L & Warner, S 1989, 'Pregnancy characteristics and outcomes of Cambodian refugees.', American Journal of Public Health, vol. 79, no. 9, pp. 1251-1257.
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This study describes the perinatal characteristics of Cambodian refugees in Massachusetts. Data were abstracted from the records of 452 consecutive pregnancies among Cambodian women and 110 low-income Whites receiving obstetrical services at the same clinic and hospital in Lowell, Massachusetts. Pregnancies of Cambodian women were marked by a higher proportion of older mothers, grand multiparas, previous adverse birth outcomes, and short interpregnancy intervals. We identified maternal anemia (29.9 percent with hemoglobin less than 110 g/L) and inadequate utilization of prenatal care (32.3 percent with first visit in the 3rd trimester) as possible risk factors for the Cambodians. The prevalence of primary cesarean birth was only 6.3 percent in the Cambodians, compared to 15.6 percent in the comparison group, largely due to the infrequent occurrence of prolonged labor among multiparas. Despite the prominence of several risk factors for adverse birth outcomes in this population, major pregnancy complications were less common and the prevalence of low birthweight (6.4 percent) was close to the state average. Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for low birthweight identified young maternal age and short stature as the strongest factors operative in this community. Many of our findings are consistent with a strong cultural emphasis on managing the size of the baby to avoid a difficult labor and delivery.
Haseyama, M, Nagai, N, Miki, N & Miyanaga, Y 1989, 'Normalized ARMA lattice filter and its terminal conditions', Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science), vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 1-13.
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Huang, MZ & Waldron, KJ 1989, 'An Efficient Rate Allocation Algorithm in Redundant Kinematic Chains', Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design, vol. 111, no. 4, pp. 545-554.
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This paper addresses a basic problem which arises in the coordination of serial chain manipulators, namely, that of decomposing a given end effector velocity state into a set of joint rates. Such a problem is indeterminate for manipulators with kinematic redundancy. A novel method of solving the rate distribution problem for the class of fully revolute-jointed, serial manipulators is developed. The technique is an extension of the axial field solution scheme developed initially for solving the force allocation problem in a statically indeterminate parallel chain system. The basis of the solution method lies in the dualities of velocity and force systems between series and parallel mechanisms. The method offers an efficient means of rate coordination and is especially useful in the control of manipulators with high degrees of redundancy. Two examples have been given for illustration. It is shown that the minimum norm solution, obtainable commonly from pseudoinverse, can also be achieved using this new efficient algorithm.
Kumar, V & Waldron, KJ 1989, 'Actively Coordinated Vehicle Systems', Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design, vol. 111, no. 2, pp. 223-231.
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The use of independent actuation of suspension and locomotion degrees of freedom offers significant potential for improved performance vehicles. In this paper, the mathematics of active coordination of such systems is explored. Two different, actively coordinated mobility system configurations are used as examples to elucidate the principles involved.
Kumar, V & Waldron, KJ 1989, 'Actively coordinated vehicle systems', Journal of mechanisms, transmissions, and automation in design, vol. 111, no. 2, pp. 223-231.
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The use of independent actuation of suspension and locomotion degrees of freedom offers significant potential for improved performance vehicles. In this paper, the mathematics of active coordination of such systems is explored. Two different, actively coordinated mobility system configurations are used as examples to elucidate the principles involved.
Kumar, V & Waldron, KJ 1989, 'Suboptimal algorithms for force distribution in multifingered grippers', IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 491-498.
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Kumar, VR & Waldron, KJ 1989, 'Adaptive gait control for a walking robot', Journal of Robotic Systems, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 49-76.
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Kwan, PYK & Shannon, AG 1989, 'Objective tests and latent trait theories', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 457-467.
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After a discussion about objectivity in measurement, this paper describes some linear and logistic models for the implementation of latent trait theory. The aim is to consider those mathematical and educational issues pertinent to learning more about the topic and using those standardized tests which utilize the Rasch and similar models of assessment. © 1989 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Ohkama, H, Miki, N, Nagai, N & Miyanaga, Y 1989, 'A parallel processing architecture for parameter estimation with recursive least squares', Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science), vol. 72, no. 9, pp. 105-114.
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Sheng, D, Knutsson, S & Axelsson, K 1989, 'Verification and application of a numerical model for frost front penetration', Frost in geotechnical engineering. International symposium, Saariselka, 1989. Vol. 1, pp. 401-414.
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A PC-version of a numerical model for calculation of the frost front penetration and the temperature distribution in frozen and unfrozen soils has been developed. The model is described and so are the results from the application of the model to a field test. -from Authors
TIPPING, PG, LEONG, TW & HOLDSWORTH, SR 1989, 'GLOMERULAR TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF) PRODUCTION IN EXPERIMENTAL ANTI-GBM GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (GN)', KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1166-1166.
Vigneswaran, S & Chang, JS 1989, 'Experimental testing of mathematical models describing the entire cycle of filtration', Water Research, vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 1413-1421.
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Two mathematical models developed based on different concepts to describe the entire cycle of filtration were tested with experimental results. The concept of Model I is based on the detachment of deposited particles. The degree of detachment was assumed proportional to the hydraulic gradient and number of particles already retained on the filter grain. Model II is based on the concept that there exists a maximum limit on particle deposition on the filter grain. It was found that Model I, based on the detachment assumption, can simulate better than Model II does. This may be an experimental proof for the concept of detachment which is now agreed by most of the researchers. The ultimate specific deposit was estimated experimentally for different filtration velocities to give a qualitative justification on the applicability range of the proposed models. © 1989.
Visvanathan, C, Aim, RB & Vigneswaran, S 1989, 'Application of cross-flow electro-microfiltration in chromium wastewater treatment', Desalination, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 265-276.
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Cross-flow microfiltration (CFMF) was experimentally studied for the separation of precipitates of chromium hydroxide. Although this process enables one to obtain chromium-free filtrate, a disadvantage is that the filtration flux declines rapidly due to membrane fouling. In order to avoid this fouling problem and increase the filtration flux, an electric field was applied across the membrane as an antifouling technique (cross-flow electro-microfiltration-CFEMF). The surface charges of the precipitates were modified by adding a dispersant. The experimental results indicate that this modified process of CFEMF is highly effective in reducing the membrane fouling, which eventually leads to a remarkable filtration flux increase. The application of this antifouling technique of CFEMF is cited only for the suspensions containing charged particles and colloids. Nevertheless, the process of modification of surface charge with a dispersant permits us to use this technique with a wide variety of suspensions. © 1989.
Waldron, KJ, Raghavan, M & Roth, B 1989, 'Kinematics of a Hybrid Series-Parallel Manipulation System', Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, vol. 111, no. 2, pp. 211-221.
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In this paper we first derive the coordinate transformations associated with a three-degree-of-freedom in-parallel-actuated micro-manipulator. Then we combine these results with the transformations associated with an in-series three-axis wrist on which the in-parallel micro-manipulator is mounted. The results are the basic transformation equations between joint-space position variables and end-effector (or task space) position variables for a hybrid series/parallel six-degree-of-freedom manipulator system. This structural combination results in a manipulator which exhibits desirable fine and gross motion characteristics as both a stand-alone device or as a sub-system of a more complex system with redundant degrees of freedom. The forward and inverse position kinematics and rate and force decomposition for this hybrid six-degree-of-freedom linkage are presented.
Watterson, PA 1989, 'Child-Langmuir sheath structure around wedge-shaped cathodes', Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1300-1307.
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The steady state Child-Langmuir sheath around a wedge-shaped cathode immersed in a plasma is calculated numerically. The ions drawn from the plasma may be employed to sputter material from the cathode, or may implant into the cathode, depending upon the magnitude of the applied negative voltage. The ion impact rate onto the cathode reaches 2.2 times higher near a square edge and 3.6 times higher near a knife edge than the rate for planar surfaces of the cathode. However, for a knife edge the rate falls to zero at the edge. All the ions strike the cathode with the same kinetic energy, but the angle of impact is nonperpendicular near the edge, which could reduce the implantation depth and increase sputtering. © 1989 IOP Publishing Ltd.
YING, MS 1989, 'ON A CLASS OF NON-CAUSAL TRIANGLE FUNCTIONS', MATHEMATICAL PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, vol. 106, no. NA, pp. 467-469.
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YING, MS 1989, 'ON EPSILON-FUZZY SETS', FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 123-129.
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Young, W, Hadgraft, R, Friday, R, Prior, M, Sharpe, R, Spencer, WJ, Szwed, N, Taylor, MAP, Walker, D & Wigan, M 1989, 'Knowledge based systems in civil engineering', Civil Engineering Systems, vol. 6, no. 1-2, pp. 3-4.
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Zamorano, LJ, Martinez-Coll, A & Dujovny, M 1989, 'Transposition of Image-defined Trajectories into Arc-quadrant Centered Stereotactic Systems', pp. 109-111.
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BALL, JE, OLOUGHLIN, GG & COUNCIL, AWR 1970, 'APPROPRIATE MODELS FOR URBAN STORM-SEWER SYSTEMS', WATERCOMP 89, 1ST AUSTRALASIAN CONF ON TECHNICAL COMPUTING IN THE WATER INDUSTRY ( PREPRINTS ), INST ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 131-135.
Braun, RM 1970, 'Multi-dimensional median filtering for processing network and spectrum analyzer information', pp. 85-89.
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The author describes the use of median filtering to enhance the readability of the trace information of such instruments as network analyzers and spectrum analyzers. A class of mildly recursive median filters (MRMFs) is described, and application to a spectrum analyzer is demonstrated. The results show that a 41% improvement in Gaussian noise, using an MRMF with a window size of three samples, is possible. The MRMF turns out to have considerably better performance for very small window sizes than nonrecursive MFs.
Dujovny, M, Martinez-Coll, A, Ausman, JI, Perlin, A & Stewart, M 1970, 'Intracranial pressure correlation with cytochrome aa3 and hemoglobin redox measured by noninvasive near infrared spectrophotometry', Surgical Forum, pp. 478-479.
Esselle, KP & Stuchly, SS 1970, 'Analysis of the loaded loop antenna', Digest on Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Digest on Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, IEEE, pp. 363-366.
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The authors analyze the receiving response of the unloaded and uniformly loaded loops, without approximating the distributed impedance loading. No assumptions are made about the size of the loop. Numerical results are presented. It is shown that a properly chosen distributed resistance results in a flat sensitivity magnitude response and a linear phase response in the φ0 = 180° direction. This property should make the resistively loaded loop useful for pulse reception.
HADGRAFT, RG & WIGAN, MR 1970, 'A POSSIBLE PROTOTYPE FOR A NEW AUSTRALIAN RAINFALL AND RUNOFF', HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES SYMPOSIUM 1989 : COMPARISONS IN AUSTRAL HYDROLOGY, 18TH SYMP ON HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES : COMPARISONS IN AUSTRAL HYDROLOGY ( PREPRINTS ), INST ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA, UNIV CANTERBURY, CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND, pp. 481-482.
HADGRAFT, RG & WIGAN, MR 1970, 'ASSESSMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE CODIFICATION AND DELIVERY OF ENGINEERING EXPERIENCE', WATERCOMP 89, 1ST AUSTRALASIAN CONF ON TECHNICAL COMPUTING IN THE WATER INDUSTRY ( PREPRINTS ), INST ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 160-164.
HADGRAFT, RG & WIGAN, MR 1970, 'TOWARDS EFFECTIVE FIELD SUPPORT AND RETRAINING FOR ENGINEERS WHO USE AUSTRALIAN RAINFALL AND RUNOFF', HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES SYMPOSIUM 1989 : COMPARISONS IN AUSTRAL HYDROLOGY, 18TH SYMP ON HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES : COMPARISONS IN AUSTRAL HYDROLOGY ( PREPRINTS ), INST ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA, UNIV CANTERBURY, CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND, pp. 468-472.
Nanua, P & Waldron, KJ 1970, 'Direct kinematic solution of a Stewart platform', Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 431-437.
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The Stewart platform is a fully parallel, six-degree-of-freedom manipulator mechanism. A solution of the direct kinematics problem for the Stewart platform is presented for the case in which the six limbs form three concurrent pairs at either the base or the hand member. The solution is shown to be reducible to a 24th-order polynomial equation in tan(φr/2). It is also shown that, for a given set of link lengths, the Stewart platform can be assembled in 24 different configurations.
