Publications

Al-Kilidar, H, Jeffery, R, Aurum, A & Kutay, C 2003, Planning an Empirical Experiment To Evaluate The Effects Of Pair Work On The Design Phase Of The Software Lifecycle, University of New South Wales, School of Computer Science and Engineering.

Li, J & Wong, L 2003, Using Rules to Analyse Bio-medical Data: A Comparison between C4.5 and PCL, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
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Butler, Z, Fitch, R & Rus, D 2003, 'Experiments in distributed control for modular robots', SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, pp. 307-316.

Cetindamar, D & Erer, S 2003, 'Turkey' in Towards Sustainable Development in Industry?, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 165-190.
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Hoang, DB, Yu, Q, Li, M & Feng, DD 2003, 'Fair Intelligent Congestion Control Resource Discovery Protocol on TCP Based Network' in Converged Networking, Springer US, pp. 145-159.
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Patwary, MN, Rapajic, P & Oppermann, I 2003, 'Capacity and Coverage Increase with Repeaters in UMTS' in Mobile and Wireless Communications, Springer US, pp. 167-174.
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Patwary, MN, Rapajic, P & Oppermann, I 2003, 'Dynamic QoS Guarantee with Repeater in Power Controlled WCDMA Urban Environment' in Mobile and Wireless Communications, Springer US, pp. 141-148.
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Ruta, D & Gabrys, B 2003, 'Set Analysis of Coincident Errors and Its Applications for Combining Classifiers' in Pattern Recognition and String Matching, Springer US, pp. 647-671.
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Solomon, A, Sutcliffe, P & Lister, R 2003, 'Sorting Circular Permutations by Reversal' in Dehne, F, Sack, JR & Smid, M (eds), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, pp. 319-328.
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van Loenen, E, de Jong, N, Dijk, E, van den Hoven, E, Qian, Y & Teixeira, D 2003, 'Phenom' in Aarts, E & Marzano, S (eds), The New Everyday, Views on Ambient Intelligence, 010 Publishers, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 302-302.
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As the amount of information and entertainment we have access to increases, there's a rapidly growing need for intelligent systems that will help us find the right content instantly at any time or place. PHENOM explores how Perceptive Home Environments can help us easily find or browse through valuable personal memories, and enjoy sharing them with others.

Al-Kilidar, H, Stalhane, T, Kutay, C & Jeffery, R 2003, 'Teaching the Process of Code Review'.

Apkarian, P, Noll, D & Duong Tuan, H 2003, 'Fixed-orderH? control design via a partially augmented Lagrangian method', International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1137-1148.
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Aslund, M, Canning, J & Poladian, L 2003, 'Novel characterization technique with 0.5 ppm spatial accuracy of fringe period in Bragg gratings', OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 838-842.
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Aslund, M, Canning, J, Poladian, L, de Sterke, CM & Judge, A 2003, 'Antisymmetric grating coupler: experimental results', APPLIED OPTICS, vol. 42, no. 33, pp. 6578-6583.
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Balamash, A & Krunz, M 2003, 'Modeling web requests: a multifractal approach', Computer Networks, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 211-226.
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Ball, JE 2003, 'Debating stem cells', CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS, vol. 81, no. 22, pp. 6-6.

Ball, JE 2003, 'Hydraulic grade lines in urban stormwater systems – do they predict surcharge conditions?', Australasian Journal of Water Resources, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 169-176.
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The 1977 edition of Australian Rainfall and Runoff introduced the concept of Hydraulic Grade Lines (HGLs) as a measure of the surcharge potential for piped or underground urban stormwater drainage systems. This concept was included also in the 1987 edition of Australian Rainfall and Runoff. As a result of these publications, many authorities vested with management of urban stormwater drainage systems use the HGL to locate potential surcharges from their underground stormwater drainage systems. This acceptance of the importance of HGLs for the prediction of surcharge conditions in underground stormwater drainage systems, however, has been without serious consideration of the hydraulics of underground stormwater systems.

Barrett, TM, Burnett, IS & Lukasiak, J 2003, 'Lie analysis of the Webster horn equation with application to audio object recognition', 2003 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (IEEE Cat. No.03TH8684), pp. 217-220.
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Basic, D, Zhu, JG & Boardman, G 2003, 'Transient performance study of a brushless doubly fed twin stator induction generator', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 400-408.
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Baweja, D, Roper, H & Sirivivatnanon, V 2003, 'Improved electrochemical determinations of chloride-induced steel corrosion in concrete', ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL, vol. 100, no. 3, pp. 228-238.

Beydoun, G & Al-Jadir, L 2003, 'Application of Hierarchical Incremental Knowledge Acquisition (HIKA) using an Object-Oriented Database Management System (ODBMS)', International journal of engineering intelligent systems for electrical engineering and communications, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 85-94.

Boardman, G, Zhu, JG & Ha, QP 2003, 'Dynamic and Steady State Modelling of the Doubly Fed Twin Stator Induction Generator With Core Loss', Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal, vol. 1, no. 01, pp. 154-161.
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© 2003, European Association for the Development of Renewable Energy, Environment and Power Quality (EA4EPQ). All rights reserved. This paper presents dynamic and steady state models of the brushless doubly fed twin stator induction machine (BDFTSIM) with emphasis on its use as a generator. The dynamic models are presented in the general reference frame. The models include the effects of core loss on both the stator and the rotor. The frequency on the rotor of the BDFTSIM is much higher than in a standard induction machine so that core losses can not be neglected. The performance analysis indicates the feasibility of the BDFTSIM as a variable speed wind generator.

Bowman, JC, Readman, JW & Zhou, JL 2003, 'Seasonal variability in the concentrations of Irgarol 1051 in Brighton Marina, UK; including the impact of dredging', Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 444-451.
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Variations in Irgarol 1051 concentrations in the UKs largest marina at Brighton were determined regularly over a period of one year. Aqueous concentrations ranged from <1 to 960 ng l-1 with highest mean concentrations generally associated with berths for larger vessels and with the main channels. Temporally, highest concentrations were recorded in November through to January and were probably associated with maintenance of vessels in an adjacent boatyard. Elevated levels were also encountered at the beginning of the season, coinciding with the introduction of newly antifouled vessels. Increased concentrations also followed dredging, possibly through re-mobilisation of Irgarol 1051. No correlations were found between dissolved Irgarol 1051 concentrations and pH, temperature or salinity. With the exception of sporadically high concentrations recorded for water samples (probably taken in close proximity to recently antifouled vessels), concentrations rarely exceeded the no observed effect concentration for marine periphyton of 63 ng l-1. Concentrations of Irgarol 1051 in sediments sampled from the marina ranged from <1 to 77 ng g-1. Apparent distribution coefficients (Kd) calculated from sedimentary and aqueous samples (collected simultaneously) are generally within the range of Kds reported from laboratory experiments.

Bowman, JC, Readman, JW & Zhou, JL 2003, 'Sorption of the natural endocrine disruptors, oestrone and 17 beta-oestradiol in the aquatic environment', Environmental Geochemistry and Health, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 63-67.
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Brown, LD, Ray, AS & Thomas, PS 2003, 'Si-29 and Al-21 NMR study of amorphous and paracrystalline opals from Australia', JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS, vol. 332, no. 1-3, pp. 242-248.
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Four opal-AG (amorphous) and two opal-CT (paracrystalline) samples obtained from various regions in Australia were investigated with 29Si NMR and 27Al NMR. The proton cross-polarization 29Si NMR technique was used and the resulting spectra consisted of two main resonances: -102.0 and -111.2 ppm for opal-AG; and -102.5 and -112.2 ppm for opal-CT. These peaks were assigned to the Q3(1OH) and Q4 resonances, respectively. Using very short contact times, a third, very weak peak at -94 ppm was resolved in an opal-CT specimen, which was assigned to silicon in the Q2(2OH) arrangement (i.e. a silicon with twin hydroxyl groups). It was found that the opal-CT samples contained a higher proportion of both geminal and vicinal silanol groups (Q2 and Q3) than the opal-AG samples. The geminal silanol groups present in opal-AG and opal-CT are not restricted to opal-AN. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) values were 9.5 ppm for the opal-AG samples, and 6.5 ppm for both opal-CT samples, a result which confirms that opal-CT has a higher degree of short-range structural order than opal-AG. The 27Al NMR spectra of the opals all showed a single resonance at +52 ppm, indicating that the aluminium exists in a tetrahedral arrangement incorporated within the opal structure.

Burnett, I, Van de Walle, R, Hill, K, Bormans, J & Pereira, F 2003, 'MPEG-21: goals and achievements', IEEE Multimedia, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 60-70.
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Canagasabey, A & Canning, J 2003, 'UV lamp hypersensitisation of hydrogen-loaded optical fibres', OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 11, no. 13, pp. 1585-1589.
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Canagasabey, A, Canning, J & Groothoff, N 2003, '355-nm hypersensitization of optical fibers', OPTICS LETTERS, vol. 28, no. 13, pp. 1108-1110.
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Canning, J, Buckley, E & Lyytikainen, K 2003, 'All-fibre phase-aperture zone plates', ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 311-312.
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Canning, J, Buckley, E & Lyytikainen, K 2003, 'Multiple source generation using air-structured optical waveguides for optical field shaping and transformation within and beyond the waveguide', OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 347-358.
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Canning, J, Buckley, E & Lyytikainen, K 2003, 'Propagation in air by field superposition of scattered light within a Fresnel fiber', OPTICS LETTERS, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 230-232.
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Canning, J, Groothoff, N, Buckley, E, Ryan, T, Lyytikainen, K & Digweed, J 2003, 'All-fibre photonic crystal distributed Bragg reflector (PC-DBR) fibre laser', OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 11, no. 17, pp. 1995-2000.
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CAO, LB & DAI, RW 2003, 'AGENT-ORIENTED METASYNTHETIC ENGINEERING FOR DECISION MAKING', International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, vol. 02, no. 02, pp. 197-215.
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Decision making plays a more and more important role in present society, especially in dealing with open complex giant systems, such as macroeconomic decision making. A feasible and effective approach for dealing with the increasingly remarkable decision making problems, in particular open complex giant systems, is to construct a Hall for Workshop of Metasynthetic Engineering (HWME), which is essentially an open giant intelligent decision support system in itself. On the other hand, the emergent agent technology is proposed and popularized as a new computing paradigm for building complex software systems. In this paper, we first briefly introduce the principle of metasynthetic engineering and the HWME in terms of decision support, and propose the network-based hierarchical model of an HWME. Furthermore, we discusse the design idea of agent-oriented metasynthetic engineering for decision support systems. We discuss the design scheme, the framework and the working mechanism of an HWME based on intelligent agents in Java which took the macroeconomic decision making as an instance. In addition, we further examine the fundamental problem of designing agent-oriented open giant intelligent decision support systems. The suitability and challenges of the present agent-oriented abstractions for open giant intelligent systems are further analyzed. Then, we propose the concept of societal abstraction for agent-oriented open giant intelligent systems, which is based on the following hypothesis: a unified mechanism — societal interactions, organizational schemes and component patterns, and multi-agent society. Our preliminary study reveals that the agent-oriented metasynthetic engineering is valid and powerful for decision making of open complex giant systems.

Castel, A, Vidal, T, François, R & Arliguie, G 2003, 'Influence of steel–concrete interface quality on reinforcement corrosion induced by chlorides', Magazine of Concrete Research, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 151-159.
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To evaluate the degree of corrosion, reinforcements of 14-year-old and 17-year-old concrete members were completely exposed. These 3 m long beams were stored in three-point flexion in an aggressive environment consisting in sequences of drying and wetting by a salt fog (35 g/l of NaCl). The total chloride content was also measured at the level of all reinforcements. The chloride content appears to be significantly higher than the threshold that is generally used to evaluate corrosion initiation. A comparative analysis carried out on these experimental results shows that the steel–concrete interface quality (physical adhesion between steel and concrete) is greatly determinant to predict the initiation of corrosion in reinforced concrete members.

Chaudhary, DS, Vigneswaran, S, Jegatheesan, V, Ngo, HH, Moon, H, Shim, WG & Kim, SH 2003, 'Granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption in tertiary wastewater treatment: experiments and models', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 113-120.

Chaudhary, DS, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, H, Shim, WG & Moon, H 2003, 'Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Biofilter for Low Strength Wastewater', Environmental Engineering Research, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 184-192.

Chaudhary, DS, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH, Kim, SH & Moon, H 2003, 'Comparison of association theory and Freundlich isotherm for describing granular activated carbon adsorption of secondary sewage effluent', JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 111-118.
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Chaudhary, DS, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH, Kim, SH & Moon, H 2003, 'Effects of biodegradation and background inorganic substances on granular activated carbon adsorption of wastewater', SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 2515-2531.
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Background inorganic substances are thought to disrupt the adsorption process used in wastewater treatment systems. In this study, a low-strength synthetic wastewater was investigated for biodegradation and adsorption onto granular activated carbon, with and without the presence of background inorganic compounds. Overall, organic compounds in the synthetic wastewater underwent slow biodegradation, but when a solution was prepared with only one or two individual organic components present in the wastewater, biodegradation ceased. This effect was noticed both in the presence and absence of inorganic compounds. The association theory was found to describe the overall adsorption equilibrium of the system better than the more commonly used Freundlich isotherm. The isotherm patterns of the synthetic wastewater indicated that the dissolved inorganic substances had unfavorable effects on the adsorption of dissolved organic substances.

Chaudhary, DS, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH, Shim, WG & Moon, H 2003, 'Biofilter in water and wastewater treatment', KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 1054-1065.
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Chiemchaisri, C, Panchawaranon, C, Rutchatanunti, S, Kludpiban, A, Ngo, HH & Vigneswaran, S 2003, 'Development of floating plastic media filtration system for water treatment and wastewater reuse', JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 2359-2368.
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Chin-Teng Lin 2003, 'Single-channel speech enhancement in variable noise-level environment', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 137-144.
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Chin-Teng Lin, Shing-Hong Liu, Jia-Jung Wang & Zu-Chi Wen 2003, 'Reduction of interference in oscillometric arterial blood pressure measurement using fuzzy logic', IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 432-441.
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Chuen-Der Huang, Chin-Teng Lin & Pal, NR 2003, 'Hierarchical learning architecture with automatic feature selection for multiclass protein fold classification', IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 221-232.
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Chung, I-F, Huang, C-D, Shen, Y-H & Lin, C-T 2003, 'Recognition of Structure Classification of Protein Folding by NN and SVM Hierarchical Learning Architecture', ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING - ICAN/ICONIP 2003, vol. 2714, pp. 1159-1167.
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Crews, KI 2003, 'Development of Durability Design Processes for Timber Structures', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 157-167.
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Cronin, SJ, Neall, VE, Lecointre, JA, Hedley, MJ & Loganathan, P 2003, 'Environmental hazards of fluoride in volcanic ash: a case study from Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand', JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH, vol. 121, no. 3-4, pp. 271-291.
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The vent-hosted hydrothermal system of Ruapehu volcano is normally covered by a c. 10 million m3 acidic crater lake where volcanic gases accumulate. Through analysis of eruption observations, granulometry, mineralogy and chemistry of volcanic ash from the 1995-1996 Ruapehu eruptions we report on the varying influences on environmental hazards associated with the deposits. All measured parameters are more dependent on the eruptive style than on distance from the vent. Early phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruption phases from crater lakes similar to that on Ruapehu are likely to contain the greatest concentrations of environmentally significant elements, especially sulphur and fluoride. These elements are contained within altered xenolithic material extracted from the hydrothermal system by steam explosions, as well as in residue hydrothermal fluids adsorbed on to particle surfaces. In particular, total F in the ash may be enriched by a factor of 6 relative to original magmatic contents, although immediately soluble F does not show such dramatic increases. Highly soluble NaF and CaSiF6 phases, demonstrated to be the carriers of 'available' F in purely magmatic eruptive systems, are probably not dominant in the products of phreatomagmatic eruptions through hydrothermal systems. Instead, slowly soluble compounds such as CaF2, AlF3 and Ca5(PO4)3F dominate. Fluoride in these phases is released over longer periods, where only one third is leached in a single 24-h water extraction. This implies that estimation of soluble F in such ashes based on a single leach leads to underestimation of the F impact, especially of a potential longer-term environmental hazard. In addition, a large proportion of the total F in the ash is apparently soluble in the digestive system of grazing animals. In the Ruapehu case this led to several thousand sheep deaths from fluorosis. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Cucchiara, R 2003, 'Improving data prefetching efficacy in multimedia applications', Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 159-178.
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Cucchiara, R, Grana, C, Piccardi, M & Prati, A 2003, 'Detecting moving objects, ghosts, and shadows in video streams', IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 1337-1342.
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Dylan Dah-Chuan Lu, Cheng, DK-W & Yim-Shu Lee 2003, 'A single-switch AC/DC converter with voltage regulated storage capacitor', IEEE Power Electronics Letters, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 78-82.
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A single-stage power-factor-corrected ac/dc converter (SSPFC) usually causes high voltage stress on the intermediate storage capacitor, due to the lack of control of this voltage. The storage capacitor voltage varies largely with line voltage, and load current and is usually higher than the peak line voltage. This paper presents a new single-switch SSPFC based on a flyback topology for which the storage capacitor voltage is loosely regulated by the output voltage. Without using extra power switches to increase the control dimension, the proposed converter uses a flyback converter with dual-output transformer to achieve the control purpose. The range of storage capacitor voltage change against the change of input voltage and load current is significantly reduced. Moreover, the maximum storage capacitor voltage can stay below the peak line voltage at high line condition. Experimental results verifying the operation of the proposed SSPFC are also reported.

E. Damian, D & Zowghi, D 2003, 'RE challenges in multi-site software development organisations', Requirements Engineering, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 149-160.
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Eager, DM 2003, 'How the New Standard Will Impact on Playgrounds', Journal Institute of Public Works Engineering Australia, vol. N/A, no. June/July 2003, pp. 22-27.

Eager, DM 2003, 'Raising the Standard', Journal of the Australian Institute of Landscape Architects, vol. 25(4), no. 100, pp. 70-75.

Eager, DM 2003, 'Understanding The Need For Playground Undersurfacing', Journal Institute of Public Works Engineering Australia, vol. N/A, no. August/September, pp. 36-37.

Eager, DM 2003, 'Undersurfacing - Myths and Facts', Playground News, vol. 11, no. Winter 2003, pp. 1-2.

Faber, MH & Stewart, MG 2003, 'Risk assessment for civil engineering facilities: critical overview and discussion', Reliability Engineering & System Safety, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 173-184.
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The present paper should be seen as a basis for discussion of important aspects of risk analysis and assessment, as well as attempting to describe risk assessment in accordance with the present state of the art. Risk assessment is thus presented in an overview form from the viewpoint of being a means for decision-making and thus within the formal framework of decision theory. First the motivation for risk analysis is given and the theoretical basis together with the practical aspects, methodologies and techniques for the implementation of risk assessment in civil engineering applications are explained and discussed. The paper furthermore addresses the problems associated with risk acceptance criteria, risk aversion and value of human life and attempts to provide suggestions for the rational treatment of these aspects. Finally a number of problem areas are highlighted and the needs for further education, research and dissemination are stressed. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fathollahzadeh Aghdam, R & Sharma, D 2003, 'Impacts of ESI Reform in Australia: A Review of Methodological Framework', Iranian Journal of Energy, vol. 8, no. 17, pp. 2-12.

Fee, M, Staines, MP, Buckley, RG, Watterson, PA & Jian Guo Zhu 2003, 'Calculation of AC loss in an HTS wind turbine generator', IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 2193-2196.
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Fernando, HNJ, Canning, J, Wosinski, L, Jaskorzynska, B & Dainese, M 2003, 'Characterization of ultra-violet-induced changes in planar waveguides', JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 335-340.
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Fisher, J, Hu, XQ, Williams, S, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Stone, MH, Hatto, P, Berry, G, Hardaker, C & Isaac, G 2003, 'New bearing surfaces: What does the future hold?', Seminars in Arthroplasty JSES, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 131-139.
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Although metal-on-metal bearings produce low wear rates, concerns remain about adverse reactions to metal wear debris. This chapter describes the application of surface coatings as a means of improving the wear resistance and producing smaller numbers of less biologically active wear particles in metal-on-metal (MOM) hip prostheses. Three articulations, Chromium Nitride (CrN) heads against CoCrMo alloy inserts (half coated), CrN heads against CrN inserts and Chromium Carbonitride (CrCN) heads against CrCN inserts (fully coated), were tested for 5 million cycles using a physiological anatomical hip joint simulator and compared with a CoCrMo alloy clinical bearing couple. The wear of the CrN head against CoCrMo insert was at least 13-fold lower than the MOM prostheses. The wear of the two fully coated combinations (CrN and CrCN) was at least 22-fold lower. The wear particles produced by all combinations were generally less than 30 nm in size. The metallic ion concentrations in the lubricants from the three surface engineered systems were 6-fold lower than the MOM controls. The wear particles from the fully coated surface engineered bearings were 10-fold less toxic than the wear particles produced by MOM bearings. These initial findings support further development and clinical trials of surface engineered MOM bearings. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Fitch, R & Rus, D 2003, 'Self-Reconfiguring Robots in the USA', Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 832-838.
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Foroughipour, SM & Esselle, KP 2003, 'The theory of a singularity-enhanced FDTD method for diagonal metal edges', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 312-321.
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Garcés-Chávez, V, McGloin, D, Padgett, MJ, Dultz, W, Schmitzer, H & Dholakia, K 2003, 'Observation of the Transfer of the Local Angular Momentum Density of a Multiringed Light Beam to an Optically Trapped Particle', Physical Review Letters, vol. 91, no. 9.
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Ge, Y & Esselle, KP 2003, 'A closed-form analysis of printed wide-slot antennas', International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 389-397.
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Ge, Y & Esselle, KP 2003, 'Efficient analysis of arbitrarily shaped microstrip structures', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 246-248.
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Gefferth, A, Veitch, D, Maricza, I, Molnár, S & Ruzsa, I 2003, 'The nature of discrete second-order self-similarity', Advances in Applied Probability, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 395-416.
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A new treatment of second-order self-similarity and asymptotic self-similarity for stationary discrete time series is given, based on the fixed points of a renormalisation operator with normalisation factors which are not assumed to be power laws. A complete classification of fixed points is provided, consisting of the fractional noise and one other class. A convenient variance time function approach to process characterisation is used to exhibit large explicit families of processes asymptotic to particular fixed points. A natural, general definition of discrete long-range dependence is provided and contrasted with common alternatives. The closely related discrete form of regular variation is defined, its main properties given, and its connection to discrete self-similarity explained. Folkloric results on long-range dependence are proved or disproved rigorously.

Grace, ND, Loganathan, P, Hedley, MJ & Wallace, GC 2003, 'Ingestion of soil fluorine: its impact on the fluorine metabolism and status of grazing young sheep', NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 279-286.
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When young sheep ingested soil fluorine (F) at moderate to high rates (69–184 mg F day−1 for 63 days) the apparent absorption of F ranged from 44 to 53%, while apparent retention of F ranged from 28 to 42%. The respective values for ingestion of sodium fluoride (NaF) at 69 mg F day−1 were 69% and 39–45%. Increasing F intakes had little effect on kidney and liver F concentrations, but markedly increased the bone F concentrations in the sheep fed NaF or soil with high levels of F. Further, serum F concentration and the rate of F accumulation in bone were related to soil F intake. The rate of F accumulation in bone was curvilinearly related to serum F concentration, and serum F concentration had to be > 0.25 mg litre−1 before a significant accumulation of F occurred in bone. Serum F concentration could be a useful index to assess the soil F intakes and F status of grazing sheep. An examination of the sheep during and at the end of the study showed no clinical signs of fluorosis, such as mottled teeth or bone abnormalities. © 2003 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Granet, C, Bird, TS & James, GL 2003, 'Comments on 'Choked Gaussian antenna: extremely low sidelobe compact antenna design'', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 2, pp. 363-364.
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Groothoff, N, Canning, J, Buckley, E, Lyttikainen, K & Zagari, J 2003, 'Bragg gratings in air-silica structured fibers', OPTICS LETTERS, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 233-235.
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Guo, D & Catchpoole, DR 2003, 'Isolation of Intact RNA Following Cryosection of Archived Frozen Tissue', BioTechniques, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 48-50.
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Guo, S & Jia, W 2003, 'Edge Detection of Omnidirectional M-mode Echocardiography Images', Journal of Fuzhou University (Natural Science Edition), vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 539-543.

Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Watterson, PA & Wu, W 2003, 'Comparative study of 3-D flux electrical machines with soft magnetic composite cores', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 1696-1703.
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Ha, QP, Trinh, H, Nguyen, HT & Tuan, HD 2003, 'Dynamic output feedback sliding-mode control using pole placement and linear functional observers', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 1030-1037.
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Hai Yan Lu, Jian Guo Zhu & Hui, SYR 2003, 'Experimental determination of stray capacitances in high frequency transformers', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 1105-1112.
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Halkon, BJ & Rothberg, SJ 2003, 'Vibration measurements using continuous scanning laser Doppler vibrometry: theoretical velocity sensitivity analysis with applications', Measurement Science and Technology, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 382-393.
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Halkon, BJ, Frizzel, SR & Rothberg, SJ 2003, 'Vibration measurements using continuous scanning laser vibrometry: velocity sensitivity model experimental validation', Measurement Science and Technology, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 773-783.
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Hämäläinen, M, Saloranta, J, Mäkelä, J-P, Oppermann, I & Patana, T 2003, 'Ultra-Wideband Signal Impact on the Performances of IEEE 802.11b and Bluetooth Networks', International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 201-210.
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This paper presents the results of a coexistence study investigating the impact of ultra-wideband (UWB) interference on IEEE 802.11b and Bluetooth networks. The results are based on the experimental test measurements made at the University of Oulu. Finland. Simple high-power UWB transmitters are used to interfere with victim networks. Preliminary results show that only under extreme interference conditions with thousands of equivalent Federal Communications Commission- (FCC)-compliant devices in close proximity, will the IEEE 802.11b and Bluetooth networks experience significant performance degradation. The impact of the UWB interference on the IEEE 802.11b network was insignificant if the distance to UWB transmitters was greater than 40 cm. The impact on Bluetooth was even less noticeable. In our study, several high-power UWB transmitters that greatly exceed the FCC radiation regulations have been used, and the measurement settings presents the worst case scenario because of the very short distance between the interferers and the victim system. Effectively our study approximates the use of thousands of FCC-complaint UWB devices in the same space.

Hoang Duong Tuan, Apkarian, P & Nguyen, TQ 2003, 'Robust filtering for uncertain nonlinearly parameterized plants', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 1806-1815.
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Hoang Duong Tuan, Le Hai Nam, Hoang Tuy & Nguyen, TQ 2003, 'Multicriterion optimized QMF bank design', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 51, no. 10, pp. 2582-2591.
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Hohn, N, Veitch, D & Abry, P 2003, 'Cluster processes: a natural language for network traffic', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 51, no. 8, pp. 2229-2244.
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Huang, C-D, Chung, I-F, Pal, NR & Lin, C-T 2003, 'Machine Learning for Multi-class Protein Fold Classification Based on Neural Networks with Feature Gating', ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING - ICAN/ICONIP 2003, vol. 2714, pp. 1168-1175.
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Hung, NVQ, Narikiyo, T & Tuan, HD 2003, 'Nonlinear adaptive control of master–slave system in teleoperation', Control Engineering Practice, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-10.
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Huntington, ST, Katsifolis, J, Gibson, BC, Canning, J, Lyytikainen, K, Zagari, J, Cahill, LW & Love, JD 2003, 'Retaining and characterising nano-structure within tapered air-silica structured optical fibers', OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 98-104.
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Huntington, ST, Lyytikainen, K & Canning, J 2003, 'Analysis and removal of fracture damage during and subsequent to holey fiber cleaving', OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 535-540.
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Iacopi, F, Brongersma, SH & Maex, K 2003, 'Compressive stress relaxation through buckling of a low-k polymer-thin cap layer system', APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, vol. 82, no. 9, pp. 1380-1382.
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Iacopi, F, Tokei, Z, Stucchi, M, Brongersma, SH, Vanhaeren, D & Maex, K 2003, 'Characterization of porous structure in ultra-low-k dielectrics by depositing thin conductive cap layers', MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, vol. 65, no. 1-2, pp. 123-131.
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Iacopi, F, Tokei, Z, Stucchi, M, Lanckmans, F & Maex, K 2003, 'Diffusion barrier integrity and electrical performance of Cu/porous dielectric damascene lines', IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 147-149.
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Indraratna, B, Bamunawita, C, Redana, IW & McIntosh, G 2003, 'Modelling of prefabricated vertical drains in soft clay and evaluation of their effectiveness in practice', Ground Improvement, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 127-137.
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Prefabricated vertical band drains are rapidly increasing in popularity as one of the most cost-effective soft clay improvement techniques worldwide. Nevertheless, problems caused during installation (such as the smear effect), drain clogging and well resistance of long drains contribute to retarded pore pressure dissipation, making these drains less effective in the field. This leads to reduced settlement compared with that which would be expected from ideal drains. This paper is an attempt to discuss, comprehensively, the modelling aspects of prefabricated vertical drains and to interpret the actual field data measured in a number of case studies that demonstrate their advantages and drawbacks. Both analytical and numerical modelling details are elucidated, based on the authors' experience and other research studies. Where warranted, laboratory data from large-scale experimental facilities are highlighted.

Indraratna, B, Bamunawita, C, Redana, IW & McIntosh, G 2003, 'Modelling of prefabricated vertical drains in soft clay and evaluation of their effectiveness in practice', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 127-137.
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Prefabricated vertical band drains are rapidly increasing in popularity as one of the most cost-effective soft clay improvement techniques worldwide. Nevertheless, problems caused during installation (such as the smear effect), drain clogging and well resistance of long drains contribute to retarded pore pressure dissipation, making these drains less effective in the field. This leads to reduced settlement compared with that which would be expected from ideal drains. This paper is an attempt to discuss, comprehensively, the modelling aspects of prefabricated vertical drains and to interpret the actual field data measured in a number of case studies that demonstrate their advantages and drawbacks. Both analytical and numerical modelling details are elucidated, based on the authors' experience and other research studies. Where warranted, laboratory data from large-scale experimental facilities are highlighted. Les drains verticaux préfabriqués deviennent de plus en plus populaires car ils forment l'une des techniques des plus rentables d'amélioration de l'argile tendre. Néanmoins, les problèmes causés pendant l'installation (comme l'effet de rémanence), l'occlusion des drains et la résistance des puits dans le cas de drains longs, contribuent à retarder la dissipation de pression interstitielle, ce qui rend ces drains moins efficaces sur le terrain. Ceci cause un tassement inférieur à celui qu'on attend normalement de drains parfaits. Cette étude essaie d'évaluer, de manière globale, les aspects de modélisation de drains verticaux préfabriqués et d'interpréter les données réelles relevées sur le terrain dans un certain nombre d'études de cas qui montrent leurs avantages et leurs inconvénients. Nous expliquons les détails de la modélisation analytique et numérique en nous basant sur notre expérience ainsi que sur d'autres recherches. Partout où cela est nécessaire, nous donnons aussi les données relevées en laboratoire dans une installatio...

Indraratna, B, Ranjith, PG, Price, JR & Gale, W 2003, 'Two-Phase (Air and Water) Flow through Rock Joints: Analytical and Experimental Study', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 129, no. 10, pp. 918-928.
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Ji, JC 2003, 'Dynamics of a Jeffcott rotor-magnetic bearing system with time delays', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 1387-1401.
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A Jeffcott rotor with an additional magnetic bearing locating at the disc is employed to investigate the effect of time delays on the non-linear dynamical behavior of the system. The time delays are presented in the proportional and derivative feedback, respectively. For the corresponding autonomous system, a linear stability analysis is performed for the system with two identical time delays in the control loop. The nature of a single Hopf bifurcation is determined by constructing a center manifold. For the non-autonomous system, the primary resonance response is studied for its small non-linear motions using the method of averaging. The effects of time delays and control gains, as well as excitation amplitude, on the amplitude of the steady-state response are investigated. Finally, experiments are carried out to validate the theoretical predictions.

Ji, JC 2003, 'Stability and bifurcation in an electromechanical system with time delays', MECHANICS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 217-225.
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The effect of time delays occurring in a proportional-integral-derivative feedback controller on the linear stability of a simple electromechanical system is investigated by analyzing the characteristic transcendental equation. It is found that the trivial fixed point of the system can lose its stability through Hopf bifurcations when the time delay crosses certain critical values. Codimension two bifurcations, which result from non-resonant and resonant Hopf-Hopf bifurcation interactions, are also found to exist in the system.

Ji, JC 2003, 'Stability and Hopf bifurcation of a magnetic bearing system with time delays', JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION, vol. 259, no. 4, pp. 845-856.
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The effect of time delays occurring in the feedback control loop on the linear stability of a simple magnetic bearing system is investigated by analyzing the associated characteristic transcendental equation. It is found that a Hopf bifurcation can take place when time delays pass certain values. The direction and stability of the Hopf bifurcation are determined by constructing a center manifold and by applying the normal form method. It is also found that a codimension two bifurcation can occur through a Hopf and a steady state bifurcation interaction. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to verify the analytical predictions.

Ji, JC & Hansen, CH 2003, 'Local bifurcation control in a rotor-magnetic bearing system', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 951-956.
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Linear-plus-nonlinear feedback control is used to stabilize Hopf bifurcation in a rotor-magnetic bearing system, for which the linearized system possesses a double zero eigenvalues. The addition of nonlinear (quadratic) terms to the original linear feedback control formulation is used to modify the coefficients of the nonlinear terms in the reduced normal forms. It is found that feedback control incorporating certain quadratic terms renders the Hopf bifurcation supercritical. Finally, illustrative examples are given to verify the analytical results.

Ji, JC & Leung, AYT 2003, 'Non-linear oscillations of a rotor-magnetic bearing system under superharmonic resonance conditions', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 829-835.
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The effect of non-linear magnetic forces on the non-linear response of the shaft is examined for the case of superharmonic resonance in this paper. It is shown that the steady-state superharmonic periodic solutions lose their stability by either saddle-node or Hopf bifurcations. The system exhibits many typical characteristics of the behavior of non-linear dynamical systems such as multiple coexisting solutions, jump phenomenon, and sensitive dependence on initial conditions. The effects of the feedback gains and imbalance eccentricity on the non-linear response of the system are studied. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to verify the analytical predictions.

Jian Guo Zhu, Jin Jiang Zhong, Zhi Wei Lin & Sievert, JD 2003, 'Measurement of magnetic properties under 3-D magnetic excitations', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 3429-3431.
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Kalam, MA & Masjuki, HH 2003, 'Effect of palm oil methyl ester and its emulsions on lubricant degradation and engine component wear', Lubrication Science, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 57-65.
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Kalam, MA, Husnawan, M & Masjuki, HH 2003, 'Exhaust emission and combustion evaluation of coconut oil-powered indirect injection diesel engine', Renewable Energy, vol. 28, no. 15, pp. 2405-2415.
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Kim, Y & Braun, RM 2003, 'An equalizer and memory mapping predistorter for nonlinearly amplified signals transmitted by coded OFDM systems in multipath fading channel', WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 101-115.
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King, AJ, Readman, JW & Zhou, JL 2003, 'The application of solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) to the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)', Environmental Geochemistry and Health, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 69-75.
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Korkmaz, T & Krunz, M 2003, 'Bandwidth-delay constrained path selection under inaccurate state information', IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 384-398.
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Korkmaz, T & Krunz, MM 2003, 'Routing multimedia traffic with qos guarantees', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 429-443.
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Kwok, JT & Tsang, IW 2003, 'Linear dependency between Σ and the input noise in Σ-support vector regression', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 544-553.
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Kwong, RA, Nguyen, TV, Bova, RJ, Kench, JG, Cole, IE, Musgrove, EA, Henshall, SM & Sutherland, RL 2003, 'Overexpression of E2F-1 is associated with increased disease-free survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior tongue.', Clin Cancer Res, vol. 9, no. 10 Pt 1, pp. 3705-3711.
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PURPOSE: Overexpression of E2F-1 is associated with increased invasiveness in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines in vitro, but its significance in vivo is unknown. This study sought to determine the relationship between E2F-1 and retinoblastoma protein (pRb) expression and disease outcome in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anterior tongue. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: pRb and E2F-1 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 145 patients with SCC of the anterior tongue. The outcomes examined were time to disease recurrence or death. The relationships between E2F-1 or pRb expression and outcome were assessed by univariate and multivariate Cox's proportional hazards model, with or without clinicopathological covariates, including nodal status, disease stage, treatment status, and molecular markers (cyclin D1, p16(INK4A), and Ki-67) previously measured in this cohort. RESULTS: On univariate analysis, increased expression of E2F-1 (>35% of positive-stained nuclei) was associated with increased disease-free survival (DFS; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.35; P = 0.04) and increased overall survival (OS; HR: 0.33; P = 0.06). Decreased expression of pRb (<50% positive nuclei) was associated with increased DFS (HR: 1.81; P = 0.06) but not with OS (P = 0.11). However, when considered simultaneously with other significant factors, i.e. lymph node status, p16(INK4A) protein expression, and histopathological grade, in the multivariate Cox's proportional hazards model, the additional contributions of E2F-1 and/or pRb expression to DFS and OS were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that in patients with SCC of the tongue, overexpression of E2F-1 is associated with increased DFS and OS. However, this association is not independent of lymph node status, tumor grade, and p16(INK4A) expression. Among the cell cycle-regulatory molecules studied, p16(INK4A) expression is the most predictive molecular marker of disease outcome.

Lai, S, Wu, Y & Zhang, G 2003, 'The Global Solution of an Initial Value Problem for a Generalised Boussinesq Equation', International Journal of Differential Equations and Applications, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 153-163.
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This paper deals with the well-posedness of the global solution of a small initial value problem for a generalized Boussinesq equation. The conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the problem are established in a Sobolev space. It is also proved that the global solution decays exponentially in time.

Lal, SKL & Craig, A 2003, 'Electroencephalography and psychological associations with driver fatigue', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, vol. 55, pp. 21-22.
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Lal, SKL, Craig, A, Boord, P, Kirkup, L & Nguyen, H 2003, 'Development of an algorithm for an EEG-based driver fatigue countermeasure', JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 321-328.
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Lee, C, Hong, G, Ha, QP & Mallinson, SG 2003, 'A piezoelectrically actuated micro synthetic jet for active flow control', SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL, vol. 108, no. 1-3, pp. 168-174.
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The synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is a low power, highly compact microfluidic device which has potential application in boundary layer flow control. In recent work we have shown how synthetic jets work without cross flow and how effectively they modify the flow structure in the boundary layer under an adverse pressure gradient. This paper describes the piezoelectric synthetic jet actuator used in our experiments. The experimental set-up for flow control using this type of actuator is detailed. The results obtained show a significant enhancement of the jet effectiveness by forcing the boundary layer flow at the natural instability frequency. The actuators must have sufficient velocity output to produce strong enough vortices if they are to be effective for flow control. The forcing effect can occur at a frequency lower than the driving frequency of the actuator when used without cross flow. The forcing frequency appears to be an important parameter in synthetic jet boundary layer flow control.

Lee, SP, O'Dowd, BF, Rajaram, RD, Nguyen, T & George, SR 2003, 'D2 Dopamine Receptor Homodimerization Is Mediated by Multiple Sites of Interaction, Including an Intermolecular Interaction Involving Transmembrane Domain 4', Biochemistry, vol. 42, no. 37, pp. 11023-11031.
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In this study, we examined the mechanisms of intermolecular interaction involved in D2 dopamine receptor dimer formation to develop an understanding of the quaternary structure of G protein-coupled receptors. The potential role of two mechanisms was investigated: disulfide bridges and hydrophobic interactions between transmembrane domains. D2 dopamine receptor oligomers were unaffected by treatment with a reducing agent; however, oligomers of the D1 dopamine receptor dissociated following a similar treatment. This observation suggested that other forces such as hydrophobic interactions were more robust in the D2 receptor than in the D1 receptor in maintaining oligomerization. To elucidate which transmembrane domains were involved in the intermolecular hydrophobic interactions, truncation mutants were generated by successive deletion of transmembrane domains from amino and/or carboxyl portions of the D2 dopamine receptor. Immunoblot analyses revealed that all the fragments were well expressed but only fragments containing transmembrane domain 4 were able to self-associate, suggesting that critical areas for receptor dimerization resided within this transmembrane domain. Disruption of the helical structure of transmembrane domain 4 in a truncated receptor capable of forming dimers interfered with its ability to self-associate; however, a similar disruption of the transmembrane domain 4 helix structure in the full-length receptor did not significantly affect dimerization. These results indicated that there are other sites of interaction involved in D2 receptor oligomer assembly in addition to transmembrane domain 4.

Lee, T 2003, 'Arithmetical definability over finite structures', MLQ, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 385-392.
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Leung, FHF, Lam, HK, Ling, SH & Tam, PKS 2003, 'Tuning of the structure and parameters of a neural network using an improved genetic algorithm', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 79-88.
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This paper presents the tuning of the structure and parameters of a neural network using an improved genetic algorithm (GA). It will also be shown that the improved GA performs better than the standard GA based on some benchmark test functions. A neural network with switches introduced to its link s is proposed. By doing this, the proposed neural network can learn both the input-output relationships of an application and the network structure using the improved GA. The number of hidden nodes is chosen manually by increasing it from a small number until the learning performance in terms of fitness value is good enough. Application examples on sunspot forecasting and associative memory are given to show the merits of the improved GA and the proposed neural network.

Li, H, Fane, AG, Coster, HGL & Vigneswaran, S 2003, 'Observation of deposition and removal behaviour of submicron bacteria on the membrane surface during crossflow microfiltration', Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 217, no. 1-2, pp. 29-41.
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The deposition and removal of submicron bacteria (SW8) has been examined by the direct observation through the membrane (DOTM) technique. The original DOTM was modified to incorporate fluorescence microscopy to better visualise the submicron material. The flux at which deposition commenced, the so-called critical flux, was visually identified before the transmembrane pressure indicated cake formation. After supercritical operation for about 15 min the flux was reduced to subcritical and then zero; slow cake removal was observed as distinct cylindrical rolling floc (about 50 ?m diameter) and aggregates. The extent of cake removal varied from about 90 to <5% depending on the ionic environment with low ions resulting in better removal. Cake formed over longer periods (upto 60 min) showed negligible removal. The critical fluxes of SW8 measured with DOTM increased with crossflow, but exhibited higher values than expected from their primary particle size.

LI, H, LI, J, TAN, SH & NG, S-K 2003, 'DISCOVERY OF BINDING MOTIF PAIRS FROM PROTEIN COMPLEX STRUCTURAL DATA AND PROTEIN INTERACTION SEQUENCE DATA', Biocomputing 2004, pp. 312-323.
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Unravelling the underlying mechanisms of protein interactions requires knowledge about the interactions' binding sites. In this paper, we use a novel concept, binding motif pairs, to describe binding sites. A binding motif pair consists of two motifs each derived from one side of the binding protein sequences. The discovery is a directed approach that uses a combination of two data sources: 3-D structures of protein complexes and sequences of interacting proteins. We first extract maximal contact segment pairs from the protein complexes' structural data. We then use these segment pairs as templates to sub-group the interacting protein sequence dataset, and conduct an iterative refinement to derive significant binding motif pairs. This combination approach is efficient in handling large datasets of protein interactions. From a dataset of 78,390 protein interactions, we have discovered 896 significant binding motif pairs. The discovered motif pairs include many novel motif pairs as well as motifs that agree well with experimentally validated patterns in the literature.

Li, J, Liu, H, Downing, JR, Yeoh, AE-J & Wong, L 2003, 'Simple rules underlying gene expression profilesof more than six subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)patients', Bioinformatics, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 71-78.
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Abstract Motivations and Results: For classifying gene expression profiles or other types of medical data, simple rules are preferable to non-linear distance or kernel functions. This is because rules may help us understand more about the application in addition to performing an accurate classification. In this paper, we discover novel rules that describe the gene expression profiles of more than six subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. We also introduce a new classifier, named PCL, to make effective use of the rules. PCL is accurate and can handle multiple parallel classifications. We evaluate this method by classifying 327 heterogeneous ALL samples. Our test error rate is competitive to that of support vector machines, and it is 71% better than C4.5, 50% better than Naive Bayes, and 43% better than k-nearest neighbour. Experimental results on another independent data sets are also presented to show the strength of our method. Availability: Under http://sdmc.lit.org.sg/GEDatasets/, click on Supplementary Information. Contact: jinyan@lit.a-star.edu.sg * To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Li, J, Liu, H, Ng, S & Wong, L 2003, 'Discovery Of Significant Rules For Classifying Cancer Diagnosis Data', Bioinformatics, vol. 19, no. NA, pp. 0-0.
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Methods and Results: We introduce a new method to discover many diversified and significant rules from high dimensional profiling data. We also propose to aggregate the discriminating power of these rules for reliable predictions. The discovered rules ar

Li, J, Liu, H, Ng, S-K & Wong, L 2003, 'Discovery of significant rules for classifying cancer diagnosis data', BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 19, pp. II93-II102.
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Li, J, See-Kiong, N & Wong, L 2003, 'Bioinformatics Adventures in Database Research', DATABASE THEORY ICDT 2003, PROCEEDINGS, vol. 2572, pp. 31-46.
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Li, J, Smith, DW, Fityus, SG & Sheng, D 2003, 'Numerical Analysis of Neutron Moisture Probe Measurements', International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 11-20.
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The neutron probe has proven to be an effective means for monitoring long term in situ soil moisture variations. However, it is difficult to experimentally correlate neutron probe data (i.e., neutron counts) with accurate estimates of absolute soil moisture content, particularly for unsaturated clay soils. In this paper, a numerical model based on multigroup neutron diffusion theory is employed to predict the dustribution of neutron flux in a neutron probe system. The model discretizes the neutron energy spectrum into seven intervals, with energy-dependent diffusion coefficients and parameters for each energy interval. The finite element method is employed to solve the coupled seven-group neutron diffusion equations. It is demonstrated that the numerical results compare very well with both laboratory experimental results and field measurements. The theoretical approach to neutron probe calibration described herein offers significant time and cost savings over traditional calibration methods, and potentially opens up new applications for neutron probe monitoring. © ASCE.

Li, M, Hoang, DB & Simmonds, AJ 2003, 'Class-based fair intelligent admission control over an enhanced differentiated service network', INFORMATION NETWORKING, vol. 2662, pp. 543-552.

Li, QS, Fang, JQ, Liu, DK & Tang, J 2003, 'Failure probability prediction of concrete components', Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 1631-1636.
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Li, S & Luo, M 2003, 'A negative answer to T. Kubiak's question', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 133, no. 3, pp. 407-409.
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T. Kubiak raised in 1992 a question about Hausdorffness and compactness in L-topology. It is negatively solved in the present paper by constructing certain L-Hausdorffness and L-compactness axioms. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Li, S & Luo, M 2003, 'FNS is not isomorphic to FTS', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 136, no. 1, pp. 127-131.
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In this paper, we show that there are exactly c different simultaneously bireffective and bicoreflective subconstructs of FNS, in fact there exists a one-to-one correspondence between those subconstructs of FNS and open sets of (0,1). We also prove that

Li, S & Luo, M 2003, 'Generalized Lowen functors', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 133, no. 3, pp. 375-387.
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According to their value ranges, L-topological spaces form different categories. Clearly, the investigation on their relationships is certainly important and necessary. Lowen was one of the first authors who had studied the relation between the category

Li, S & Zhang, D 2003, 'A Non-topologically Generated Hutton-lowen Uniformizable Space', Quaestiones Mathematicae, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 471-477.
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In this note, it is shown that there exist non-topologically generated spaces which are both Lowen uniformizable and Hutton uniformizable. On the other hand, the FNS-coreflection of the Hutton unit interval I(I) is neither Lowen uniformizable nor Hutton uniformizable.

Li, SJ & Ying, MS 2003, 'Extensionality of the RCC8 composition table', FUNDAMENTA INFORMATICAE, vol. 55, no. 3-4, pp. 363-385.
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This paper is mainly concerned with the RCC8 composition table entailed by the Region Connection Calculus (RCC), a well-known formalism for Qualitative Spatial Reasoning. This table has been independently generated by Egenhofer in the context of Geograph

Li, SJ & Ying, MS 2003, 'Region Connection Calculus: Its models and composition table', ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, vol. 145, no. 1-2, pp. 121-146.
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Originating in Allen's analysis of temporal relations, the notion of composition table has become a key technique in providing an efficient inference mechanism for a wide class of theories in the field artificial intelligence. This paper is mainly about the consistency-based composition table (RCC8 CT) of the Region Connection Calculus (RCC) raised by Randell, Cui and Cohn. First we show each RCC model is a consistent model of the RCC8 CT. Then after an exhaustive analysis we show that no RCC model can be interpreted extensionally anyway and hence give a negative answer to a conjecture raised by Bennett. All these results are given in an `extensional RCC8 composition table, where we attach to each cell entry in the RCC8 CT a superscript to indicate in what circumstances an extensional interpretation is possible.

Ling, SH, Leung, FHF, Lam, HK, Lee, YS & Tam, PKS 2003, 'A novel genetic-algorithm-based neural network for short-term load forecasting', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 793-799.
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This paper presents a neural network with a novel neuron model. In this model, the neuron has two activation functions and exhibits a node-to-node relationship in the hidden layer. This neural network provides better performance than a traditional feedforward neural network, and fewer hidden nodes are needed. The parameters of the proposed neural network are tuned by a genetic algorithm with arithmetic crossover and nonuniform mutation. Some applications are given to show the merits of the proposed neural network.

Ling, SH, Leung, PHF, Lam, HK & Tam, PKS 2003, 'Short-term electric load forecasting based on a neural fuzzy network', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 1305-1316.
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Electric load forecasting is, essential to improve the reliability of the ac power line data network and provide optimal load scheduling in an intelligent home system. In this paper, a short-term load forecasting realized by a neural fuzzy network (NFN) and a modified genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed. It can forecast the hourly load accurately with respect to different day types and weather information. By introducing new genetic operators, the modified GA performs better than the traditional GA under some benchmark test functions. The optimal network structure can be found by the modified GA when switches in the links of the network are introduced. The membership functions and the number of rules of the NFN can be obtained automatically. Results for a short-term load forecasting will be given.

LIPMAN, J, BOUSTEAD, P & JUDGE, J 2003, 'NEIGHBOR AWARE ADAPTIVE POWER FLOODING (NAAP) IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS', International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science, vol. 14, no. 02, pp. 237-252.
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This paper introduces Neighbor Aware Adaptive Power flooding, an optimized flooding mechanism used in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETS) that employs several mechanisms (neighbor coverage, power control, neighbor awareness and local optimization) to limit the broadcast storm problem, reduce duplicate packet reception and lower power consumption in both transmission and reception. Upon receiving an optimized broadcast, a relay determines a new set of possible relays (to continue the flood) based upon local neighbor information and the previous optimized broadcast. Additionally, neighboring relays only consider the shared neighbors they are closest to. A relay may perform local optimization (to reduce power consumption and isolate broadcasts) by substituting one high power broadcast with two or more low power broadcasts, thereby introducing additional hops, We show that compared to blind flooding and multipoint relaying, NAAP in a static environment greatly reduces the problems associated with the broadcast storm problem, duplicate packet reception and power consumption.

Lister, R & Leaney, J 2003, 'Introductory programming, criterion-referencing, and bloom', ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 143-147.
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In the traditional norm-referencing approach to grading, all students in a CS1 class attempt the same programming tasks, and those attempts are graded 'to a curve'. The danger is that such tasks are aimed at a hypothetical average student. Weaker students can do little of these tasks, and learn little. Meanwhile, these tasks do not stretch the stronger students, so they too are denied an opportunity to learn. Our solution is two-fold. First, we use a criterion-referenced approach, where fundamentally different tasks are set, according to the ability of the students. Second, the differences in the nature of the tasks reflect the differing levels of Bloom's taxonomy. Weaker CS1 students are simply required to demonstrate knowledge and comprehension; the ability to read and understand programs. Middling students attempt traditional tasks, while the stronger students are set open-ended tasks at the synthesis and evaluation levels.

Liu, DK, Yang, YL & Li, QS 2003, 'Optimum positioning of actuators in tall buildings using genetic algorithm', Computers & Structures, vol. 81, no. 32, pp. 2823-2827.
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Livesey, JG, Rhodes, DP, McGloin, D & Dholakia, K 2003, 'Transient response of a cold atomic beam in the presence of a far-off resonance light guide', Journal of Modern Optics, vol. 50, no. 11, pp. 1751-1755.
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A low velocity intense source (LVIS) of cold rubidium atoms is guided along a co-propagating far-off resonance light guide. An 8% enhancement of the guided atomic flux is observed in the steady state. Data are presented for the transient response of the LVIS to the guide beam observing a non-adiabatic kick and a transient 25% enhancement of the guided flux. A characteristic decay time of 0.45 s is recorded for the return to the steady state flux. © 2003 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Livesey, JG, Rhodes, DP, McGloin, D & Dholakia, K 2003, 'Transient response of a cold atomic beam in the presence of a far-off resonance light guide', Journal of Modern Optics, vol. 50, no. 11, pp. 1751-1755.
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Lu, DDC, Cheng, DKW & Lee, YS 2003, 'Single-stage AC-DC power-factor-corrected voltage regulator with reduced intermediate bus voltage stress', IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, vol. 150, no. 5, pp. 506-506.
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Lu, J 2003, 'A model for evaluating E-commerce based on cost/benefit and customer satisfaction', INFORMATION SYSTEMS FRONTIERS, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 265-277.
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Lu, J & Zhang, GQ 2003, 'Cost benefit factor analysis in e-services', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SERVICE INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 570-595.
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Lukasiak, J, Burnett, IS, Drury, G & Goodes, J 2003, 'Flexible content packaging of Learning Objects and learning Designs', Proceedings of ED Media 2003 Symposium, pp. 44-50.

Luo, Q & Tong, L 2003, 'Exact dynamic solutions to piezoelectric smart beams including peel stresses Part II: Numerical results, comparison and approximate solution', International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 40, no. 18, pp. 4813-4836.
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Maex, K, Baklanov, MR, Shamiryan, D, Iacopi, F, Brongersma, SH & Yanovitskaya, ZS 2003, 'Low dielectric constant materials for microelectronics', JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 93, no. 11, pp. 8793-8841.
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Mahlia, TMI 2003, 'CO2 taxation on electricity generation for trees replanting in Malaysia', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 723-730.
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Mahlia, TMI, Abdulmuin, MZ, Alamsyah, TMI & Mukhlishien, D 2003, 'Dynamic modeling and simulation of a palm wastes boiler', Renewable Energy, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 1235-1256.
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Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH, Saidur, R, Choudhury, IA & NoorLeha, AR 2003, 'Projected electricity savings from implementing minimum energy efficiency standard for household refrigerators in Malaysia', Energy, vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 751-754.
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Marhefka, DW, Orin, DE, Schmiedeler, JP & Waldron, KJ 2003, 'Intelligent control of quadruped gallops', IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 446-456.
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In this paper, a new intelligent control approach for high-speed quadruped bounding and galloping gaits is presented. The controller is capable of learning the leg touchdown angles and leg thrusts required to track the desired running height and velocity of a quadruped in only one stride. Training of the controller is accomplished not with a mathematical model, but with simple rules based on a heuristic knowledge of the quadruped mechanics. The result is a controller that produces better velocity and height tracking characteristics than a Raibert-based controller and is robust to modeling errors. Additionally, by making use of the natural dynamics of the system, gait characteristics comparable to biological quadrupeds result. The status of a legged machine being constructed for demonstration of the control approach and further study of the characteristics of galloping is also presented.

McGloin, D 2003, 'Coherent effects in a driven Vee scheme', Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, vol. 36, no. 13, pp. 2861-2871.
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McGloin, D, Garcés-Chávez, V & Dholakia, K 2003, 'Interfering Bessel beams for optical micromanipulation', Optics Letters, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 657-657.
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McGloin, D, Spalding, G, Melville, H, Sibbett, W & Dholakia, K 2003, 'Applications of spatial light modulators in atom optics', Optics Express, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 158-158.
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McGloin, D, Spalding, GC, Melville, H, Sibbett, W & Dholakia, K 2003, 'Three-dimensional arrays of optical bottle beams', Optics Communications, vol. 225, no. 4-6, pp. 215-222.
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Meck, E & Sirivivatnanon, V 2003, 'Field indicator of chloride penetration depth', CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 1113-1117.
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Melville, H, Milne, G, Spalding, G, Sibbett, W, Dholakia, K & McGloin, D 2003, 'Optical trapping of three-dimensional structures using dynamic holograms', Optics Express, vol. 11, no. 26, pp. 3562-3562.
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Muqattash, A, Krunz, M & Ryan, WE 2003, 'Solving the near–far problem in CDMA-based ad hoc networks', Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 435-453.
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In this paper, we propose a distributed CDMA-based medium access protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Our approach accounts for multiple access interference (MAI) at the protocol level, thereby addressing the notorious near-far problem that undermines the throughput performance in MANETs. Collision avoidance information is inserted in the clear-to-send (CTS) packets and broadcasted over an out-of-band control channel. This information is used to dynamically bound the transmission power of possible interfering nodes in the vicinity of a receiver. Data packets are transmitted at a power level such that interference-limited simultaneous transmissions can take place in the vicinity of a receiving terminal without disturbing its reception. Simulation results indicate that the proposed protocol achieves a significant increase in network throughput relative to the 802.11 approach, at no additional cost in energy consumption. Finally, we show that variable processing gain may be used to increase the capacity of the proposed protocol. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ngo, H, Jegatheesan, V & Vigneswaran, S 2003, 'High Rate Filtration Using Bouyant Medium: Experiments and Mathematical Models', Water Intelligence Online, vol. N/A, no. NA, pp. 1-9.

Nguyen, M, Reynolds, N & Vigneswaran, S 2003, 'By-product recovery from cottage cheese production by nanofiltration', Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 803-807.
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Nguyen, TV, Livshits, G, Center, JR, Yakovenko, K & Eisman, JA 2003, 'Genetic Determination of Bone Mineral Density: Evidence for a Major Gene', The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 88, no. 8, pp. 3614-3620.
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Nielsen, MA, Dawson, CM, Dodd, JL, Gilchrist, A, Mortimer, D, Osborne, TJ, Bremner, MJ, Harrow, AW & Hines, A 2003, 'Quantum dynamics as a physical resource', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 67, no. 5.
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Nielsen, MA, Dawson, CM, Dodd, JL, Gilchrist, A, Mortimer, D, Osborne, TJ, Bremner, MJ, Harrow, AW & Hines, A 2003, 'Quantum dynamics as a physical resource', Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 523011-5230119.
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O’Neill, GM, Catchpoole, DR & Golemis, EA 2003, 'From Correlation to Causality: Microarrays, Cancer, and Cancer Treatment', BioTechniques, vol. 34, no. 3S, pp. S64-S71.
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Ollerton, RL & Shannon, AG 2003, 'Some useful integer arrays for the teaching of generalization skills', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 135-143.
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Oppermann, I 2003, 'Foreword Note', International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 165-165.
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Pencheva, T, Hristozov, I & Shannon, AG 2003, 'Mathematical modelling of continuous biotechnological processes', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 593-599.
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Biotechnological processes (BTP) are characterized by a complicated structure of organization and interdependent characteristics. Partial differential equations or systems of partial differential equations are used for their behavioural description as objects with distributed parameters. Modelling of substrate without regard to dispersion phenomena is considered in this paper, which contains an application of the theory of partial differential equations. © 2003 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Pereira, F & Burnett, I 2003, 'Universal multimedia experiences for tomorrow', IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 63-73.
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Pereira, F, Burnett, I & Chang, S-F 2003, 'Special issue on multimedia adaptation', Signal Processing: Image Communication, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 597-599.
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Piccardi, M & Jan, T 2003, 'Recent advances in computer vision', Industrial Physicist, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 18-21.
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The advances in computer vision, which is a branch of artificial intelligence that focuses on providing computers with the functions typical of human vision is discussed. Computer vision has produced important application in fields such as robotics, biomedicine, industrial automation and satellite observation of Earth. The basic idea behind the use of computer vision in HCIs is that it can be instructed more naturally by human gestures than by using keyboard or mouse. The potentiality of computer vision in improving plant and public safety is attracting increasing attention in security concious community.

Port, L, Center, J, Briffa, NK, Nguyen, T, Cumming, R & Eisman, J 2003, 'Osteoporotic fracture: missed opportunity for intervention', Osteoporosis International, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 780-784.
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Potard, G & Burnett, IS 2003, 'A study on sound source apparent shape and wideness', 2003 International Conference on Auditory Display, pp. 25-28.

Raad, M, Mertins, A & Burnett, I 2003, 'Scalable to lossless audio compression based on perceptual set partitioning in hierarchical trees (PSPIHT)', 2003 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2003. Proceedings. (ICASSP '03)., vol. 5, pp. 624-627.
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Rivers, EP, Nguyen, HB & Amponsah, D 2003, 'Sepsis: A landscape from the emergency department to the intensive care unit *', Critical Care Medicine, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 968-969.
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Rizzoli, A, Voinov, A & Jakeman, A 2003, 'Introducing EMS ShortComs—presenting results, making a difference: is there a better way to publish in the 21st century?', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 595-596.
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Samali, B, Al-Dawod, M & Li, JC 2003, 'Performance of an Active Mass Driver system on a five storey benchmark model', JSME INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL SERIES C-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS MACHINE ELEMENTS AND MANUFACTURING, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 848-853.
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Samali, B, Wu, YM & Li, J 2003, 'Shake table tests on a mass eccentric model with base isolation', Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1353-1372.
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Sasaki, K, Miki, N, Matsuzaki, H & Miyanaga, Y 2003, 'High-speed finite element computation in 3D acoustical analysis of vocal tract', Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science), vol. 86, no. 11, pp. 21-29.
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Satoh, H, Yoshida, N & Miyanaga, Y 2003, 'Analysis of TM Wave Properties through Sharp Bend in 2-D Air-hole Type Photonic Crystal Waveguide on Uni-axial Anisotropic Substrate by Condensed Node Spatial Network.', IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials, vol. 123, no. 3, pp. 220-225.
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Schäfer, AI, Nghiem, LD & Waite, TD 2003, 'Removal of the Natural Hormone Estrone from Aqueous Solutions Using Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 182-188.
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Schwarz, DS, Hutvágner, G, Du, T, Xu, Z, Aronin, N & Zamore, PD 2003, 'Asymmetry in the Assembly of the RNAi Enzyme Complex', Cell, vol. 115, no. 2, pp. 199-208.
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A key step in RNA interference (RNAi) is assembly of the RISC, the protein-siRNA complex that mediates target RNA cleavage. Here, we show that the two strands of an siRNA duplex are not equally eligible for assembly into RISC. Rather, both the absolute a

Shaosheng Zhou, Feng, G, Wu, SJ & Lin, CT 2003, 'Comment on 'Optimal fuzzy controller design: local concept approach' [with reply]', IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 279-279.
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Sharma, A & Agrawal, A 2003, 'Wide angle and bi-directional beam propagation using the collocation method for the non-paraxial wave equation', Optics Communications, vol. 216, no. 1-3, pp. 41-45.
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Sharma, D 2003, 'The multidimensionality of electricity reform—an Australian perspective', Energy Policy, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 1093-1102.
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Sheng, D 2003, 'Non-convexity of the Barcelona Basic Model ? Comment on S. J. Wheeler, D. Gallipoli and M. Karstunen (2002;26:1561-1571)', International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 879-881.
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Sheng, D & Sloan, SW 2003, 'Time stepping schemes for coupled displacement and pore pressur? analysis', Computational Mechanics, vol. 31, no. 1-2, pp. 122-134.
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Sheng, D, Sloan, SW, Gens, A & Smith, DW 2003, 'Finite element formulation and algorithms for unsaturated soils. Part I: Theory', International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 745-765.
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Sheng, D, Smith, DW, W. Sloan, S & Gens, A 2003, 'Finite element formulation and algorithms for unsaturated soils. Part II: Verification and application', International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 767-790.
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Shoudong Huang & James, MR 2003, 'l/sup ∞/ -bounded robustness for nonlinear systems: analysis and synthesis', IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 1875-1891.
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The purpose of this paper is to describe systematic analysis and design tools for robust control problems with l? criteria. We first generalize the Hill-Moylan-Willems framework for dissipative systems to accommodate l? criteria, and then derive state feedback and measurement feedback synthesis procedures for l? robust control problems. The information state framework is used for the measurement feedback robust control problem. Necessary and sufficient conditions are proved, and new synthesis procedures using dynamic programming are presented.

Simon, P, Thomas, PS, Okuliar, J & Ray, AS 2003, 'An incremental integral isoconversional method - Determination of activation parameters', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 867-874.
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An incremental integral isoconversional method for the determination of activation energy as a function of the extent of conversion is presented. The method is based on the treatment of experimental data without their transformation so that the resulting values of activation parameters should not be biased. The method was tested for recovering the activation energies from simulated data and employed for the treatment of experimental data of the NiS recrystallisation.

Singh Chaudhary, D, Vigneswaran, S, Hao Ngo, H, Shim, W-G & Moon, H 2003, 'RESEARCH PAPERS : GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON (GAC) BIOFILTER FOR LOW STRENGTH WASTEWATER TREATMENT', Environmental Engineering Research, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 184-192.
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Smith, DB & Aubrey, TA 2003, 'Performance degradation of differential space-time modulation in fast frequency flat fading Rayleigh MIMO channels', Electronics Letters, vol. 39, no. 17, pp. 1278-1278.
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Stewart, MG 2003, 'Cyclone damage and temporal changes to building vulnerability and economic risks for residential construction', Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, vol. 91, no. 5, pp. 671-691.
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A risk analysis procedure is developed to predict economic risks due to changes to existing housing vulnerability over time. The wind hazard and building vulnerability models are based on exposure of residential construction to cyclones in North Queensland, Australia. A feature of the building vulnerability model is that it includes the effect of enhanced (post-1980) building standards in North Queensland. A cyclone damage risk-cost-benefit analysis is then used to assess the economic viability of strengthening existing houses to post-1980 construction quality for temporal changes in economic risks for two scenarios: (i) retrofitting pre-1980 houses to post-1980 quality immediately after they experience cyclone damage, or (ii) rate of growth of the proportion of post-1980 construction. The cost of retrofit or additional cost of strengthened construction can be included in the risk analysis to help assess the economic viability of these and other scenarios. Results are given in terms of annual and annualised economic risks and the damage loss conditional on occurrence of an Average Recurrence Interval event. The annualised economic risk is a time-variant measure of risk that is influenced by temporal changes in building vulnerability, which can be used to help determine the time when a particular strengthening strategy will be economically viable. 'Zones of economic viability' determine the potential for cost-effective retrofitting of residential construction. The risk analysis also enabled the time to economic viability to be calculated. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Stewart, MG & Val, DV 2003, 'Multiple Limit States and Expected Failure Costs for Deteriorating Reinforced Concrete Bridges', Journal of Bridge Engineering, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 405-415.
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Accurate predictive analyses such as those associated with structural reliability and life-cycle costing are needed for the development of Bridge Management Systems. The present paper presents models for reliability and life-cycle cost analyses of reinforced concrete bridges damaged by corrosion. A stochastic deterioration process for corrosion initiation and propagation and then crack initiation and propagation are used to examine the effect of cracking, spalling, and loss of reinforcement area on structural strength and reliability. This will enable expected costs of failure for serviceability and ultimate strength limit states to be calculated and compared for different repair strategies and inspection intervals. It was found that, for a typical reinforced concrete slab bridge, the reduction of structural capacity at the time of severe cracking or spalling is relatively modest and causes probabilities of collapse conditional on spalling to increase by about an order of magnitude. Hence, expected costs of failure for serviceability were significantly higher than the expected costs of failure for ultimate strength limit states.

Stewart, MG, Rosowsky, DV & Huang, Z 2003, 'Hurricane Risks and Economic Viability of Strengthened Construction', Natural Hazards Review, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 12-19.
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This paper describes a procedure for evaluating the effect of changes to existing residential structural vulnerability on hurricane-induced building damage and expected insurance losses. Two scenario-based models are proposed for modeling changes in the vulnerability of the existing building stock due to improvements in building envelope performance, for both existing and new residential construction. The influence of changes in structural vulnerability over time on expected insurance losses can then be obtained. The cost of retrofit or additional cost to upgrade new construction can be included in the hurricane damage risk-cost-benefit analysis to assess the economic viability of this and other scenarios. 'Zones of economic viability' are developed that illustrate in a graphical manner whether retrofitting of existing residential construction is cost-effective. For example, in some cases retrofit costs of up to 40% of initial building costs may be economically viable. The risk analysis also enables the time to economic viability to be calculated.

Stewart, TD, Tipper, JL, Insley, G, Streicher, RM, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 2003, 'Long-term wear of ceramic matrix composite materials for hip prostheses under severe swing phase microseparation', Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, vol. 66B, no. 2, pp. 567-573.
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Stewart, TD, Tipper, JL, Insley, G, Streicher, RM, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 2003, 'Severe wear and fracture of zirconia heads against alumina inserts in hip simulator studies with microseparation', The Journal of Arthroplasty, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 726-734.
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The wear of zirconia femoral heads against alumina acetabular inserts with swing-phase microseparation was investigated in a hip joint simulator. Under mild microseparation conditions, the wear was very low, with an average wear rate of 0.05 mm3/million cycles reported over 5 million cycles of testing. However, under severe microseparation conditions representative of greater joint laxity, the wear rate of zirconia against alumina increased by 2 orders of magnitude, producing severe wear and, in one case, femoral head fracture. The adverse results of this study indicate that the combination of a zirconia femoral head articulating against an alumina acetabular insert is not recommended for clinical use. The results further raise concerns over the suitability of conventional simulators in evaluating the wear of ceramic hip prostheses. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Sukkarieh, S, Nettleton, E, Kim, J-H, Ridley, M, Goktogan, A & Durrant-Whyte, H 2003, 'The ANSER Project: Data Fusion Across Multiple Uninhabited Air Vehicles', The International Journal of Robotics Research, vol. 22, no. 7-8, pp. 505-539.
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The objective of the autonomous navigation and sensing experiment research (ANSER) project is to demonstrate decentralized data fusion (DDF) and simultaneous localization and map building (SLAM) across multiple uninhabited air vehicles (UAVs). To achieve this objective, the project specifies the development of four UAVs, where each UAV houses up to two terrain sensors and an INS/GPS navigation system. The terrain sensors include a scanning radar, laser/vision and standard vision system. The DDF concept has to be shown to be effective both on a single UAV and on multiple UAVs. The proof of the concept will lie in the ability of the DDF structure to conduct multi-target tracking problems as well as SLAM. To obtain this goal, a number of subgoals are required, most of which have never been attempted before on a research level. The objective of this paper is to present these goals as an overview of the ANSER project along with some simulated and real-time results.

Sundaravadivel, M & Vigneswaran, S 2003, 'Public Private Partnership Approach For Developing Urban Environmental Infrastructure', Journal of Indian Association for Environmental Management, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 1-8.

Sundaravadivel, M & Vigneswaran, S 2003, 'Strategies for waste management in small and medium towns of developing countries: a case study of India', Water Science and Technology, vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 277-283.
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This paper evaluates the issues of waste management in small and medium towns (SMTs) (with population in the range of 10,000-100,000) of India, and identifies the need for a multi-disciplinary approach encompassing technological, economic and financial aspects of the issues to effect improvements. A comprehensive set of cross-disciplinary strategies is suggested to improve the prevailing conditions with environmentally appropriate, economically efficient and financially self-sustaining waste management services. Based on a case study of four SMTs in the State of Tamil Nadu in India, this paper evaluates the application of the suggested strategies and offers policy recommendations.

Thomas, PS & Stuart, BH 2003, 'DSC characterisation of compression moulded PEEK-PTFE plaques', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 675-679.
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Compression moulded plaques of a range of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK)- poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) blends (100, 92, 48, 29, 9.5 and 0 mass% PEEK) have been characterised using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X-ray crystallography (WAXD). A shift in the melting peak of the PEEK phase from 347 to 358°C was observed with increasing proportion of PTFE in the blend. A narrowing of the melting range was also observed. Correspondingly, WAXD measurements showed a reduction in the d-spacings. The observed changes in morphology are rationalised in terms of a higher degree of order imparted on the PEEK crystalline phase by the transmission of an applied 'hydrostatic' pressure by the presence of the PTFE.

Thomas, PS, Hirschausen, D, White, RE, Guerbois, JP & Ray, AS 2003, 'Characterisation of the oxidation products of pyrite by thermogravimetric and evolved gas analysis', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 769-776.
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Museum specimens of pyrite are known to undergo oxidation even during storage. Characterisation of the oxidation products is however not always simple due to amorphous character and varying degrees of hydration of the oxidation products. This paper presents an alternative approach to the characterisation of oxidation products by identifying their presence from their characteristic thermal decomposition processes using thermogravimetric and evolved gas analysis. Four pyrite specimens were characterised with varying degrees of oxidation. Iron(II) and iron(III) sulphates were also characterised for comparative purposes. The degradation products were observed to correlate well with the presence of iron(II) sulphate even though there was found to be some discrepancy in the higher temperature decomposition reactions.

Thomas, PS, Simon, P & Ray, AS 2003, 'The effect of thermal history on the morphology of nickel sulphide', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 801-809.
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The DSC characterisation of the morphology of the metastable a phase of stoichiometric nickel sulphide was carried out using two calorimeters; a TA Instruments 2920 MDSC and a Perkin Elmer DSC-7, and two quenching histories. Based on these quenching histories, significant differences were observed in the heat flow curves, including the observation of a second exothermic peak which is tentatively assigned to be a metastable phase to metastable phase transformation. The kinetic constants for the a to b recrystallisation were determined as a function of degree of conversion using a mechanism free isoconversional model. Variations in the values of the kinetic constants were also ascribed to the quenching histories. Although the differences in morphology observed were ascribed to the processing history, the shift in the position of the a to b recrystallisation peak was partially attributed to the thermal resistances of the instruments used.

Tian, D, Shon, H-K, Chun, D-J, Jin, C-S, Gwon, E-M & Chung, W-J 2003, 'Isolation and characterization of sulfur-utilizing denitrifiers from the sulfur-oxidizing denitrification process', Biotechnology Letters, vol. 25, no. 19, pp. 1605-1608.
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Tong, L & Luo, Q 2003, 'Exact dynamic solutions to piezoelectric smart beams including peel stresses I: Theory and application', International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 40, no. 18, pp. 4789-4812.
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Tran, N, Cairns, MJ, Dawes, IW & Arndt, GM 2003, 'Expressing functional siRNAs in mammalian cells using convergent transcription', BMC Biotechnology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 21-21.
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Ude Lu, Hu, BC-P, Yu-Chuan Shih, Yuh-Shyong Yang, Chung-Yu Wu, Chiun-Jye Yuan, Ming-Dou Ker, Tung-Kung Wu, Yaw-Kuen Li, You-Zung Hsieh, Wensyang Hsu & Chin-Teng Lin 2003, 'CMOS chip as luminescent sensor for biochemical reactions', IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 310-316.
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Val, DV & Stewart, MG 2003, 'Life-cycle cost analysis of reinforced concrete structures in marine environments', Structural Safety, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 343-362.
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Chloride-induced corrosion of carbon steel reinforcement is the main cause of deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) structures in marine environments. One of the ways to protect RC structures from corrosion is to use corrosion-resistant stainless steel reinforcing bars. However, stainless steel is between six and nine times more expensive than carbon steel. Thus, its use can only be justified on a life-cycle cost basis. In the paper a time-variant probabilistic model was presented to predict expected costs of repair and replacement which was then used to calculate life-cycle costs for RC structures in marine environments under different exposure conditions. Results of the life-cycle cost analysis can be applied to select optimal strategies improving durability of RC structures in marine environments, including the use of stainless steel reinforcement. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Valf, S, Wysocki, T & Burnett, IS 2003, 'Convolutional Interleaver for Unequal Protection of Turbo Codes', 7th International Symposium on DSP and Communication Systems (DSPCS’03) combined with the 2nd Workshop on the Internet, Telecommunications and Signal Processing (WITSP’03),.

Van Mieghem, P, Kuipers, FA, Korkmaz, T, Krunz, M, Curado, M, Monteiro, E, Masip-Bruin, X, Solé-Pareta, J & Sánchez-López, S 2003, 'Quality of Service Routing', QUALITY OF FUTURE INTERNET SERVICES, vol. 2856, pp. 80-117.
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Vanti, WB, Nguyen, T, Cheng, R, Lynch, KR, George, SR & O’Dowd, BF 2003, 'Novel human G-protein-coupled receptors', Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 305, no. 1, pp. 67-71.
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G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important mediators of signal transduction and targets for pharmacological therapeutics. Novel receptor-ligand systems have been discovered through the identification and analysis of orphan GPCRs (oGPCRs). Here we describe the discovery of seven novel human genes encoding oGPCRs. Each novel oGPCR gene was discovered using customized searches of the GenBank genomic databases with previously known GPCR-encoding sequences. The expressed genes can now be used in assays to determine endogenous and pharmacological ligands. GPR133, GPR134, GPR135, GPR136, and GPR137 share identities with a prostate-specific odorant-like GPCR-encoding gene (PSGR). GPR138 and GPR139 share identities with an odorant-like gene derived from human erythroid cells. Transcripts encoding GPR133, GPR134, GPR135, GPR136, and GPR137 were detected in various CNS tissues. The expression of odorant-like genes in non-olfactory tissues requires further clarification, which may be achieved through the search for endogenous cognate ligands for these and other oGPCRs. © 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

VEITCH, D, ABRY, P & TAQQU, MS 2003, 'ON THE AUTOMATIC SELECTION OF THE ONSET OF SCALING', Fractals, vol. 11, no. 04, pp. 377-390.
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A method is developed for the automatic detection of the onset of scaling for long-range dependent (LRD) time series and other asymptotically scale-invariant processes. Based on wavelet techniques, it provides the lower cutoff scale for the regression that yields the scaling exponent. The method detects the onset of scaling through the dramatic improvement of a goodness-of-fit statistic taken as a function of this lower cutoff scale. It relies on qualitative features of the goodness-of-fit statistic and on features of the wavelet analysis. The method is easy to implement, appropriate for large data sets and highly robust. It is tested against 34 time series models and found to perform very well. Examples involving telecommunications data are presented.

Vigneswaran, S, Chaudhary, DS, Ngo, HH, Shim, WG & Moon, H 2003, 'Application of a PAC-membrane hybrid system for removal of organics from secondary sewage effluent: Experiments and modelling', SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 2183-2199.
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As world supplies of clean, fresh water come under increasing pressure and the need for water reuse rises, membrane technology is becoming increasingly important as a possible solution. However, membrane fouling is a major obstacle to the successful operation of the membrane process in wastewater treatment. In this study, a submerged hollow-fiber membrane with powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption was investigated for the removal of organics from secondary sewage effluent from a sewage treatment plant. The use of PAC in the membrane system was found to be very effective, not only in removing refractory organics, but also in reducing membrane clogging. A simple mathematical model was developed to predict the effluent quality [in terms of total organic carbon (TOC)] of the submerged membrane-adsorption hybrid system.

Weily, AR, Esselle, KP & Sanders, BC 2003, 'Photonic crystal horn and array antennas', Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, vol. 68, no. 1 2, pp. 166091-166096.
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Weily, AR, Esselle, KP & Sanders, BC 2003, 'Photonic crystal horn and array antennas', Physical Review E, vol. 68, no. 1.
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White, AG, Gilchrist, A, Pryde, GJ, O'Brien, JL, Bremner, MJ & Langford, NK 2003, 'Measuring Controlled-NOT and two-qubit gate operation', J.Opt.Soc.Am.B, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 172-183.
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Accurate characterisation of two-qubit gates will be critical for any realisation of quantum computation. We discuss a range of measurements aimed at characterising a two-qubit gate, specifically the CNOT gate. These measurements are architecture-independent, and range from simple truth table measurements, to single figure measures such as the fringe visibility, parity, fidelity, and entanglement witnesses, through to whole-state and whole-gate measures achieved respectively via quantum state and process tomography. In doing so, we examine critical differences between classical and quantum gate operation.

Widjaja, J, Samali, B & Li, J 2003, 'Electrorheological and Magnetorheological Duct Flow in Shear-Flow Mode Using Herschel-Bulkley Constitutive Model', Journal of Engineering Mechanics, vol. 129, no. 12, pp. 1459-1465.
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Williams, S, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Stone, MH & Fisher, J 2003, 'In vitro analysis of the wear, wear debris and biological activity of surface-engineered coatings for use in metal-on-metal total hip replacements', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, vol. 217, no. 3, pp. 155-163.
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Extremely low wear rates have been reported for metal-on-metal total hip replacements, but concerns remain about the effects of metal ion release, dissolution rates and toxicity. Surface-engineered coatings have the potential to improve wear resistance and reduce the biological activity of the wear debris produced. The aim of this study was to examine the wear and wear debris generation from surface-engineered coatings: titanium nitride (TiN), chromium nitride (CrN) and chromium carbon nitride (CrCN) applied to a cobalt-chrome alloy (CoCr) substrate. The coatings were articulated against themselves in a simple geometry model. The wear particles generated were characterized and the cytotoxic effect on U937 macrophages and L929 fibroblasts assessed. The CrN and CrCN coatings showed a decrease in wear compared to the CoCr bearings and produced small (less than 40 nm in length) wear particles. The wear particles released from the surface engineered bearings also showed a decreased cytotoxic effect on cells compared to the CoCr alloy debris. The reduced wear volumes coupled with the reduced cytotoxicity per unit volume of wear indicate the potential for the clinical application of this technology.

Williams, SB, Durrant-Whyte, H & Dissanayake, G 2003, 'Constrained initialization of the simultaneous localization and mapping algorithm', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS RESEARCH, vol. 22, no. 7-8, pp. 541-564.
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In this paper we present a novel feature initialization technique for the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm. The initialization scheme extends previous approaches for identifying new confirmed features and is shown to improve the steady-state performance of the filter by incorporating tentative features into the filter as soon as they are observed. Constraints are then applied between multiple feature estimates when a feature is confirmed. Observations that are subsequently deemed as spurious are removed from the state vector after an appropriate timeout. It is shown that information that would otherwise be lost can therefore be used consistently in the filter. Results of this algorithm applied to data collected using a submersible vehicle are also shown.

Wu, C, Hao, H & Zhou, Y 2003, 'Distinctive and fuzzy failure probability analysis of an anisotropic rock mass to explosion load', International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 767-786.
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Wu, C, Hao, H, Lu, Y & Zhou, Y 2003, 'Characteristics of stress waves recorded in small-scale field blast tests on a layered rock–soil site', Géotechnique, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 587-599.
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A series of field blast tests was carried out in Singapore to study the properties of stress waves inside (free field) and on the surface of a granite site. The stress wave properties inside the granite mass and on the rock surface, such as the peak value and principal frequency, as well as their spatial variations, were reported in a previous paper. Before the blast test, a soil layer of 1·5 m thickness was backfilled and compacted on the quarry test site. Accelerometers were also placed on the surface of the backfilled soil layer, inside the soil mass and on the rock–soil interface. This paper presents the recorded data associated with the backfilled soil layer. The attenuation relations of the peak particle acceleration (PPA), peak particle velocity (PPV) and especially the principal frequency (PF) of the stress wave on the soil surface, inside the soil mass and on the rock–soil surface are derived. They are compared with those recorded inside the granite mass and on the rock surface. Based on the results, the effects of different media on the stress wave propagation are discussed.

Wu, C, Lu, Y, Hao, H, Lim, WK, Zhou, Y & Seah, CC 2003, 'Characterisation of underground blast-induced ground motions from large-scale field tests', Shock Waves, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 237-252.
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Wu, CQ, Zhao, LC & Wu, YH 2003, 'Estimation in change-point hazard function models', Statistics & Probability Letters, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 41-48.
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In this paper, we consider hazard function models with a change-point allowing for random censoring when the base-line hazard function is unknown with some parameters. A non-parametric estimator of the change-point is proposed in the context of counting process. The estimators of change-point and other parameters are shown to be consistent. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Xiaojing Huang & Yunxin Li 2003, 'The PAM decomposition of CPM signals with integer modulation index', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 543-546.
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Ying, MS 2003, 'Reasoning about probabilistic sequential programs in a probabilistic logic', ACTA INFORMATICA, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 315-389.
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We introduce a notion of strong monotonicity of probabilistic predicate transformers. This notion enables us to establish a normal form theorem for monotone probabilistic predicate transformers. Three other healthiness conditions, namely, conjunctivity,

YouGuang Guo, Jian Guo Zhu, Jin Jiang Zhong & Wei Wu 2003, 'Core losses in claw pole permanent magnet machines with soft magnetic composite stators', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 3199-3201.
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Zhang, B & Krunz, M 2003, 'Algorithms and protocols for stateless constrained-based routing', Computer Communications, vol. 26, no. 14, pp. 1570-1580.
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Zhang, G, Lu, J & Wu, Y 2003, 'Formulation of linear programming problems with fuzzy coefficients of objective functions and constraints', Asian-Information - Science - Life, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 57-68.
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This paper concerns the solution of fuzzy linear programming problems (FLP) with fuzzy numbers in coefficients of objective functions and constraints. For constraints given by n equations / inequalities involving fuzzy numbers with isosceles triangle membership functions. we prove that the feasiible solution space is determined by 3n non-fuzzy equations / inequalities. For constraints involving fuzzy numbers with other forms of membership functions. We develop two numerical algorithms respectively for the determination of the feasible solution space and the solution of the FLP problem. An illuminative example is also given in this paper to demonstrate the validity of the methods and algorithms developed.

Zhang, GQ & Lu, J 2003, 'An integrated group decision-making method dealing with fuzzy preferences for alternatives and individual judgments for selection criteria', GROUP DECISION AND NEGOTIATION, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 501-515.
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Zhang, GQ, Wu, YH, Remias, M & Lu, J 2003, 'Formulation of fuzzy linear programming problems as four-objective constrained optimization problems', APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION, vol. 139, no. 2-3, pp. 383-399.
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This paper concerns the solution of fuzzy linear programming (FLP) problems which involve fuzzy numbers in coefficients of objective functions. Firstly, a number of concepts of optimal solutions to FLP problems are introduced and investigated. Then, a number of theorems are developed so as to convert the FLP to a multi-objective optimization problem with four-objective functions. Finally, two illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the solution procedure. It also shows that our method of solution includes an existing method as a special case

Zhang, J, Kennedy, RA & Abhayapala, TD 2003, 'Conditions and Performance of Ideal RAKE Reception for Ultra-Wideband Signals in Lognormal Fading Channels', International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 193-200.
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Zhang, N, Crowther, A, Liu, DK & Jeyakumaran, J 2003, 'A Finite Element Method for the Dynamic Analysis of Automatic Transmission Gear Shifting with a Four-Degree-of-Freedom Planetary Gearset Element', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, vol. 217, no. 6, pp. 461-473.
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A dynamic model of a passenger car automatic transmission and driveline is developed for simulating transient torsional vibration in gearshifts. A finite element method is proposed for presenting the transient dynamics of the parametric system, element matrices are defined and then global inertial, stiffness and damping matrices are formulated corresponding to the defined global coordinate vectors. A four-degree-of-freedom matrix element is developed that describes the rigid body dynamics of the planetary gear set and is then integrated with the driveline system; this element captures the parametric change while the transmission speed ratios vary over gearshifts. Free vibration analysis and a transient 2-3 upshift simulation are discussed and results presented.

Zhang, ZL, Hong, HS, Zhou, JL, Huang, J & Yu, G 2003, 'Fate and assessment of persistent organic pollutants in water and sediment from Minjiang River Estuary, Southeast China', Chemosphere, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 1423-1430.
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Persistent organochlorine compounds were analyzed in surface water, porewater and surficial sediment samples from Minjiang River Estuary, which is the first large river in Fujian Province, Southeast of China. The total concentrations of 18 organochlorine pesticides were 214.41819, 454113 699 ng/l, 28.7952.07 ng/g in surface water, porewater and sediments (dry weight) respectively, and those of 21 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the three phases were: 203.92473, 319210 855 ng/l, 15.1457.93 ng/g respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of these selected organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in porewater were higher than those in surface water. It may be due to the fact that these organic hydrophobic pollutants tend to stay in the sediments, and then re-suspend from the sedimentary phase to the upper water. We have analyzed the distribution characteristics of individual organochlorine pesticide components and PCBs, and found that a-HCH, DDE, Heptachlor, Endosulfan II, Methoxychlor were the most common organochlorine pesticides contaminants. Considering the groups of HCHs (HCHs = a-HCH + ß-HCH + ?-HCH + d-HCH) and DDTs (DDTs = DDT + DDD + DDE), the predominance of ß-HCH, DDE in all water, porewater and sediment samples was clearly observed. This observation suggested that ß-HCH was resistant to biodegradation and the DDTs had been transformed to its metabolites, DDE and DDD, of which DDE that was more un-degradable. The PCB congeners containing 36 chlorines had the great preponderance in the three phase. These results were compared with those present in other estuaries and harbors. A risk assessment was evaluated for the persistent organic pollutants in the Minjiang River Estuary.

Zhao, Y, Zhou, W, Huang, J, Yu, S & Lanham, EJ 2003, 'Self-adaptive clock synchronization for computational grid', Journal of Computer Science and Technology, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 434-441.
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Zhou, JL & Maskaoui, K 2003, 'Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and surface sediments from Daya Bay, China', Environmental Pollution, vol. 121, no. 2, pp. 269-281.
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Marine culture is thriving in China and represents a major component of the regional economy in coastal zones, yet the environmental quality of many of those areas has never been studied. This paper attempts to investigate the quality status of Daya Bay, a key aquaculture area in China. The levels of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in water and sediment samples of the bay. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs varied from 4228 to 29?325 ng l-1 in water, and from 115 to 1134 ng g-1 dry weight in sediments. In comparison to many other marine systems studied, the PAH levels in Daya Bay waters were relatively high, and at six sites they were sufficiently high (>10 µg l-1) to cause acute toxicity. The PAH composition pattern in sediments suggest dominance by medium to high molecular weight compounds, and the ratio of certain related PAHs indicate important pyrolytic and petrogenic sources. Further analysis showed that the distribution coefficient (KD) increased with the particular organic carbon content of sediments, consistent with the PAH partition theory. The organic carbon normalised distribution coefficient (Koc) also increased with the compounds' octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow), confirming the potential applicability of the linear free energy relationships in the modelling and prediction of PAH behaviour in marine environments.

Zhou, JL, Liu, YP & Abrahams, PW 2003, 'Trace metal behaviour in the Conwy estuary, North Wales', Chemosphere, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 429-440.
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The distribution of trace metals Zn, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd and Cr between suspended particulate matter (SPM) and water in the Conwy estuary, North Wales, has been studied in three surveys in 1998. Dissolved Cu and Mn showed some monthly variations. Most of the dissolved trace metals displayed a negative association with salinity, indicating rivers as a major source of inputs for them. Particulate Zn, Mn and Fe showed a decreasing concentration seaward, whilst the levels of Ni, Cu, Cr and Pb increased with salinity. SPM concentration was the most important variable significantly related to trace metal concentrations in SPM, with an inverse relationship between the two parameters. This was explained by the relative enrichment of trace metals in fine particles at low SPM concentrations and relative depletion of trace metals in coarse particles at high SPM concentrations. Particulate Zn, Mn and Pb were dominated by the fraction available to acetic acid (non-detrital), whilst particulate Ni, Fe and Cr were dominated by the fraction available to nitric acid (detrital). The partition coefficient of trace metals between SPM and water declined with increasing SPM concentration, consistent with the so-called particle concentration effect. Such a phenomenon may be explained by the presence of fine particles (including colloids) enriched with trace metals at low SPM concentrations, and the salinity-induced desorption.

Zhu, XQ & Law, SS 2003, 'Dynamic axle and wheel loads identification: laboratory studies', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 268, no. 5, pp. 855-879.
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Zhu, XQ & Law, SS 2003, 'Dynamic Behavior of Orthotropic Rectangular Plates under Moving Loads', Journal of Engineering Mechanics, vol. 129, no. 1, pp. 79-87.
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ZHU, XQ & LAW, SS 2003, 'IDENTIFICATION OF MOVING INTERACTION FORCES WITH INCOMPLETE VELOCITY INFORMATION', Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 1349-1366.
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Zhu, XQ & Law, SS 2003, 'Time Domain Identification of Moving Loads on Bridge Deck', Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, vol. 125, no. 2, pp. 187-198.
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A new time domain method is presented to identify moving loads on a bridge deck based on the measured responses. The bridge deck is modeled as an orthotropic plate and the loads are modeled as a group of four loads moving on top of the bridge deck at fixed distance apart. Dynamic behavior of the bridge deck is analyzed by the orthotropic plate theory and mode superposition technique. Like all inverse problems, this identification is an ill-conditioned problem, and a regularization technique is employed to stabilize the computations. The identified loads moving at different eccentricities are presented. Laboratory work on the force identification is also presented. The effect of incomplete measured modes in the responses is discussed, and an underestimation in the loads may result if the number of vibration mode for identification is larger than that in the responses. Computational simulations and laboratory tests show that the method is effective and practical for identification of individual wheel loads on bridge decks.

Zowghi, D & Gervasi, V 2003, 'On the interplay between consistency, completeness, and correctness in requirements evolution', INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 45, no. 14, pp. 993-1009.
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Abolhasan, M & Wysocki, T 1970, 'Displacement Based Route Update Strategies for Proactive Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks', Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Digital Signal Processing and Communication Systems (DSPCS03) and Proceedings of the the 2nd Workshop on the Internet, Telecommunications and Signal Processing (WITSP03), DSPCS03, University of Nebraska, Coolangatta, Qld., pp. 1-7.
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This paper presents a new route update strategy for performing proactive route discovery in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). In this strategy, the rate at which route updates are sent into the network is controlled by how often a node changes its location by a required distance. We refer to this updating strategy as Minimum Displacement Update Routing (MDUR). We implemented MDUR on top of the Fisheye State Routing (FSR) protocol and investigated its performance by simulation. The simulations where performed in a number of different scenarios, with varied network mobility, density, traffic and boundary. Our results indicate that MDUR has lower levels of control overhead than FSR and achieves higher levels of throughput as the density and the level of traffic in the network is increased.

Åslund, M, Canning, J, Poladian, L & de Sterke, CM 1970, 'Experimental Results of an Antisymmetric Grating Coupler in an all-fiber Geometry', Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides, Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides, OSA.
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Aslund, M, Canning, J, Poladian, L & de Sterke, M 1970, 'Novel Bragg grating translation detection technique with 10 nm spatial accuracy', Proceedings of the 2003 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference - IMOC 2003. (Cat. No.03TH8678), 2003 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference - IMOC 2003, IEEE, Iguazu Falls, BRAZIL, pp. 897-899.
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Azgin, A & Krunz, M 1970, 'Impact of channel modeling on the performance of wireless scheduling schemes', 2003 IEEE 58th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC 2003-Fall (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37484), 2003 IEEE 58th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC 2003-Fall (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37484), IEEE, Orlando, FL, pp. 3532-3536.
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Azgin, A & Krunz, M 1970, 'Scheduling in wireless cellular networks under probabilistic channel information', Proceedings. 12th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (IEEE Cat. No.03EX712), . 12th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, IEEE, DALLAS, TX, pp. 89-94.
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Beydoun, G & Al-Jadir, L 1970, 'Application of hierarchical incremental knowledge acquisition (HIKA) using an Object-Oriented Database Management System (OODBMS)', ENGINEERING INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMMUNICATIONS, 6th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Systems, C R L PUBLISHING LTD, CREMA, ITALY, pp. 85-93.

Blumenstein, M, Verma, B & Basli, H 1970, 'A novel feature extraction technique for the recognition of segmented handwritten characters', Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings., Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 137-141.
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High accuracy character recognition techniques can provide useful information for segmentation-based handwritten word recognition systems. This research describes neural network-based techniques for segmented character recognition that may be applied to the segmentation and recognition components of an off-line handwritten word recognition system. Two neural architectures along with two different feature extraction techniques were investigated. A novel technique for character feature extraction is discussed and compared with others in the literature. Recognition results above 80% are reported using characters automatically segmented from the CEDAR benchmark database as well as standard CEDAR alphanumerics.

Boardman, G, Zhu, J & Ha, QP 1970, 'Dynamic and Steady State Modelling of the Doubly Fed Twin Stator Induction Generator with Core Loss', International Conference on Renewable Energy and Power Quality, International Conference on Renewable Energy and Power Quality, European Assoc for the Development of Renewable Energy, Enviro and Power Qlty and Uni of Vigo, Spain, Vigo, Spain, pp. 332-339.

Boardman, G, Zhu, J & Ha, QP 1970, 'Synchronous Drive Performance of the Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Machine', Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 30-35.

Caluwaerts, R, Van Hove, M, Beyer, G, Hoofman, RJOM, Struyf, H, Verheyden, GJAM, Waeterloos, J, Tokei, Z, Iacopi, F, Carbonell, L, Le, QT, Das, A, Vos, I, Demuynck, S, Maex, K, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Post patterning meso porosity creation: A potential solution for pore sealing', PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2003 INTERNATIONAL INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 6th Annual International Interconnect Technology Conference, IEEE, BURLINGAME, CA, pp. 242-244.
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Canagasabey, A, Canning, J & Groothoff, N 1970, 'The effects of 355nm Hypersensitisation on the properties of boron co-doped germanosilicate glass', Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides, Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides, OSA.
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Canning, J 1970, 'Transporting and shaping light using structured optical waveguides', Proceedings of CAOL'2003. 1st International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers. Jontly with 1st Workshop on Precision Oscillations in Electronics and Optics (IEEE Cat. No.03EX715), CAOL'03. 1st International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers. Jointly with 1st Workshop on Precision Oscillations in Electronics and Optics, IEEE, pp. 36-38.
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� 2003 IEEE. In this paper some of the basic ideas underpinning these air-structured waveguides and how they can be used to both better understand propagation and tailor it for desired beam shaping both within the waveguide and beyond is explored.

Canning, J, Buckley, E & Lyytikainen, K 1970, 'Propagation in air by field superposition of scattered light within a Fresnel fibre', Journal of Lightwave Technology, OFC 2003 - Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibition, Opt. Soc. America, p. 2.
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The propagation of light along an air hole was achieved within an air-silica structured Fresnel waveguide with the holes distributed along the Fresnel zones of the fiber. The structure can be optimized to allow much broader band transmission of light along the central hole by adjusting its width. By adjusting these holes sizes and distribution, high sensitivity to adjusting parameters is possible without compromising propagation properties. The phase sensitivity of this process can be used to generate or enhance numerous sensor configurations.

Canning, J, Buckley, E & Lyytikainen, K 1970, 'Propagation in Air by Field Superposition of Scattered Light within a Fresnel Fibre', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, p. 2.
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Propagation of light at 1.5mm along an air hole is achieved within an air-silica structured Fresnel waveguide where the holes are distributed along the Fresnel zones of the fibre. Fresnel lensing is reported.

Canning, J, Buckley, E, Lyytikainen, K & Huntington, S 1970, 'Optical fibre Fresnel lenses and zone plates', Proceedings of the 2003 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference - IMOC 2003. (Cat. No.03TH8678), 2003 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference - IMOC 2003, IEEE, Iguazu Falls, BRAZIL, pp. 633-636.
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Canning, J, Canagasabey, A & Groothoff, N 1970, 'Hypersensitisation of optical fibres with 355nm', Proceedings of the 2003 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference - IMOC 2003. (Cat. No.03TH8678), 2003 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference - IMOC 2003, IEEE, Iguazu Falls, BRAZIL, pp. 973-976.
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Cao, L, Li, C, Zhang, C & Dai, R 1970, 'Open Giant Intelligent Information Systems and Its Multiagent-Oriented System Design', Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering Research and Practise, International Conference on Software Engineering Research and Practice, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 816-822.
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Open giant intelligent information system has been studied as a new field of complex intelligent information systems. In this paper, we mainly discuss about system design of this type of complex software systems. We first introduce system complexities, and then we discusse the applicability of multiagent-based approach for building open giant intelligent information system. A multiagent system computing model based on multiagent society frameworks and agent component patterns is proposed for constructing multiagent-oriented open giant intelligent systems. Then, we present a case study taking macroeconomic decision making as an instance of open giant intelligent information system. We discuss its system structure, decision-making mechanism, and system experiments. Our work shows multiagent-oriented open giant intelligent system on the basis of methodology of metasynthesis works well and effectively.

Cao, L, Luo, C, Li, C, Zhang, C & Dai, RW 1970, 'Open Giant Intelligent Information Systems and Its Agent-Oriented Abstraction Mechanism', Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, Knowledge Systems Institute, San Francisco, California, USA, pp. 85-89.

Cao, LB, Luo, D, Luo, C & Zhang, CQ 1970, 'Systematic engineering in designing architecture of telecommunications business intelligence system', DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF HYBRID INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 3rd International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS 03), I O S PRESS, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1084-1093.

Chandran, D 1970, 'Non-English Speaking Background Parents' Perceptions of the Internet - A Case Study in a Primary School', Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference WWW/Internet 2003 Volume 2, IADIS International Conference WWW/Internet, IADIS Press, Algarve, Portugal, pp. 754-758.

Chaudhary, DS, Guo, W, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, H & Vigneswaran, B 1970, 'Submerged Microfiltration: An Energy Efficient Process for Water Reuse', AWA Oz Water Convention and Conference, Australian Water Association Convention - Ozwater, AWA, Perth, Australia, pp. 1-9.

Chin-Teng Lin, Tsu-Tian Lee, Chun-Fei Hsu & Chih-Min Lin 1970, 'Hybrid adaptive fuzzy control wing rock motion system with H/sup ∞/ robust performance', Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2003., 2003 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, pp. 2372-2377.
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In this paper, a hybrid adaptive fuzzy control (HAFC) system is developed for a wing rock motion system. The design of HAFC system contains three parts: one is an indirect controller, the other is a direct controller and the last is a robust controller. A weighting factor α, which can be adjusted by a tradeoff between plant knowledge and control knowledge, is adopted to sum together the control efforts from the indirect and direct controllers. The robust controller is designed to achieve favorable control performance with a desired robustness. Simulation results demonstrate that the HAFC system can achieve favorable desired tracking performances for unknown the wing rock motion dynamics.

Collings, G & Ball, JE 1970, 'The Hydrological Effects of the January 94 Bush Fires on the Royal National Park', Proc. 28th International Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, The Institution of Engineers, Australia, Wollongong, NSW, Australia, pp. 161-168.
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Previous research into the hydrological effects of fire have found that runoff increases immediately after the fire. This was attributed to the removal of vegetation and a decrease in the initial losses associated with rainfall. Another possible cause for the increase in runoff is heat treating of. the soil as the fire scorches the soil and there is a resultant decrease in the ability of the water to infiltrate. After this initial period of increased runoff, the conversion of rainfall to runoff has been reported to decrease. This decrease in runoff has been attributed to increases in the evapo-transpiration losses of the forest. In January 1994, Sydney was surrounded by a number of wild fires. The Royal National Park which is located to the south of Sydney is one of the areas burnt by these bush fires. For a number of years, SCEE UNSW has operated and maintained a network of pluviometers and stream flow gauges within the Upper Hacking Catchment, which lies within the Royal National Park. During the January 1994 bush fires approx 30% - 40% of the monitored catchment was burnt. Analysis of pre and post fire daily totals was undertaken for the catchment to assess the impact of the fire. Excessive change in the rainfall-runoff relationship of the catchment determined through the lnltlal.analysls lead to the investigation of other parameters affecting the hydrology. It was shown that changes in the rainfall-runoff relationships due to the fire are interrelated to the changes in the rainfall-runoff relationship due to the onset of drought. Furthermore, it was shown through investigation of two catchments that changes in the rainfall-runoff relationships in both catchments were similar. Consequently, it was concluded that for the Royal National Park, the impacts of bush fires on the rainfall-runoff relationship are interrelated to the impacts of the drought on the rainfall-runoff relationship.

Collins, W, Tenenberg, J, Lister, R & Westbrook, S 1970, 'The role for framework libraries in CS2', ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education Conference, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Reno, Nevada, USA, pp. 403-404.
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The recent emergence of object-oriented framework libraries of classic data structures and algorithms such as the Standard Template Library and Java's Collection classes provides a set of general and efficient data structure components for use by practicing software developers. A number of textbook writers are beginning to incorporate the use of these frameworks into 'CS2', the traditional first course in data structures at the university level.There has scarcely been a discussion of how these frameworks should best be incorporated into CS2, if they should be used at all. The proposed panel will examine the role of standardized framework libraries in the first data structures course at the university level. Panelists will focus on the following questions. What are the fundamental objectives of CS2, and what role might frameworks have in meeting these objectives? How does an instructor balance student needs for additional instruction in programming basics (e.g. arrays and pointers) versus practice in larger scale design and code reuse? What would be given up to incorporate frameworks into CS2? And to what extent is it important for students to construct elementary data structures from first principles? What assumptions about student cognition and learning does a pro- or con-frameworks approach imply.By trying to articulate answers to some of the above questions, we hope to raise the level of discussion concerning the evolution of the introductory computer science curriculum. This panel will thus try to make explicit, and hence available for critical examination, some of the arguments and assumptions that inform this debate.

Collins, W, Tenenberg, J, Lister, R & Westbrook, S 1970, 'The role for framework libraries in CS2', Proceedings of the 34th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education, SIGCSE03: SIGCSE 2003 Symposium, ACM.
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Coulin, CR & Zowghi, D 1970, 'Agent-based Support for Requirements Elicitation', Proceedings of ACM ESEC/FSE International Workshop on Intelligent Technologies for Software Engineering WITSE03, European Software Engineering Conference, ACM Press, Helsinki, Finland, pp. 40-43.

Crews, K 1970, 'An Overview of the Development of Stress Laminated Cellular Timber Bridge Decks for Short to Medium Span Applications in Australia', High Performance Materials in Bridges, International Conference on High Performance Materials in Bridges, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 162-172.
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Stress laminated timber bridge deck technology has been established in Australia since 1991, resulting in the construction of over 40 prototype bridges. This paper presents an overview of the R&D undertaken to implement this technology, involving laboratory testing and field application of plate decks spanning up to 9m and high capacity cellular decks spanning 12m, with the potential to span up to 30m.

Crews, KI, Samali, B, Li, J & Bakoss, SL 1970, 'Assessing the Load Capacity of Timber Bridges Using Dynamic Methods', Proceedings of the NSW IPWEA State Conference 2002 - Coffs Harbour, NSW IPWEA State Conference 2002 - Coffs Harbour, IPWEA, coffs Harbour, Australia, pp. 1-10.

Curry, J, McGregor, C, Potok, TE & Elmore, M 1970, 'XML and the semantic web: implications and applications', 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the, 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the, IEEE, p. 121.
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Damian, DE & Zowghi, D 1970, 'An insight into the interplay between culture, conflict and distance in globally distributed requirements negotiations', 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the, 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the, IEEE, Hawaii, USA, pp. 1-10.
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Das, A, Le, QT, Furukawa, Y, Nguyen, VH, Terzieva, V, de Theije, F, Whelan, CM, Maenhoudt, M, Struyf, H, Tokei, Z, Iacopi, F, Stucchi, M, Carbonell, L, Vos, I, Bender, H, Patz, M, Beyer, G, Van Hove, M & Maex, K 1970, 'Characterisation of JSR's spin-on hardmask FF-02', MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, European Workshop on materials for Advanced Metallization, ELSEVIER, LONDE MAURES, FRANCE, pp. 308-313.
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Denford, M, O'Neill, T & Leaney, J 1970, 'Architecture-based design of computer based systems', ECBS 2003: 10TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON THE ENGINEERING OF COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE Computer Society, Huntsville, Alabama, USA, pp. 39-46.

Duan, L-Y, Xu, M & Tian, Q 1970, 'Semantic Shot Classification in Sports Video', SPIE Proceedings, Electronic Imaging 2003, SPIE, pp. 300-313.
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In this paper, we present a unified framework for semantic shot classification in sports videos. Unlike previous approaches, which focus on clustering by aggregating shots with similar low-level features, the proposed scheme makes use of domain knowledge of a specific sport to perform a top-down video shot classification, including identification of video shot classes for each sport, and supervised learning and classification of the given sports video with low-level and middle-level features extracted from the sports video. It is observed that for each sport we can predefine a small number of semantic shot classes, about 5-10, which covers 90-95% of sports broadcasting video. With the supervised learning method, we can map the low-level features to middle-level semantic video shot attributes such as dominant object motion (a player), camera motion patterns, and court shape, etc. On the basis of the appropriate fusion of those middle-level shot classes, we classify video shots into the predefined video shot classes, each of which has a clear semantic meaning. The proposed method has been tested over 4 types of sports videos: tennis, basketball, Volleyball and soccer. Good classification accuracy of 85-95% has been achieved. With correctly classified sports video shots, further structural and temporal analysis, such as event detection, video skimming, table of content, etc, will be greatly facilitated.

Duan, L-Y, Xu, M, Tian, Q & Xu, C-S 1970, 'Nonparametric color characterization using mean shift', Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia, MM03: 2003 11th Annual ACM International Conference on Multimedia, ACM, pp. 243-246.
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Color is very useful in locating and recognizing objects that occur in artificial environments. The color histogram has shown its efficiency and advantages as a general tool for various applications, such as content-based image retrieval and video browsing, object indexing and location, and video segmentation. However, due to the lack of any spatial and context information, the histogram is not robust and effective for color characterization (e.g. dominant color) in large video databases. In this paper, we propose a nonparametric color characterization model using mean shift procedure, with an emphasis on spatio-temporal consistency. Experimental results suggest that the color characterization model is much more effective for video indexing and browsing, particularly in the domain of structured video (e.g. sports video).

Duh, FB, Juang, CF & Lin, CT 1970, 'Application of neural fuzzy network to pulse compression with binary phase code', IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, 12th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, ST LOUIS, MO, pp. 1389-1394.
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To solve the existing dilemma between making good range resolution and maintaining the low average transmitted power, it is necessary for the pulse compression processing to give low range sidelobes in the modern high-resolution radar systems. The traditional pulse compression algorithms based on 13-element Barker code such as direct autocorrelation filter (ACF), least squares (LS) inverse filter, and linear programming (LP) filter have been developed, and the neural network algorithms were issued recently. However, the traditional algorithms cannot achieve the requirement of high signal-to-sidelobe ratio, and the normal neural network such as backpropagation (BP) network usually produces the extra problems of low convergence speed and sensitive to the Doppler frequency shift. To overcome these defects, a new approach using a neural fuzzy network with binary phase code to deal with pulse compression in a radar system is presented in this paper. The 13-element Barker code used as the binary phase signal code is carried out by six-layer self-constructing neural fuzzy network (SONFIN) with supervised learning algorithm. Simulation results show that this neural fuzzy network pulse compression (NFNPC) algorithm has the significant advantages in noise rejection performance, range resolution ability and Doppler tolerance, which are superior to the traditional and BP algorithms, and has faster convergence speed than BP algorithm.

Dutta-Roy, T, Zhang, N, Dissanayake, G & Wang, M 1970, 'Free Vibrational Analysis of Vehicle Powertrain Equipped With a Half Toroidal CVT', Proceedings of the 10th Asia-Pacific Vibration Conference, Asia Pacific Vibration Conference, Queensland University of Technology, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, pp. 109-114.

Dyson, LE 1970, 'Contructing Shared Online Learning Environments for Indigenous Cultural Inclusiveness', Proceedings 4th International Conference on Information Technology Based on Higer Education and Training, International Conference on Information Technology Based on Higer Education and Training, APRIMT, Marrakech, Morocco, pp. 555-559.

Dyson, LE 1970, 'Indigenous Australians in the Information Age: Exploring Issues of Neutrality in Information Technology', New Paradigms in Organisations, Markets and Society - Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Information Systems, European Conference on Information Systems, ECIS, Naples, Italy, pp. 1-12.
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Information Technology is not a neutral tool but a medium which embodies the values of the civilization which produced it. This could have serious implications for Indigenous Australians as they adopt the new technologies and move into the Information Age. Computer use is certainly low amongst Indigenous Australians, but a review of the existing literature shows no evidence of rejection of the technology on the grounds of its ideological bias. Instead, there appears to be an overwhelmingly enthusiastic response, limited only by a difficulty in accessing the technology due to cost, isolation, poor telecommunications infrastructure, low computer literacy and lack of awareness. It is proposed that attributes inherent in Information Technology, such as its flexibility, interactivity, its non-judgemental and non-hierarchical nature, and its use of graphics mitigate any potentially negative effects and allow Indigenous

Eager, D 1970, 'A Study Into LDPE as an Undersurfacing Material for Injury Prevention and Risk Minimisation in Children’s Playgrounds', Engineering/Technology Management: Safety Engineering and Risk Analysis, Technology and Society, Engineering Business Management, and Homeland Security, ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, ASMEDC, Washington DC, USA, pp. 1-9.
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Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) closed-cell foam is used extensively as an impact absorbing material for injury prevention and risk minimisation in a variety of applications, including children’s playground undersurfacing, padding for trampoline frames, and other fall zones. This paper presents and analyses the data from numerous impact tests performed on samples of LDPE of select different product thicknesses (10, 20, 30 and 40 mm), nominal Relative Densities (30, 45, 60 and 75 kg/m3) and drops or free height of fall (100 mm steps in heights from 300 to 2100 mm). The impact absorption properties of LDPE are characterized using the Australian and New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 4422: Playground Surfacing — Specifications, Requirements and Test Method. The gmax and HIC results are presented both graphically and numerically. This paper also discusses uses and limitations of LDPE with particular emphasis on injury prevention and risk minimisation.

Ernur, D, Iacopi, F, Carbonell, L, Struyf, H & Maex, K 1970, 'Influence of low-k dry etch chemistries on the properties of copper and a Ta-based diffusion barrier', MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, European Workshop on materials for Advanced Metallization, ELSEVIER, LONDE MAURES, FRANCE, pp. 285-292.
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Fernando, HNJ, Wosinski, L, Jaskorzynska, B, Dainese, M & Canning, J 1970, 'UV-Induced non-local stress relaxation in bimaterial systems', Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides, Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides, OSA.
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Fitch, R, Butler, Z, Rus, D, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Reconfiguration planning for heterogeneous self-reconfiguring robots', IROS 2003: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4, IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, LAS VEGAS, NV, pp. 2460-2467.

Furukawa, T, Durrant-Whyte, HF, Bourgault, F, Dissanayake, G, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Time-optimal coordinated control of the relative formation of multiple vehicles', 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS I-III, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation, IEEE Operations Centre, Kobe, Japan, pp. 259-264.
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This paper presents a solution to the time-optimal control of the relative formation of multiple vehicles. This is a problem in cooperative time-optimal control with a free terminal state constraint. In this paper, a canonical formulation of the problem is first derived. Then, a numerical technique to solve this class of problem is proposed. Numerical results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed formulation and solution to the problem of expeditiously building and controlling formations of cooperative autonomous vehicles.

Furukawa, T, Durrant-Whyte, HF, Dissanayake, G, Sukkarieh, S, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'The coordination of multiple UAVs for engaging multiple targets in a time-optimal manner', IROS 2003: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4, IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE Service Centre, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 36-41.
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This paper presents a solution to the real-time control of cooperative unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) that engage multiple targets in a time-optimal manner. Techniques to dynamically allocate vehicles to targets and to find the time-optimal control actions of vehicles are proposed. The effectiveness of the time-optimal control technique is first demonstrated through numerical examples. The proposed strategy is then applied to a practical battlefield problem where ten vehicles are required to engage four targets, and numerical results show the efficiency of the proposed strategy.

Gao, S, Hawryszkiewycz, IT & Xue, D 1970, 'Component-based collaborative virtual environment', International Conference on Information Technology: Research and Education, 2003. Proceedings. ITRE2003., International Conference on Information Technology: Research and Education, 2003. Proceedings. ITRE2003., IEEE, Newark, USA, pp. 421-425.
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Garcés-Chávez, V, McGloin, D, Padgett, MJ & Dholakia, K 1970, 'Observation of the simultaneous transfer of the spin and orbital angular momentum of light to an optically trapped particle', Frontiers in Optics, Frontiers in Optics, OSA.
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Gardner, AP & Goldsworthy, HM 1970, 'Testing elements of moment resisting connections for composite frames', ADVANCES IN STRUCTURES, VOLS 1 AND 2, International Conference on Advances in Structures, Steel, Concrete, Composite and Aluminium (ASSCCA 03), A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 765-770.
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A moment resisting connection has been proposed for a frame consisting of circular concretell~ d steel tube columns and composite steel and concrete beams. A series oftests at the University ofMelboume ?IHtoredthe behaviour ofa 'It.stub element ofthe proposed connection, under cyclic tension. The T-stub element orisisted of a rigid curved endplate welded to a tapered plate which formed the web ofthe 1. The curved endplate y#s then bolted to a concrete-filled CHS column, using Ajax blind bolts. Four of the test specimens had Grade 90 reinforcing bars of various configurations (long, short, straight, cogged) welded to the head of the blind olts to anchor the bolts into the concrete inside the CHS. This paper reports the results of these tests.

Ge, Y, Esselle, KP & Bird, TS 1970, 'Broadband E-shaped patch antennas for 5-6 GHz wireless computer networks', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. Digest. Held in conjunction with: USNC/CNC/URSI North American Radio Sci. Meeting (Cat. No.03CH37450), 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation: URSI North American Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, pp. 942-945.
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Several probe-fed E-shaped microstrip patch antennas, which are targeted at wireless computer networks and other similar systems operating in the 5.0-6.0 GHz frequency range, are presented. The gap between the patch and the ground plane is filled by foam or air. The effect of the height of the antenna and the size of the ground plane on the antenna bandwidth is investigated. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the required bandwidth can be achieved with a height of about 3.5 mm.

Gero, JS & Jupp, JR 1970, 'Feature Based Qualitative Representation of Architectural Plans Information Contained In 2-Dimensional Design Drawings.', CAADRIA proceedings, CAADRIA 2003, CAADRIA.
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Goktogan, AH, Furukawa, T, Mathews, G, Sukkarieh, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Time-Optimal Cooperation of Multiple UAVs in Real-Time Simulation', Proceedings of the 2nd Computational Intelligence, Robotics and Autonomous Systems (CIRAS 2003), International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, National University of Singapore, Singapore, pp. 1-6.

Gunes, H, Piccardi, M & Jan, T 1970, 'Performance evaluation of an automated classifier of female facial beauty', CISST'03: PROCEEDING OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGING SCIENCE, SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2, International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems and Technology (CISST 03), C S R E A PRESS, LAS VEGAS, NV, pp. 652-656.

Guo, W, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, H & Ben Aim, RM 1970, 'Evaluating the Efficiency of Pretreatment to Microfiltration: Using Critical Flux As a Performance Indicator', IMSTEC 2003, International Membrance Science and Technology Conference, AWA-UNESCO Membrane Centre, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-6.

Guo, W, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, H, Shon, H & Shimohoki, S 1970, 'Improving the Performance of a Crossflow Microfiltration in Tertiary Wastewater Treatment and Reuse By Specific Pre-Treatment Processes', ASIAN WaterQual 2003, IWA Asia-Pacific Regional Conference, IWA-Regional Publication, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 1-8.

Guo, X & Lu, J 1970, 'Building Intelligent e-Government: A Strategic Development Model in Context of Australia', Building Society Through e-Commerce: e-Government, e-Business and e-Learning, Collaborative Electronic Commerce Technology and Research, Collector Latam Editions, Santiago, Chile, pp. 35-45.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Watterson, PA & Wu, W 1970, 'Design and Analysis of a Three-Phase Three-Stack Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Motor with SMC Stator', Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, Australasian Universitites Power Engineering Conference, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 85-90.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Zhong, J, Watterson, PA & Wu, W 1970, 'An Improved Method for Predicting Iron Losses in SMC Electrical Machines', Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Applied Electromagnetic and Mechanics, The 11th International Symposium on Applied Electomagnetics and Mechanics, Technical Committee of the International Symposium on Applied Electromagnetic and Mechanics, Versailles, France, pp. 78-79.

Guo, Y, Zhu, JG, Watterson, PA & Wu, W 1970, 'Design and analysis of a transverse flux machine with soft magnetic composite core', ICEMS 2003 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Academic Publishers/World Publishing Corporation, Beijing, China, pp. 153-157.
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This paper presents the design and performance analysis of a three phase, three stack permanent magnet transverse flux motor with soft magnetic composite core. To predict and optimize the major parameters, three-dimensional finite element analysis is performed. The performance is calculated when the motor operates with a brushless DC drive.

Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Watterson, PA, Holliday, WM & Wu, W 1970, 'Improved design and performance analysis of a claw pole permanent SMC motor with sensorless brushless DC drive', The Fifth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2003. PEDS 2003., Fifth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 704-709.
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Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Zhong, JJ & Wu, W 1970, 'Core losses in claw pole permanent magnet machines with soft magnetic composite stators', Digest of INTERMAG 2003. International Magnetics Conference (Cat. No.03CH37401), Digests of INTERMAG 2003. International Magnetics Conference, IEEE.
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© 2003 IEEE. In this paper, out line the core loss calculation in a claw pole permanent magnet soft magnetic composite (SMC) machine by using a finite element analysis of magnetic field. The total core loss is computed by separating the hysteresis, eddy current, and anomalous losses in each element, when the rotor rotates.

Halkon, B & Rothberg, S 1970, 'Continuous Scanning Laser Vibrometry for Measurements on Rotating Structures', Materials Science Forum, 5th International Conference on Modern Practice in Stress and Vibration Analysis, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., GLASGOW, SCOTLAND, pp. 245-252.
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Hamalainen, M, Saloranta, J, Makela, J, Oppermann, I & Patana, T 1970, 'Ultra wideband signal impact on IEEE802.11b and bluetooth performances', 14th IEEE Proceedings on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2003. PIMRC 2003., 14th IEEE on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2003. PIMRC 2003., IEEE, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 280-284.
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Hamalainen, M, Saloranta, J, Makela, J-P, Oppermann, I & Patana, T 1970, 'Ultra wideband signal impact on IEEE802.1 lb and Bluetooth performances', 14th IEEE Proceedings on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2003. PIMRC 2003., 14th IEEE 2003 International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications., IEEE, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 2943-2947.
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Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'A Learning Object Frameworks for Agent Supported Personalized Learning Services', Proceedings of Ed-Media 2003, Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications, Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, pp. 1542-1545.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Active Portals to Support Collaborative Business Processes', AMCIS 2003 Connect in Tampa, Americas Conference on Information Systems, unknown, Tampa, Florida, USA, pp. 1-8.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Agent support for personalized learning services', Proceedings 3rd IEEE International Conference on Advanced Technologies, 3rd IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, IEEE Comput. Soc, Athens, Greece, pp. 332-333.
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Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Providing Personalized Learning Services', Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Computers and Advanced Technology in Education, IASTED International Conference on Computers and Advanced Technology in Education, ACTA Press, Rhodes, Greece, pp. 1-6.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Web Supported Competency Based Approach to Learning about Electronic Commerce', eTransformation Conference Proceedings, Bled Electronic Commerce Conference, University of Maribor, Bled, Slovenia, pp. 1-10.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT & Gao, S 1970, 'Managing the Complexity of Emergent Processes', Proceedings from the Fifth International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems Volume 3, International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, ICEIS 2003, Angers, France, pp. 1-8.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT & Gao, S 1970, 'Managing the Complexity of Emergent Processes', Proceedings from the Fifth International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems Volume 3, International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, ICEIS 2003, Angers, France, pp. 1-8.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT & Lin, A 1970, 'Process knowledge support for emergent processes', Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Information and Knowledge Sharing, IASTED International Conference on Information and Knowledge Sharing, ACTA Press, Scotsdale, Arizona, USA, pp. 83-87.
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Support for collaborative work requires knowledge about ways to manage collaborative processes to achieve common goals. The process knowledge can then be used to support users to facilitate collaboration through adapting collaborative processes to evolving collaborative needs. Such support systems require a way to describe collaborative processes. The paper first proposes an ontology to describe collaborative work and proposes a multi-agent architecture defined in terms of the ontology to support collaborative processes. It then defines ways to structure the agents to develop collaborative knowledge.

Hawryzkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Agent architectures to support collaborative processes', Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials (Cat. No.03CH37417), Fourth International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, IEEE Comput. Soc, Rome, Italy, pp. 157-165.
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This paper proposes an approach to developing agents that can be reused in a number of collaborative applications. It particularly concerns those applications that evolve rapidly over time and need continual reconfiguration. This particularly applies to knowledge intensive processes in virtual environments, which requires quick reconfiguration to make then sustainable. It bases the agents architecture on a collaborative metamodel, which provides the ontology for building reusable software agents within collaborative environments. The paper describes the collaborative metamodel, an example and a prototype implementation and ways to integrate the model with agent systems.

He, S, Wu, Q, Liu, D & Zheng, L 1970, 'A Distributed and Parallel Edge Detection Scheme within Spiral Architecture', Proceedings of the Third IASTED International Conference on Visualisation, Imaging and Image Processing, IASTED International Conference on Visualisation, Imaging and Image Processing, ACTA Press, Benalmadena, Spain, pp. 371-375.

He, X, Wu, Q, Hintz, T & Wang, H 1970, 'Faster and more accurate edge detection on Spiral Architecture', Proceedings of the International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems and Technology, CISST, International Conference Imaging Science, Systems and Technology, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 186-191.
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In this paper, a parallel and distributed algorithm on Spiral Architecture for edge- detection is proposed. The proposed algorithm is based on Master-Slave model. The master node uniformly separates an image using a Spiral Multiplication and sends each slave node a sub-image. Each slave node performs edge detection on the sub-image based on the gradient of image brightness function. Image noise is suppressed by a convolution with Gaussian kerne! before edge points are detected. The gradient consists of three components in three diagonal directions. This detection scheme guarantees a well-balancing load among the slave nodes. Its processing speed is greatly reduced through simultaneous and parallel processes on sub-images. Its accuracy is enhanced by a better approximation of the gradient component.

Her-Chang Pu, Chin-Teng Lin, Sheng-Fu Liang & Kumar, N 1970, 'A novel neural-network-based image resolution enhancement', The 12th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, 2003. FUZZ '03., 12th International Fuzzy Systems Conference, IEEE, ST LOUIS, MO, pp. 1428-1433.
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Hintz, T & Wu, Q 1970, 'Image compression on Spiral Architecture', Proceedings of the International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems and Technology, CISST, International Conference Imaging Science, Systems and Technology, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 201-204.
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Spiral Architecture is a new and powerful approach to a general-purpose machine vision system. Earlier research on the Spiral Architecture focused on the properties of undistorted translation, rotation and scaling. The research reported here uses the properties of the pixel address labelling scheme. The property of interest is the physical proximity of the hexagonal pixels with neighbouring addresses. Rectangular systems may, for instance, have vertical physically adjacent pixels but the address distance is the length of a scan line. It is demonstrated that in the Spiral Architecture, unlike the rectangular system, many images have the property that neighbouring pixels have similar intensities thus giving opportunities for better compression.

Hoang, DB & Li, M 1970, 'Fair Intelligent Congestion Control over DiffServ: A Resource Discovery and Control Scheme for DiffServ', Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT 2003), International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies, Assumption Univeristy,Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 354-359.

Hoang, DB, Yousef, B, Rogers, G & IEEE 1970, 'The design of a secure, extensible, and deployable-programmable network platform', ICON 2003: 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKS, IEEE International Conference on Networks, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 63-68.
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Active networks present a novel approach to network customization and service deployment. However, they introduce serious security, scalability, and performance compromises at the heart of networks that render their use onto commercial platforms impractical. In this paper, we present a programmable architecture that is capable of deployment onto commercial platforms, while providing service accommodation with secure user separation in an extensible control plane and verified access to a realtime forwarding plane. We envision the architecture as an enabling framework that facilitates the transfer of programmable network technology to the real world.

Hoang, DB, Yu, Q, Li, M & Feng, DD 1970, 'Fair intelligent congestion control resource discovery protocol on TCP based network', CONVERGED NETWORKING: DATA AND REAL-TIME COMMUNICATIONS OVER IP, 6TH International Symposium on Communications Internetworking, Kluwer Publishers, Perth, Australia, pp. 145-159.

Hohn, N & Veitch, D 1970, 'Inverting sampled traffic', Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement - IMC '03, the 2003 ACM SIGCOMM conference, ACM Press, ACM, pp. 222-233.
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Hohn, N, Veitch, D & Abry, P 1970, 'The impact of the flow arrival process in Internet traffic', Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2003. Proceedings.(ICASSP’03). 2003 IEEE International Conference on, IEEE, pp. VI-37.

Hohn, N, Veitch, D & Abry, P 1970, 'The impact of the flow arrival process in Internet traffic', ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings, pp. 37-40.
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Internet packet data is analysed to determine the relationship between the arrival process of packets, and of TCP flows of packets. Viewed as point processes, second order properties of the two processes are studied using wavelets, and each is found to have long-range dependence. A new result is given directly linking flow durations to the onset scale of the long range dependence in the flow process. Using this result a mechanism is described whereby the flow level structure could in principle influence the packet level structure, and it is shown and explained why this is not the case currently. The circumstances under which the flow structure could impact on the packet process, and therefore become important for the modeling of the packet level dynamics, are given.

Hong Zhou & Doan Hoang 1970, 'Analysing quality of service performance in packet-switched networks', 9th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (IEEE Cat. No.03EX732), 9th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, IEEE, pp. 1111-1114.
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© 2003 IEEE. Starting from the principle of delay constancy requirements of quality of service (QoS) for real-time applications, this paper defines a framework for analysing both the statistical and deterministic end-to-end delay performance in packet switched networks. The framework is based on a novel general queueing model and virtual session server. The paper shows that overall variable packet delay can be decomposed into three separate components; each characterizes and isolates specific factors that constitute the delay components. This separation allows us to derive an expression for the end-to-end delay bound in a packet switched networks of arbitrary topology.

Huang, S, James, MR, Nesic, D & Dower, P 1970, 'On practical input to state stabilization for nonlinear discrete-time systems: A dynamic programming approach', 2003 European Control Conference (ECC), 2003 European Control Conference (ECC), IEEE, University of Cambridge, UK.
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Huang, XJ, Li, YX & Nguyen, S 1970, 'Sample rate conversion by trapezoidal interpolation for software defined radio', PIMRC 2003: 14TH IEEE 2003 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL, INDOOR AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 2003, 14th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, PUBLISHING HOUSE ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 135-139.

Huntington, S, Lyytikainen, K & Canning, J 1970, 'Crack generation and removal in cleaved air-silica structured optical fibres', Proceedings of the 2003 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference - IMOC 2003. (Cat. No.03TH8678), 2003 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference - IMOC 2003, IEEE, Iguazu Falls, BRAZIL, pp. 997-1000.
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Iacopi, F, Patz, M, Vos, I, Tokei, Z, Sijmus, B, Le, QT, Sleeckx, E, Eyckens, B, Struyf, H, Das, A & Maex, K 1970, 'Impact of LKD5109 (TM) low-k to cap/liner interfaces in single damascene process and performance', MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, European Workshop on materials for Advanced Metallization, ELSEVIER, LONDE MAURES, FRANCE, pp. 293-301.
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Indraratna, B & Salim, W 1970, 'Deformation and Degradation Mechanics of Recycled Ballast Stabilised with Geosynthetics', Soils and Foundations, 3rd International Symposium on Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials, Elsevier BV, LYON, FRANCE, pp. 35-46.
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Jan, T, Piccardi, M & Gunes, H 1970, 'Suspicious behavior assessment for visual surveillance using neural network classifiers', CISST'03: PROCEEDING OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGING SCIENCE, SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2, International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems and Technology (CISST 03), C S R E A PRESS, LAS VEGAS, NV, pp. 657-661.

Jan, T, Piccardi, M & Hintz, T 1970, 'Neural network classifiers for automated video surveillance', 2003 IEEE XIII Workshop on Neural Networks for Signal Processing (IEEE Cat. No.03TH8718), 2003 IEEE XIII Workshop on Neural Networks for Signal Processing (IEEE Cat. No.03TH8718), IEEE, Toulouse, France, pp. 729-739.
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n automated visual surveillance applications, detection of suspicious human behaviors is of great practical importance. However due to random nature of human movements, reliable classification of suspicious human movements can be very difficult. Artificial neural network (ANN) classifiers can perform well however their computational requirements can be very large for real time implementation. In this paper, a data-based modeling neural network such as modified probabilistic neural network (MPNN) is introduced which partitions the decision space nonlinearly in order to achieve reliable classification, however still with acceptable computations. The experiment shows that the compact MPNN attains good classification performance compared to that of other larger conventional neural network based classifiers such as multilayer perceptron (MLP) and self organising map (SOM).

Janotka, I, Ray, AS & Samarin, A 1970, 'Zeolite blended cement for better sulphate resistance', Proceedings of the 21st Biennial Conference of the Concrete Institute of Australia 2003, Biennial Conference of the Concrete Institute of Australia, Concrete Institute of Australia, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 233-241.

Johnston, A & Johnson, CS 1970, 'Extreme Programming: A More Musical Approach to Software Development?', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 325-327.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003. This paper considers the relationship between software development as it is typically practiced, the Extreme Programming methodology and the learning and working environment of those involved in a creative art – music. In particular we emphasise how pair programming can facilitate an increase in the overall skill level of individuals and teams, and relate this to musicians’ development of models of excellence through ensemble playing. Consideration is also given to the psychology of music performance and its relevance to the pursuit of excellence in software development.

Jong-Hyuk Kim & Sukkarieh, S 1970, 'Airborne simultaneous localisation and map building', 2003 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.03CH37422), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. IEEE ICRA 2003, IEEE, IEEE, pp. 406-411.
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Kang, K 1970, 'Effective Design of Global Web Sites for International Consumers', E-Business and Organizations in the 21st Century. Proceedings of the 2003 International Business Information Management Conference, International Business Information Management, International Business Information Management Association, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 1-3.

Kang, KS 1970, 'User interface design for the web based e-commerce sites and cultural issues', Proceedings of the International Conference on Internet Computing, International Conference on Internet Computing, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 346-349.
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This document addresses user interface design and cultural issues for the web based e-commerce sites. Considering the cultural issues of web design in implementing web-based e-commerce will make available guidelines for the global use of electronic business. This paper summarizes recent work on implementation issues for the improvement of graphic and text usage in different system environments and web interface design issues, which should be designed to suit users on a global level, and discusses examples of effective popular business web site interfaces currently in use.

Kim, D, Shon, H, Vigneswaran, S & Cho, J 1970, 'Evaluating Interactions Between NOM Molecules and Various Membranes with Flow Field -Flow Fractionation', IMSTEC 2003, Fifth International Membrane Science and Technology Conference, AWA-UNESCO Membrane Centre, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-6.

Kingsmill, A, Jones, S & Zhu, J 1970, 'Application of new condition monitoring technologies in the electricity transmission industry', ICEMS 2003 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Academic Publishers, World Publishing Corporation, Beijing, China, pp. 852-855.
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In recent years a number of new devices and systems have become available in the electricity industry that perform continuous, online monitoring of key parameters or indicators of the condition of high voltage plant. 'Online condition monitoring', as it is known, has the potential to generate significant impact in the areas of condition assessment and asset management strategies. However, these benefits will only be realised when analysis can be performed to extract the meaning of the data provided by the devices and systems. This paper describes the steps TransGrid is taking to effectively implement online condition monitoring, with particular focus on some of the analysis that can be performed on online monitoring information.

Kingsmill, AJ, Jones, SL & Zhu, J 1970, 'Possible Uses of Online Condition Monitoring for Real Time Rating of Substation Equipment', Australasian Universitites Power Engineering Conference, Australian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 152-157.

Kong, X & Liu, L 1970, 'Critical Feature Method - A Lightweight Web Maintenance methodology for SMEs', 4th International We-B Conference 2003, International We-B Conference, We-B Centre, School of Management Information Systems, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia, pp. 1-9.

Kristensen, M & Canning, J 1970, 'Spectral and temporal characteristics of luminescence from hydrogen-loaded germanium-doped fiber excited at 244nm', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers.
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Hydrogen-loaded fiber exhibits a broader luminescence spectrum than pristine fiber when irradiated with ultraviolet light. The lifetime of the luminescence is extended and the intensity and shape remain almost constant during the irradiation. We investigate the differences and present two models for interpretation.

Kwok, N & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Bearing-only SLAM in Indoor Environments Using a Modified Particle Filter', Proceedings of the Australasian Conference on Robotics & Automation 2003, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1-8.

Kwok, N & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Simultaneous Localization and Mapping in Unstructured Indoor Environments', Proceedings for the 2nd International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Robotics and Autonomous Systems (CIRAS 2003), International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, Centre for Intelligent Control, National University of Singapore, Singapore, pp. 1-6.

Lal, S & Craig, AR 1970, 'Description and assessment of algorithm for detecting fatigue levels from the EEG of drivers', Proceedings of the World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering 2003, World Congress on Medical & Biomedical Engineering, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-5.

Lal, S & Craig, AR 1970, 'Towards a countermeasure device to detect fatigue in drivers', Proceedings of the 21st ARRB and 11th REAAA Conference, ARRB and 11th REAAA Conference, ARRB Transport Research Ltd, Cairns, Australia, pp. 1-6.

Lam, HK, Ling, SH, Leung, FHF, Tam, PKS & Lee, Y 1970, 'Gain estimation for an AC power line data network transmitter using a neural-fuzzy network and an improved genetic algorithm', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2, 12th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, ST LOUIS, MO, pp. 167-172.

Lavian, T, Wang, P, Durairaj, R, Hoang, D & Travostino, F 1970, 'Edge device multi-unicasting for video streaming', 10th International Conference on Telecommunications, 2003. ICT 2003., 10th International Conference on Telecommunication. ICT'2003. Conference Proceedings, IEEE, Tahiti, French Polynesia, pp. 1441-1447.
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After a decade of research and development, IP multicast has still not been deployed widely in the global Internet due to many open technical issues: lack of admission control, poorly scaled with large number of groups, and requiring substantial infrastructure modifications. To provide the benefits of IP multicast without requiring direct router support of the presence of a physical broadcast medium, various application level multicast (ALM) models have been attempted. However, there are still several problems with ALM: unnecessary coupling between an application and its multicasting supports, bottleneck problem at network access links and considerable processing power required at the end nodes to support ALM mechanisms. This paper proposes an architecture to address these problems by delegating application-multicasting support mechanisms to smart edge devices associated with the application end nodes. The architecture gives rise to an interesting edge device any-casting technology that lies between the IP-multicasting and the application layer multicasting and enjoys the benefits of both. Furthermore, the architecture may provide sufficient cost-benefit for adoption by service providers. The paper presents initial results obtained from the implementation of a video streaming application over the testbed that implements the proposed architecture.

Lee, S, Sheridan-Smith, NB, O'Neill, T, Leaney, JR, Sandrasegaran, K & Markovits, S 1970, 'Managing the Enriched Experience Network - Learning-Outcome Approach to the Experimental Design Life-Cycle', Proceedings of the Australian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ATNAC'03), Australian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference, Australian Telecommunications CRC, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-5.

Li, C, Zhang, C & Cao, L 1970, 'Theoretical Evaluation of Ring-Based Architectural Model for Middle Agents in Agent-Based System', Foundations of Intelligent Systems. 14th Symposium, ISMIS 2003 Proceedings, International Symposium on Foundations of Intelligent Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Maebashi City, Japan, pp. 603-607.
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Ring-based architectural model is usually employed to promote the scalability and robustness of agent-based systems. However there are no criteria for evaluating the performance of ring-based architectural model. In this paper, we introduce an evaluation approach to comparing the performance of ring-based architectural model with other ones. In order to evaluate ring-based architectural model, we proposed an application-based information-gathering system with middle agents, which are organized with ring-based architectural model and solve the matching problem between service provider agents and requester agents. We evaluate the ring-based architectural model with performance predictability, adaptability, and availability. We demonstrate the potentials of ring-based architectural model by the results of evaluation.

Li, J, Samali, B & Crews, KI 1970, 'Determining Individual Member Stiffness of Bridge Structure Using a Simple Dynamic Procedure', Proceedings of the 10th Asia Pacific Vibration Conference, Asia Pacific Vibration Conference, Queensland University of Technology, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, pp. 379-384.

Li, L, Paganini, F, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Structured frequency weighted model reduction', 42ND IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-6, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, Maui, Hawaii, USA, pp. 2841-2846.
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We consider the problem of reducing a model in a way that preserves a partition of the system states. This is motivated, for instance, in situations where state variables are associated with the topology of a networked system. In earlier work we proposed an LMI method based on block-structured generalized controllability and observability gramians; to make such strategy feasible, coprime factor model reduction was employed. In this paper, we consider the frequency-weighted version of the problem. This is motivated by the usual desire to have model accuracy vary with frequency, but also by the fact that the feasibility of our LMI method can be greatly enhanced through frequency weighting. We show that block-structure can be imposed directly in gramians for frequency weighted problems, and often gives a feasible solution without the need to resort to coprime factors. We also explore the coprime factor version, and give comparisons to other related work in this area.

Li, M & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Achieving Flow Fairness in DiffServ Class: Per-Flow Fair Admission Control over Differentiated Service Network', Proceedings of the ACIS Fourth Intrnational Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Compting (SNPD'03), International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing, International Association for Computer and Information Science (ACIS), Lubeck, Germany, pp. 55-61.

Li, M, Hoang, DB, Simmonds, AJ & IEEE 1970, 'Fair intelligent admission control over DiffServ network', ICON 2003: 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKS, IEEE International Conference on Networks, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 501-506.
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Lin, A, Henderson-Sellers, B & Hawryszkiewycz, I 1970, 'An Agent-Based Collaborative Architecture for Knowledge-driven Process Management', Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering Research and Practise, International Conference on Software Engineering Research and Practice, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 996-1002.
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This paper proposes an agent-based collaborative architecture for collaborative work. This architecture is applied to knowledge-driven process management, which often requires quick reconfiguration of applications. Using this architecture, an open multi-agent system is integrated with a virtual collaborative environment. The virtual collaborative environment provides the representation and management for knowledge-driven processes. The open multi-agent system is quickly reconfigurable to provide suitable autonomous functions that perform the knowledge-driven processes.

Lin, A, Huang, ML & Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'A web-based interactive visual component for online collaborative business process management', Proceedings of the International Conference on Internet Computing, International Conference on Internet Computing, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 153-159.
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This paper describes a web-based interactive visual component for supporting online collaborative business process management. This component supports not only the outputs of visual information but also the input of visual information interactively. Most of traditional web-based visualizations are only used for viewing information and they are not interactive. They focused on how rich graphics could simplify the cognition process in understanding information, but they paid less attention on how to use visualizations as an interface for input and output of information. Most traditional web-based visual components are unable to send input information from web clients to web servers, especially when network firewalls or proxies exist between the web clients and the web server. The web-based interactive visual component introduced in the paper employs a HTTP-based communication module to transfer information from web clients to the web server. The HTTP-based communication module plays the role of the information management infrastructure that receives the information and manages them in an information repository.

Lin, AH, Hawryszkiewycz, IT & Henderson-Sellers, B 1970, 'An agent-based active portal framework', CONCEPTUAL MODELING FOR NOVEL APPLICATION DOMAINS, PROCEEDINGS, Agent-Oriented Information Systems Workshop, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Chicago, Illinois, USA, pp. 195-204.
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The paper introduces an agent-based active portal framework. It aims to support the construction of active portals for various purposes such as for public Internet users, for specific group users, for teaching, or for financing. Agents in a portal are capable of autonomous actions to capture, select, organize, and analyze the sharable resources. These actions are those traditionally taken by a number of people called information engineers or knowledge engineers. By using the agents, the portal can rapidly provide the newly created and modified resources distributed in different places to the users and the costs of the action executions are considerably reduced. The framework is applied to active portal development to reduce the development time and costs.

Lin, L, Ling, H, Lu, J, Zhang, C, Song, L & Xue, H 1970, 'Case-based Reasoning Integrating with Direct-Case-Linkage for Tacit Knowledge Management', Proceedings of the Seventh Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 1724-1733.

Lin, L, Lu, J, Song, L, Huang, W & Ling, H 1970, 'Enhancing the Quality of e-Service in Consulting Industry Using Case-Reference-Net CBR Technique', ACME Transactions - Proceedings of the International Conference on Pacific Rim Management 13th Annual Meeting, ACME Transactions - International Conference on Pacific Rim Management 13th Annual Meeting, ACME, Seattle, USA, pp. 950-955.

Ling, SH, Lam, HK, Leung, FHF & Lee, YS 1970, 'A genetic algorithm based fuzzy-tuned neural network', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2, 12th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, ST LOUIS, MO, pp. 220-225.

Ling, SH, Lam, HK, Leung, FHF, Lee, YS & IEEE 1970, 'A genetic algorithm based variable structure Neural Network', IECON'03: THE 29TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1 - 3, PROCEEDINGS, 29th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial-Electronics-Society, IEEE, Roanoke, VA, pp. 436-441.
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Ling, SH, Lam, HK, Leung, FHF, Lee, YS & IEEE 1970, 'Genetic algorithm based neural-tuned neural network', IECON'03: THE 29TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1 - 3, PROCEEDINGS, 29th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial-Electronics-Society, IEEE, Roanoke, VA, pp. 2423-2428.

Ling, SH, Lam, HK, Leung, FHF, Lee, YS & IEEE 1970, 'Improved genetic algorithm for economic load dispatch with valve-point loadings', IECON'03: THE 29TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1 - 3, PROCEEDINGS, 29th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial-Electronics-Society, IEEE, Roanoke, VA, pp. 442-447.
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Lipman, J, Boustead, P, Chicharo, J & Judge, J 1970, 'Resource aware information dissemination in ad hoc networks', The 11th IEEE International Conference on Networks, 2003. ICON2003., The 11th IEEE International Conference on Networks, 2003. ICON2003., IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 591-596.
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Lister, R & Leaney, J 1970, 'Introductory programming, criterion-referencing, and bloom', Proceedings of the 34th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education, SIGCSE03: SIGCSE 2003 Symposium, ACM, Reno, Nevada, USA, pp. 143-147.
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In the traditional norm-referencing approach to grading, all students in a CS1 class attempt the same programming tasks, and those attempts are graded "to a curve". The danger is that such tasks are aimed at a hypothetical average student. Weaker students can do little of these tasks, and learn little. Meanwhile, these tasks do not stretch the stronger students, so they too are denied an opportunity to learn. Our solution is two-fold. First, we use a criterion-referenced approach, where fundamentally different tasks are set, according to the ability of the students. Second, the differences in the nature of the tasks reflect the differing levels of Bloom's taxonomy. Weaker CS1 students are simply required to demonstrate knowledge and comprehension; the ability to read and understand programs. Middling students attempt traditional tasks, while the stronger students are set open-ended tasks at the synthesis and evaluation levels.

Lister, RF & Leaney, JR 1970, 'Bad Theory Versus Bad Teachers: Towards a Pragmatic Synthesis of Constructivism and Objectivism', Learning for an Unknown Future - Proceedings of the 2003 Annual International Conference of the Higher Educational Research and Development Society of Australasia Volume 26, Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia Annual Conference, Higher Educational Research and Development Society of Australasia, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 429-436.

Lister, RF & Leaney, JR 1970, 'First Year Programming: Let All the Flowers Bloom', Computing Education 2003. Fifth Australasian Computing Educational Conference Volume 20, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society Inc., Adelaide, Australia, pp. 221-230.

Liu, D, Lau, H & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'A Hierachical Approach and A Multilevel Genetic Algorithm For Vehicle Path Plan', Proceedings of International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, Centre for Intelligent Control, National University of Singapore, Singapore, pp. 1-6.

Loganathan, P, Hedley, MJ, Grace, ND, Lee, J, Cronin, SJ, Bolan, NS & Zanders, JM 1970, 'Fertiliser contaminants in New Zealand grazed pasture with special reference to cadmium and fluorine: a review', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL RESEARCH, pp. 501-532.
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Phosphorus (P) fertilisers are an essential input for the economic production of legume-based pastures in New Zealand (NZ) and Australia, but they often contain some unwanted elements that can contaminate the soil, thereby creating potential risks to the health of grazing animal, food quality, and soil quality. Fluorine (F) and cadmium (Cd) are considered to be the elements of most concern. Incidences of F toxicity (from direct ingestion of fertiliser), and accumulation of Cd in offal products above the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) set by the food authorities, have been reported in NZ. Similarly, Cd concentrations in some food grains may exceed the newly proposed MPCs by the Australian and New Zealand Food Authority. Cadmium and F continue to accumulate in the topsoils of NZ and Australian pastures as a result of P fertiliser use. The mobility of both these elements in soils is low and is similar to that of P. Risk of ground water contamination from F and Cd applied to most NZ pastures is low. The plant uptake of these elements, especially F, is also low in most pastoral soils. Cadmium accumulates mainly in liver and kidney of grazing animals mostly through herbage ingestion, whereas F accumulates mainly in the bones of these animals, mostly through soil ingestion. Soil ingestion is highest during the wetter winter months and at high stocking rates. Models have been developed to assess the impact of fertiliser use on the potential risks associated with F and Cd accumulation in soils. Measures to control F and Cd accumulation in soils, plants, and grazing animals are presented and future research needs are identified.

Lowe, DB, Yusop, N & Zowghi, D 1970, 'Understanding Business Impacts of Web System Prototypes', AusWeb03 Changing the Way we Work, Australian World Wide Web Conference, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 105-110.

Lu, DD-C, Cheng, DK-W & Yim-Shu Lee 1970, 'A single-switch continuous-conduction-mode boost converter with reduced reverse-recovery and switching losses', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), pp. 767-776.
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Lu, H 1970, 'A New Thought about Modelling of Bilevel Programming Problems', The Third International Conference on Electronic Business (ICEB 2003). Business Paradigms: Strategic Transformation and Partnership, International Conference on e-Business, National University of Singapore, Singapore, pp. 1-9.

Lu, J & Shi, C 1970, 'A Web-based Decision Support System for Multi-objective Decision Making', Proceedings of International Conference on Pacific Rim Management 13th Annual Meeting, ACME Transactions 2003 - International Conference on Pacific Rim Management 13th Annual Meeting, ACME Transactions, Seattle, USA, pp. 933-938.

Lu, J, Zhang, G & Shi, C 1970, 'Framework and Implementation of A Web-based Multi-objective Decision Support System: WMODSS', WI/IAT 2003 Workshop on Applications, Products and Services of Web-based Support Systems, WSS and WI/IAT Workshop on Applications, Products and Services of Web-based Support Systems, Department of Mathematics and Computing Science, Saimt Mary's University, Halifax, Canada, pp. 7-11.

Lukasiak, J & Burnett, IS 1970, 'Scalable speech coding spanning the 4 Kbps divide', Seventh International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, 2003. Proceedings., Seventh International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, 2003. Proceedings., IEEE, PARIS, FRANCE, pp. 397-400.
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Lyytikainen, K, Canning, J, Digweed, J & Zagari, J 1970, 'Geometry control of air-silica structured optical fibres using pressurisation', Proceedings of the 2003 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference - IMOC 2003. (Cat. No.03TH8678), 2003 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference - IMOC 2003, IEEE, Iguazu Falls, BRAZIL, pp. 1001-1005.
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Maheswaran, SM, Yadav, NN, Shutthanandan, V, Thevuthasan, S, Hart, TR, Ngo, H & Vigneswaran, S 1970, 'Evaluating the use of induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique in quantifying the arsenic in an adsorbent', ASIAN WaterQual2003, IWA Asia-Pacific Regional Conference, IWA-regional publication, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 1-8.

Marjanovic, O 1970, 'Managing the Normative Context of Composite E-services.', ICWS-Europe, International Conference on Web Services - Europe, Springer, ERFURT, GERMANY, pp. 24-36.

Marsh, D & Sharma, D 1970, 'Water Industry Reform: Some Performance Issues', Global Developments in Water Industry Performance Benchmarking, Global Developments in Water Industry Performance Benchmarking, Office of Water Regulation, Western Australia, Perth, Australia, pp. 1-10.

Martinez-Coll, A, Papacosta, C & Nguyen, H 1970, 'Surface electromyography (sEMG) of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle for variable control using head movement technology', Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37439), 25th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Cancun, Mexico, pp. 1598-1601.
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We have explored the feasibility of an alternative strategy using biological signals such as sEMG of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) for variable control of our head movement system. Seven volunteers were instrumented with bilateral sEMG sensors on the SCM. Basic neck movements of lateral tilts and graded head rotations were performed. Data were normalized as a percentage of maximum voluntary contractions (MVC) for right and left sides, respectively. The contribution from ipsilateral sEMG signal as percentage of full-range was ?75% for left and 55% for right head tilts. During head rotations at 30, 45, and 60° to both sides, results for sEMG signal amplitude as a percentage of MVC showed excellent reproducibility of the contralateral SCM at approximately 10%, 18%, and 32% on both sides. Despite the small number of subjects for a thorough statistical analysis, no differences exist in t-tests between sEMG (as % of MVC) right and left sides during head rotation; however, differences do exist for each level of rotation (p<0.01). Head rotation provided the most consistent sEMG signal correlation with the degree of motion in all subjects, allowing for reproducible proportional control for our head movement technology.

Martinez-Coll, AA, Morgan, MK & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Measurements During Global Cerebral Ischemia in Sheep', Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology: Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXIII, Oxygen Transport to Tissue, Springer US, Philadelphia, USA, pp. 349-354.
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Mayol, E, Samali, B, Kwok, KC & Li, J 1970, 'Vibration Control of An Experimental Benchmark Model To Earthquake Using Liquid Column Vibration Absorbers (LCVAs)', Proceedings of the 10th Asia Pacific Vibration Conference, Asia Pacific Vibration Conference, Queensland University of Technology, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, pp. 451-456.

Mbogho, SM, Zhu, J & Sharma, D 1970, 'Meeting Energy Needs - The Kenyan Scenario', Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, Australian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 39-44.

McGloin, D, Garces-Chavez, V, Melville, H, Spalding, GC, Sibbet, W & Dholakia, K 1970, 'Advanced micromanipulation using bessel beams', 2003 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (CLEO/Europe 2003) (IEEE Cat. No.03TH8666), 2003 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (CLEO/Europe 2003), IEEE, p. 710.
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Bessel beams can be used as optical tweezers, to trap and manipulate small particles, including biological specimens. Here we demonstrate the use of such beams to trap and manipulate particles simultaneously that may reside in completely separate sample chambers, separated by distances that preclude trapping with a Gaussian beam. This also demonstrates another property of the Bessel beam, in that since it is a set of rings it can trap both low and high refractive index particles. The distance behind the particle that the Bessel beam reconstructs is dependent on the properties of the particle, and this may be useful in cell characterisation. We also demonstrate the generation of more complex patterns of nondiffracting light beams, by using interfering Bessel beams. We generate these by using a Mach-Zender interferometer in which each of the arms has a Laguerre-Gaussian beam of differing handedness. © 2003 IEEE.

McGloin, D, Garcés-Chávez, V, Melville, H, Spalding, GC, Sibbett, W & Dholakia, K 1970, 'Advanced micromanipulation using non-diffracting beams', Frontiers in Optics, Frontiers in Optics, OSA.
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McGregor, C 1970, 'A Method to extend BPEL4WS to enable Business Performance Measurement', Proceedings of the International Conference on Web Services, International Conference on Web Services, C S R E A PRESS, LAS VEGAS, NV, pp. 46-51.
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The web services paradigm provides organizations with an environment to enhance B2B communications. The aim is to create modularized services supporting the business processes within their organization and also those external entities participating in these same business processes. BPEL4WS provides a notation for expressing business process behaviour based on web services. The current BPEL4WS framework does not include the functionality required for web service execution performance measurement from an organization perspective. As such, a shift to this paradigm is at the expense of the organization's performance knowledge, as this knowledge will become buried within the internal processing of the web service platform. This research provides a method to incorporate the definition of business process performance measures together with a method to capture web service audit trail information within the structure of the BPEL4WS business process.

McGregor, C 1970, 'Balanced scorecard driven business process definition using XML', 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the, 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the, IEEE.
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During the last decade a variety of information technologies have emerged relating to business process modelling. One issue resulting from the introduction of these technologies is the inability to link the business process definition with the information gathered during the development of the business strategy. Organisations require the ability to define their business strategy, then use the outcomes of this definition to drive the business process definition. This paper details a methodology that applies XML to link business strategy with business process definition. The key contribution of this work is an extension to the balanced scorecard XML draft standard that incorporates quantified business process performance measures. This methodology is then applied to a specific case study where an organisation plans to provide personal loans to its customers.

McGregor, C & Scheifer, J 1970, 'A framework for analyzing and measuring business performance with Web services', IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce, 2003. CEC 2003., IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce. CEC 2003, IEEE Comput. Soc, NEWPORT BEACH, CA, pp. 405-412.
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McLean, JT, Beecham, SC & Kandasamy, JK 1970, 'Field Assessment of Local Scour at Bridge Sites', 28th International Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, Engineers Australia, Wollongong, Australia, pp. 1-8.

McLean, JT, Beecham, SC & Kandasamy, JK 1970, 'Field Assessment of Local Scour at Bridge Sites', Proc. 2003 International Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, Engineers Australia, Wollongong, pp. 115-122.
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NA

Min Xu, Ling-Yu Duan, Changsheng Xu, Kankanhalli, M & Qi Tian 1970, 'Event detection in basketball video using multiple modalities', Fourth International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing, 2003 and the Fourth Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia. Proceedings of the 2003 Joint, Fourth International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing, 2003 and the Fourth Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia. 2003 Joint, IEEE, pp. 1526-1530.
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© 2003 IEEE. Semantic sports video analysis has attracted more and more attention recently. In this paper, we present a basketball event detection method by using multiple modalities. Instead of using low-level features, the proposed method is built upon visual and auditory mid-level features i.e. semantic shot classes and audio keywords. Promising event detection results have been achieved. By heuristically mapping semantic shot classes and by aligning audio keywords with semantic shot classes, we have been able to detect nine basketball events. Experimental results have shown our proposed method is effective for basketball event detection.

Muqattash, A & Krunz, M 1970, 'Power controlled dual channel (PCDC) medium access protocol for wireless ad hoc networks', Proceedings - IEEE INFOCOM, 22nd Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, IEEE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA, pp. 470-480.
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In this paper, we propose a comprehensive solution for power control in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Our solution emphasizes the interplay between the MAC and network layers, whereby the MAC layer indirectly influences the selection of the next-hop by properly adjusting the power of route request packets. This is done while maintaining network connectivity. Directional and channel-gain information obtained mainly from overheard RTS and CTS packets is used to dynamically construct the network topology. By properly estimating the required transmission power for data packets, our protocol allows for interference-limited simultaneous transmissions to take place in the neighborhood of a receiving node. Simulation results indicate that compared to the IEEE 802.11 approach, the proposed protocol achieves a significant increase in the channel utilization and end-to-end network throughput, and a significant decrease in the total energy consumption.

Namisnyk, A & Zhu, J 1970, 'A Survey of Electrochemical Super-Capacitor Technology', Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, Australian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 51-56.

Nanda, P & Simmonds, AJ 1970, 'Policy based architecture for QoS over differentiated services network', Proceedings of the International Conference on Internet Computing, International Conference on Internet Computing, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 866-872.
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Current Internet architecture is based on the Best Effort (BE) model, where packets can be dropped indiscriminately in the event of congestion. This architecture attempts to deliver all traffic as soon as possible within the limits of its abilities, but without any guarantees about throughput, delay and packet loss etc. Though such a model works well for certain traditional applications such as FTP, E-mail and less QoS constrained applications, it can be intolerable for newly emerged real-time, multimedia applications such as Internet Telephony, Video-Conferencing and Video on-Demand. This paper is based on the on-going research activities being carried out by various researchers in the area of QoS and proposes a Policy Based Network (PBN) architecture for the Differentiated Services (Diff-serv) Network. Policy Based Networking received much attention recently as the devices within the networks can be implemented with greater control. Our proposed architecture ti based on the functionalities defined within the existing IETF/DMTF Policy architecture, with an objective to achieve QoS through proper Resource management techniques.

Nanda, P, Simmonds, AJ & Rajput, K 1970, 'Policy Based Network Architectures in Support for Guaranteed QoS', Proc of the International Conference on Information Technology, ITPC - 2003, Unknown, Kathmandu, Nepal, pp. 3-10.

Nejadi, S & Gilbert, RI 1970, 'Shrinkage cracking in restrained reinforced concrete members', ADVANCES IN STRUCTURES, VOLS 1 AND 2, International Conference on Advances in Structures, A.A. Balkema, Swets & Zeitlinger B.V. Lissie, The Netherlands, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1065-1071.
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The problem of cracking caused by shrinkage in restrained reinforced concrete members is discussed and examined both experimentally and analytically. A total of eight fully restrained slab specimens with different reinforcement layouts were monitored for up to 150 days to measure the effects of drying shrinkage on the time-dependent development of direct tension cracking. Strains in both the reinforcement and the concrete were monitored throughout the tests. The age of the concrete when each crack developed, the crack locations and the gradual change in crack widths with time were also recorded. The effects of varying the quantity of reinforcing steel, the bar diameter and the bar spacing were studied in order to gain a clearer understanding of the mechanisms of direct tension cracking caused by restrained shrinkage and the factors affecting it. An analytical model developed previously to study the problem (Gilbert, 1992) is also described and the experimental results and analytical predictions are compared.

Nghiem, LD & Schaefer, AI 1970, 'Removal of natural hormones by nanofiltration membranes: Measurement, modeling, and mechanisms.', ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society, AMER CHEMICAL SOC, NEW YORK, NY, pp. U506-U506.

Nghiem, LD, Schäfer, AI & Waite, TD 1970, 'Membrane filtration in water recycling: removal of natural hormones', Water Supply, 3rd World Water Congress of the International-Water-Association, IWA Publishing, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 155-160.
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Recent detections of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in effluent are of great concern to sections of the community associated with the issue of water recycling. In vitro and in vivo studies by many researchers have confirmed the impacts of EDCs on trout at the common concentration encountered in sewage effluent. Amongst many types of EDCs the impacts of steroid estrogens such as estrone, estradiol (natural hormones) and ethinylestradiol (a synthetic hormone) are prominent as they have far higher endocrine-disrupting potency than other synthetic EDCs. Given the continuous developments in membrane technology, tertiary treatment using membrane processes has been identified as a promising technology to provide a safeguard to water recycling practice and to protect the environment. This paper investigates retention and adsorptive behavior of the natural hormones estrone and estradiol by two commercial low-pressure nanofiltration membranes TFC-SR2 and TFC-S, using dead end stirred cell systems. The removal phenomena of estradiol are similar to that of estrone. pH has been found to significantly influence the adsorption of estrone and estradiol by the membranes, presumably due to hydrogen bonding. This adsorption is critical in the risk of possible release of such hormones to the product waters. Total adsorbed amounts were calculated for standard membrane elements and are indeed important.

Nguyen, C, Hoang, DB & Symvonis, A 1970, 'Multi-level caching with delayed-multicast for video-on-demand', Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Internet and Multimedia Systems and Applications, IASTED International Conference on Internet and Multimedia Systems and Applications, ACTA Press, Honolulu, USA, pp. 699-705.
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Delayed-Multicast is a novel transmission technique to support Video-on-Demand. It introduces buffers within the network to bridge the temporal delays between similar requests thus minimizing the aggregate bandwidth and server load. This paper introduces an improved online algorithm for resource allocation with Delayed-Multicast by utilizing prior knowledge of each clip's popularity. The algorithm is intended to be simple so as to allow for deployment at multiple levels in a distribution network. The result is greater backbone traffic savings and a corresponding reduction in the server load.

Nguyen, V, Ha, QP & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'A Chattering-Free Variable Structure Controller for Tracking of Robotic Manipulators', Proceedings of The Australian Conference on Robotics and Automation (ACRA 2003), Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ARAA Australian Robotics and Automation Association, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1-6.

Niazi, M, Wilson, D & Zowghi, D 1970, 'A model for the implementation of software process improvement: A pilot study', THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUALITY SOFTWARE, PROCEEDINGS, International Conference on Quality Software, IEEE Computer Society, Dallas, Texas, USA, pp. 196-203.
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Little attention has been paid in the literature on "how to implement" software process improvement (SPI) which has resulted in limited success for many SPI efforts. In this paper we report on our recent empirical study which explored the experiences and perceptions of practitioners about SPI implementation. We visited 11 companies and conducted 14 in-depth interviews. Using the different experiences and opinions of practitioners regarding SPI implementation, we have developed a model for the implementation of SPI programmes. This model has six phases - awareness, learning, pilot implementation, SPI implementation action plan, implementation across the organization and maintenance - and provides advice to practitioners in effectively implementing SPI programmes.

Niazi, MK, Wilson, DN & Zowghi, D 1970, 'A Framework for Guiding the Design of Effective Implementation Strategies for Software Improvement', The 15th International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, Knowledge Systems Institute, San Francisco, California, USA, pp. 366-371.

Niazi, MK, Wilson, DN & Zowghi, D 1970, 'Critical Success Factors and Critical Barriers for Software Process Improvement: An Analysis of Literature', 14th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Edith Cowan University, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia, pp. 1-11.

Ong, SS & Hawryszkiewycz, I 1970, 'Towards personalised and collaborative learning management systems', Proceedings 3rd IEEE International Conference on Advanced Technologies, 3rd IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, IEEE Comput. Soc, Athens, Greece, pp. 340-341.
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Padden, W, Canning, J, Poladian, L & Issa, N 1970, 'Imaginary refractive index waveguides and applications', Proceedings of the 2003 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference - IMOC 2003. (Cat. No.03TH8678), 2003 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference - IMOC 2003, IEEE, Iguazu Falls, BRAZIL, pp. 443-445.
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Palmer, LR, Orin, DE, Marhefka, DW, Schmiedeler, JP & Waldron, KJ 1970, 'Intelligent control of an experimental articulated leg for a galloping machine', 2003 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.03CH37422), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. IEEE ICRA 2003 Conference Proceedings, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 3821-3827.
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Intelligent controllers are being used with increasing effectiveness on complex systems. This work verifies the effectiveness of fuzzy control, an intelligent method, on a single, articulated-leg that was designed to be used on a high-speed galloping quadruped. Intelligent methods are compared to other control methods in simulation and on the OSU DASH (Dynamic Articulated Structure for High-performance) leg. It is shown that the intelligent controllers outperform non-learning methods. Using fuzzy control, the OSU DASH leg performs stable hopping on a treadmill moving at 2.0 m/s.

Patwary, MN, Rapajic, P & Oppermann, I 1970, 'Mobile and Wireless Communications', IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, Springer US, pp. 141-148.
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In dense urban environment, the possibility of signal reception failed (receiving NAK) repeatedly at the receiving end of the conventional ARQ scheme is nonzero even if with strong FEC as 1/3 turbo code and sometime become noticeable. More robust and modified ARQ protocols are required which may adapt the FEC code rate according to the channel condition. We propose to use repeater as a reliable alternate in this critical channel condition. On the other hand ARQ scheme is efficient only for non-real time communication. Comparing with the ARQ scheme, reliable multipath from repeater will serve with lower time delay, lower SINR requirement and hence more network throughput with the cost of repeaters and multi-user detection scheme (when higher BER performance required). © 2003 by Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Patwary, MN, Rapajic, P, Xun Shao & Oppermann, I 1970, 'Adaptive blind sequence detection for time varying channel', GLOBECOM '03. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37489), GLOBECOM '03. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE, San Francisco, CA, pp. 3376-3380.
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Ping Xiong, Tian-Shu Huang, Kui Yi & Tian-Qing Zhu 1970, 'Design of communication port between DCS and computers of RTU', Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.03EX693), 2003 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, IEEE, pp. 586-590.
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Distributed Control System (DCS) has been widely employed in power plants to control and monitor field instruments of plants. The compatibility and a high speed communication between DCS and the existing computer systems such as Remote Terminal Unit(RTU) and Management Information System(MIS) are problems when employing a DCS. In order to realize a direct communication between computers of RTU and DCS, the structure of the WDPF type DCS made by the Westinghouse Company of American is analyzed in detail in this paper. By analyzing its inner agreement on communication, a port between the WDPF type DCS and the computers of RTU is designed, which includes the hardware layout and correlative software disposal.

Pradhan, S 1970, 'Mobile commerce in Financial Services', The 2003 International Business Information Management Conference, Cairo, Egypt.
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Mobile commerce is complementary to e-commerce. To extract value from e-commerce applications, new mobile application are developed that enable unprecedented ease and speed of information access. M-commerce is characterized by ubiquity, personalization, flexibility and dissemination, which promises business unprecedented market potential, great productivity, and high profitability. Mobile and wireless financial services solutions are revolutionizing the financial industry, empowering financial institutions to add more value to their products and services, gain competitive advantage, increase customer loyalty, and attracting new clients. Using mobile devices not only increases revenue and productivity but also increases customer service and reduces cost by streamlining the management of information. One of the reasons for the potential phenomenal growth of the m-commerce is that the mobile user often finds the wireless data to be more convenient and cost effective to use than wireless voice. The Main issues related to mobile environments are security, management, access of information and return on investments.

Qiang Wu, Xiangjian He & Hintz, T 1970, 'Enhanced affine invariant shape description by ESPRIT', 3rd International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis, 2003. ISPA 2003. Proceedings of the, 3rd International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis, 2003. ISPA 2003., IEEE, Rome, Italy, pp. 593-598.
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Qimei Hu, Xiangjian He & Qiang Wu 1970, 'Concurrent edge detection with Spiral Architecture on Linux', Proceedings ITCC 2003. International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing, ITCC 2003. International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing, IEEE Comput. Soc, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 524-528.
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Raad, M, Burnett, I & Mertins, A 1970, 'Multi-rate and multi-resolution scalable to lossless audio compression using PSPIHT', Seventh International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, 2003. Proceedings., Seventh International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, 2003. Proceedings., IEEE, PARIS, FRANCE, pp. 121-124.
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Raad, M, Burnett, I & Mertins, A 1970, 'Multi-rate extension of the scalable to lossless PSPIHT audio coder', EUROSPEECH 2003 - 8th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, pp. 1117-1120.
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This paper extends a scalable to lossless compression scheme to allow scalability in terms of sampling rate as well as quantization resolution. The scheme presented is an extension of a perceptually scalable scheme that scales to lossless compression, producing smooth objective scalability, in terms of SNR, until lossless compression is achieved. The scheme is built around the Perceptual SPIHT algorithm, which is a modification of the SPIHT algorithm. An analysis of the expected limitations of scaling across sampling rates is given as well as lossless compression results showing the competitive performance of the presented technique.

Raad, M, Mertins, A & Burnett, I 1970, 'Scalable to lossless audio compression based on perceptual set partitioning in hierarchical trees (PSPIHT)', ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE, HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 624-627.
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This paper proposes a technique for scalable to lossless audio compression. The scheme presented is perceptually scalable and also provides for lossless compression. It produces smooth objective scalability, in terms of SegSNR, from lossy to lossless compression. The proposal is built around the Perceptual SPIHT algorithm, which is a modification of the SPIHT algorithm and is introduced in this paper. Both objective and subjective results are reported and demonstrate both perceptual and objective measure scalability. The subjective results indicate that the proposed method performs comparably with the MPEG-4 AAC coder at 16, 32 and 64 kbps, yet also achieves a scalable-to-lossless architecture.

Rasmussen, LK & Oppermann, IJ 1970, 'Ping-pong effects in linear parallel interference cancellation for CDMA', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 01), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), SAN ANTONIO, TX, pp. 357-363.
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Ritz, CH, Burnett, IS & Lukasiak, J 1970, 'Low bit rate wideband WI speech coding', 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. ICME '03. Proceedings (Cat. No.03TH8698), 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. ICME '03. Proceedings (Cat. No.03TH8698), IEEE, pp. I377-I380.
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This paper investigates waveform interpolation (WI) applied low bit rate wideband speech coding. An analysis of the evolutionary behaviour of wideband characteristic waveforms (CWs) shows that direct application of the classical WI algorithm may not be appropriate for wideband speech. We propose a modification whereby CW quantisation is performed using classical WI decomposition for the low frequency region and noise modelling for the high frequency region. Wideband WI coders incorporating this modification and operating at 4 kbps and 6 kbps are described. Subjective testing of these coders shows that WI is a promising approach to low bit rate wideband speech compression.

Ritz, CH, Burnett, IS & Lukasiak, J 1970, 'Low bit rate wideband WI speech coding', ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE, HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 804-807.
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This paper investigates Waveform Interpolation (WI) applied low bit rate wideband speech coding. An analysis of the evolutionary behaviour of wideband Characteristic Waveforms (CWs) shows that direct application of the classical WI algorithm may not be appropriate for wideband speech. We propose a modification whereby CW quantisation is performed using classical WI decomposition for the low frequency region and noise modelling for the high frequency region. Wideband WI coders incorporating this modification and operating at 4 kbps and 6 kbps are described. Subjective testing of these coders, shows that WI is a promising approach to low bit rate wideband speech compression.

Rozyn, MK, Wilson, NJ, Andrews, M, Eager, DM & Clout, RB 1970, 'HOMER - A High Speed Robot For Indoor Exploration', Australian Robotics & Automation Association, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australian Robotics & Automation Association, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1-9.

Ruta, D & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Physical field models for pattern classification', Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications, 1st International Conference on Computing in an Imperfect World (SOFT-WARE 2002), Springer Science and Business Media LLC, BELFAST, NORTH IRELAND, pp. 126-141.
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Samali, B, Bakoss, SL, Li, J, Saleh, A & Wije, A 1970, 'Assessing the Structural Adequacy of a 3-span Steel-Concrete Bridge Using Dynamic Methods: A case study', Abstracts of the Tenth International Conference: Structural Faults & Repair Abstracts, ENGINEERING TECHNICS PRESS, London, UK.

Samali, B, Djajakesukma, S, Nguyen, HT & Li, J 1970, 'An Experimental Study of a Five Storey Steel Frame Using Semi-active Control System', Proceedings of the 10th Asia Pacific Vibration Conference, Asia Pacific Vibration Conference, Queensland University of Technology, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, pp. 604-609.

Samali, B, Widjaja, JH, Li, J & Reizes, J 1970, 'Magneto-rheological Shear Dampers; Quasi-static Modelling and Simulation', Proceedings of the 10th Asia Pacific Vibration Conference, Asia Pacific Vibration Conference, Queensland University of Technology, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, pp. 1-6.

Scott, RC, Cox, R & Ball, JE 1970, 'Urban Stormwater Improvement Through the Adaptation of an OSD Outlet to Include a Stormwater Filter', Proc. 28th International Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, The Institution of Engineers, Australia, Wollongong, NSW, Australia, pp. 139-146.
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NA

Seppelt, R & Voinov, A 1970, 'Optimization methodology for land use patterns—evaluation based on multiscale habitat pattern comparison', Ecological Modelling, Elsevier BV, pp. 217-231.
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Shackel, B, Ball, JE & Mearing, M 1970, 'Using permeable eco-paving to achieve improved water quality for urban pavements', Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Concrete Block Paving, PAVE AFRICA 2003, Document Transformation Technologies, South Africa, pp. 1-11.

Sharma, D 1970, 'Australian Electricity Reform: Some Reflections', International Conference on: “Energy Market Reform: Issues and Problems”, Hong Kong Energy Studies Centre, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.

Sharma, D 1970, 'Regulatory Exigencies of Electricity Reform in Australia', New Challenges for Energy Decision Makers, 26 IAEE International Conference, IAEE, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 1-10.

Sheng, D 1970, 'Finite element analysis of a test embankment on soft clay', Proceedings of the Twelfth Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Vol 1 and 2, 12th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (12ARC), WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 755-758.

Shi, C & Lu, J 1970, 'Choosing LSI dimensions by document linear association analysis', Proceedings of the International Conference on Information and Knowledge Engineering, International Conference on Information and Knowledge Engineering, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 615-621.
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Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) has proven to be a valuable analysis tool with a wide range of applications, however the crucial question, choosing an appropriate number of dimensions for LSI, is still unsolved. In this paper, a new method which is to deal with this problem is described. It finds that a sum of total dot products between all document vectors reaches the maximum value at a specific number of dimensions for a given dataset. With this reduced dimensions LSI achieves the best performance. The performance evaluations have demonstrated that this method can choose an appropriate number of dimensions for LSI and effective detect the data structure for a dataset.

Shi, CG & Lu, J 1970, 'Choosing LSI dimensions by word vector linear association analysis', 7TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL I, PROCEEDINGS, 7th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS, ORLANDO, FL, pp. 260-265.

Shih-Mao Lu, Her-Chang Pu & Chin-Teng Lin 1970, 'A HVS-directed neural-network-based approach for impulse-noise removal from highly corrupted images', SMC'03 Conference Proceedings. 2003 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Conference Theme - System Security and Assurance (Cat. No.03CH37483), SMC'03 2003 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Conference Theme - System Security and Assurance (Cat. No.03CH37483), IEEE, WASHINGTON, D.C., pp. 72-77.
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Shon, H, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, H & Ben Aim, RM 1970, 'Low Pressure Nanofiltration with Adsorption As Pretreatment In Tertiary Wastewater Treatment for Reuse', IMSTEC 2003, International Membrane Science and Technology Conference, AWA-UNESCO Membrane Centre, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-7.

Shon, H, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, H & Kim, IS 1970, 'Effect of high rate Pre-Treatment on Nanofiltration Systems in Wastewater Reuse', ASIAN WaterQual 2003, IWA Asia-Pacific Regional Conference, IWA-Regional Publication, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 1-9.

Shon, H, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, H, Kim, D, Park, NE, Jang, NJ & Kim, IS 1970, 'Characterisation of Effluent Organic Matter (EFOM)Of Fouled Nanofilter (NF) Membranes', IMSTEC2003, Fifth International Membrane Science and Technology Conference, AWA-UNESCO Membrane Centre, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-6.

Shoudong Huang, James, MR, Nesic, D & Dower, P 1970, 'Analysis of input to state stability for discrete time nonlinear systems via dynamic programming', 42nd IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37475), 42nd IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, Hyatt Regency Maui, Hawaii, USA, pp. 5068-5073.
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Simmonds, A & Nanda, P 1970, 'Resource Management in Differentiated Services Networks', Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Communication Networking, 6th International Symposium on Communication Networking, Springer US, Perth, Australia, pp. 313-323.
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Smith, DB & Aubrey, T 1970, 'Generalized space-time modelling of the MIMO channel applied to analysing and optimising transmit antenna configurations', IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2003. ICC '03., IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Alaska, USA, pp. 1978-1982.
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For the purposes of macroscopic system design a space-time Rayleigh fading multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radio channel is modelled for an arbitrary transmit antenna configuration of three to six transmit antennas. A traditional ring of scatterers model is use to generate the space-time cross correlations and thence flat fading channel distortions. A general trend is demonstrated for a specific non-coherent modulation scheme where the optimality of different transmission frame lengths can be related to the well known autocorrelation functions; based on this trend two frame lengths are chosen for MIMO channel analysis. Several beneficial arbitrary transmit antenna configurations are obtained from this analysis using some typical arbitrary configurations, and some initial optimisation using a genetic algorithm, from which further possible optimisation is proposed.

Solomon, A, Sutcliffe, P & Lister, R 1970, 'Sorting circular permutations by reversal', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Algorithms and Data Structures Symposium (was Workshop on Algorithms and Data Structures), Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, pp. 319-328.
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Unsigned circular permutations are used to represent tours in the traveling salesman problem as well as the arrangement of gene loci in circular chromosomes. The minimum number of segment reversals required to transform one circular permutation into another gives some measure of distance between them which is useful when studying the 2-opt local search landscape for the traveling salesman problem, and, when determining the phylogeny of a group of related organisms. Computing this distance is equivalent to sorting by (a minimum number of) reversals. In this paper we show that sorting circular permutations by reversals can be reduced to the same problem for linear reversals, and that it is NP-hard. These results suggest that for most practical purposes any computational tools available for reversal sort of linear permutations will be sufficiently accurate. These results entail the development of the algebraic machinery for dealing rigorously with circular permutations. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003.

Speer, N, Merz, P, Spieth, C & Zell, A 1970, 'Clustering gene expression data with memetic algorithms based on minimum spanning trees', The 2003 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2003. CEC '03., The 2003 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2003. CEC '03., IEEE, Canberra, Australia, pp. 181-198.
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With the invention of microarray technology, researchers are capable of measuring the expression levels of ten thousands of genes in parallel at various time points of the biological process. During the investigation of gene regulatory networks and general cellular mechanisms, biologists are attempting to group genes based on the time-depending pattern of the obtained expression levels. In this paper, we propose a new memetic algorithm - a genetic algorithm combined with local search-based on a tree representation of the data - a minimum spanning tree minus; for clustering gene expression data. The combination of both concepts is shown to find near-optimal solutions quickly. Due to the minimum spanning tree representation of the data, our algorithm is capable of finding clusters of different shapes. We show that our approach is superior in solution quality compared to classical clustering methods.

Spoor, DJ & Zhu, J 1970, 'Selection of Distance Relaying Schemes When Protecting Dual Circuit Lines', Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 167-172.

Stewart, MG, Faber, MH & Gehlen, C 1970, 'Temporal and Spatial Aspects of Probabilistic Corrosion Models', Life-Cycle Performance of Deteriorating Structures, Third IABMAS Workshop on Life-Cycle Cost Analysis and Design of Civil Infrastructures Systems, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 183-193.
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The paper initially reviews sources of structural deterioration, with emphasis on chloride-induced corrosion of reinforced concrete structures. Thereafter, a critical review of deterioration models for corrosion initiation and propagation and their effect on structural performance is given. It is observed that many probabilistic deterioration models exist and that they can produce somewhat divergent predictions of corrosion initiation and propagation. The paper also examines the high temporal and spatial uncertainty and variability of existing deterioration models and the impact this might have on decision-making criteria. Finally a discussion is given in regard to how to proceed in future research and development with the aim of establishing a consistent and operational model basis for the design, assessment, inspection and maintenance of concrete structures.

Stewart, TD, Williams, S, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Stone, MH & Fisher, J 1970, 'Advances in simulator testing of orthopaedic joint prostheses', TRIBOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND DESIGN FOR ENGINEERING SYSTEMS, 29th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology, Elsevier, UNIV LEEDS, BODINGTON HALL, LEEDS, ENGLAND, pp. 291-296.
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Suker, TA, Holland, BJ & Zhu, JG 1970, 'An Engineering Model for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells', Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal, International Conference on Renewable Energy and Power Quality, AEDERMACP (European Association for the Development of Renewable Energies and Power Quality), Vigo, Spain, pp. 162-166.
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Sun, D, Zhu, JG & He, YK 1970, 'A space vector modulation direct torque control for permanent magnet synchronous motor drive systems', The Fifth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2003. PEDS 2003., Fifth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 692-697.
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Sun, D, Zhu, JG & He, YK 1970, 'Continuous direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on SVM', ICEMS 2003 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Academic Publishers, World Publishing Corporation, Beijing, China, pp. 596-599.
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In this paper, a modified control strategy for permanent magnet synchronous motor by introducing a space vector modulation conception to a direct torque control (DTC) systems was presented in order to minimize the torque and flux linkage ripples and fix the variable switching frequency in the basic DTC system. The simulation results showed that the steady state performance of the proposed DTC was improved dramatically while keeping the dynamic performance almost as same as that of the basic DTC.

Takezawa, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Autonomous Robot Control Applied for Slam Problem At Indoor Stereo Artificial Landmarks', Proceedings of the 10th Asia-Pacific Vibration Conference, Asia Pacific Vibration Conference, Queensland University of Technology, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, pp. 893-898.

Taylor, PB & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Performance of a head-movement interface for wheelchair control', Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37439), 25th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Cancun, Mexico, pp. 1590-1593.
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Head movement has been used as a control interface for people with motor impairments in a range of applications. Chin operated joysticks and switch arrays have been incorporated in control systems for electric wheelchairs but have several disadvantages, including being difficult to operate and aesthetically unattractive. A prototype wheelchair control interface has been developed that makes use of an artificial neural network (ANN) to recognize commands given by head movement. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the ANN's performance in terms of classification accuracy and delay. It goes on to compare the results of disabled with able-bodied users, and assesses the effect of providing real-time feedback to the user. The results obtained indicate that ANN techniques can be used to classify head movements sufficiently quickly and accurately to be used in a practical interface. The provision of graphical real-time feedback does not appear to be crucial, but may be of benefit for particular cases.

Tokei, Z, Iacopi, F, Richard, O, Waeterloos, J, Rozeveld, S, Beach, E, Mebarki, B, Mandrekar, T, Guggilla, S & Maex, K 1970, 'Barrier studies on porous silk semiconductor dielectric', MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, European Workshop on materials for Advanced Metallization, ELSEVIER, LONDE MAURES, FRANCE, pp. 352-357.
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Trolove, SN, Hedley, MJ, Kirk, GJD, Bolan, NS & Loganathan, P 1970, 'Progress in selected areas of rhizosphere research on P acquisition', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL RESEARCH, pp. 471-499.
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Large reserves of P have accumulated in soils of developed countries because additions of P fertiliser to sustain agricultural production have exceeded crop removal. By contrast, in many developing countries in the tropics and subtropics, soil P reserves are gravely low and large additions are required before maintenance requirements begin to decline. In addition, the cost of P fertiliser will increase as the currently accessible deposits of high-grade phosphate rock (PR) diminish. Developing plants that efficiently tap soil P reserves and low grade PR is therefore a priority for agricultural research. For the 50th anniversary of the New Zealand Soil Science Society, this paper reviews research on P efficiency in plants, conducted by staff, students, and research associates of Massey University, in the context of other research into plant mechanisms that enhance P uptake, including effects of root geometry, mycorrhizal associations, and root-induced changes in the soil. Techniques for fractionation of soil P are highlighted.

Umakhanthan, K & Ball, JE 1970, 'Rainfall Models in Catchment Simulation', Proc. 28th International Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, The Institution of Engineers, Australia, Wollongong, NSW, Australia, pp. 43-50.
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Umakhanthan, K, Ball, JE & MSSANZI 1970, 'The importance of rainfall models in catchment simulation', MODSIM 2003: INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON MODELLING AND SIMULATION, VOLS 1-4, International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand Inc., Townsville, Australia, pp. 368-373.
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Catchment management is a complex task that, over the past decade, has become increasingly important to the community. Information for this management increasingly is being obtained from implementation ofcatchmentmodellingsystems. Implementation ofa catchmentmodelling systemrequiresthree steps,whichare the calibrationofthe system, the validationofthe calibration, andthe extrapolation ofthe system to different hydrologic events and catchment conditions. The robustness of the simulations when this extrapolation is undertaken is relatedto the calibrationandvalidationof the catchmentmodellingsystem,which inturn are impactedbythe qualityandreliabilityofthe inputdata. Acatchment modellingsystemfor simulation of catchment processes can be considered to consist of four conceptual components. Within each of these components, there are manyalternativetransformations availablewith each of these transformations beingthe resultof differentcombinations of processmodels. Theconceptof systemcalibrationis to selectthe appropriate transformations andinputinformation that best represents the catchment beingsimulated. Withinthe generation componentan importantaspect is the model used to transformthe point rainfallmeasurements into a spatially distributed rainfall-over the catchment. There have been many alternative models proposed for this transformation. Presentedherein is an analysisof the influence of alternative rainfall models on the simulated hydrographandhencethe influenceonthe systemcalibration. This analysis willbebasedonreal eventsrecorded at the outletsof the Centennial Park catchment(LBkrrr') andthe UpperParramattaRiver catchment(110km2 ) in Sydney, Australia. It wasfoundthat an increaseinthe robustness ofthe predictions obtainedwasrelateddirectly to the storm variability as definedby the spatial and temporal semi-variograms developed duringthe study.

van den Hoven, E & Eggen, B 1970, 'Digital Photo Browsing with Souvenirs', Proceedings of IFIP International Conference on Human Computer Interaction (Interact03), Interact'03, IOS Press on behalf of IFIP, Zurich, Switzerland, pp. 1000-1003.
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The concept design of a recollection supporting device is implemented as a portable Photo Browser using souvenirs as a graspable user interface. When brought into an intelligent room, the Photo Browser is able to recognize the presence of people, graspable objects, and available output devices. The ability of souvenirs to trigger recollections is used as a shortcut to (sub-) sets of photos. This paper explains the context and content of the accompanying video, which shows the Photo Browser, the associated souvenirs and displays in use.

van den Hoven, E & Eggen, B 1970, 'The Design of a Recollection Supporting Device: A Study into Triggering Personal Recollections', Proceedings of the HCI-International 2003, HCI-International 2003, Routledge, Crete, Greece, pp. 1034-1038.
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The work in this paper is carried out in the context of the design of a device which supports recollecting personal memories. This device aims to help people recollect or reminisce about their life, together or alone, at home. From the (autobiographical) memory literature we concluded that we needed to fill the deviceâs database with triggers instead of the memories themselves. For building this device we were interested in the following question âwhat are the most efficient triggers for recollectingâ. We carried out a field-study with media-types as triggers, that could be incorporated in such a device: photos, videos, sounds, smells and physical objects. One of the conclusions from this study is that certain types of triggers in fact reduce the number of memories people write down during recall. Therefore more research on recollection triggers is needed before the design phase of a device which supports recollecting can be finished.

van den Hoven, E, Eggen, B & Wessel, I 1970, 'Context-dependency in the real world: How different retrieval cues affect Event-Specific Knowledge in recollections of a real-life event', Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition (SARMAC), Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
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The beneficial effect of reinstating learning context on memory has been well established, at least in laboratory settings. The role of context dependency in autobiographical memory (AM), however, has been studied less extensively. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether various cue-types differ in their contribution to AM-performance. In order to quantify AM, we developed a method to score units of Event Specific Knowledge (ESKs). According to Conway and Pleydell-Pearce (2000), ESKs represent the highest level of specificity in AM. Our method is based on grammar of the Dutch language, and scores ESKs on detailedness and classifies them into five content-types (i.e., perception-, reflection-, state-, action- and object-specific knowledge). It was hypothesized that a) cueing would increase the number of ESKs relative to a no-cue control condition and that b) particular cue-types would increase the number of related ESKs . Sixty-eight adults participated in a novel event (i.e., visiting a history theme park). One month later, recall was tested in a laboratory living-room setting using one of five cue-types and a no-cue baseline. This resulted in a 5 (cue-type: pictures, videos, sounds, smells, artifacts) x 2 (condition: no-cue vs. cue) design with repeated measures on the last factor. Two raters scored ESKs with a high inter-rater reliability (r=0.97). Preliminary results suggest that overall, the no-cue condition generated an equal or higher number of ESKs than the cued conditions. Results will be discussed and practical implications for the development of a Recollection Supporting Device will be addressed.

Van Olmen, J, Wu, W, Van Hove, M, Travaly, Y, Brongersma, SH, Eyckens, B, Maenhoudt, M, Van Aelst, J, Struyf, H, Demuynck, S, Tokei, Z, Vervoort, I, Sijmus, B, Vos, I, Ciofi, I, Stucchi, M, Maex, K, Iacopi, F, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Integration of Single Damascene 85/85 nm US copper trenches in Black Diamond using 193 nm optical lithography with dipole illumination', PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2003 INTERNATIONAL INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 6th Annual International Interconnect Technology Conference, IEEE, BURLINGAME, CA, pp. 171-173.
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Waldron, KJ & Tollon, K 1970, 'Mechanical Characterization of the Immersion Corp. Haptic, Bimanual, Surgical Simulator Interface', Proceedings of International Symposium on Experimental Robotics: Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics - Experimental Robotics VIII, Experimental Robotics, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Ischia,Italy, pp. 106-112.
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In this paper the design of a bimanual haptic interface device for simulation of minimally invasive surgical procedures is described. Each of the two handles has five haptic degrees of freedom. The workspace of the device was designed to accommodate the working volumes required by a set of common minimally invasive abdominal surgical procedures. Preliminary measurements of the electromechanical performance of the device are also presented.

Waldron, KJ, Arkin, RC, Bakkum, D, Merrill, E & Abdallah, M 1970, 'Proprioceptive control for a robotic vehicle over geometric obstacles', Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE International Conference on Robots and Automation, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 109-114.
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In this paper we describe a software system built to coordinate an autonomous vehicle with variable configuration ability operating in rough terrain conditions. The paper describes the system architecture, with an emphasis on the action planning function. This is intended to work with a proprioceptive algorithm that continuously coordinates wheel torques and suspension forces and positions to achieve optimal terrain crossing performance.

Watt, D, Willey, K, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'The project management - Systems engineering dichotomy', IEMC-2003: MANAGING TECHNOLOGICALLY DRIVEN ORGANIZATIONS: THE HUMAN SIDE OF INNOVATION AND CHANGE, PROCEEDINGS, International Conference on Engineering Management, IEEE, Albany, USA, pp. 306-310.
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Considerable attention has been drawn by many researchers toward the System Development Life Cycle and how best to manage the development ofa Large Scale Systems within a competitive environment. The success in developing these systems is dependent upon many factors of influence both within the organisation delivering the system, and the market sector within which that organisation operates. These factors alone create an environment of extreme competition and uncertainty. Coupled to this is the uncertainty associated with the overall project objectives in understanding explicitly what is to be delivered and when. Technology may further complicate this situation, particularly when it is unprecedented.

Watterson, PA 1970, 'Design and control of brushless permanent magnet motors for constant power range with minimum inverter rating', ICEMS 2003 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Academic Publishers/Beijing World Publishing Corporation, Beijing, China, pp. 71-75.
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Flux-weakening of permanent magnet motors is commonly introduced above a base speed beyond which constant power is required. It is shown that lower inverter rating is achieved by also flux-weakening at the base speed. The motor should operate with equal currents and equal power factors at the extremes of the constant power range, with the current lagging the voltage at the base speed and leading the voltage at the maximum speed. Though arbitrarily high inverter utilisation is possible with high currents, it is suggested that a good compromise is to set the current advance angle at the base speed equal to the power angle there. For the broad constant power range limit, the resulting inverter rating is reduced by 23% compared to flux-weakening only above the base speed.

Wei, YY, Lin, C, Ren, FY, Dutkiewicz, E & Raad, R 1970, 'Session based differentiated quality of service admission control for web servers', 2003 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER NETWORKS AND MOBILE COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS, 2nd International Conference on Computer Networks and Mobile Computing, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 112-116.

Weily, AR, Esselle, K, Sanders, BC & Bird, TS 1970, 'Antennas based on 2-D and 3-D electromagnetic bandgap materials', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. Digest. Held in conjunction with: USNC/CNC/URSI North American Radio Sci. Meeting (Cat. No.03CH37450), 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation: URSI North American Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, pp. 847-850.
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We demonstrate two antennas that use two different electromagnetic bandgap materials. The first is a thin, high gain resonator antenna formed from a three-dimensional electromagnetic bandgap material and a metallic ground plane. The second structure is a defect-based horn antenna made from a two-dimensional electromagnetic bandgap material.

Wijesoma, WS, Kodagoda, KRS, Balasuriya, AP & Challa, S 1970, 'Road curb tracking in an urban environment', Sixth International Conference of Information Fusion, 2003. Proceedings of the, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference of Information Fusion, IEEE, Cairns, Australia, pp. 261-268.
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Road detection and tracking is very useful in the synthesis of driver assistance and intelligent transportation systems. In this paper a methodology is proposed based on the extended Kalman filer for robust road curb detection and tracking using a combination of onboard active and passive sensors. The problem is formulated as detecting and tracking a maneuvering target in clutter using onboard sensors on a moving platfbrm. The primary sensors utilized are a 2 dimensional SICK laser scanner, five encoders and a gyroscope, together with an image sensor (CCD camera). Compared to the active 20 laser scanner the CCD camera is capable of providing observations over an extended horizon, thus making available much useful information about the curb trend, which is exploited in mainly the laser based tracking algorithm. The advantage of the proposed image enhanced laser detectionhracking method, over laser alone detectionhracking, is illustrated using simulations and its robustness to varied road curvatures, branching, tums and scenarios, is demonstrated through experimental results.

Willey, K & Aboutanios, E 1970, 'Low Rate Data Acquisition Using Low Earth Orbit Satellites', Proceedings 3rd Australian Space Science Workshop, National Space Society of Australia, Sydney, Australia.

Wu, F, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'A New Approximation Algorithm for Solving Multiple Objective Linear Programming with Fuzzy Parameters', The Third International Conference on Electronic Business (ICEB 2003), International Conference on e-Business, National University of Singapore, Singapore, pp. 532-534.

Wu, Q, He, X & Hintz, T 1970, 'A triple-diagonal gradient-based edge detection', IASTED International Conference on Computer Graphics and Imaging, IASTED International Conference on Computer Graphics and Imaging, ACTA Press, Honolulu, USA, pp. 244-249.
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Gradient-based edge detection is a straightforward method to identity the edge points in the original grey-level image. It is consistent with the intuition that in the human vision system the edge points always appear where the change of grey-level is greatest within their neighbourhood. In this paper, triple-diagonal gradient-based edge detection is introduced. It is based on the features of Spiral Architecture and computes the gradients in three diagonal directions instead of approximating the gradient in one direction only as the traditional methods do. Essentially, it improves the accuracy for locating edge points. As a result, it does not need any supplementary processing to enhance the edge map.

Wu, Q, He, X & Hintz, T 1970, 'Edge map improvement on Spiral Architecture', Proceedings of the International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems and Technology, CISST, International Conference Imaging Science, Systems and Technology, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 179-185.
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Edge map is considered as an important entity containing most of object features in an image. Many computer vision systems rely on the use of the boundary line information to perform the object recognition tasks. However, with the exception of images acquired from highly restricted environment, common edge detectors do not guarantee the production of continuous boundaries of objects. In this paper, a local processing based edge-linking algorithm is proposed. We set a criterion involving multiple properties of the pixel to find the best candidate points for edge linking. In addition, this algorithm is implemented on Spiral Architecture.

Wu, Q, He, X, Hintz, T & Ye, Y 1970, 'Complete Image Partitioning on Spiral Architecture', Lecture Notes in Computer Science - Parallel and Distributed Processing and Applications International Symposium, ISPA 2003, IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Japan, pp. 304-315.
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Uniform image partitioning has been achieved on Spiral Architecture, which plays an important role in parallel image processing on many aspects such as uniform data partitioning, load balancing, zero data exchange between the processing nodes et al. However, when the number of partitions is not the power of seven like 49, each subimage except one is split into a few fragments which are mixed together. We could not tell which fragments belong to which sub-image. It is an unacceptable flaw to parallel image processing. This paper proposes a method to resolve the problem mentioned above. From the experimental results, it is shown that the proposed method correctly identifies the fragments belonging to the same sub-image and successfully collects them together to be a complete sub-image. Then, these sub-images can be distributed into the different processing nodes for further processing.

Wu, Y, Samali, B & Li, J 1970, 'Seismic Response of Torsionally Sensitive Building Models', Proceedings of the 10th Asia Pacific Vibration Conference, Asia Pacific Vibration Conference, Queensland University of Technology, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, pp. 765-770.

Xiaojing Huang & Yurixin Li 1970, 'Simple noncoherent cpm receivers by pam decomposition and mmse equalization', 14th IEEE Proceedings on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2003. PIMRC 2003., 14th IEEE on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2003. PIMRC 2003., IEEE, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 707-711.
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Xin Ma, Sukkarieh, S & Jong-Hyuk Kim 1970, 'Vehicle model aided inertial navigation', Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2003 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE, IEEE, pp. 1004-1009.
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Yaya Wei, Chuang Lin, Fengyuan Ren, Dutkiewicz, E & Raad, R 1970, 'Session based differentiated quality of service admission control for Web servers', 2003 International Conference on Computer Networks and Mobile Computing, 2003. ICCNMC 2003., 2003 International Conference on Computer Networks and Mobile Computing. ICCNMC 2003, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 112-116.
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© 2003 IEEE. Recent advance-session based admission control (SBAC) has resulted in protecting the server from entering a regime in which latencies are excessive or session throughput collapses due to dropped requests and aborted sessions. The goal of this work is to introduce differentiated QoS to SBAC. We propose a two-threshold SBAC scheme (QSBAC). It can provide high throughput for preferred clients especially in overload situation. Furthermore, to adapt to varying traffic loads, a dynamic QSBAC (DQSBAC) scheme is also proposed. The experimental results show that comparing with SBAC scheme, both QSBAC scheme and DQSBAC scheme can sustain higher session throughput for preferred clients, as well as decrease aborted session percentage greatly. Comparing with QSBAC scheme, DQSBC scheme is more feasible because of its adaptation to varying traffic loads.

Yaya Wei, Chuang Lin, Fengyuan Ren, Raad, R & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Dynamic priority handoff scheme in differentiated QoS wireless multimedia networks', Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications. ISCC 2003, ISCC 2003 - International Symposium on Computers and Communications, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 131-136.
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Handoff is one of the key elements in ensuring quality of service (QoS) in mobile wireless networks. Handoff connections generally have higher priority than new connections. Traditional reservation policies that reserve some channels for handoff connections are not adaptive to traffic load changes. This paper proposes a new dynamic guard channel scheme (DGCS), which 1) adapts to various traffic loads; 2) combines differentiated QoS service model and priority handoff mechanism; 3) provides fairness for differentiated QoS services; 4) does not need to exchange state information among different cells, so it is easy to be implemented and is simple enough to be used in real time environments; 5) and utilizes network resources efficiently and puts a bound on each service blocking probability. The simulation results show that the ratios among different QoS service probabilities are guaranteed to be predefined values and system utilization is improved greatly. © 2003 IEEE.

YE, HUA, ZHOU, W, YU, S & LAN, M 1970, 'IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE LMS AND RLS ALGORITHMS FOR ADAPTIVE EQUALIZER', Active Media Technology, Proceedings of the Second International Conference, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, LOGIST ENGN UNIV, CHONGQING, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 457-462.
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Yu Tao, Muthukkumarasamy, V, Verma, B & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'A texture extraction technique using 2D-DFT and Hamming distance', Proceedings Fifth International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications. ICCIMA 2003, Fifth International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications. ICCIMA 2003, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 120-125.
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© 2003 IEEE. Texture analysis plays an increasingly important role in computer vision. Since the textural properties of images appear to carry useful information for discrimination purposes, it is important to develop significant features for texture. This paper presents a novel technique for texture extraction and classification. The proposed feature extraction technique uses 2D-DFT transformation. A combination of this technique and a Hamming Distance based neural network for classification of extracted features is investigated. The experimental results on a benchmark database and detailed analysis are presented.

Yu, S, Zhou, W & Jia, W 1970, 'Fault-tolerant servers for anycast communication', Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, C S R E A PRESS, LAS VEGAS, NV, pp. 1244-1250.
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Plenty of research has been done for anycast service, but few research touches the fault-tolerant problem based on the best of our knowledge. In this paper, we propose and analyse a fault-tolerant model, called twin server model, for anycast communication to provide reliable and continuous anycast services. We select a twin server in an anycast group for a given anycast server, the primary server. If the twin server suspects that its primary server is dead, it will take the unfinished job(s) of its primary server. We propose two algorithms: the server failure detecting algorithm and the server failure broadcasting algorithm. We then analyse the performance change when a primary server fails using queue theory and obtain some interesting conclusions. At the end, we summary the paper and present the future work.

Yu, S, Zhou, W, Lan, M & Yue Wu 1970, 'An architecture of Internet based data processing based on multicast and anycast protocols', Proceedings of the 8th International Scientific and Practical Conference of Students, Post-graduates and Young Scientists. Modern Technique and Technologies. MTT'2002 (Cat. No.02EX550), Fourth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, IEEE, CHENGDU, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 104-110.
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Yuehe Ge & Esselle, KP 1970, 'Applications of G-E closed-form Green's functions for modelling substrate based antennas', 6th International SYmposium on Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory, 2003. Proceedings. 2003, 6th International SYmposium on Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory, 2003. Proceedings. 2003, IEEE, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 694-697.
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Yusop, N, Zowghi, D & Lowe, DB 1970, 'An Analysis of E-Business Systems Impacts on the Business Domain', The Third International Conference on Electronic Business (ICEB2003), International Conference on e-Business, National University of Singapore, Marriott Hotel, Singapore, pp. 79-81.

Zeibots, ME 1970, 'How do cities work and why is transport so significant: regional sustainability and the search for new evaluation tools', International Sustainability Conference: Regional Governance for Sustainability, Proceedings, International Sustainability Conference: Regional Governance for Sustainability, Department of the Premier and Cabinet, WA, Fremantle, Australia, pp. 2-28.

Zhang, B, Zhang, G & Lu, J 1970, 'A System for Solving Fuzzy Linear Programming Problems by Multi-Objective Linear Programming', Proceedings of International Conference on Fuzzy Information Processing Theories and Applications Volume II, International Conference on Fuzzy Information Processing Theories and Applications, Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, China, pp. 675-680.

Zhang, G & Lu, J 1970, 'A Group Decision Making Approach for Dealing with Fuzziness in Decision Process', The Third International Conference on Electronic Business (ICEB 2003), International Conference on e-Business, National University of Singapore, Singapore, pp. 76-78.

Zhang, G & Lu, J 1970, 'A Group Decision Making Method with Fuzzy Weights for Decision Makers, Fuzzy Preferences for Alternatives and Fuzzy Judgements for Selection Criteria', Proceedings of International Conference on Fuzzy Information Processing Theories and Applications Volume II, International Conference on Fuzzy Information Processing Theories and Applications, Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, China, pp. 655-661.

Zhang, GQ & Lu, J 1970, 'Using general fuzzy number to handle fuzziness in group decision', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH JOINT CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SCIENCES, Joint Conference on Information Sciences, Association for Intelligent Machinery Inc, North Carolina, USA, pp. 175-179.

Zhang, J, Kennedy, RA & Abhayapala, TD 1970, 'New results on the capacity of M-ary PPM ultra-wideband systems', IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2003. ICC '03., IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, IEEE, pp. 2867-2871.
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In this paper, some new results on the capacity of a typical M-ary pulse position modulation (M-PPM) time hopping (TH) Ultra- Wideband (UWB) system are presented. Previous results using a 'pure PPM model' are proven to exaggerate the real capacity of a UWB system. Based on an extended model containing correlator and soft decision decoding, the capacity is evaluated in the single-user case and in the case of a system with asynchronous multiple user interference (MUI) when the inputs are equiprobable. It is found that only when bit- signal-to-noise ratio (bit-SNR) is high enough, larger M leads to higher capacity; and for a specific M, the optimal values of PPM time offset parameter Td, which maximize the capacity, are independent of bit-SNR. The influence of MUI on capacity is detrimental, especially in the case of high bit-SNR.

Zhang, J, Kennedy, RA & Abhayapala, TD 1970, 'Performance of RAKE reception for ultra wideband signals in a lognormal fading channel', Proc. IWUWBS, Citeseer, pp. 5-9.

Zhang, T, Abhayapala, TD & Kennedy, RA 1970, 'Performance of ultra-wideband correlator receiver using Gaussian monocycles', IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2003. ICC '03., IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, IEEE, pp. 2192-2196.
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This paper investigates the performance of UltraWideband (UWB) correlator receivers for Gaussian monocycles under the condition of equal mean power and provides constructive reference to the selection of pulses. Several channel situations are examined including ideal single user AWGN channel, non-ideal synchronous, multipath fading and multiple access interference. Both numerical and analytical techniques show that the shape of pulses have notable impact on the performance of correlator receivers, especially on the interference resistance ability and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the output. The results are also extended to the field of fractional bandwidth to better understand the possible relationship between fractional bandwidth and correlator receivers.

Zhou, L & Zhu, J 1970, 'Applications of MLSDQ method for analysis of electromagnetic fields', Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference Proceedings, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 161-167.

Zhu, JG, Zhong, JJ, Lin, ZW & Sievert, JD 1970, 'Measurement of core losses with 3D magnetic fluxes', Digest of INTERMAG 2003. International Magnetics Conference (Cat. No.03CH37401), Digests of INTERMAG 2003. International Magnetics Conference, IEEE.
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© 2003 IEEE. In this paper we study the measurement of magnetic properties of 3D fluxes and the tester has been constructed. The magnetic flux is three dimensional due to the rotation of magnetic domains.

Zhu, JG, Zhong, JJ, Lin, ZW & Sievert, JD 1970, 'Measurement of core losses with 3D magnetic fluxes', Digests of the Intermag Conference.
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The measurement of core losses with 3D magnetic fluxes is discussed. In a magnetic material with an alternating (ID) or two dimensional (2D) rotating magnetic field, the magnetic flux is three dimensional due to the rotation of magnetic domains. The understanding and modeling of the magnetization process in a magnetic material is complete only when the 3D magnetic properties are taken into account.

Zowghi, D, Paryani, S, SOCIETY, IC & SOCIETY, IC 1970, 'Teaching requirements engineering through role playing: Lessons learnt', 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference, IEEE, Monterey Bay, California, USA, pp. 233-241.

Burdon, SW, Holmes, J & Terrill, D Commonwealth of Australia/ National Office for the Information Economy 2003, Productivity and organisational transformation: optimising investment in ICT, pp. 1-192, Sydney.

Eager, DM Standards Australia 2003, Trampoline, pp. 1-17, Sydney, Australia.

Zeibots, ME Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS 2003, Before and after opening of the M4 motorway from Mays Hill to Prospect: Sydney case studies in induced traffic growth, pp. 1-52, Sydney, Australia.

Zhou, J & Tonnies, KD University of Magdeburg, Germany 2003, State of the art for volume rendering, pp. 1-29, Computer Vision Group, School of Computer Science, University of Magdeburg, Germany.

McGloin, D, Carruthers, AE, Dholakia, K & Wright, EM 2003, 'Optically bound microscopic particles in one dimension'.

Watterson, PA, Ramsden, VS, Hunter, G, Conry, R & Lovatt, H 2003, 'Canada's Energy Efficiency Award for 2003 (Category: Equipment and Technology: Energy-using Equipment'.

Watterson, PA, Ramsden, VS, Hunter, G, Lovatt, H & Conry, R 2003, 'Energy - Innovation Award'.