Ali, K, Horsfall, C & Lister, R 1989, 'Towards knowledge-based identification of mineral mixtures from reflectance spectra', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 5-13.
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GOLD/M is an expert system that identifies some mineral mixtures in rocks by searching for characteristic features in the infrared reflectance spectra of the rocks. Some of these minerals indicate subsurface gold deposits. The system is implemented in a shell based on subjective Bayesian reasoning, as used in the Prospector expert system. An earlier system, called GOLD, could identify only the one mineral in a pure sample. GOLD/M identifies up to two minerals in a rock consisting of a mixture of minerals. This paper discusses the extensions made to cope with mineral mixtures, and discusses problems that emerged with the Prospector formalism. © 1989.
BESIERIS, IM, SHAARAWI, AM & ZIOLKOWSKI, RW 1989, 'A BIDIRECTIONAL TRAVELING PLANE-WAVE REPRESENTATION OF EXACT-SOLUTIONS OF THE SCALAR WAVE-EQUATION', JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 1254-1269.
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Cabrera, JG, Gowripalan, N & Wainwright, PJ 1989, 'An assessment of concrete curing efficiency using gas permeability', Magazine of Concrete Research, vol. 41, no. 149, pp. 193-198.
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The current practice of assessing the effectiveness of a concrete curing compound is based on evaporation measurements from cement mortar slabs. The lack of precision of individual moisture loss measurements has prompted further investigation to measure other parameters to assess curing efficiency. This Paper reports preliminary results of a method based on oxygen permeability to assess curing efficiency. A comparison is made with results obtained using the method recommended in a British Standard draft.3The oxygen permeability method can also be applied to traditional methods of curing such as those utilizing wet hessian or burlap. © 1989, Thomas Telford Ltd. All rights reserved.
Donnelly, IJ & Watterson, PA 1989, 'Ion-matrix Sheath Structure Around Cathodes Of Complex Shape', Journal Of Physics D-applied Physics, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 90-93.
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Franke, G & Schulte, J 1989, 'Quantum mechanics and the structure of noble-gas clusters', Zeitschrift für Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters, vol. 12, pp. 65-68.
Huang, M & Waldron, K 1989, 'An Efficient Rate Allocation Algorithm In Redundant Kinematic Chains', Journal Of Mechanisms Transmissions And Automation In Design-transactions Of The ASME, vol. 111, no. 4, pp. 545-554.
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Jay, CB 1989, 'Languages for monoidal categories', Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra, vol. 59, pp. 61-85.
KOK, YL, GALLAGHER, NC & ZIOLKOWSKI, RW 1989, 'DUAL SERIES SOLUTION TO THE SCATTERING OF PLANE-WAVES FROM A BINARY CONDUCTING GRATING', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 901-917.
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Kwan, PYK & Shannon, AG 1989, 'Objective tests and latent trait theories', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 457-467.
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After a discussion about objectivity in measurement, this paper describes some linear and logistic models for the implementation of latent trait theory. The aim is to consider those mathematical and educational issues pertinent to learning more about the topic and using those standardized tests which utilize the Rasch and similar models of assessment. © 1989 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Shaarawi, AM, Besieris, IM & Ziolkowski, RW 1989, 'Localized energy pulse trains launched from an open, semi-infinite, circular waveguide', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 805-813.
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A new decomposition of exact solutions to the scalar wave equation into bidirectional, backward and forward traveling plane waves is described. These elementary blocks constitute a natural basis for synthesizing Brittinghamlike solutions. Examples of such solutions, besides Brittingham's original modes, are Ziolkowski's electromagnetic directed energy pulse trains (EDEPTs) and Hillion's spinor modes. A common feature of these solutions is the incorporation of certain parameters that can be tuned in order to achieve slow energy decay patterns. The aforementioned decomposition is used first to solve an initial boundary-value problem involving an infinite waveguide. This is followed by considering a semi-infinite waveguide excited by a localized initial pulse whose shape is related directly to parameters similar to those arising in Ziolkowski's EDEPT solutions. The far fields outside the semi-infinite waveguide are computed using Kirchhoff's integral formula with a time-retarded Green's function. The resulting approximate solutions are causal, have finite energy, and exhibit a slow energy decay behavior.
Steffen, B, Jay, CB & Mendler, M 1989, 'Compositional characterisation of observable program properties'.
TIPPING, PG, LEONG, TW & HOLDSWORTH, SR 1989, 'GLOMERULAR TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF) PRODUCTION IN EXPERIMENTAL ANTI-GBM GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (GN)', KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1166-1166.
Uko, C & Gowripalan, N 1989, 'Strength properties of raffia bamboo', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 49-52.
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The results of tensile and bending tests carried out on specimens of raffia bamboo are presented. Raffia bamboo are natural materials commonly used for the construction of buildings and household furniture in South Eastern Nigeria. The test results show that the material is capable of attaining an ultimate tensile strength of about 150 N/mm2 and a modulus of elasticity in tension of about 24 kN/mm2. These strength properties compare favourably with those of most natural timber species and also some oriented polymers used in fibre reinforced concrete. © 1989.
Vigneswaran, S & Chang, JS 1989, 'Experimental testing of mathematical models describing the entire cycle of filtration', Water Research, vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 1413-1421.
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Two mathematical models developed based on different concepts to describe the entire cycle of filtration were tested with experimental results. The concept of Model I is based on the detachment of deposited particles. The degree of detachment was assumed proportional to the hydraulic gradient and number of particles already retained on the filter grain. Model II is based on the concept that there exists a maximum limit on particle deposition on the filter grain. It was found that Model I, based on the detachment assumption, can simulate better than Model II does. This may be an experimental proof for the concept of detachment which is now agreed by most of the researchers. The ultimate specific deposit was estimated experimentally for different filtration velocities to give a qualitative justification on the applicability range of the proposed models. © 1989.
Vigneswaran, S & Mora, JC 1989, 'Energy recovery considerations for membrane separation process', RERIC International Energy Journal, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-15.
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This paper gives an overview of different membrane processes like reverse osmosis ultrafiltration with direct and indirect energy recovery systems. The feasibility of using direct and indirect energy recovery in each membrane process and a few examples are presented. The importance of cogeneration technology and pervaporation, and principles and examples are also introduced.
Vigneswaran, S, Muttamara, S & Srianandakumar, K 1989, 'Low waste technologies in selected industries', ENVIRON. SANIT. REV., no. 27, pp. 1-86.
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Expectations of increasingly higher living standards along with rapid industrial developments have resulted in a dramatic rise in the level of pollution of the natural environment. At the same time it is generally accepted that a healthy life requires good quality environment and hence the control of pollution. Today, environmental scientists are in the process of combining all these three aspects (industrialization, clean environment and healthy life) based on the principle of using low and non-waste technology. The philosophy behind this is 'to produce better while polluting less'. In practice, this technology and its application go by many names such as low and non-waste technology (LNWT), clean technology, pollution prevention, waste reduction, waste recycling, resource utilization, etc. The basic goal of LNWT is to eliminate the by-product formation that is discarded as waste. The objectives of LNWT are therefore to avoid inefficiencies in production which result in excess of waste and to recover the useful components of the waste in such a way that they can either be reused or recycled to minimize the emission of pollutants to the environment. LNWT alleviates disposal costs, liability risk and resource cost.
Vigneswaran, S, Muttamara, S, Srianandakumar, K & Ben Aim, R 1989, 'Low waste technologies in selected industries', Environmental Sanitation Reviews, no. 27.
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The paper examines the need for low and non-waste technology. The methods to achieve low-waste technology are given. Selected unit operations are discussed for suspended solids removal and dissolved solids removal. The applications in selected industries include: pulp and paper mill industry; tapioca starch industry; palm oil refinery wastewater treatment; food industry; textile industry; electroplating industry; distillery industry.
Visvanathan, C, Aim, RB & Vigneswaran, S 1989, 'Application of cross-flow electro-microfiltration in chromium wastewater treatment', Desalination, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 265-276.
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Cross-flow microfiltration (CFMF) was experimentally studied for the separation of precipitates of chromium hydroxide. Although this process enables one to obtain chromium-free filtrate, a disadvantage is that the filtration flux declines rapidly due to membrane fouling. In order to avoid this fouling problem and increase the filtration flux, an electric field was applied across the membrane as an antifouling technique (cross-flow electro-microfiltration-CFEMF). The surface charges of the precipitates were modified by adding a dispersant. The experimental results indicate that this modified process of CFEMF is highly effective in reducing the membrane fouling, which eventually leads to a remarkable filtration flux increase. The application of this antifouling technique of CFEMF is cited only for the suspensions containing charged particles and colloids. Nevertheless, the process of modification of surface charge with a dispersant permits us to use this technique with a wide variety of suspensions. © 1989.
Waldron, KJ, Raghavan, M & Roth, B 1989, 'Kinematics of a hybrid series-parallel manipulation system', Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control, Transactions of the ASME, vol. 111, no. 2, pp. 211-221.
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In this paper we first derive the coordinate transformations associated with a threedegree-of-freedom in-parallel-actuated micro-manipulator. Then we combine these results with the transformations associated with an in-series three-axis wrist on which the in-parallel micro-manipulator is mounted. The results are the basic transformation equations between joint-space position variables and end-effector (or task space) position variables for a hybrid series/parallel six-degree-of-freedom manipulator system. This structural combination results in a manipulator which exhibits desirable fine and gross motion characteristics as both a stand-alone device or as a sub-system of a more complex system with redundant degrees of freedom. The forward and inverse position kinematics and rate and force decomposition for this hybrid six-degree-of-freedom linkage are presented. © 1989 ASME.
Watterson, PA 1989, 'Child-langmuir sheath structure around wedge-shaped cathodes', Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1300-1307.
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The steady state Child-Langmuir sheath around a wedge-shaped cathode immersed in a plasma is calculated numerically. The ions drawn from the plasma may be employed to sputter material from the cathode, or may implant into the cathode, depending upon the magnitude of the applied negative voltage. The ion impact rate onto the cathode reaches 2.2 times higher near a square edge and 3.6 times higher near a knife edge than the rate for planar surfaces of the cathode. However, for a knife edge the rate falls to zero at the edge. All the ions strike the cathode with the same kinetic energy, but the angle of impact is nonperpendicular near the edge, which could reduce the implantation depth and increase sputtering. © 1989 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Ying, M 1989, 'On A Class Of Non-Causal Triangle Functions', Mathematical Proceedings Of The Cambridge Philos..., vol. 106, no. NA, pp. 467-469.
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Ying, M 1989, 'On Epsilon-Fuzzy Sets', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 123-129.
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Young, W & Hadgraft, R 1989, 'Knowledge based systems in civil engineering', Civil Engineering Systems, vol. 6, no. 1-2, pp. 3-4.
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ZIOLKOWSKI, RW 1989, 'LOCALIZED TRANSMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 2005-2033.
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Ziolkowski, RW 1989, 'Localized transmission of wave energy', Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 1061, pp. 395-402.
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Exact solutions of the scalar wave and Maxwell’s equations that describe localized transmission of wave energy and their representations will be reviewed briefly. These acoustic (ADEPT) and electromagnetic (EDEPT) directed energy pulse train solutions can be optimized so that they are localized near the direction of propagation and their original amplitude is recovered out to extremely large distances from their initial location. Pulses with these very desirable localized transmission characteristics have a number of potential applications in the areas of directed energy weapons, secure communications, and remote sensing. The feasibility of launching an ADEPT from an array of acoustic transducers has been tested experimentally. As will shown, excellent agreement between theoretical and experimental results was obtained. © 1989 SPIE.
Ziolkowski, RW, Lewis, DK & Cook, BD 1989, 'Evidence of Localized Wave Transmission', Physical Review Letters, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 147-150.
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The feasibility of launching an acoustic directed energy pulse train was tested experimentally. Excellent agreement between theoretical and experimental results was obtained. © 1989 The American Physical Society.
Ziolkowski, RW, Shaarawi, AM & Besieris, IM 1989, 'A space-time representation of a massive, relativistic, spin zero particle', Nuclear Physics B (Proceedings Supplements), vol. 6, no. C, pp. 255-258.
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Novel solutions of the wave and the Klein-Gordon equations are discussed. In contrast to conventional plane wave representations, these classical macro-photons and macro-particles are constructed from basis functions that are more localized in space-time. These solutions can be designed to give directed, localized transmission of energy. They also exhibit properties which may reconcile contemporary ideas of photon localization and causality. © 1989.
BALL, JE, OLOUGHLIN, GG & COUNCIL, AWR 1989, 'APPROPRIATE MODELS FOR URBAN STORM-SEWER SYSTEMS', WATERCOMP 89, pp. 131-135.
Bird, TS & Hay, SG 1989, 'Dielectric loaded horn feed arrays for reflectors in shaped beam applications', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest), pp. 933-936.
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With satellite applications in mind, the authors have analyzed an array of dielectric loaded horns. They outline some of the methods used and present preliminary results, including a shaped beam for an AUSSAT satellite. Reflection and mutual coupling, dielectric loss, and radiation are considered. The horn analysis software was used to design a shaped beam to cover New Zealand from the AUSSAT geostationary positions of 156°E and 160°E. An optimized transmit beam at 12.5 GHz, obtained with a 1.5-m offset parabolic reflector and a seven-element feed array, is shown.
Braun, RM 1989, 'Multi-dimensional median filtering for processing network and spectrum analyzer information', pp. 85-89.
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The author describes the use of median filtering to enhance the readability of the trace information of such instruments as network analyzers and spectrum analyzers. A class of mildly recursive median filters (MRMFs) is described, and application to a spectrum analyzer is demonstrated. The results show that a 41% improvement in Gaussian noise, using an MRMF with a window size of three samples, is possible. The MRMF turns out to have considerably better performance for very small window sizes than nonrecursive MFs.
HADGRAFT, RG & WIGAN, MR 1989, 'A POSSIBLE PROTOTYPE FOR A NEW AUSTRALIAN RAINFALL AND RUNOFF', HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES SYMPOSIUM 1989 : COMPARISONS IN AUSTRAL HYDROLOGY, 18TH SYMP ON HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES : COMPARISONS IN AUSTRAL HYDROLOGY ( PREPRINTS ), INST ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA, UNIV CANTERBURY, CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND, pp. 481-482.
HADGRAFT, RG & WIGAN, MR 1989, 'ASSESSMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE CODIFICATION AND DELIVERY OF ENGINEERING EXPERIENCE', WATERCOMP 89, 1ST AUSTRALASIAN CONF ON TECHNICAL COMPUTING IN THE WATER INDUSTRY ( PREPRINTS ), INST ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 160-164.
HADGRAFT, RG & WIGAN, MR 1989, 'TOWARDS EFFECTIVE FIELD SUPPORT AND RETRAINING FOR ENGINEERS WHO USE AUSTRALIAN RAINFALL AND RUNOFF', HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES SYMPOSIUM 1989 : COMPARISONS IN AUSTRAL HYDROLOGY, 18TH SYMP ON HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES : COMPARISONS IN AUSTRAL HYDROLOGY ( PREPRINTS ), INST ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA, UNIV CANTERBURY, CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND, pp. 468-472.
Hong, G & Collings, N 1989, 'Design of diesel smoke feedback control using a combination of PI control algorithm and performance optimization', SAE Technical Papers.
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A novel smoke sensor was used to realize smoke feedback control on a diesel engine. The controller design based on a combination of PI control algorithm and the engine performance optimization is described. Experimental results demonstrate how this control system behave to meet both of the speed and smoke requirements during engine transients.
Hong, G & Collings, N 1989, 'Engine modelling for diesel smoke feedback control system design', SAE Technical Papers.
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A novel smoke sensor was used to measure the smoke response to the fuel rack on a diesel engine. The conventional modelling methods used for engine control were investigated. The synchronization technique and Recursive Least Square method were applied to engine modelling and two models for controller design were derived.