Aim, RB, Liu, M & Vigneswaran, S 1993, 'Recent Development Of Membrane Processes For Water And Waste-water Treatment', Water Science And Technology, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 141-149.
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Membranes are presently used at industrial scale for water and waste water treatment, but still for limited production. More knowledge of hydrodynamic phenomena has recently resulted in significant technical improvements (backflush, unsteady flow). Howev
Ball, JE 1993, 'Review of Urban Stormwater Hydrology by A. Osman Akan', Hydrological Sciences Journal, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 571-572.
BAWEJA, D, ROPER, H & SIRIVIVATNANON, V 1993, 'RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ANODIC POLARIZATION AND CORROSION OF STEEL IN CONCRETE', CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1418-1430.
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Bird, TS 1993, 'Going Strong After 50 Years: Antenna R&D at the CSIRO Division of Radiophysics', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 39-48.
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Bolan, NS, Hedley, MJ & Loganathan, P 1993, 'Preparation, forms and properties of controlled-release phosphate fertilizers', Fertilizer Research, vol. 35, no. 1-2, pp. 13-24.
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Controlled-release phosphate fertilizers include phosphate rocks (PRs) for direct application, partially acidulated phosphate rocks (PAPRs) and thermal phosphates. Phosphate rocks contain apatite as the main P containing mineral, the composition and the chemical nature of which vary between PRs. Based on the solubility in chemical extractants PRs are broadly grouped into 'reactive' and 'unreactive'. The 'reactivity' of PRs is influenced strongly by the extent of carbonate substitution for phosphate in the apatite minerals. Under certain soil and climatic conditions reactive PRs (RPRs) can be used as a source of P for direct application. Partially acidulated phosphate rocks (PAPRs) are produced either by direct partial acidulation of PRs with mineral acids or by mixing PRs with fully acidulated superphosphate reaction mixtures. Partial acidulation of PRs with H3PO4 generally results in higher water soluble P contents than those acidulated with H2SO4. Mixing of RPRs with superphosphate reaction mixtures sometimes results in the preferential consumption of free acid and thereby increases the amounts of residual unreacted PRs. Thermal phosphates are produced by either heating PRs below melting point both in the presence and the absence of silica (calcined phosphates) or heating PRs with silica above melting point (fused phosphate). These phosphates are alkaline in nature and hence suitable for acidic soils. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Burnett, IS & Holbeche, RJ 1993, 'A mixed prototype waveform/CELP coder for sub 3kb/s', IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoust., Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 2, pp. 175-178.
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Cao, HT, Bucea, L & Sirivivatnanon, V 1993, 'Corrosion rates of steel embedded in cement pastes', Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1273-1282.
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Dynamic polarization techniques were used to estimate the corrosion rates of steel embedded in cement paste made with different binder systems. A corrosion model is proposed. The corrosion rates were determined by employing the Evans diagrams constructed from cathodic polarization curve of steel embedded in chloride free cement paste and anodic polarization curve of steel embedded in cement pastes containing chloride. Within the limitations of the adopted experimental conditions and sample configuration, the preliminary results indicate that corrosion rates of steel embedded in blended cement pastes generally fall within the range shown by steel embedded in portland cement pastes. © 1993.
Catchpoole, DR & Stewart, BW 1993, 'Etoposide-induced Cytotoxicity in Two Human T-Cell Leukemic Lines: Delayed Loss of Membrane Permeability rather than DNA Fragmentation as an Indicator of Programmed Cell Death', Cancer Research, vol. 53, no. 18, pp. 4287-4296.
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Features of the apoptotic response evident in glucocorticoid-treated thymocytes are not uniformly observed in cell lines exposed to anticancer drugs. The significance of such variation has been assessed by monitoring molecular and cellular processes induced by etoposide (VP-16) in the human lymphoblastoid T-cell lines CCRF-CEM (CEM) and MOLT-4 contrasted, where appropriate, with those induced by necrotizing injury. Cytotoxic concentrations of the drug were determined to be 5-100 μm on the basis of tetrazolium reduction assay. The two lines were equally sensitive to VP-16; no difference in concentration of drug which inhibited cell growth by 50% with respect to control (i.e., drug free) cultures was apparent irrespective of exposure times from 3-72 h. DNA strand breaks were evident in both populations within 3 h of exposure to VP-16. Morphological change, assessed microscopically, involving nuclear condensation and cell shrinkage was qualitatively and quantitatively similar in VP-16-treated CEM and MOLT-4 cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that the G2/M fraction of the randomly dividing MOLT-4 population was approximately one-third that of CEM cells, but each line exhibited a decrease in this fraction 3-6 h after treatment Despite these similarities, marked differences in the response to VP-16 were evident in the two populations. Internucleosomal fragmentation, detected electrophoretically 3 h after treatment in DNA isolated from CEM cells, was not detected under any condition in MOLT-4 DNA Apoptotic bodies, also evident within 3 h of VP-16 treatment of CEM cells, were not readily apparent in MOLT-4 cells under the same conditions. Treatment causing necrosis resulted in trypan blue uptake within 1 h in a similar high proportion of cells from both lines. Exposure to VP-16 resulted in such a loss of membrane integrity by 6 h in CEM cells, while change in this parameter occurred only after 24 h in the case of MOLT-4 cells. The findings indicate a wide scope of...
Chiemchaisri, C, Yamamoto, K & Vigneswaran, S 1993, 'Household Membrane Bioreactor In Domestic Waste-water Treatment', Water Science And Technology, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 171-178.
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The activated sludge process coupled with hollow fiber membrane for solid-liquid separation was applied to treat low strength domestic wastewater. Pilot-scale experimental unit use in this study consisted of 2 modules of 0.03 mum pore size with 9 m2 surf
DAJANI, I, MORSE, EC & ZIOLKOWSKI, RW 1993, 'WEAKLY NONLINEAR GEOMETRICAL-OPTICS IN PLASMAS', PHYSICA D, vol. 64, no. 1-3, pp. 237-250.
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DISSANAYAKE, M & PHANTHIEN, N 1993, 'NEAR MINIMUM-TIME POSITIONING OF A FLEXIBLE BEAM', ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK UND PHYSIK, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 755-768.
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DONNELLY, R & ZIOLKOWSKI, RW 1993, 'DESIGNING LOCALIZED WAVES', PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES, vol. 440, no. 1910, pp. 541-565.
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Dovey, K & Dovey, KA 1993, 'Organisational Form and People Development: The Team as a Vehicle for Developing the Individual-in-Community', British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 124-132.
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It is argued that all social action serves specific power interests and that the organisational form of social agencies is strongly influenced by the theoretical assumptions and practical aims of those who establish them. The paper presents the case of radical humanism, as an appropriate theory of social action within social democracies in the late-twentieth century, and argues that the team is a highly effective form of social organisation which leads to the establishment of an organisational culture compatible with radical humanist principles. © 1993, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
EADY, EA, JONES, CE, TIPPER, JL, COVE, JH, CUNLIFFE, WJ & LAYTON, AM 1993, 'ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT PROPIONIBACTERIA IN ACNE - NEED FOR POLICIES TO MODIFY ANTIBIOTIC USAGE', BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, vol. 306, no. 6877, pp. 555-556.
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EADY, EA, ROSS, JI, TIPPER, JL, WALTERS, CE, COVE, JH & NOBLE, WC 1993, 'DISTRIBUTION OF GENES ENCODING ERYTHROMYCIN RIBOSOMAL METHYLASES AND AN ERYTHROMYCIN EFFLUX PUMP IN EPIDEMIOLOGICALLY DISTINCT GROUPS OF STAPHYLOCOCCI', JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 211-217.
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Guo, YJ & Barton, SK 1993, 'Fresnel Zone Plate Reflector Incorporating Rings', IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 417-419.
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A novel high-efficiency Fresnel zone plate reflector antenna is presented. The reflector consists of an inhomogeneous array of circular conducting rings printed on a grounded substrate. By adjusting the geometrical parameters of the rings and the distances between them, the reflector provides a space-varying phase correction required for focusing an incoming plane wave. Compared with a phase reversal zone plate, an average of 3-dB gain improvement and significant sidelobe reduction have been obtained. © 1993 IEEE
Guo, YJ & Barton, SK 1993, 'Multilayer phase correcting fresnel zone plate reflector antennas', International Journal of Satellite Communications, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 75-80.
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Owing to its flat nature and light weight etc., the Fresnel zone plate antenna is becoming very attractive for such applications as DBS reception and receive‐only VSAT. The disadvantages of low efficiency and high sidelobes of the simple and the phase reversing zone plates can be improved by using phase correcting techniques. In this paper, a systematic investigation on the efficiency and sidelobe performance of subzone phase correcting zone plate antennas is presented. The design of a form of multilayer phase correcting zone plate reflector is described. A quarter‐wave zone plate reflector constructed with three dielectric layers and metallized rings is reported, with measured peak efficiency of 55 per cent. Copyright © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guo, YJ & Barton, SK 1993, 'On the subzone phase correction of fresnel zone plate antennas', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 6, no. 15, pp. 840-843.
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Subzone phase correction is a practical technique to produce high‐efficiency Fresnel zone plate antennas. In this article a strict theory underlying the technique is presented. A closed‐form expression of the focal field for the subzone phase correcting Fresnel zone plate (FZP) illuminated by a plane wave is given first. The subzone division and the corresponding phase correction are then optimized to produce the maximum focal field intensity. To overcome the difficulty of placing many subzone phase shifters in the narrow outer full‐wave zones, an aperiodic subzone phase correction technique is proposed. Copyright © 1993 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company
Hadgraft, R 1993, 'A Problem-based Approach to a Civil Engineering Education', European Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 301-311.
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Problem-based learning (PBL) is seen as a way of developing a rounded engineer, one who excels not only in technical accomplishments, but also in communication, teamwork, leadership, innovation and initiative. PBL develops all these skills through a process of problem solving in a resource-rich environment explored by teams of students. This paper shows how a PBL approach can be applied in the development of a new civil engineering course. It does this on a broad scale (looking at the sequence of subjects required in the degree), and on a smaller scale, to show how individual subjects could be implemented. © 1993, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Hong, G & Gostelow, JP 1993, 'Effect of pressure gradient on turbulent spots', Journal of Thermal Science, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 205-212.
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Turbulent spots were generated artificially to simulate natural spots in the transitional boundary layer. The spots at the final stage under zero and adverse pressure gradients were measured using conventional hotwire anemometry technique. Ensemble averages of the velocity traces were calculated and velocity profiles through the spots and the surrounding region were plotted. The spots are represented by the ensemble average of the velocity perturbations. The integral boundary layer properties are derived and compared through the spots. The effect of the pressure gradient on the turbulent spots is analysed with the structure of the spots and the 'calmed region' following the spots. The information acquired from spot measurement should improve the understanding of the physical properties of the turbulence spots and therefore the modelling of the transitional boundary layer. © 1992 Science Press.
Husain, M & Waldron, K 1993, 'Position Kinematics Of A 2-limbed Mixed Mechanism', Mechanism And Machine Theory, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 763-775.
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Comparatively little attention has been paid to the kinematic and static characteristics of mixed mechanisms which have combinations of the characteristics of fully serial and fully parallel mechanisms. Such actively coordinated mechanisms having combina
INDRARATNA, B 1993, 'EFFECT OF BOLTS ON FAILURE MODES NEAR TUNNEL OPENINGS IN SOFT ROCK', GEOTECHNIQUE, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 433-442.
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Indraratna, B & Balasubramaniam, AS 1993, 'Performance of test embankment constructed to failure on soft marine clay', Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 119, no. 8, pp. 1326-1329.
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INDRARATNA, B, WIJEWARDENA, LSS & BALASUBRAMANIAM, AS 1993, 'LARGE-SCALE TRIAXIAL TESTING OF GREYWACKE ROCKFILL', GEOTECHNIQUE, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 37-51.
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INDRARATNA, B, WIJWARDENA, LSS & BALASUBRAMANIAM, AS 1993, 'LARGE-SCALE TRIAXIAL TESTING OF GREYWACKE ROCKFILL (VOL 43, PG 37, 1993)', GEOTECHNIQUE, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 506-506.
Indraratna, BN & Chowdhury, RN 1993, 'Deformation characteristics and design aspects of coal ash structures', Geotechnical managment of waste and contamination, pp. 413-418.
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Collapse of large disposal dumps under heavy rainfall and resulting mudflows have raised environmental concerns in some countries. Detailed laboratory investigations have been carried out to evaluate the construction potential of a pozzolanic fly ash, with a view to minimising the problem of its disposal. The engineering properties of pozzolanic fly ash suggest its applicability in the construction of embankments, airfields and as foundation material. The paper also presents a simple method by which the critical height of disposal tips may be determined. -Authors
Irving, AD, Dewson, T, Hong, G & Day, B 1993, 'Time series analysis of test cell field data', Building and Environment, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 167-173.
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Response factors of physical processes offer an accurate way to characterize the performance of building components. In this work a new methodology for estimating response factors; this methodology is based on time series analysis techniques. In this work a new time series method of estimating the response factor values is applied to data collected from a passive solar test cell. The response factors of the test cell to the radiation component of the energy budget during the day time and the night time were estimated. From these response factors the night time long wave loss, the day time short-wave gain at the external and internal surface of the north wall of the test cell are evaluated and discussed. Specific short periods of data were selected so that values at the meteorological extremes could be estimated. These values help the designer to identify the appropriate range of performance characteristics of the building under study. The effects of infiltration rate on the estimated long wave loss and short-wave gain are also presented and discussed. This work is part of a broader study that is examining aspects of response factor estimation and its application to the performance assessment in the building environment. © 1993.
KELLY, PJ, NGUYEN, T, HOPPER, J, POCOCK, N, SAMBROOK, P & EISMAN, J 1993, 'CHANGES IN AXIAL BONE-DENSITY WITH AGE - A TWIN STUDY', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 11-17.
Lal, S, Mihailidou, A, Cejnar, M, Henderson, BA, Jones, M & Hunyor, SN 1993, 'Continuous, Non-invasive Volume-clamp Blood pressure: Determinants Of Performance', Journal Of Hypertension, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 1413-1422.
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Objective To test a prototype hydraulic, non-invasive, continuous finger blood pressure monitor based on the volume-clamp principle for procedure-related factors likely to influence precision. Design The influence of these factors was determined by repe
LICHTENBERG, B, GALLAGHER, NC & ZIOLKOWSKI, RW 1993, 'CLOSED-FORM, LOCALIZED WAVE SOLUTIONS IN OPTICAL-FIBER WAVE-GUIDES - COMMENT', JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 2090-2091.
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Loganathan, P & Hedley, MJ 1993, 'Single superphosphate - reactive phosphate rock mixtures. 3. The use of concentration ratios of elements to identify the nature and amounts of unacidulated rock residues in the mixtures', Fertilizer Research, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 203-210.
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Water insoluble residues (WIR) of unreactive phosphate rocks in single superphosphate-reactive phosphate rock (SSP-RPR) mixtures are considered to reduce the agronomic value of these mixtures. A technique using concentration ratios of elements to identify the quantities of WIR of ground North Carolina (NC), ground Nauru and as received NC phosphate rocks in a SSP-RPR was developed. Of 22 elements tested P/Sr ratios were found to be the only element ratios that could be used to distinguish between WIR's derived from Nauru and NC. P/Sr ratios in Nauru and NC were markedly different and provided a useful index for differentiating between the two rocks. During acidulation the P/Sr concentration ratio remained essentially constant in the WIR's from both rocks. Using the element ratio technique the percentage of total P in the SSP-RPR sample was determined to be 60-61% water soluble, 5% water insoluble Nauru, 2% water insoluble ground NC and 32-33% water insoluble as received NC. The element ratio technique developed in this study can be applied to partially acidulated P fertilizers made with rocks other than NC and Nauru provided elements which satisfy the same conditions as Sr in this study can be found. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
MAO, G, TSUJI, M & TAMAURA, Y 1993, 'SYNTHESIS AND CO2 ADSORPTION FEATURES OF A HYDROTALCITE-LIKE COMPOUND OF THE MG2+-AL3+-FE(CN)64- SYSTEM WITH HIGH LAYER-CHARGE DENSITY', CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 731-737.
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Miller, SC, Verink, J, Fujiwara, O & Vigneswaran, S 1993, 'Optimal-design Of A Flocculator', Water Research, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 513-519.
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An approach is presented for the least cost design of a flocculator with respect to flocculation time and velocity gradient, in order to obtain a desired effluent condition, which is measured using the negative slope of power law distribution function (β). The model proposed is a non-linear programming problem involving a non-linear constraint, which in turn comprises a verified simulation model. The case study demonstrates the existence of a relationship between design criterion and design parameters. It also shows that the optimal solution is sensitive to influent particle size distribution (PSD) and particle contact efficiency (α).
NGUYEN, T, SAMBROOK, P, KELLY, P, JONES, G, LORD, S, FREUND, J & EISMAN, J 1993, 'PREDICTION OF OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES BY POSTURAL INSTABILITY AND BONE-DENSITY', BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, vol. 307, no. 6912, pp. 1111-1115.
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Pan, LB, Liu, PC & Bakoss, SL 1993, 'Long-term shortening of concrete columns in tall buildings', Journal of Structural Engineering (United States), vol. 119, no. 7, pp. 2258-2262.
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The accurate estimation of the long-term shortening of the vertical members of tall concrete buildings is often an important issue in their design. Differences in the shortening of adjacent columns or between columns and the shear core can induce significant moments and shears in connecting floor slabs or beams. The effects of such differential vertical movements have to be carefully considered where adjacent vertical members are closely spaced, carry different loads, or have different cross sections. The total shortening of concrete columns consists of the sum of the instantaneous axial deformations and the deformations induced by creep and shrinkage. The paper describes a method for the prediction of the long-term axial deformations of reinforced concrete columns of tall buildings. The method is based on the incremental superposition procedure in which the stresses due to loads and creep and shrinkage are assumed to vary discretely at selected instants of time. Predicted values are shown to be in good agreement with column shortening measured in a tall building. © ASCE.
SAMBROOK, P, BIRMINGHAM, J, KELLY, P, KEMPLER, S, NGUYEN, T, POCOCK, N & EISMAN, J 1993, 'PREVENTION OF CORTICOSTEROID BONE LOSS', OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL, vol. 3, pp. S141-S143.
SAMBROOK, P, BIRMINGHAM, J, KELLY, P, KEMPLER, S, NGUYEN, T, POCOCK, N & EISMAN, J 1993, 'PREVENTION OF CORTICOSTEROID OSTEOPOROSIS - A COMPARISON OF CALCIUM, CALCITRIOL, AND CALCITONIN', NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, vol. 328, no. 24, pp. 1747-1752.
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Schulte, J 1993, 'Thermal helium clusters at 3.2 Kelvin in classical and semiclassical simulations', Journal of Statistical Physics, vol. 70, no. 5/6, pp. 1343-1347.
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Schulte, J, Lucchese, RR & Marlow, WH 1993, 'Calculation of collisional energy transfer of thermal clusters', Zeitschrift für Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters, vol. 26, no. 1 Supplement, pp. 341-343.
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We have studied the energy transfer between Mo clusters and the rare-gas atoms Ne, Ar and Xe. We have chosen these systems as non-trivial models of the thermalization process of metal clusters in a background gas. The energy transfer and energy transfer rate for collisions of Mo clusters with rare gas atoms are computed as functions of relative collision energy (gas temperature) and reduced mass. The dynamics of gas phase Mo clusters are simulated by molecular dynamics trajectories whose initial conditions are sampled from a distribution appropriate to thermal collisions. The simulation shows that the energy transfer is sensitive to the collision mass, and strongly coupled to the actual interaction force, where evidence for multiple collision is shown. The energy transfer rate, however, is dominated by collision frequency, i.e., the reduced collision mass. © 1993 Springer-Verlag.
SCHULTE, J, LUCCHESE, RR & MARLOW, WH 1993, 'THE EFFECTS OF COLLISION MASS AND POTENTIAL ON THE ENERGY-TRANSFER IN THERMAL COLLISIONS OF GAS-PHASE CLUSTERS', JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, vol. 99, no. 2, pp. 1178-1184.
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Sheng, D & Knutsson, S 1993, 'Sensitivity analysis of frost heave - a theoretical study', Frost in geotechnical engineering. Proc. 2nd symposium, Anchorage, 1993, pp. 3-16.
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A frost heave model based on quasi-steady state heat and water flow is presented. The model is verified against experimental results. The sensivity of computed frost heave is analyzed, which shows that, 1) the important factors affecting frost heave include overburden pressure, temperature gradient, unfrozen water content in frozen soil, and permeability of the soil; 2) increasing over-burden pressure prevents frost heave by elongating frozen fringe and increasing the space between lenses, and the effect of overburden pressure is not significant for clays; 3) decreasing temperature gradient prevents frost heave by increasing the thickness of frozen fringe and reducing ice lens thickness; 4) as the unfrozen water content increases, the computed heave first increases rapidly and then approaches a constant value at moderate and high unfrozen water content. -from Authors
SHENG, DC, AXELSSON, KB & KNUTSSON, S 1993, 'FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR CONVECTIVE HEAT DIFFUSION WITH PHASE-CHANGE', COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING, vol. 104, no. 1, pp. 19-30.
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Turner, JC & Shannon, AG 1993, 'On an inhomogeneous, non-linear, second-order recurrence relation', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 324-327.
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VASILAKOS, AV, PAXIMADIS, CT & MARITSAS, DG 1993, 'CONGESTION AVOIDANCE SCHEME FOR ISDN FRAME RELAY NETWORKS', COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 689-694.
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Veitch, D 1993, 'The approach to constrained equations', Physics Letters A, vol. 183, pp. 319-326.
Voinov, AA & Zharova, NA 1993, 'HYDRO: simulation of hydrodynamics and water pollution', Environmental Software, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 209-218.
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A user-friendly package for simulations of wind-induced currents and dispersion of non-conservative pollutants in aquatic media is discussed. The hydrodynamics are modelled by a stationary shallow-water approximation of the Eckman type. The generated patterns of currents are fed into the 2-D advection-diffusion model to calculate the concentration fields of a pollutant coming with inflows or injected directly into the water body. The package runs on IBM compatible PCs with a mathcoprocessor being very desirable. The package is simple to learn. It may be useful for preliminary qualitative analysis of water pollution, as well as for education and demonstration purposes. © 1993 Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd.
Waite, TD, Amal, R, Ngo, H & Vigneswaran, S 1993, 'Effects Of Adsorbed Organic-matter On Size, Structure And Filterability Of Iron Oxyhydroxide Flocs', Water Science And Technology, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 133-142.
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The presence of organic matter may modify the nucleation and aggregation process of the oxide flocculants being used in water treatment processes. Such organic induced modifications in floc behaviour may necessitate a variation in treatment process. The effects of adsorbed fulvic acid, a naturally occurring organic acid, on the aggregation and filtration of hematite particles are investigated. Evidence is presented to show that the structure of the aggregates formed in the presence of fulvic acid depends on the aggregation kinetics and the amount of the fulvic acid. The presence of fulvic acid also greatly affects the filter efficiency due in part to the reversal of charge on the particles but also to the variables of particle size and structure. Since the filtration and the removal of these particles depends on their characteristic size, shape and chemical nature, the studies of the aggregation kinetics and the resulting structure of organic influenced particles are relevant to the removal of pollutants from surface waters (A).
WALKER, JS, ARROYO, JF, NGUYEN, T & DAY, RO 1993, 'ANALGESIC EFFICACY OF NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN EXPERIMENTAL PAIN IN HUMANS', BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 417-425.
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Wang, CH, Lloyd, AD, Wherrett, BS, Bone, DJ, Harvey, TG, Ryan, TG & Carter, N 1993, 'Electro-optic modulation using Fabry-Pérot etalons containing a poled crosslinked polymer', Optical Materials, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 95-99.
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Fabrication and characterisation of electro-optic Fabry-Pérot modulators containing a poled crosslinked polymer are described. Electro-optic modulation as large as 38% in reflection has been obtained with a low cavity finesse figure of 3.4 and a driving voltage of 88 V rms. The corresponding electro-optic coefficients r13 and r33 were measured at 633 nm to be 11 pm/V and 36 pm/V using angle-tuning of the Fabry-Pérot etalon. The thermo-optical coefficient of 1.0×10-4 K-1 of the polymer film was also measured. A lower-bound measure of the bandwidth of these devices was observed at a detection system limit of 1 MHz. © 1993.
Ying, M 1993, 'A New Approach For Fuzzy Topology .3.', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 193-207.
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The concepts of fuzzy continuity, product and quotient spaces are presented, and their fundamental properties are obtained in fuzzifying topology.
Ying, M 1993, 'Compactness In Fuzzifying Topology', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 79-92.
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We introduce the concept of compactness and establish a generalization of Tychonoff's theorem in the framework of fuzzifying topology.
Ying, M 1993, 'Fuzzifying Topology Based On Complete Residuated Lattice-Valued Logic .1.', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 337-373.
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We greatly extend fuzzifying topology by introducing a unary fuzzy predicate interpreted as the property to be fuzzifying topological spaces on the class of all so-called fuzzifying pretopological spaces and by adopting the semantic method of complete re
Ying, M 1993, 'Fuzzifying Uniform-Spaces', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 93-104.
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We introduce the concept of fuzzifying uniform spaces in the framework of fuzzifying topology and establish some fundamental properties of fuzzifying uniform spaces.
ZHANG, GQ 1993, 'CONVERGENCE OF A SEQUENCE OF FUZZY NUMBER-VALUED FUZZY MEASURABLE FUNCTIONS ON THE FUZZY NUMBER-VALUED FUZZY MEASURE SPACE', FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 75-84.
ZHANG, GQ 1993, 'THE CONVERGENCE FOR A SEQUENCE OF FUZZY INTEGRALS OF FUZZY NUMBER-VALUED FUNCTIONS ON THE FUZZY SET', FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 43-57.
Zhang, H, Beard, GE, Sanagavarapu, AM & Belcher, R 1993, 'Rectangular Wave-guide With 2 Symmetrically Placed Double L-septa', Electronics Letters, vol. 29, no. 22, pp. 1956-1957.
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A rectangular waveguide with two symmetrically placed double L-septa is proposed. The numerical data on the cutoff and bandwidth characteristics of the dominant hybrid TE10 mode, which are obtained by the Ritz-Galerkin method, show that the proposed str
ZHOU, JL & BANKS, CJ 1993, 'MECHANISM OF HUMIC-ACID COLOR REMOVAL FROM NATURAL-WATERS BY FUNGAL BIOMASS BIOSORPTION', CHEMOSPHERE, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 607-620.
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Zhou, W 1993, 'The design and implementation of a distributed program monitor', The Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 63-77.
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One of the reasons that debugging distributed programs is much more difficult than sequential programs is the communication among processes. The ability to provide for communication events (as well as other events) as they happen during program execution is fundamental to any debugging tool. Most articles about distributed debugging and monitoring are message passing oriented. As the remote procedure call (RPC) method becomes more popular, the need to debug RPC-oriented programs increases. This article presents the design and prelimnary implementation of an RPC-oriented program monitor that can record all events of an RPC-oriented program's execution in the monitor's data base. Facilities are provided for programmers to define, choose, and combine events that will be recorded. Partial ordering among events is built after the program's execution. A user can use this relation to trace and replay the program's execution. The monitor has been tested on networks consisting of Apollo/Sun/Digital Equipment workstations. © 1993.
Zhu, J & Ramsden, VS 1993, '2-dimensional Measurement Of Magnetic-field And Core Loss Using A Square Specimen Tester', IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 2995-2997.
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To improve the precision of two dimensional magnetic field measurement in a single sheet square specimen core loss measuring system, a novel sandwich arrangement of magnetic field sensing coils is proposed. The losses are calculated from the measured mag
Zhu, J, Hui, SY & Ramsden, VS 1993, 'Discrete Modeling Of Magnetic Cores Including Hysteresis Eddy-current And Anomalous Losses', IEE Proceedings-a-science Measurement And Technology, vol. 140, no. 4, pp. 317-322.
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A discrete dynamic model of a magnetic core including hysteresis, eddy current and anomalous losses is proposed. It is suitable for thin laminations and features a simple formulation and fast calculation. The calculations and measurements of an annular r
ZIOLKOWSKI, RW 1993, 'PROPERTIES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC BEAMS GENERATED BY ULTRA-WIDE BANDWIDTH PULSE-DRIVEN ARRAYS - REPLY', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 520-522.
ZIOLKOWSKI, RW & JUDKINS, JB 1993, 'APPLICATIONS OF THE NONLINEAR FINITE-DIFFERENCE TIME-DOMAIN (NL-FDTD) METHOD TO PULSE-PROPAGATION IN NONLINEAR MEDIA - SELF-FOCUSING AND LINEAR-NONLINEAR INTERFACES', RADIO SCIENCE, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 901-911.
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ZIOLKOWSKI, RW & JUDKINS, JB 1993, 'FULL-WAVE VECTOR MAXWELL EQUATION MODELING OF THE SELF-FOCUSING OF ULTRASHORT OPTICAL PULSES IN A NONLINEAR KERR MEDIUM EXHIBITING A FINITE RESPONSE-TIME', JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 186-198.
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ZIOLKOWSKI, RW, BESIERIS, IM & SHAARAWI, AM 1993, 'APERTURE REALIZATIONS OF EXACT-SOLUTIONS TO HOMOGENEOUS-WAVE EQUATIONS', JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 75-87.
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Aubrey, T & White, P 1993, 'Comparison of switched pattern diversity antennas', IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, pp. 89-92.
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Switched pattern diversity reception is implemented by using antenna elements with different directional radiation patterns and switching the receiver to the element providing the best output. The use of pattern diversity can improve system performance. We simulate the performance of various ideal pattern diversity antennas. The results are compared with an ideal omni-directional antenna and with energy density antennas. Significant improvements are shown for diversity antennas in multi-path environments characterized by Rayleigh and Rician amplitude distributions.
BALL, JE 1993, 'MODELLING OF UNSTEADY FLOW THROUGH MANHOLES', PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON URBAN STORM DRAINAGE, VOLS 1 AND 2, 6th International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage, SEAPOINT PUBLISHING, NIAGARA FALLS, CANADA, pp. 116-121.
BALL, JE & BARMA, D 1993, 'MODELING FLOOD WAVE MOVEMENT WITH A MODIFIED STRELKOFF SCHEME', HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES SYMPOSIUM - TOWARDS THE 21ST CENTURY, Engineering for Hydrology and Water Resources Conference 1993: Looking Towards the 21st-Century, INST ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA, NEWCASTLE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 179-184.
BALL, JE, WHITE, MJ, INNES, GD & CHEN, L 1993, 'APPLICATION OF HSPF ON THE UPPER NEPEAN CATCHMENT', HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES SYMPOSIUM - TOWARDS THE 21ST CENTURY, Engineering for Hydrology and Water Resources Conference 1993: Looking Towards the 21st-Century, INST ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA, NEWCASTLE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 343-348.
Batchelor, RA, Archer, JW, Bird, TS, Giugni, S, Kot, JS, Nikolic, N, Ostry, DI, Percival, TM & Young, AC 1993, 'Australian activities in microwave links for wireless LANs', IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, pp. 677-680.
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The evolution of wireless connectivity will need to keep pace with the decrease in size of portable computers and the increase in available computing power. Relatively low bitrate systems are now commonly available, and faster, second-generation systems are under development. In Australia, a program centred at the CSIRO Division of Radiophysics aims to develop third-generation wireless systems with capacities of order 100 Mbits per second in a cell. This paper discusses some of the issues relating to the design of millimetre-wave antennas and transceiver MMICs for operation at frequencies near the 60 GHz ISM band.
BAWEJA, D, ROPER, H, GUIRGUIS, S & SIRIVIVATNANON, V 1992, 'MEASUREMENT OF CORROSION OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT UNDER HIGH CHLORIDE CONDITIONS', FLY ASH, SILICA FUME, SLAG, AND NATURAL POZZOLANS IN CONCRETE, VOLS 1 AND 2, 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON FLY ASH, SILICA FUME, SLAG, AND NATURAL POZZOLANS IN CONCRETE, AMER CONCRETE INST, ISTANBUL, TURKEY, pp. 1543-1563.
Bone, D 1993, 'Adaptive color-printer modeling using regularized linear splines', Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, pp. 104-115.
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© 1993 SPIE. All rights reserved. The characterisation of a highly non-linear color print device can involve a large number of measurements of printed color output. If the measurement process is not automated this can be a significant fraction of the cost of developing a color model for a device. One way to limit the number of measurements required is to ensure that in any given region, only enough measurements are made to adequately characterise the local behaviour. With no prior knowledge of the behaviour, this requires an adaptive approach to the sampling. An adaptive sampling technique developed for this work, termed Model Accuracy Moderated Adaptive Sampling (MAMAS), is described. Simulation tests with and without measurement noise are presented and the results are compared to measurements using uniform regular sampling. The technique is also applied to a real printer, the Canon CLC500, for which some results are presented. The color model used for the print device is based on an interpolated look up table (ILUT). Because of the highly non-linear nature of the device being modeled a flexible technique is required to translate the irregular measurement samples into a regularly gridded model. A method based on a regularized linear spline was developed. Appropriate choice of the penalty function for the regularization can achieve a compromise between fitting the measured points and reducing the impact of measurement noise. A brief overview of the technique is presented.
BONE, D 1993, 'ADAPTIVE MULTIDIMENSIONAL INTERPOLATION USING REGULARIZED LINEAR SPLINES', NONLINEAR IMAGE PROCESSING IV, 4TH CONF ON NONLINEAR IMAGE PROCESSING, SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, SAN JOSE, CA, pp. 243-253.
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BROOKES, W & INDULSKA, J 1993, 'AN ODP-BASED APPROACH TO OVERCOMING HETEROGENEITY IN WIDE AREA NETWORKS', IEEE SINGAPORE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKS/INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION ENGINEERING '93 - THEME: COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS FOR THE YEAR 2000, VOLS 1 AND 2, IEEE Singapore International Conference on Networks/International Conference on Information Engineering 93 - Communications and Networks for the Year 2000, I E E E, SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE, pp. 680-684.
Chin, PC & Waldron, KJ 1993, 'Hybrid velocity/force control of manipulators using PID controller and feedforward compensation', Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Control Applications, pp. 403-408.
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An effort has been made to use PID control technique and feedforward compensation to control robotic manipulators under a combined task of velocity and force. This approach is based on the assumption that the task configuration is homogeneous. However, the proposed scheme is still applicable for a non-homogeneous task configuration with frictional forces being the only non-homogeneous constraints. The proposed controller will control a planar 3R manipulator in this work to demonstrate system responses and simulation results.
Chung, WY & Waldron, KJ 1993, 'Force distribution by optimizing friction angles for multifinger system', Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 717-722.
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An efficient way of finding the force distribution by optimizing the contact friction angles, which are the angles between the contact forces and contact normals, for multi-finger grasping systems was developed. Three steps, projection, residual wrench equilibrium, and optimization, are proposed to solve the force distribution problem. Examples are presented to show how the proposed method works. The results are also compared to those obtained by using Lagrange multipliers. Furthermore, the proposed method shows sufficient efficiency to be used for real-time control applications.
Chung, WY & Waldron, KJ 1993, 'Integrated control strategy for multifingered systems', American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Dynamic Systems and Control Division (Publication) DSC, pp. 263-270.
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A method of force allocation by optimizing the friction angles at finger contacts was combined with the computed torque method to find the torques to be commanded at finger joints for multifingered systems. In this way, slip can be avoided when the object is grasped or manipulated. The proposed method can be efficiently used to find the input torques, and is applicable for real-time application. A history-based method is also proposed to improve the smoothness of the input torque commands. Three dimensional simulation results are given.
Chung, WY, Waldron, KJ & Ishii, K 1993, 'Development and test of a dynamic disengagement device', SAE Technical Papers.
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Postcrash fires are a frequent cause of death in otherwise survivable automobile and aircraft accidents. The idea of the ICED (Internal Circuit Emergency Disconnect) battery [1] is to eliminate electrically ignited postcrash fires by means of an inertial interrupt device that will disconnect the active circuit at the battery if an accident should happen. The design of the prototypes that were tested and the analysis of the disengagement performance will be discussed. A ballistic pendulum impact test rig was designed and used to test the prototypes. The test results and analytical values were shown to be satisfactorily close to each other.Copyright © 1993 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
DAY, RO, NGUYEN, T & WILLIAMS, KM 1993, 'TENOXICAM DOSE CONCENTRATION RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP IN RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS (RA)', CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC, pp. 152-152.
EAGER, DM, WILLIAMSON, HM, LAI, JCS & HARRAP, MJ 1993, 'A PRELIMINARY NOISE STUDY OF AN EXPANDED-METAL PRESS', INTER-NOISE 93 - PEOPLE VERSUS NOISE, VOLS 1-3, 1993 International Congress on Noise Control Engineering (Inter-Noise 93) - People Versus Noise, KONINKLIJKE VLAAMSE INGENIEURS VERENIGING, LEUVEN, BELGIUM, pp. 1429-1432.
Fedaoui, L, Gay, V & Horlait, E 1993, 'QoS management of ODP-based distributed multimedia applications', Proceedings - ISADS 1993: International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems, pp. 239-245.
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© 1993 IEEE. The objective of this study is to try to answer the question of how to manage quality of service (QoS) in open-distributed processing (ODP)-based distributed multimedia applications. To reach this goal, an overview of the basic characteristics of distributed multimedia applications is given. Their QoS constraints are then specified in the ODP framework of abstraction. The role and the position of QoS management in ODP are shown by a joint editing sample.
Gostelow, JP, Hong, G, Melwani, N & Walker, GJ 1993, 'Turbulent spot development under a moderate adverse pressure gradient', ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition, GT 1993.
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Copyright © 1993 by ASME. Triggered turbulent spots are under investigation in a wind tunnel. A turbulent spot was initiated in a flat plate boundary layer under a moderate adverse pressure gradient. The spot was traversed at four streamwise locations using conventional hotwire anemometry techniques. A triggering jet provided a phase reference for data sampling. Phase-averaged velocity traces, boundary layer integral properties and contours of velocity perturbation and disturbance level are presented. The central region resembles a zero pressure gradient spot but much of the span is dominated by the different behavioral stages of a stongly-amplified wave packet. The celerities of the spot leading and trailing edges under an adverse pressure gradient are significantly lower than those associated with zero pressure gradient spots but the lateral spreading rate is much higher. This combination of turbulent spot and wave packet, which spreads at an included angle as high as 60° is quite different from the well-documented zero pressure gradient spot spreading at an included angle of about 20°. Improvements in transition region predictions are therefore dependent on further detailed measurements of spots and wave packets under adverse pressure gradients.
Guo, Y & Yang, J 1993, 'Application of Sinusoidal Windings in Synchronous Machines', Proceedings of Hubei Electrotechnical Society Annual Meeting (Hubei Dianguo Jishu Xiehui Nianhui), Hubei Electrotechnical Society, Yichang, China, pp. 1-6.
GUO, YJ & BARTON, SK 1992, 'HIGH-EFFICIENCY ZONE-PLATE REFLECTOR INCORPORATING PRINTED RESONATORS', EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, PTS 1 AND 2, 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, INST ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, HERIOT WATT UNIV, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND, pp. 620-622.
Hadgraft, R, Kendall, M & Lau, A 1993, 'New software, new solutions', National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia, pp. 265-270.
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Much existing engineering software has been written in Fortran (or similar third generation programming languages such as C and Pascal), and much new software is based on these types of tools. While it is true that many (perhaps most) engineers are never required to write substantial computer programs, many will have a need to develop occasional, specific solutions to problems that they face. We need to make ourselves as productive as possible, and using traditional programming tools is not the way to solve these problems. This paper surveys a growing body of end user oriented development tools, and shows, by example, how they can be applied in development of engineering software. These tools are characterised by offering inherent user friendliness in a windowed environment, providing the user with menus, dialog boxes and graphical output. They have the added advantage that they can be combined within an environment such as Microsoft Windows to create a workbench of tools which work in a similar way. When combined with the hypertext help built into Windows, we can provide ourselves and our colleagues with applications with considerable in-built help and tutorial assistance.
HOWARD, G, KELLY, P, MORRISON, N, TOKITA, A, WATANABE, T, SAMBROOK, P, NGUYEN, T & EISMAN, J 1993, 'FUNCTIONAL-SIGNIFICANCE OF VITAMIN-D RECEPTOR ALLELES - RESPONSE OF BONE TURNOVER INDEXES TO CALCITRIOL STIMULATION', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC, pp. S134-S134.
Hunyor, SN, Cejnar, M, Lal, S, Chalam, R, Henderson, R, Hart, M & Jones, M 1992, 'Continuous finger volume clamp tracks blood pressure reliably', Annual Sclentlfic Meeting of the Cardlac Soclety of Australla and New Zealand, Wiley, Melbourne, Victoria, pp. 101-101.
KRUNZ, M, HUGHES, H & YEGANI, P 1993, 'CONGESTION CONTROL IN ATM NETWORKS USING MULTIPLE BUFFERS AND PRIORITY MECHANISMS', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1993 SUMMER COMPUTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, 25th Annual Summer Computer Simulation Conference, SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION INT, BOSTON, MA, pp. 566-571.
Lin, CT & Lee, CSG 1993, 'Reinforcement structure/parameter learning for neural-network-based fuzzy logic control systems', 1993 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, pp. 88-93.
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This paper proposes a Reinforcement Neural-Network-Based Fuzzy Logic Control System (RNN-FLCS) for solving various reinforcement learning problems. The proposed RNN-FLCS is best applied to learning environments where obtaining exact training data is expensive. It is constructed by integrating two Neural-Network-Based Fuzzy Logic Controllers (NN-FLCs), each of which is a connectionist model with a feedforward multi-layered network developed for the realization of a fuzzy logic controller. One NN-FLC functions as a fuzzy predictor and the other as a fuzzy controller. Using the temporal difference prediction method, the fuzzy predictor can predict the external reinforcement signal and provide a more informative internal reinforcement signal to the fuzzy controller. The fuzzy controller performs a stochastic exploratory algorithm to adapt itself according to the internal reinforcement signal. During the learning process, the proposed RNN-FLCS can construct a fuzzy logic control system automatically and dynamically through a reward-penalty signal or through very simple fuzzy information feedback; both structure learning and parameter learning are performed simultaneously in the two NN-FLCs using the fuzzy similarity measure. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance and applicability of the proposed RNN-FLCS.
Lister, R 1993, 'Annealing networks and fractal landscapes', 1993 IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 257-262.
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The conventional explanation for the poor scaling of Hopfield and Tank networks is that they have difficulty in balancing the trade-off between the path length and the legality components of the energy function. We first describe an experiment which suggests that the conventional explanation is either wrong, or at best incomplete. We propose an alternative explanation: these networks might scale better if their dynamics effectively implemented a 'divide-and-conquer' strategy. That is, if they recursively decomposed the problem into smaller independent subproblems. We believe this proposition applies to both discrete and analog networks. We support our proposition by describing our work on finding low cost solutions for traveling salesman problems. We then consider the implications for two other optimization problems: graph bisection and coloring.
Lister, R 1993, 'Annealing networks and fractal landscapes', IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks - Conference Proceedings, pp. 257-262.
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©1993 IEEE. The conventional explanation for the poor scaling of Hopfield and Tank networks is that they have difficulty in balancing the trade-off between the path length and the legality components of the energy function. We first describe an experiment which suggests that the conventional explanation is either wrong, or at best incomplete. We propose an alternative explanation: these networks might scale better if their dynamics effectively implemented a "divide-and-conquer" strategy. That is, if they recursively decomposed the problem into smaller independent sub-problems. An annealing network can do so if the energy landscape has a self-similar "quasi-fractal" structure. We believe this proposition applies to both discrete and analog networks. We support our proposition by describing our work on finding low cost solutions for traveling salesman problems. We then consider the implications for two other optimization problems: graph bisection and coloring.
Lister, R 1993, 'Visualizing weight dynamics in the N-2-N encoder', IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks - Conference Proceedings, pp. 684-689.
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© 1993 IEEE. Kruglyak proved that sets of weights exist so that Multi-Layer Perceptrons can solve arbitrarily large N-2-N encoder problems. We extend Kruglyak's static geometric construction to give a way of visualizing weights dynamics during learning. This visualization provides insight as to why Back Propagation has difficulty in finding suitable N-2-N encoder weights for N>8. We believe this new insight has general consequences, relating to the danger of utilizing intermediate activity values in hidden units, and difficulties with finding solutions for tightly constrained (but not necessarily large) problems.
Lister, R, Bakker, P & Wiles, J 1993, 'Error signals, exceptions, and back propagation', Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 573-576.
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We introduce a new error function for Back Propagation. The function is designed for binary decision problems in which there are a large number of regular training patterns and a small number of exceptional patterns. We identify three factors that cause the standard quadratic error function to be poorly suited to such problems. We also show that existing alternative error functions, such as Cross Entropy and Quickprop's error function, do not address all three factors. The principal novelty of our error function is that, as the discrepancy between an output unit's target value and its actual value approaches extreme values, the associated error signal approaches infinity. Simulation results show that this error function learns the N-2-N encoder, a classic exception task, faster and more reliably than the above error functions.
LONG, C, COHEN, GL, LANGTRY, T & SHANNON, AG 1992, 'ARITHMETIC SEQUENCES AND 2ND-ORDER RECURRENCES', APPLICATIONS OF FIBONACCI NUMBERS, VOL 5, 5th International Conference on Fibonacci Numbers and Their Applications, KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, UNIV ST ANDREWS, ST. ANDREWS, SCOTLAND, pp. 449-457.
MAO, G, SUN, F & GRAINGER, DW 1993, 'SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ALKYLSILANE-BRANCHED POLYSILOXANES AND THEIR SELF-ASSEMBLING MONOLAYERS ON SILICON-WAFERS', ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, AMER CHEMICAL SOC, pp. 274-POLY.
MAO, G, TSAO, Y, TIRRELL, M, DAVIS, HT, HESSEL, V & RINGSDORF, H 1993, 'SELF-ASSEMBLY OF POLYMERIZABLE BOLAFORM AMPHIPHILE MULTILAYERS', ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, AMER CHEMICAL SOC, pp. 117-COLL.
NGUYEN, TV, KELLY, PJ, SAMBROOK, PN, GILBERT, C, POCOCK, NA & EISMAN, JA 1993, 'INTERACTION OF LIFE-STYLE FACTORS AND BONE-DENSITY IN THE ELDERLY - IMPLICATIONS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS PREVENTION', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC, pp. S356-S356.
PEDDIE, AJ & BALL, JE 1993, 'REAL-TIME FLOOD FORECASTING FOR THE UPPER PARRAMATTA RIVER', HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES SYMPOSIUM - TOWARDS THE 21ST CENTURY, Engineering for Hydrology and Water Resources Conference 1993: Looking Towards the 21st-Century, INST ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA, NEWCASTLE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 405-410.
Piccardi, M, De Stefano, L, Cucchiara, R & Cinotti, TS 1993, 'Processing of variable size images on a cellular array: Performance analysis with the Abingdon Cross Benchmark', Proceedings of the International Conference on Application-Specific Systems, Architectures and Processors, pp. 172-175.
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© 1993 IEEE. Handling a continuous flow of variable size images is a requirement for real time computer vision machines. A modular system based on a small size SIMD cellular array of 1-bit processing elements has been developed with this goal in mind and it is now evaluated against the Abingdon Cross Benchmark specifications. The benchmark tests the combination of algorithms and architecture and generates a quality factor expressed as the ratio of the image lateral size and the processing time. The examined machine supports an efficient means to automatically partition, process and reconstruct images larger than the array size. The authors briefly describe the system, discuss the selected algorithms and present performance results and estimates for several system configurations.
QI, JC, MORRISON, NA, KELLY, PJ, CROFTS, L, NGUYEN, TV, SAMBROOK, PN, TOKITA, A & EISMAN, JA 1993, 'VITAMIN-D RECEPTOR ALLELES AND PREDICTION OF BONE-MINERAL DENSITY', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC, pp. S131-S131.
Sandrasegaran, K, Cheung, W, Hossein, R, Zia, V & Malowany, A 1993, 'A computer-based learning environment for electronic fault diagnosis', Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, pp. 237-240.
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© 1993 IEEE. In this paper, we present the motivation, design and implementation of a real-time, interactive computer based learning environment for the task of electronic troubleshooting. The student is presented with an electric circuit which contains a fault and the student is required to diagnose the fault by interacting with the learning environment. The architecture consists of three elements: the simulator, the interface and the expert module. The simulator computes the behavior of the circuit under various configurations. The interface is used for communication between the learning environment and student. The Expert module is used to provides hints and evaluation of the student hypothesis.
Sreenivasan, SV, Waldron, KJ & Nordholt, JB 1993, 'Characterization of redundancy in spatial closed kinematic chains', Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences, pp. 52-59.
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© 1993, Springer Verlag. All Rights Reserved. The force allocation problem in closed kinematic chains is anderdetermined and the available degrees of freedom can be used to extremize a desired objective function. This generally leads to complicated nonlinear optimization problems. The solution of these problems can be greatly simplified if the redundancy is characterized in the simplest possible form. This paper gives strategies that lead to efficient algorithms to evaluate the null space of the linear set of force allocation equations. The approach exploits the geometry and physics in the problem rather than looking at numerical solutions. The general problem of n contact points of a kinematic chain in three dimensions is considered. Further, degenerate situations occurring due to the presence of several points along a line, or on a plane, are also addressed. Numerical examples are considered to illustrate the use of these algorithms.
Stuchly, MA & Esselle, KP 1993, 'Cylindrical model for magnetic field stimulation of neurons', Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, pp. 1295-1298.
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© 1993 IEEE. Pulses of a strong magnetic field are used to stimulate motor nerves in order to diagnose various neurological disorders. Analyses of induced electric fields in tissue are important in localizing and focusing the stimulation and in optimization of coils used to produce the magnetic field. A method of analysis and results of coil optimization are presented for a homogeneous cylindrical volume conductor representing an arm.
TUAN, HD 1993, 'LOCAL-CONTROLLABILITY PROBLEMS FOR IMPLICIT DISCRETE INCLUSIONS WITH STATE CONSTRAINTS', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 32ND IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-4, 32nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, I E E E, SAN ANTONIO, TX, pp. 3317-3318.
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Van De Groenendaal, JG & Braun, RM 1993, 'Rural communications in multi-path channels: Spread spectrum applications', Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, COMSIG 1993, pp. 167-172.
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© 1993 IEEE. All radio communications occur in channels that have definite multipath characteristics. Two effects that are predominant in such a model, depending on the delay relative to the bit period, are Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) and fading. In this paper ISI is investigated in greater detail and the theoretical error performance for BPSK in a multi-path channel is derived. It is also shown how spread spectrum improves the error performance of BPSK without a "rake" receiver in such an environment and the selection of parameters of spread spectrum to maximize error performance is briefly discussed.
Vasilakos, AV, Loukas, NH & Zikidis, KC 1993, 'A.N.A.S.A. II : A novel, real-valued, reinforcement algorithm for neural unit/network.', Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 1417-1419.
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In this paper we present ANASA II, a powerful algorithm for real-valued function learning, suitable for implementation as a neural network processing unit. The only information it receives from the environment, is a reinforcement, that is a number in [0,1], which indicates, in the general case stochastically, how close was the last output value to the desired one, for this particular input. The introduced innovation is that for the weight updating, apart from the current reinforcement, the algorithm also uses the last activation and reinforcement for this input, and the average of the last (e.g. 100) reinforcements. The output is a stochastic function of the inputs and the weights, with a changing variance. The learning rate is also changing. The algorithm converges surely and smoothly, an order of magnitude faster than the best known in the literature up to now, similar algorithm, SRV [3]. Our algorithm, ANASA II, is an improvement of the original scheme, ANASA [1].
VASILAKOS, AV, LOUKAS, NH & ZIKIDIS, KC 1993, 'ANASA-II - A NOVEL, REAL-VALUES, REINFORCEMENT ALGORITHM FOR NEURAL UNIT NETWORK - (ANASA STANDS FOR - ADAPTIVE NEURAL ALGORITHM OF STOCHASTIC ACTIVATION)', IJCNN '93-NAGOYA : PROCEEDINGS OF 1993 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-3, 1993 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 93-Nagoya), I E E E, NAGOYA, JAPAN, pp. 1417-1420.
Veitch, D 1993, 'Novel models of broadband traffic', Global Telecommunications Conference, 1993, including a Communications Theory Mini-Conference. Technical Program Conference Record, IEEE in Houston. GLOBECOM’93., IEEE, IEEE, pp. 1057-1061.
Venkataraman, SC & Waldron, KJ 1993, 'Performance improvement with active control of steering angles and wheel torques during a combined braking and steering maneuver', American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Dynamic Systems and Control Division (Publication) DSC, pp. 39-48.
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A four-wheel steered vehicle is considered in which the steering angles and the braking torques at the wheels are assumed to be actively actuated. The driver's steering and braking inputs are interpreted to yield commanded vehicle states during a combined braking and steering maneuver. The front and rear steering angles are coordinated to keep the body side-slip angle near zero. The braking forces are coordinated to equalize and hence minimize the force ratios at the inner and outer wheels while ensuring that they provide a net zero yaw moment. A control law based on a linearised vehicle model is developed which augments the steering and braking inputs to enhance handling performance.
Zhou, W 1993, 'Layered distributed program debugger', Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing, pp. 665-668.
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Debugging distributed programs is much more difficult than debugging sequential programs. One of the reasons is the communication among programs (processes) which may happen concurrently and nondeterministically. To be able to analyze such communication events is therefore an essential task for any distributed program debugger. This paper describes the design and preliminary implementation of a layered distributed program debugger. The debugger helps a user to locate bugs, to analyze a distributed program and to fix bugs.
ZHU, JG, HUI, SYR & RAMSDEN, VS 1993, 'A DYNAMIC EQUIVALENT-CIRCUIT MODEL FOR SOLID MAGNETIC CORES', PESC 93 RECORD - 24TH ANNUAL IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, 24th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, I E E E, UNIV WASHINGTON, COLL ENGN, SEATTLE, WA, pp. 1111-1115.
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ZIOLKOWSKI, RW 1992, 'ULTRA-WIDE BANDWIDTH, MULTI-DERIVATIVE ELECTROMAGNETIC SYSTEMS', ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS, 2nd WRI International Conference on Ultra-Wideband Short-Pulse Electromagnetics, PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP, POLYTECH UNIV, BROOKLYN, NY, pp. 251-258.