Alzer, H 1993, 'Sharp upper and lower bounds for the exponential function', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 315-327.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Ball, JE 1993, 'Review of Urban Stormwater Hydrology by A. Osman Akan', Hydrological Sciences Journal, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 571-572.
BAWEJA, D, ROPER, H & SIRIVIVATNANON, V 1993, 'RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ANODIC POLARIZATION AND CORROSION OF STEEL IN CONCRETE', CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1418-1430.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Ben Aim, R, Liu, MG & Vigneswaran, S 1993, 'Recent Development of Membrane Processes for Water and Waste Water Treatment', Water Science and Technology, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 141-149.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
Membranes are presently used at industrial scale for water and waste water treatment, but still for limited production. More knowledge of hydrodynamic phenomena has recently resulted in significant technical improvements (backflush, unsteady flow). However an experimental study performed at lab scale in a rotating membrane device has shown the complexity of the relationship between operating conditions, rejection and filtrate flux. The need for bettering the quality of the water (low turbidity) and waster water (disinfection) may be in favour of the development of membrane processes if efficient models allowing simultaneous optimization of quality and productivity are made available (as was done years ago for deep bed filtration).
BOLAN, NS, HEDLEY, MJ & LOGANATHAN, P 1993, 'PREPARATION, FORMS AND PROPERTIES OF CONTROLLED-RELEASE PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS', FERTILIZER RESEARCH, vol. 35, no. 1-2, pp. 13-24.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
Controlled-release phosphate fertilizers include phosphate rocks (PRs) for direct application, partially acidulated phosphate rocks (PAPRs) and thermal phosphates. Phosphate rocks contain apatite as the main P containing mineral, the composition and the chemical nature of which vary between PRs. Based on the solubility in chemical extractants PRs are broadly grouped into 'reactive' and 'unreactive'. The 'reactivity' of PRs is influenced strongly by the extent of carbonate substitution for phosphate in the apatite minerals. Under certain soil and climatic conditions reactive PRs (RPRs) can be used as a source of P for direct application. Partially acidulated phosphate rocks (PAPRs) are produced either by direct partial acidulation of PRs with mineral acids or by mixing PRs with fully acidulated superphosphate reaction mixtures. Partial acidulation of PRs with H3PO4 generally results in higher water soluble P contents than those acidulated with H2SO4. Mixing of RPRs with superphosphate reaction mixtures sometimes results in the preferential consumption of free acid and thereby increases the amounts of residual unreacted PRs. Thermal phosphates are produced by either heating PRs below melting point both in the presence and the absence of silica (calcined phosphates) or heating PRs with silica above melting point (fused phosphate). These phosphates are alkaline in nature and hence suitable for acidic soils. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Burnett, IS & Holbeche, RJ 1993, 'A mixed prototype waveform/CELP coder for sub 3 kbit/s', IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 2, pp. 175-178.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Cao, HT, Bucea, L & Sirivivatnanon, V 1993, 'Corrosion rates of steel embedded in cement pastes', Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1273-1282.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
Dynamic polarization techniques were used to estimate the corrosion rates of steel embedded in cement paste made with different binder systems. A corrosion model is proposed. The corrosion rates were determined by employing the Evans diagrams constructed from cathodic polarization curve of steel embedded in chloride free cement paste and anodic polarization curve of steel embedded in cement pastes containing chloride. Within the limitations of the adopted experimental conditions and sample configuration, the preliminary results indicate that corrosion rates of steel embedded in blended cement pastes generally fall within the range shown by steel embedded in portland cement pastes. © 1993.
Catchpoole, DR & Stewart, BW 1993, 'Etoposide-induced cytotoxicity in two human T-cell leukemic lines: delayed loss of membrane permeability rather than DNA fragmentation as an indicator of programmed cell death.', Cancer Res, vol. 53, no. 18, pp. 4287-4296.
View description>>
Features of the apoptotic response evident in glucocorticoid-treated thymocytes are not uniformly observed in cell lines exposed to anticancer drugs. The significance of such variation has been assessed by monitoring molecular and cellular processes induced by etoposide (VP-16) in the human lymphoblastoid T-cell lines CCRF-CEM (CEM) and MOLT-4 contrasted, where appropriate, with those induced by necrotizing injury. Cytotoxic concentrations of the drug were determined to be 5-100 microM on the basis of tetrazolium reduction assay. The two lines were equally sensitive to VP-16; no difference in concentration of drug which inhibited cell growth by 50% with respect to control (i.e., drug free) cultures was apparent irrespective of exposure times from 3-72 h. DNA strand breaks were evident in both populations within 3 h of exposure to VP-16. Morphological change, assessed microscopically, involving nuclear condensation and cell shrinkage was qualitatively and quantitatively similar in VP-16-treated CEM and MOLT-4 cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that the G2/M fraction of the randomly dividing MOLT-4 population was approximately one-third that of CEM cells, but each line exhibited a decrease in this fraction 3-6 h after treatment. Despite these similarities, marked differences in the response to VP-16 were evident in the two populations. Internucleosomal fragmentation, detected electrophoretically 3 h after treatment in DNA isolated from CEM cells, was not detected under any condition in MOLT-4 DNA. Apoptotic bodies, also evident within 3 h of VP-16 treatment of CEM cells, were not readily apparent in MOLT-4 cells under the same conditions. Treatment causing necrosis resulted in trypan blue uptake within 1 h in a similar high proportion of cells from both lines. Exposure to VP-16 resulted in such a loss of membrane integrity by 6 h in CEM cells, while change in this parameter occurred only after 24 h in the case of MOLT-4 cells. The findings indicate...
Chiemchaisri, C, Yamamoto, K & Vigneswaran, S 1993, 'Household Membrane Bioreactor in Domestic Wastewater Treatment', Water Science and Technology, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 171-178.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
The activated sludge process coupled with hollow fiber membrane for solid-liquid separation was applied to treat low strength domestic wastewater. Pilot-scale experimental unit used in this study consisted of 2 modules of 0.03 μm pore size with 9 m2 surface area each, immersed in the reactor which has a maximum working volume of 1.5 m3. Even when sewage was fed at varying rates following its diurnal flow variation to the bioreactor, good stability of the process was achieved which was shown by the consistency in treated water quality. The effluent turbidity and COD were well within the limits (less than 0.5 NTU and 3-5 mg/L). The transmembrane pressure drop was less than 20 cm Hg even after 2 months of operation. Application of jet aeration could be used to prolong the operational life of the membrane in the bioreactor. This system is an ideal one to be used as household wastewater treatment system.
Dharmappa, HB, Verink, J, Fujiwara, O & Vigneswaran, S 1993, 'Optimal design of a flocculator', Water Research, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 513-519.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
An approach is presented for the least cost design of a flocculator with respect to flocculation time and velocity gradient, in order to obtain a desired effluent condition, which is measured using the negative slope of power law distribution function (β). The model proposed is a non-linear programming problem involving a non-linear constraint, which in turn comprises a verified simulation model. The case study demonstrates the existence of a relationship between design criterion and design parameters. It also shows that the optimal solution is sensitive to influent particle size distribution (PSD) and particle contact efficiency (α).
Dovey, K 1993, 'Organisational Form and People Development: The Team as a Vehicle for Developing the Individual-in-Community', British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 124-132.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
It is argued that all social action serves specific power interests and that the organisational form of social agencies is strongly influenced by the theoretical assumptions and practical aims of those who establish them. The paper presents the case of radical humanism, as an appropriate theory of social action within social democracies in the late-twentieth century, and argues that the team is a highly effective form of social organisation which leads to the establishment of an organisational culture compatible with radical humanist principles. © 1993, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Eady, EA, Jones, CE, Tipper, JL, Cove, JH, Cunliffe, WJ & Layton, AM 1993, 'Antibiotic resistant propionibacteria in acne: need for policies to modify antibiotic usage.', BMJ, vol. 306, no. 6877, pp. 555-556.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Eady, EA, Ross, JI, Tipper, JL, Walters, CE, Cove, JH & Noble, WC 1993, 'Distribution of genes encoding erythromycin ribosomal methylases and an erythromycin efflux pump in epidemiologically distinct groups of staphylococci', Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 211-217.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
HADGRAFT, R 1993, 'Problem-based Approach to a Civil Engineering Education', European Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 301-311.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
Problem-based learning (PBL) is seen as a way of developing a rounded engineer, one who excels not only in technical accomplishments, but also in communication, teamwork, leadership, innovation and initiative. PBL develops all these skills through a process of problem solving in a resource-rich environment explored by teams of students. This paper shows how a PBL approach can be applied in the development of a new civil engineering course. It does this on a broad scale (looking at the sequence of subjects required in the degree), and on a smaller scale, to show how individual subjects could be implemented. © 1993, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Indraratna, B 1993, 'Effect of bolts on failure modes near tunnel openings in soft rock', Géotechnique, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 433-442.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
The Paper elucidates the potential failure modes around a circular tunnel opening subjected to a hydrostatic stress field. Physical models have been tested in the laboratory using a large cubical triaxial apparatus to investigate the effect of grouted bolts on failure mechanisms. Depending on the bolt density, the observed failure of a bolted tunnel can deviate significantly from the theoretical rupture surfaces (log spiral) anticipated for an unsupported circular opening. The influence of discontinuities on the rupture process near the tunnel wall is also explored. It is shown that by use of a high bolt density, the propagation of slip lines and the risk of failure close to the tunnel boundary can be minimized. The failure zone (delineating wedges) around the tunnel wall becomes smaller with increasing degree of reinforcement. L'article s'intéresse aux modes possibles de fractu-ration autour de l'ouverture circulaire d'un tunnel dans un champ de contraintes hydrostatique. Des modèles physiques ont été expérimentés en laboratoire, à l'aide d'un appareillage triaxial pour des échantillons cubiques de gros volume, afin d'étudier l'influence des boulons jointifs sur less mécanismes de fracturation. Selon la densité de boulons, la fracturation observée dans un tunnel boulonné peut s'éloigner significativement des surfaces de rupture théoriques (en spirale logarithmique) prévues pour une ouverture circulaire non soutenue. L'influence des discontinuités sur le mécanisme de rupture à proximité de la paroi du tunnel a également été étudiée. Il apparaît que, en utilisant une forte densité de boulons, l'on peut minimiser la propagation des lignes de glissement et le risque de fracturation à proximité des limites du tunnel. La zone de fracturation autour des parois du tunnel devient moins étendue si l'on augmente le degré de renforcement.
Indraratna, B & Balasubramaniam, AS 1993, 'Closure to “ Performance of Test Embankment Constructed to Failure on Soft Marine Clay ” by B. Indraratna, A. S. Balasubramaniam, and S. Balachandran (January, 1992, Vol. 118, No. 1)', Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 119, no. 8, pp. 1326-1329.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Indraratna, B, Wijewardena, LSS & Balasubramaniam, AS 1993, 'Large-scale triaxial testing of grey wacke rockfill', Géotechnique, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 37-51.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
This Paper describes the results of a series of large-scale triaxial tests conducted on greywacke rockfill, used in dam construction in Southern Thailand. The tests are conducted at low to moderate confining stresses to relate their findings to the stability of rockfill dams. Considering the current test results in conjunction with previous laboratory data, revised failure criteria for rockfill are proposed in non-dimensional form. For both low and high confining stresses, lower and upper bounds of strength envelopes have been established, based on a wide array of granular materials. The influence of the confining stress on the shear strength of rockfill is studied in depth, and the implications of a non-linear envelope at low normal stress levels on the stability of rockfill dams are discussed. Although two parallel rockfill gradations for specimens compacted to similar porosities are considered, the exact role of particle size effect on shear strength is not examined in detail, as the difference in maximum particle sizes tested in this study is not sufficiently large. Cet article décrit les résultats d'une suite d'essais au triaxial à grande échelle réalisés sur du remblai rocheux (greywacke) utilisé pour la construction de barrages dans le sud de la Thaïlande. Ces essais sont exécutés à des pressions de cellule faibles à modérées pour rapprocher les résultats de la stabilité de barrages à enrochement. En considérant les résultats existant d'essais, en conjonction avec les données de laboratoire précédentes, des critères de rupture de l'enrochement sont proposés dans une forme sans dimensions. Pour des pressions de cellule faibles et élevées, les enveloppes basses et hautes de résistance ont été établies, basées sur un vaste ensemble de matériaux granuleux. L'influence de la pression de cellule sur la résistance au cisaillement est étudiée en profondeur et les conséquences d'une enveloppe de rupture non linéaire à containtes...
Kelly, PJ, Nguyen, T, Hopper, J, Pocock, N, Sambrook, P & Eisman, J 1993, 'Changes in axial bone density with age: A twin study', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 11-17.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
Abstract Bone mineral density in adult life, which is an important determinant of fracture risk, is determined by peak adult bone density, achieved in early adulthood and subsequent rates of change during adult life. Cross-sectional twin and family studies indicate that the majority of population variation in bone density may be explained by genetic factors. Although there is evidence for a genetic effect on peak bone mass, it is unknown whether there is a genetic effect on rates of changes in bone density with age. Changes in lumbar spine and femoral neck bone density determined by dual-photon absorptiometry (Lunar DP3) were examined in a cohort of monozygotic (MZ, n = 21, 3 male and 18 female pairs, median age, range, 46; 24–75 years) and dizygotic twins (DZ, n = 19; 43, 25–65 years). The median follow-up was 3 years (range 1.1–5.5 years), with each subject having at least two and up to four bone density assessments. In these twins, genetic factors determine variation in rates of change (% change/year) in lumbar spine bone density, rMZ = 0.93 and rDZ = 0.51, p < 0.02 (one tailed), and Ward's triangle, rMZ = 0–60. rDZ = 0.11, p < 0.05 (one tailed). Model-fitting analysis was also consistent with a genetic effect on rates of change in bone density at the trochanteric site, although such an effect was not shown at the femoral neck. These data demonstrate, for the first time, the possible existence of genetic determinants of rates of change in bone mineral density in adults.
LOGANATHAN, P & HEDLEY, MJ 1993, 'SINGLE SUPERPHOSPHATE - REACTIVE PHOSPHATE ROCK MIXTURES .3. THE USE OF CONCENTRATION RATIOS OF ELEMENTS TO IDENTIFY THE NATURE AND AMOUNTS OF UNACIDULATED ROCK RESIDUES IN THE MIXTURES', FERTILIZER RESEARCH, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 203-210.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
Water insoluble residues (WIR) of unreactive phosphate rocks in single superphosphate-reactive phosphate rock (SSP-RPR) mixtures are considered to reduce the agronomic value of these mixtures. A technique using concentration ratios of elements to identify the quantities of WIR of ground North Carolina (NC), ground Nauru and as received NC phosphate rocks in a SSP-RPR was developed. Of 22 elements tested P/Sr ratios were found to be the only element ratios that could be used to distinguish between WIR's derived from Nauru and NC. P/Sr ratios in Nauru and NC were markedly different and provided a useful index for differentiating between the two rocks. During acidulation the P/Sr concentration ratio remained essentially constant in the WIR's from both rocks. Using the element ratio technique the percentage of total P in the SSP-RPR sample was determined to be 60-61% water soluble, 5% water insoluble Nauru, 2% water insoluble ground NC and 32-33% water insoluble as received NC. The element ratio technique developed in this study can be applied to partially acidulated P fertilizers made with rocks other than NC and Nauru provided elements which satisfy the same conditions as Sr in this study can be found. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Maciel, FB, Miyanaga, Y & Tochinai, K 1993, 'An optimization technique for lowering the iteration bound of DSP programs', Journal of VLSI signal processing systems for signal, image and video technology, vol. 5, no. 2-3, pp. 273-282.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Miyanaga, Y & Tochinai, K 1993, 'Parallel VLSI architecture for multi-layer self-organizing cellular network', IEICE Transactions on Electronics, vol. E76-C, no. 7, pp. 1174-1181.
View description>>
This paper proposes a multi-layer cellular network in which a self-organizing method is implemented. The network is developed for the purpose of data clustering and recognition. A multi-layer structure is presented to realize the sophisticated combination of several sub-spaces which are spanned by given input characteristic data. A self-organizing method is useful for evaluating the set of clusters for input data without a supervisor. Thus, using these techniques this network can provide good clustering ability as an example for image pattern data which have complicate and structured characteristics.
MIYANAGA, Y & TOCHINAI, K 1993, 'PARALLEL VLSI ARCHITECTURE FOR MULTILAYER SELF-ORGANIZING CELLULAR NETWORK', IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS, vol. E76C, no. 7, pp. 1174-1181.
Miyanaga, Y, Tochinai, K & Okumura, S 1993, 'On the generalizability and adaptability of a self‐organization clustering', Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science), vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 73-82.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
AbstractThis paper constructs an adaptive clustering method based on the Mahalanobis distance and discusses its essential characteristics with respect to the adaptability and generalizability. From some experimental results, this method is shown to provide a sufficient adaptive clustering ability. The clustering method proposed in this paper is based on a self‐organization method by which every useful independent base can be obtained on a characteristic space. Thus, the user's effort of learning becomes minimum compared with supervised learning. In addition, clustering based on an adaptive method is performed to consider the time variation of the characteristics. Furthermore, to improve the generalizability, a set of clusters is reconstructed in every certain period and a system is constructed such that accurate cluster sets and recognition are obtained. Because this reconstruction is also processed in a self‐organizing way, it does not require learning from an external source. To evaluate the characteristics quantitatively, its effectiveness is shown by several simulation experiments.
Nguyen, T, Sambrook, P, Kelly, P, Jones, G, Lord, S, Freund, J & Eisman, J 1993, 'Prediction of osteoporotic fractures by postural instability and bone density.', BMJ, vol. 307, no. 6912, pp. 1111-1115.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
PAN, LB, LIU, PC & BAKOSS, SL 1993, 'LONG-TERM SHORTENING OF CONCRETE COLUMNS IN TALL BUILDINGS', JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE, vol. 119, no. 7, pp. 2258-2262.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
The accurate estimation of the long-term shortening of the vertical members of tall concrete buildings is often an important issue in their design. Differences in the shortening of adjacent columns or between columns and the shear core can induce significant moments and shears in connecting floor slabs or beams. The effects of such differential vertical movements have to be carefully considered where adjacent vertical members are closely spaced, carry different loads, or have different cross sections. The total shortening of concrete columns consists of the sum of the instantaneous axial deformations and the deformations induced by creep and shrinkage. The paper describes a method for the prediction of the long-term axial deformations of reinforced concrete columns of tall buildings. The method is based on the incremental superposition procedure in which the stresses due to loads and creep and shrinkage are assumed to vary discretely at selected instants of time. Predicted values are shown to be in good agreement with column shortening measured in a tall building. © ASCE.
Sambrook, P, Birmingham, J, Kelly, P, Kempler, S, Nguyen, T, Pocock, N & Eisman, J 1993, 'Prevention of corticosteroid bone loss', Osteoporosis International, vol. 3, no. S1, pp. 141-143.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Sambrook, P, Birmingham, J, Kelly, P, Kempler, S, Nguyen, T, Pocock, N & Eisman, J 1993, 'Prevention of Corticosteroid Osteoporosis -- A Comparison of Calcium, Calcitriol, and Calcitonin', New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 328, no. 24, pp. 1747-1752.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Sheng, D & Knutsson, S 1993, 'Sensitivity analysis of frost heave - a theoretical study', Frost in geotechnical engineering. Proc. 2nd symposium, Anchorage, 1993, pp. 3-16.
View description>>
A frost heave model based on quasi-steady state heat and water flow is presented. The model is verified against experimental results. The sensivity of computed frost heave is analyzed, which shows that, 1) the important factors affecting frost heave include overburden pressure, temperature gradient, unfrozen water content in frozen soil, and permeability of the soil; 2) increasing over-burden pressure prevents frost heave by elongating frozen fringe and increasing the space between lenses, and the effect of overburden pressure is not significant for clays; 3) decreasing temperature gradient prevents frost heave by increasing the thickness of frozen fringe and reducing ice lens thickness; 4) as the unfrozen water content increases, the computed heave first increases rapidly and then approaches a constant value at moderate and high unfrozen water content. -from Authors
Sheng, D, Axelsson, KB & Knutsson, S 1993, 'Finite element analysis for convective heat diffusion with phase change', Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol. 104, no. 1, pp. 19-30.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Shoon, SY, Wan, SW & Nguyen, HT 1993, 'A novel approach to the design of a Wilson referenced ECG amplifier.', Australas Phys Eng Sci Med, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 111-117.
View description>>
The Wilson Central Terminal consists of three limb electrodes connected through a resistor network at the inverting input to the ECG amplifier. It is often used as a zero potential reference in ECG recordings. In this paper, the implications of using a Wilson central reference on the overall amplifier's common-mode rejection ratio and noise specifications is analysed. It is shown that the Wilson reference can degrade the overall amplifier specifications. The design of a Wilson referenced amplifier is then described which shows this to be true. A novel approach to the design of a Wilson referenced ECG amplifier is then presented, whereby the reference network is moved from the input to an intermediate stage of the amplifier. An analysis on the improvements achieved over the conventional approach is given. An amplifier design using the new approach is then described. Tests results showed a significant improvement in amplifier common mode rejection ratio and noise specifications when compared to the conventional design.
Stewart, MG 1993, 'Modeling Human Performance in Reinforced Concrete Beam Construction', Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, vol. 119, no. 1, pp. 6-22.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
A significant portion of performance failures are due to human error in the construction stage of a structural engineering project. Statistical studies indicate that the construction of in-situ reinforced concrete elements is most prone to error, and that most errors are committed by contractors (either site staff or workmen). Results are reported herein of a survey investigating the error rate and error magnitude of contractor construction errors, and the frequency of engineering inspections and their influence on construction errors. The survey recipients were practicing structural engineers. Probabilistic models have been proposed for the distribution of error rates and error magnitudes, and include within them the influence of inspections. It was found that engineering inspections reduced the initial on-site construction error content by approximately two orders of magnitude. The models provide construction task performance information that can be incorporated into a probabilistic risk analysis of reinforced-concrete construction. © ASCE.
Stewart, MG 1993, 'Structural reliability and error control in reinforced concrete design and construction', Structural Safety, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 277-292.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
Available statistical data suggest that human error in design and construction causes a significant proportion of performance failures; namely, structural failure, cost overruns and delays. A Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) model has been developed to simulate the effect of human error on the design and construction of a reinforced concrete beam. The proposed HRA model incorporates the effect of designer checking, independent design checking, engineering inspections of construction works, and interaction between the designer and contractor. Human performance models are described for all design and construction microtasks. It was found that human error leads to a significant loss of structural safety, but that error control measures (particularly design checking) significantly reduce this loss. It was also shown that construction errors are more detrimental to structural safety and are more difficult to detect and correct. © 1993.
Voinov, AA & Zharova, NA 1993, 'HYDRO: simulation of hydrodynamics and water pollution', Environmental Software, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 209-218.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
A user-friendly package for simulations of wind-induced currents and dispersion of non-conservative pollutants in aquatic media is discussed. The hydrodynamics are modelled by a stationary shallow-water approximation of the Eckman type. The generated patterns of currents are fed into the 2-D advection-diffusion model to calculate the concentration fields of a pollutant coming with inflows or injected directly into the water body. The package runs on IBM compatible PCs with a mathcoprocessor being very desirable. The package is simple to learn. It may be useful for preliminary qualitative analysis of water pollution, as well as for education and demonstration purposes. © 1993 Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd.
Waite, TD, Amal, R, Ngo, H & Vigneswaran, S 1993, 'Effects of Adsorbed Organic Matter on Size, Structure and Filterability of Iron Oxyhydroxide Flocs', Water Science and Technology, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 133-142.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
In this study, the effects of adsorbed fulvic acid, a naturallyoccurringorganic acid, on the aggregation and filtration of hematite particles are investigated. The study of aggregate structure shows that the fractal dimensions of hematite aggregates which are partially coated with fulvic acid molecules are higher than those obtained with no adsorbed fulvic acid. The high fractal dimensions are due to restructuring within the aggregates, which only occurred at low coverage by the organic acid. In the filtration experiments, high clean filter efficiency was obtained for particles with the net charge opposite to the filter media. During ripening period, however, the particle sizesplayed a more important role than the surface chargesParticles of a micron size seemed to have less capture efficiency during this period, since they are controlled neither by diffusion nor interception.
WALKER, JS, ARROYO, JF, NGUYEN, T & DAY, RO 1993, 'Analgesic efficacy of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in experimental pain in humans', British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 417-425.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Xia, JS, Ni, W & Adams, ED 1993, 'Melting pressure of solidHe3through the magnetic-ordering transitions', Physical Review Letters, vol. 70, no. 10, pp. 1481-1484.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
YING, MS 1993, 'A NEW APPROACH FOR FUZZY TOPOLOGY .3.', FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 193-207.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
The concepts of fuzzy continuity, product and quotient spaces are presented, and their fundamental properties are obtained in fuzzifying topology.
YING, MS 1993, 'COMPACTNESS IN FUZZIFYING TOPOLOGY', FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 79-92.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
We introduce the concept of compactness and establish a generalization of Tychonoff's theorem in the framework of fuzzifying topology.
YING, MS 1993, 'FUZZIFYING TOPOLOGY BASED ON COMPLETE RESIDUATED LATTICE-VALUED LOGIC .1.', FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 337-373.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
We greatly extend fuzzifying topology by introducing a unary fuzzy predicate interpreted as the property to be fuzzifying topological spaces on the class of all so-called fuzzifying pretopological spaces and by adopting the semantic method of complete re
YING, MS 1993, 'FUZZIFYING UNIFORM-SPACES', FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 93-104.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
We introduce the concept of fuzzifying uniform spaces in the framework of fuzzifying topology and establish some fundamental properties of fuzzifying uniform spaces.
Zhou, JL & Banks, CJ 1993, 'Mechanism of humic acid colour removal from natural waters by fungal biomass biosorption', Chemosphere, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 607-620.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Aubrey, T & White, P 1970, 'Comparison of switched pattern diversity antennas', IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, pp. 89-92.
View description>>
Switched pattern diversity reception is implemented by using antenna elements with different directional radiation patterns and switching the receiver to the element providing the best output. The use of pattern diversity can improve system performance. We simulate the performance of various ideal pattern diversity antennas. The results are compared with an ideal omni-directional antenna and with energy density antennas. Significant improvements are shown for diversity antennas in multi-path environments characterized by Rayleigh and Rician amplitude distributions.
BALL, JE 1970, 'MODELLING OF UNSTEADY FLOW THROUGH MANHOLES', PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON URBAN STORM DRAINAGE, VOLS 1 AND 2, 6th International Conference on Urban Storm Drainage, SEAPOINT PUBLISHING, NIAGARA FALLS, CANADA, pp. 116-121.
BALL, JE, BARMA, D & AUSTR, IE 1970, 'MODELING FLOOD WAVE MOVEMENT WITH A MODIFIED STRELKOFF SCHEME', HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES SYMPOSIUM - TOWARDS THE 21ST CENTURY, Engineering for Hydrology and Water Resources Conference 1993: Looking Towards the 21st-Century, INST ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA, NEWCASTLE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 179-184.
BALL, JE, WHITE, MJ, INNES, GD, CHEN, L & AUSTR, IE 1970, 'APPLICATION OF HSPF ON THE UPPER NEPEAN CATCHMENT', HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES SYMPOSIUM - TOWARDS THE 21ST CENTURY, Engineering for Hydrology and Water Resources Conference 1993: Looking Towards the 21st-Century, INST ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA, NEWCASTLE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 343-348.
BAWEJA, D, ROPER, H, GUIRGUIS, S & SIRIVIVATNANON, V 1970, 'MEASUREMENT OF CORROSION OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT UNDER HIGH CHLORIDE CONDITIONS', FLY ASH, SILICA FUME, SLAG, AND NATURAL POZZOLANS IN CONCRETE, VOLS 1 AND 2, 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON FLY ASH, SILICA FUME, SLAG, AND NATURAL POZZOLANS IN CONCRETE, AMER CONCRETE INST, ISTANBUL, TURKEY, pp. 1543-1563.
Bernasch, J 1970, '<title>Visual attention control in image sequences using multiple knowledge sources</title>', SPIE Proceedings, IS&T/SPIE's Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, SPIE.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Bone, DJ 1970, '<title>Adaptive color-printer modeling using regularized linear splines</title>', Device-Independent Color Imaging and Imaging Systems Integration, IS&T/SPIE's Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, SPIE, pp. 104-115.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
© 1993 SPIE. All rights reserved. The characterisation of a highly non-linear color print device can involve a large number of measurements of printed color output. If the measurement process is not automated this can be a significant fraction of the cost of developing a color model for a device. One way to limit the number of measurements required is to ensure that in any given region, only enough measurements are made to adequately characterise the local behaviour. With no prior knowledge of the behaviour, this requires an adaptive approach to the sampling. An adaptive sampling technique developed for this work, termed Model Accuracy Moderated Adaptive Sampling (MAMAS), is described. Simulation tests with and without measurement noise are presented and the results are compared to measurements using uniform regular sampling. The technique is also applied to a real printer, the Canon CLC500, for which some results are presented. The color model used for the print device is based on an interpolated look up table (ILUT). Because of the highly non-linear nature of the device being modeled a flexible technique is required to translate the irregular measurement samples into a regularly gridded model. A method based on a regularized linear spline was developed. Appropriate choice of the penalty function for the regularization can achieve a compromise between fitting the measured points and reducing the impact of measurement noise. A brief overview of the technique is presented.
Bone, DJ 1970, '<title>Adaptive multidimensional interpolation using regularized linear splines</title>', SPIE Proceedings, IS&T/SPIE's Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, SPIE, SAN JOSE, CA, pp. 243-253.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
BRISCOE, BJ, STUART, BH & THOMAS, PS 1970, 'SOLVENT-INDUCED MORPHOLOGICAL-CHANGES TO POLYCARBONATE', POLYMER/INORGANIC INTERFACES, Materials Research Society, San Francisco, pp. 185-190.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
Brookes, W & Indulska, J 1970, 'An ODP-based approach to overcoming heterogeneity in wide area networks', Proceedings of IEEE Singapore International Conference on Networks/International Conference on Information Engineering '93, IEEE Singapore International Conference on Networks/International Conference on Information Engineering '93, IEEE, SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE, pp. 680-684.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
DAY, RO, NGUYEN, T & WILLIAMS, KM 1970, 'TENOXICAM DOSE CONCENTRATION RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP IN RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS (RA)', CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC, pp. 152-152.
Fedaoui, L, Gay, V & Horlait, E 1970, 'QoS management of ODP-based distributed multimedia applications', Proceedings ISAD 93: International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems, ISAD 93: International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems, IEE Comput. Soc. Press, pp. 239-245.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
© 1993 IEEE. The objective of this study is to try to answer the question of how to manage quality of service (QoS) in open-distributed processing (ODP)-based distributed multimedia applications. To reach this goal, an overview of the basic characteristics of distributed multimedia applications is given. Their QoS constraints are then specified in the ODP framework of abstraction. The role and the position of QoS management in ODP are shown by a joint editing sample.
Guo, Y & Yang, J 1970, 'Application of Sinusoidal Windings in Synchronous Machines', Proceedings of Hubei Electrotechnical Society Annual Meeting (Hubei Dianguo Jishu Xiehui Nianhui), Hubei Electrotechnical Society, Yichang, China, pp. 1-6.
Hadgraft, R, Kendall, M & Lau, A 1970, 'New software, new solutions', National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia, pp. 265-270.
View description>>
Much existing engineering software has been written in Fortran (or similar third generation programming languages such as C and Pascal), and much new software is based on these types of tools. While it is true that many (perhaps most) engineers are never required to write substantial computer programs, many will have a need to develop occasional, specific solutions to problems that they face. We need to make ourselves as productive as possible, and using traditional programming tools is not the way to solve these problems. This paper surveys a growing body of end user oriented development tools, and shows, by example, how they can be applied in development of engineering software. These tools are characterised by offering inherent user friendliness in a windowed environment, providing the user with menus, dialog boxes and graphical output. They have the added advantage that they can be combined within an environment such as Microsoft Windows to create a workbench of tools which work in a similar way. When combined with the hypertext help built into Windows, we can provide ourselves and our colleagues with applications with considerable in-built help and tutorial assistance.
HOWARD, G, KELLY, P, MORRISON, N, TOKITA, A, WATANABE, T, SAMBROOK, P, NGUYEN, T & EISMAN, J 1970, 'FUNCTIONAL-SIGNIFICANCE OF VITAMIN-D RECEPTOR ALLELES - RESPONSE OF BONE TURNOVER INDEXES TO CALCITRIOL STIMULATION', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC, pp. S134-S134.
JONES, G, NGUYEN, T, SAMBROOK, P & EISMAN, JA 1970, 'THIAZIDE DIURETICS AND OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURE - CAN METAANALYSIS HELP', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC, pp. S337-S337.
Lister, R 1970, 'Annealing networks and fractal landscapes', IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, pp. 257-262.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
©1993 IEEE. The conventional explanation for the poor scaling of Hopfield and Tank networks is that they have difficulty in balancing the trade-off between the path length and the legality components of the energy function. We first describe an experiment which suggests that the conventional explanation is either wrong, or at best incomplete. We propose an alternative explanation: these networks might scale better if their dynamics effectively implemented a "divide-and-conquer" strategy. That is, if they recursively decomposed the problem into smaller independent sub-problems. An annealing network can do so if the energy landscape has a self-similar "quasi-fractal" structure. We believe this proposition applies to both discrete and analog networks. We support our proposition by describing our work on finding low cost solutions for traveling salesman problems. We then consider the implications for two other optimization problems: graph bisection and coloring.
Lister, R 1970, 'Annealing networks and fractal landscapes', 1993 IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 257-262.
View description>>
The conventional explanation for the poor scaling of Hopfield and Tank networks is that they have difficulty in balancing the trade-off between the path length and the legality components of the energy function. We first describe an experiment which suggests that the conventional explanation is either wrong, or at best incomplete. We propose an alternative explanation: these networks might scale better if their dynamics effectively implemented a 'divide-and-conquer' strategy. That is, if they recursively decomposed the problem into smaller independent subproblems. We believe this proposition applies to both discrete and analog networks. We support our proposition by describing our work on finding low cost solutions for traveling salesman problems. We then consider the implications for two other optimization problems: graph bisection and coloring.
Lister, R 1970, 'Visualizing weight dynamics in the N-2-N encoder', IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, pp. 684-689.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
© 1993 IEEE. Kruglyak proved that sets of weights exist so that Multi-Layer Perceptrons can solve arbitrarily large N-2-N encoder problems. We extend Kruglyak's static geometric construction to give a way of visualizing weights dynamics during learning. This visualization provides insight as to why Back Propagation has difficulty in finding suitable N-2-N encoder weights for N>8. We believe this new insight has general consequences, relating to the danger of utilizing intermediate activity values in hidden units, and difficulties with finding solutions for tightly constrained (but not necessarily large) problems.
Lister, R, Bakker, P & Wiles, J 1970, 'Error signals, exceptions, and back propagation', Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 573-576.
View description>>
We introduce a new error function for Back Propagation. The function is designed for binary decision problems in which there are a large number of regular training patterns and a small number of exceptional patterns. We identify three factors that cause the standard quadratic error function to be poorly suited to such problems. We also show that existing alternative error functions, such as Cross Entropy and Quickprop's error function, do not address all three factors. The principal novelty of our error function is that, as the discrepancy between an output unit's target value and its actual value approaches extreme values, the associated error signal approaches infinity. Simulation results show that this error function learns the N-2-N encoder, a classic exception task, faster and more reliably than the above error functions.
LONG, C, COHEN, GL, LANGTRY, T & SHANNON, AG 1970, 'ARITHMETIC SEQUENCES AND 2ND-ORDER RECURRENCES', APPLICATIONS OF FIBONACCI NUMBERS, VOL 5, 5th International Conference on Fibonacci Numbers and Their Applications, KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, UNIV ST ANDREWS, ST. ANDREWS, SCOTLAND, pp. 449-457.
Nguyen, HT & Bartolo, F 1970, 'Torque control strategy for motor starters', IEE Conference Publication, 5th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE 93), INST ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, BRIGHTON CONF CTR, BRIGHTON, ENGLAND, pp. 480-484.
View description>>
In heavy industries such as coal mining or quarry products, solid-state motor starters for induction motors have been used extensively to bring conveyor systems to full speed because of their softstart capability. A major problem for industrial motor starters using the standard voltage ramping technique is that they usually experience inconsistent overall motor run-up time and instability near full speed. Current industrial solutions for this problem require the use of current feedback or tacho feedback. In this paper, we show that the standard voltage ramp currently used in industrial motor starters does not correlate to the run-up time, nor guarantees substantial reduction of torque and current surges. Digital implementation of a voltage ramping power starter indeed confirms the validity of these results. A torque-control strategy is then proposed for motor starter which would provide substantial reduction of torque and current surges, at the same time would guarantee the required run-up time of the induction motor without the use of a tacho-generator. Experimental results show that an effective torque-controlled power starter can be implemented successfully.
Nguyen, HT & Sands, D 1970, 'Real-time self-organized fuzzy logic controller for DC servo', IEE Conference Publication, 5th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE 93), INST ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, BRIGHTON CONF CTR, BRIGHTON, ENGLAND, pp. 174-179.
View description>>
Fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) have been used to provide solutions to control systems which are either ill-defined or too complex to model. For better control quality, self-organizing fuzzy logic controllers (SOFLC) have been developed recently to include a self-learning process within the fuzzy logic network. A major disadvantage of a self-organizing fuzzy logic controller is that it is highly computational intensive. In this paper, we concentrate on the development of a real-time implementation of a self-organizing fuzzy logic controller for a DC servo. In particular, we propose an efficient algorithm for implementation of the essential rule reinforcer module of the self-organising process. Experimental results show that even with limited knowledge on the system plane, the controller is able to yield good performance with strong robustness.
NGUYEN, TV, KELLY, PJ, SAMBROOK, PN, GILBERT, C, POCOCK, NA & EISMAN, JA 1970, 'INTERACTION OF LIFE-STYLE FACTORS AND BONE-DENSITY IN THE ELDERLY - IMPLICATIONS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS PREVENTION', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC, pp. S356-S356.
Piccardi, M, De Stefano, L, Cucchiara, R & Cinotti, TS 1970, 'Processing of variable size images on a cellular array: Performance analysis with the Abingdon Cross Benchmark', Proceedings of International Conference on Application Specific Array Processors (ASAP '93), International Conference on Application Specific Array Processors (ASAP '93), IEEE Comput. Soc. Press, pp. 172-175.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
© 1993 IEEE. Handling a continuous flow of variable size images is a requirement for real time computer vision machines. A modular system based on a small size SIMD cellular array of 1-bit processing elements has been developed with this goal in mind and it is now evaluated against the Abingdon Cross Benchmark specifications. The benchmark tests the combination of algorithms and architecture and generates a quality factor expressed as the ratio of the image lateral size and the processing time. The examined machine supports an efficient means to automatically partition, process and reconstruct images larger than the array size. The authors briefly describe the system, discuss the selected algorithms and present performance results and estimates for several system configurations.
QI, JC, MORRISON, NA, KELLY, PJ, CROFTS, L, NGUYEN, TV, SAMBROOK, PN, TOKITA, A & EISMAN, JA 1970, 'VITAMIN-D RECEPTOR ALLELES AND PREDICTION OF BONE-MINERAL DENSITY', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC, pp. S131-S131.
STEWART, MG 1970, 'HUMAN ERROR AND HUMAN RELIABILITY FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TASKS', PROBABILISTIC RISK AND HAZARD ASSESSMENT, Conference on Probabilistic Risk and Hazard Assessment, A A BALKEMA, NEWCASTLE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 195-205.
Stuchly, MA & Esselle, KP 1970, 'Cylindrical model for magnetic field stimulation of neurons', Proceedings of Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, IEEE, pp. 1295-1298.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
© 1993 IEEE. Pulses of a strong magnetic field are used to stimulate motor nerves in order to diagnose various neurological disorders. Analyses of induced electric fields in tissue are important in localizing and focusing the stimulation and in optimization of coils used to produce the magnetic field. A method of analysis and results of coil optimization are presented for a homogeneous cylindrical volume conductor representing an arm.
Tao, Z & Nguyen, H 1970, 'Fuzzy control for tracking and handling of moving objects', Proceedings of IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications Computers and Signal Processing, IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications Computers and Signal Processing, IEEE, VICTORIA, CANADA, pp. 35-38.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
THOMAS, PS & WILLIAMS, DR 1970, 'THE CHARACTERISATION OF COATED POLYMERIC FIBRES BY INVERSE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY', ADHESION SOCIETY PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING AND THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE INTERPHASE, 16th Annual Meeting of the Adhesion-Society/International Symposium on the Interphase, ADHESION SOCIETY, WILLIAMSBURG, VA, pp. 120-122.
Tuan, HD 1970, 'Local controllability problems for implicit discrete inclusions with state constraints', Proceedings of 32nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 32nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, SAN ANTONIO, TX, pp. 3317-3318.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
van de Groenendaal, JG & Braun, RM 1970, 'Rural communications in multi-path channels: Spread spectrum applications', 1993 IEEE South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, 1993 IEEE South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, IEEE, pp. 167-172.
View/Download from: Publisher's site
View description>>
© 1993 IEEE. All radio communications occur in channels that have definite multipath characteristics. Two effects that are predominant in such a model, depending on the delay relative to the bit period, are Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) and fading. In this paper ISI is investigated in greater detail and the theoretical error performance for BPSK in a multi-path channel is derived. It is also shown how spread spectrum improves the error performance of BPSK without a "rake" receiver in such an environment and the selection of parameters of spread spectrum to maximize error performance is briefly discussed.
