Aim, RB, Liu, M & Vigneswaran, S 1993, 'Recent Development Of Membrane Processes For Water And Waste-water Treatment', Water Science And Technology, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 141-149.
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Membranes are presently used at industrial scale for water and waste water treatment, but still for limited production. More knowledge of hydrodynamic phenomena has recently resulted in significant technical improvements (backflush, unsteady flow). Howev
Ball, J.E. 1993, 'Review of Urban Stormwater Hydrology by A. Osman Akan', Hydrological Sciences Journal, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 571-572.
BAWEJA, D, ROPER, H & SIRIVIVATNANON, V 1993, 'RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ANODIC POLARIZATION AND CORROSION OF STEEL IN CONCRETE', CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1418-1430.
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Bird, TS 1993, 'Going Strong After 50 Years: Antenna R&D at the CSIRO Division of Radiophysics', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 39-48.
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BOLAN, NS, HEDLEY, MJ & LOGANATHAN, P 1993, 'PREPARATION, FORMS AND PROPERTIES OF CONTROLLED-RELEASE PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS', FERTILIZER RESEARCH, vol. 35, no. 1-2, pp. 13-24.
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Burnett, IS & Holbeche, RJ 1993, 'A mixed prototype waveform/CELP coder for sub 3kb/s', IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoust., Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 2, pp. 175-178.
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Cao, HT, Bucea, L & Sirivivatnanon, V 1993, 'Corrosion rates of steel embedded in cement pastes', Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1273-1282.
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Dynamic polarization techniques were used to estimate the corrosion rates of steel embedded in cement paste made with different binder systems. A corrosion model is proposed. The corrosion rates were determined by employing the Evans diagrams constructed from cathodic polarization curve of steel embedded in chloride free cement paste and anodic polarization curve of steel embedded in cement pastes containing chloride. Within the limitations of the adopted experimental conditions and sample configuration, the preliminary results indicate that corrosion rates of steel embedded in blended cement pastes generally fall within the range shown by steel embedded in portland cement pastes. © 1993.
Chiemchaisri, C, Yamamoto, K & Vigneswaran, S 1993, 'Household Membrane Bioreactor In Domestic Waste-water Treatment', Water Science And Technology, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 171-178.
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The activated sludge process coupled with hollow fiber membrane for solid-liquid separation was applied to treat low strength domestic wastewater. Pilot-scale experimental unit use in this study consisted of 2 modules of 0.03 mum pore size with 9 m2 surf
DAJANI, I, MORSE, EC & ZIOLKOWSKI, RW 1993, 'WEAKLY NONLINEAR GEOMETRICAL-OPTICS IN PLASMAS', PHYSICA D, vol. 64, no. 1-3, pp. 237-250.
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DONNELLY, R & ZIOLKOWSKI, RW 1993, 'DESIGNING LOCALIZED WAVES', PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES, vol. 440, no. 1910, pp. 541-565.
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Dovey, K & Dovey, KA 1993, 'Organisational Form and People Development: The Team as a Vehicle for Developing the Individual-in-Community', British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 124-132.
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It is argued that all social action serves specific power interests and that the organisational form of social agencies is strongly influenced by the theoretical assumptions and practical aims of those who establish them. The paper presents the case of radical humanism, as an appropriate theory of social action within social democracies in the late-twentieth century, and argues that the team is a highly effective form of social organisation which leads to the establishment of an organisational culture compatible with radical humanist principles. © 1993, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
EADY, EA, JONES, CE, TIPPER, JL, COVE, JH, CUNLIFFE, WJ & LAYTON, AM 1993, 'ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT PROPIONIBACTERIA IN ACNE - NEED FOR POLICIES TO MODIFY ANTIBIOTIC USAGE', BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, vol. 306, no. 6877, pp. 555-556.
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EADY, EA, ROSS, JI, TIPPER, JL, WALTERS, CE, COVE, JH & NOBLE, WC 1993, 'DISTRIBUTION OF GENES ENCODING ERYTHROMYCIN RIBOSOMAL METHYLASES AND AN ERYTHROMYCIN EFFLUX PUMP IN EPIDEMIOLOGICALLY DISTINCT GROUPS OF STAPHYLOCOCCI', JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 211-217.
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Guang-Quan, Z 1993, 'Convergence of a sequence of fuzzy number-valued fuzzy measurable functions on the fuzzy number-valued fuzzy measure space', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 75-84.
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In this paper, some new concepts - convergences of a sequence of fuzzy number-valued fuzzy measurable functions on the fuzzy set - are introduced, and the relations between these convergences are discussed. On the fuzzy number-valued fuzzy measure space, Riesz's theorem, Egoroff's theorem and Lebesgue's theorem are proved. © 1993.
Guang-quan, Z 1993, 'The convergence for a sequence of fuzzy integrals of fuzzy number-valued functions on the fuzzy set', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 43-57.
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In this paper, a new concept of fuzzy number-valued fuzzy integral of fuzzy number-valued function with respect to fuzzy number-valued fuzzy measure on the fuzzy set is introduced, and some equivalent definitions of the above-mentioned concept are given, and its elementary properties are discussed, and a series of the convergent theorems of fuzzy number-valued fuzzy integrals on the fuzzy set are obtained. © 1993.
Guo, YJ & Barton, SK 1993, 'Fresnel Zone Plate Reflector Incorporating Rings', IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 417-419.
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A novel high-efficiency Fresnel zone plate reflector antenna is presented. The reflector consists of an inhomogeneous array of circular conducting rings printed on a grounded substrate. By adjusting the geometrical parameters of the rings and the distances between them, the reflector provides a space-varying phase correction required for focusing an incoming plane wave. Compared with a phase reversal zone plate, an average of 3-dB gain improvement and significant sidelobe reduction have been obtained. © 1993 IEEE
Guo, YJ & Barton, SK 1993, 'Multilayer phase correcting fresnel zone plate reflector antennas', International Journal of Satellite Communications, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 75-80.
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Owing to its flat nature and light weight etc., the Fresnel zone plate antenna is becoming very attractive for such applications as DBS reception and receive‐only VSAT. The disadvantages of low efficiency and high sidelobes of the simple and the phase reversing zone plates can be improved by using phase correcting techniques. In this paper, a systematic investigation on the efficiency and sidelobe performance of subzone phase correcting zone plate antennas is presented. The design of a form of multilayer phase correcting zone plate reflector is described. A quarter‐wave zone plate reflector constructed with three dielectric layers and metallized rings is reported, with measured peak efficiency of 55 per cent. Copyright © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guo, YJ & Barton, SK 1993, 'On the subzone phase correction of fresnel zone plate antennas', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 6, no. 15, pp. 840-843.
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Subzone phase correction is a practical technique to produce high‐efficiency Fresnel zone plate antennas. In this article a strict theory underlying the technique is presented. A closed‐form expression of the focal field for the subzone phase correcting Fresnel zone plate (FZP) illuminated by a plane wave is given first. The subzone division and the corresponding phase correction are then optimized to produce the maximum focal field intensity. To overcome the difficulty of placing many subzone phase shifters in the narrow outer full‐wave zones, an aperiodic subzone phase correction technique is proposed. Copyright © 1993 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company
Hadgraft, R 1993, 'A Problem-based Approach to a Civil Engineering Education', European Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 301-311.
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Problem-based learning (PBL) is seen as a way of developing a rounded engineer, one who excels not only in technical accomplishments, but also in communication, teamwork, leadership, innovation and initiative. PBL develops all these skills through a process of problem solving in a resource-rich environment explored by teams of students. This paper shows how a PBL approach can be applied in the development of a new civil engineering course. It does this on a broad scale (looking at the sequence of subjects required in the degree), and on a smaller scale, to show how individual subjects could be implemented. © 1993, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Hong, G & Gostelow, JP 1993, 'Effect of pressure gradient on turbulent spots', Journal of Thermal Science, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 205-212.
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Turbulent spots were generated artificially to simulate natural spots in the transitional boundary layer. The spots at the final stage under zero and adverse pressure gradients were measured using conventional hotwire anemometry technique. Ensemble averages of the velocity traces were calculated and velocity profiles through the spots and the surrounding region were plotted. The spots are represented by the ensemble average of the velocity perturbations. The integral boundary layer properties are derived and compared through the spots. The effect of the pressure gradient on the turbulent spots is analysed with the structure of the spots and the 'calmed region' following the spots. The information acquired from spot measurement should improve the understanding of the physical properties of the turbulence spots and therefore the modelling of the transitional boundary layer. © 1992 Science Press.
Irving, AD, Dewson, T, Hong, G & Day, B 1993, 'Time series analysis of test cell field data', Building and Environment, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 167-173.
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Response factors of physical processes offer an accurate way to characterize the performance of building components. In this work a new methodology for estimating response factors; this methodology is based on time series analysis techniques. In this work a new time series method of estimating the response factor values is applied to data collected from a passive solar test cell. The response factors of the test cell to the radiation component of the energy budget during the day time and the night time were estimated. From these response factors the night time long wave loss, the day time short-wave gain at the external and internal surface of the north wall of the test cell are evaluated and discussed. Specific short periods of data were selected so that values at the meteorological extremes could be estimated. These values help the designer to identify the appropriate range of performance characteristics of the building under study. The effects of infiltration rate on the estimated long wave loss and short-wave gain are also presented and discussed. This work is part of a broader study that is examining aspects of response factor estimation and its application to the performance assessment in the building environment. © 1993.
Jay, CB 1993, 'Tail recursion through universal invariants', Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 115, pp. 151-189.
Kelly, PJ, Nguyen, T, Hopper, J, Pocock, N, Sambrook, P & Eisman, J 1993, 'Changes in axial bone density with age: a twin study.', Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 11-17.
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Bone mineral density in adult life, which is an important determinant of fracture risk, is determined by peak adult bone density, achieved in early adulthood and subsequent rates of change during adult life. Cross-sectional twin and family studies indicate that the majority of population variation in bone density may be explained by genetic factors. Although there is evidence for a genetic effect on peak bone mass, it is unknown whether there is a genetic effect on rates of changes in bone density with age. Changes in lumbar spine and femoral neck bone density determined by dual-photon absorptiometry (Lunar DP3) were examined in a cohort of monozygotic (MZ, n = 21, 3 male and 18 female pairs, median age, range, 46; 24-75 years) and dizygotic twins (DZ, n = 19; 43, 25-65 years). The median follow-up was 3 years (range 1.1-5.5 years), with each subject having at least two and up to four bone density assessments. In these twins, genetic factors determine variation in rates of change (% change/year) in lumbar spine bone density, rMZ = 0.93 and rDZ = 0.51, p < 0.02 (one tailed), and Ward's triangle, rMZ = 0.60, rDZ = 0.11, p < 0.05 (one tailed). Model-fitting analysis was also consistent with a genetic effect on rates of change in bone density at the trochanteric site, although such an effect was not shown at the femoral neck. These data demonstrate, for the first time, the possible existence of genetic determinants of rates of change in bone mineral density in adults.
Lal, S, Mihailidou, A, Cejnar, M, Henderson, BA, Jones, M & Hunyor, SN 1993, 'Continuous, Non-invasive Volume-clamp Blood pressure: Determinants Of Performance', Journal Of Hypertension, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 1413-1422.
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Objective To test a prototype hydraulic, non-invasive, continuous finger blood pressure monitor based on the volume-clamp principle for procedure-related factors likely to influence precision. Design The influence of these factors was determined by repe
LICHTENBERG, B, GALLAGHER, NC & ZIOLKOWSKI, RW 1993, 'CLOSED-FORM, LOCALIZED WAVE SOLUTIONS IN OPTICAL-FIBER WAVE-GUIDES - COMMENT', JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 2090-2091.
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Loganathan, P & Hedley, MJ 1993, 'Single superphosphate - reactive phosphate rock mixtures. 3. The use of concentration ratios of elements to identify the nature and amounts of unacidulated rock residues in the mixtures', Fertilizer Research, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 203-210.
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Water insoluble residues (WIR) of unreactive phosphate rocks in single superphosphate-reactive phosphate rock (SSP-RPR) mixtures are considered to reduce the agronomic value of these mixtures. A technique using concentration ratios of elements to identify the quantities of WIR of ground North Carolina (NC), ground Nauru and as received NC phosphate rocks in a SSP-RPR was developed. Of 22 elements tested P/Sr ratios were found to be the only element ratios that could be used to distinguish between WIR's derived from Nauru and NC. P/Sr ratios in Nauru and NC were markedly different and provided a useful index for differentiating between the two rocks. During acidulation the P/Sr concentration ratio remained essentially constant in the WIR's from both rocks. Using the element ratio technique the percentage of total P in the SSP-RPR sample was determined to be 60-61% water soluble, 5% water insoluble Nauru, 2% water insoluble ground NC and 32-33% water insoluble as received NC. The element ratio technique developed in this study can be applied to partially acidulated P fertilizers made with rocks other than NC and Nauru provided elements which satisfy the same conditions as Sr in this study can be found. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Miller, SC, Verink, J, Fujiwara, O & Vigneswaran, S 1993, 'Optimal-design Of A Flocculator', Water Research, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 513-519.
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An approach is presented for the least cost design of a flocculator with respect to flocculation time and velocity gradient, in order to obtain a desired effluent condition, which is measured using the negative slope of power law distribution function (β). The model proposed is a non-linear programming problem involving a non-linear constraint, which in turn comprises a verified simulation model. The case study demonstrates the existence of a relationship between design criterion and design parameters. It also shows that the optimal solution is sensitive to influent particle size distribution (PSD) and particle contact efficiency (α).
NGUYEN, T, SAMBROOK, P, KELLY, P, JONES, G, LORD, S, FREUND, J & EISMAN, J 1993, 'PREDICTION OF OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES BY POSTURAL INSTABILITY AND BONE-DENSITY', BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, vol. 307, no. 6912, pp. 1111-1115.
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PAN, LB, LIU, PC & BAKOSS, SL 1993, 'LONG-TERM SHORTENING OF CONCRETE COLUMNS IN TALL BUILDINGS', JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE, vol. 119, no. 7, pp. 2258-2262.
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Sambrook, P, Birmingham, J, Kelly, P, Kempler, S, Nguyen, T, Pocock, N & Eisman, J 1993, 'Prevention of corticosteroid bone loss.', Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, vol. 3 Suppl 1, pp. 141-143.
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Prolonged corticosteroid therapy is known to result in an increased risk of osteoporotic fracture, probably as a consequence of enhanced bone resorption and depressed bone formation. We examined the effects of prophylactic treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitonin) and nasal salmon calcitonin on corticosteroid-induced bone loss in 103 patients being treated with long-term corticosteroids for the first time in a randomized, double-masked prospective study. Patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups receiving either calcium supplementation alone, calcium plus calcitriol, or calcium plus calcitriol and nasal salmon calcitonin. Treatment was given for 12 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured every 4 months by dual-photon absorptiometry in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Calcium supplementation alone did not prevent bone loss at either site. In the lumbar spine calcitriol, with or without nasal calcitonin, significantly reduced bone loss (p < 0.0001). Neither calcitriol alone nor calcitriol with calcitonin prevented bone loss at the femoral neck. These data suggest that treatment with calcium and calcitriol, or with calcium and intranasal calcitonin, greatly reduced or prevented corticosteroid-induced bone loss in the lumbar spine.
SAMBROOK, P, BIRMINGHAM, J, KELLY, P, KEMPLER, S, NGUYEN, T, POCOCK, N & EISMAN, J 1993, 'PREVENTION OF CORTICOSTEROID OSTEOPOROSIS - A COMPARISON OF CALCIUM, CALCITRIOL, AND CALCITONIN', NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, vol. 328, no. 24, pp. 1747-1752.
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Schulte, J 1993, 'Thermal helium clusters at 3.2 Kelvin in classical and semiclassical simulations', Journal of Statistical Physics, vol. 70, no. 5/6, pp. 1343-1347.
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Schulte, J, Lucchese, RR & Marlow, WH 1993, 'Calculation of collisional energy transfer of thermal clusters', Zeitschrift für Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters, vol. 26, no. 1 Supplement, pp. 341-343.
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We have studied the energy transfer between Mo clusters and the rare-gas atoms Ne, Ar and Xe. We have chosen these systems as non-trivial models of the thermalization process of metal clusters in a background gas. The energy transfer and energy transfer rate for collisions of Mo clusters with rare gas atoms are computed as functions of relative collision energy (gas temperature) and reduced mass. The dynamics of gas phase Mo clusters are simulated by molecular dynamics trajectories whose initial conditions are sampled from a distribution appropriate to thermal collisions. The simulation shows that the energy transfer is sensitive to the collision mass, and strongly coupled to the actual interaction force, where evidence for multiple collision is shown. The energy transfer rate, however, is dominated by collision frequency, i.e., the reduced collision mass. © 1993 Springer-Verlag.
Schulte, J, Lucchese, RR & Marlow, WH 1993, 'The effects of collision mass and potential on the energy transfer in thermal collisions of gas phase clusters', The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 99, no. 2, pp. 1178-1184.
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We have studied the collisional energy transfer between molybdenum clusters and the rare-gas atoms Ne, Ar, and Xe. We have chosen these systems as nontrivial models of the thermalization process of metal clusters in a background gas. The mean energy transfer cross sections and energy transfer rate constants for collisions of molybdenum clusters (Mo5) with rare gas atoms are computed as functions of relative collision energy (gas temperature) and mass. The dynamics of gas phase molybdenum clusters are simulated by classical trajectories whose initial conditions are sampled from a distribution appropriate to thermal collisions. For the interaction of the molybdenum cluster atoms with the background gas, a Buckingham-type potential for unlike atoms was fitted to energies obtained using standard quantum chemistry techniques. The molybdenum cluster atoms interact among themselves by a Lennard-Jones potential. The simulation shows that the energy transfer rate constants are dominated by the characteristic collision velocity, i.e., within the domain of internal cluster temperature and background gas temperature investigated here, the mass and the interaction force do not change the energy transfer rate constants very much. The mean energy transfer cross sections, however, are coupled to the collision mass as well as to the actual interaction force. The coupling is nonlinear, and there is some evidence that in the energy transfer, for small clusters, complex collisions with more than one cluster atom are involved. © 1993 American Institute of Physics.
Turner, JC & Shannon, AG 1993, 'On an inhomogeneous, non-linear, second-order recurrence relation', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 324-327.
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Veitch, D 1993, 'The approach to constrained equations', Physics Letters A, vol. 183, pp. 319-326.
Voinov, AA & Zharova, NA 1993, 'HYDRO: simulation of hydrodynamics and water pollution', Environmental Software, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 209-218.
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A user-friendly package for simulations of wind-induced currents and dispersion of non-conservative pollutants in aquatic media is discussed. The hydrodynamics are modelled by a stationary shallow-water approximation of the Eckman type. The generated patterns of currents are fed into the 2-D advection-diffusion model to calculate the concentration fields of a pollutant coming with inflows or injected directly into the water body. The package runs on IBM compatible PCs with a mathcoprocessor being very desirable. The package is simple to learn. It may be useful for preliminary qualitative analysis of water pollution, as well as for education and demonstration purposes. © 1993 Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd.
Waite, TD, Amal, R, Ngo, H & Vigneswaran, S 1993, 'Effects Of Adsorbed Organic-matter On Size, Structure And Filterability Of Iron Oxyhydroxide Flocs', Water Science And Technology, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 133-142.
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The presence of organic matter may modify the nucleation and aggregation process of the oxide flocculants being used in water treatment processes. Such organic induced modifications in floc behaviour may necessitate a variation in treatment process. The effects of adsorbed fulvic acid, a naturally occurring organic acid, on the aggregation and filtration of hematite particles are investigated. Evidence is presented to show that the structure of the aggregates formed in the presence of fulvic acid depends on the aggregation kinetics and the amount of the fulvic acid. The presence of fulvic acid also greatly affects the filter efficiency due in part to the reversal of charge on the particles but also to the variables of particle size and structure. Since the filtration and the removal of these particles depends on their characteristic size, shape and chemical nature, the studies of the aggregation kinetics and the resulting structure of organic influenced particles are relevant to the removal of pollutants from surface waters (A).
WALKER, JS, ARROYO, JF, NGUYEN, T & DAY, RO 1993, 'ANALGESIC EFFICACY OF NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN EXPERIMENTAL PAIN IN HUMANS', BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 417-425.
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Wang, CH, Lloyd, AD, Wherrett, BS, Bone, DJ, Harvey, TG, Ryan, TG & Carter, N 1993, 'Electro-optic modulation using Fabry-Pérot etalons containing a poled crosslinked polymer', Optical Materials, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 95-99.
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Fabrication and characterisation of electro-optic Fabry-Pérot modulators containing a poled crosslinked polymer are described. Electro-optic modulation as large as 38% in reflection has been obtained with a low cavity finesse figure of 3.4 and a driving voltage of 88 V rms. The corresponding electro-optic coefficients r13 and r33 were measured at 633 nm to be 11 pm/V and 36 pm/V using angle-tuning of the Fabry-Pérot etalon. The thermo-optical coefficient of 1.0×10-4 K-1 of the polymer film was also measured. A lower-bound measure of the bandwidth of these devices was observed at a detection system limit of 1 MHz. © 1993.
Ying, M 1993, 'A New Approach For Fuzzy Topology .3.', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 193-207.
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The concepts of fuzzy continuity, product and quotient spaces are presented, and their fundamental properties are obtained in fuzzifying topology.
Ying, M 1993, 'Compactness In Fuzzifying Topology', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 79-92.
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We introduce the concept of compactness and establish a generalization of Tychonoff's theorem in the framework of fuzzifying topology.
Ying, M 1993, 'Fuzzifying Topology Based On Complete Residuated Lattice-Valued Logic .1.', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 337-373.
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We greatly extend fuzzifying topology by introducing a unary fuzzy predicate interpreted as the property to be fuzzifying topological spaces on the class of all so-called fuzzifying pretopological spaces and by adopting the semantic method of complete re
Ying, M 1993, 'Fuzzifying Uniform-Spaces', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 93-104.
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We introduce the concept of fuzzifying uniform spaces in the framework of fuzzifying topology and establish some fundamental properties of fuzzifying uniform spaces.
Zhang, H, Beard, GE, Sanagavarapu, AM & Belcher, R 1993, 'Rectangular Wave-guide With 2 Symmetrically Placed Double L-septa', Electronics Letters, vol. 29, no. 22, pp. 1956-1957.
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A rectangular waveguide with two symmetrically placed double L-septa is proposed. The numerical data on the cutoff and bandwidth characteristics of the dominant hybrid TE10 mode, which are obtained by the Ritz-Galerkin method, show that the proposed str
Zhou, JL & Banks, CJ 1993, 'Mechanism of humic acid colour removal from natural waters by fungal biomass biosorption', Chemosphere, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 607-620.
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Removal of humic acid (HA) colour from natural waters by biosorption on Rhizopus arrhizus was studied. Experimental results demonstrated the dependence of adsorption on solution characteristics such as pH, ionic strength, concentration of metal ions and temperature. The observed effects were attributed to the pH dependence of humic acid solubility and surface charge of humic acid and fungal biomass. The biosorptive capacity of fungal cellular fractions was compared with the finding that chitin/chitosan was the major active component of R. arrhizus for humic acid uptake and this was confirmed by experiments on the effects of culture age, growth medium composition and biomass pre-treatment with caustic solutions on fungal sorptive capacity. Desorption experiments showed nearly all of the sorbed humic acid could be eluted, suggesting that the fungal biosorbents can be reused. © 1993.
Zhu, J & Ramsden, VS 1993, '2-dimensional Measurement Of Magnetic-field And Core Loss Using A Square Specimen Tester', IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 2995-2997.
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To improve the precision of two dimensional magnetic field measurement in a single sheet square specimen core loss measuring system, a novel sandwich arrangement of magnetic field sensing coils is proposed. The losses are calculated from the measured mag
Zhu, J, Hui, SY & Ramsden, VS 1993, 'Discrete Modeling Of Magnetic Cores Including Hysteresis Eddy-current And Anomalous Losses', IEE Proceedings-a-science Measurement And Technology, vol. 140, no. 4, pp. 317-322.
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A discrete dynamic model of a magnetic core including hysteresis, eddy current and anomalous losses is proposed. It is suitable for thin laminations and features a simple formulation and fast calculation. The calculations and measurements of an annular r
ZIOLKOWSKI, RW 1993, 'PROPERTIES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC BEAMS GENERATED BY ULTRA-WIDE BANDWIDTH PULSE-DRIVEN ARRAYS - REPLY', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 520-522.
ZIOLKOWSKI, RW & JUDKINS, JB 1993, 'APPLICATIONS OF THE NONLINEAR FINITE-DIFFERENCE TIME-DOMAIN (NL-FDTD) METHOD TO PULSE-PROPAGATION IN NONLINEAR MEDIA - SELF-FOCUSING AND LINEAR-NONLINEAR INTERFACES', RADIO SCIENCE, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 901-911.
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Ziolkowski, RW & Judkins, JB 1993, 'Full-wave vector maxwell equation modeling of the self-focusing of ultrashort optical pulses in a nonlinear kerr medium exhibiting a finite response time', Journal of the Optical Society of America B: Optical Physics, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 186-198.
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The extension of the conventional finite-difference time-domain solution of the full vector Maxwell equations to modeling femtosecond optical-pulse propagation in a nonlinear Kerr medium that exhibits a finite response time is presented. Numerical results are given for nonlinear self-focusing in two space dimensions and time; the technique can be generalized to three space dimensions with adequate computer resources. Comparisons with previously reported and anticipated results are made. Several novel phenomena that are not observed with scalar models of self-focusing and that can be attributed only to the complete solution of the vector Maxwell equations are discussed. © 1993 Optical Society of America.
ZIOLKOWSKI, RW, BESIERIS, IM & SHAARAWI, AM 1993, 'APERTURE REALIZATIONS OF EXACT-SOLUTIONS TO HOMOGENEOUS-WAVE EQUATIONS', JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 75-87.
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Aubrey, T & White, P 1993, 'Comparison of switched pattern diversity antennas', IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, pp. 89-92.
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Switched pattern diversity reception is implemented by using antenna elements with different directional radiation patterns and switching the receiver to the element providing the best output. The use of pattern diversity can improve system performance. We simulate the performance of various ideal pattern diversity antennas. The results are compared with an ideal omni-directional antenna and with energy density antennas. Significant improvements are shown for diversity antennas in multi-path environments characterized by Rayleigh and Rician amplitude distributions.
BALL, JE 1993, 'MODELLING OF UNSTEADY FLOW THROUGH MANHOLES', PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON URBAN STORM DRAINAGE, VOLS 1 AND 2, pp. 116-121.
BALL, JE, BARMA, D & AUSTR, IE 1993, 'MODELING FLOOD WAVE MOVEMENT WITH A MODIFIED STRELKOFF SCHEME', HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES SYMPOSIUM - TOWARDS THE 21ST CENTURY, pp. 179-184.
BALL, JE, WHITE, MJ, INNES, GD, CHEN, L & AUSTR, IE 1993, 'APPLICATION OF HSPF ON THE UPPER NEPEAN CATCHMENT', HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES SYMPOSIUM - TOWARDS THE 21ST CENTURY, pp. 343-348.
Batchelor, RA, Archer, JW, Bird, TS, Giugni, S, Kot, JS, Nikolic, N, Ostry, DI, Percival, TM & Young, AC 1993, 'Australian activities in microwave links for wireless LANs', IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, pp. 677-680.
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The evolution of wireless connectivity will need to keep pace with the decrease in size of portable computers and the increase in available computing power. Relatively low bitrate systems are now commonly available, and faster, second-generation systems are under development. In Australia, a program centred at the CSIRO Division of Radiophysics aims to develop third-generation wireless systems with capacities of order 100 Mbits per second in a cell. This paper discusses some of the issues relating to the design of millimetre-wave antennas and transceiver MMICs for operation at frequencies near the 60 GHz ISM band.
BAWEJA, D, ROPER, H, GUIRGUIS, S & SIRIVIVATNANON, V 1993, 'MEASUREMENT OF CORROSION OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT UNDER HIGH CHLORIDE CONDITIONS', FLY ASH, SILICA FUME, SLAG, AND NATURAL POZZOLANS IN CONCRETE, VOLS 1 AND 2, pp. 1543-1563.
BROOKES, W & INDULSKA, J 1993, 'AN ODP-BASED APPROACH TO OVERCOMING HETEROGENEITY IN WIDE AREA NETWORKS', IEEE SINGAPORE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKS/INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION ENGINEERING '93 - THEME: COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS FOR THE YEAR 2000, VOLS 1 AND 2, IEEE Singapore International Conference on Networks/International Conference on Information Engineering 93 - Communications and Networks for the Year 2000, I E E E, SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE, pp. 680-684.
Chung, WY & Waldron, KJ 1993, 'Force distribution by optimizing friction angles for multifinger system', Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 717-722.
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An efficient way of finding the force distribution by optimizing the contact friction angles, which are the angles between the contact forces and contact normals, for multi-finger grasping systems was developed. Three steps, projection, residual wrench equilibrium, and optimization, are proposed to solve the force distribution problem. Examples are presented to show how the proposed method works. The results are also compared to those obtained by using Lagrange multipliers. Furthermore, the proposed method shows sufficient efficiency to be used for real-time control applications.
Chung, WY & Waldron, KJ 1993, 'Integrated control strategy for multifingered systems', American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Dynamic Systems and Control Division (Publication) DSC, pp. 263-270.
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A method of force allocation by optimizing the friction angles at finger contacts was combined with the computed torque method to find the torques to be commanded at finger joints for multifingered systems. In this way, slip can be avoided when the object is grasped or manipulated. The proposed method can be efficiently used to find the input torques, and is applicable for real-time application. A history-based method is also proposed to improve the smoothness of the input torque commands. Three dimensional simulation results are given.
DAY, RO, NGUYEN, T & WILLIAMS, KM 1993, 'TENOXICAM DOSE CONCENTRATION RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP IN RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS (RA)', CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC, pp. 152-152.
EAGER, DM, WILLIAMSON, HM, LAI, JCS & HARRAP, MJ 1993, 'A PRELIMINARY NOISE STUDY OF AN EXPANDED-METAL PRESS', INTER-NOISE 93 - PEOPLE VERSUS NOISE, VOLS 1-3, pp. 1429-1432.
Gostelow, JP, Hong, G, Melwani, N & Walker, GJ 1993, 'Turbulent spot development under a moderate adverse pressure gradient', ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition, GT 1993.
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Copyright © 1993 by ASME. Triggered turbulent spots are under investigation in a wind tunnel. A turbulent spot was initiated in a flat plate boundary layer under a moderate adverse pressure gradient. The spot was traversed at four streamwise locations using conventional hotwire anemometry techniques. A triggering jet provided a phase reference for data sampling. Phase-averaged velocity traces, boundary layer integral properties and contours of velocity perturbation and disturbance level are presented. The central region resembles a zero pressure gradient spot but much of the span is dominated by the different behavioral stages of a stongly-amplified wave packet. The celerities of the spot leading and trailing edges under an adverse pressure gradient are significantly lower than those associated with zero pressure gradient spots but the lateral spreading rate is much higher. This combination of turbulent spot and wave packet, which spreads at an included angle as high as 60° is quite different from the well-documented zero pressure gradient spot spreading at an included angle of about 20°. Improvements in transition region predictions are therefore dependent on further detailed measurements of spots and wave packets under adverse pressure gradients.
Guo, Y & Yang, J 1993, 'Application of Sinusoidal Windings in Synchronous Machines', Proceedings of Hubei Electrotechnical Society Annual Meeting (Hubei Dianguo Jishu Xiehui Nianhui), Hubei Electrotechnical Society, Yichang, China, pp. 1-6.
GUO, YJ & BARTON, SK 1992, 'HIGH-EFFICIENCY ZONE-PLATE REFLECTOR INCORPORATING PRINTED RESONATORS', EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, PTS 1 AND 2, 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, INST ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, HERIOT WATT UNIV, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND, pp. 620-622.
Hadgraft, R, Kendall, M & Lau, A 1993, 'New software, new solutions', National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia, pp. 265-270.
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Much existing engineering software has been written in Fortran (or similar third generation programming languages such as C and Pascal), and much new software is based on these types of tools. While it is true that many (perhaps most) engineers are never required to write substantial computer programs, many will have a need to develop occasional, specific solutions to problems that they face. We need to make ourselves as productive as possible, and using traditional programming tools is not the way to solve these problems. This paper surveys a growing body of end user oriented development tools, and shows, by example, how they can be applied in development of engineering software. These tools are characterised by offering inherent user friendliness in a windowed environment, providing the user with menus, dialog boxes and graphical output. They have the added advantage that they can be combined within an environment such as Microsoft Windows to create a workbench of tools which work in a similar way. When combined with the hypertext help built into Windows, we can provide ourselves and our colleagues with applications with considerable in-built help and tutorial assistance.
HOWARD, G, KELLY, P, MORRISON, N, TOKITA, A, WATANABE, T, SAMBROOK, P, NGUYEN, T & EISMAN, J 1993, 'FUNCTIONAL-SIGNIFICANCE OF VITAMIN-D RECEPTOR ALLELES - RESPONSE OF BONE TURNOVER INDEXES TO CALCITRIOL STIMULATION', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC, pp. S134-S134.
Hunyor, S.N., Cejnar, M., Lal, S., Chalam, R., Henderson, R., Hart, M. & Jones, M. 1992, 'Continuous finger volume clamp tracks blood pressure reliably', Annual Sclentlfic Meeting of the Cardlac Soclety of Australla and New Zealand, Wiley, Melbourne, Victoria, pp. 101-101.
KRUNZ, M, HUGHES, H & YEGANI, P 1993, 'CONGESTION CONTROL IN ATM NETWORKS USING MULTIPLE BUFFERS AND PRIORITY MECHANISMS', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1993 SUMMER COMPUTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, 25th Annual Summer Computer Simulation Conference, SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION INT, BOSTON, MA, pp. 566-571.
Lin, CT & Lee, CSG 1993, 'Reinforcement structure/parameter learning for neural-network-based fuzzy logic control systems', 1993 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, pp. 88-93.
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This paper proposes a Reinforcement Neural-Network-Based Fuzzy Logic Control System (RNN-FLCS) for solving various reinforcement learning problems. The proposed RNN-FLCS is best applied to learning environments where obtaining exact training data is expensive. It is constructed by integrating two Neural-Network-Based Fuzzy Logic Controllers (NN-FLCs), each of which is a connectionist model with a feedforward multi-layered network developed for the realization of a fuzzy logic controller. One NN-FLC functions as a fuzzy predictor and the other as a fuzzy controller. Using the temporal difference prediction method, the fuzzy predictor can predict the external reinforcement signal and provide a more informative internal reinforcement signal to the fuzzy controller. The fuzzy controller performs a stochastic exploratory algorithm to adapt itself according to the internal reinforcement signal. During the learning process, the proposed RNN-FLCS can construct a fuzzy logic control system automatically and dynamically through a reward-penalty signal or through very simple fuzzy information feedback; both structure learning and parameter learning are performed simultaneously in the two NN-FLCs using the fuzzy similarity measure. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance and applicability of the proposed RNN-FLCS.
Lister, R 1993, 'Annealing networks and fractal landscapes', 1993 IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 257-262.
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The conventional explanation for the poor scaling of Hopfield and Tank networks is that they have difficulty in balancing the trade-off between the path length and the legality components of the energy function. We first describe an experiment which suggests that the conventional explanation is either wrong, or at best incomplete. We propose an alternative explanation: these networks might scale better if their dynamics effectively implemented a 'divide-and-conquer' strategy. That is, if they recursively decomposed the problem into smaller independent subproblems. We believe this proposition applies to both discrete and analog networks. We support our proposition by describing our work on finding low cost solutions for traveling salesman problems. We then consider the implications for two other optimization problems: graph bisection and coloring.
Lister, R 1993, 'Annealing networks and fractal landscapes', IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks - Conference Proceedings, pp. 257-262.
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©1993 IEEE. The conventional explanation for the poor scaling of Hopfield and Tank networks is that they have difficulty in balancing the trade-off between the path length and the legality components of the energy function. We first describe an experiment which suggests that the conventional explanation is either wrong, or at best incomplete. We propose an alternative explanation: these networks might scale better if their dynamics effectively implemented a "divide-and-conquer" strategy. That is, if they recursively decomposed the problem into smaller independent sub-problems. An annealing network can do so if the energy landscape has a self-similar "quasi-fractal" structure. We believe this proposition applies to both discrete and analog networks. We support our proposition by describing our work on finding low cost solutions for traveling salesman problems. We then consider the implications for two other optimization problems: graph bisection and coloring.
Lister, R 1993, 'Visualizing weight dynamics in the N-2-N encoder', IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks - Conference Proceedings, pp. 684-689.
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© 1993 IEEE. Kruglyak proved that sets of weights exist so that Multi-Layer Perceptrons can solve arbitrarily large N-2-N encoder problems. We extend Kruglyak's static geometric construction to give a way of visualizing weights dynamics during learning. This visualization provides insight as to why Back Propagation has difficulty in finding suitable N-2-N encoder weights for N>8. We believe this new insight has general consequences, relating to the danger of utilizing intermediate activity values in hidden units, and difficulties with finding solutions for tightly constrained (but not necessarily large) problems.
Lister, R, Bakker, P & Wiles, J 1993, 'Error signals, exceptions, and back propagation', Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 573-576.
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We introduce a new error function for Back Propagation. The function is designed for binary decision problems in which there are a large number of regular training patterns and a small number of exceptional patterns. We identify three factors that cause the standard quadratic error function to be poorly suited to such problems. We also show that existing alternative error functions, such as Cross Entropy and Quickprop's error function, do not address all three factors. The principal novelty of our error function is that, as the discrepancy between an output unit's target value and its actual value approaches extreme values, the associated error signal approaches infinity. Simulation results show that this error function learns the N-2-N encoder, a classic exception task, faster and more reliably than the above error functions.
NGUYEN, TV, KELLY, PJ, SAMBROOK, PN, GILBERT, C, POCOCK, NA & EISMAN, JA 1993, 'INTERACTION OF LIFE-STYLE FACTORS AND BONE-DENSITY IN THE ELDERLY - IMPLICATIONS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS PREVENTION', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC, pp. S356-S356.
PEDDIE, AJ, BALL, JE & AUSTR, IE 1993, 'REAL-TIME FLOOD FORECASTING FOR THE UPPER PARRAMATTA RIVER', HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES SYMPOSIUM - TOWARDS THE 21ST CENTURY, pp. 405-410.
QI, JC, MORRISON, NA, KELLY, PJ, CROFTS, L, NGUYEN, TV, SAMBROOK, PN, TOKITA, A & EISMAN, JA 1993, 'VITAMIN-D RECEPTOR ALLELES AND PREDICTION OF BONE-MINERAL DENSITY', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC, pp. S131-S131.
TUAN, HD 1993, 'LOCAL-CONTROLLABILITY PROBLEMS FOR IMPLICIT DISCRETE INCLUSIONS WITH STATE CONSTRAINTS', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 32ND IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-4, 32nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, I E E E, SAN ANTONIO, TX, pp. 3317-3318.
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Veitch, D 1993, 'Novel models of broadband traffic', Global Telecommunications Conference, 1993, including a Communications Theory Mini-Conference. Technical Program Conference Record, IEEE in Houston. GLOBECOM’93., IEEE, IEEE, pp. 1057-1061.
ZHU, JG, HUI, SYR & RAMSDEN, VS 1993, 'A DYNAMIC EQUIVALENT-CIRCUIT MODEL FOR SOLID MAGNETIC CORES', PESC 93 RECORD - 24TH ANNUAL IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, 24th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, I E E E, UNIV WASHINGTON, COLL ENGN, SEATTLE, WA, pp. 1111-1115.
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ZIOLKOWSKI, RW 1992, 'ULTRA-WIDE BANDWIDTH, MULTI-DERIVATIVE ELECTROMAGNETIC SYSTEMS', ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS, 2nd WRI International Conference on Ultra-Wideband Short-Pulse Electromagnetics, PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP, POLYTECH UNIV, BROOKLYN, NY, pp. 251-258.