Alzer, H 1993, 'Sharp upper and lower bounds for the exponential function', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 315-327.
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Ball, JE 1993, 'Review of Urban Stormwater Hydrology by A. Osman Akan', Hydrological Sciences Journal, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 571-572.
BAWEJA, D, ROPER, H & SIRIVIVATNANON, V 1993, 'RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ANODIC POLARIZATION AND CORROSION OF STEEL IN CONCRETE', CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1418-1430.
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Ben Aim, R, Liu, MG & Vigneswaran, S 1993, 'Recent Development of Membrane Processes for Water and Waste Water Treatment', Water Science and Technology, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 141-149.
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Membranes are presently used at industrial scale for water and waste water treatment, but still for limited production. More knowledge of hydrodynamic phenomena has recently resulted in significant technical improvements (backflush, unsteady flow). However an experimental study performed at lab scale in a rotating membrane device has shown the complexity of the relationship between operating conditions, rejection and filtrate flux. The need for bettering the quality of the water (low turbidity) and waster water (disinfection) may be in favour of the development of membrane processes if efficient models allowing simultaneous optimization of quality and productivity are made available (as was done years ago for deep bed filtration).
Bird, TS 1993, 'Going strong after 50 years: antenna R&D at the CSIRO division of radiophysics', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 39-48.
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Bisarya, SC, Joshi, SK & Holkar, AG 1993, 'Calcium Nitrate—A New Nitrating Agent for Nuclear Nitration of Substituted Phenols', Synthetic Communications, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 1125-1137.
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BOLAN, NS, HEDLEY, MJ & LOGANATHAN, P 1993, 'PREPARATION, FORMS AND PROPERTIES OF CONTROLLED-RELEASE PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS', FERTILIZER RESEARCH, vol. 35, no. 1-2, pp. 13-24.
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Controlled-release phosphate fertilizers include phosphate rocks (PRs) for direct application, partially acidulated phosphate rocks (PAPRs) and thermal phosphates. Phosphate rocks contain apatite as the main P containing mineral, the composition and the chemical nature of which vary between PRs. Based on the solubility in chemical extractants PRs are broadly grouped into 'reactive' and 'unreactive'. The 'reactivity' of PRs is influenced strongly by the extent of carbonate substitution for phosphate in the apatite minerals. Under certain soil and climatic conditions reactive PRs (RPRs) can be used as a source of P for direct application. Partially acidulated phosphate rocks (PAPRs) are produced either by direct partial acidulation of PRs with mineral acids or by mixing PRs with fully acidulated superphosphate reaction mixtures. Partial acidulation of PRs with H3PO4 generally results in higher water soluble P contents than those acidulated with H2SO4. Mixing of RPRs with superphosphate reaction mixtures sometimes results in the preferential consumption of free acid and thereby increases the amounts of residual unreacted PRs. Thermal phosphates are produced by either heating PRs below melting point both in the presence and the absence of silica (calcined phosphates) or heating PRs with silica above melting point (fused phosphate). These phosphates are alkaline in nature and hence suitable for acidic soils. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Briscoe, BJ, Thomas, PS & Williams, DR 1993, 'The Strain Rate Dependence of the Interface Shear Strength of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Films', Tribology Series, vol. 25, no. C, pp. 453-460.
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The frictional response for a range of thin poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films has been assessed in terms of the interface shear strength, τ. The dependence of τ on the shear strain rate, the morphology and the molecular structure of the polymer have been experimentally determined. These dependencies are interpreted using a molecular topographical model of the interface shear process. This type of model allows the accommodation of microscopic shear stresses through molecular deformation in the polymer film. In order to identify the molecular nature of these processes, a theoretical stress activated model of molecular flow is employed. The structural properties of the polymer films, and, in particular, the conformation of the pendant ester group, are characterised by FTER. The current study proposes that the interface rheology of PMMA films is related to the conformation of the pendant ester groups attached to the carbon backbone chain of PMMA. © 1993, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Burnett, IS & Holbeche, RJ 1993, 'A mixed prototype waveform/CELP coder for sub 3 kbit/s', IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 2, pp. 175-178.
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Cao, HT, Bucea, L & Sirivivatnanon, V 1993, 'Corrosion rates of steel embedded in cement pastes', Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1273-1282.
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Dynamic polarization techniques were used to estimate the corrosion rates of steel embedded in cement paste made with different binder systems. A corrosion model is proposed. The corrosion rates were determined by employing the Evans diagrams constructed from cathodic polarization curve of steel embedded in chloride free cement paste and anodic polarization curve of steel embedded in cement pastes containing chloride. Within the limitations of the adopted experimental conditions and sample configuration, the preliminary results indicate that corrosion rates of steel embedded in blended cement pastes generally fall within the range shown by steel embedded in portland cement pastes. © 1993.
Chiemchaisri, C, Yamamoto, K & Vigneswaran, S 1993, 'Household Membrane Bioreactor in Domestic Wastewater Treatment', Water Science and Technology, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 171-178.
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The activated sludge process coupled with hollow fiber membrane for solid-liquid separation was applied to treat low strength domestic wastewater.
Pilot-scale experimental unit used in this study consisted of 2 modules of 0.03 μm pore size with 9 m2 surface area each, immersed in the reactor which has a maximum working volume of 1.5 m3. Even when sewage was fed at varying rates following its diurnal flow variation to the bioreactor, good stability of the process was achieved which was shown by the consistency in treated water quality. The effluent turbidity and COD were well within the limits (less than 0.5 NTU and 3-5 mg/L). The transmembrane pressure drop was less than 20 cm Hg even after 2 months of operation. Application of jet aeration could be used to prolong the operational life of the membrane in the bioreactor. This system is an ideal one to be used as household wastewater treatment system.
Dajani, I, Morse, EC & Ziolkowski, RW 1993, 'Weakly nonlinear geometrical optics in plasmas', Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, vol. 64, no. 1-3, pp. 237-250.
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Dharmappa, HB, Verink, J, Fujiwara, O & Vigneswaran, S 1993, 'Optimal design of a flocculator', Water Research, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 513-519.
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An approach is presented for the least cost design of a flocculator with respect to flocculation time and velocity gradient, in order to obtain a desired effluent condition, which is measured using the negative slope of power law distribution function (β). The model proposed is a non-linear programming problem involving a non-linear constraint, which in turn comprises a verified simulation model. The case study demonstrates the existence of a relationship between design criterion and design parameters. It also shows that the optimal solution is sensitive to influent particle size distribution (PSD) and particle contact efficiency (α).
Dissanayake, MWMG & Phan-Thien, N 1993, 'Near minimum-time positioning of a flexible beam', ZAMP Zeitschrift f�r angewandte Mathematik und Physik, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 755-768.
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DONNELLY, R & ZIOLKOWSKI, RW 1993, 'Designing localized waves', Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, vol. 440, no. 1910, pp. 541-565.
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In this paper we re-interpret a recently introduced method for obtaining non-separable, localized solutions of homogeneous partial differential equations. This reinterpretation is in the form of a geometrical consideration of the algebraic constraint that the Fourier transforms of such solutions must satisfy in the transform domain (phase space). With this approach we link two classes of localized, non-separable solutions of the homogeneous wave equation, and examine the transform domain characteristic that determines the space-time localization properties of these classes. This characterization allows us to design classes of solutions with better localization properties. In particular, we design and discuss the properties of several novel subluminal and superluminal solutions of the homogeneous wave equation. We also design families of non-separable, localized, subluminal and superluminal solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation by using the same technique.
Dovey, K 1993, 'Organisational Form and People Development: The Team as a Vehicle for Developing the Individual-in-Community', British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 124-132.
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It is argued that all social action serves specific power interests and that the organisational form of social agencies is strongly influenced by the theoretical assumptions and practical aims of those who establish them. The paper presents the case of radical humanism, as an appropriate theory of social action within social democracies in the late-twentieth century, and argues that the team is a highly effective form of social organisation which leads to the establishment of an organisational culture compatible with radical humanist principles. © 1993, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Dzenis, YA, Joshit, SP & Bogdanovich, AE 1993, 'Behavior of laminated composites under monotonically increasing random load', AIAA Journal, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 2329-2334.
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Eady, EA, Jones, CE, Tipper, JL, Cove, JH, Cunliffe, WJ & Layton, AM 1993, 'Antibiotic resistant propionibacteria in acne: need for policies to modify antibiotic usage.', BMJ, vol. 306, no. 6877, pp. 555-556.
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Eady, EA, Ross, JI, Tipper, JL, Walters, CE, Cove, JH & Noble, WC 1993, 'Distribution of genes encoding erythromycin ribosomal methylases and an erythromycin efflux pump in epidemiologically distinct groups of staphylococci', Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 211-217.
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Gabius, HJ, Gabius, S, Zemlyanukhina, TV, Bovin, NV, Brinck, U, Danguy, A, Joshi, SS, Kayser, K, Schottelius, J & Sinowatz, F 1993, 'Reverse lectin histochemistry: design and application of glycoligands for detection of cell and tissue lectins.', Histol Histopathol, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 369-383.
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Plant and invertebrate lectins are valuable cyto- and histological tools for the localization of defined carbohydrate determinants. The well-documented ubiquitous occurrence of sugar receptors encourages functional considerations. Undoubtedly, analysis of the presence of vertebrate lectins in tissues and cells is required to answer the pertinent and tempting question on the physiological relevance of protein (lectin)-carbohydrate recognition in situ. Carrier-immobilized glycoligands, derived from custom-made chemical synthesis, enable the visualization of respective binding sites. Histochemically inert proteins or synthetic polymers with appropriate functional groups are suitable carrier molecules for essential incorporation of ligand and label. The resulting neoglycoconjugates can track down tissue receptors that are neither impaired by fixation procedures nor blocked by endogenous high-affinity ligands. Lectins, especially the receptors of the tissue under investigation (endogenous lectins), and appropriately tailored immobilized glycoligands or lectin-specific antibodies (when available) are complementary tools to test the attractive hypothesis that diverse, functionally relevant glycobiological processes within or between cells are operative. Concomitant evaluation of both sides of lectin histochemistry, namely lectins as tools and lectins as functionally important molecules in situ, will indubitably render desired progress amenable in our often still fragmentary understanding of the importance of tissue lectin and glycoconjugate expression and its regulation.
Guo, YJ & Barton, SK 1993, 'Fresnel zone plate reflector incorporating rings', IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 417-419.
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A novel high-efficiency Fresnel zone plate reflector antenna is presented. The reflector consists of an inhomogeneous array of circular conducting rings printed on a grounded substrate. By adjusting the geometrical parameters of the rings and the distances between them, the reflector provides a space-varying phase correction required for focusing an incoming plane wave. Compared with a phase reversal zone plate, an average of 3-dB gain improvement and significant sidelobe reduction have been obtained. © 1993 IEEE
Guo, YJ & Barton, SK 1993, 'Multilayer phase correcting fresnel zone plate reflector antennas', International Journal of Satellite Communications, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 75-80.
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Owing to its flat nature and light weight etc., the Fresnel zone plate antenna is becoming very attractive for such applications as DBS reception and receive‐only VSAT. The disadvantages of low efficiency and high sidelobes of the simple and the phase reversing zone plates can be improved by using phase correcting techniques. In this paper, a systematic investigation on the efficiency and sidelobe performance of subzone phase correcting zone plate antennas is presented. The design of a form of multilayer phase correcting zone plate reflector is described. A quarter‐wave zone plate reflector constructed with three dielectric layers and metallized rings is reported, with measured peak efficiency of 55 per cent. Copyright © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guo, YJ & Barton, SK 1993, 'On the subzone phase correction of fresnel zone plate antennas', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 6, no. 15, pp. 840-843.
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Subzone phase correction is a practical technique to produce high‐efficiency Fresnel zone plate antennas. In this article a strict theory underlying the technique is presented. A closed‐form expression of the focal field for the subzone phase correcting Fresnel zone plate (FZP) illuminated by a plane wave is given first. The subzone division and the corresponding phase correction are then optimized to produce the maximum focal field intensity. To overcome the difficulty of placing many subzone phase shifters in the narrow outer full‐wave zones, an aperiodic subzone phase correction technique is proposed. Copyright © 1993 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company
HADGRAFT, R 1993, 'Problem-based Approach to a Civil Engineering Education', European Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 301-311.
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Problem-based learning (PBL) is seen as a way of developing a rounded engineer, one who excels not only in technical accomplishments, but also in communication, teamwork, leadership, innovation and initiative. PBL develops all these skills through a process of problem solving in a resource-rich environment explored by teams of students. This paper shows how a PBL approach can be applied in the development of a new civil engineering course. It does this on a broad scale (looking at the sequence of subjects required in the degree), and on a smaller scale, to show how individual subjects could be implemented. © 1993, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Hao, W, McDonald, TL, Brunson, KW & Joshi, SS 1993, 'Enhanced immunosuppressive activity associated with metastatic lymphoma cells.', Cancer Res, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 1921-1928.
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Earlier reports from our laboratory showed that Abelson virus-induced, highly malignant and liver metastatic RAW117-H10 cells, but not the parental, less metastatic RAW117-P cells, inhibited both T-cell and B-cell mitogen-induced proliferation of syngeneic normal murine spleen cells. Similar inhibition was also noted when RAW117-H10 cell surface molecules extracted with butanol were used instead of whole tumor cells. In this report we describe the suppressive properties of the butanol-extracted RAW117-H10 cell surface molecules on other immune functions and the isolation/purification of a molecule from RAW117-H10 cell butanol extract which shows inhibitory activity. The immunosuppressive molecules also inhibit natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, lymphokine-activated killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and bone marrow colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage colony formation, but not colony-forming unit-fibroblast colony formation. The suppressive molecules inhibit interleukin 2 production by the T-lymphocytes. One of the molecules responsible for some of the immunosuppressive activity has been isolated and purified from butanol extracts of the metastatic RAW117-H10 cells by preparative isoelectrofocusing techniques. The suppressive molecule has an isoelectric point of 4.3 with an approximate molecular weight of 70,000. Metastatic RAW117-H10 lymphoma cells therefore express immunosuppressive molecules, which may facilitate their growth and metastasis in vivo.
Husain, M & Waldron, KJ 1993, 'Position kinematics of a two limbed mixed mechanism', Mechanism and Machine Theory, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 763-775.
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Comparatively little attention has been paid to the kinematic and static characteristics of mixed mechanisms which have combinations of the characteristics of fully serial and fully parallel mechanisms. Such actively coordinated mechanisms having combina
Indraratna, B 1993, 'Effect of bolts on failure modes near tunnel openings in soft rock', Géotechnique, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 433-442.
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The Paper elucidates the potential failure modes around a circular tunnel opening subjected to a hydrostatic stress field. Physical models have been tested in the laboratory using a large cubical triaxial apparatus to investigate the effect of grouted bolts on failure mechanisms. Depending on the bolt density, the observed failure of a bolted tunnel can deviate significantly from the theoretical rupture surfaces (log spiral) anticipated for an unsupported circular opening. The influence of discontinuities on the rupture process near the tunnel wall is also explored. It is shown that by use of a high bolt density, the propagation of slip lines and the risk of failure close to the tunnel boundary can be minimized. The failure zone (delineating wedges) around the tunnel wall becomes smaller with increasing degree of reinforcement. L'article s'intéresse aux modes possibles de fractu-ration autour de l'ouverture circulaire d'un tunnel dans un champ de contraintes hydrostatique. Des modèles physiques ont été expérimentés en laboratoire, à l'aide d'un appareillage triaxial pour des échantillons cubiques de gros volume, afin d'étudier l'influence des boulons jointifs sur less mécanismes de fracturation. Selon la densité de boulons, la fracturation observée dans un tunnel boulonné peut s'éloigner significativement des surfaces de rupture théoriques (en spirale logarithmique) prévues pour une ouverture circulaire non soutenue. L'influence des discontinuités sur le mécanisme de rupture à proximité de la paroi du tunnel a également été étudiée. Il apparaît que, en utilisant une forte densité de boulons, l'on peut minimiser la propagation des lignes de glissement et le risque de fracturation à proximité des limites du tunnel. La zone de fracturation autour des parois du tunnel devient moins étendue si l'on augmente le degré de renforcement.
Indraratna, B & Balasubramaniam, AS 1993, 'Closure to “ Performance of Test Embankment Constructed to Failure on Soft Marine Clay ” by B. Indraratna, A. S. Balasubramaniam, and S. Balachandran (January, 1992, Vol. 118, No. 1)', Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 119, no. 8, pp. 1326-1329.
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Indraratna, B, Wijewardena, LSS & Balasubramaniam, AS 1993, 'Large-scale triaxial testing of grey wacke rockfill', Géotechnique, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 37-51.
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This Paper describes the results of a series of large-scale triaxial tests conducted on greywacke rockfill, used in dam construction in Southern Thailand. The tests are conducted at low to moderate confining stresses to relate their findings to the stability of rockfill dams. Considering the current test results in conjunction with previous laboratory data, revised failure criteria for rockfill are proposed in non-dimensional form. For both low and high confining stresses, lower and upper bounds of strength envelopes have been established, based on a wide array of granular materials. The influence of the confining stress on the shear strength of rockfill is studied in depth, and the implications of a non-linear envelope at low normal stress levels on the stability of rockfill dams are discussed. Although two parallel rockfill gradations for specimens compacted to similar porosities are considered, the exact role of particle size effect on shear strength is not examined in detail, as the difference in maximum particle sizes tested in this study is not sufficiently large. Cet article décrit les résultats d'une suite d'essais au triaxial à grande échelle réalisés sur du remblai rocheux (greywacke) utilisé pour la construction de barrages dans le sud de la Thaïlande. Ces essais sont exécutés à des pressions de cellule faibles à modérées pour rapprocher les résultats de la stabilité de barrages à enrochement. En considérant les résultats existant d'essais, en conjonction avec les données de laboratoire précédentes, des critères de rupture de l'enrochement sont proposés dans une forme sans dimensions. Pour des pressions de cellule faibles et élevées, les enveloppes basses et hautes de résistance ont été établies, basées sur un vaste ensemble de matériaux granuleux. L'influence de la pression de cellule sur la résistance au cisaillement est étudiée en profondeur et les conséquences d'une enveloppe de rupture non linéaire à containtes normales ...
Joshi, SP 1993, 'Observations on the behavior of orthotropic plates', Composite Structures, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 79-85.
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Kelly, PJ, Nguyen, T, Hopper, J, Pocock, N, Sambrook, P & Eisman, J 1993, 'Changes in axial bone density with age: A twin study', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 11-17.
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Lichtenberg, B, Ziolkowski, RW & Gallagher, NC 1993, 'Closed-form, localized wave solutions in optical-fiber waveguides: comment', Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 2090-2090.
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LOGANATHAN, P & HEDLEY, MJ 1993, 'SINGLE SUPERPHOSPHATE - REACTIVE PHOSPHATE ROCK MIXTURES .3. THE USE OF CONCENTRATION RATIOS OF ELEMENTS TO IDENTIFY THE NATURE AND AMOUNTS OF UNACIDULATED ROCK RESIDUES IN THE MIXTURES', FERTILIZER RESEARCH, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 203-210.
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Water insoluble residues (WIR) of unreactive phosphate rocks in single superphosphate-reactive phosphate rock (SSP-RPR) mixtures are considered to reduce the agronomic value of these mixtures. A technique using concentration ratios of elements to identify the quantities of WIR of ground North Carolina (NC), ground Nauru and as received NC phosphate rocks in a SSP-RPR was developed. Of 22 elements tested P/Sr ratios were found to be the only element ratios that could be used to distinguish between WIR's derived from Nauru and NC. P/Sr ratios in Nauru and NC were markedly different and provided a useful index for differentiating between the two rocks. During acidulation the P/Sr concentration ratio remained essentially constant in the WIR's from both rocks. Using the element ratio technique the percentage of total P in the SSP-RPR sample was determined to be 60-61% water soluble, 5% water insoluble Nauru, 2% water insoluble ground NC and 32-33% water insoluble as received NC. The element ratio technique developed in this study can be applied to partially acidulated P fertilizers made with rocks other than NC and Nauru provided elements which satisfy the same conditions as Sr in this study can be found. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Maciel, FB, Miyanaga, Y & Tochinai, K 1993, 'An optimization technique for lowering the iteration bound of DSP programs', Journal of VLSI signal processing systems for signal, image and video technology, vol. 5, no. 2-3, pp. 273-282.
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Miyanaga, Y, Tochinai, K & Okumura, S 1993, 'On the generalizability and adaptability of a self-organization clustering', Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science), vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 73-82.
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This paper constructs an adaptive clustering method based on the Mahalanobis distance and discusses its essential characteristics with respect to the adaptability and generalizability. From some experimental results, this method is shown to provide a sufficient adaptive clustering ability. The clustering method proposed in this paper is based on a self‐organization method by which every useful independent base can be obtained on a characteristic space. Thus, the user's effort of learning becomes minimum compared with supervised learning. In addition, clustering based on an adaptive method is performed to consider the time variation of the characteristics. Furthermore, to improve the generalizability, a set of clusters is reconstructed in every certain period and a system is constructed such that accurate cluster sets and recognition are obtained. Because this reconstruction is also processed in a self‐organizing way, it does not require learning from an external source. To evaluate the characteristics quantitatively, its effectiveness is shown by several simulation experiments. Copyright © 1993 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company
Nguyen, T, Sambrook, P, Kelly, P, Jones, G, Lord, S, Freund, J & Eisman, J 1993, 'Prediction of osteoporotic fractures by postural instability and bone density.', BMJ, vol. 307, no. 6912, pp. 1111-1115.
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PAN, LB, LIU, PC & BAKOSS, SL 1993, 'LONG-TERM SHORTENING OF CONCRETE COLUMNS IN TALL BUILDINGS', JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE, vol. 119, no. 7, pp. 2258-2262.
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The accurate estimation of the long-term shortening of the vertical members of tall concrete buildings is often an important issue in their design. Differences in the shortening of adjacent columns or between columns and the shear core can induce significant moments and shears in connecting floor slabs or beams. The effects of such differential vertical movements have to be carefully considered where adjacent vertical members are closely spaced, carry different loads, or have different cross sections. The total shortening of concrete columns consists of the sum of the instantaneous axial deformations and the deformations induced by creep and shrinkage. The paper describes a method for the prediction of the long-term axial deformations of reinforced concrete columns of tall buildings. The method is based on the incremental superposition procedure in which the stresses due to loads and creep and shrinkage are assumed to vary discretely at selected instants of time. Predicted values are shown to be in good agreement with column shortening measured in a tall building. © ASCE.
Sambrook, P, Birmingham, J, Kelly, P, Kempler, S, Nguyen, T, Pocock, N & Eisman, J 1993, 'Prevention of Corticosteroid Osteoporosis -- A Comparison of Calcium, Calcitriol, and Calcitonin', New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 328, no. 24, pp. 1747-1752.
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Sheng, D & Knutsson, S 1993, 'Sensitivity analysis of frost heave - a theoretical study', Frost in geotechnical engineering. Proc. 2nd symposium, Anchorage, 1993, pp. 3-16.
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A frost heave model based on quasi-steady state heat and water flow is presented. The model is verified against experimental results. The sensivity of computed frost heave is analyzed, which shows that, 1) the important factors affecting frost heave include overburden pressure, temperature gradient, unfrozen water content in frozen soil, and permeability of the soil; 2) increasing over-burden pressure prevents frost heave by elongating frozen fringe and increasing the space between lenses, and the effect of overburden pressure is not significant for clays; 3) decreasing temperature gradient prevents frost heave by increasing the thickness of frozen fringe and reducing ice lens thickness; 4) as the unfrozen water content increases, the computed heave first increases rapidly and then approaches a constant value at moderate and high unfrozen water content. -from Authors
Sheng, D, Axelsson, KB & Knutsson, S 1993, 'Finite element analysis for convective heat diffusion with phase change', Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol. 104, no. 1, pp. 19-30.
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Stewart, MG 1993, 'Modeling Human Performance in Reinforced Concrete Beam Construction', Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, vol. 119, no. 1, pp. 6-22.
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A significant portion of performance failures are due to human error in the construction stage of a structural engineering project. Statistical studies indicate that the construction of in-situ reinforced concrete elements is most prone to error, and that most errors are committed by contractors (either site staff or workmen). Results are reported herein of a survey investigating the error rate and error magnitude of contractor construction errors, and the frequency of engineering inspections and their influence on construction errors. The survey recipients were practicing structural engineers. Probabilistic models have been proposed for the distribution of error rates and error magnitudes, and include within them the influence of inspections. It was found that engineering inspections reduced the initial on-site construction error content by approximately two orders of magnitude. The models provide construction task performance information that can be incorporated into a probabilistic risk analysis of reinforced-concrete construction. © ASCE.
Stewart, MG 1993, 'Structural reliability and error control in reinforced concrete design and construction', Structural Safety, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 277-292.
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Available statistical data suggest that human error in design and construction causes a significant proportion of performance failures; namely, structural failure, cost overruns and delays. A Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) model has been developed to simulate the effect of human error on the design and construction of a reinforced concrete beam. The proposed HRA model incorporates the effect of designer checking, independent design checking, engineering inspections of construction works, and interaction between the designer and contractor. Human performance models are described for all design and construction microtasks. It was found that human error leads to a significant loss of structural safety, but that error control measures (particularly design checking) significantly reduce this loss. It was also shown that construction errors are more detrimental to structural safety and are more difficult to detect and correct. © 1993.
Voinov, AA & Zharova, NA 1993, 'HYDRO: simulation of hydrodynamics and water pollution', Environmental Software, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 209-218.
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A user-friendly package for simulations of wind-induced currents and dispersion of non-conservative pollutants in aquatic media is discussed. The hydrodynamics are modelled by a stationary shallow-water approximation of the Eckman type. The generated patterns of currents are fed into the 2-D advection-diffusion model to calculate the concentration fields of a pollutant coming with inflows or injected directly into the water body. The package runs on IBM compatible PCs with a mathcoprocessor being very desirable. The package is simple to learn. It may be useful for preliminary qualitative analysis of water pollution, as well as for education and demonstration purposes. © 1993 Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd.
Waite, TD, Amal, R, Ngo, H & Vigneswaran, S 1993, 'Effects of Adsorbed Organic Matter on Size, Structure and Filterability of Iron Oxyhydroxide Flocs', Water Science and Technology, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 133-142.
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In this study, the effects of adsorbed fulvic acid, a naturallyoccurringorganic acid, on the aggregation and filtration of hematite particles are investigated. The study of aggregate structure shows that the fractal dimensions of hematite aggregates which are partially coated with fulvic acid molecules are higher than those obtained with no adsorbed fulvic acid. The high fractal dimensions are due to restructuring within the aggregates, which only occurred at low coverage by the organic acid. In the filtration experiments, high clean filter efficiency was obtained for particles with the net charge opposite to the filter media. During ripening period, however, the particle sizesplayed a more important role than the surface chargesParticles of a micron size seemed to have less capture efficiency during this period, since they are controlled neither by diffusion nor interception.
YING, MS 1993, 'A NEW APPROACH FOR FUZZY TOPOLOGY .3.', FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 193-207.
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The concepts of fuzzy continuity, product and quotient spaces are presented, and their fundamental properties are obtained in fuzzifying topology.
YING, MS 1993, 'COMPACTNESS IN FUZZIFYING TOPOLOGY', FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 79-92.
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We introduce the concept of compactness and establish a generalization of Tychonoff's theorem in the framework of fuzzifying topology.
YING, MS 1993, 'FUZZIFYING TOPOLOGY BASED ON COMPLETE RESIDUATED LATTICE-VALUED LOGIC .1.', FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 337-373.
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We greatly extend fuzzifying topology by introducing a unary fuzzy predicate interpreted as the property to be fuzzifying topological spaces on the class of all so-called fuzzifying pretopological spaces and by adopting the semantic method of complete re
YING, MS 1993, 'FUZZIFYING UNIFORM-SPACES', FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 93-104.
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We introduce the concept of fuzzifying uniform spaces in the framework of fuzzifying topology and establish some fundamental properties of fuzzifying uniform spaces.
Zhou, JL & Banks, CJ 1993, 'Mechanism of humic acid colour removal from natural waters by fungal biomass biosorption', Chemosphere, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 607-620.
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ZHU, JG & RAMSDEN, VS 1993, '2-DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENT OF MAGNETIC-FIELD AND CORE LOSS USING A SQUARE SPECIMEN TESTER', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 2995-2997.
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To improve the precision of two dimensional magnetic field measurement in a single sheet square specimen core loss measuring system, a novel sandwich arrangement of magnetic field sensing coils is proposed. The losses are calculated from the measured mag
ZHU, JG, HUI, SYR & RAMSDEN, VS 1993, 'DISCRETE MODELING OF MAGNETIC CORES INCLUDING HYSTERESIS EDDY-CURRENT AND ANOMALOUS LOSSES', IEE PROCEEDINGS-A-SCIENCE MEASUREMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 140, no. 4, pp. 317-322.
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A discrete dynamic model of a magnetic core including hysteresis, eddy current and anomalous losses is proposed. It is suitable for thin laminations and features a simple formulation and fast calculation. The calculations and measurements of an annular r
ZIOLKOWSKI, RW 1993, 'Full-wave vector Maxwell equation modeling of the self-focusing of ultrashort optical pulses in a nonlinear Kerr madium exhibiting a finite response time', J. Opt. Am. B., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 186-198.
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ZIOLKOWSKI, RW 1993, 'PROPERTIES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC BEAMS GENERATED BY ULTRA-WIDE BANDWIDTH PULSE-DRIVEN ARRAYS - REPLY', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 520-522.
Ziolkowski, RW & Judkins, JB 1993, 'Applications of the nonlinear finite difference time domain (NL-FDTD) method to pulse propagation in nonlinear media: Self-focusing and linear-nonlinear interfaces', Radio Science, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 901-911.
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Ziolkowski, RW, Besieris, IM & Shaarawi, AM 1993, 'Aperture realizations of exact solutions to homogeneous-wave equations', Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 75-75.
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Aubrey, T & White, P 1970, 'Comparison of switched pattern diversity antennas', IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, pp. 89-92.
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Switched pattern diversity reception is implemented by using antenna elements with different directional radiation patterns and switching the receiver to the element providing the best output. The use of pattern diversity can improve system performance. We simulate the performance of various ideal pattern diversity antennas. The results are compared with an ideal omni-directional antenna and with energy density antennas. Significant improvements are shown for diversity antennas in multi-path environments characterized by Rayleigh and Rician amplitude distributions.
BAWEJA, D, ROPER, H, GUIRGUIS, S & SIRIVIVATNANON, V 1970, 'MEASUREMENT OF CORROSION OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT UNDER HIGH CHLORIDE CONDITIONS', FLY ASH, SILICA FUME, SLAG, AND NATURAL POZZOLANS IN CONCRETE, VOLS 1 AND 2, 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON FLY ASH, SILICA FUME, SLAG, AND NATURAL POZZOLANS IN CONCRETE, AMER CONCRETE INST, ISTANBUL, TURKEY, pp. 1543-1563.
Bernasch, J 1970, '<title>Visual attention control in image sequences using multiple knowledge sources</title>', SPIE Proceedings, IS&T/SPIE's Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, SPIE.
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Bone, DJ 1970, '<title>Adaptive color-printer modeling using regularized linear splines</title>', Device-Independent Color Imaging and Imaging Systems Integration, IS&T/SPIE's Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, SPIE, pp. 104-115.
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© 1993 SPIE. All rights reserved. The characterisation of a highly non-linear color print device can involve a large number of measurements of printed color output. If the measurement process is not automated this can be a significant fraction of the cost of developing a color model for a device. One way to limit the number of measurements required is to ensure that in any given region, only enough measurements are made to adequately characterise the local behaviour. With no prior knowledge of the behaviour, this requires an adaptive approach to the sampling. An adaptive sampling technique developed for this work, termed Model Accuracy Moderated Adaptive Sampling (MAMAS), is described. Simulation tests with and without measurement noise are presented and the results are compared to measurements using uniform regular sampling. The technique is also applied to a real printer, the Canon CLC500, for which some results are presented. The color model used for the print device is based on an interpolated look up table (ILUT). Because of the highly non-linear nature of the device being modeled a flexible technique is required to translate the irregular measurement samples into a regularly gridded model. A method based on a regularized linear spline was developed. Appropriate choice of the penalty function for the regularization can achieve a compromise between fitting the measured points and reducing the impact of measurement noise. A brief overview of the technique is presented.
Bone, DJ 1970, '<title>Adaptive multidimensional interpolation using regularized linear splines</title>', SPIE Proceedings, IS&T/SPIE's Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, SPIE, SAN JOSE, CA, pp. 243-253.
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BRISCOE, BJ, STUART, BH & THOMAS, PS 1970, 'SOLVENT-INDUCED MORPHOLOGICAL-CHANGES TO POLYCARBONATE', POLYMER/INORGANIC INTERFACES, Materials Research Society, San Francisco, pp. 185-190.
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Brookes, W & Indulska, J 1970, 'An ODP-based approach to overcoming heterogeneity in wide area networks', Proceedings of IEEE Singapore International Conference on Networks/International Conference on Information Engineering '93, IEEE Singapore International Conference on Networks/International Conference on Information Engineering '93, IEEE, SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE, pp. 680-684.
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Chee, YJ & Berton, SK 1970, 'High efficiency zone plate reflector incorporating printed resonators', IEE Conference Publication, 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, INST ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, HERIOT WATT UNIV, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND, pp. 620-622.
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A novel phase correcting zone plate reflector with a single layer metallic printing is presented. By using reflective phase shifters consisting of printed resonators, the new reflector antenna achieved 65% aperture phase efficiency. Compared with the conventional phase reversing zone plate reflector, an average of 2dB gain increase and a IIdB sidelobe reduction have been obtained in the operating band. The new reflector showed much narrower main beam.
Chung, W-Y, Waldron, KJ & Ishii, K 1970, 'Development and Test of a Dynamic Disengagement Device', SAE Technical Paper Series, International Congress & Exposition, SAE International.
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Postcrash fires are a frequent cause of death in otherwise survivable automobile and aircraft accidents. The idea of the ICED (Internal Circuit Emergency Disconnect) battery [1] is to eliminate electrically ignited postcrash fires by means of an inertial interrupt device that will disconnect the active circuit at the battery if an accident should happen. The design of the prototypes that were tested and the analysis of the disengagement performance will be discussed. A ballistic pendulum impact test rig was designed and used to test the prototypes. The test results and analytical values were shown to be satisfactorily close to each other.Copyright © 1993 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
DAY, RO, NGUYEN, T & WILLIAMS, KM 1970, 'TENOXICAM DOSE CONCENTRATION RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP IN RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS (RA)', CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC, pp. 152-152.
Fedaoui, L, Gay, V & Horlait, E 1970, 'QoS management of ODP-based distributed multimedia applications', Proceedings ISAD 93: International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems, ISAD 93: International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems, IEE Comput. Soc. Press, pp. 239-245.
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© 1993 IEEE. The objective of this study is to try to answer the question of how to manage quality of service (QoS) in open-distributed processing (ODP)-based distributed multimedia applications. To reach this goal, an overview of the basic characteristics of distributed multimedia applications is given. Their QoS constraints are then specified in the ODP framework of abstraction. The role and the position of QoS management in ODP are shown by a joint editing sample.
Guo, Y & Yang, J 1970, 'Application of Sinusoidal Windings in Synchronous Machines', Proceedings of Hubei Electrotechnical Society Annual Meeting (Hubei Dianguo Jishu Xiehui Nianhui), Hubei Electrotechnical Society, Yichang, China, pp. 1-6.
Lin, CT & Lee, CSG 1970, 'Reinforcement structure/parameter learning for neural-network-based fuzzy logic control systems', 1993 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, pp. 88-93.
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This paper proposes a Reinforcement Neural-Network-Based Fuzzy Logic Control System (RNN-FLCS) for solving various reinforcement learning problems. The proposed RNN-FLCS is best applied to learning environments where obtaining exact training data is expensive. It is constructed by integrating two Neural-Network-Based Fuzzy Logic Controllers (NN-FLCs), each of which is a connectionist model with a feedforward multi-layered network developed for the realization of a fuzzy logic controller. One NN-FLC functions as a fuzzy predictor and the other as a fuzzy controller. Using the temporal difference prediction method, the fuzzy predictor can predict the external reinforcement signal and provide a more informative internal reinforcement signal to the fuzzy controller. The fuzzy controller performs a stochastic exploratory algorithm to adapt itself according to the internal reinforcement signal. During the learning process, the proposed RNN-FLCS can construct a fuzzy logic control system automatically and dynamically through a reward-penalty signal or through very simple fuzzy information feedback; both structure learning and parameter learning are performed simultaneously in the two NN-FLCs using the fuzzy similarity measure. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance and applicability of the proposed RNN-FLCS.
Lister, R 1970, 'Annealing networks and fractal landscapes', IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, pp. 257-262.
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©1993 IEEE. The conventional explanation for the poor scaling of Hopfield and Tank networks is that they have difficulty in balancing the trade-off between the path length and the legality components of the energy function. We first describe an experiment which suggests that the conventional explanation is either wrong, or at best incomplete. We propose an alternative explanation: these networks might scale better if their dynamics effectively implemented a "divide-and-conquer" strategy. That is, if they recursively decomposed the problem into smaller independent sub-problems. An annealing network can do so if the energy landscape has a self-similar "quasi-fractal" structure. We believe this proposition applies to both discrete and analog networks. We support our proposition by describing our work on finding low cost solutions for traveling salesman problems. We then consider the implications for two other optimization problems: graph bisection and coloring.
Lister, R 1970, 'Visualizing weight dynamics in the N-2-N encoder', IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, pp. 684-689.
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© 1993 IEEE. Kruglyak proved that sets of weights exist so that Multi-Layer Perceptrons can solve arbitrarily large N-2-N encoder problems. We extend Kruglyak's static geometric construction to give a way of visualizing weights dynamics during learning. This visualization provides insight as to why Back Propagation has difficulty in finding suitable N-2-N encoder weights for N>8. We believe this new insight has general consequences, relating to the danger of utilizing intermediate activity values in hidden units, and difficulties with finding solutions for tightly constrained (but not necessarily large) problems.
LONG, C, COHEN, GL, LANGTRY, T & SHANNON, AG 1970, 'ARITHMETIC SEQUENCES AND 2ND-ORDER RECURRENCES', APPLICATIONS OF FIBONACCI NUMBERS, VOL 5, 5th International Conference on Fibonacci Numbers and Their Applications, KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, UNIV ST ANDREWS, ST. ANDREWS, SCOTLAND, pp. 449-457.
PEDDIE, AJ, BALL, JE & AUSTR, IE 1970, 'REAL-TIME FLOOD FORECASTING FOR THE UPPER PARRAMATTA RIVER', HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES SYMPOSIUM - TOWARDS THE 21ST CENTURY, Engineering for Hydrology and Water Resources Conference 1993: Looking Towards the 21st-Century, INST ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA, NEWCASTLE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 405-410.
Piccardi, M, De Stefano, L, Cucchiara, R & Cinotti, TS 1970, 'Processing of variable size images on a cellular array: Performance analysis with the Abingdon Cross Benchmark', Proceedings of International Conference on Application Specific Array Processors (ASAP '93), International Conference on Application Specific Array Processors (ASAP '93), IEEE Comput. Soc. Press, pp. 172-175.
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© 1993 IEEE. Handling a continuous flow of variable size images is a requirement for real time computer vision machines. A modular system based on a small size SIMD cellular array of 1-bit processing elements has been developed with this goal in mind and it is now evaluated against the Abingdon Cross Benchmark specifications. The benchmark tests the combination of algorithms and architecture and generates a quality factor expressed as the ratio of the image lateral size and the processing time. The examined machine supports an efficient means to automatically partition, process and reconstruct images larger than the array size. The authors briefly describe the system, discuss the selected algorithms and present performance results and estimates for several system configurations.
PRASAD, MRS, NAGARAJA, HV, UDUPA, AH & JOSHI, SK 1970, 'SIMULATION MODELLING OF SWITCHING SYSTEMS', IEEE SINGAPORE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKS/INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION ENGINEERING '93 - THEME: COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS FOR THE YEAR 2000, VOLS 1 AND 2, IEEE Singapore International Conference on Networks/International Conference on Information Engineering 93 - Communications and Networks for the Year 2000, I E E E, SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE, pp. 837-841.
QI, JC, MORRISON, NA, KELLY, PJ, CROFTS, L, NGUYEN, TV, SAMBROOK, PN, TOKITA, A & EISMAN, JA 1970, 'VITAMIN-D RECEPTOR ALLELES AND PREDICTION OF BONE-MINERAL DENSITY', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC, pp. S131-S131.
Stuchly, MA & Esselle, KP 1970, 'Cylindrical model for magnetic field stimulation of neurons', Proceedings of Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, IEEE, pp. 1295-1298.
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© 1993 IEEE. Pulses of a strong magnetic field are used to stimulate motor nerves in order to diagnose various neurological disorders. Analyses of induced electric fields in tissue are important in localizing and focusing the stimulation and in optimization of coils used to produce the magnetic field. A method of analysis and results of coil optimization are presented for a homogeneous cylindrical volume conductor representing an arm.
Tuan, HD 1970, 'Local controllability problems for implicit discrete inclusions with state constraints', Proceedings of 32nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 32nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, SAN ANTONIO, TX, pp. 3317-3318.
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van de Groenendaal, JG & Braun, RM 1970, 'Rural communications in multi-path channels: Spread spectrum applications', 1993 IEEE South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, 1993 IEEE South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, IEEE, pp. 167-172.
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© 1993 IEEE. All radio communications occur in channels that have definite multipath characteristics. Two effects that are predominant in such a model, depending on the delay relative to the bit period, are Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) and fading. In this paper ISI is investigated in greater detail and the theoretical error performance for BPSK in a multi-path channel is derived. It is also shown how spread spectrum improves the error performance of BPSK without a "rake" receiver in such an environment and the selection of parameters of spread spectrum to maximize error performance is briefly discussed.
VERBIK, DJ, JACKSON, JD, PIRRUCCELLO, SJ, PATIL, KD, KESSINGER, A & JOSHI, SS 1970, 'CHARACTERIZATION OF GM-CSF MOBILIZED HUMAN PERIPHERAL-BLOOD STEM-CELL HARVESTS OBTAINED FROM CONSECUTIVE COLLECTIONS', BLOOD, W B SAUNDERS CO, pp. A654-A654.
ZHU, JG, HUI, SYR, RAMSDEN, VS & IEEE 1970, 'A DYNAMIC EQUIVALENT-CIRCUIT MODEL FOR SOLID MAGNETIC CORES', PESC 93 RECORD - 24TH ANNUAL IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, 24th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, I E E E, UNIV WASHINGTON, COLL ENGN, SEATTLE, WA, pp. 1111-1115.
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Ziolkowski, RW 1970, 'Ultra-Wide Bandwidth, Multi-Derivative Electromagnetic Systems', ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS, 2nd WRI International Conference on Ultra-Wideband Short-Pulse Electromagnetics, Springer US, POLYTECH UNIV, BROOKLYN, NY, pp. 251-258.
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Ziolkowski, RW & Judkins, JB 1970, 'Linear-Nonlinear Interfaces: Results from Full-Wave, Vector Maxwell Equation NL-FDTD Simulations', Integrated Photonics Research, Integrated Photonics Research, OSA.
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Ziolkowski, RW & Judkins, JB 1970, 'Linear-Nonlinear Interfaces: Results from Full-Wave, Vector Maxwell Equation NL-FDTD Simulations', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, pp. 128-131.
Ziolkowski, RW & Judkins, JB 1970, 'NL-FDTD Modeling of Linear and Nonlinear Corrugated Waveguidess', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, pp. 153-156.
