Ball, JE 1993, 'Review of Urban Stormwater Hydrology by A. Osman Akan', Hydrological Sciences Journal, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 571-572.
BAWEJA, D, ROPER, H & SIRIVIVATNANON, V 1993, 'RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ANODIC POLARIZATION AND CORROSION OF STEEL IN CONCRETE', CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1418-1430.
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BOLAN, NS, HEDLEY, MJ & LOGANATHAN, P 1993, 'PREPARATION, FORMS AND PROPERTIES OF CONTROLLED-RELEASE PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS', FERTILIZER RESEARCH, vol. 35, no. 1-2, pp. 13-24.
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Controlled-release phosphate fertilizers include phosphate rocks (PRs) for direct application, partially acidulated phosphate rocks (PAPRs) and thermal phosphates. Phosphate rocks contain apatite as the main P containing mineral, the composition and the chemical nature of which vary between PRs. Based on the solubility in chemical extractants PRs are broadly grouped into 'reactive' and 'unreactive'. The 'reactivity' of PRs is influenced strongly by the extent of carbonate substitution for phosphate in the apatite minerals. Under certain soil and climatic conditions reactive PRs (RPRs) can be used as a source of P for direct application. Partially acidulated phosphate rocks (PAPRs) are produced either by direct partial acidulation of PRs with mineral acids or by mixing PRs with fully acidulated superphosphate reaction mixtures. Partial acidulation of PRs with H3PO4 generally results in higher water soluble P contents than those acidulated with H2SO4. Mixing of RPRs with superphosphate reaction mixtures sometimes results in the preferential consumption of free acid and thereby increases the amounts of residual unreacted PRs. Thermal phosphates are produced by either heating PRs below melting point both in the presence and the absence of silica (calcined phosphates) or heating PRs with silica above melting point (fused phosphate). These phosphates are alkaline in nature and hence suitable for acidic soils. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Candy, L, O'Brien, SM & Edmonds, EA 1993, 'End-user manipulation of a knowledge-based system: a study of an expert's practice', International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 129-145.
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NA
Cao, HT, Bucea, L & Sirivivatnanon, V 1993, 'Corrosion rates of steel embedded in cement pastes', Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1273-1282.
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Dynamic polarization techniques were used to estimate the corrosion rates of steel embedded in cement paste made with different binder systems. A corrosion model is proposed. The corrosion rates were determined by employing the Evans diagrams constructed from cathodic polarization curve of steel embedded in chloride free cement paste and anodic polarization curve of steel embedded in cement pastes containing chloride. Within the limitations of the adopted experimental conditions and sample configuration, the preliminary results indicate that corrosion rates of steel embedded in blended cement pastes generally fall within the range shown by steel embedded in portland cement pastes. © 1993.
Catchpoole, DR & Stewart, BW 1993, 'Etoposide-induced cytotoxicity in two human T-cell leukemic lines: delayed loss of membrane permeability rather than DNA fragmentation as an indicator of programmed cell death.', Cancer Res, vol. 53, no. 18, pp. 4287-4296.
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Features of the apoptotic response evident in glucocorticoid-treated thymocytes are not uniformly observed in cell lines exposed to anticancer drugs. The significance of such variation has been assessed by monitoring molecular and cellular processes induced by etoposide (VP-16) in the human lymphoblastoid T-cell lines CCRF-CEM (CEM) and MOLT-4 contrasted, where appropriate, with those induced by necrotizing injury. Cytotoxic concentrations of the drug were determined to be 5-100 microM on the basis of tetrazolium reduction assay. The two lines were equally sensitive to VP-16; no difference in concentration of drug which inhibited cell growth by 50% with respect to control (i.e., drug free) cultures was apparent irrespective of exposure times from 3-72 h. DNA strand breaks were evident in both populations within 3 h of exposure to VP-16. Morphological change, assessed microscopically, involving nuclear condensation and cell shrinkage was qualitatively and quantitatively similar in VP-16-treated CEM and MOLT-4 cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that the G2/M fraction of the randomly dividing MOLT-4 population was approximately one-third that of CEM cells, but each line exhibited a decrease in this fraction 3-6 h after treatment. Despite these similarities, marked differences in the response to VP-16 were evident in the two populations. Internucleosomal fragmentation, detected electrophoretically 3 h after treatment in DNA isolated from CEM cells, was not detected under any condition in MOLT-4 DNA. Apoptotic bodies, also evident within 3 h of VP-16 treatment of CEM cells, were not readily apparent in MOLT-4 cells under the same conditions. Treatment causing necrosis resulted in trypan blue uptake within 1 h in a similar high proportion of cells from both lines. Exposure to VP-16 resulted in such a loss of membrane integrity by 6 h in CEM cells, while change in this parameter occurred only after 24 h in the case of MOLT-4 cells. The findings indicate a wide sc...
Chiemchaisri, C, Yamamoto, K & Vigneswaran, S 1993, 'Household Membrane Bioreactor in Domestic Wastewater Treatment', Water Science and Technology, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 171-178.
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The activated sludge process coupled with hollow fiber membrane for solid-liquid separation was applied to treat low strength domestic wastewater.
Pilot-scale experimental unit used in this study consisted of 2 modules of 0.03 μm pore size with 9 m2 surface area each, immersed in the reactor which has a maximum working volume of 1.5 m3. Even when sewage was fed at varying rates following its diurnal flow variation to the bioreactor, good stability of the process was achieved which was shown by the consistency in treated water quality. The effluent turbidity and COD were well within the limits (less than 0.5 NTU and 3-5 mg/L). The transmembrane pressure drop was less than 20 cm Hg even after 2 months of operation. Application of jet aeration could be used to prolong the operational life of the membrane in the bioreactor. This system is an ideal one to be used as household wastewater treatment system.
Dajani, I, Morse, EC & Ziolkowski, RW 1993, 'Weakly nonlinear geometrical optics in plasmas', Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, vol. 64, no. 1-3, pp. 237-250.
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Dharmappa, HB, Verink, J, Fujiwara, O & Vigneswaran, S 1993, 'Optimal design of a flocculator', Water Research, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 513-519.
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An approach is presented for the least cost design of a flocculator with respect to flocculation time and velocity gradient, in order to obtain a desired effluent condition, which is measured using the negative slope of power law distribution function (β). The model proposed is a non-linear programming problem involving a non-linear constraint, which in turn comprises a verified simulation model. The case study demonstrates the existence of a relationship between design criterion and design parameters. It also shows that the optimal solution is sensitive to influent particle size distribution (PSD) and particle contact efficiency (α).
DONNELLY, R & ZIOLKOWSKI, RW 1993, 'Designing localized waves', Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, vol. 440, no. 1910, pp. 541-565.
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In this paper we re-interpret a recently introduced method for obtaining non-separable, localized solutions of homogeneous partial differential equations. This reinterpretation is in the form of a geometrical consideration of the algebraic constraint that the Fourier transforms of such solutions must satisfy in the transform domain (phase space). With this approach we link two classes of localized, non-separable solutions of the homogeneous wave equation, and examine the transform domain characteristic that determines the space-time localization properties of these classes. This characterization allows us to design classes of solutions with better localization properties. In particular, we design and discuss the properties of several novel subluminal and superluminal solutions of the homogeneous wave equation. We also design families of non-separable, localized, subluminal and superluminal solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation by using the same technique.
Eady, EA, Jones, CE, Tipper, JL, Cove, JH, Cunliffe, WJ & Layton, AM 1993, 'Antibiotic resistant propionibacteria in acne: need for policies to modify antibiotic usage.', BMJ, vol. 306, no. 6877, pp. 555-556.
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Eady, EA, Ross, JI, Tipper, JL, Walters, CE, Cove, JH & Noble, WC 1993, 'Distribution of genes encoding erythromycin ribosomal methylases and an erythromycin efflux pump in epidemiologically distinct groups of staphylococci', Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 211-217.
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Guo, YJ & Barton, SK 1993, 'Fresnel zone plate reflector incorporating rings', IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 417-419.
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A novel high-efficiency Fresnel zone plate reflector antenna is presented. The reflector consists of an inhomogeneous array of circular conducting rings printed on a grounded substrate. By adjusting the geometrical parameters of the rings and the distances between them, the reflector provides a space-varying phase correction required for focusing an incoming plane wave. Compared with a phase reversal zone plate, an average of 3-dB gain improvement and significant sidelobe reduction have been obtained. © 1993 IEEE
Guo, YJ & Barton, SK 1993, 'Multilayer phase correcting fresnel zone plate reflector antennas', International Journal of Satellite Communications, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 75-80.
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Owing to its flat nature and light weight etc., the Fresnel zone plate antenna is becoming very attractive for such applications as DBS reception and receive‐only VSAT. The disadvantages of low efficiency and high sidelobes of the simple and the phase reversing zone plates can be improved by using phase correcting techniques. In this paper, a systematic investigation on the efficiency and sidelobe performance of subzone phase correcting zone plate antennas is presented. The design of a form of multilayer phase correcting zone plate reflector is described. A quarter‐wave zone plate reflector constructed with three dielectric layers and metallized rings is reported, with measured peak efficiency of 55 per cent. Copyright © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guo, YJ & Barton, SK 1993, 'On the subzone phase correction of fresnel zone plate antennas', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 6, no. 15, pp. 840-843.
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Subzone phase correction is a practical technique to produce high‐efficiency Fresnel zone plate antennas. In this article a strict theory underlying the technique is presented. A closed‐form expression of the focal field for the subzone phase correcting Fresnel zone plate (FZP) illuminated by a plane wave is given first. The subzone division and the corresponding phase correction are then optimized to produce the maximum focal field intensity. To overcome the difficulty of placing many subzone phase shifters in the narrow outer full‐wave zones, an aperiodic subzone phase correction technique is proposed. Copyright © 1993 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company
HADGRAFT, R 1993, 'Problem-based Approach to a Civil Engineering Education', European Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 301-311.
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Problem-based learning (PBL) is seen as a way of developing a rounded engineer, one who excels not only in technical accomplishments, but also in communication, teamwork, leadership, innovation and initiative. PBL develops all these skills through a process of problem solving in a resource-rich environment explored by teams of students. This paper shows how a PBL approach can be applied in the development of a new civil engineering course. It does this on a broad scale (looking at the sequence of subjects required in the degree), and on a smaller scale, to show how individual subjects could be implemented. © 1993, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Indraratna, B 1993, 'Effect of bolts on failure modes near tunnel openings in soft rock', Géotechnique, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 433-442.
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The Paper elucidates the potential failure modes around a circular tunnel opening subjected to a hydrostatic stress field. Physical models have been tested in the laboratory using a large cubical triaxial apparatus to investigate the effect of grouted bolts on failure mechanisms. Depending on the bolt density, the observed failure of a bolted tunnel can deviate significantly from the theoretical rupture surfaces (log spiral) anticipated for an unsupported circular opening. The influence of discontinuities on the rupture process near the tunnel wall is also explored. It is shown that by use of a high bolt density, the propagation of slip lines and the risk of failure close to the tunnel boundary can be minimized. The failure zone (delineating wedges) around the tunnel wall becomes smaller with increasing degree of reinforcement. L'article s'intéresse aux modes possibles de fractu-ration autour de l'ouverture circulaire d'un tunnel dans un champ de contraintes hydrostatique. Des modèles physiques ont été expérimentés en laboratoire, à l'aide d'un appareillage triaxial pour des échantillons cubiques de gros volume, afin d'étudier l'influence des boulons jointifs sur less mécanismes de fracturation. Selon la densité de boulons, la fracturation observée dans un tunnel boulonné peut s'éloigner significativement des surfaces de rupture théoriques (en spirale logarithmique) prévues pour une ouverture circulaire non soutenue. L'influence des discontinuités sur le mécanisme de rupture à proximité de la paroi du tunnel a également été étudiée. Il apparaît que, en utilisant une forte densité de boulons, l'on peut minimiser la propagation des lignes de glissement et le risque de fracturation à proximité des limites du tunnel. La zone de fracturation autour des parois du tunnel devient moins étendue si l'on augmente le degré de renforcement.
Indraratna, B & Balasubramaniam, AS 1993, 'Closure to “ Performance of Test Embankment Constructed to Failure on Soft Marine Clay ” by B. Indraratna, A. S. Balasubramaniam, and S. Balachandran (January, 1992, Vol. 118, No. 1)', Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 119, no. 8, pp. 1326-1329.
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Indraratna, B, Wijewardena, LSS & Balasubramaniam, AS 1993, 'Large-scale triaxial testing of grey wacke rockfill', Géotechnique, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 37-51.
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This Paper describes the results of a series of large-scale triaxial tests conducted on greywacke rockfill, used in dam construction in Southern Thailand. The tests are conducted at low to moderate confining stresses to relate their findings to the stability of rockfill dams. Considering the current test results in conjunction with previous laboratory data, revised failure criteria for rockfill are proposed in non-dimensional form. For both low and high confining stresses, lower and upper bounds of strength envelopes have been established, based on a wide array of granular materials. The influence of the confining stress on the shear strength of rockfill is studied in depth, and the implications of a non-linear envelope at low normal stress levels on the stability of rockfill dams are discussed. Although two parallel rockfill gradations for specimens compacted to similar porosities are considered, the exact role of particle size effect on shear strength is not examined in detail, as the difference in maximum particle sizes tested in this study is not sufficiently large. Cet article décrit les résultats d'une suite d'essais au triaxial à grande échelle réalisés sur du remblai rocheux (greywacke) utilisé pour la construction de barrages dans le sud de la Thaïlande. Ces essais sont exécutés à des pressions de cellule faibles à modérées pour rapprocher les résultats de la stabilité de barrages à enrochement. En considérant les résultats existant d'essais, en conjonction avec les données de laboratoire précédentes, des critères de rupture de l'enrochement sont proposés dans une forme sans dimensions. Pour des pressions de cellule faibles et élevées, les enveloppes basses et hautes de résistance ont été établies, basées sur un vaste ensemble de matériaux granuleux. L'influence de la pression de cellule sur la résistance au cisaillement est étudiée en profondeur et les conséquences d'une enveloppe de rupture non linéaire à containtes normales ...
INDRARATNA, B, WIJWARDENA, LSS & BALASUBRAMANIAM, AS 1993, 'LARGE-SCALE TRIAXIAL TESTING OF GREYWACKE ROCKFILL (VOL 43, PG 37, 1993)', GEOTECHNIQUE, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 506-506.
Indraratna, BN & Chowdhury, RN 1993, 'Deformation characteristics and design aspects of coal ash structures', Geotechnical managment of waste and contamination, pp. 413-418.
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Collapse of large disposal dumps under heavy rainfall and resulting mudflows have raised environmental concerns in some countries. Detailed laboratory investigations have been carried out to evaluate the construction potential of a pozzolanic fly ash, with a view to minimising the problem of its disposal. The engineering properties of pozzolanic fly ash suggest its applicability in the construction of embankments, airfields and as foundation material. The paper also presents a simple method by which the critical height of disposal tips may be determined. -Authors
Jones, RM, Candy, L & Edmonds, EA 1993, 'Knowledge-based system requirements', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 31-37.
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There is a growing demand both for greater ease of use and support in use as existing software packages are employed for more complex tasks. End users are faced with both the intricacies of the existing software, and the increasing complexity of the appl
Kelly, PJ, Nguyen, T, Hopper, J, Pocock, N, Sambrook, P & Eisman, J 1993, 'Changes in axial bone density with age: A twin study', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 11-17.
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Lal, SKL, Mihailidou, AS, Cejnar, M, Henderson, RJ, Jones, M & Hunyor, SN 1993, 'Continuous, non-invasive volume-clamp blood pressure: determinants of performance', Journal of Hypertension, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 1413-1422.
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Objective To test a prototype hydraulic, non-invasive, continuous finger blood pressure monitor based on the volume-clamp principle for procedure-related factors likely to influence precision. Design The influence of these factors was determined by repe
LOGANATHAN, P & HEDLEY, MJ 1993, 'SINGLE SUPERPHOSPHATE - REACTIVE PHOSPHATE ROCK MIXTURES .3. THE USE OF CONCENTRATION RATIOS OF ELEMENTS TO IDENTIFY THE NATURE AND AMOUNTS OF UNACIDULATED ROCK RESIDUES IN THE MIXTURES', FERTILIZER RESEARCH, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 203-210.
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Water insoluble residues (WIR) of unreactive phosphate rocks in single superphosphate-reactive phosphate rock (SSP-RPR) mixtures are considered to reduce the agronomic value of these mixtures. A technique using concentration ratios of elements to identify the quantities of WIR of ground North Carolina (NC), ground Nauru and as received NC phosphate rocks in a SSP-RPR was developed. Of 22 elements tested P/Sr ratios were found to be the only element ratios that could be used to distinguish between WIR's derived from Nauru and NC. P/Sr ratios in Nauru and NC were markedly different and provided a useful index for differentiating between the two rocks. During acidulation the P/Sr concentration ratio remained essentially constant in the WIR's from both rocks. Using the element ratio technique the percentage of total P in the SSP-RPR sample was determined to be 60-61% water soluble, 5% water insoluble Nauru, 2% water insoluble ground NC and 32-33% water insoluble as received NC. The element ratio technique developed in this study can be applied to partially acidulated P fertilizers made with rocks other than NC and Nauru provided elements which satisfy the same conditions as Sr in this study can be found. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Nguyen, T, Sambrook, P, Kelly, P, Jones, G, Lord, S, Freund, J & Eisman, J 1993, 'Prediction of osteoporotic fractures by postural instability and bone density.', BMJ, vol. 307, no. 6912, pp. 1111-1115.
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PAN, LB, LIU, PC & BAKOSS, SL 1993, 'LONG-TERM SHORTENING OF CONCRETE COLUMNS IN TALL BUILDINGS', JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE, vol. 119, no. 7, pp. 2258-2262.
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The accurate estimation of the long-term shortening of the vertical members of tall concrete buildings is often an important issue in their design. Differences in the shortening of adjacent columns or between columns and the shear core can induce significant moments and shears in connecting floor slabs or beams. The effects of such differential vertical movements have to be carefully considered where adjacent vertical members are closely spaced, carry different loads, or have different cross sections. The total shortening of concrete columns consists of the sum of the instantaneous axial deformations and the deformations induced by creep and shrinkage. The paper describes a method for the prediction of the long-term axial deformations of reinforced concrete columns of tall buildings. The method is based on the incremental superposition procedure in which the stresses due to loads and creep and shrinkage are assumed to vary discretely at selected instants of time. Predicted values are shown to be in good agreement with column shortening measured in a tall building. © ASCE.
Sambrook, P, Birmingham, J, Kelly, P, Kempler, S, Nguyen, T, Pocock, N & Eisman, J 1993, 'Prevention of corticosteroid bone loss', Osteoporosis International, vol. 3, no. S1, pp. 141-143.
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Sambrook, P, Birmingham, J, Kelly, P, Kempler, S, Nguyen, T, Pocock, N & Eisman, J 1993, 'Prevention of Corticosteroid Osteoporosis -- A Comparison of Calcium, Calcitriol, and Calcitonin', New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 328, no. 24, pp. 1747-1752.
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Sheng, D & Knutsson, S 1993, 'Sensitivity analysis of frost heave - a theoretical study', Frost in geotechnical engineering. Proc. 2nd symposium, Anchorage, 1993, pp. 3-16.
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A frost heave model based on quasi-steady state heat and water flow is presented. The model is verified against experimental results. The sensivity of computed frost heave is analyzed, which shows that, 1) the important factors affecting frost heave include overburden pressure, temperature gradient, unfrozen water content in frozen soil, and permeability of the soil; 2) increasing over-burden pressure prevents frost heave by elongating frozen fringe and increasing the space between lenses, and the effect of overburden pressure is not significant for clays; 3) decreasing temperature gradient prevents frost heave by increasing the thickness of frozen fringe and reducing ice lens thickness; 4) as the unfrozen water content increases, the computed heave first increases rapidly and then approaches a constant value at moderate and high unfrozen water content. -from Authors
Sheng, D, Axelsson, KB & Knutsson, S 1993, 'Finite element analysis for convective heat diffusion with phase change', Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol. 104, no. 1, pp. 19-30.
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Stewart, MG 1993, 'Modeling Human Performance in Reinforced Concrete Beam Construction', Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, vol. 119, no. 1, pp. 6-22.
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A significant portion of performance failures are due to human error in the construction stage of a structural engineering project. Statistical studies indicate that the construction of in-situ reinforced concrete elements is most prone to error, and that most errors are committed by contractors (either site staff or workmen). Results are reported herein of a survey investigating the error rate and error magnitude of contractor construction errors, and the frequency of engineering inspections and their influence on construction errors. The survey recipients were practicing structural engineers. Probabilistic models have been proposed for the distribution of error rates and error magnitudes, and include within them the influence of inspections. It was found that engineering inspections reduced the initial on-site construction error content by approximately two orders of magnitude. The models provide construction task performance information that can be incorporated into a probabilistic risk analysis of reinforced-concrete construction. © ASCE.
Stewart, MG 1993, 'Structural reliability and error control in reinforced concrete design and construction', Structural Safety, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 277-292.
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Available statistical data suggest that human error in design and construction causes a significant proportion of performance failures; namely, structural failure, cost overruns and delays. A Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) model has been developed to simulate the effect of human error on the design and construction of a reinforced concrete beam. The proposed HRA model incorporates the effect of designer checking, independent design checking, engineering inspections of construction works, and interaction between the designer and contractor. Human performance models are described for all design and construction microtasks. It was found that human error leads to a significant loss of structural safety, but that error control measures (particularly design checking) significantly reduce this loss. It was also shown that construction errors are more detrimental to structural safety and are more difficult to detect and correct. © 1993.
Voinov, AA & Zharova, NA 1993, 'HYDRO: simulation of hydrodynamics and water pollution', Environmental Software, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 209-218.
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A user-friendly package for simulations of wind-induced currents and dispersion of non-conservative pollutants in aquatic media is discussed. The hydrodynamics are modelled by a stationary shallow-water approximation of the Eckman type. The generated patterns of currents are fed into the 2-D advection-diffusion model to calculate the concentration fields of a pollutant coming with inflows or injected directly into the water body. The package runs on IBM compatible PCs with a mathcoprocessor being very desirable. The package is simple to learn. It may be useful for preliminary qualitative analysis of water pollution, as well as for education and demonstration purposes. © 1993 Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd.
Waite, TD, Amal, R, Ngo, H & Vigneswaran, S 1993, 'Effects of Adsorbed Organic Matter on Size, Structure and Filterability of Iron Oxyhydroxide Flocs', Water Science and Technology, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 133-142.
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In this study, the effects of adsorbed fulvic acid, a naturallyoccurringorganic acid, on the aggregation and filtration of hematite particles are investigated. The study of aggregate structure shows that the fractal dimensions of hematite aggregates which are partially coated with fulvic acid molecules are higher than those obtained with no adsorbed fulvic acid. The high fractal dimensions are due to restructuring within the aggregates, which only occurred at low coverage by the organic acid. In the filtration experiments, high clean filter efficiency was obtained for particles with the net charge opposite to the filter media. During ripening period, however, the particle sizesplayed a more important role than the surface chargesParticles of a micron size seemed to have less capture efficiency during this period, since they are controlled neither by diffusion nor interception.
WALKER, JS, ARROYO, JF, NGUYEN, T & DAY, RO 1993, 'Analgesic efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in experimental pain in humans', British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 417-425.
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YING, MS 1993, 'A NEW APPROACH FOR FUZZY TOPOLOGY .3.', FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 193-207.
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The concepts of fuzzy continuity, product and quotient spaces are presented, and their fundamental properties are obtained in fuzzifying topology.
YING, MS 1993, 'COMPACTNESS IN FUZZIFYING TOPOLOGY', FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 79-92.
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We introduce the concept of compactness and establish a generalization of Tychonoff's theorem in the framework of fuzzifying topology.
YING, MS 1993, 'FUZZIFYING TOPOLOGY BASED ON COMPLETE RESIDUATED LATTICE-VALUED LOGIC .1.', FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 337-373.
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We greatly extend fuzzifying topology by introducing a unary fuzzy predicate interpreted as the property to be fuzzifying topological spaces on the class of all so-called fuzzifying pretopological spaces and by adopting the semantic method of complete re
YING, MS 1993, 'FUZZIFYING UNIFORM-SPACES', FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 93-104.
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We introduce the concept of fuzzifying uniform spaces in the framework of fuzzifying topology and establish some fundamental properties of fuzzifying uniform spaces.
Zhou, JL & Banks, CJ 1993, 'Mechanism of humic acid colour removal from natural waters by fungal biomass biosorption', Chemosphere, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 607-620.
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Zhou, W 1993, 'The design and implementation of a distributed program monitor', Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 63-77.
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One of the reasons that debugging distributed programs is much more difficult than sequential programs is the communication among processes. The ability to provide for communication events (as well as other events) as they happen during program execution is fundamental to any debugging tool. Most articles about distributed debugging and monitoring are message passing oriented. As the remote procedure call (RPC) method becomes more popular, the need to debug RPC-oriented programs increases. This article presents the design and prelimnary implementation of an RPC-oriented program monitor that can record all events of an RPC-oriented program's execution in the monitor's data base. Facilities are provided for programmers to define, choose, and combine events that will be recorded. Partial ordering among events is built after the program's execution. A user can use this relation to trace and replay the program's execution. The monitor has been tested on networks consisting of Apollo/Sun/Digital Equipment workstations. © 1993.
ZHU, JG & RAMSDEN, VS 1993, '2-DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENT OF MAGNETIC-FIELD AND CORE LOSS USING A SQUARE SPECIMEN TESTER', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 2995-2997.
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To improve the precision of two dimensional magnetic field measurement in a single sheet square specimen core loss measuring system, a novel sandwich arrangement of magnetic field sensing coils is proposed. The losses are calculated from the measured mag
ZHU, JG, HUI, SYR & RAMSDEN, VS 1993, 'DISCRETE MODELING OF MAGNETIC CORES INCLUDING HYSTERESIS EDDY-CURRENT AND ANOMALOUS LOSSES', IEE PROCEEDINGS-A-SCIENCE MEASUREMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 140, no. 4, pp. 317-322.
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A discrete dynamic model of a magnetic core including hysteresis, eddy current and anomalous losses is proposed. It is suitable for thin laminations and features a simple formulation and fast calculation. The calculations and measurements of an annular r
ZIOLKOWSKI, RW 1993, 'Full-wave vector Maxwell equation modeling of the self-focusing of ultrashort optical pulses in a nonlinear Kerr madium exhibiting a finite response time', J. Opt. Am. B., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 186-198.
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ZIOLKOWSKI, RW 1993, 'PROPERTIES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC BEAMS GENERATED BY ULTRA-WIDE BANDWIDTH PULSE-DRIVEN ARRAYS - REPLY', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 520-522.
Ziolkowski, RW & Judkins, JB 1993, 'Applications of the nonlinear finite difference time domain (NL-FDTD) method to pulse propagation in nonlinear media: Self-focusing and linear-nonlinear interfaces', Radio Science, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 901-911.
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Ziolkowski, RW, Besieris, IM & Shaarawi, AM 1993, 'Aperture realizations of exact solutions to homogeneous-wave equations', Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 75-75.
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Aubrey, T & White, P 1970, 'Comparison of switched pattern diversity antennas', IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, pp. 89-92.
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Switched pattern diversity reception is implemented by using antenna elements with different directional radiation patterns and switching the receiver to the element providing the best output. The use of pattern diversity can improve system performance. We simulate the performance of various ideal pattern diversity antennas. The results are compared with an ideal omni-directional antenna and with energy density antennas. Significant improvements are shown for diversity antennas in multi-path environments characterized by Rayleigh and Rician amplitude distributions.
BAWEJA, D, ROPER, H, GUIRGUIS, S & SIRIVIVATNANON, V 1970, 'MEASUREMENT OF CORROSION OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT UNDER HIGH CHLORIDE CONDITIONS', FLY ASH, SILICA FUME, SLAG, AND NATURAL POZZOLANS IN CONCRETE, VOLS 1 AND 2, 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON FLY ASH, SILICA FUME, SLAG, AND NATURAL POZZOLANS IN CONCRETE, AMER CONCRETE INST, ISTANBUL, TURKEY, pp. 1543-1563.
Bernasch, J 1970, '<title>Visual attention control in image sequences using multiple knowledge sources</title>', SPIE Proceedings, IS&T/SPIE's Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, SPIE.
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Bone, DJ 1970, '<title>Adaptive color-printer modeling using regularized linear splines</title>', Device-Independent Color Imaging and Imaging Systems Integration, IS&T/SPIE's Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, SPIE, pp. 104-115.
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© 1993 SPIE. All rights reserved. The characterisation of a highly non-linear color print device can involve a large number of measurements of printed color output. If the measurement process is not automated this can be a significant fraction of the cost of developing a color model for a device. One way to limit the number of measurements required is to ensure that in any given region, only enough measurements are made to adequately characterise the local behaviour. With no prior knowledge of the behaviour, this requires an adaptive approach to the sampling. An adaptive sampling technique developed for this work, termed Model Accuracy Moderated Adaptive Sampling (MAMAS), is described. Simulation tests with and without measurement noise are presented and the results are compared to measurements using uniform regular sampling. The technique is also applied to a real printer, the Canon CLC500, for which some results are presented. The color model used for the print device is based on an interpolated look up table (ILUT). Because of the highly non-linear nature of the device being modeled a flexible technique is required to translate the irregular measurement samples into a regularly gridded model. A method based on a regularized linear spline was developed. Appropriate choice of the penalty function for the regularization can achieve a compromise between fitting the measured points and reducing the impact of measurement noise. A brief overview of the technique is presented.
Bone, DJ 1970, '<title>Adaptive multidimensional interpolation using regularized linear splines</title>', SPIE Proceedings, IS&T/SPIE's Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, SPIE, SAN JOSE, CA, pp. 243-253.
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BRISCOE, BJ, STUART, BH & THOMAS, PS 1970, 'SOLVENT-INDUCED MORPHOLOGICAL-CHANGES TO POLYCARBONATE', POLYMER/INORGANIC INTERFACES, Materials Research Society, San Francisco, pp. 185-190.
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Brookes, W & Indulska, J 1970, 'An ODP-based approach to overcoming heterogeneity in wide area networks', Proceedings of IEEE Singapore International Conference on Networks/International Conference on Information Engineering '93, IEEE Singapore International Conference on Networks/International Conference on Information Engineering '93, IEEE, SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE, pp. 680-684.
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Chee, YJ & Berton, SK 1970, 'High efficiency zone plate reflector incorporating printed resonators', IEE Conference Publication, 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, INST ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, HERIOT WATT UNIV, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND, pp. 620-622.
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A novel phase correcting zone plate reflector with a single layer metallic printing is presented. By using reflective phase shifters consisting of printed resonators, the new reflector antenna achieved 65% aperture phase efficiency. Compared with the conventional phase reversing zone plate reflector, an average of 2dB gain increase and a IIdB sidelobe reduction have been obtained in the operating band. The new reflector showed much narrower main beam.
DAY, RO, NGUYEN, T & WILLIAMS, KM 1970, 'TENOXICAM DOSE CONCENTRATION RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP IN RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS (RA)', CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC, pp. 152-152.
EAGER, DM, WILLIAMSON, HM, LAI, JCS & HARRAP, MJ 1970, 'A PRELIMINARY NOISE STUDY OF AN EXPANDED-METAL PRESS', INTER-NOISE 93 - PEOPLE VERSUS NOISE, VOLS 1-3, 1993 International Congress on Noise Control Engineering (Inter-Noise 93) - People Versus Noise, KONINKLIJKE VLAAMSE INGENIEURS VERENIGING, LEUVEN, BELGIUM, pp. 1429-1432.
Fedaoui, L, Gay, V & Horlait, E 1970, 'QoS management of ODP-based distributed multimedia applications', Proceedings ISAD 93: International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems, ISAD 93: International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems, IEE Comput. Soc. Press, pp. 239-245.
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© 1993 IEEE. The objective of this study is to try to answer the question of how to manage quality of service (QoS) in open-distributed processing (ODP)-based distributed multimedia applications. To reach this goal, an overview of the basic characteristics of distributed multimedia applications is given. Their QoS constraints are then specified in the ODP framework of abstraction. The role and the position of QoS management in ODP are shown by a joint editing sample.
Guo, Y & Yang, J 1970, 'Application of Sinusoidal Windings in Synchronous Machines', Proceedings of Hubei Electrotechnical Society Annual Meeting (Hubei Dianguo Jishu Xiehui Nianhui), Hubei Electrotechnical Society, Yichang, China, pp. 1-6.
Hadgraft, R, Kendall, M & Lau, A 1970, 'New software, new solutions', National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia, pp. 265-270.
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Much existing engineering software has been written in Fortran (or similar third generation programming languages such as C and Pascal), and much new software is based on these types of tools. While it is true that many (perhaps most) engineers are never required to write substantial computer programs, many will have a need to develop occasional, specific solutions to problems that they face. We need to make ourselves as productive as possible, and using traditional programming tools is not the way to solve these problems. This paper surveys a growing body of end user oriented development tools, and shows, by example, how they can be applied in development of engineering software. These tools are characterised by offering inherent user friendliness in a windowed environment, providing the user with menus, dialog boxes and graphical output. They have the added advantage that they can be combined within an environment such as Microsoft Windows to create a workbench of tools which work in a similar way. When combined with the hypertext help built into Windows, we can provide ourselves and our colleagues with applications with considerable in-built help and tutorial assistance.
HOWARD, G, KELLY, P, MORRISON, N, TOKITA, A, WATANABE, T, SAMBROOK, P, NGUYEN, T & EISMAN, J 1970, 'FUNCTIONAL-SIGNIFICANCE OF VITAMIN-D RECEPTOR ALLELES - RESPONSE OF BONE TURNOVER INDEXES TO CALCITRIOL STIMULATION', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC, pp. S134-S134.
JONES, G, NGUYEN, T, SAMBROOK, P & EISMAN, JA 1970, 'THIAZIDE DIURETICS AND OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURE - CAN METAANALYSIS HELP', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC, pp. S337-S337.
Lin, CT & Lee, CSG 1970, 'Reinforcement structure/parameter learning for neural-network-based fuzzy logic control systems', 1993 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, pp. 88-93.
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This paper proposes a Reinforcement Neural-Network-Based Fuzzy Logic Control System (RNN-FLCS) for solving various reinforcement learning problems. The proposed RNN-FLCS is best applied to learning environments where obtaining exact training data is expensive. It is constructed by integrating two Neural-Network-Based Fuzzy Logic Controllers (NN-FLCs), each of which is a connectionist model with a feedforward multi-layered network developed for the realization of a fuzzy logic controller. One NN-FLC functions as a fuzzy predictor and the other as a fuzzy controller. Using the temporal difference prediction method, the fuzzy predictor can predict the external reinforcement signal and provide a more informative internal reinforcement signal to the fuzzy controller. The fuzzy controller performs a stochastic exploratory algorithm to adapt itself according to the internal reinforcement signal. During the learning process, the proposed RNN-FLCS can construct a fuzzy logic control system automatically and dynamically through a reward-penalty signal or through very simple fuzzy information feedback; both structure learning and parameter learning are performed simultaneously in the two NN-FLCs using the fuzzy similarity measure. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance and applicability of the proposed RNN-FLCS.
Lister, R 1970, 'Annealing networks and fractal landscapes', IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, pp. 257-262.
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©1993 IEEE. The conventional explanation for the poor scaling of Hopfield and Tank networks is that they have difficulty in balancing the trade-off between the path length and the legality components of the energy function. We first describe an experiment which suggests that the conventional explanation is either wrong, or at best incomplete. We propose an alternative explanation: these networks might scale better if their dynamics effectively implemented a "divide-and-conquer" strategy. That is, if they recursively decomposed the problem into smaller independent sub-problems. An annealing network can do so if the energy landscape has a self-similar "quasi-fractal" structure. We believe this proposition applies to both discrete and analog networks. We support our proposition by describing our work on finding low cost solutions for traveling salesman problems. We then consider the implications for two other optimization problems: graph bisection and coloring.
Lister, R 1970, 'Visualizing weight dynamics in the N-2-N encoder', IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, pp. 684-689.
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© 1993 IEEE. Kruglyak proved that sets of weights exist so that Multi-Layer Perceptrons can solve arbitrarily large N-2-N encoder problems. We extend Kruglyak's static geometric construction to give a way of visualizing weights dynamics during learning. This visualization provides insight as to why Back Propagation has difficulty in finding suitable N-2-N encoder weights for N>8. We believe this new insight has general consequences, relating to the danger of utilizing intermediate activity values in hidden units, and difficulties with finding solutions for tightly constrained (but not necessarily large) problems.
Lister, R, Bakker, P & Wiles, J 1970, 'Error signals, exceptions, and back propagation', Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 573-576.
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We introduce a new error function for Back Propagation. The function is designed for binary decision problems in which there are a large number of regular training patterns and a small number of exceptional patterns. We identify three factors that cause the standard quadratic error function to be poorly suited to such problems. We also show that existing alternative error functions, such as Cross Entropy and Quickprop's error function, do not address all three factors. The principal novelty of our error function is that, as the discrepancy between an output unit's target value and its actual value approaches extreme values, the associated error signal approaches infinity. Simulation results show that this error function learns the N-2-N encoder, a classic exception task, faster and more reliably than the above error functions.
NGUYEN, TV, KELLY, PJ, SAMBROOK, PN, GILBERT, C, POCOCK, NA & EISMAN, JA 1970, 'INTERACTION OF LIFE-STYLE FACTORS AND BONE-DENSITY IN THE ELDERLY - IMPLICATIONS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS PREVENTION', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC, pp. S356-S356.
Piccardi, M, De Stefano, L, Cucchiara, R & Cinotti, TS 1970, 'Processing of variable size images on a cellular array: Performance analysis with the Abingdon Cross Benchmark', Proceedings of International Conference on Application Specific Array Processors (ASAP '93), International Conference on Application Specific Array Processors (ASAP '93), IEEE Comput. Soc. Press, pp. 172-175.
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© 1993 IEEE. Handling a continuous flow of variable size images is a requirement for real time computer vision machines. A modular system based on a small size SIMD cellular array of 1-bit processing elements has been developed with this goal in mind and it is now evaluated against the Abingdon Cross Benchmark specifications. The benchmark tests the combination of algorithms and architecture and generates a quality factor expressed as the ratio of the image lateral size and the processing time. The examined machine supports an efficient means to automatically partition, process and reconstruct images larger than the array size. The authors briefly describe the system, discuss the selected algorithms and present performance results and estimates for several system configurations.
QI, JC, MORRISON, NA, KELLY, PJ, CROFTS, L, NGUYEN, TV, SAMBROOK, PN, TOKITA, A & EISMAN, JA 1970, 'VITAMIN-D RECEPTOR ALLELES AND PREDICTION OF BONE-MINERAL DENSITY', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC, pp. S131-S131.
Stuchly, MA & Esselle, KP 1970, 'Cylindrical model for magnetic field stimulation of neurons', Proceedings of Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, IEEE, pp. 1295-1298.
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© 1993 IEEE. Pulses of a strong magnetic field are used to stimulate motor nerves in order to diagnose various neurological disorders. Analyses of induced electric fields in tissue are important in localizing and focusing the stimulation and in optimization of coils used to produce the magnetic field. A method of analysis and results of coil optimization are presented for a homogeneous cylindrical volume conductor representing an arm.
THOMAS, PS & WILLIAMS, DR 1970, 'THE CHARACTERISATION OF COATED POLYMERIC FIBRES BY INVERSE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY', ADHESION SOCIETY PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING AND THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE INTERPHASE, 16th Annual Meeting of the Adhesion-Society/International Symposium on the Interphase, ADHESION SOCIETY, WILLIAMSBURG, VA, pp. 120-122.
Veitch, D 1970, 'Novel models of broadband traffic', IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE, pp. 1057-1061.
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We provide models which are capable of describing the long term correlations and self similar burstiness structure found in recent measurements of packet networks and VBR video. Two families of `fractal' arrival processes are presented which capture these features extremely compactly. We show the equivalence of one of these to processes with unsummable auto-correlation functions used recently to describe long term correlation and burstiness. Our approach however has advantages. The other (1 parameter) family generates burstiness on all time scales. It shows how blocking can occur even for arrival streams with zero arrival rate. This illustrates how parameters describing scaling of burstiness and correlation must replace useless long terms averages.
Zhou, W 1970, 'Layered distributed program debugger', Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing, pp. 665-668.
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Debugging distributed programs is much more difficult than debugging sequential programs. One of the reasons is the communication among programs (processes) which may happen concurrently and nondeterministically. To be able to analyze such communication events is therefore an essential task for any distributed program debugger. This paper describes the design and preliminary implementation of a layered distributed program debugger. The debugger helps a user to locate bugs, to analyze a distributed program and to fix bugs.
ZHU, JG, HUI, SYR, RAMSDEN, VS & IEEE 1970, 'A DYNAMIC EQUIVALENT-CIRCUIT MODEL FOR SOLID MAGNETIC CORES', PESC 93 RECORD - 24TH ANNUAL IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, 24th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, I E E E, UNIV WASHINGTON, COLL ENGN, SEATTLE, WA, pp. 1111-1115.
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Ziolkowski, RW 1970, 'Ultra-Wide Bandwidth, Multi-Derivative Electromagnetic Systems', ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS, 2nd WRI International Conference on Ultra-Wideband Short-Pulse Electromagnetics, Springer US, POLYTECH UNIV, BROOKLYN, NY, pp. 251-258.
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Ziolkowski, RW & Judkins, JB 1970, 'Linear-Nonlinear Interfaces: Results from Full-Wave, Vector Maxwell Equation NL-FDTD Simulations', Integrated Photonics Research, Integrated Photonics Research, OSA.
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