Ali, K, Horsfall, C & Lister, R 1989, 'Towards knowledge-based identification of mineral mixtures from reflectance spectra', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 5-13.
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GOLD/M is an expert system that identifies some mineral mixtures in rocks by searching for characteristic features in the infrared reflectance spectra of the rocks. Some of these minerals indicate subsurface gold deposits. The system is implemented in a shell based on subjective Bayesian reasoning, as used in the Prospector expert system. An earlier system, called GOLD, could identify only the one mineral in a pure sample. GOLD/M identifies up to two minerals in a rock consisting of a mixture of minerals. This paper discusses the extensions made to cope with mineral mixtures, and discusses problems that emerged with the Prospector formalism. © 1989.
Besieris, IM, Shaarawi, AM & Ziolkowski, RW 1989, 'A bidirectional traveling plane wave representation of exact solutions of the scalar wave equation', Journal of Mathematical Physics, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 1254-1269.
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Besieris, IM, Shaarawi, AM & Ziolkowski, RW 1989, 'Propagation of localized pulse trains in a circular acoustic waveguide', The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 86, no. S1, pp. S62-S62.
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Donnelly, IJ & Watterson, PA 1989, 'Ion-matrix sheath structure around cathodes of complex shape', Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 90-93.
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Gann, P, Nghiem, L & Warner, S 1989, 'Pregnancy characteristics and outcomes of Cambodian refugees.', American Journal of Public Health, vol. 79, no. 9, pp. 1251-1257.
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This study describes the perinatal characteristics of Cambodian refugees in Massachusetts. Data were abstracted from the records of 452 consecutive pregnancies among Cambodian women and 110 low-income Whites receiving obstetrical services at the same clinic and hospital in Lowell, Massachusetts. Pregnancies of Cambodian women were marked by a higher proportion of older mothers, grand multiparas, previous adverse birth outcomes, and short interpregnancy intervals. We identified maternal anemia (29.9 percent with hemoglobin less than 110 g/L) and inadequate utilization of prenatal care (32.3 percent with first visit in the 3rd trimester) as possible risk factors for the Cambodians. The prevalence of primary cesarean birth was only 6.3 percent in the Cambodians, compared to 15.6 percent in the comparison group, largely due to the infrequent occurrence of prolonged labor among multiparas. Despite the prominence of several risk factors for adverse birth outcomes in this population, major pregnancy complications were less common and the prevalence of low birthweight (6.4 percent) was close to the state average. Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for low birthweight identified young maternal age and short stature as the strongest factors operative in this community. Many of our findings are consistent with a strong cultural emphasis on managing the size of the baby to avoid a difficult labor and delivery.
Huang, MZ & Waldron, KJ 1989, 'An Efficient Rate Allocation Algorithm in Redundant Kinematic Chains', Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design, vol. 111, no. 4, pp. 545-554.
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This paper addresses a basic problem which arises in the coordination of serial chain manipulators, namely, that of decomposing a given end effector velocity state into a set of joint rates. Such a problem is indeterminate for manipulators with kinematic redundancy. A novel method of solving the rate distribution problem for the class of fully revolute-jointed, serial manipulators is developed. The technique is an extension of the axial field solution scheme developed initially for solving the force allocation problem in a statically indeterminate parallel chain system. The basis of the solution method lies in the dualities of velocity and force systems between series and parallel mechanisms. The method offers an efficient means of rate coordination and is especially useful in the control of manipulators with high degrees of redundancy. Two examples have been given for illustration. It is shown that the minimum norm solution, obtainable commonly from pseudoinverse, can also be achieved using this new efficient algorithm.
Huang, MZ & Waldron, KJ 1989, 'Efficient rate allocation algorithm in redundant kinematic chains', Journal of mechanisms, transmissions, and automation in design, vol. 111, no. 4, pp. 545-554.
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This paper addresses a basic problem which arises in the coordination of serial chain manipulators, namely, that of decomposing a given end effector velocity state into a set of joint rates. Such a problem is indeterminate for manipulators with kinematic redundancy. A novel method of solving the rate distribution problem for the class of fully revolute-jointed, serial manipulators is developed. The technique is an extension of the axial field solution scheme developed initially for solving the force allocation problem in a statically indeterminate parallel chain system. The basis of the solution method lies in the dualities of velocity and force systems between series and parallel mechanisms.
Kok, Y-L, Gallagher, NC & Ziolkowski, RW 1989, 'Dual series solution to the scattering of plane waves from a binary conducting grating', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 901-917.
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Shaarawi, AM, Besieris, IM & Ziolkowski, RW 1989, 'Localized energy pulse trains launched from an open, semi‐infinite, circular waveguide', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 805-813.
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Sheng, D, Knutsson, S & Axelsson, K 1989, 'Verification and application of a numerical model for frost front penetration', Frost in geotechnical engineering. International symposium, Saariselka, 1989. Vol. 1, pp. 401-414.
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A PC-version of a numerical model for calculation of the frost front penetration and the temperature distribution in frozen and unfrozen soils has been developed. The model is described and so are the results from the application of the model to a field test. -from Authors
Stewart, MG & Melchers, RE 1989, 'Checking Models in Structural Design', Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 115, no. 6, pp. 1309-1324.
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A large proportion of structural failures are due to human error in the design stage of a structural engineering project and many of these failures could have been averted if there had been adequate design checking Results are reported herein from surveys investigating the effectiveness of three typical design-checking processes: self-checking independent detailed design checking and overview checking Following a review of current work in this area appropriate mathematical models which examine the effects of error magnitude time and experience are proposed for each design checking process These are compared to the limited data obtained from the surveys Although preliminary the results have interesting implications for practitioners. © ASCE.
Stewart, MG & Melchers, RE 1989, 'Decision model for overview checking of engineering designs', International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 19-27.
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Overview checking occurs whenever an engineering design is reviewed by another engineer without specifically carrying out checking calculations or following through the design process in detail. Results are reported herein of a survey examining the effectiveness of overview checking. The respondents were requested to assess whether a structural design should be considered 'undersized', 'correct' or 'oversized'. Using the responses as a basis, a decision model is proposed for the effectiveness of overview checking as a function of error magnitude and of checker's experience. It is concluded that correct assessment of a design as 'safe' is not a function of experience. However, it appears that more experience is beneficial in selecting economical designs. © 1989.
Stewart, MG & Melchers, RE 1989, 'Error control in member design', Structural Safety, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 11-24.
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Available evidence suggests that design checking can significantly reduce the incidence of structural failures resulting from human errors in the design process. Since 'real-world' experimentation is not possible, it is of interest to develop a model to simulate the effects of human error on a typical design task and also to model typical checking procedures. The development and analysis of these models is described in the present paper. The design task considered is that of member design for a rafter of a steel portal frame building. It was found that checking efficiencies between 0.6 and 0.9 are most effective in increasing structural reliability and that, often, only two separate design checks are necessary to virtually eliminate the incidence of structural failure due to human error. © 1989.
Stewart, MG & Melchers, RE 1989, 'Optimization of Structural Design Checking', Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 115, no. 10, pp. 2448-2460.
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It is generally acknowledged that design checking reduces the incidence of structural failure. Because checking is often seen as nonproductive and costs money, the optimal degree of design checking is of interest. In the present paper, a decision model is developed to determine the optimal level of design checking. It is applied to the design of a steel rafter for a portal frame building. The model incorporates the effect of either an insured or an uninsured designer. Optimization was achieved by maximizing the expected utility. Using the model, it was found that the use of thorough self-checking and overview checking only is the optimal strategy, unless the consequences of failure are expected to be catastrophic, in which case one independent “design check” is also necessary. © ASCE.
Stewart, MG & Melchers, RE 1989, 'Structural design and design checking', Civil engineering transactions, vol. CE31, no. 1, pp. 63-69.
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The process of structural design has received very little attention from the research community despite its centralness in day-to-day structural engineering. Much of the research which has been done has been carried out in Australia over a number of years and with the co-operation of many structural engineers. The present paper reviews the reasons for being engaged in this relatively unusual research activity and provides an overview of the work to date. A review is given of the incidence and type of errors made in basic design tasks such as calculations, table look-up and table interpolation, and how these errors relate to results obtained for more comprehensive tasks such as loading determination and member design. One of the outcomes of the work has been to suggest areas in certain current design codes which are prone to misinterpretation by practitioners. Preliminary results related to design computation checking and inspection are also reviewed. This work potentially has major implications for quality assurance programmes.
TIPPING, PG, LEONG, TW & HOLDSWORTH, SR 1989, 'GLOMERULAR TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF) PRODUCTION IN EXPERIMENTAL ANTI-GBM GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (GN)', KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1166-1166.
Waldron, KJ, Raghavan, M & Roth, B 1989, 'Kinematics of a Hybrid Series-Parallel Manipulation System', Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, vol. 111, no. 2, pp. 211-221.
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In this paper we first derive the coordinate transformations associated with a three-degree-of-freedom in-parallel-actuated micro-manipulator. Then we combine these results with the transformations associated with an in-series three-axis wrist on which the in-parallel micro-manipulator is mounted. The results are the basic transformation equations between joint-space position variables and end-effector (or task space) position variables for a hybrid series/parallel six-degree-of-freedom manipulator system. This structural combination results in a manipulator which exhibits desirable fine and gross motion characteristics as both a stand-alone device or as a sub-system of a more complex system with redundant degrees of freedom. The forward and inverse position kinematics and rate and force decomposition for this hybrid six-degree-of-freedom linkage are presented.
Watterson, PA 1989, 'Child-Langmuir sheath structure around wedge-shaped cathodes', Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1300-1307.
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The steady state Child-Langmuir sheath around a wedge-shaped cathode immersed in a plasma is calculated numerically. The ions drawn from the plasma may be employed to sputter material from the cathode, or may implant into the cathode, depending upon the magnitude of the applied negative voltage. The ion impact rate onto the cathode reaches 2.2 times higher near a square edge and 3.6 times higher near a knife edge than the rate for planar surfaces of the cathode. However, for a knife edge the rate falls to zero at the edge. All the ions strike the cathode with the same kinetic energy, but the angle of impact is nonperpendicular near the edge, which could reduce the implantation depth and increase sputtering. © 1989 IOP Publishing Ltd.
YING, MS 1989, 'ON A CLASS OF NON-CAUSAL TRIANGLE FUNCTIONS', MATHEMATICAL PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, vol. 106, no. NA, pp. 467-469.
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YING, MS 1989, 'ON EPSILON-FUZZY SETS', FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 123-129.
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Young, W, Hadgraft, R, Friday, R, Prior, M, Sharpe, R, Spencer, WJ, Szwed, N, Taylor, MAP, Walker, D & Wigan, M 1989, 'Knowledge based systems in civil engineering', Civil Engineering Systems, vol. 6, no. 1-2, pp. 3-4.
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Zamorano, LJ, Martinez-Coll, A & Dujovny, M 1989, 'Transposition of Image-defined Trajectories into Arc-quadrant Centered Stereotactic Systems', pp. 109-111.
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Ziolkowski, RW 1989, 'Localized transmission of electromagnetic energy', Physical Review A, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 2005-2033.
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Ziolkowski, RW 1989, 'Localized Transmission Of Wave Energy', SPIE Proceedings, vol. 1061, pp. 395-402.
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Exact solutions of the scalar wave and Maxwell’s equations that describe localized transmission of wave energy and their representations will be reviewed briefly. These acoustic (ADEPT) and electromagnetic (EDEPT) directed energy pulse train solutions can be optimized so that they are localized near the direction of propagation and their original amplitude is recovered out to extremely large distances from their initial location. Pulses with these very desirable localized transmission characteristics have a number of potential applications in the areas of directed energy weapons, secure communications, and remote sensing. The feasibility of launching an ADEPT from an array of acoustic transducers has been tested experimentally. As will shown, excellent agreement between theoretical and experimental results was obtained. © 1989 SPIE.
Ziolkowski, RW, Lewis, DK & Cook, BD 1989, 'Evidence of Localized Wave Transmission', Physical Review Letters, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 147-150.
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Ziolkowski, RW, Shaarawi, AM & Besieris, IM 1989, 'A space-time representation of a massive, relativistic, spin zero particle', Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements, vol. 6, no. C, pp. 255-258.
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Novel solutions of the wave and the Klein-Gordon equations are discussed. In contrast to conventional plane wave representations, these classical macro-photons and macro-particles are constructed from basis functions that are more localized in space-time. These solutions can be designed to give directed, localized transmission of energy. They also exhibit properties which may reconcile contemporary ideas of photon localization and causality. © 1989.
Dujovny, M, Martinez-Coll, A, Ausman, JI, Perlin, A & Stewart, M 1970, 'Intracranial pressure correlation with cytochrome aa3 and hemoglobin redox measured by noninvasive near infrared spectrophotometry', Surgical Forum, pp. 478-479.
Esselle, KP & Stuchly, SS 1970, 'Analysis of the loaded loop antenna', Digest on Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Digest on Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, IEEE, pp. 363-366.
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The authors analyze the receiving response of the unloaded and uniformly loaded loops, without approximating the distributed impedance loading. No assumptions are made about the size of the loop. Numerical results are presented. It is shown that a properly chosen distributed resistance results in a flat sensitivity magnitude response and a linear phase response in the φ0 = 180° direction. This property should make the resistively loaded loop useful for pulse reception.
HADGRAFT, RG & WIGAN, MR 1970, 'A POSSIBLE PROTOTYPE FOR A NEW AUSTRALIAN RAINFALL AND RUNOFF', HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES SYMPOSIUM 1989 : COMPARISONS IN AUSTRAL HYDROLOGY, 18TH SYMP ON HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES : COMPARISONS IN AUSTRAL HYDROLOGY ( PREPRINTS ), INST ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA, UNIV CANTERBURY, CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND, pp. 481-482.
HADGRAFT, RG & WIGAN, MR 1970, 'ASSESSMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE CODIFICATION AND DELIVERY OF ENGINEERING EXPERIENCE', WATERCOMP 89, 1ST AUSTRALASIAN CONF ON TECHNICAL COMPUTING IN THE WATER INDUSTRY ( PREPRINTS ), INST ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 160-164.
HADGRAFT, RG & WIGAN, MR 1970, 'TOWARDS EFFECTIVE FIELD SUPPORT AND RETRAINING FOR ENGINEERS WHO USE AUSTRALIAN RAINFALL AND RUNOFF', HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES SYMPOSIUM 1989 : COMPARISONS IN AUSTRAL HYDROLOGY, 18TH SYMP ON HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES : COMPARISONS IN AUSTRAL HYDROLOGY ( PREPRINTS ), INST ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA, UNIV CANTERBURY, CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND, pp. 468-472.
Indraratna, B, Naguleswary, S & Balasubramaniam, AS 1970, 'Application of physical and mathematical modelling in underground excavations', 30th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics, USRMS 1989, pp. 301-308.
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The scope of this paper is to introduce a mathematical model based on matrix algebra in order to determine similitude quantities, which can be arranged in specific formats to simulate the field conditions and associated behaviour. The formulation of a typical mathematical model applicable to Geomechanics is demonstrated here. The examples provided are intended to facilitate comprehension and application of the proposed model in practice.
Pulford, DR, Sandeman, RJ, Houwing, AFP & Bone, DJ 1970, 'Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering in high enthalpy hypersonic flows', Seventeenth International Symposium on Shock Tubes and Waves.
