Publications

Eager, DM 2007, Project Management Dictionary, 1st, McGraw-Hill, Sydney.
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This is the First Edition of Project Management Dictionary. Project Management, like most professions, has its own terminology, specific terms and jargon that make using the traditional dictionary ineffective. I have been teaching Project Management at a postgraduate level for almost 10 years. During this time I have noticed a change in the mix of the students from a class comprised almost entirely of students for whom English was their first or native language to classes where less than 50% of the students have English as their first language. This book was specifically written to assist this latter group of students and give them an easy cross-referencing tool.

Lu, J, Zhang, G, Ruan, D & Wu, F 2007, Multi-objective group decision making: methods, software and applications, 1, Imperial College Press, London, UK.

Vigneswaran, S, Sundaravadivel, M, Kandasamy, JK & Chaudhary, DS 2007, Environmental Management - 2nd Edn., 2, Scitech Publications, Chennai.

Abolhasan, M & Boustead, P 2007, 'Case Study XXI: UHF-Based Community Voice Service in Ngaanyatjarra Land of Australia' in Dyson, LE, Hendriks, M & Grant, S (eds), Information Technology and Indigenous People, Information Science Publishing, Hershey, pp. 295-297.

Abolhasan, M & Boustead, P 2007, 'UHF-Based Community Voice Service in Ngannyatjarra Lands of Australia' in Information Technology and Indigenous People, IGI Global, pp. 295-297.
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The Ngaanyatjarra land is located in the Gibson Desert in the state of Western Australia, and is the home of 12 major communities primarily made up of indigenous peoples. These communities are spread over a 250,000 square kilometre radius, with the population of each community ranging from 75 to 450. The remote location of these communities, far from major rural centres, has limited the roll-out of advanced communication technologies. One area of concern has been the limited availability of personal communication services to provide communication links within and between these communities.

Cao, L, Zhang, C, Luo, D & Dai, R 2007, 'Intelligence Metasynthesis in Building Business Intelligence Systems' in Carbonell, JG, Siekmann, J, Zhong, N, Liu, J, Yao, Y, Wu, J, Lu, S & Li, K (eds), Web Intelligence Meets Brain Informatics, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 454-470.
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In our previous work, we have analyzed the shortcomings of existing business intelligence (BI) theory and its actionable capability. One of the works we have presented is the ontology-based integration of business, data warehousing and data mining. This way may make existing BI systems as user and business-friendly as expected. However, it is challenging to tackle issues and construct actionable and business friendly systems by simply improving existing BI framework. Therefore, in this paper, we further propose a new framework for constructing next generation BI systems. That is intelligence metasynthesis, namely the next-generation BI systems should to some extent synthesize four types of intelligence, including data intelligence, domain intelligence, human intelligence and network/web intelligence. The theory for guiding the intelligence metasynthesis is metasynthetic engineering. To this end, an appropriate intelligence integration framework is substantially important. We first address the roles of each type of intelligence in developing nextgeneration BI systems. Further, implementation issues are addressed by discussing key components for synthesizing the intelligence. The proposed framework is based on our real-world experience and practice in designing and implementing BI systems. It also greatly benefits from multi-disciplinary knowledge dialog such as complex intelligent systems and cognitive sciences. The proposed theoretical framework has potential to deal with key challenges in existing BI framework and systems.

Chiang, F & Braun, R 2007, 'Towards a management paradigm with a constrained benchmark for autonomic communications' in Wang, Y, Cheung, YM & Liu, H (eds), Computational Intelligence and Security, Springer, Germany, pp. 250-258.
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This paper describes a management paradigm to give effect to autonomic activation, monitoring and control of services or products in the future converged telecommunications networks. It suggests an architecture that places the various management functions into a structure that can then be used to select those functions which may yield to autonomic management, as well as guiding the design of the algorithms. The validation of this architecture, with particular focus on service configuration, is done via a genetic algorithm - Population Based Incremental Learning (PBIL). Even with this centralized adaptation strategy, the simulation results show that the proposed architecture and benchmark can be applied to this constrained benchmark, produces effective convergence performance in terms of finding nearly optimal configurations under multiple constraints. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

Chiang, F, Chaczko, Z, Agbinya, J & Braun, R 2007, 'Ant-Based Topology Convergence Algorithms for Resource Management in VANETs' in az, RMD, Pichler, F & Arencibia, AQ (eds), Computer Aided Systems Theory – EUROCAST 2007, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 992-1000.
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Frequent changes caused by IP-connectivity and user-oriented services in Inter-Vehicular Communication Networks (VCNs) set great challenges to construct reliable, secure and fast converged topology formed by trusted mobile nodes and links. In this paper, based on a new metric for network performance called topology convergence and a new Object-Oriented Management Information Base - active MIB (O:MIB), we propose an ant-based topology convergence algorithm that applies the swarm intelligence metaphor to find the near-optimal converged topology in VCNs which maximizes system performance and guarantee a further sustainable and maintainable system topology to achieve Quality of Service (QoS) and system throughput. This algorithm is essentially a distributed approach in that each node collects information from local neighbor nodes by invoking the methods from each localized O:MIB, through the sending and receiving of ant packets from each active node, to find the appropriate nodes to construct a routing path. Simulation results show this approach can lead to a fast converged topology with regards to multiple optimization objectives, as well as scale to network sizes and service demands. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

Ding, G 2007, 'Contaminated land' in Best, R & de Valence, G (eds), Design and Construction, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, pp. 195-210.
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Editorial comment One of the undesirable legacies of the industrial development of the past two centuries is the large amount of prime real estate in cities around the world that has been badly contaminated by industrial activity. In the years of uncontrolled expansion of industry in cities such as London and Manchester, great areas of land, often in what are now highly prized inner city or waterfront locations, were given over to all manner of factories and industrial plant: tanneries, refineries, power stations, forges, mills and foundries. Environmental controls were generally non-existent, chimneys belched thick smoke into the atmosphere, leaks and spills were allowed to simply soak away, all sorts of oils and solvents and toxic chemicals found their way into the soil and by leaching made their way into neighbouring sites, and all manner of human and industrial waste was discharged into local waterways. So bad was the situation that Engels, in 1844, described the River Irk in Manchester as ‘… a narrow, coal black, foul smelling stream full of debris and refuse… disgusting, blackish green slime pools… giving off a stench unendurable…’ (cited in McLaren, 1983), and the average age of death around that time amongst the working classes in London was only 22, in Leeds 21, and in Manchester, an incredible 18 (Dodds, 1953, cited in McLaren, 1983).

Dyson, LE 2007, 'Managing the Environmental Impact of Information Technology' in Quigley, M (ed), Encyclopedia of Information Ethics and Security, IGI Global, Hershey, USA, pp. 433-439.
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This article explores a much under-researched field of ethics: the impact of information technology (IT) on the environment. Reducing the ecological impact of IT requires a holistic approach including better design of computers, the development of non-polluting manufacturing processes, and effective management strategies. The latter have received much attention in recent years. The three main areas of management focus have been the problems of hardware disposal, the energy consumed by computer technology in operation, and paper usage by printers and photocopiers.

Dyson, LE 2007, 'Wireless Applications in Africa' in Dyson, LE, Hendriks, M & Grant, S (eds), Information Technology and Indigenous People, IGI Global, Hershey, pp. 286-294.
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This chapter examines wireless technologies in Africa, with special reference to indigenous minority populations. In a continent with limited infrastructure, itinerant populations, low literacy levels and little money to spend on technology, wireless is proving an effective solution. Four implementations are examined to demonstrate how new approaches to mobile design are producing culturally and environmentally appropriate technology: the Himba’s satellite-based mobile telephone network, Cyber Sherpherd, Cybertracker and WorldSpace satellite Internet radios.

Dyson, LE, Hendriks, M & Grant, S 2007, 'Future Directions' in Information Technology and Indigenous People, IGI Global, pp. 314-315.
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This book has demonstrated that the use of information technology within indigenous communities and by indigenous peoples is no longer an issue of debate but a proven fact. It is no longer a dream of the future but is the reality of today.

Fitch, R, Butler, Z & Rus, D 2007, 'In-place distributed heterogeneous reconfiguration planning', SPRINGER, pp. 159-168.
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Grant, S, Hendriks, M & Dyson, LE 2007, 'The Indigenous Pre-IT Program' in Dyson, LE, Hendriks, M & Grant, S (eds), Information Technology and Indigenous People, IGI Global, Hershey, pp. 126-131.
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From January 12-24, 2004 the Faculty of Information Technology, at the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), conducted the first Pre-IT program for indigenous students in Australia. The program was run successfully for a second time in July 2005, with a another planned for 2006. The Pre-IT grew out of the Indigenous Participation in Information Technology (IPIT) Project which began at UTS in 2002. The purpose of the IPIT Project is to increase the participation of indigenous Australians in IT studies and careers (Robertson, Dyson, Norman, & Buckley, 2002).

Hagare, P & Miller, SC 2007, 'On-Site Sanitation Technologies for Reuse' in Vigneswaran, SV (ed), Wastewater Recycle, Reuse, and Reclamation, Eolss Publishers Co., Ltd.,, UK, pp. 146-178.

Herath, HD, Kodagoda, S & Dissanayake, G 2007, 'Stereo Vision Based SLAM: Issues and Solutions' in Obinata, G & Dutta, A (eds), Vision Systems, ITECH, Austria, pp. 555-582.

Hoofman, RJOM, Nguyen, VH, Arnal, V, Broekaart, M, Gosset, LG, Besling, WFA, Fayolle, M & Iacopi, F 2007, 'Integration of Low‐ k Dielectric Films in Damascene Processes' in Dielectric Films for Advanced Microelectronics, Wiley, pp. 199-250.
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This book is intended for postgraduate level students, PhD students and industrial researchers, to enable them to gain insight into this important area of research.

Indraratna, B, Fatahi, B & Khabbaz, H 2007, 'Finite element modelling of soil-vegetation interaction' in Schanz, T (ed), Theoretical and Numerical Unsaturated Soil Mechanics, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Germany, pp. 211-223.
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Behaviour of soils in the vadose zone is closely linked to water balance between ground and atmosphere. It seems that transpiration is the most uncertain and difficult to evaluate of all the terms in the soil water balance. The key variable to estimate the transpiration rate is the rate of root water uptake, which depends on the hydrological, geological and meteorological conditions. A mathematical model for the rate of root water uptake incorporating the root growth rate, ground conditions, type of vegetation and climatic parameters, has been developed. A conical shape is considered to represent the geometry of the tree root zone. Using this proposed model, the distribution of moisture and the matric suction profile adjacent to the tree are numerically analysed. Field measurements taken from literature published previously are compared with the authorsâ numerical model. The predicted results obtained from the numerical analysis, compared favourably with the field measurements, justifying the assumptions upon which the model was developed. The analysis also indicates that soil suction and settlement increase over the time, with the effect being more significant in the first stages of transpiration.

Jap, BT, Lal, S, Fischer, P & Bekiaris, E 2007, 'Using Spectral Analysis to Extract Frequency Components from Electroencephalography: Application for Fatigue Countermeasure in Train Drivers' in Agbingya, JI, Sevimli, O, Reisenfeld, S, Selvadurai, K, Lal, S, Al-Jumaily, A & Li, Y (eds), Advances in Broadband Communication and Networks, IEEE, Denmark, pp. 329-343.
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Train accidents can have a massive impact towards the surrounding area as well as the general community. Most train accidents can be attributed to fatigue, and hence, development of fatigue countermeasure devices that can warn drivers of fatigue status and prevent accidents can greatly benefit train drivers, passengers, society and general community. Electroencephalography (EEG) has been proven to be one of the most reliable indicators of fatigue. This study investigated the change of brain activity during fatigue-instigating monotonous driving session, by extracting the four frequency components (delta, theta, alpha, and beta) using FFT spectral analysis at different brain sites (frontal, central, temporal, parietal, and occipital). Results identified some statistically significant differences between early and later stages of driving in delta, theta and beta activities at different brain sites. The results of the current study may be used for future development of fatigue countermeasure by targeting specific frequency component and brain sites. © 2007 IEEE.

Kulatunga, AK, Skinner, BT, Liu, DK & Nguyen, HT 2007, 'Distributed simultaneous task allocation and motion coordination of autonomous vehicles using a parallel computing cluster' in Tarn, TJ, Chen, SB & Zhou, C (eds), Robotic Welding, Intelligence and Automation, Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 409-420.
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Task allocation and motion coordination are the main factors that should be consi-dered in the coordination of multiple autonomous vehicles in material handling systems. Presently, these factors are handled in different stages, leading to a reduction in optimality and efficiency of the overall coordination. However, if these issues are solved simultaneously we can gain near optimal results. But, the simultaneous approach contains additional algorithmic complexities which increase computation time in the simulation environment. This work aims to reduce the computation time by adopting a parallel and distributed computation strategy for Simultaneous Task Allocation and Motion Coordination (STAMC). In the simulation experiments, each cluster node executes the motion coordination algorithm for each autonomous vehicle. This arrangement enables parallel computation of the expensive STAMC algorithm. Parallel and distributed computation is performed directly within the interpretive MATLAB environment. Results show the parallel and distributed approach provides sub-linear speedup compared to a single centralised computing node. © 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Langston, C & Ding, G 2007, 'Sustainability and environmental assessment' in Best, R, Langston, C & de Valence, G (eds), Workplace Strategies and Facilities Management, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, pp. 337-351.
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Editorial comment Taking a whole-of-life approach to the management of facilities is not only an obvious strategy, but an increasingly necessary one. Built facilities have life cycles in excess of several decades, and in some cases, several centuries. It is no longer plausible to ignore future implications of present decisions and yet there is still plenty of evidence that this practice continues. If market forces do not dictate different actions then surely legislative controls will be introduced to ensure that society’s resources are used more wisely.

Liu, DK & Kulatunga, AK 2007, 'Simultaneous Planning and Scheduling for Multi-Autonomous Vehicles' in Dahal, KP, Tan, KC & Cowling, PI (eds), Evolutionary Scheduling, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Heidelberg, pp. 437-464.
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With the increasing applications of autonomous vehicles in dynamic and strictly constrained environments such as automated container terminals, efficient task/resource allocation and motion coordination (i.e., path and speed planning) of multi-autonomous vehicles has become the critical problem and have therefore been recently recognized as the key research issues by both academics and industry. This chapter addresses a generic approach for integration of task allocation, path planning and collision avoidance, which has so far not attracted much attention in the academic literature. A Simultaneous Task Allocation and Motion Coordination (STAMC) approach is presented. Two metaheuristic algorithms, i.e. simulated annealing and ant colony, and an auction algorithm are investigated and applied. The proposed approach is able to solve the scheduling, planning and collision avoidance problems simultaneously; improve the usage of bottleneck areas; handle dynamic traffic conditions and avoid deadlock. Simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of this approach. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

Lu, J, Bai, C & Zhang, G 2007, 'E-Service Cost Benefit Evaluation and Analysis' in Lu, J, Ruan, D & Zhang, G (eds), E-Service Intelligence, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Deblick, Germany, pp. 389-409.
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Lu, J, Ruan, D & Zhang, G 2007, 'E-Service Intelligence: An Introduction' in Lu, J, Ruan, D & Zhang, G (eds), E-Service Intelligence, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Deblick, Germany, pp. 1-33.
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E-service intelligence is a new research field that deals with fundamental roles, social impacts and practical applications of various intelligent technologies on the Internet based e-service applications that are provided by e-government, e-business, e-commerce, e-market, e-finance, and e-learning systems, to name a few. This chapter offers a thorough introduction and systematic overview of the new field e-service intelligence mainly based on computational intelligence techniques. It covers the state-of-the-art of the research and development in various aspects including both theorems and applications of e-service intelligence. Moreover, it demonstrates how adaptations of existing computational intelligent technologies benefit from the development of e-service applications in online customer decision, personalized services, web mining, online searching/data retrieval, and various web-based support systems. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

Lu, Z, Zhang, J, Han, B, Deng, Z & Lu, J 2007, 'The Development of Urban E-Governement in China' in Al-Hakim, L (ed), Global E-Government, IGI Global, Hershey, USA, pp. 214-237.
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The chapter assesses and cognizes the development of urban e-government in China from two main aspects: functionality and complexity. To functionality, nine websites of urban governments in China at three levels were selected for this assessment. Data needed for the study was tracked and recorded continuously for six weeks from these websites. To complexity, the influence of e-government to urban modality and evolution are explored, which shows that e-government has a leading role to the gathering and decentralization of urban space, the organization of material (people) flows and the informal exchange in internal cities.

Meyer, L & Raitt, S 2007, 'Preface' in Advances in metallurgical and mining engineering : selected, peer reviewed papers from the International Conference on Chemical, Material and Metallurgical Engineering, pp. 263-268.

Nataatmadja, I & Dyson, L 2007, 'The Role of Information and Communication Technology in Managing Cultural Diversity in the Modern Workforce' in Law, WK (ed), Information Resources Management, IGI Global, Hershey, PA, USA, pp. 283-304.
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This chapter demonstrates how managers can use information and communication technology (ICT) more effectively in culturally diverse workforces. Basing our analysis on the cultural dimensions of Hofstede and Hall, we compare a range of ICTs and provide a chart summarizing their strengths and weaknesses. In addition, a framework for developing ICT is proposed, and an example of its application to a global organization is presented. The study shows that none of the existing ICT tools is perfect in all situations and all cultural contexts. Therefore, managers need to provide a variety of ICTs to their employees, and developers should build flexibility into their ICT designs.

O’Neill, T, Denford, M, Leaney, J & Dunsire, K 2007, 'Managing Enterprise Architecture Change' in Pallab Saha (ed), Handbook of Enterprise Systems Architecture in Practice, IGI Global, USA, pp. 192-205.
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Enterprise architecture (EA) is the recognised place where the engineering practice of systems architecture meets real-world enterprise needs. The enterprise computer-based systems employed by organisations today can be extremely complex. These systems are essential for undertaking business and general operations in the modern environment, and yet the ability of organisations to control their evolution is questionable. The emerging practice of enterprise architecture seeks to control that complexity through the use of a holistic and top-down perspective. However, the methodologies and toolsets already in use are very much bottom-up by nature. An architecture-based approach is herein proposed; one that has at its base a complete and formal architectural description (or model). This allows enterprise architects, strategists, and designers to confidently model, predict, and control the emergent properties of their respective systems from an architectural point of view. The authors conclude that by using an approach founded upon an architectural model to analyse software and enterprise systems, architects can guide the design and evolution of architectures based on quantifiable nonfunctional requirements. Furthermore, hierarchical 3D visualisation provides a meaningful and intuitive means for conceiving and communicating complex architectures.

Paul, G, Liu, DK & Kirchner, N 2007, 'An algorithm for surface growing from laser scan generated point clouds' in Tarn, TJ, Chen, SB & Zhou, C (eds), Robotic Welding, Intelligence and Automation, Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 481-491.
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In robot applications requiring interaction with a partially/unknown environment, mapping is of paramount importance. This paper presents an effective surface growing algorithm for map building based on laser scan generated point clouds. The algorithm directly converts a point cloud into a surface and normals form which sees a significant reduction in data size and is in a desirable format for planning the interaction with surfaces. It can be used in applications such as robotic cleaning, painting and welding. © 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Phua, CW & Fitch, R 2007, 'Tracking value function dynamics to improve reinforcement learning with piecewise linear function approximation', ACM, pp. 751-758.
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Reinforcement learning algorithms can become unstable when combined with linear function approximation. Algorithms that minimize the mean-square Bellman error are guaranteed to converge, but often do so slowly or are computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose to improve the convergence speed of piecewise linear function approximation by tracking the dynamics of the value function with the Kalman filter using a random-walk model. We cast this as a general framework in which we implement the TD, Q-Learning and MAXQ algorithms for different domains, and report empirical results demonstrating improved learning speed over previous methods.

Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Kim, J-H & Ngo, HH 2007, 'Application of a Photocatalysis System to Wastewater : A Detailed Organic Removal of Different Fractions' in Science and Technology in Catalysis 2006, Elsevier, pp. 559-560.
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Sidhu, AS, Kennedy, PJ & Simoff, S 2007, 'Knowledge Discovery in Biomedical Data Facilitated by Domain Ontologies' in Zhu, X & Davidson, I (eds), Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, IGI Global, Hershey, USA, pp. 189-201.
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In some real-world areas, it is important to enrich the data with external background knowledge so as to provide context and to facilitate pattern recognition. These areas may be described as data rich but knowledge poor. There are two challenges to incorporate this biological knowledge into the data mining cycle: (1) generating the ontologies; and (2) adapting the data mining algorithms to make use of the ontologies. This chapter presents the state-of-the-art in bringing the background ontology knowledge into the pattern recognition task for biomedical data.

Xu, J, Liu, DK & Fang, G 2007, 'An Efficient Method for Collision Detection and Distance Queries in a Robotic Bridge Maintenance System' in Tarn, TJ, Chen, SB & Zhou, C (eds), Robotic Welding, Intelligence and Automation, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Heidelberg, pp. 71-82.
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When applying autonomous industrial robotic systems in an unknown/partially known or cluttered environment, mapping and representation of the environment as well as collision detection becomes crucial. Existing techniques in these areas are generally complex and computationally expensive to implement. In this paper an efficient sphere representation method is introduced for environment representation, collision detection and distance queries. In particular, this method is designed for the application in an autonomous bridge maintenance system. Simulation results show that this method is effective in environment representation and collision detection. Furthermore, the proposed method is also computationally efficient for real-time implementation. © 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Ying, M 2007, 'Quantum logic and automata theory' in Engesser, K, Gabbay, DM & Lehmann, D (eds), Handbook of Quantum Logic and Quantum Structures, Elsevier, London, UK, pp. 619-754.
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It is noted that a theory of computation based on quantum logic is to be established as a logical foundation of quantum computation. Finite automata and pushdown automata are considered the simplest abstract mathematical models of computing machines. Automata theory is an essential part of computation theory. This chapter describes a systematic exposition of automata theory. In context to this theory, quantum logic is treated as an orthomodular lattice-valued logic. The approach employed in developing this theory is essentially the semantical analysis. This chapter introduces notions of orthomodular lattice-valued finite automata and pushdown automata and their various variants. It defines the classes of languages accepted-namely, orthomodular lattice-valued regular languages and context-free languages. This chapter also re-examines various properties of automata in the framework of quantum logic, including the Kleene theorem concerning equivalence between finite automata and regular expressions, equivalence between pushdown automata and context-free grammars, and the pumping lemma both for regular languages and for context-free languages. © 2007 Copyright © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Zhang, G, Lu, J & Dillon, T 2007, 'Fuzzy Linear Bilevel Optimization: Solution Concepts, Approaches and Applications' in Wang, PP, Ruan, D & Kerre, EE (eds), Fuzzy Logic, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 351-379.
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Bilevel programming provides a means of supporting two level non-cooperative decision-making. When a decision maker at the upper level (the leader) attempts to optimize an objective, the decision maker at the lower level (the follower) tries to find an optimized strategy according to each of the possible decisions made by the leader. A bilevel decision model is normally based on experts’ understanding of possible choices made by decision makers at both levels. The parameters, either in the objective functions or constraints of the leader or the follower in a bilevel decision model, are therefore hard to characterize by precise values. Hence this study proposes a fuzzy parameter linear bilevel programming model and its solution concept. It then develops three approaches to solve the proposed fuzzy linear bilevel programming problems by applying fuzzy set techniques. Finally, a numerical example and a case study illustrate the applications of the proposed three approaches.

Zilberg, E, Xu, ZM, Burton, D, Karrar, M & Lal, S 2007, 'Methodology and initial analysis results for development of non-invasive and hybrid driver drowsiness detection systems' in Agbinya, JI, Sevimli, O, Lal, S, Selvadurai, S, Al-Jumaily, A, Li, Y & Reisenfeld, S (eds), Advances in Broadband Communication and Networks, IEEE, Denmark, pp. 309-328.
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Application of piezofilm movement sensors integrated into the car seat, seat belt and steering wheel was proposed for development of a noninvasive and hybrid systems for detecting driver drowsiness. A car simulator study was designed to collect physiological data for validation of this technology. Methodology for analysis of physiological data, independent assessment of driver drowsiness and development of drowsiness detection algorithm by means of sequential fitting and selection of regression models is presented. Statistical analysis shows that during the episodes of transitions to dangerous levels of drowsiness movement variations recorded by the seat sensors are decreasing.

Abolhasan, M & Wysocki, TA 2007, 'Dynamic zone topology routing protocol for MANETs', EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 351-368.
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The limited scalability of the proactive and reactive routing protocols have resulted in the introduction of new generation of routing in mobile ad hoc networks, called hybrid routing. These protocols aim to extend the scalability of such networks beyond several hundred to thousand of nodes by defining a virtual infrastructure in the network. However, many of the hybrid routing protocols proposed to date are designed to function using a common pre-programmed static zone map. Other hybrid protocols reduce flooding by grouping nodes into clusters, governed by a cluster-head, which may create performance bottlenecks or a single point of failures at each cluster-head node.We propose a new routing strategy in which zones are created dynamically, using a dynamic zone creation algorithm. Therefore, nodes are not restricted to a specific region. Additionally, nodes perform routing and data forwarding in a cooperative manner, which means that in the case failure, route recalculation is minimised. Routing overheads are also further reduced by introducing a number of GPS-based location tracking mechanisms, which reduces the route discovery area and the number of nodes queried to find the required destination.

Adistambha, K, Davis, SJ, Ritz, CH & Burnett, IS 2007, 'Query Streaming for Multimedia Query by Content from Mobile Devices', The 9th International Symposium on DSP and Communication Systems, DSPCS’2007, pp. 1-6.

AL-mahmoud, F, Castel, A, François, R & Tourneur, C 2007, 'Effect of surface pre-conditioning on bond of carbon fibre reinforced polymer rods to concrete', Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 677-689.
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Angelini, M 2007, 'Re-imagining the Caesars', Opticon1826, vol. 1, no. 2.

Areerachakul, N, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH & Kandasamy, J 2007, 'Granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption-photocatalysis hybrid system in the removal of herbicide from water', SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 206-211.
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The performance of the granular activated carbon (GAC) fixed bed adsorption, the continuous photocatalysis systems and a combination of the two were studied to evaluate their capabilities in removing the herbicide of metsulfuron-methyl (MM) from waste wa

Armand, S, Blumenstein, M & Muthukkumarasamy, V 2007, 'Off-line Signature Verification Using an Enhanced Modified Direction Feature with Single and Multi-classifier Approaches', IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 18-25.
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A study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of Modified Direction Feature (MDF) for performing off-line signature verification and dome modifications to the extracted features were proposed. The study was conducted by combining the 'Grupo de Procesado Digital de Senales' (GPDS) signature database and additional signatures collected by the researchers. A total of 2376 sample signatures were used to conduct the study. Reseahers used 44 sets of signatures, with 24 samples of genuine and 30 samples of forged signatures used. The binary image of each signature was processed, and edges extracted, providing the first step of reducing the amount of data that described each pattern. MDF and additional features were proposed to provide significant information for the signature verification problem.

Arya, V, Duffield, NG & Veitch, D 2007, 'Multicast inference of temporal loss characteristics', Performance Evaluation, vol. 64, no. 9-12, pp. 1169-1180.
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AUNG, Z & LI, J 2007, 'MINING SUPER-SECONDARY STRUCTURE MOTIFS FROM 3D PROTEIN STRUCTURES: A SEQUENCE ORDER INDEPENDENT APPROACH', Genome Informatics 2007, vol. 19, pp. 15-+.
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Azadeh, A, Ghaderi, SF, Anvari, M & Saberi, M 2007, 'Performance assessment of electric power generations using an adaptive neural network algorithm', Energy Policy, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 3155-3166.
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Azadeh, A, Ghaderi, SF, Anvari, M, Saberi, M & Izadbakhsh, H 2007, 'An integrated artificial neural network and fuzzy clustering algorithm for performance assessment of decision making units', Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 187, no. 2, pp. 584-599.
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Azadeh, A, Ghaderi, SF, Tarverdian, S & Saberi, M 2007, 'Integration of artificial neural networks and genetic algorithm to predict electrical energy consumption', Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 186, no. 2, pp. 1731-1741.
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Ball, JE 2007, 'Selected papers from The Ninth Annual Environmental Research Conference 2005 (ERE 2005)', The Environmentalist, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 1-2.
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Biswajeet, P & Saro, L 2007, 'Utilization of Optical Remote Sensing Data and GIS Tools for Regional Landslide Hazard Analysis Using an Artificial Neural Network Model', Earth Science Frontiers, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 143-151.
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BLAMIRES, SJ, THOMPSON, MB & HOCHULI, DF 2007, 'Habitat selection and web plasticity by the orb spider Argiope keyserlingi (Argiopidae): Do they compromise foraging success for predator avoidance?', Austral Ecology, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 551-563.
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Abstract  Orb web spiders face a dilemma: forage in open habitats and risk predation or forage in closed habitats to minimize risk but at reduced foraging profitability. We tested whether Argiope keyserlingi opts for safer habitats at the expense of foraging success by (i) determining habitat selection indices in open and closed habitats; (ii) marking and releasing individual juvenile, subadult and adults over two 4‐week periods to determine if life‐history stage influences habitat selection; and (iii) determining the biotic and abiotic environmental parameters that relate to A. keyserlingi abundance. We found that A. keyserlingi selected closed habitats. Sedge and anthropogenic structures were selected and trees were avoided. Juveniles were never found in open habitats, most likely because of high postdispersal mortality. Subadults and adults may shift from closed to open habitats while juveniles never shifted habitat. Foliage density, plant height, potential prey abundance, and mantid and bird abundance were correlated with A. keyserlingi abundance, with only bird abundance explaining habitat selection. We measured web capture area, spiral distance (distance between spiral threads) and the number of decoration arms (0, 1, 2, 3 or 4) in the field and did laboratory experiments to test the influence of (i) space and vegetation; (ii) prey abundance; and (iii) web damage, on web architecture. Argiope keyserlingi webs exhibited geometric plasticity by having larger prey capture areas and spiral distances in open habitats. Decoration design did not differ between habitats however. Variation in space availability, air temperature, prey abundance and web damage explained the variations in web architecture. Potential prey size and diversity differed between habitats but prey abundance did not. As ...

Blumenstein, M, Liu, XY & Verma, B 2007, 'An investigation of the modified direction feature for cursive character recognition', Pattern Recognition, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 376-388.
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This paper describes and analyses the performance of a novel feature extraction technique for the recognition of segmented/cursive characters that may be used in the context of a segmentation-based handwritten word recognition system. The modified direction feature (MDF) extraction technique builds upon the direction feature (DF) technique proposed previously that extracts direction information from the structure of character contours. This principal was extended so that the direction information is integrated with a technique for detecting transitions between background and foreground pixels in the character image. In order to improve on the DF extraction technique, a number of modifications were undertaken. With a view to describe the character contour more effectively, a re-design of the direction number determination technique was performed. Also, an additional global feature was introduced to improve the recognition accuracy for those characters that were most frequently confused with patterns of similar appearance. MDF was tested using a neural network-based classifier and compared to the DF and transition feature (TF) extraction techniques. MDF outperformed both DF and TF techniques using a benchmark dataset and compared favourably with the top results in the literature. A recognition accuracy of above 89% is reported on characters from the CEDAR dataset. © 2006 Pattern Recognition Society.

Brown Gaddis, EJ, Vladich, H & Voinov, A 2007, 'Participatory modeling and the dilemma of diffuse nitrogen management in a residential watershed', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 619-629.
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Brown, C, Williams, S, Tipper, JL, Fisher, J & Ingham, E 2007, 'Characterisation of wear particles produced by metal on metal and ceramic on metal hip prostheses under standard and microseparation simulation', Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 819-827.
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Browne, M, Castelle, B, Strauss, D, Tomlinson, R, Blumenstein, M & Lane, C 2007, 'Near-shore swell estimation from a global wind-wave model: Spectral process, linear, and artificial neural network models', Coastal Engineering, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 445-460.
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Estimation of swell conditions in coastal regions is important for a variety of public, government, and research applications. Driving a model of the near-shore wave transformation from an offshore global swell model such as NOAA WaveWatch3 is an economical means to arrive at swell size estimates at particular locations of interest. Recently, some work (e.g. Browne et al. [Browne, M., Strauss, D., Castelle, B., Blumenstein, M., Tomlinson, R., 2006. Local swell estimation and prediction from a global wind-wave model. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 3 (4), 462-466.]) has examined an artificial neural network (ANN) based, empirical approach to wave estimation. Here, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of two data driven approaches to estimating waves near-shore (linear and ANN), and also contrast these with a more traditional spectral wave simulation model (SWAN). Performance was assessed on data gathered from a total of 17 near-shore locations, with heterogenous geography and bathymetry, around the continent of Australia over a 7 month period. It was found that the ANNs out-performed SWAN and the non-linear architecture consistently out-performed the linear method. Variability in performance and differential performance with regard to geographical location could largely be explained in terms of the underlying complexity of the local wave transformation. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Burnham, DR, Wright, GD, Read, ND & McGloin, D 2007, 'Holographic and single beam optical manipulation of hyphal growth in filamentous fungi', Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. S172-S179.
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Calabrese, F, Kloeckl, K, Ratti, C, Bilandzic, M, Foth, M, Button, A, Klaebe, H, Forlano, L, White, S, Morozov, P, Feiner, S, Girardin, F, Blat, J, Nova, N, Pieniazek, MP, Tieben, R, van Boerdonk, K, Klooster, S, van den Hoven, E, Serrano, JM, Serrat, J, Michelis, D & Kabisch, E 2007, 'Urban Computing and Mobile Devices', IEEE Pervasive Computing, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 52-57.
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CAO, L & ZHANG, C 2007, 'THE EVOLUTION OF KDD: TOWARDS DOMAIN-DRIVEN DATA MINING', International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 21, no. 04, pp. 677-692.
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Traditionally, data mining is an autonomous data-driven trial-and-error process. Its typical task is to let data tell a story disclosing hidden information, in which domain intelligence may not be necessary in targeting the demonstration of an algorithm. Often knowledge discovered is not generally interesting to business needs. Comparably, real-world applications rely on knowledge for taking effective actions. In retrospect of the evolution of KDD, this paper briefly introduces domain-driven data mining to complement traditional KDD. Domain intelligence is highlighted towards actionable knowledge discovery, which involves aspects such as domain knowledge, people, environment and evaluation. We illustrate it through mining activity patterns in social security data.

Cao, L, Luo, D & Zhang, C 2007, 'Knowledge actionability: satisfying technical and business interestingness', International Journal of Business Intelligence and Data Mining, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 496-496.
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Traditionally, knowledge actionability has been investigated mainly by developing and improving technical interestingness. Recently, initial work on technical subjective interestingness and business-oriented profit mining presents general potential, while it is a long-term mission to bridge the gap between technical significance and business expectation. In this paper, we propose a two-way significance framework for measuring knowledge actionability, which highlights both technical interestingness and domain-specific expectations. We further develop a fuzzy interestingness aggregation mechanism to generate a ranked final pattern set balancing technical and business interests. Real-life data mining applications show the proposed knowledge actionability framework can complement technical interestingness while satisfy real user needs. © 2007, Inderscience Publishers.

Cao, L, Zhang, C, Yang, Q, Bell, D, Vlachos, M, Taneri, B, Keogh, E, Yu, PS, Zhong, N, Ashrafi, MZ, Taniar, D, Dubossarsky, E & Graco, W 2007, 'Domain-Driven, Actionable Knowledge Discovery', IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 78-88, c3.
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Cao, Y, Ying, M & Chen, G 2007, 'Retraction and generalized extension of computing with words', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 1238-1250.
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Fuzzy automata, whose input alphabet is a set of numbers or symbols, are a formal model of computing with values. Motivated by Zadeh's paradigm of computing with words rather than numbers, Ying proposed a kind of fuzzy automata, whose input alphabet cons

Carbone, A, de Raadt, M, Kay, J, Lister, R, Litchfield, A, Raban, R, Roe, P, Santamaria, D, Sheard, J, Shepherd, J, Solomon, A & Thomas, R 2007, 'The carrick vision and computing education: Four case studies in multi-institutional collaboration', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, vol. 66, pp. 3-8.
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The Carrick Institute is an initiative of the Australia federal government. It is aimed at generating strategic change in Australian University education, via grants and other awards to approximately $20 million annually. By previous Australian standards, the potential funding for projects is large. However, the Carrick Institute has a well focused vision, and grant applications need to be aligned with that vision. This paper first describes some key aspects of the Carrick vision, before describing four multi-institutional computing education projects that successfully attracted funding from the Carrick Institute in 2006. Three of the projects are funded under Carrick's Priority Program, and are concerned with different aspects of automated assessment: (1) assessing Unix scripting skills, (2) self and peer assessment in groupwork, and (3) the assessment of novice programmers. The fourth project is funded under Carrick's Disciplinary-Based Initiatives Scheme. Commonalities in the structure of these three projects are observed.

Castel, A, Vidal, T & FranÇOis, R 2007, 'Effective Tension Active Cross-Section of Reinforced Concrete Beams After Cracking', Materials and Structures, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 115-126.
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Castel, A, Vidal, T & François, R 2007, 'Serviceability model of corroded reinforced concrete based on the CEB-FIP model code', Structural Concrete, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 139-146.
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In this paper, based on the main assumptions of the CEB-FIP model code, a model of corroded reinforced concrete behaviour is proposed. The model allows the quantification of the coupled effect of the steel cross-section reduction and the loss of the steel-concrete bond on deflection of reinforced concrete beams under service loads. To model the bond degradation, an environmental-damage variable is explicitly introduced into the steel-concrete bond relationship in order to take into account the slip between the steel and the concrete and then the reduction of the concrete tension stiffening. A validation is proposed on two 20-year-old corroded beams tested in flexure.

Catchpoole, D, DeFazio, A, Devereux, L, Fleming, M, Hof, M, Schmidt, C, Thorne, H & Zeps, N 2007, 'The importance of biorepository networks: The Australasian Biospecimen Network - Oncology', Australian Journal of Medical Science, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 16-20.
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The value of banking human tissue samples for research is recognised as necessary for progress into understanding human disease and has led to the establishment of biorepositories throughout the research community. While single institution tissue banks have been highly beneficial, it has become clear that information and resource sharing between banks has great potential to increase the number and overall value of tissue specimens available to medical researchers. Recognising this potential for enhancing already valuable tissue resources led to the establishment of the Australasian Biospecimen Network (ABN) in late 2001 and the ABN-Oncology consortium in 2004. The ABN seeks to build on existing cooperation and collaboration by establishing an Australia-wide network of tissue biorepositories that collect cancer related tissue using established and accepted guidelines and protocols. The coordinated networking of tissue banks has led to a significant enhancement of biospecimens for research that will eventually increase our understanding of human diseases including cancer.

Catchpoole, D, Lail, A, Guo, D, Chen, Q-R & Khan, J 2007, 'Gene expression profiles that segregate patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: An independent validation study identifies that endoglin associates with patient outcome', Leukemia Research, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 1741-1747.
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In this report, we determine whether genes identified in a previously reported cDNA microarray investigation of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) diagnostic bone marrow have the same distinguishing power in an independently derived cDNA microarray dataset from an equivalent but distinct patient cohort. Genes previously reported as discriminatory, generally were unable to distinguish ALL lymphocyte lineages, the presence of the Tel-AML1 translocation and patient risk stratification. An artificial neural network identified endoglin, which was reported in the initial study as a potential lineage marker, was actually better at identifying ALL patients with poor outcome. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Center, JR, Bliuc, D, Nguyen, TV & Eisman, JA 2007, 'Risk of Subsequent Fracture After Low-Trauma Fracture in Men and Women', JAMA, vol. 297, no. 4, pp. 387-387.
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Context There are few published long-term data on absolute risk of subsequent fracture ( refracture) following initial low-trauma fracture in women and fewer in men. Objective To examine long-term risk of subsequent fracture following initial osteoporoti

Cetindamar, D 2007, 'Corporate Social Responsibility Practices and Environmentally Responsible Behavior: The Case of The United Nations Global Compact', Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 163-176.
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Cetindamar, D 2007, 'Making use of biotechnology applications in Turkish agriculture: Why is it not yet happening?', International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology, vol. 6, no. 4/5, pp. 576-576.
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One of the primary challenges for developing countries is to create new opportunities for sustainable economic development through the use of new technologies such as biotechnology. In this context, the use of agricultural biotechnology to produce cheap biofuel made from agricultural crops as well as agricultural waste (cellulose) might have a great potential to promote rural development in Turkey. Yet, in order to make it happen it needs a clear commitment of the Turkish government. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of Turkish Science and Technology Policy in making better use of biotechnology to address the country's economic, environmental and social challenges. The insufficient use knowledge to promote endogenous economic development is related to inadequate regulation of science and technology in Turkey and the lack of political leadership in the effective implemenation of national initiatives to promote technological innovation. Copyright © 2007 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Chakarov, VE, Atanassov, KT & Shannon, AG 2007, 'Generalized Net Model of Auditory Information Processing', Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 452-456.
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In a series of papers we have described the human body, its separate systems, and their behavior using Generalized Nets (GNs). Here we construct a GN-model that represents auditory information processing - the first on our research on the structure and behavior of the human nervous system.

Chakraborty, S & Yeh, C-H 2007, 'Consistency comparison of normalization procedures in multiattribute decision making', WSEAS Transactions on Systems and Control, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 193-200.

Cheah, CH & Ball, JE 2007, 'An alternative approach to modelling stormwater runoff from small urban catchments', International Journal of Water, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 322-322.
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Chen, J, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2007, 'A Phase Variable Model of Flyback Switching Converters Based on Numerical Magnetic Field Analysis Coupled With External Circuits', Journal of JSAEM, Japanese Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 15, pp. 116-119.

Chen, J, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2007, 'Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of a High Speed Brushless DC Motor Using an Improved Phase Variable Model', Journal of JSAEM, Japanese Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 15, pp. 128-131.

Chen, J, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2007, 'Development of a High-Speed Permanent-Magnet Brushless DC Motor for Driving Embroidery Machines', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 43, no. 11, pp. 4004-4009.
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We describe the development of a permanent-magnet (PM) brushless DC motor for driving high-speed embroidery machines by employing advanced design and analysis techniques. In the design of the motor, magnetic field finite-element analyses accurately calcu

Chen, J, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2007, 'Improved Phase Variable Model and Field-Circuit Coupling Method for Performance Analysis of High Speed Brushless DC Motor', Journal of JSAEM, Japanese Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 15, pp. 208-211.

Chiang, F, Braun, R & Agbinya, JI 2007, 'Self-Configuration of Network Services with Biologically Inspired Learning and Adaptation', Journal of Network and Systems Management, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 87-116.
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This paper proposes a self-organizing scheme based on ant metaheuristics to optimize the operation of multiple classes of managed elements on an Operations Support Systems (OSSs) for mobile pervasive communications. Ant metaheuristics are characterized by learning and adaptation capabilities against dynamic environment changes and uncertainties. As an important division of swarm agent intelligence, it distinguishes itself from centralized management schemes due to its features of robustness and scalability. We have successfully applied ant metaheuristics to the network service configuration process, which is simply redefined as: the managed elements represented as graphic nodes, and ants traverse by selecting nodes with the minimum cost constraints until the eligible network elements are located along near-optimal paths-the located elements are those needed for the configuration or activation of a particular product and service. Although the configuration process is non-transparent to end users, the negotiated SLAs between users and providers affect the overall process. This proposed self-organized learning and adaptation scheme using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is evaluated by simulation in Java. A performance comparison is also made with a class of Genetic Algorithm known as PBIL. Finally, the simulation results show the scalability and robustness capability of autonomous ant-like agents able to adapt to dynamic networks. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.

Chiang, F, Braun, R & Hughes, J 2007, 'A biologically‐inspired multi‐agent framework for autonomic service management', International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 261-276.
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This paper describes the design of a scalable bio‐mimetic framework that addresses several key issues of autonomous agents in the functional management domain of complex Ubiquitous Service‐Oriented Networks.We propose an autonomous network service management platform ‐ SwarmingNet, which is motivated by observations of the swarm intelligence in biological systems (e.g., Termite, Ant/Bees colonies, or Locusts ).In this SwarmingNet architecture, the required network service processes are implemented by a group of highly diverse and autonomic objects. These objects are called TeleService Solons (TSSs) as elements of TeleService Holons (TSHs), analoguous to individual insects as members of the whole colony. A single TSS is only able to pursue simple behaviors and interactions with local neighbors, on the contrary, a group of TSSs have the capabilitiesof fulfilling the complex tasks relating to service discovery and service activation.We simulate a service configuration process for a Multimedia Messaging Service, and a performance comparison between the bio‐agents and normal agents is analyzed. Finally, we conclude that through bio‐swarming intelligence behaviors, this infrastructure develops the enhanced self‐X capabilities which give IP networks advantages of instinctive compatibility, efficiency and scalability.

Choi, FC, Li, J, Samali, B & Crews, K 2007, 'An experimental study on damage detection of structures using a timber beam', Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 903-907.
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Using vibration methods for the damage detection and structural health monitoring in bridge structures is rapidly developing. However, very little work has so far been reported on timber bridges. This paper intends to address such shortcomings by experim

Choi, FC, Li, J, Samali, B & Crews, K 2007, 'Application of modal-based damage-detection method to locate and evaluate damage in timber beams', Journal of Wood Science, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 394-400.
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Modal-based damage-detection algorithms were used to identify the location of defects commonly found in timber and to estimate their severities. In this study, the authors propose modifications to an existing damage-detection algorithm for locating and e

Choudhury, D & Nimbalkar, S 2007, 'Seismic rotational displacement of gravity walls by pseudo-dynamic method: Passive case', SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 242-249.
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Choudhury, D & Nimbalkar, S 2007, 'Seismic rotational displacement of gravity walls by pseudo-dynamic method: Passive case', Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 242-249.
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Prediction of the seismic rotational displacements of retaining wall under passive condition is an important aspect of design in earthquake prone region. In this paper, the pseudo-dynamic method is used to compute the rotational displacements of rigid retaining wall supporting cohesionless backfill under seismic loading for the passive earth pressure condition. The proposed method considers time, phase difference and effect of amplification in shear and primary waves propagating through both the backfill and the retaining wall. The influence of ground motion characteristics on rotational displacement of the wall is evaluated. Also the effects of variation of parameters like wall friction angle, soil friction angle, amplification factor, shear wave velocity, primary wave velocity, period of lateral shaking, horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations on the rotational displacements are studied. The rotational displacement of the wall increases substantially with increase in amplification of both shear and primary waves, time of input motion, period of lateral shaking and decreases with increase in soil friction angle, wall friction angle. The rotational displacements of the wall also increase when the effect of wall inertia is taken into account. Results are provided in graphical form. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Choudhury, D, Nimbalkar, SS & Mandal, JN 2007, 'External stability of reinforced soil walls under seismic conditions', Geosynthetics International, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 211-218.
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Determination of the external stability of reinforced soil walls under earthquake condition is an important topic of research for geotechnical engineers. In the present paper, a pseudo-dynamic method, which considers the effect of phase difference in both the shear and primary waves travelling through the backfill due to seismic excitation, is considered to obtain the minimum length of the geosynthetic reinforcement to resist direct sliding and overturning failure of the reinforced soil wall. A two-part wedge mechanism is used for determining the external stability of the reinforced soil wall against direct sliding. Reinforced soil walls with cohesionless backfill soil are considered in the present analysis. Results are presented in both graphical and tabular form to show the required length of the geosynthetic reinforcement to maintain the external stability of the reinforced soil wall under seismic conditions. The effects of variation of parameters such as soil friction angle, horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations on the external stability of the reinforced soil wall have been studied. With increase of seismic accelerations in both the horizontal and vertical directions, the external stability of the reinforced soil wall decreases significantly and a greater length of geosynthetic reinforcement is needed to maintain the external stability of the wall. For most practical cases, the minimum length required to resist direct sliding failure is found to govern the design rather than overturning failure under seismic conditions. Comparisons of the present results with available pseudo-static results found in the literature are shown, and the improvements using the proposed pseudo-dynamic approach are highlighted.

Collocott, SJ, Dunlop, JB & Watterson, PA 2007, 'Thermal and spontaneous remagnetization in ferromagnetic Nd-3(Fe,Ti)(29) and Nd-3(Fe,Re)(29)', PHYSICAL REVIEW B, vol. 76, no. 5, pp. 1-8.
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Magnetization measurements at 10 K on the dc demagnetized ferromagnetic intermetallic compounds Nd-3(Fe,Ti)(29) and Nd-3(Fe,Re)(29) are reported and reveal the phenomena of thermal and spontaneous remagnetization. For both materials, thermal remagnetizat

Connan, H, Ray, A, Thomas, P & Guerbois, J-P 2007, 'Effect of autoclaving temperature on calcium silicate-based building products containing clay-brick waste', Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 115-119.
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The utilisation of fired clay-brick waste is of interest in the manufacture of building products due to both socio-economic and technological reasons. Autoclaving is an established process for manufacturing calcium silicate-based building products that affords rapid strength development. Clay-brick waste represents a source of alternative silica, whcih is more reactive than conventionally used silica and also cntains alumina. This paper presents data on the effect of lowering the autoclaving temperature from commonly practised 180 to 170 degrees C on OPC-quartz blends conatining clay-brick fines as direct replacement of quartz at 4.3, 8.6 and 12.9 mass percentages. The hydration products of autoclaved OPC-quartz blends with clay-brick fines were characterised using simultaneous DTA-TG inc ombination with other methods.

Connan, H, Ray, AS & Thomas, PS 2007, 'Autoclaved lime-colloidal silica slurries and formation of Al-tobermorite', Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 150-153.
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Fired clay-brick waste has been the focus of research for utilisation in the hydrothermally treated CaO-Al2O3- SiO2-H2O system. Autoclaved lime-colloidal silica slurries with increasing additions of mullite, the main aluminous source in fired clay-brick were investigated. The effects of the reactivity of this alumina source on the formation and nature of Al-tobermorite were studied from a combination of solid-state 27Al MAS NMR, XRD, DTA-TGA and SEM.

Cornelis, C, Lu, J, Guo, X & Zhang, G 2007, 'One-and-only item recommendation with fuzzy logic techniques', Information Sciences, vol. 177, no. 22, pp. 4906-4921.
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Recommender systems anticipate users' needs by suggesting items that are likely to interest them. Most existing systems employ collaborative filtering (CF) techniques, searching for regularities in the way users have rated items. While in general a successful approach, CF cannot cope well with so-called one-and-only items, that is: items of which there is only one single instance (like an event), and which as such cannot be repetitively 'sold'. Typically such items are evaluated only after they have ceased being available, thereby thwarting the classical CF strategy. In this paper, we develop a conceptual framework for recommending one-and-only items. It uses fuzzy logic, which allows to reflect the graded/uncertain information in the domain, and to extend the CF paradigm, overcoming limitations of existing techniques. A possible application in the context of trade exhibition recommendation for e-government is discussed to illustrate the proposed conceptual framework. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cornelis, C, Lu, J, Guo, X & Zhang, G 2007, 'One-and-only item recommendation with fuzzy logic techniques', INFORMATION SCIENCES, vol. 177, no. 22, pp. 4906-4921.
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Culjak, G, Nicholls, P, Leveaux, R & Kowalenko, N 2007, 'More Evidence-Based Internet Self-Help Depression Websites Now Available.', J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 86-92.
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The aim of this research study is to evaluate the availability and classification of the types of currently available Internet self-help websites for depression. Its aim is to develop an understanding of what is available for people at risk of depression who would otherwise perhaps not seek help and to investigate whether such useful resources are on the increase. In Australia, depression is the top-ranked cause of nonfatal disability. Over 27% of young adults have a current mental disorder, with depression being the most prevalent (10.8%). This paper investigates the availability and type of self-help websites that are available for people suffering from mild to moderate depression, as a step towards providing avenues for care for this population of sufferers. The most important finding of this study was that not only were there an increased number of websites available as self-help resources, but that over the three year period, there has been a statistically significant increase in the proportion of websites that are evidence-based. This is an important factor for sufferers of mild to moderate depression who are looking for access to online self-help resources.

Curry, JM, McGregor, C & Tracy, S 2007, 'A systems development life cycle approach to patient journey modeling projects.', Stud Health Technol Inform, vol. 129, no. Pt 2, pp. 905-909.
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Patient Journey Modeling, a relatively recent innovation in healthcare quality improvement, models the patient's movement through a Health Care Organisation (HCO) by viewing it from a patient centric perspective. A Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) provides a standard project management framework that can improve the quality of information systems. The concept of following a consistent project management framework to boost quality outcomes can be applied equally to healthcare improvement. This paper describes a SDLC designed specifically for the health care domain and in particular patient journey modeling projects. It goes on to suggest that such a framework can be used to compliment the dominant healthcare improvement method, the Model for Improvement. The key contribution of this paper is the introduction of a project management framework in the form of an SDLC that can be used by non-professional computer developers (ie: health care staff), to improve the consistency and quality of outcomes for patient journey redesign projects. Experiences of applying the SDLC in a midwife-led primary-care maternity services environment are discussed. The project team found the steps logical and easy to follow and produced demonstrable improvement results along with ongoing goal-focused action plans.

Darestani, MY, Thambiratnam, DP, Nataatmadja, A & Baweja, D 2007, 'Structural response of concrete pavements under moving truck loads', JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING-ASCE, vol. 133, no. 12, pp. 670-676.
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Darmawan, MS & Stewart, MG 2007, 'Effect of pitting corrosion on capacity of prestressing wires', Magazine of Concrete Research, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 131-139.
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The present paper describes accelerated corrosion test results and the development of a probabilistic model to predict the depth and variability of pitting for pretensioned prestressing wires and strands subject to pitting corrosion. From the accelerated corrosion tests in a chloride-concrete environment the mode of wire failure is studied, and the spatial distribution of maximum pit depth along wires for various lengths is obtained. The analysis shows that the maximum pit-depth distribution of prestressing wires can be represented by the Gumbel extreme value distribution. This model can be extended to predict the distribution of maximum pit depth for any length of wire, corrosion rate and time of exposure in real concrete structures. This information can be used to predict minimum cross-sectional area of a corroded wire, wire capacity and the effect of pitting corrosion on the safety of pretensioned prestressed concrete structures.

Darmawan, MS & Stewart, MG 2007, 'Spatial time-dependent reliability analysis of corroding pretensioned prestressed concrete bridge girders', Structural Safety, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 16-31.
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Accelerated pitting corrosion tests have been performed to obtain spatial and temporal maximum pit-depth data for prestressing wires. This data is then used to develop probabilistic models of pitting corrosion and strength capacity of 7-wire strands. The probabilistic model of pitting corrosion for strands is then combined with a non-linear Finite Element Analysis and probabilistic models of corrosion initiation and propagation to study the spatial and temporal effects of pitting corrosion on a typical pretensioned prestressed concrete bridge girder. The limit states considered are flexural strength and serviceability. The spatial time-dependent reliability analysis takes into account the uncertainties and variabilities related to material properties, dimensions, loads and corrosion parameters as well as the spatial variability of pitting corrosion of prestressing strands. Including the spatial variability of pitting corrosion in the reliability analysis increased both the probability of strength and serviceability failure when compared with a mid-span sectional analysis. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

de Molina, AR, Sarmentero-Estrada, J, Belda-Iniesta, C, Tarón, M, de Molina, VR, Cejas, P, Skrzypski, M, Gallego-Ortega, D, de Castro, J, Casado, E, García-Cabezas, MA, Sánchez, JJ, Nistal, M, Rosell, R, González-Barón, M & Lacal, JC 2007, 'Expression of choline kinase alpha to predict outcome in patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective study', The Lancet Oncology, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 889-897.
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Deuse, J, Stausberg, JR & Wischniewski, S 2007, 'Leitsätze zur Gestaltung einer verschwendungsarmen Produktion', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 102, no. 5, pp. 291-294.
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Kurzfassung Ganzheitliche Produktionssysteme mit dem Toyota Produktionssystem als Ursprung [1] sind in den letzten Jahren zunehmend als konzeptioneller Ordnungsrahmen und Methodenbaukasten für einen schlanken Fabrikbetrieb populär geworden [2–4]. Insbesondere in den kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmen (KMU) ist es jedoch nicht immer sinnvoll, alle verfügbaren Methoden einzusetzen und deren Anwendung detailliert zu dokumentieren. Dieser Beitrag stellt daher 15 Leitsätze zur Gestaltung einer verschwendungsarmen Produktion vor. Diese können auch von typischen KMU branchenübergreifend angewendet werden und bilden somit die Grundlage ihrer Produktionssysteme.

Devitt, SJ, Greentree, AD, Ionicioiu, R, O'Brien, JL, Munro, WJ & Hollenberg, LCL 2007, 'The Photonic Module: an on-demand resource for photonic entanglement', Phys. Rev. A., vol. 76, no. 5, p. 052312.
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Photonic entanglement has a wide range of applications in quantum computationand communication. Here we introduce a new device: the 'photonic module', whichallows for the rapid, deterministic preparation of a large class of entangledphoton states. The module is an application independent, 'plug and play'device, with sufficient flexibility to prepare entanglement for all majorquantum computation and communication applications in a completelydeterministic fashion without number-discriminated photon detection. We presenttwo alternative constructions for the module, one using free-space componentsand one in a photonic bandgap structures. The natural operation of the moduleis to generate states within the stabilizer formalism and we present ananalysis on the cavity-QED requirements to experimentally realize this device.

Devitt, SJ, Schirmer, SG, Oi, DKL, Cole, JH & Hollenberg, LCL 2007, 'Subspace Confinement: How good is your qubit?', New J. Phys., vol. 9, p. 384.
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The basic operating element of standard quantum computation is the qubit, anisolated two-level system that can be accurately controlled, initialized andmeasured. However, the majority of proposed physical architectures for quantumcomputation are built from systems that contain much more complicated Hilbertspace structures. Hence, defining a qubit requires the identification of anappropriate controllable two-dimensional sub-system. This prompts the obviousquestion of how well a qubit, thus defined, is confined to this subspace, andwhether we can experimentally quantify the potential leakage into to statesoutside the qubit subspace. In this paper we demonstrate that subspace leakagecan be quantitatively characterized using minimal theoretical assumptions byexamining the Fourier spectrum of the Rabi oscillation experiment.

Di Leonardo, R, Ruocco, G, Leach, J, Padgett, MJ, Wright, AJ, Girkin, JM, Burnham, DR & McGloin, D 2007, 'Parametric Resonance of Optically Trapped Aerosols', Physical Review Letters, vol. 99, no. 1.
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Di Leonardo, R, Ruocco, G, Leach, J, Padgett, MJ, Wright, AJ, Girkin, JM, Burnham, DR & McGloin, D 2007, 'Publisher’s Note: Parametric Resonance of Optically Trapped Aerosols [Phys. Rev. Lett.99, 010601 (2007)]', Physical Review Letters, vol. 99, no. 2.
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Ding, GKC 2007, 'Life cycle energy assessment of Australian secondary schools', Building Research & Information, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 487-500.
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The Australian Department of Commerce builds many secondary schools in New South Wales every year, and the impact of energy consumption for such a type of construction has rarely been done before in Australia. Although there is a particular responsibility to ensure that public-owned projects contribute to the future well-being of the natural environment, environmental performance and energy efficiency of public projects are not well studied. In order that more informed design and planning decisions can be made about the future construction of school projects, this research paper uses life cycle energy analysis to study the total energy consumption of 20 public secondary school projects in New South Wales. The results will serve as a model for a more comprehensive analysis of energy consumption in establishing environmental performance criteria for the design and construction of future school projects in New South Wales.

Dou, Y, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2007, 'Soft magnetic composite materials and their applications in electrical machines', Diangong Jishu Xuebao/Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 46-51.
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Soft magnetic composite materials (SMCs) have undergone a significant development and have been in a range of new applications in the past decade. Based on the experiences of the SMCs research group at University of Technology, Sydney, and with the analysis of many references, a comprehensive survey on the development and application of SMCs in electrical machines is presented in the paper. Both successful experiences and existing difficulties are reviewed and analyzed. It is believed that the application of SMCs is preponderant in the small motors with complex topologies. Possible further work required for the commercial success of SMCs machines is also proposed.

Dou, Y, Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Chen, H & Yan, Y 2007, 'Calculation of a Hybrid Excitation Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Using Magnetic Field Finite Element Analysis', Small & Special Machines, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 1-3.

Dou, Y, Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Haizhen, C & Yangguang, Y 2007, 'Analysis of a Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Generator Using Three-Dimensional Magnetic Field Finite Element Analysis', Journal of JSAEM, Japanese Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 15, pp. 69-72.

Dou, Y, Guo, Y, Zhu, JG & Lu, H 2007, 'Effect of Armature Reaction of a Permanent-Magnet Claw Pole SMC Motor', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 2561-2563.
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The finite-element method enables an accurate analysis for the study on effects of armature reaction in electromagnetic devices, particularly those with complex structures and three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic flux paths. This paper investigates the effec

Dovey, K & Fenech, B 2007, 'The Role of Enterprise Logic in the Failure of Organizations to Learn and Transform', Management Learning, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 573-590.
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Profound change in the global business environment is foregrounding the need for new competitive strategies in organizations. The realization that success in the era of knowledge capitalism depends upon the creative productivity of knowledge workers is focusing attention on the forms of intangible capital that underpin creativity, learning and innovation as sources of competitive advantage. In this article we argue that many organizations are failing to execute mission-critical change because their leaders fail to comprehend how such change is inhibited by the `enterprise logic' of the organization. Through the case of an Australian financial services company, we show that embedded within the functional hierarchical structure of most large organizations is the strategic intention of managerial control, and we argue for the envisioning and development of a form of enterprise logic that is predicated on new structural forms that encompass the principles of co-ownership and lateral power relations.

Dovey, K, Strydom, A, Penderis, B & Kemp, P 2007, 'Leading change in the South African district health service', International Journal of Public Sector Management, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 192-205.
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PurposeThe paper sets out to explore the leadership processes and dynamics of change management in a fragmented, and resource‐poor, health service in an impoverished rural region in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachThe paper outlines an action research process aimed at assisting the stakeholders of two rural clinics to integrate psychiatric care into the Primary Health Care service that they offer their respective communities. This involved the transformation of existing practices through a form of praxis that involved learning from action and acting on learning.FindingsThe findings of the paper relate to the role of leadership in the facilitation of transformational learning in team‐based social action. Four areas of leadership responsibility are highlighted: the transformation of inappropriate mental models; the development of strategic resilience; the shifting of the locus of control of stakeholders to a more internal position; and the creation of a social environment in which intangible capital resources are generated and leveraged in the collective interest.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is subject to the limitations of potential bias and distortion in action research. Although the “objective” evidence of the integration of psychiatric services at Pelsrus and Kwanomzamo clinics exists, the portrayal of the learning processes through which this was achieved could have been influenced unwittingly by the authors' own knowledge and other interests.

Du, C 2007, 'Integrating affinity propagation clustering method with linear discriminant analysis for face recognition', Optical Engineering, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 110501-110501.
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The Fisherface method suffers from the problem of using all training face images to recognize a test face image. To tackle this problem, we propose combining a novel clustering method, affinity propagation (AP), recently reported in the journal Science, with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to form a new method, AP-LDA, for face recognition. By using AP, a representative face image for each subject can be obtained. Our AP-LDA method uses only these representative face images rather than all training images for recognition. Thus, it is more computationally efficient than Fisherface. Experimental results on several benchmark face databases also show that AP-LDA outperforms Fisherface in terms of recognition rate. © 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Duan, R & Shi, Y 2007, 'Entanglement between Two Uses of a Noisy Multipartite Quantum Channel Enables Perfect Transmission of Classical Information', Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 101, p. 020501.
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Suppose that $m$ senders want to transmit classical information to $n$receivers with zero probability of error using a noisy multipartitecommunication channel. The senders are allowed to exchange classical, but notquantum, messages among themselves, and the same holds for the receivers. Ifthe channel is classical, a single use can transmit information if and only ifmultiple uses can. In sharp contrast, we exhibit, for each $m$ and $n$ with$m\ge 2$ or $n\ge 2$, a quantum channel of which a single use is not able totransmit information yet two uses can. This latter property requires and isenabled by quantum entanglement.

Duan, R, Feng, Y & Ying, M 2007, 'Entanglement is not necessary for perfect discrimination between unitary operations', PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol. 98, no. 10, pp. 1-4.
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We show that a unitary operation (quantum circuit) secretly chosen from a finite set of unitary operations can be determined with certainty by sequentially applying only a finite amount of runs of the unknown circuit. No entanglement or joint quantum operations are required in our scheme. We further show that our scheme is optimal in the sense that the number of the runs is minimal when discriminating only two unitary operations. © 2007 The American Physical Society.

Duan, R, Feng, Y & Ying, M 2007, 'Entanglement is not necessary for perfect discrimination between unitary operations (vol 98, pg 100503, 2007)', PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol. 98, no. 12.
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Duan, R, Feng, Y & Ying, M 2007, 'Entanglement is not necessary for perfect discrimination between unitary operations.', Phys Rev Lett, vol. 98, no. 10, p. 100503.
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We show that a unitary operation (quantum circuit) secretly chosen from a finite set of unitary operations can be determined with certainty by sequentially applying only a finite amount of runs of the unknown circuit. No entanglement or joint quantum operations are required in our scheme. We further show that our scheme is optimal in the sense that the number of the runs is minimal when discriminating only two unitary operations.

Duan, R, Feng, Y & Ying, M 2007, 'Local Distinguishability of Multipartite Unitary Operations', Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 100, no. 2, p. 020503.
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We show that any two different unitary operations acting on an arbitrarymultipartite quantum system can be perfectly distinguishable by localoperations and classical communication when a finite number of runs is allowed.We then directly extend this result into the case when the number of unitaryoperations to be discriminated is more than two. Intuitively, our result meansthat the lost identity of a nonlocal (entangled) unitary operation can berecovered locally, without any use of entanglement or joint quantum operations.

Duan, R, Feng, Y, Ji, Z & Ying, M 2007, 'Distinguishing arbitrary multipartite basis unambiguously using local operations and classical communication', PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol. 98, no. 23, pp. 1-4.
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We show that an arbitrary basis of a multipartite quantum state space consisting of K distant parties such that the kth party has local dimension dk always contains at least N=∑k=1K(dk-1)+1 members that are unambiguously distinguishable using local operations and classical communication (LOCC). We further show that this lower bound is optimal by analytically constructing a special product basis having only N members unambiguously distinguishable by LOCC. Interestingly, such a special product basis not only gives a stronger form of the weird phenomenon 'nonlocality without entanglement,' but also implies the existence of a locally distinguishable entangled basis. © 2007 The American Physical Society.

Duan, R, Feng, Y, Ji, Z & Ying, M 2007, 'Distinguishing arbitrary multipartite basis unambiguously using local operations and classical communication (vol 98, art no 230602, 2007)', PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol. 99, no. 1.
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Dunphy, A, Beecham, S, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH, McLaughlan, R & Collins, A 2007, 'Development of a confined Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) system using engineered soils', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 211-218.
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Innovative Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) systems are being investigated at three locations to the north and south of Sydney, Australia. These systems contain porous concrete pipes that are designed so that stormwater exfiltrates through the permeable walls of the pipes into the surrounding substrate media material. The porous pipes and media material treat the passing stormwater. The primary aim of the overall project is to develop a model to describe the treatment effectiveness of confined WSUD systems. This paper focuses on the system located at the Weathertex Industrial Site, Heatherbrae. Due to wood processing operations that occur at this site, it is recognised that the surface runoff will carry a heavy organics loading. Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) is recognised for its ability to reduce the concentration of dissolved organics present in both wastewater and stormwater. GAC was therefore chosen as a filtration medium to be investigated at this site. To maximise the effectiveness of the GAC, extensive laboratory batch studies were undertaken prior to the field system being constructed to determine the optimum GAC/sand ratio. The purpose of the experimental work was to assess the dissolved organic removal potential through sorption of various concentrations of GAC. The aim of this paper is to describe these laboratory experiments and discuss how they related to the field system. Through these experiments it was determined that a sand/GAC ratio of 25:1 was ideal for the media material at the Heatherbrae site.

Eastwood, M & Gabrys, B 2007, 'The Dynamics of Negative Correlation Learning', The Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems for Signal, Image, and Video Technology, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 251-263.
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Ellekilde, L-P, Huang, S, Miro, JV & Dissanayake, G 2007, 'Dense 3D map construction for indoor search and rescue', JOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS, vol. 24, no. 1-2, pp. 71-89.
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The main contribution of this paper is a new simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm for building dense three-dimensional maps using information acquired from a range imager and a conventional camera, for robotic search and rescue in unstructured indoor environments. A key challenge in this scenario is that the robot moves in 6D and no odometry information is available. An extended information filter (EIF) is used to estimate the state vector containing the sequence of camera poses and some selected 3D point features in the environment. Data association is performed using a combination of scale invariant feature transformation (SIFT) feature detection and matching, random sampling consensus (RANSAC), and least square 3D point sets fitting. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the techniques developed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Eslava, S, Baklanov, MR, Kirschhock, CEA, Iacopi, F, Aldea, S, Maex, K & Martens, JA 2007, 'Characterization of a molecular sieve coating using ellipsometric porosimetry', LANGMUIR, vol. 23, no. 26, pp. 12811-12816.
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Eslava, S, Iacopi, F, Baklanov, MR, Kirschhock, CEA, Maex, K & Martens, JA 2007, 'Ultra-violet-assisted cure of spin-on silicalite-1 films', FROM ZEOLITES TO POROUS MOF MATERIALS: THE 40TH ANNIVERSARY OF INTERNATIONAL ZEOLITE CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL ZEOLITE CONFERENCE, vol. 170, pp. 594-599.

Eslava, S, Iacopi, F, Baklanov, MR, Kirschhock, CEA, Maex, K & Martens, JA 2007, 'Ultraviolet-Assisted Curing of Polycrystalline Pure-Silica Zeolites:  Hydrophobization, Functionalization, and Cross-Linking of Grains', Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 129, no. 30, pp. 9288-9289.
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Fang, T & Ball, JE 2007, 'Evaluation of spatially variable control parameters in a complex catchment modelling system: a genetic algorithm application', JOURNAL OF HYDROINFORMATICS, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 163-173.
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Successful implementation of a catchment modelling system requires careful consideration of the system calibration which involves evaluation of many spatially and temporally variable control parameters. Evaluation of spatially variable control parameters has been an issue of increasing concern arising from an increased awareness of the inappropriateness of assuming catchment averaged values. Presented herein is the application of a real-value coding genetic algorithm (GA) for evaluation of spatially variable control parameters for implementation with the Storm water Management Model (SWMM). It was found that a real-value coding GA using multiple storms calibration was a robust search technique that was capable of identifying the most promising range of values for spatially variable control parameters. As the selection of appropriate GA operators is an important aspect of the GA efficiency, a comprehensive investigation of the GA operators in a high-dimensional search space was conducted. It was found that a uniform crossover operation was superior to both one-point and two-point crossover operations over the whole range of crossover probabilities, and the optimal uniform crossover and mutation probabilities for the complex system considered were in the range of 0.75-0.90 and 0.01-0.1, respectively. © IWA Publishing 2007.

Fatahi, B, Indraratna, B & Khabbaz, H 2007, 'Soft soil improvement induced by tree root suction', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 13-18.
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Bioengineering aspects of native vegetation are currently being evolved to improve soil stiffness, slope stabilisation, and erosion control. Tree roots provide three stabilising functions: (a) reinforcement of the soil, (b) dissipation of excess pore pressures and (c) establishing sufficient matric suction to increase the shear strength. The effects of vegetation on soil matric suction, shrinkage and ground settlement are discussed in this paper. A mathematical model for the rate of root water uptake that considers ground conditions, type of vegetation and climatic parameters has been developed. A conical shape is considered to represent the geometry of the tree root zone. Based on this proposed model, the distribution of the moisture and the matric suction profile adjacent to the tree are numerically analysed. Field measurements taken from literature published previously are compared with the authors' numerical model. The predicted results, calculated based on soil, plant, and atmospheric parameters contained in the numerical model, compared favourably with the measured results, justifying the assumptions upon which the model has been developed. The findings of this study indicate that due to significant changes in soil moisture content induced by tree roots, the shear strength of the soil will be enhanced. It is desirable to consider the influence zone of tree roots and the improved soil properties in modern geotechnical designs, benefiting from native vegetation.

Feng, Y, Duan, R, Ji, Z & Ying, M 2007, 'Probabilistic bisimulations for quantum processes', INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION, vol. 205, no. 11, pp. 1608-1639.
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Modeling and reasoning about concurrent quantum systems is very important for both distributed quantum computing and quantum protocol verification. As a consequence, a general framework formally describing communication and concurrency in complex quantum

Feng, Y, Duan, R, Ji, Z & Ying, M 2007, 'Proof rules for the correctness of quantum programs', THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 386, no. 1-2, pp. 151-166.
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We apply the notion of quantum predicate proposed by D'Hondt and Panangaden to analyze a simple language fragment which may describe the quantum part of a future quantum computer in Knill's architecture. The notion of weakest liberal precondition semanti

Ferrie, C & Emerson, J 2007, 'Frame representations of quantum mechanics and the necessity of negativity in quasi-probability representations', J. Phys. A: Math. Theor., vol. 41, no. 35, p. 352001.
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Several finite dimensional quasi-probability representations of quantumstates have been proposed to study various problems in quantum informationtheory and quantum foundations. These representations are often defined only onrestricted dimensions and their physical significance in contexts such asdrawing quantum-classical comparisons is limited by the non-uniqueness of theparticular representation. Here we show how the mathematical theory of framesprovides a unified formalism which accommodates all known quasi-probabilityrepresentations of finite dimensional quantum systems. Moreover, we show thatany quasi-probability representation satisfying two reasonable properties isequivalent to a frame representation and then prove that any suchrepresentation of quantum mechanics must exhibit either negativity or adeformed probability calculus.

Fischer, KA, Sheng, D & Abbo, AJ 2007, 'Modeling of pile installation using contact mechanics and quadratic elements', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 449-461.
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Fitzek, FHP 2007, 'Editorial: Special Issue on Cooperation in Wireless Networks', Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 1-2.
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François, R, Castel, A & Vidal, T 2007, 'A finite macro-element for corroded reinforced concrete', Materials and Structures, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 571-584.
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This paper proposes a model of the mechanical behaviour of corroded reinforced concrete members subjected to bending under service load. The model is based on the formulation of a macro-element to be used in FEM analysis, having a length equal to the distance between two consecutive ftexural cracks and a cross-section equal to the member cross-section. The mechanical formulation is directly written in generalized variables (bending moment and curvature) and is based on the concept of the transfer length necessary for the transmission of tensile load from re-bar to tensile concrete thanks to the bond. It is thus possible to take into account the effect of reinforcement corrosion on the bond between re-bar and concrete, by increasing the transfer length versus intensity of corrosion. The variation of the transfer length versus corrosion is expressed using a scalar damage parameter. A first experimental validation is performed on a 17-year-old beam kept in a chloride environment under its service load. © RILEM 2006.

Frost, SA, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2007, 'Discordance of longitudinal changes in bone density between densitometers', Bone, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 690-697.
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Galvin, AL, Tipper, JL, Jennings, LM, Stone, MH, Jin, ZM, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 2007, 'Wear and biological activity of highly crosslinked polyethylene in the hip under low serum protein concentrations', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, vol. 221, no. 1, pp. 1-10.
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Crosslinked ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been developed and introduced into clinical practice in order to reduce wear in the hip. Zero wear of highly crosslinked UHMWPE in vitro has been reported by some groups using lubricants with high concentrations of serum proteins in hip simulators. In contrast, some clinical studies have reported finite wear rates. The aim of this study was to compare the wear rates, wear surfaces, and wear debris produced by UHMWPE with different levels of crosslinking in a hip joint simulator, with lower, more physiologically relevant concentrations of protein in the lubricant. The UHMWPEs were tested in the Leeds ProSim hip joint simulator against cobalt-chromium (CoCr) femoral heads. The wear particles were isolated and imaged using a field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEGSEM) at high resolution. The highly crosslinked UHMWPEs had significantly lower wear volumes than the non-crosslinked UHMWPEs. No significant difference was found in the percentage number and percentage volume of the particles in different size ranges from any of the materials. They had similar values of specific biological activity. The functional biological activity (FBA), which takes into account the wear volume and specific biological activity, showed that the highly crosslinked UHMWPEs had lower FBAs due to their lower wear volume.

Gatidou, G, Thomaidis, NS & Zhou, JL 2007, 'Fate of Irgarol 1051, diuron and their main metabolites in two UK marine systems after restrictions in antifouling paints', Environment International, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 70-77.
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Two major antifouling biocides used worldwide, Irgarol 1051 and diuron, and their degradation products in Shoreham Harbour and Brighton Marina, UK were studied during 2003-2004. The highest concentrations of Irgarol 1051 were 136 and 102 ng L- 1 in water and 40 and 49 ng g- 1 dry weight in sediments for Shoreham Harbour and Brighton Marina, respectively. As the degradation product of Irgarol 1051, M1 was also widespread, with the highest concentration of 59 ng L- 1 in water and 23 ng g- 1 in sediments in Shoreham Harbour, and 37 ng L- 1 in water and 5.6 ng g- 1 in sediments in Brighton Marina. The target compounds showed enhanced concentrations during the boating season (May-July), when boats were being re-painted (January-February), and where the density of pleasure crafts was high. Overall, the concentration of Irgarol 1051 decreased significantly from late 2000 to early 2004, indicating the effectiveness of controlling its concentrations in the marine environment following restricted use. Diuron was only detected in 14% of water samples, and mostly absent from sediment samples. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gay, VC & Leijdekkers, P 2007, 'A Health Monitoring System Using Smart Phones and Wearable Sensors', International Journal of Assistive Robotics and Mechatronic, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 29-36.

Georgiades, G, Oyadiji, SO, Zhu, XQ, Wright, JR & Turner, JT 2007, 'Characterization of the Core Properties of a Shock Absorbing Composite', Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, vol. 129, no. 4, pp. 497-504.
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This paper is on the characterization of the mechanical properties of Newtonian-type shock absorbing elastomeric composites. This composite material is a blend of elastomeric capsules or beads in a matrix of a Newtonian liquid. The material can be considered as a liquid analogy to elastomeric foams. It exhibits bulk compression characteristics and acts like an elastic liquid during an impact, unlike elastic foams, which exhibit uniaxial compression characteristics. A test cell consisting of an instrumented metal cylinder and a piston was designed. A sample of the material was placed in the instrumented cylinder, which was located at the base of a drop test rig. A drop mass of 17.3kg was subsequently released from a desired height to impact the piston. From measurements of the acceleration histories of the drop mass and the piston, and from the displacement history of the piston, the force-displacement curves and the associated impact energies absorbed were derived. These are compared to the corresponding characteristics derived from measurements of pressure of the fluid medium inside the cylinder. The results are compared for blends of different bead types, and the different aspects contributing to their performance are discussed. It is shown that the performance curves derived from the accelerometer measurements matched those derived from the pressure measurements. Blends of this composite material of different types of beads showed distinctively different characteristics.

Gide, E & Wu, MX 2007, 'A study for establishing E-commerce Business Satisfaction model to measure e-commerce success in SMEs', International Journal of Electronic Customer Relationship Management, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 307-307.
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Gil Lafuente, AM, Ortigosa, M & Merigó, JM 2007, 'The uncertainty theory assignment in the customer lifetime valuation (CLV) for contractual settings with security intervals', Revista de Metodos Cuantitativos para la Economia y la Empresa, vol. 4, pp. 75-97.
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The Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) concept has been highly purposed in many reseaxches in the marketing area since long time ago. Almost all of them tend to be based on determinist or stochastic assumptions when measuring magnitudes or events which have to do with CLV estimates. Often, the Customer Lifetime Valuation (CLV) involves magnitudes that link to the future by the running environment, its mutability and uncertainty, and this turn out the results to be too accurate. Kaufman and Gil Aluja (1986), who are the two most well known European investigators, have carried out researches into several operative management techniques, stood by the following statement 'Most of our traditional tools for formal modelling, reasoning, and computing are crisp, deterministic and precise in character'. Then traditional modelling with precise data can not necessarily mean to be accurate. In this study the authors will deal with some useful directions for uncertainty data, fuzzy data to stand out more accurate according to the reality. Two different Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) models with a least structured uncertainty theory tool will be introduced as well as security intervals that are connected to uncertain magnitudes in the CLV estimation.

Goldscheid, C, Deuse, J, Schlüter, N & Crostack, H-A 2007, 'Optimierung der Kommissionierqualität durch Simulation von Prüfstrategien', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 102, no. 6, pp. 351-354.
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Kurzfassung Kommissionierfehler führen nicht nur zu kostspieligen Retouren, sondern auch zu sinkender Zufriedenheit der internen und/oder externen Kunden. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie durch die Simulation verschiedener Strategien für die Qualitätsprüfung eine Verbesserung der Kommissionierprozesse hinsichtlich der Kommissionierfehlerraten erzielt werden kann. Die Abbildung unterschiedlicher Szenarien und der entsprechenden Kenngrößen (Qualität, Kosten, Zeit) für das jeweilige Kommissioniersystem liefert hierbei die Entscheidungsgrundlage zur Auswahl der optimalen Prüfstrategie.

Grace, ND, Loganathan, P & Hedley, MJ 2007, 'The effect of a temporal change in ingestion rates of fluorine (F) in soil on the concentration of F in serum and bone of young sheep', NEW ZEALAND VETERINARY JOURNAL, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 77-80.
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Aim: To determine the changes in concentrations of fluorine (F) in serum and bone of young sheep given a high intake of F, as F in soil, followed by a low intake of F, to simulate the varying intakes experienced by grazing sheep. Methods: Sixty autumn-born, weaned, mixed-sex lambs were randomly divided into two groups (n=30). One group (Control) was fed a low-F (12 mg/kg dry matter; DM) lucerne/grain diet for 345 days, while the other group (High soil-F) was fed a high-F (224 mg/kg DM) lucerne/grain diet containing 10% soil for 94 days and then a low-F diet for a further 251 days. Blood samples were collected on Days 1, 32, 94, 108, 153, 214, 280 and 345, to determine concentrations of F in serum. Groups of five or six animals from each group were killed on Days 1, 94, 153, 214, 280 and 345, to collect radii and hu- meri for determination of F content. The sheep were weighed at about 6–8-weekly intervals. Results: Initial liveweight of the sheep was 22.1 (standard error (SE) 1.12) kg and the mean liveweight gains were 270 (SE 22.1) and 170 (SE 12.4) g/day from Days 1 to 94 and 95 to 330, respectively. The mean initial (Day 1) concentration of F in serum was 0.03 (SE 0.005) mg/L, and this changed very little for animals on the low-F diet. In sheep on the high soil-F diet, the concentration of F in serum reached 0.38 (SE 0.021) mg/L at Day 94 but after being placed on the low-F diet concentrations decreased to 0.04 (SE 0.006) mg/L after 14 days (Day 108) and then remained at about this low level for the remainder of the duration of the study. The mean concentrations of F in the humerus and radius of the lambs at Day 1 were 161 (SE 19.4) and 159 (SE 20.4) mg/kg DM, respectively, which increased to 2, 784 (SE 80.6) and 1, 805 (SE 51.5) mg/kg DM, respectively, at Day 94 in lambs fed the high soil-F diet, then decreased to 1, 075 (SE 58.1) and 1, 064 (SE 61.6) mg/kg DM at Day 153, and then progressively increased to 1, 669 (SE 57.7) and 1, 312 (SE 30.8) mg/kg DM at Day...

Griffiths, H, Xu, C, Barrass, T, Cooke, M, Iacopi, F, Vereecken, P & Esconjauregui, S 2007, 'Plasma assisted growth of nanotubes and nanowires', SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, vol. 201, no. 22-23, pp. 9215-9220.
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Gunes, H & Piccardi, M 2007, 'Bi-modal emotion recognition from expressive face and body gestures', JOURNAL OF NETWORK AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1334-1345.
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Psychological research findings suggest that humans rely on the combined visual channels of face and body more than any other channel when they make judgments about human communicative behavior. However, most of the existing systems...

Guo, WS, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH & Xing, W 2007, 'Experimental investigation on acclimatized wastewater for membrane bioreactors', DESALINATION, vol. 207, no. 1-3, pp. 383-391.
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The inoculation and acclimatization of activated sludge (AS) is one of the vital components to provide preferably suspended aerobic growth and desired treatment mechanism for a treated wastewater using MBR. The performance of a floating media biofilter-s

Guo, X & Lu, J 2007, 'Intelligent e-government services with personalized recommendation techniques', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 401-417.
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Information overload is becoming one of the problems that hinder the effectiveness of e-government services. Intelligent e-government services with personalized recommendation techniques can provide a solution for this problem. Existing recommendation ap

Guo, Y, Chen, J, Zhu, J, Lu, H & Jin, J 2007, 'Performance Analysis of an SMC Transverse Flux Motor with Brushless DC Control Scheme', Journal of JSAEM, Japanese Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 15, pp. 81-84.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H & Jin, J 2007, 'Computation of Incremental Inductances for Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of a PM Claw Pole SMC Motor', Journal of JSAEM, Japanese Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 15, pp. 254-257.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H & Jin, J 2007, 'Parameter Computation and Performance Prediction of a Claw Pole/Transverse Flux Motor with Soft Magnetic Composite Core', Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 13-16.

Guo, Y, Zhu, JG, Lin, ZW, Zhong, JJ, Lu, HY & Wang, S 2007, 'Determination of 3D magnetic reluctivity tensor of soft magnetic composite material', Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol. 312, no. 2, pp. 458-463.
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Soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials are especially suitable for construction of electrical machines with complex structures and three-dimensional (3D) magnetic fluxes. In the design and optimization of such 3D flux machines, the 3D vector magnetic properties of magnetic materials should be properly determined, modeled, and applied for accurate calculation of the magnetic field distribution, parameters, and performance. This paper presents the measurement of 3D vector magnetic properties and determination of 3D reluctivity tensor of SMC. The reluctivity tensor is a key factor for accurate numerical analysis of magnetic field in a 3D flux SMC motor. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Guo, YG, Zhu, JG & Lu, HY 2007, 'Effects of Armature Reaction on the Performance of a Claw Pole Motor With Soft Magnetic Composite Stator by Finite-Element Analysis', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 1072-1077.
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We investigated the effects of armature reaction on the performance of a three-phase three-stack claw pole motor with soft magnetic composite stator core by using three-dimensional finite-element analysis (FEA), which is an effective approach to accurate

Guo, Y-J, Zhu, A-Z, Pi, Y-L & Tin-Loi, F 2007, 'Experimental study on compressive strengths of thick-walled cold-formed sections', Journal of Constructional Steel Research, vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 718-723.
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This paper describes an experimental study on the compressive strengths of cold-formed thick-walled steel sections. A total of 18 stub columns with plate thickness ranging from 8 to 12 mm were tested to determine the section capacities of the cold-formed

Ha Hoang Kha, Hoang Duong Tuan, Ba-Ngu Vo & Nguyen, TQ 2007, 'Symmetric Orthogonal Complex-Valued Filter Bank Design by Semidefinite Programming', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 4405-4414.
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A new design method for complex-valued two-channel finite impulse response (FIR) filter banks with both orthogonality and symmetry properties is developed. Based on a novel linear matrix inequality (LMI) characterization of trigonometric curves, the opti

Hasbi, A, Nguyen, T, Fan, T, Cheng, R, Rashid, A, Alijaniaram, M, Rasenick, MM, O'Dowd, BF & George, SR 2007, 'Trafficking of Preassembled Opioid μ−δ Heterooligomer−Gz Signaling Complexes to the Plasma Membrane:  Coregulation by Agonists', Biochemistry, vol. 46, no. 45, pp. 12997-13009.
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The cellular site of formation, Gα-coupling preference, and agonist regulation of μ-δ opioid receptor (OR) heterooligomers were studied. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) showed that μ-δ OR heterooligomers, composed of preformed μ and δ homooligomers, interacted constitutively in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with Gα-proteins forming heteromeric signaling complexes before being targeted to the plasma membrane. Compared to μOR homooligomers, the μ-δ heterooligomers showed higher affinity and efficiency of interaction for Gz over Gi, indicating a switch in G-protein preference. Treatment with DAMGO or deltorphin II led to coregulated internalization of both receptors, whereas DPDPE and DSLET had no effect on μ-δ internalization. Staggered expression resulted in non-interacting μ and δ receptors, even though both receptors were colocalized at the cell surface. Agonists failed to induce BRET between staggered receptors, and resulted in internalization solely of the receptor targeted by agonist. Thus, μ-δOR heterooligomers form and preferentially associate with Gz to generate a signaling complex in the ER, and have a distinct agonist-internalization profile compared to either μ or δ homooligomers. © 2007 American Chemical Society.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 2007, 'Providing agent support for collaborative systems: using a domain-oriented design method', International Journal of Agent-Oriented Software Engineering, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 175-175.
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The paper describes an approach for designing software agents to support collaborative business systems. It then describes a methodology to identify agent requirements for applications.

He, S, Wang, H, Jia, W, Wu, Q, Hur, N, Kim, J & Hintz, TB 2007, 'Uniform Image Partitioning for Fractal Compression on Virtual Hexagonal Structure', International Journal of Information and Systems Science, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 492-509.
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Hexagonal structure is different from the traditional square structure for image representation. The geometrical arrangement of pixels on hexag-onal structure can be described in terms of a hexagonal grid. Uniformly sepa-rating image into seven similar copies with a smaller scale has commonly been used for parallel and accurate image processing including image compression on hexagonal structure. However, all the existing hardware for capturing image and for displaying image are produced based on square architecture. It has become a serious problem affecting the advanced research based on hexagonal structure. Furthermore, the current techniques used for uniform separation of images on hexagonal structure do not coincide with the rectangular shape of images. This has been an obstacle in the use of hexagonal structure for image processing. In this paper, we briefly review a newly developed virtual hexagonal structure that is scalable. Based on this virtual structure, algorithms for uni-form image separation are presented. The virtual hexagonal structure retains image resolution during the process of image separation, and does not intro-duce distortion. Furthermore, images can be smoothly and easily transferred between the traditional square structure and the hexagonal structure while the image shape is kept in rectangle. As an application of image partitioning, we present a Fractal Image Compression (FIC) method on the virtual image struc- ture by adopting Fisher's basic FIC method on the traditional square image structure. The modifcation on the definition of range block and domain block is implemented in order to utilize the enhanced image structure. The results of the FIC approach applied to testing images are analyzed and show higher fidelity.

Henderson-Sellers, B & Qumer, A 2007, 'Using method engineering to make a traditional environment agile', Cutter IT Journal, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 30-37.

Hoang Duong Tuan, Tran Thai Son, Ba-Ngu Vo & Nguyen, TQ 2007, 'Efficient Large-Scale Filter/Filterbank Design via LMI Characterization of Trigonometric Curves', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 4393-4404.
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Many filter and filterbank design problems can be posed as the optimization of linear or convex quadratic objectives over trigonometric semi-infinite constraints. Recent advances in design methodology are based on various linear matrix inequality (LMI) c

Hoang, HG, Tuan, HD & Vo, B-N 2007, 'Low-Dimensional SDP Formulation for Large Antenna Array Synthesis', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 1716-1725.
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Bounding the sidelobe and mainlobe levels of an array with complex weights is attractive in that it allows direct control of the radiation pattern. In this paper we propose an efficient beamforming technique for synthesizing the patterns of large arrays

Hong, S, Nguyen, M, Kwok, N, Ha, QP & Li, J 2007, 'Hysteretic model for magnetorheological fluid dampers using a curve fitting approach', Journal of JSAEM, Japanese Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 15, pp. 176-179.

Hossain, Z, Indraratna, B, Darve, F & Thakur, PK 2007, 'DEM analysis of angular ballast breakage under cyclic loading', Geomechanics and Geoengineering, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 175-181.
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Railway ballast particles undergo significant amount of breakage under repeated train load. Breakage of ballast particles, especially highly angular fresh ones, causes an increase in settlement, contributing to track degradation. The quantitative analysis of the influence of breakage on the stress-strain properties of ballast can be performed either experimentally or numerically. Numerical modeling has the advantage of simulating ballast breakage subject to various types of loading and different boundary conditions for a range of material properties. In this paper, ballast breakage under cyclic loading is simulated using a 2D discrete element method (DEM) utilizing the software PFC2D. A new subroutine is developed and incorporated in the PFC2D analysis to study ballast breakage and to quantify breakage in relation to particle size distribution. The influence of confining pressure on both breakage and permanent deformation is also studied and compared with laboratory observations. The findings of this paper provide an insight into the true ballast behavior under cyclic loading and are expected to assist railway practitioners in developing suitable design criteria for track stability.

Hsieh, M-H, Devetak, I & Brun, T 2007, 'General entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting codes', Phys. Rev. A, vol. 76, no. 6, p. 062313.
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Entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting codes (EAQECCs) make use ofpre-existing entanglement between the sender and receiver to boost the rate oftransmission. It is possible to construct an EAQECC from any classical linearcode, unlike standard QECCs which can only be constructed from dual-containingcodes. Operator quantum error-correcting codes (OQECCs) allow certain errors tobe corrected (or prevented) passively, reducing the complexity of thecorrection procedure. We combine these two extensions of standard quantum errorcorrection into a unified entanglement-assisted quantum error correctionformalism. This new scheme, which we call entanglement-assisted operatorquantum error correction (EAOQEC), is the most general and powerful quantumerror-correcting technique known, retaining the advantages of bothentanglement-assistance and passive correction. We present the formalism, showthe considerable freedom in constructing EAOQECCs from classical codes, anddemonstrate the construction with examples.

Huang, S & Dissanayake, G 2007, 'Convergence and consistency analysis for extended Kalman filter based SLAM', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 1036-1049.
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This paper investigates the convergence properties and consistency of Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms. Proofs of convergence are provided for the nonlinear two-dimensional SLAM problem with point landmarks observed using a range-and- bearing sensor. It is shown that the robot orientation uncertainty at the instant when landmarks are first observed has a significant effect on the limit and/or the lower bound of the uncertainties of the landmark position estimates. This paper also provides some insights to the inconsistencies of EKF based SLAM that have been recently observed. The fundamental cause of EKF SLAM inconsistency for two basic scenarios are clearly stated and associated theoretical proofs are provided. © 2007 IEEE.

Huang, Y, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Hu, Q 2007, 'Design of a High Speed Claw Pole Motor with Soft Magnetic Composite Core', Journal of JSAEM, Japanese Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 15, pp. 45-48.

Huang, Y, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Lin, Z & Hu, Q 2007, 'Design and Analysis of a High-Speed Claw Pole Motor With Soft Magnetic Composite Core', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 2492-2494.
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Soft magnetic composite (SMC) material is formed by surface-insulated iron powder particles, generating unique properties like magnetic and thermal isotropy, and very low eddy currents. This paper presents the design and analysis of a high-speed claw pol

Huang, Z, Calka, A & Liu, H 2007, 'Effects of milling conditions on hydrogen storage properties of graphite', Journal of Materials Science, vol. 42, no. 14, pp. 5437-5441.
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Huang, ZG, Guo, ZP, Calka, A, Wexler, D & Liu, HK 2007, 'Effects of carbon black, graphite and carbon nanotube additives on hydrogen storage properties of magnesium', Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 427, no. 1-2, pp. 94-100.
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Huang, ZG, Guo, ZP, Calka, A, Wexler, D & Liu, HK 2007, 'Improvement in hydrogen cycling properties of magnesium through added graphite', Materials Letters, vol. 61, no. 14-15, pp. 3163-3166.
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Huang, ZG, Guo, ZP, Calka, A, Wexler, D, Wu, J, Notten, PHL & Liu, HK 2007, 'Noticeable improvement in the desorption temperature from graphite in rehydrogenated MgH2/graphite composite', Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 447, no. 1-2, pp. 180-185.
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Huntington, HP, Hamilton, LC, Nicolson, C, Brunner, R, Lynch, A, Ogilvie, AEJ & Voinov, A 2007, 'Toward understanding the human dimensions of the rapidly changing arctic system: insights and approaches from five HARC projects', Regional Environmental Change, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 173-186.
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Hussain, OK, Chang, E, Hussain, FK & Dillon, TS 2007, 'A methodology to quantify failure for risk-based decision support system in digital business ecosystems', DATA & KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 597-621.
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In digital business ecosystem architecture it is rational for the trusting agent to analyse the possible risk according to its demand before interacting with a probable trusted agent. Doing so would assist the trusting agent in its decision process and w

Iacopi, F, Beyer, G, Travaly, Y, Waldfried, C, Gage, DM, Dauskardt, RH, Houthoofd, K, Jacobs, P, Adriaensens, P, Schulze, K, Schulz, SE, List, S & Carlotti, G 2007, 'Thermomechanical properties of thin organosilicate glass films treated with ultraviolet-assisted cure', ACTA MATERIALIA, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 1407-1414.
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Iacopi, F, Vereecken, PM, Schaekers, M, Caymax, M, Moelans, N, Blanpain, B, Richard, O, Detavernier, C & Griffiths, H 2007, 'Plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition growth of Si nanowires with low melting point metal catalysts: an effective alternative to Au-mediated growth', NANOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 18, no. 50.
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Indraratna, B, Raut, AK & Khabbaz, H 2007, 'Constriction-based retention criterion for granular filter design', JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, vol. 133, no. 3, pp. 266-276.
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The filter design criteria in practice are currently based on laboratory tests that were carried out on uniform base soil and filter materials. These criteria mostly involve specific particle size ratios, where the system of base soil and filter is represented by some characteristic particle sizes. Consequently, these criteria have limitations when applied to nonuniform materials. In filters, it is the constriction size rather than the particle size that affects filtration. In this paper, a mathematical procedure to determine the controlling constriction size is introduced, and subsequently, a constriction-based retention criterion for granular filters is presented. The model also incorporates the effect of nonuniformity of base soil in terms of its particle size distribution, considering the surface area of the particles. The proposed retention criterion is verified based on experimental data taken from past studies plus large-scale filtration tests carried out by the authors. The model successfully and distinctly demarcates the boundary between effective and ineffective filters in the case of cohensionless base soils. © 2007 ASCE.

Indraratna, B, Shahin, MA & Salim, W 2007, 'Stabilisation of granular media and formation soil using geosynthetics with special reference to railway engineering', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 27-43.
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Railway ballast breaks down and deteriorates progressively under train cyclic loading, and soft formation soil fails due to repetitive stress, leading to costly rail track maintenance. Using geosynthetics, track conditions can be improved and maintenance costs can be reduced. This paper addresses the potential use of geosynthetics for improving the deformation characteristics of rail ballast and formation soil. The prospective use of different types of geosynthetics was investigated using a large-scale prismoidal triaxial rig, and a plane strain finite element analysis (PLAXIS) of the rig was carried out to obtain the optimum location of geosynthetics in rail track substructure. A large-scale consolidometer was also employed to determine the effect of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) in optimising the accelerated primary consolidation of track soft formation. This paper also includes a section where recommendations are made on how to prepare the stability of rail tracks on surface formation soils considerably disturbed/remoulded by the Asian tsunami in Sri Lanka. The research findings reveal that geosynthetics have a good potential for resilient track construction and for reducing the cost of track maintenance. Le ballast d'infrastructure ferroviaire se fracture et se détériore progressivement sous le chargement cyclique des trains et le sol de formation molle se fracture en raison de la charge répétée. Ces dégradations sont à l'origine d'une maintenance coûteuse des voies ferrées. Les conditions de ces infrastructures peuvent s'améliorer et le coût de leur maintenance diminuer grâce à l'utilisation de la géosynthétique. Cet article illustre l'application potentielle de la géosynthétique pour l'amélioration des caractéristiques de déformation du ballast des voies ferroviaires et du sol de formation. L'utilisation prospective de différents types de géosynthétique est étudiée au moyen d'un montage triaxial prismoïde et une a...

Izquierdo, E 2007, 'Editorial: Knowledge Engineering, Semantics, and Signal Processing in Audio–Visual Information Retrieval', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 257-260.
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Jabbari, E, Tavakoli, J & Sarvestani, AS 2007, 'Swelling characteristics of acrylic acid polyelectrolyte hydrogel in a dc electric field', Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1614-1620.
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Jahirul, MI, Saidur, R, Hasanuzzaman, M, Masjuki, HH & Kalam, MA 2007, 'A comparison of the air pollution of gasoline and CNG driven car for Malaysia', International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 130-138.
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In order for saving the constrained resources and preservation of environment, the natural gas is a proven low cost and low emission alternative fuel to petroleum fuels for all types of motor vehicles. It is being widely used throughout the globe. In Malaysia, still millions of vehicles are plying on use of petroleum fuels. These fuels release huge emissions to the environment. Definitely, this adversely affects the natural ecosystem. In this backdrop, a study is felt important to predict the trend of emissions of anti-body gases released by cars in Malaysia for use of liquid fuels and natural gas between 2006 and 2020. The growth of vehicles demand has been considered alongside. The study reveals that current emission levels of different anti-body gases are huge and these can be significantly reduced by converting liquid fuel based engine into the natural gas based engine.

Jarman, R & Bryce, P 2007, 'Experimental investigation and modelling of the interaction between an AVR and ballast load frequency controller in a stand-alone micro-hydroelectric system', Renewable Energy, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1525-1543.
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Extensive field experience in micro-hydroelectric systems in remote rural communities demonstrates that the use of a typical automatic voltage regulator (AVR), as supplied with a brushless self-exciting synchronous alternator, can be the cause of unsatis

Jia, W, Zhang, H & He, X 2007, 'Region-based license plate detection', Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1324-1333.
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Automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) is one of the most important aspects of applying computer techniques towards intelligent transportation systems. In order to recognize a license plate efficiently, however, the location of the license plate, in most cases, must be detected in the first place. Due to this reason, detecting the accurate location of a license plate from a vehicle image is considered to be the most crucial step of an ALPR system, which greatly affects the recognition rate and speed of the whole system. In this paper, a region-based license plate detection method is proposed. In this method, firstly, mean shift is used to filter and segment a color vehicle image in order to get candidate regions. These candidate regions are then analyzed and classified in order to decide whether a candidate region contains a license plate. Unlike other existing license plate detection methods, the proposed method focuses on regions, which demonstrates to be more robust to interference characters and more accurate when compared with other methods. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Jin, J, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2007, 'A Linear Motor Driver with HTS Levitation Techniques', Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 21-23.

Jin, J, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2007, 'Super-High Q Resonate Circuit: Theory and Device', Journal of JSAEM, Japanese Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 15, pp. 100-103.

Jin, J, Wang, ZG, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2007, 'High Temperature Superconducting Energy Storage Techniques', Journal of JSAEM, Japanese Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 15, pp. 108-111.

Jin, J, Zhang, JL, Guo, Y, Zhan, Y & Zhu, J 2007, 'Next Generation of DC Power Transmission Technology Using HTS Cables', Nature Sciences, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 52-56.

Jin, J, Zheng, L, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2007, 'Development of High Temperature Superconducting Machines', Journal of JSAEM, Japanese Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 15, pp. 88-91.

Jin, JX, Guo, YG & Zhu, JG 2007, 'Principle and analysis of a linear motor driving system for HTS levitation applications', Physica C: Superconductivity, vol. 460-462, no. 2, pp. 1445-1446.
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High temperature superconductor (HTS) high levitation force density with passive and self-stabilizing features allows a number of special applications to be developed. Linear motor driving systems are commonly required for those applications such as levi

Jin, JX, Liu, ZY, Guo, YG & Zhu, JG 2007, 'Power system analysis of a resistive HTS fault current limiter', Physica C: Superconductivity, vol. 460-462, no. 2, pp. 1455-1456.
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This paper investigates the performance of a prototype resistive fault current limiter (FCL) made using a high temperature superconductor (HTS). Its behavior under normal operation and short-circuit conditions in a 6 kV/1 kA power system is analyzed with

Jin, JX, Zhang, CM, Guo, YG & Zhu, JG 2007, 'HTS High Q Resonant Controller', Materials Science Forum, vol. 546-549, pp. 1979-1984.
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High Tc superconductor (HTS) technology has been used to develop an advanced high Qresonant circuit and its devices. With a HTS, a very high Q circuit can be achieved; consequentlyspecial aspects such as high voltage generation and high current control can be theoretically andpractically realized. Theoretical study has been carried out, as well as a practical approach has beenmade for the concept verification. This paper describes the theory of this high Q resonant circuit andthe operational principle of its high voltage generation and current control.

Jin, JX, Zhang, CM, Guo, YG & Zhu, JG 2007, 'Theory and Operation Principle of a HTS High Q Resonant Circuit', IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 2022-2025.
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High-temperature superconductor (HTS) technology has been used to develop an advanced high Q resonant power electronic circuit and its special device. With HTS techniques, a very high Q circuit can be achieved; consequently special aspects such as high v

Johnston, A & Marks, B 2007, 'Partial Reflections', Leonardo, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 510-511.
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Kannapiran, A, Chanan, AP, Singh, G, Tambosis, P, Jeyakumaran, JM & Kandasamy, JK 2007, 'An innovative model for sustainable cost effective management of stormwater drainage assets', Water Asset Management International, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 4-11.
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Stormwater drainage is one of the important infrastructures of any modern urban city. A well planned, operated and maintained stormwater system should drain stormwater runoff effectively during normal periods and during floods. However, with rapidly expanding cities, unanticipated problems from changinf land usage, system overloading, pollution and deteriorating environment cause problems to stormwater assets and contribute to its failure. These issues are more problematic in larger and older cities where replacement is costly. Kogarah Council, a local government authority in Sydney, Australia, is anticipated to face many of the challenges this problem poses as it manages the urban water cycle system in an integrated manner to protect, restore and enhance the stormwater assets. The council owns a significant part of these assets that were constructed back in the 1930s.

Kazienko, P & Musial, K 2007, 'On utilising social networks to discover representatives of human communities', International Journal of Intelligent Information and Database Systems, vol. 1, no. 3/4, pp. 293-293.
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: Virtual human communities that exist on the internet reflect social relationships between people. There is a great need to find important individuals, a set of people who would represent larger communities. These people would be able to perform specific tasks or could become a target group for marketing or advertising purposes. The new research on representative discovery for human communities is presented in this paper. Its main goal is to improve the process of target group selection by adding the social elements derived from the behaviours of people. The entire selection process considered in the paper is called human filtering. © 2007 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Khiadani, MH, Kandasamy, J & Beecham, S 2007, 'Velocity Distributions in Spatially Varied Flow with Increasing Discharge', Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, vol. 133, no. 7, pp. 721-735.
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The experimental study presented in this paper explores the distribution of the mean velocities for a channel receiving spatially varied (SV) inflow from directly above the centerline of the channel via sets of nozzles. The velocity components u, 1), and

Khosroshahi, ME, Mahmoodi, M & Tavakoli, J 2007, 'Characterization of Ti6Al4V implant surface treated by Nd:YAG laser and emery paper for orthopaedic applications', Applied Surface Science, vol. 253, no. 21, pp. 8772-8781.
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Khosroshahi, ME, Tavakoli, J & Mahmoodi, M 2007, 'Analysis of Bioadhesivity of Osteoblast Cells on Titanium Alloy Surface Modified by Nd:YAG Laser', The Journal of Adhesion, vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 151-172.
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Kim, J & Sukkarieh, S 2007, 'Real-time implementation of airborne inertial-SLAM', Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 62-71.
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Kim, S-H & Ngo, H-H 2007, 'Adsorption characteristics and pH-dependence of metsulfuron-methyl onto activated carbons', SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 1731-1745.
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The adsorption characteristics of metsulfuron-methyl (MM) onto powdered activated carbon (PAC) and granular activated carbon (GAC) were studied at varying solution pHs (4–9) and temperatures (20–408C). The dependence of pH was observed in aqueous solution with MM. The film mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion coefficients were estimated from concentration decay curves obtained in the batch adsorber. The maximum adsorption capacity decreased with increasing pH and temperature. Among the PAC used, the coconut based PAC had the best adsorption capacity. The adsorption isotherms could be plotted using the Freundlich and Toth models with a reasonable degree of accuracy. The overall adsorption isotherm such as the modified-Toth model should be applied. The performances of the fixed-bed GAC system was also simulated by a model developed. The objective of the present study was to investigate the adsorption and pH dependence behavior of MM onto PAC and GAC in order to diminish the environmental risk of MM pollution.

King, AJ, Readman, JW & Zhou, JL 2007, 'Behaviour of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dissolved, colloidal, and particulate phases in sedimentary cores', International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, vol. 87, no. 3, pp. 211-225.
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Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has been successfully used for extracting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from porewater samples from the Mersey Estuary, UK. The majority of the PAHs in porewater samples are associated with colloids due to the high DOC concentrations. The truly dissolved PAH concentrations varied from 66 to 1050 ng L-1 in core 2 and from 95 to 740 ng L-1 in core 3, and were dominated by naphthalene, fluoranthene, and pyrene. Although absent in the dissolved phase, the high-molecular-mass compounds were found in the colloid-associated fraction of porewater. PAHs in sediments arose from a range of compounds with 4- and 5-ring PAHs dominating. The partitioning of PAHs between sediment and porewater shows that PAHs are enriched in the sediment phase. When the soot carbon content was considered, predictions of the partition behaviour were found to agree more closely with the observed distribution. The results reiterate the importance of evaluating the speciation of organic pollutants in both porewater and sediments in order to accurately predict their environmental fate and potential toxicity. © 2007 Taylor & Francis.

Kitis, M, İlker Harman, B, Yigit, NO, Beyhan, M, Nguyen, H & Adams, B 2007, 'The removal of natural organic matter from selected Turkish source waters using magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX®)', Reactive and Functional Polymers, vol. 67, no. 12, pp. 1495-1504.
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The primary objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the MIEX® process in removing natural organic matter (NOM) from selected drinking water sources of the City of Istanbul. Raw water samples from five drinking water treatment plants (Elmali{dotless}, B.Çekmece, Ömerli, İkitelli, and Kaǧi{dotless}thane) serving to about 10 million people were collected and jar-tested in laboratory. The kinetics of NOM removal at various MIEX® dose and contact times, the extent of resin saturation in multiple-loading experiments, and the impacts of MIEX® pretreatment prior to coagulation on coagulant demands were investigated. After a resin dose of 5-10 ml settled resin/l and contact time of 10-20 min, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and specific UV absorbance (SUVA254) values obtained for all waters were <1.5 mg/l and <2 l/mg DOC-m, respectively. In addition, for all waters, 17-42% nitrate and 9-24% sulfate removals were obtained at a resin dose and contact time of 10 ml settled resin/l and 10 min, respectively. UV254 absorbance reductions up to 96% were achieved. Increasing MIEX® dose generally decreased the SUVA254 values indicating that the MIEX® resin preferentially removed UV absorbing fractions of NOM. Although some degree of initial resin saturation occurred in two raw waters up to 900 bed volume (BV) loadings, such saturations were not continuous up to 2000 BV loadings. The initial saturation was not observed for the other three waters, suggesting that MIEX® resin can be loaded up to 2000 BVs or more (not tested) without any saturation. Depending on the raw water, the application of MIEX® as a pretreatment prior to coagulation reduced the coagulant (alum) demand by 0-30 mg/l compared to the coagulation only. Results from the laboratory experiments overall indicated that MIEX® resin even at relatively low dose and short contact time effectively removes NOM in all tested raw waters and reduces coagulant demands. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All righ...

Kocaballı, AB & Koçyiğit, A 2007, 'Granular best match algorithm for context-aware computing systems', Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 80, no. 12, pp. 2015-2024.
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Kodagoda, KRS, Ge, SS, Wijesoma, WS & Balasuriya, AP 2007, 'IMMPDAF Approach for Road-Boundary Tracking', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 478-486.
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Robust road-boundary extraction/tracking is one of the main problems in autonomous roadway navigation. Although the road boundary can be defined by various means including lane markings, curbs, and borders of vegetation, this paper focuses on road-boundary tracking using curbs. A vehicle-mounted (downward tilted) 2-D laser-measurement system is utilized to detect the curbs. The tracking problem is difficult because both the vehicle is moving and the target is disappearing, reappearing, and maneuvering in clutter. The interacting-multiple-model probabilistic-data-association filter (IMMPDAF) is proposed to solve the problems after detailed analysis. Track initiation, confirmation, and deletion are performed using the sequential-probability-ratio test. Extensive simulations followed by experiments in a campus environment show that the road-boundary tracking utilizing curbs is possible and robust through IMMPDAF. © 2007 IEEE.

Kong, X, Liu, L & Lowe, D 2007, 'A web system trace model and its application to web design', Journal of Digital Information, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1-29.
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Traceability analysis is crucial to the development of web-centric systems, particularly those with frequent system changes, fine-grained evolution and maintenance, and high level of requirements uncertainty. A trace model at the level of the web system architecture is presented in this paper to address the specific challenges of developing web-centric systems. The trace model separates the concerns of different stakeholders in the web development life cycle into viewpoints; and classifies each viewpoint into structure and behaviour. Tracing relationships are presented along two dimensions: within viewpoints; and among viewpoints. Examples of tracing relationships are presented using UML. This trace model is demonstrated through its application to the design of a commercial web project using a web-design process. The design artifacts in each activity are transformed based on the artifacts tracing relationship in the trace model. The model provides mechanisms for verification of consistency, completeness and coverage within each viewpoint and the connectedness across viewpoints.

Konstantynowicz, J, Nguyen, TV, Kaczmarski, M, Jamiolkowski, J, Piotrowska-Jastrzebska, J & Seeman, E 2007, 'Fractures during growth: potential role of a milk-free diet', Osteoporosis International, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 1601-1607.
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Kumar, S, Nageswara Rao, B & Pradhan, B 2007, 'Effect of Impactor Parameters and Laminate Characteristics on Impact Response and Damage in Curved Composite Laminates', Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, vol. 26, no. 13, pp. 1273-1290.
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The impact response and the impact-induced damage in a curved composite laminate subjected to transverse impact by a metallic impactor are studied using a three-dimensional finite element method. Several example problems of a graphite/epoxy cylindrical shell are considered and effects of impactor parameter (impactor velocity and impactor mass) and laminate characteristics (shell curvature and fiber orientation of plies) are established. Impact-induced damages (matrix cracking and delamination) are predicted using appropriate three-dimensional stress-based failure criteria. In order to take account of degradation of material due to damage during the impact, the stiffness matrix of the failed region of the laminate is reduced as the solution progresses.

Kutay, C 2007, 'Knowledge Management as Enterprise', The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, vol. 36, no. S1, pp. 137-144.
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Abstract Indigenous people have been for a long time deprived of financial benefit from their knowledge. Campaigns around the stolen wages and the “Pay the Rent” campaign highlight this. As does the endemic poverty and economic disenfranchisement experienced by many Indigenous people and communities in Australia. Recent enterprises developed by Indigenous people, such as the sale of art works, can be seen as examples of people receiving remuneration for tangible products deriving from their knowledge. Also, tourism involves the sale of selected knowledge in context. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a rich and expanding area of enterprise development which supports the development of knowledge and its use in enterprise. While such work depends on the owner’s, or in this case Indigenous, control of the knowledge, it can open up new avenues for enterprise development. Knowledge about local land can be included in children’s computer games, knowledge about successful projects can be shared between communities through the immediacy and multimedia format afforded by online environments, and government reports and statistics can be accessed and analysed by Indigenous groups, given tools that suit a community’s abilities and needs. In particular the way in which ICT can be adapted to individual requirements make such tools ideal for communities which form such a varied and complex environment. The author believes it is important that Indigenous communities not only benefit from ICT by taking control of the technology for their purposes, but are also part of its creation and design to suit their aspirations. ICT is a highly flexible technology which can be tailored to many different enterprises...

Kutay, C & Aurum, A 2007, 'Knowledge transformation for education in software engineering', International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 58-58.
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The use of Knowledge Management (KM) is increasingly relevant to education for the management of information and knowledge resources. It is important that educational organisations adapt to mobile learning using existing established frameworks for evaluation. In particular, strategies for KM within the university context need to be understood. This article examines the industrial Socialisation Externalisation Combination and Internalisation (SECI) model of KM and how it is applied to the educational domain. The purpose of this investigation is to analyse the KM supported by different technologies within a SECI framework, in the Software Engineering (SE) programme within a university, and how this may support learning. Results indicated that the SECI model was an incomplete representation of KM in this context. An increased understanding of the technology that supports each aspect of the model would contribute to KM and thus constructive aspects of learning at universities as they move to mobile modes of learning. © 2007 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Kwok, JT, Tsang, IW-H & Zurada, JM 2007, 'A Class of Single-Class Minimax Probability Machines for Novelty Detection', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 778-785.
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Kwok, NM, Ha, QP, Huang, S, Dissanayake, G & Fang, G 2007, 'Mobile robot localization and mapping using a Gaussian sum filter', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL AUTOMATION AND SYSTEMS, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 251-268.
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A Gaussian sum filter (GSF) is proposed in this paper on simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for mobile robot navigation. In particular, the SLAM problem is tackled here for cases when only bearing measurements are available. Within the stochastic mapping framework using an extended Kalman filter (EKF), a Gaussian probability density function (pdf) is assumed to describe the range-and-bearing sensor noise. In the case of a bearing-only sensor, a sum of weighted Gaussians is used to represent the non-Gaussian robot-landmark range uncertainty, resulting in a bank of EKFs for estimation of the robot and landmark locations. In our approach, the Gaussian parameters are designed on the basis of minimizing the representation error. The computational complexity of the GSF is reduced by applying the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) to remove under-performing EKFs. Extensive experimental results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed techniques.

Kwok, NM, Ha, QP, Nguyen, MT, Li, J & Samali, B 2007, 'Bouc-Wen model parameter identification for a MR fluid damper using computationally efficient GA', ISA TRANSACTIONS, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 167-179.
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A non-symmetrical Bouc-Wen model is proposed in this paper for magnetorheological (MR) fluid dampers. The model considers the effect of non-symmetrical hysteresis which has not been taken into account in the original Bouc-Wen model. The model parameters are identified with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) using its flexibility in identification of complex dynamics. The computational efficiency of the proposed GA is improved with the absorption of the selection stage into the crossover and mutation operations. Crossover and mutation are also made adaptive to the fitness values such that their probabilities need not be user-specified. Instead of using a sufficiently number of generations or a pre-determined fitness value, the algorithm termination criterion is formulated on the basis of a statistical hypothesis test, thus enhancing the performance of the parameter identification. Experimental test data of the damper displacement and force are used to verify the proposed approach with satisfactory parameter identification results. © 2007 ISA.

Lackenby, J, Indraratna, B, McDowell, G & Christie, D 2007, 'Effect of confining pressure on ballast degradation and deformation under cyclic triaxial loading', Géotechnique, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 527-536.
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Traditional railway foundations or substructures have become increasingly overloaded in recent years, owing to the introduction of faster and heavier trains. A lack of substructure re-engineering has resulted in maintenance cycles becoming more frequent and increasingly expensive. Two significant problems arising from increasing axle loads are differential track settlement and ballast degradation. One potential method of enhancing the substructure is to manipulate the level of ballast confinement. To investigate this possibility, a series of high-frequency cyclic triaxial tests has been conducted to examine the effects of confining pressure and deviator stress magnitude on ballast deformation (permanent and resilient) and degradation. Experimental results indicate that, for each deviator stress considered, an 'optimum' range of confining pressures exists such that degradation is minimised. This range was found to vary from 15–65 kPa for a maximum deviator stress of 230 kPa to 50–140 kPa when deviatoric stresses increase to 750 kPa. Ballast specimens tested at low confining pressures indicative of current in situ conditions were characterised by excessive axial deformations, volumetric dilation, and an unacceptable degree of degradation associated mainly with angular corner breakage. The results suggest that in situ lateral pressures should be increased to counteract the axle loads of heavier trains, and practical methods of achieving increased confinement are suggested.

Law, SS, Bu, JQ, Zhu, XQ & Chan, SL 2007, 'Moving load identification on a simply supported orthotropic plate', International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, vol. 49, no. 11, pp. 1262-1275.
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Lee, JE-Y, Bahreyni, B, Zhu, Y & Seshia, AA 2007, 'Ultrasensitive mass balance based on a bulk acoustic mode single-crystal silicon resonator', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 91, no. 23.
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A single-crystal silicon resonant bulk acoustic mass sensor with a measured resolution of 125pg∕cm2 is presented. The mass sensor comprises a micromachined silicon plate that is excited in the square-extensional bulk acoustic resonant mode at a frequency of 2.182MHz, with a quality factor exceeding 106. The mass sensor has a measured mass to frequency shift sensitivity of 132Hzcm2∕μg. The resonator element is embedded in a feedback loop of an electronic amplifier to implement an oscillator with a short term frequency stability of better than 7ppb at an operating pressure of 3.8mTorr.

Lee, S & Pradhan, B 2007, 'Landslide hazard mapping at Selangor, Malaysia using frequency ratio and logistic regression models', Landslides, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 33-41.
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Lee, T & Shraibman, A 2007, 'Disjointness is hard in the multi-party number on the forehead model', Proceedings of the Annual IEEE Conference on Computational Complexity, pp. 81-91.
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We show that disjointness requires randomized communicationOmega(n^{1/(k+1)}/2^{2^k}) in the general k-party number-on-the-forehead modelof complexity. The previous best lower bound for k >= 3 was log(n)/(k-1). Ourresults give a separation between nondeterministic and randomized multipartynumber-on-the-forehead communication complexity for up to k=log log n - O(loglog log n) many players. Also by a reduction of Beame, Pitassi, and Segerlind,these results imply subexponential lower bounds on the size of proofs needed torefute certain unsatisfiable CNFs in a broad class of proof systems, includingtree-like Lovasz-Schrijver proofs.

Lee, T & Shraibman, A 2007, 'Lower Bounds in Communication Complexity', Foundations and Trends in Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 263-399.
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Leung, KF, Leung, FHF, Lam, HK & Ling, SH 2007, 'Application of a modified neural fuzzy network and an improved genetic algorithm to speech recognition', NEURAL COMPUTING & APPLICATIONS, vol. 16, no. 4-5, pp. 419-431.
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This paper presents the recognition of speech commands using a modified neural fuzzy network (NFN). By introducing associative memory (the tuner NFN) into the classification process (the classifier NFN), the network parameters could be made adaptive to changing input data. Then, the search space of the classification network could be enlarged by a single network. To train the parameters of the modified NFN, an improved genetic algorithm is proposed. As an application example, the proposed speech recognition approach is implemented in an eBook experimentally to illustrate the design and its merits. © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2007.

Li, J & Yang, Q 2007, 'Strong Compound-Risk Factors: Efficient Discovery Through Emerging Patterns and Contrast Sets', IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 544-552.
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Odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR) (risk ratio), and absolute risk reduction (ARR) (risk difference) are biostatistics measurements that are widely used for identifying significant risk factors in dichotomous groups of subjects. In the past, they have often been used to assess simple risk factors. In this paper, we introduce the concept of compound-risk factors to broaden the applicability of these statistical tests for assessing factor interplays. We observe that compound-risk factors with a high risk ratio or a big risk difference have an one-to-one correspondence to strong emerging patterns or strong contrast sets-two types of patterns that have been extensively studied in the data mining field. Such a relationship has been unknown to researchers in the past, and efficient algorithms for discovering strong compound-risk factors have been lacking. In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework and a new algorithm that unify the discovery of compound-risk factors that have a strong OR, risk ratio, or a risk difference. Our method guarantees that all patterns meeting a certain test threshold can be efficiently discovered. Our contribution thus represents the first of its kind in linking the risk ratios and ORs to pattern mining algorithms, making it possible to find compound-risk factors in large-scale data sets. In addition, we show that using compound-risk factors can improve classification accuracy in probabilistic learning algorithms on several disease data sets, because these compound-risk factors capture the interdependency between important data attributes. © 2007 IEEE.

Li, J, Choi, FC, Samali, B & Crews, K 2007, 'Damage localisation and severity evaluation of a beam-like timber structure based on modal strain energy and flexibility approaches', Journal of Building Appraisal, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 323-334.
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Li, L & Paganini, F 2007, 'LMI relaxation to Riccati equations in structured H-2 control', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL, vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 527-539.
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In this paper we discuss structured [image omitted] control methods for large-scale interconnected systems. Based on a relaxation of Riccati equations, we derive some linear matrix inequality (LMI) conditions for sub-optimal controllers in which information structure can be imposed. In particular, we derive controllers by solving low-dimensional LMIs, which are decentralized except for the sharing information between neighbours, as determined by the plant interconnection; also we optimize a performance bound for each of the derived controllers.

Li, L & Ugrinovskii, VA 2007, 'On necessary and sufficient conditions for H(infinity) output feedback control of Markov jump linear systems', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 1287-1292.
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This note addresses the output feedback H∞ control problem for continuous-time Markov jump linear systems. It is shown that the feasibility of a certain set of linear matrix inequalities is both sufficient and necessary for the existence of a solution. Under standard assumptions, we also give a Riccati-type sufficient and necessary condition for an H∞-suboptimal controller to exist. © 2007 IEEE.

Li, L, Ugrinovskii, VA & Orsi, R 2007, 'Decentralized robust control of uncertain Markov jump parameter systems via output feedback', AUTOMATICA, vol. 43, no. 11, pp. 1932-1944.
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This paper addresses the problem of decentralized robust stabilization and control for a class of uncertain Markov jump parameter systems. Control is via output feedback and knowledge of the discrete Markov state. It is shown that the existence of a solution to a collection of mode-dependent coupled algebraic Riccati equations and inequalities, which depend on certain additional parameters, is both necessary and sufficient for the existence of a robust decentralized switching controller. A guaranteed upper bound on robust performance is also given. To obtain a controller which satisfies this bound, an optimization problem involving rank constrained linear matrix inequalities is introduced, and a numerical approach for solving this problem is presented. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach, an example stabilization problem for a power system comprising three generators and one on-load tap changing transformer is considered. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Li, S 2007, 'A representation theorem for minmax regret policies', Artificial Intelligence, vol. 171, no. 1, pp. 19-24.
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Decision making under uncertainty is one of the central tasks of artificial agents. Due to their simplicity and ease of specification, qualitative decision tools are popular in artificial intelligence. Brafman and Tennenholtz [R.I. Brafman, M. Tennenholtz, An axiomatic treatment of three qualitative decision criteria, J. ACM 47 (3) (2000) 452482] model an agent's uncertain knowledge as her local state, which consists of states of the world that she deems possible. A policy determines for each local state a total preorder of the set of actions, which represents the agent's preference over these actions. It is known that a policy is maximin representable if and only if it is closed under unions and satisfies a certain acyclicity condition. In this paper we show that the above conditions, although necessary, are insufficient for minmax regret and competitive ratio policies. A complete characterization of these policies is obtained by introducing the best-equally strictness.

Li, S & Nebel, B 2007, 'Qualitative Spatial Representation and Reasoning: A Hierarchical Approach', The Computer Journal, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 391-402.
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The ability to reason in space is crucial for agents in order to make informed decisions. Current high-level qualitative approaches to spatial reasoning have serious deficiencies in not reflecting the hierarchical nature of spatial data and human spatial cognition. This article proposes a framework for hierarchical representation and reasoning about topological information, where a continuous model of space is approximated by a collection of discrete sub-models, and spatial information is hierarchically represented in discrete sub-models in a rough set manner. The work is based on the Generalized Region Connection Calculus theory, where continuous and discrete models of space are coped in a unified way. Reasoning issues such as determining the mereological (part-whole) relations between two rough regions are also discussed. Moreover, we consider an important problem that is closely related to map generalization in cartography and Geographical Information Science. Given a spatial configuration at a finer level, we show how to construct a configuration at a coarser level while preserving the mereological relations. © The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The British Computer Society. All rights reserved.

Li, X, Chu, X & Sheng, DC 2007, 'A saturated discrete particle model and characteristic‐based SPH method in granular materials', International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol. 72, no. 7, pp. 858-882.
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AbstractBased on the discrete particle model for solid‐phase deformation of granular materials consisting of dry particulate assemblages, a discrete particle–continuum model for modelling the coupled hydro‐mechanical behaviour in saturated granular materials is developed. The motion of the interstitial fluid is described by two parallel continuum schemes governed by the averaged incompressible N–S equations and Darcy's law, respectively, where the latter one can be regarded as a degraded case of the former.Owing to the merits in both Lagrangian and mesh‐free characters, the characteristic‐based smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is proposed in this paper for modelling pore fluid flows relative to the deformed solid phase that is modelled as packed assemblages of interacting discrete particles. It is assumed that the formulation is Lagrangian with the co‐ordinate system transferring with the movement of the solid particles. The assumed continuous fluid field is discretized into a finite set of Lagrangian (material) points with their number equal to that of solid particles situated in the computational domain. An explicit meshless scheme for granular materials with interstitial water is formulated. Numerical results illustrate the capability and performance of the present model in modelling the fluid–solid interaction and deformation in granular materials saturated with water. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Li, Y, Sharp, I, Hedley, M, Ho, P & Guo, Y 2007, 'Single- and double-difference algorithms for position and time-delay calibration of transducer-elements in a sparse array', IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 1188-1198.
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A method for the calibration of the position and time delay of transducer elements in a large, sparse array used for underwater, high-resolution, ultrasound imaging has been described in a previous work. This algorithm is based on the direct algorithm used in the global positioning system (GPS), but the wave propagation speed is treated as one of the to-be-calibrated parameters. In this article, the performance of two other commonly used GPS algorithms, namely the single-difference algorithm and the double-difference algorithm, is evaluated. The calibration of the propagation speed also is integrated into these two algorithms. Furthermore, a novel, least-squares method is proposed to calibrate the time delay associated with each transducer element for these two algorithms. The performances of these algorithms are theoretically analyzed and evaluated using numerical analysis and simulation study. The performance of the direct algorithm, the single-difference algorithm, and the double-difference algorithm is compared. It was found that the single-difference algorithm has the best performance among the three algorithms for the current application, and it is capable of calibrating the position and time delay of transducer elements to an accuracy of one-tenth of a wavelength.

Lin, C-T, Chuang, S-W, Chen, Y-C, Ko, L-W, Liang, S-F & Jung, T-P 2007, 'EEG effects of motion sickness induced in a dynamic virtual reality environment.', Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, vol. 2007, pp. 3872-3875.
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The Electroencephalogram (EEG) dynamics which relate to motion sickness are studied in this paper. Instead of providing visual or motion stimuli to the subjects to induce motion sickness, we employed a dynamic virtual-reality (VR) environment in our research. The environment consisted of a 3D surrounding VR scene and a motion platform providing a realistic situation. This environment provided the advantages of safety, low cost, and the realistic stimuli to induce motion sickness. The Motion Sickness Questionnaire (MSQ) was used to assess the sickness level, and the EEG effects on the subjects with high sickness levels were investigated using the independent component analysis (ICA). The fake-epoch extraction was then applied to the nausea-related independent components. Finally we employed the Event-Related Spectral Perturbation (ERSP) technology on the fake-epochs in order to determine the EEG dynamics during motion sickness. The experimental results show that most subjects experienced an 8-10 Hz power increase to their motion sickness-related phenomena in the parietal and motor areas. Moreover, some subjects experienced an EEG power increase of 18-20 Hz in their synchronized responses recorded in the same areas. The motion sickness-related effects and regions can be successfully obtained from our experimental results.

Lin, Z, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Zhong, J & Yu, WY 2007, 'Visualization of Magnetic Field Distribution at Soft Magnetic Composite', Journal of JSAEM, Japanese Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 15, pp. 25-28.

Lin, ZW, Zhu, JG, Guo, YG, Zhong, JJ & Lu, HW 2007, 'B and H sensors for 3-D magnetic property testing', International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 25, no. 1-4, pp. 517-520.
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One and two-dimensional hysteresis properties are normally used to characterize soft magnetic materials. However, the results are not informative enough to disclose three-dimensional (3-D) hysteresis behavior under vector excitations. This paper presents

Lin, ZW, Zhu, JG, Guo, YG, Zhong, JJ & Wang, S 2007, 'Magnetic properties of soft magnetic composites under three-dimensional excitations', International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 25, no. 1-4, pp. 237-241.
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Soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials are broadly used in low cost high performance electrical machines due to their magnetic isotropy, low eddy current loss, and capability to mould complex shapes. To optimise the performance of electrical machines, t

Ling, SH & Leung, FHF 2007, 'An improved genetic algorithm with average-bound crossover and wavelet mutation operations', SOFT COMPUTING, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 7-31.
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This paper presents a real-coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) with new genetic operations (crossover and mutation). They are called the average-bound crossover and wavelet mutation. By introducing the proposed genetic operations, both the solution quality and stability are better than the RCGA with conventional genetic operations. A suite of benchmark test functions are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Application examples on economic load dispatch and tuning an associative-memory neural network are used to show the performance of the proposed RCGA. © Springer-Verlag 2006.

Ling, SH, Leung, FHF & Lam, HK 2007, 'Input-dependent neural network trained by real-coded genetic algorithm and its industrial applications', SOFT COMPUTING, vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 1033-1052.
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This paper presents an input-dependent neural network (IDNN) with variable parameters. The parameters of the neurons in the hidden nodes adapt to changes of the input environment, so that different test input sets separately distributed in a large domain can be tackled after training. Effectively, there are different individual neural networks for different sets of inputs. The proposed network exhibits a better learning and generalization ability than the traditional one. An improved real-coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) Ling and Leung (Soft Comput 11(1):7-31, 2007) is proposed to train the network parameters. Industrial applications on short-term load forecasting and hand-written graffiti recognition will be presented to verify and illustrate the improvement. © Springer-Verlag 2007.

Lister, R, Sheard, J & Carbone, A 2007, 'Australasian Computing Education Research', Computer Science Education, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 153-154.
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Liu, A, Wu, C, Yu, KF & Yuan, W 2007, 'Completeness and unbiased estimation of mean vector in the multivariate group sequential case', Journal of Multivariate Analysis, vol. 98, no. 3, pp. 505-516.
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We consider estimation after a group sequential test about a multivariate normal mean, such as a χ2 test or a sequential version of the Bonferroni procedure. We derive the density function of the sufficient statistics and show that the sample mean remains to be the maximum likelihood estimator but is no longer unbiased. We propose an alternative Rao-Blackwell type unbiased estimator. We show that the family of distributions of the sufficient statistic is not complete, and there exist infinitely many unbiased estimators of the mean vector and none has uniformly minimum variance. However, when restricted to truncation-adaptable statistics, completeness holds and the Rao-Blackwell estimator has uniformly minimum variance.

Liu, B, Ray, A, Thomas, PS, Klimesch, D & Guerbois, JP 2007, 'Mechanical properties of hydrothermally treated alumina-silica rich industrial waste cement systems - Effect of magnesia addition', Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 61-66.
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The utilisation of industrial waste products such as fly ash, blast furnace slag and fired claybrick, as supplementary cementing materials to produce blended Portland cement (PC) has increased worldwide in recent years. The incentive was directed towards the utilisation of wastes and industrial by-products in order to minimise PC consumption, thus reduce CO2 emissions. This study aims to investigate the potential of magnesia (MgO) as a supplementary material in combination with alumina-silica rich fired clay brick waste fines. Compressive strength results showed adverse effects on the additions of brick waste fines and MgO. However, for blended PC with the addition of both brick waste and magnesia, an apparent synergy, indicating a minimising of strength reduction, was observed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data revealed the presence of brucite, a hydration product of MgO, in the MgO blended PC suggesting a lack of pozzolanic activity of MgO.

Liu, B, Ray, AS & Thomas, PS 2007, 'Strength development in autoclaved aluminosilicate rich industrial waste-cement systems containing reactive magnesia', Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 82-87.
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Addition of supplementary cementing materials (SCM) to produce blended Portland cements (PC) is a well established practice in the manufacture of construction materials since they permit less overall consumption of PC thereby reducing CO2 emissions. This study reports findings on the strength development of autoclaved Portland cement (PC) - quartz blends where PC was partially replaced by alumina-silica rich fired clay brick waste frees, a proven SCM, and reactive magnesia. Chemical and physical properties of the mixes were characterised by means of compressive strength testing thermal analysis, x-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Liu, B, Thomas, PS, Ray, AS & Guerbois, JP 2007, 'A TG analysis of the effect of calcination conditions on the properties of reactive magnesia', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 145-149.
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The reactivity of MgO obtained from calcination of magnesium carbonate at different temperatures has been investigated by means of hydration in a constant relative humidity environment at 40 degrees C for periods up to 24 days. Natural magnesite and AR g grade basic MgCO3 calcinated in the range of 500-1000 degrees C was characterised in terms of surface area, crystallite size, morphology, and hydration rate. It was foudn that the hydration rate is dependent on the surface area and crystallite size wwhere temperature was the main variable affecting them. The most reactive MgO was produced at the lowest calcination temperature with the highest surface area and the smallest crystallite size. The basic MgO specimens showed higher degree of hydration compared to the natural mgO specimens due to the smaller surface area and larger cyrstallite size. The low MgO content of the starting natural magnesite is also attributable to the lower reactivity. This preliminary study serves as a mean to investigate poetntial utilisation of reactive MgO asa supplementary cementitious material in eco-freindly cements.

Liu, B, Thomas, PS, Ray, AS, Williams, RP & Donne, SW 2007, 'DSC characterisation of chemically reduced electrolytic manganese dioxide', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 177-180.
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The thermal decomposition of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), in an inert atmosphere, and the effect of chemical reduction on EMD, using 2-propanol under reflux (82 degrees C), was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). This study

Liu, PY, Beilin, J, Meier, C, Nguyen, TV, Center, JR, Leedman, PJ, Seibel, MJ, Eisman, JA & Handelsman, DJ 2007, 'Age-Related Changes in Serum Testosterone and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Australian Men: Longitudinal Analyses of Two Geographically Separate Regional Cohorts', The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 92, no. 9, pp. 3599-3603.
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Abstract Background: Cross-sectional studies from different populations show a variable decline in blood testosterone concentrations as men age. Few population representative cohorts have been followed up over time. Objective: The objective of the study was to quantify longitudinally the change in serum testosterone and SHBG concentrations with age in two well-defined, representative but geographically widely separated regional Australian cohorts. Subjects and Setting: The Busselton cohort comprises individuals aged 18–90 yr residing in Western Australia assessed prospectively since 1981. Sera were assayed from 910 men, from whom further samples were available 14 yr later in 480. The Dubbo cohort involves individuals aged 61–90 yr living in Eastern Australia. Baseline sera were collected from 610 men and additional sera on a second (n = 370) and third (n = 200) occasion from 1989 to 2004. Men from both cohorts are community dwelling and of predominately European origin. Results: Longitudinal analyses show the following: 1) total testosterone declines comparably (P &gt; 0.9) by 1.3% (Busselton) and 0.9% (Dubbo) per annum with the same rates of decline when analyses were restricted to men older than 60 yr of age; 2) annual changes in SHBG were also very similar in age-restricted analyses (2.3% vs. 2.5%, P = 0.48); and 3) the annual increase in SHBG was steeper in middle-aged and older men (P &lt; 10−3vs. young men). These longitudinal changes were all up to 4-fold greater in magnitude, compared with cross-sectional analyses of baseline data. Conclusion: In two separate regional Australian populations, blood testosterone fell and SHBG increased comparably with age. Age-related changes in blood testosterone and SHBG previously described in urban-dwelling men are the same in me...

Liu, RP, Rogers, G, Zhou, S & Zic, J 2007, 'Topology control with Hexagonal Tessellation', International Journal of Sensor Networks, vol. 2, no. 1/2, pp. 91-91.
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Geographic Adaptive Fidelity (GAF) is an important topology control approach in Wireless Sensor Networks. It extends the system lifetime by exploiting node redundancy However, the properties of the square grid in GAF have not been fully studied. This pape shows that there exists an unreachable corner in the GAF grid architecture. Using an analytica model, we are able to calculate the unreachable probability and analyse its impacts on dat delivery. We propose to replace the square grid of GAF with Hexagonal Tessellation (GAF-h) We then proceed to prove that GAF-h is able to achieve zero loss with little extra cost when compared to the original scheme. A node association algorithm is also proposed for efficien implementation. This algorithm is proved to integrate with the original GAF protocol with little computing overhead. © 2007 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Liu, X, Liu, W, Yang, L, Xia, B, Li, J, Zuo, J & Li, X 2007, 'Increased Connexin 43 Expression Improves the Migratory and Proliferative Ability of H9c2 Cells by Wnt-3a Overexpression', Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 391-398.
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The change of connexin 43 (Cx43) expression and the biological behaviors of Cx43 in rat heart cell line H9c2, expressing Wnt-3a (wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 3A), were evaluated in the present study. Plasmid pcDNA3.1/Wnt-3a was constructed and transferred into H9c2 cells. The cell model Wnt-3a(+)-H9c2 steadily expressing Wnt-3a was obtained. Compared with H9c2 and pcDNA3.1-H9c2 cells, the expression of Cx43 in Wnt-3a(+)-H9c2 cells was clearly increased, the proliferation of Wnt-3a(+)-H9c2 cells was significantly changed, and cell migration abilities were also improved(P<0.05). In comparison with H9c2 and pcDNA3.1-H9c2 cells, the G2 phase of the cell cycle increased by 11% in Wnt-3a(+)-H9c2 cells. Thus, Wnt-3a overexpression is associated with an increase in Cx43 expression and altered migratory and proliferative activity in H9c2 cells. Cx43 might be one of the downstream target genes regulated by Wnt-3a.

Loganathan, P, Bretherton, MR & Hedley, MJ 2007, 'Effect of soil cultivation and winter pugging on fluorine distribution in soil profiles under pasture following long-term applications of phosphate fertilisers', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL RESEARCH, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 41-47.
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In situations where large amounts of soil are ingested, elevated fluorine (F) concentrations in topsoil under pasture may pose a potential F risk to grazing livestock. A study conducted on a Pallic Soil (Aeric Fragiaqualf in US Soil Taxonomy) under pasture in New Zealand showed that 21 years of annual applications of phosphate fertilisers (mostly single superphosphate; mean P rate of 27 kg/ha.year; 1985-2005) significantly increased total soil F concentrations down to 150 mm soil depth but had no effect at 180-210 mm depth. The topsoil (0-30 mm depth) F concentration increased from 140 to approximately 210 mg F/kg. For agricultural soils, these topsoil F concentrations are low and are unlikely to present any risk of chronic F toxicity to livestock at present, but continuous inputs of large amounts of F through P fertiliser applications will increase topsoil F concentrations to levels that may cause F toxicity in the future if accompanied by large amounts of soil ingestion. Cultivation of soil to 150 mm depth using a mouldboard plough once every 6-9 years during pasture renovation significantly increased total soil F concentration at 60-150 mm depth but had no effect on the surface and deeper soil horizons (0-60 and 150-210 mm depths). However, the amount of post-1985 fertiliser-derived F in the 0-60 mm depth as a percentage of the total amount of post-1985 fertiliser-derived F recovered in all depths within 210 mm was less for cultivated soil (31%) than for uncultivated soil (51%), indicating that cultivation can reduce the topsoil F concentration and hence the F risk to grazing animals. Moderate winter pugging of soil caused by dairy cattle had no effect on F distribution in soil profiles. The F distribution in the surface soil horizons (0-30 and 30-60 mm depths) predicted by an empirical computer-based F model corresponded reasonably well with the measured F values. © CSIRO 2007.

Loganathan, P, Liu, Q, Hedley, MJ & Gray, CW 2007, 'Chemical fractionation of fluorine in soils with a long-term phosphate fertiliser history', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL RESEARCH, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 390-396.
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Elevated concentrations of fluorine (F) in pasture topsoils resulting from phosphorus (P) fertiliser (1-4% F) use are potentially toxic to grazing livestock if F absorption from ingested soil is high. Fluorine absorption by animals and the potential F toxicity is expected to vary depending on the chemical nature of the F in the ingested soil. In this paper we assess the solubility of F in 6 acidic topsoils (0-75 mm depth) under grazed pastures in New Zealand with widely different chemical characteristics, using a sequential soil P fractionation technique involving a cation/anion exchange resin, 0.1 m NaOH, 0.5 m H2SO4, and a residual fraction (17 m NaOH fusion). The results showed that F accumulates mainly in the NaOH-Fi fraction (inorganic F (Fi) adsorbed to Fe and Al oxides) and residual fractions (occluded F and recalcitrant organic F). In contrast, P accumulates mainly in the NaOH-Po (labile organic P fraction) and H2SO4-P (calcium phosphate compounds) fractions, with minor amounts in the NaOH-Pi fraction. The NaOH-Fo (labile organic F) fraction was not determined but the total F concentration calculated by summing all the extracted F fractions, except NaOH-Fo, was approximately equal to the total F concentration determined by NaOH fusion, indicating negligible F was in the NaOH-Fo fraction. Therefore, we suggest that the mechanisms of release of P and F in soils are different. Some of the F found in the residual fraction may have been derived from the previously extracted H2SO4-F fraction which was precipitated by the Al dissolved during H2SO4 extraction. It may therefore have been an artefact of the fractionation method. © CSIRO 2007.

López-Mariscal, C, Gutiérrez-Vega, JC, McGloin, D & Dholakia, K 2007, 'Direct detection of optical phase conjugation in a colloidal medium', Optics Express, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 6330-6330.
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Lorenz, RM, Edgar, JS, Jeffries, GDM, Zhao, Y, McGloin, D & Chiu, DT 2007, 'Vortex-Trap-Induced Fusion of Femtoliter-Volume Aqueous Droplets', Analytical Chemistry, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 224-228.
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Lu, DD-C, Liu, JCP, Poon, FNK & Pong, BMH 2007, 'A Single Phase Voltage Regulator Module (VRM) With Stepping Inductance for Fast Transient Response', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 417-424.
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Lu, H, Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Zhong, J & Jin, J 2007, 'Soft Magnetic Materials for High Frequency High Power Density Transformers in Power Electronic Systems', Academic Magazine, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 11-16.
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Along with the trends of higher and higher frequency operations and smaller and smaller physical volumes of power electronic systems, the transformers and inductors used in the power electronic systems are facing challenge to operate at high frequencies. This paper presents a survey on the soft magnetic materials used in the high frequency high power density (HFHPD) transformers and inductors in the power electronic systems. Various types of magnetic material, such as electrical sheets, soft ferrites and amorphous magnetic alloys, are reviewed. It is revealed that soft ferrites seem the most suitable for the core materials of HFHPD transformers.

Lu, H, Zhong, JJ, Guo, YG, Zhu, JG & Jin, JX 2007, 'Techniques and Apparatus for Measuring Rotational Core Losses of Soft Magnetic Materials', Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 218-225.

Lu, H, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2007, 'Calculation of Differential Inductances of a Tubular Linear PM Actuator', Journal of JSAEM, Japanese Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 15, no. Supplement, pp. 77-80.

Lu, HY, Zhu, JG & Hui, SYR 2007, 'Measurement and Modeling of Thermal Effects on Magnetic Hysteresis of Soft Ferrites', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 43, no. 11, pp. 3952-3960.
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We present experimental measurement of thermal effects on magnetic hysteresis of soft ferrite cores commonly used in high-frequency inductors and transformers and propose a method to model the thermal effects. We measured the major hysteresis loops of so

Lu, HY, Zhu, JG, Guo, YG & Hui, SYR 2007, 'A Practical Circuit Model of High Frequency Transformers in Power Electronic Systems', Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 211-223.
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Lu, J & Ruan, D 2007, 'Intelligent knowledge engineering systems - Preface', KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 437-438.
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Lu, J, Ma, J & Zhang, G 2007, 'Warning message generation by information filtering techniques', International Journal of Nuclear Knowledge Management, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 435-435.
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This paper proposes a two-stage model for generating warning messages by using information filtering techniques. In this model, information is represented by its attributes and processed through two stages. At the first stage, exceptions are separated from normal information by the cognitive filtering technique. At the second stage, a warning message is generated from critical exceptions by the collaborative filtering approach. An example is discussed to illustrate the proposed model.

Lu, J, Ruan, D, Wu, F & Zhang, G 2007, 'An alpha-fuzzy goal approximate algorithm for solving fuzzy multiple objective linear programming problems', SOFT COMPUTING, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 259-267.
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Multiple conflicting objectives in many decision making problems can be well described by multiple objective linear programming (MOLP) models. This paper deals with the vague and imprecise information in a multiple objective problem by fuzzy numbers to represent parameters of an MOLP model. This so-called fuzzy MOLP (or FMOLP) model will reflect some uncertainty in the problem solution process since most decision makers often have imprecise goals for their decision objectives. This study proposes an approximate algorithm based on a fuzzy goal optimization under the satisfactory degree α to handle both fuzzy and imprecise issues. The concept of a general fuzzy number is used in the proposed algorithm for an FMOLP problem with fuzzy parameters. As a result, this algorithm will allow decision makers to provide fuzzy goals in any form of membership functions. © Springer-Verlag 2006.

Lu, J, Ruan, D, Zhang, G & Zimmermann, H-J 2007, 'Editorial: A special issue on e-service intelligence', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 397-400.
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Lu, J, Shi, C, Zhang, G & Dillon, T 2007, 'Model and extended Kuhn-Tucker approach for bilevel multi-follower decision making in a referential-uncooperative situation', JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 597-608.
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When multiple followers are involved in a bilevel decision problem, the leader's decision will be affected, not only by the reactions of these followers, but also by the relationships among these followers. One of the popular situations within this bilev

Lu, J, Shi, C, Zhang, G & Ruan, D 2007, 'An extended branch and bound algorithm for bilevel multi-follower decision making in a referential-uncooperative situation', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & DECISION MAKING, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 371-388.
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Within the framework of any bilevel decision problem, a leader's decision at the upper level is influenced by the reaction of their follower at the lower level. When multiple followers are involved in a bilevel decision problem, the leader's decision will not only be affected by the reactions of those followers, but also by the relationships among those followers. One of the popular situations within this framework is where these followers are uncooperatively making decisions while having cross reference of decision information, called a referential-uncooperative situation in this paper. The well-known branch and bound algorithm has been successfully applied to a one-leader-and-one-follower linear bilevel decision problem. This paper extends this algorithm to deal with the abovementioned linear bilevel multi-follower decision problem by means of a linear referential-uncooperative bilevel multi-follower decision model. It then proposes an extended branch and bound algorithm to solve this problem with a set of illustrative examples in a referential-uncooperative situation. © World Scientific Publishing Company.

Lu, J, Wu, F & Zhang, G 2007, 'On a generalized fuzzy goal optimization for solving fuzzy multi-objective linear programming problems', JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 83-97.
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Many organizational decision problems can be formulated by multi-objective linear programming (MOLP) models. Referring to the imprecision inherent in human judgments, uncertainty may be incorporated in the parameters of an MOLP model when it is established, which is called a Fuzzy MOLP (FMOLP) problem. What is an optimal solution for an FMOLP problem is the first issue to deal with in this study. The second issue is how to effectively derive an optimal solution for an FMOLP problem since uncertainty is also reflected in a solution process of an FMOLP problem. By introducing three types of comparison of fuzzy numbers and an adjustable satisfactory degree alpha in this study, a new solution concept of FMOLP is given. For handling the second issue, this study develops an interactive fuzzy goal optimization method which provides an interactive fashion with decision makers during their solution process and allows decision makers to give their fuzzy goals in any forms of membership functions. An illustrative example gives the details of the solution concept and the proposed method.

Lu, J, Zhang, G, Ruan, D & Wu, F 2007, 'Multi-Objective Group Decision Making'.
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Lu, S, Zhang, J & Dagan Feng, D 2007, 'Detecting unattended packages through human activity recognition and object association', Pattern Recognition, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 2173-2184.
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This paper provides a novel approach to detect unattended packages in public venues. Different from previous works on this topic which are mostly limited to detecting static objects where no human is nearby, we provide a solution which can detect an unat

Luo, Q & Tong, L 2007, 'A segment based sequential least squares algorithm with optimum energy control for tracking the dynamic shapes of smart structures', Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1517-1526.
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Luo, Q & Tong, L 2007, 'Closed Form Solutions for Nonlinear Analysis of Single-Sided Bonded Composite Patch Repairs', AIAA Journal, vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 2957-2965.
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Luo, Q & Tong, L 2007, 'Fully-coupled nonlinear analysis of single lap adhesive joints', International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 44, no. 7-8, pp. 2349-2370.
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Luo, Z, Tong, L, Wang, MY & Wang, S 2007, 'Shape and topology optimization of compliant mechanisms using a parameterization level set method', Journal of Computational Physics, vol. 227, no. 1, pp. 680-705.
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In this paper, a parameterization level set method is presented to simultaneously perform shape and topology optimization of compliant mechanisms. The structural shape boundary is implicitly embedded into a higher-dimensional scalar function as its zero

Ma, J, Ruan, D, Xu, Y & Zhang, G 2007, 'A fuzzy-set approach to treat determinacy and consistency of linguistic terms in multi-criteria decision making', International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 165-181.
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A fuzzy-set-based approach is presented to describe linguistic information in multi-criteria decision making. After having introduced concepts of determinacy and consistency of linguistic terms, the understandable degree and consistence degree of linguistic terms are illustrated by these two concepts. A case study is demonstrated for the proposed decision-making model with an analytical conclusion of both advantages and disadvantages. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ma, J, Ruan, D, Xu, Y & Zhang, G 2007, 'Erratum to “A fuzzy-set approach to treat determinacy and consistency of linguistic terms in multi-criteria decision making” [Int. J. Approx. Reason. 44 (2007) 165–181]', International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 254-254.
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Machiraju, S, Veitch, D, Baccelli, F & Bolot, JC 2007, 'Adding definition to active probing', ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 17-28.
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Active probing techniques have overwhelmingly been based on a few key heuristics. To progress to the next level a more powerful approach is needed, which is capable of filtering noise effectively, designing (and defining) optimal probing strategies, and understanding fundamental limitations. We provide a probabilistic, queueing-theoretic treatment that contributes to this program in the single hop case. We provide an exact inversion method for cross traffic distributions, rigorous system identifiability results to help determine what active probing can and can't achieve, a new approach for treating queueing theoretic 'noise' based on conditioning, and cross traffic estimators with enhanced properties

Madden, C, Cheng, ED & Piccardi, M 2007, 'Tracking people across disjoint camera views by an illumination-tolerant appearance representation', Machine Vision and Applications, vol. 18, no. 3-4, pp. 233-247.
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Tracking single individuals as they move across disjoint camera views is a challenging task since their appearance may vary significantly between views. Major changes in appearance are due to different and varying illumination conditions and the deformable geometry of people. These effects are hard to estimate and take into account in real-life applications. Thus, in this paper we propose an illumination-tolerant appearance representation, which is capable of coping with the typical illumination changes occurring in surveillance scenarios. The appearance representation is based on an online k-means colour clustering algorithm, a data-adaptive intensity transformation and the incremental use of frames. A similarity measurement is also introduced to compare the appearance representations of any two arbitrary individuals. Post-matching integration of the matching decision along the individuals' tracks is performed in order to improve reliability and robustness of matching. Once matching is provided for any two views of a single individual, its tracking across disjoint cameras derives straightforwardly. Experimental results presented in this paper from a real surveillance camera network show the effectiveness of the proposed method. © Springer-Verlag 2007.

Mahlia, TMI, Taufiq, BN, Ismail & Masjuki, HH 2007, 'Correlation between thermal conductivity and the thickness of selected insulation materials for building wall', Energy and Buildings, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 182-187.
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Makovey, J, Nguyen, TV, Naganathan, V, Wark, JD & Sambrook, PN 2007, 'Genetic Effects on Bone Loss in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women: A Longitudinal Twin Study', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 1773-1780.
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Abstract This longitudinal twin study was designed to assess the heritability of bone loss in peri- and postmenopausal women. A sample of 724 female twins was studied. Baseline and repeat BMD measurements were performed. Results of genetic model-fitting analysis indicated genetic effects on bone loss account for ∼40% of the between-individual variation in bone loss at the lumbar spine, forearm, and whole body. Introduction: BMD and bone loss are important predictors of fracture risk. Although the heritability of peak BMD is well documented, it is not clear whether bone loss is also under genetic regulation. This study was designed to assess the heritability of bone loss in peri- and postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: A sample of 724 female twins (177 monozygotic [MZ] and 185 dizygotic [DZ] pairs), 45–82 yr of age, was studied. Each individual had baseline BMD measurements at the lumbar spine, hip, forearm, and total body by DXA and at least one repeat measure, on average 4.9 yr later. Change in BMD (ΔBMD) was expressed as percent of gain or loss per year. Intraclass correlation coefficients for ΔBMD were calculated for MZ and DZ pairs. Genetic model-fitting analysis was conducted to partition the total variance of ΔBMD into three components: genetic (G), common environment (C), and specific environment, including measurement error (E). The index of heritability was estimated as the ratio of genetic variance over total variance. Results: The mean annual ΔBMD was –0.37 ± 1.43% (SD) per year at the lumbar spine, −0.27 ± 1.32% at the total hip, −0.77 ± 1.66% at the total forearm, −0.36 ± 1.56% at the femoral neck, and −0.16 ± 0.81% at the whole body. Intraclass correlation coefficients were significantly higher in MZ than in DZ twins for all studied parameters, except at the hip sites. Results of genetic m...

Manoharan, V, Loganathan, P, Tillman, RW & Parfitt, RL 2007, 'Interactive effects of soil acidity and fluoride on soil solution aluminium chemistry and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) root growth', ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, vol. 145, no. 3, pp. 778-786.
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A greenhouse study was conducted to determine if concentrations of fluoride (F), which would be added to acid soils via P fertilisers, were detrimental to barley root growth. Increasing rates of F additions to soil significantly increased the soil solution concentrations of aluminium (Al) and F irrespective of the initial adjusted soil pH, which ranged from 4.25 to 5.48. High rates of F addition severely restricted root growth; the effect was more pronounced in the strongly acidic soil. Speciation calculations demonstrated that increasing rates of F additions substantially increased the concentrations of Al-F complexes in the soil. Stepwise regression analysis showed that it was the combination of the activities of AlF21+ and AlF2+ complexes that primarily controlled barley root growth. The results suggested that continuous input of F to soils, and increased soil acidification, may become an F risk issue in the future. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Marjanovic, O 2007, 'Using process-oriented, sequencing educational technologies: Some important pedagogical issues.', Comput. Hum. Behav., vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 2742-2759.
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Marjanovic, O, Skaf-Molli, H, Molli, P & Godart, C 2007, 'Deriving Process-driven Collaborative Editing Pattern from Collaborative Learning Flow Patterns.', J. Educ. Technol. Soc., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 124-135.

Marsh, DM & Sharma, D 2007, 'Energy-water nexus: An integrated modeling approach', International Energy Journal, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 235-242.
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Energy and water are essential for physical, social and economic wellbeing. In recent times, changes to the energy and water industries, brought about by industry reform, environmental considerations and strategies to meet future demand have brought into sharp focus the link between the two - termed energy-water nexus in this paper. The recent emergence of the phenomenon as a critical issue signifies that understanding of the nature of the nexus and models to assist in analyzing it are still being developed. A review of the models indicates that, whilst providing useful tools for localized contexts, the methodologies adopted limit the suitability for policy analysis at an economy-wide level. A more integrated approach, based on input-output analysis, would provide such a framework, and is the basis for an energy-water model presented in this paper. Whilst the model has been developed for New South Wales, Australia, it may be adopted by regions elsewhere, where energy and water industries are being similarly transformed.

Maskaoui, K, Hibberd, A & Zhou, JL 2007, 'Assessment of the Interaction between Aquatic Colloids and Pharmaceuticals Facilitated by Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 41, no. 23, pp. 8038-8043.
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Interactions between pharmaceuticals and aquatic colloids are a key process regulating their environmental fate, but poorly understood. A validated cross-flow ultrafiltration (CFUF) system was used to isolate river colloids and to determine the partition of selected pharmaceuticals between colloidal (>1 kDa but <0.7 μm) and dissolved phases (<1 kDa) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The kinetics of pharmaceutical binding to colloids was rapid, reaching equilibrium within 5 min. The mass balance of chosen pharmaceuticals through CFLUF system was satisfactory for propranolol, sulfamethoxazole, meberverine, carbamazepine, indomethacine, diclofenac, and meclofenamic acid. The partition coefficient normalized to colloidal organic carbon content (Kcoc) varied from 5.45 × 104 to 7.54 × 105 mL/g for the chosen pharmaceuticals, which are greater than those for endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), suggesting substantially stronger colloidal interactions with pharmaceuticals than with EDCs. Linear relationships were demonstrated between log-Kcoc and pharmaceutical properties such as log Kow (octanol-water partition coefficient), highlighting the importance of compound hydrophobicity in controlling their binding with colloids. Such a finding is in contrast to that for EDCs whose Kcoc values were independent of their Kow values. The CFUF-LC-MS technique has the potential to become a widely applicable tool for quantifying the distribution of emerging organic pollutants between nanoparticles and the dissolved phase. © 2007 American Chemical Society.

Maskaoui, K, Hu, Z, Zhou, J & Han, Y 2007, 'Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in main aquacultural areas in Guangdong, China', Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 166-173.
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The environmental quality status of Daya Bay (22.56-22.77°N, 114.51-114.73°E), a main aquaculture area in Guangdong of China, was investigated using 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) sediment samples of the bay. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs varied from 115 to 1 134 ng/g dry weight. The PAH composition pattern in sediments suggest dominance of 4-ring PAHs in Sites 2 and 4, and the ratio of certain related PAHs indicated important pyrolytic and petrogenic sources. The results enhance the understanding of current contamination levels and make a better assessment of likely impacts of organic contamination on ecosystems and the sustainability of local aquaculture in the area especially after the establishment of the Nuclear Power Station by the bay. © 2007 Science Press.

McBride, T, Henderson‐Sellers, B & Zowghi, D 2007, 'Software development as a design or a production project', Journal of Enterprise Information Management, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 70-82.
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PurposeThe paper seeks to investigate whether project managers regard software development projects as design problems or production problems.Design/methodology/approachProject management literature was examined to determine what evidence there should be to indicate whether a software development project was regarded as a problem to be solved or a product to be produced. Data were then collected through structured interview of project managers currently engaged in managing software development projects. The data were analysed to determine how project managers regarded their projects and whether this matched a theoretical expectation.FindingsThe empirical data indicated that most project managers regard their projects as production problems, where it is assumed that the underlying problem is largely understood, the project encapsulated in a planned schedule of activities and there will be an emphasis on monitoring the project against the planned progress.Research limitations/implicationsOwing to the small sample size of fewer than 30 project managers, external validity is weak. More research is needed to confirm these results over a larger sample and to probe more subtle orientation to production or design projects.Practical implicationsThe research developed a simple test to indicate the degree of novelty of the application to be developed. The test indicates whether the application is novel and should be treated as a design problem, or well known and therefore should be treated as a production problem.

McGregor, C 2007, 'A Framework for the Design of Web Service Based Clinical Management Systems to Support Inter and Intra Organizational Patient Journeys', International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 21-35.
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The clinical management of premature and ill term babies is challenged by the necessity of several inter and intra organizational patient journeys. Premature and ill-term babies born in regional Australia and Canada must be moved to another hospital with Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) facilities. NICU babies requiring surgery must be moved to a Level IV NICU for surgery. Current clinical management supports the transfer of limited patient data via paper or telephone exchange. In this article a framework for the design of Web-service-based clinical management systems to support inter and intra organizational patient journeys is presented. A series of Web services are described and integrated and coordinated through BPEL processes enabling greater support for inter- and intra-organizational transfer of patient data. This framework is demonstrated through a NICU case study. A key benefit of this framework is that it enables the establishment of “on demand” patient journeys eliminating the need to establish permanent point-to-point connections.

McGregor, C, Kneale, B & Tracy, M 2007, 'On-demand Virtual Neonatal Intensive Care units supporting rural, remote and urban healthcare with Bush Babies Broadband', Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1309-1323.
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Memon, LA, Mahlia, TMI & Masjuki, HH 2007, 'A Review on Fuel Economy Standards and Labels for Motor Vehicles: Implementation Possibility in Pakistan', Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 626-632.
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This research investigates the possibilities of potential savings and reduction in Green House Gas (GHG) emissions caused by road transport in general and private cars in particular. Private cars use a large share of the transport fuel, thus these are the major and ever increasing contributor to the GHG emissions. An extensive review of international experiences on fuel economy standards and labels, in order to encounter the problem, is carried. The possibilities of the implementation of fuel economy standards and labels for motor vehicles in Pakistan are examined. Based on the studies carried out in developed countries, results have shown that the implementation of fuel economy standards and labels for motor vehicles in developing countries like Pakistan would be beneficial for the society, government as well as environment. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.

Merigó Lindahl, JM & Gil Lafuente., AM 2007, 'UNIFICATION POINT IN METHODS FOR THE SELECTION OF FINANCIAL PRODUCTS', FUZZY ECONOMIC REVIEW, vol. 12, no. 01, pp. 35-50.
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In this paper, we analyse in detail the selection of financial products. We apply the index of maximum and minimum level for the selection of financial products and we analyse what we have called the unification point between the Hamming distance and the adequacy coefficient. First, we study this situation for the case of maximum levels in the characteristics of the ideal financial product. Then, we generalize it for all the possible situations where it can be found. Finally, we study the unification point in the index of maximum and minimum level. The result found shows a transformation of this index into the Hamming distance.

Merz, S, Oberst, S, Dyleiko, PG, Kessissoglou, N, Tso, YK & Marburg, S 2007, 'Document Development of coupled FE/BE models to investigate the structural and acoustic responses of a submerged vessel', Journal of Computational Acoustics, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 23-47.

Milne, G, Dholakia, K, McGloin, D, Volke-Sepulveda, K & Zemánek, P 2007, 'Transverse particle dynamics in a Bessel beam', Optics Express, vol. 15, no. 21, pp. 13972-13972.
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Mitchell, R, Sherker, S, Cavanagh, M & Eager, D 2007, 'Falls from playground equipment: will the new Australian playground safety standard make a difference and how will we tell?', Health Promotion Journal of Australia, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 98-104.
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Issue addressed: This study describes the trend in incidence of hospitalised falls from playground equipment of children aged 14 years or less in New South Wales (NSW) and considers the potential effectiveness of playground safety standards in reducing the impact of playground-related injuries. Method: Hospitalisations of children aged 14 years or less following a fall from playground equipment were identified from the NSW hospitalisation data for the financial years 1992/93 to 2003/04 and described. Results: During 1992/93 to 2003/04 there were 16,828 hospitalisations of children aged 0-14 years as a result of a fall from playground equipment, at a rate of 106.6 per 100,000 children. The incidence of hospitalisation increased from 83.3 to 130.3 per 100,000 children between 1992/93 to 2003/04. Males aged 5-9 years had the highest rate of hospitalisation at 198.4 per 100,000 children. Injury type varied by age group, but injuries to the elbow and forearm were common for all age groups. The rate of upper limb fractures that resulted in hospitalisation increased, while the rate of serious head injuries decreased. Conclusions: While severe head injuries have declined between 1992/93 to 2003/04, the increasing trend of upper limb fractures is of concern. Many factors need to be taken into account to assess the effectiveness of playground safety standards. The collection of exposure data is also crucial to be able to calculate the true risk associated with childhood falls from playground equipment.

Nghiem, LD & Hawkes, S 2007, 'Effects of membrane fouling on the nanofiltration of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs): Mechanisms and role of membrane pore size', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 176-184.
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Nguyen, HT, Nguyen Thanh, S, Taylor, PW & Middleton, J 2007, 'Head Direction Command Classification using an Adaptive Optimal Bayesian Neural Network', International Journal of Factory Automation, Robotics and Soft Computing, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 98-103.
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Mobility has become very important for our quality of life. Head movement is a natural form of pointing and can be used to directly replace the joystick for severely disabled people. In this paper, we describe the development of an optimal Bayesian neural network for the classification of head direction commands in a hands-free wheelchair control system as it allows strong generalisation during the training phase and does not require a validation data set. Experimental results show that with limited training data, an adaptive optimal Bayesian neural network can be developed to classify head direction commands by disabled users with a high sensitivity and specificity of 93.75% and 97.92% respectively.

Nguyen, ND, Ahlborg, HG, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2007, 'Residual Lifetime Risk of Fractures in Women and Men', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 781-788.
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Abstract In a sample of 1358 women and 858 men, ≥60 yr of age who have been followed-up for up to 15 yr, it was estimated that the mortality-adjusted residual lifetime risk of fracture was 44% for women and 25% for men. Among those with BMD T-scores ≤ −2.5, the risks increased to 65% in women and 42% in men. Introduction: Risk assessment of osteoporotic fracture is shifting from relative risk to an absolute risk approach. Whereas BMD is a primary predictor of fracture risk, there has been no estimate of mortality-adjusted lifetime risk of fracture by BMD level. The aim of the study was to estimate the residual lifetime risk of fracture (RLRF) in elderly men and women. Materials and Methods: Data from 1358 women and 858 men ≥60 yr of age as of 1989 of white background from the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study were analyzed. The participants have been followed for up to 15 yr. During the follow-up period, incidence of low-trauma, nonpathological fractures, confirmed by X-ray and personal interview, were recorded. Incidence of mortality was also recorded. BMD at the femoral neck was measured by DXA (GE-LUNAR) at baseline. Residual lifetime risk of fracture from the age of 60 was estimated by the survival analysis taking into account the competing risk of death. Results: After adjusting for competing risk of death, the RLRF for women and men from age 60 was 44% (95% CI, 40–48) and 25% (95% CI, 19–31), respectively. For individuals with osteoporosis (BMD T-scores ≤ −2.5), the mortality-adjusted lifetime risk of any fracture was 65% (95% CI, 58–73) for women and 42% (95% CI, 24–71) for men. For the entire cohort, the lifetime risk of hip fracture was 8.5% (95% CI, 6–11%) for women and 4% (95% CI, 1.3–5.4%) for men; risk of symptomatic vertebral fracture was 18% (95% CI, 15–21%) for women and 11% (95% CI, 7–14%) f...

Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2007, 'Bone Loss, Weight Loss, and Weight Fluctuation Predict Mortality Risk in Elderly Men and Women', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 22, no. 8, pp. 1147-1154.
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Abstract Low baseline BMD, rate of BMD loss, weight loss, and weight fluctuation are significant predictors of all-cause mortality in elderly men and women, independent of each other and of age, incident fracture, and concomitant diseases. Introduction: Although low BMD has been shown to be associated with mortality in women, the effect of BMD is affected by weight and weight change and the contribution of these factors to mortality risk, particularly in men, is not known. This study examined the association between baseline BMD, rate of bone loss, weight loss, and weight fluctuation and all-cause mortality risk in elderly men and women. Materials and Methods: Data from 1059 women and 644 men, ≥60 years of age (as of 1989), of white background who participated in the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study were analyzed. All-cause mortality was recorded annually between 1989 and 2004. BMD at the femoral neck was measured by DXA (GE-LUNAR) at baseline and at approximately every 2 yr afterward. Data on incident osteoporotic fractures and concomitant diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, all types of cancer, and type I/II diabetes mellitus, was also recorded. Results: In the multivariable Cox's proportional hazards model with adjustment for age, incident fractures, and concomitant diseases, the following variables were independent risk factors of all-cause mortality in men: rate of BMD loss of at least 1%/yr, rate of weight loss of at least 1%/yr, and weight fluctuation (defined by the CV) of at least 3%. In women, in addition to the significant factors observed in men, lower baseline BMD was also an independent risk factor of mortality. In both sexes, baseline weight was not an independent and significant predictor of mortality risk. Approximately 36% and 22% of deaths in women and men, respectively, were att...

Nguyen, ND, Eisman, JA, Center, JR & Nguyen, TV 2007, 'Risk Factors for Fracture in Nonosteoporotic Men and Women', The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 955-962.
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Context and Objective: It is not known which factors are associated with fracture in nonosteoporotic elderly. The aim of this study was to assess the association between fall-related risk factors and fracture risk in men and women without osteoporosis. D

Nguyen, ND, Frost, SA, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2007, 'Development of a nomogram for individualizing hip fracture risk in men and women', Osteoporosis International, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 1109-1117.
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Nguyen, ND, Wang, CY, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2007, 'On the association between statin and fracture: A Bayesian consideration', Bone, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 813-820.
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Background: The association between statin use and fracture risk is controversial, due to conflicting findings from previous studies. This study utilized the Bayesian approach to combine existing evidence and update the association with consideration of

Nguyen, TV 2007, 'Individualization of osteoporosis risk', Osteoporosis International, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 1153-1156.
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Nguyen, TV, Meier, C, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Seibel, MJ 2007, 'Bone turnover in elderly men: relationships to change in bone mineral density', BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 8, no. 1.
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Background: It is not clear whether bone turnover markers can be used to make inference regarding changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in untreated healthy elderly men. The present study was designed to address three specific questions: (i) is there a r

Ni, B-J & Yu, H-Q 2007, 'A new kinetic approach to microbial storage process', Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 76, no. 6, pp. 1431-1438.
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Ni, B-J & Yu, H-Q 2007, 'Model-based analysis on growth of activated sludge in a sequencing batch reactor', Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 77, no. 3, pp. 723-731.
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Nimbalkar, S & Choudhury, D 2007, 'Sliding stability and seismic design of retaining wall by pseudo-dynamic method for passive case', Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 497-505.
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O’Dowd, BF, Alijaniaram, M, Ji, X, Nguyen, T, Eglen, RM & George, SR 2007, 'Using Ligand-Induced Conformational Change to Screen for Compounds Targeting G-Protein-Coupled Receptors', SLAS Discovery, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 175-185.
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The authors describe a novel drug strategy designed as a primary screen to discover either antagonist or agonist compounds targeting G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The incorporation of a nuclear localization sequence (NLS, a 5 amino acid substitution), in a location in helix 8 of the GPCR structure, resulted in ligand-independent receptor translocation from the cell surface to the nucleus. Blockade of the GPCR-NLS translocation from the cell surface was achieved by either antagonist or agonist treatments, each achieving their result in a sensitive concentration-dependent manner. GPCR-NLS translocation and blockade occurred regardless of the identity of the G-protein-coupling, and thus this assay is also ideally suited for identification of compounds targeting orphan GPCRs. The GPCR-NLS trafficking was visualized by fusion to fluorescent detectable proteins. Quantification of this effect was measured by determining the density of cell surface receptors, using enzyme fragment complementation in a manner suitable for high-throughput screening. Thus, the authors have developed a cellular assay for GPCRs suitable for compound screening without requiring prior identification of an agonist or knowledge of G-protein-coupling.

Onishi, A, Thomas, PS, Stuart, BH, Guerbois, JP & Forbes, S 2007, 'TG-MS characterisation of pig bone in an inert atmosphere', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 405-409.
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A challenge for forensic examiners is the ageing and characterisation of bone fragments or decomposed skeletal remains. Due to the sensitivity of thermal methods to morphological states, thermal analysis has been selected as a technique which could overcome the difficulties. In this preliminary study, TG-MS was applied to the characterisation of bone fragments derived from the compact bone of pig rib specimens. TG-MS curves were collected by heating bone samples to 1000 degrees C in an argon atmosphere. under these conditions, both the organic and inorganic phases decomposed, producing a variety of organic fragments and carbon dioxide. Pyrolysis of the organic phase, which is composed predominantly of collagen, occurred resulting in the observation of ion fragments up to 110 amu. Selected fragments were monited and their observation is discussed in terms of the decomposition of both the collagen phase and the inorganic carbonated hydroxyapatite phase.

Pan, W & Hawryszkiewycz, I 2007, 'Facilitating knowledge construction by customized supportive services', Education and Information Technologies, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 245-265.
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The research describes how individual learners construct knowledge in online environments. It then outlines the services needed to assist learners and ways they can be provided using software agents.

Pang, BC, Kuralmani, V, Joshi, R, Hongli, Y, Lee, KK, Ang, BT, Li, J, Leong, TY & Ng, I 2007, 'Hybrid Outcome Prediction Model for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury', Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 136-146.
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Numerous studies addressing different methods of head injury prognostication have been published. Unfortunately, these studies often incorporate different head injury prognostication models and study populations, thus making direct comparison difficult, if not impossible. Furthermore, newer artificial intelligence tools such as machine learning methods have evolved in the field of data analysis, alongside more traditional methods of analysis. This study targets the development of a set of integrated prognostication model combining different classes of outcome and prognostic factors. Methodologies such as discriminant analysis, logistic regression, decision tree, Bayesian network, and neural network were employed in the study. Several prognostication models were developed using prospectively collected data from 513 severe closed head-injured patients admitted to the Neurocritical Unit at National Neuroscience Institute of Singapore, from April 1999 to February 2003. The correlation between prognostic factors at admission and outcome at 6 months following injury was studied. Overfitting error, which may falsely distinguish different outcomes, was compared graphically. Tenfold cross-validation technique, which reduces overfitting error, was used to validate outcome prediction accuracy. The overall prediction accuracy achieved ranged from 49.79% to 81.49%. Consistently high outcome prediction accuracy was seen with logistic regression and decision tree. Combining both logistic regression and decision tree models, a hybrid prediction model was then developed. This hybrid model would more accurately predict the 6-month post-severe head injury outcome using baseline admission parameters. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

Park, J, Kang, D, Kim, J, Kwok, JT & Tsang, IW 2007, 'SVDD-Based Pattern Denoising', Neural Computation, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1919-1938.
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The support vector data description (SVDD) is one of the best-known one-class support vector learning methods, in which one tries the strategy of using balls defined on the feature space in order to distinguish a set of normal data from all other possible abnormal objects. The major concern of this letter is to extend the main idea of SVDD to pattern denoising. Combining the geodesic projection to the spherical decision boundary resulting from the SVDD, together with solving the preimage problem, we propose a new method for pattern denoising. We first solve SVDD for the training data and then for each noisy test pattern, obtain its denoised feature by moving its feature vector along the geodesic on the manifold to the nearest decision boundary of the SVDD ball. Finally we find the location of the denoised pattern by obtaining the pre-image of the denoised feature. The applicability of the proposed method is illustrated by a number of toy and real-world data sets.

Petrie, J, Cohen, B & Stewart, M 2007, 'Decision support frameworks and metrics for sustainable development of minerals and metals', Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 133-145.
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Pietroni, N, Otaduy, MA, Bickel, B, Ganovelli, F & Gross, MH 2007, 'Texturing Internal Surfaces from a Few Cross Sections.', Comput. Graph. Forum, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 637-644.
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We introduce a new appearance-modeling paradigm for synthesizing the internal structure of a 3D model from photographs of a few cross-sections of a real object. When the internal surfaces of the 3D model are revealed as it is cut, carved, or simply clipped, we synthesize their texture from the input photographs. Our texture synthesis algorithm is best classified as a morphing technique, which efficiently outputs the texture attributes of each surface point on demand. For determining source points and their weights in the morphing algorithm, we propose an interpolation domain based on BSP trees that naturally resembles planar splitting of real objects. In the context of the interpolation domain, we define efficient warping and morphing operations that allow for real-time synthesis of textures. Overall, our modeling paradigm, together with its realization through our texture morphing algorithm, allow users to author 3D models that reveal highly realistic internal surfaces in a variety of artistic flavors. © 2007 The Eurographics Association and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Pongchaiyakul, C, Nguyen, TV, Wanothayaroj, E, Karusan, N & Klungboonkrong, V 2007, 'Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its relationship to weight in the Thai population.', J Med Assoc Thai, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 459-467.
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BACKGROUND: Although the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been well-documented in Western Caucasian populations, there are few studies in non-Caucasian populations. The objectives of the present study were to estimate the prevalence of MetS and to find an optimal BMI cut-off value for defining obesity in the Thai population. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A sample of 307 men and 295 healthy women aged between 20 and 90 years (average age of 45 years) who came for a health check-up clinic in Khon Kaen, a northeast province of Thailand, were studied. The present study was conducted between 2003 and 2004. The modified ATP III criteria were used to estimate the age-and-sex specific prevalence of MetS, in which a BMI of > or = 27 kg/m(2) for men and 25 kg/m(2) for women were used in place of waist circumference. In the Thai population, these BMI cut-offs were equivalent to a percent body fat of 25% and 35% in men and women respectively. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of MetS was 15%, with no significant differences between men (15.3%) and women (14.6%). In men, the prevalence increased from 9.5% among the 20-39 age group to 24.7% among the 50+ age groups. In women, the respective prevalence was 7% and 29.5%. When BMI was removed from the classification ofMetS, the overall prevalence of 'MetS-without-BMI' (still defined by the presence of at least 3 abnormalities) in both men and women was 7.8%. However the prevalence of MetS-without-BMI increased with higher BMI levels: among those with BMI < 25, the prevalence was 4.6% in men and 5.0% in women; among those with BMI > or = 25, the prevalence was 13% in men and 16% in women. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MetS in this semi-rural Thai population was 15%, which is as common as in Caucasian populations. In the Thai population, obesity was a major component of MetS.

Pongchaiyakul, C, Panichkul, S, Songpatanasilp, T & Nguyen, TV 2007, 'A nomogram for predicting osteoporosis risk based on age, weight and quantitative ultrasound measurement', Osteoporosis International, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 525-531.
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Pradhan, B, Dini Hairi Bin Suliman, M & Arshad Bin Awang, M 2007, 'Forest fire susceptibility and risk mapping using remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS)', Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 344-352.
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PurposeIn a tropical country like Malaysia, forest fire is a very common natural and man‐made disaster that prevails in the whole South East Asian region throughout the year. Recently, the haze problem in Malaysia has created a lot of awareness among the government and eco‐tourism sectors. Therefore, detection of the hotspot is very important to delineate the forest fire susceptibility mapping. In this study, remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) have been used to evaluate forest fire susceptibility at Sungai Karang and Raja Muda Musa Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia. Frequency ratio model has been applied for the delineation of forest fire mapping for the study area.Design/methodology/approachForest fire locations were identified in the study area from historical hotspots data from year 2000 to 2005 using AVHRR NOAA 12 and NOAA 16 satellite images. Various other supported data such as soil map, topographic data, and agro climate were collected and created using GIS. These data were constructed into a spatial database using GIS. The factors that influence fire occurrence, such as fuel type and Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI), were extracted from classified Landsat‐7 ETM imagery. Slope and aspect of topography were calculated from topographic database. Soil type was extracted from soil database and dry month code from agroclimate data. Forest fire susceptibility was analyzed using the forest fire occurrence factors by likelihood ratio method.FindingsA new statistical method has been applied for the forest fire susceptibility mapping. The results of the analysis were verified using forest fire location data with the help of a newly written programming code. ...

Pradhan, B, Sandeep, K, Mansor, S, Rahman Ramli, A & Sharif, ARBM 2007, 'Second generation wavelets based GIS terrain data compression using Delaunay triangulation', Engineering Computations, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 200-213.
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PurposeIn GIS applications for a realistic representation of a terrain a great number of triangles are needed that ultimately increases the data size. For online GIS interactive programs it has become highly essential to reduce the number of triangles in order to save more storing space. Therefore, there is need to visualize terrains at different levels of detail, for example, a region of high interest should be in higher resolution than a region of low or no interest. Wavelet technology provides an efficient approach to achieve this. Using this technology, one can decompose a terrain data into hierarchy. On the other hand, the reduction of the number of triangles in subsequent levels should not be too small; otherwise leading to poor representation of terrain.Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposes a new computational code (please see Appendix for the flow chart and pseudo code) for triangulated irregular network (TIN) using Delaunay triangulation methods. The algorithms have proved to be efficient tools in numerical methods such as finite element method and image processing. Further, second generation wavelet techniques popularly known as “lifting schemes” have been applied to compress the TIN data.FindingsA new interpolation wavelet filter for TIN has been applied in two steps, namely splitting and elevation. In the splitting step, a triangle has been divided into several sub‐triangles and the elevation step has been used to “modify” the point values (point coordinates for geometry) after the splitting. Then, this data set is compressed at the desired locations by using second generation wavelets.Originality/va...

Qin, L, Yu, JX & Ding, B 2007, 'TwigList : Make Twig Pattern Matching Fast.', DASFAA, vol. 4443, no. 1, pp. 850-862.
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Twig pattern matching problem has been widely studied in recent years. Give an XML tree T. A twig-pattern matching query, Q, represented as a query tree, is to find all the occurrences of such twig pattern in T. Previous works like HolisticTwig and TJFast decomposed the twig pattern into single paths from root to leaves, and merged all the occurrences of such path-patterns to find the occurrences of the twig-pattern matching query, Q. Their techniques can effectively prune impossible path-patterns to avoid producing a large amount of intermediate results. But they still need to merge path-patterns which occurs high computational cost. Recently, Twig2 Stack was proposed to overcome this problem using hierarchical-stacks to further reduce the merging cost. But, due to the complex hierarchical-stacks Twig2 Stack used, Twig2 Stack may end up many random accesses in memory, and need to load the whole XML tree into memory in the worst case. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, called TwigList, which uses simple lists. Both time and space complexity of our algorithm are linear with respect to the total number of pattern occurrences and the size of XML tree. In addition, our algorithm can be easily modified as an external algorithm. We conducted extensive experimental studies using large benchmark and real datasets. Our algorithm significantly outperforms the up-to-date algorithm. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

Ray, A, Sriravindrarajah, R, Guerbois, J-P, Thomas, PS, Border, S, Ray, HN, Haggman, J & Joyce, P 2007, 'Evaluation ofwaste perlite fines in the production of construction materials', Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 279-283.
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The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) is a well established practice worldwide in the manufacture of Portland cement (PC)-based construction materials. While utilisation of industrial by-products has been successful, the potential of mining wastes is yet yo receive adequate attention in the context of construction materials. In an expanded form perlite, which is a naturally occurring, hydrated volcanic siliceous glass, is an adeal material as a lightweight aggregate for usein a wide range of construction materials including concrete. The mining and processing of the grades of perlite required for the production of lightweight aggregate results inthe cereation of a fine grained waste wjhich currently hasno economic value. This paper reports preliminary data on the utilisation of waste perlite fines as a SCM in calcium silicate-based construction material and discusses the potential of this mining waste to reduce the environmental impact of the production of conventional cement-based consturction materials.

Reeve, R, van Schaik, A, Jin, C, Hamilton, T, Torben-Nielsen, B & Webb, B 2007, 'Directional hearing in a silicon cricket', Biosystems, vol. 87, no. 2-3, pp. 307-313.
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Phonotaxis is the ability to orient towards or away from sound sources. Crickets can locate conspecifics by phonotaxis to the calling (mating) song they produce, and can evade bats by negative phonotaxis from echolocation calls. The behaviour and underlying physiology have been studied in some depth, and the auditory system solves this complex problem in a unique manner. Experiments conducted on a simulation model of the system indicated that the mechanism output a directional signal to sounds ahead at calling song frequency and to sounds behind at echolocation frequencies. We suggest that this combination of responses helps simplify later processing in the cricket. To further explore this result, an analogue, very large scale integrated (aVLSI) circuit model of the mechanism was designed and built; results from testing this agreed with the simulation. The aVLSI circuit was used to test a further hypothesis about the potential advantages of the positioning of the acoustic inputs for sound localisation during walking. There was no clear advantage to the directionality of the system in their location. The aVLSI circuitry is now being extended to use on a robot along with previously modelled neural circuitry to better understand the complete sensorimotor pathway. © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Richard, O, Iacopi, F, Bender, H & Beyer, G 2007, 'Sidewall damage in silica-based low-k material induced by different patterning plasma processes studied by energy filtered and analytical scanning TEM', MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 517-523.
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Riedel, S & Gabrys, B 2007, 'Combination of Multi Level Forecasts', The Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems for Signal, Image, and Video Technology, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 265-280.
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Roughan, M & Veitch, D 2007, 'Some remarks on unexpected scaling exponents', ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 71-74.
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Rozyn, M, Zhang, N & Dissanayake, G 2007, 'Identification of Inertial Parameters of an On-Road Vehicle', SAE Technical Paper Series, vol. 116, no. 6, pp. 1680-1687.
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During normal use vehicles are loaded in multiple configurations that directly alter their inertial properties. A method of accurately identifying and tracking these changes would benefit the many vehicle subsystems that rely on the accuracy of these parameters. In this paper a novel method is presented to determine the inertial properties of a vehicle from the measured sprung mass vibration responses, without the need of sophisticated measuring devices or specialized test rigs. After a brief description of the theoretical basis of the method, experimental results are presented which show estimation of the inertial properties is possible. The results validate the accuracy and applicability of the method and illustrate that the vehicle inertial properties can be obtained even when certain system parameters, such as damping coefficients, are assumed unknown.

Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Indraratna, B 2007, 'Analytical solutions and design curves for vacuum-assisted consolidation with both vertical and horizontal drainage', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 188-200.
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A system of vertical drains combined with vacuum preloading is an effective method for promoting radial flow to accelerate soil consolidation. This study presents the analytical modeling of the consolidation of vertical drains incorporating vacuum preloading considering both vertical and horizontal drainage. The effects of a number of dimensionless parameters involving the drain length, soil permeability, and vacuum pressure are examined through average excess pore pressure, degree of consolidation, associated settlement, and time factor analyses. An analysis of selected case histories compliments the use of the proposed solutions. Design charts are also presented for practical use.Key words: analytical solution, consolidation, design charts, vertical drains.

Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Indraratna, B 2007, 'Soft ground improvement by vacuum-assisted preloading', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 19-29.
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This paper describes the behaviour of soft soil foundation stabilized with vacuum-assisted preloading at the New Bangkok International Airport, Thailand. An analytical solution considering the variation of soil permeability and compressibility and a finite element analysis based on an equivalent plane strain model developed by the authors are employed to investigate the performance of the test embankment. The converted equivalent plane strain parameters are incorporated in the finite element code ABAQUS. The associated settlement, excess pore pressure and lateral movement are predicted and compared with the available field measurements. The data indicate that the efficiency of the prefabricated vertical drains depends on the magnitude and distribution of vacuum pressure as well as on the extent of air leak protection provided in practice. The height of sand surcharge and consolidation time are significantly reduced in comparison with the conventional method of surcharge alone. The effectiveness of this method, its economies and its merit potential are also discussed.

Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Indraratna, B & Chu, J 2007, 'Numerical modelling of soft soil stabilized by vertical drains, combining surcharge and vacuum preloading for a storage yard', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 326-342.
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This paper presents a finite element analysis of a case study of a combined vacuum and surcharge load through prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) at a storage yard at Port of Tianjin, China. The top 15 m of soil at this site was very soft to soft and needed to be improved using preloading surcharges of more than 140 kPa. To avoid any stability problems associated with a high surcharge embankment, 80 kPa vacuum pressure combined with fill surcharge was applied (40 and 58 kPa for sections I and II, respectively). A plane strain analysis was performed using equivalent permeability and transformed unit-cell geometry. The converted (equivalent) parameters were incorporated in the finite element code ABAQUS, using the modified Cam-Clay theory. The performance of a trial embankment at the site of the storage yard is predicted on the basis of a constant vacuum pressure applied on the soil surface and distributed along the length of the drain. The predictions of settlement, pore-water pressure, and lateral displacement were compared with the available field data, and an acceptable agreement was found based on this numerical approach. The combination of vacuum and surcharge load can effectively shorten the preloading period, reduce the height of the embankment, and counterbalance excessive lateral displacements.Key words: consolidation, finite element analysis, plane strain method, soil improvement, vertical drains.

Samaha, E, Lal, S, Samaha, N & Wyndham, J 2007, 'Psychological, lifestyle and coping contributors to chronic fatigue in shift‐worker nurses', Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 221-232.
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Abstract Title. Psychological, lifestyle and coping contributors to chronic fatigue in shift‐worker nurses Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to assess the following in shift‐worker nurses: (1) the relationships amongst chronic fatigue and psychological variables including anxiety, mood and locus of control; (2) the relationships amongst chronic fatigue and a number of lifestyle factors such as shiftwork, sleep and exercise; and (3) various coping behaviours that best predict chronic fatigue.Background.  In the shift‐working population, individual psychological, lifestyle and coping differences influence fatigue levels. However, some of these factors are somewhat unexplored and their relative contribution to fatigue remains poorly understood.Methods.  An exploratory design was adopted with 111 eldercare shift‐worker nurses. Data were collected during 2006. Nurses completed self‐administered questionnaires examining fatigue, anxiety, mood disturbance, locus of control, sleep, work, lifestyle and coping characteristics.Findings.  Multiple regressions showed that mood disturbance, locus of control and trait anxiety are statistically significant predictors of chronic fatigue. Poor sleep quality was the lifestyle factor which most strongly contributed to fatigue. Other lifestyle predictors included higher workload perception, lack of exercise and the non‐availability of support. Whilst problem‐focused coping behaviours were not associated with fatigue, coping by using alcohol, letting emotions out and avoiding the situation significantly predicted chronic fatigue.Conclusion.  The challenge for improving the fatigue outcomes requires further investigation of the profile of a nurse who is at a high risk ...

Samali, B, Li, J, Crews, KI & Al-dawod, M 2007, 'Load rating of impaired bridges using a dynamic method', Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 7, pp. 66-75.
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Local Government in Australia is responsible for the operational management and maintenance of over 20,000 bridges. More than 70% of these bridges comprise aging timber bridges, the load capacity and structural adequacy of many of which have been impaired over time. This is partly due to increased vehicular loads with little attention to consequence of such increases. It is now necessary to determine the load carrying capacity of these bridges using simple yet reliable methods to allow local authorities to upgrade, replace or sign post at-risk bridges. In this paper a novel dynamic based method is presented by which the in-service stiffness of the bridge is estimated first. From this stiffness the load carrying capacity of the bridge is estimated following a statistically based analysis.

Schwarz, DS, Hutvagner, G, Du, T, Xu, Z, Aronin, N & Zamore, PD 2007, 'Asymmetry in the assembly of the RNAi enzyme complex (Reprinted from Cell, vol 115, pg 199-208, 2003)', CELL, vol. 131, no. 4, pp. 30-40.
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A key step in RNA interference (RNAi) is assembly of the RISC, the protein-siRNA complex that mediates target RNA cleavage. Here, we show that the two strands of an siRNA duplex are not equally eligible for assembly into RISC. Rather, both the absolute a

Sharma, A, Bhattacharya, D & Agrawal, A 2007, 'Analytical computation of the propagation matrix for the finite-difference split-step non-paraxial method', Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 623-626.
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Sheng, D, Wriggers, P & Sloan, SW 2007, 'Application of Frictional Contact in Geotechnical Engineering', International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 176-185.
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Soil-structure interaction is traditionally simplified to prescribed boundary conditions or modeled by joint elements. Both of these approaches are limited to small and continuous relative displacements at the interface. The use of contact constraints opens up a fresh range of possibilities for geotechnical analysis, especially for cases involving large interfacial deformation. This paper demonstrates the application of computational contact mechanics in geotechnical engineering. It first outlines a general description of kinematic constraints for frictional contact and the associated numerical algorithms. A number of classical geotechnical problems are then analyzed using finite-element contact methods. These problems include a strip footing under eccentric and inclined loads and a cone penetration test. It is shown that the finite-element method with frictional contact is indeed very useful in geotechnical analysis, and can provide solutions to problems that are otherwise very difficult to analyze. © 2007 ASCE.

Shi, C, Zhou, H, Lu, J, Zhang, G & Zhang, Z 2007, 'The Kth-best approach for linear bilevel multifollower programming with partial shared variables among followers', APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION, vol. 188, no. 2, pp. 1686-1698.
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In a real world bilevel decision-making, the lower level of a bilevel decision usually involves multiple decision units. This paper proposes the Kappa th-best approach for linear bilevel multifollower programming problems with shared variables among foll

Shi, Z 2007, 'A Time Self-Decay Trust Management Algorithm for P2P Computing Security', Journal of Computer Research and Development, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 1-1.
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Shilva, Saha, SC, Kalra, J & Prasad, R 2007, 'Safety and efficacy of low‐dose MgSO₄ in the treatment of eclampsia', International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, vol. 97, no. 2, pp. 150-151.
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Shon, H, Vigneswaran, S, Kim, JH & Ngo, H 2007, 'Application of a Photocatalysis System to Wastewater: A Detailed Organic Removal of different fractions', Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, vol. 172, pp. 559-560.
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A removal of detailed organic matter by photocatalysis was investigated in terms of molecular weight (MW) distribution and fraction (hydrophobic (HP), transphilic (TP) and hydrophilic (HL)). The photooxidation with TiO, removed the majority of MW (263 daltons, 580, 865, and 43109). Effluent organic matter (EfOM) removal in wastewater was high (80%) for HP and TP components. EfOM removal from the HL fraction was however minimum, suggesting that the HL fraction may be the fraction of low activity in photocatalytic degradation. Thus, the HL fraction has to be removed from BTSE in the application of photocatalysis for the purpose of wastewater reuse

Shon, HK, Smith, PJ, Vigneswaran, S & Ngo, HH 2007, 'Effect of a hydrodynamic cleaning of a cross-flow membrane system with a novel automated approach', DESALINATION, vol. 202, no. 1-3, pp. 351-360.
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The effect of different hydraulic cleaning methods was investigated in terms of flux decline and resistance using the cross-flow UF unit. The use of varied production intervals, varied ratios of periodic relaxation and the use of a periodic high-rate cro

Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Kim, IS, Cho, J, Kim, GJ, Kim, JB & Kim, J-H 2007, 'Preparation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) from sludge produced by titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) flocculation of wastewater', ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 1372-1377.
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Sludge disposal is one of the most costly and environmentally problematic challenges of modern wastewater treatment worldwide. In this study, a new process was developed, which has a significant potential for lower cost of waste disposal, protection of the environment and public health, and yield of economically useful byproducts. Titanium oxide (TiO2), which is the most widely used metal oxide, was produced from the wastewater sludge generated by the flocculation of secondary wastewater with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). Detailed analyses were conducted to compare TiCl 4, ferric chloride (FeCl3), and aluminum sulfate (Al 2(SO4)3) flocculation. Removal of organic matter and different molecular sizes by Ti-salt flocculation was similar to that of the most widely used Fe- and Al-salt flocculation. The mean size of Ti-, Fe-, and Al-salt flocs was 47.5, 42.5, and 16.9 μm, respectively. The decantability of the settled flocs by TiCl4 coagulant was similar to that by FeCl3 coagulant and much higher than that of Al 2(SO4)3. The photocatalyst from wastewater (PFW) produced by TiCl4 flocculation was characterized by X-ray diffraction, BET surface area, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy, photocatalytic activity, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The resulting PFW was found to be superior to commercial TiO2 (P-25) in terms of photocatalytic activity and surface area. The PFW was also found to be mainly doped with C and P atoms. The atomic percentage of the PFW was TiO1.42C0.44P 0.14. © 2007 American Chemical Society.

Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Kim, J-H & Ngo, HH 2007, 'Application of hybrid photocatalysis systems coupled with flocculation and adsorption to biologically treated sewage effluent for organic removal', KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 618-623.
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The application of a photocatalysis hybrid system coupled with flocculation and adsorption in treating biologically treated sewage effluent (BTSE) was investigated. The removal of organic matter was studied in terms of dissolved organic matter (DOC), removal of hydrophobic (HP), transphilic (TP) and hydrophilic (HL) fractions, and molecular weight (MW) distribution. The photooxidation removed the majority of MW (263, 580, 865, and 43109 daltons) within the first 30 minutes of operation. The removal of MW range of organic matter of 330 daltons was low. DOC removal of HP and TP was high (80%). DOC removal from HL fraction was, however, minimum. The photocatalytic system with simultaneous PAC adsorption and FeCl3 flocculation removed the effluent organic matter (EfOM) up to 90%. Therefore, photocatalysis with the ferric chloride (FeCl3) flocculation and PAC adsorption hybrid system can be a possible option in the removal of DOC from BTSE for water reuse. © 2007 Springer.

Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH, Kim, J-H & Kandasamy, J 2007, 'Effect of flocculation as a pretreatment to photocatalysis in the removal of organic matter from wastewater', SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 388-391.
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Effects of different flocculants (chloride-based salts and ferric and ferrous salts) and initial organic concentration of wastewater on flocculation-photocatalysis hybrid process were investigated. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) adsorption alone, flocculation a

Silverman, BG, Bharathy, G, Johns, M, Eidelson, RJ, Smith, TE & Nye, B 2007, 'Sociocultural Games for Training and Analysis.', IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 1113-1130.
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Silverman, BG, Bharathy, G, Nye, B & Eidelson, RJ 2007, 'Modeling factions for 'effects based operations': part I - leaders and followers.', Comput. Math. Organ. Theory, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 379-406.
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This paper presents a synthetic approach for generating role playing simulation games intended to support analysts (and trainees) interested in testing alternative competing courses of action (operations) and discovering what effects they are likely to precipitate in potential ethno-political conflict situations. Simulated leaders and followers capable of playing these games are implemented in a cognitive modeling framework, called PMFserv, which covers value systems, personality and cultural factors, emotions, relationships, perception, stress/coping style and decision making. Of direct interest, as Sect. 1.1 explains, is mathematical representation and synthesis of best-of-breed behavioral science models within this framework to reduce dimensionality and to improve the realism and internal validity of the agent implementations. Sections 2 and 3 present this for leader profiling instruments and group membership decision-making, respectively. Section 4 serves as an existence proof that the framework has generated several training and analysis tools, and Sect. 5 concludes with lessons learned. Part II turns to the question of assessment of the synthesis and its usage in course of action studies. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.

Sirivivatnanon, V, Castel, A, Francois, R, Li, CQ & Zheng, JJ 2007, 'Propagation of reinforcement corrosion in concrete and its effects on structural deterioration - Discussion', MAGAZINE OF CONCRETE RESEARCH, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 151-154.

Smallwood, A, Thomas, PS, Ray, AS & Simon, P 2007, 'TMA and SEM characterization of the thermal dehydration of australian sedimentary opal', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 185-188.
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The dehydration of samples of a Coober Pedy, South Australian sedimentary white opal, displaying play of colour, was investigated using TMA by heating the samples of the specimen to a range of temperatures between room temperature and 1000 at 200 degrees

Stacey, M & McGregor, C 2007, 'Temporal abstraction in intelligent clinical data analysis: A survey', Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 1-24.
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Stewart, MG & Mullard, JA 2007, 'Spatial time-dependent reliability analysis of corrosion damage and the timing of first repair for RC structures', Engineering Structures, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 1457-1464.
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This paper presents a spatial time-dependent reliability analysis to predict the likelihood and extent of cracking for reinforced concrete structures exposed to chloride ion attack. A reinforced concrete surface is discretised into a large number of smaller elements and random field methods used to simulate the variability of the concrete damage over the entire area. Models predicting corrosion initiation and propagation, crack initiation and crack growth are used to track the evolution of the corrosion process for each element and thus allow the extent of damage as a function of time to be determined. A range of durability design specifications are investigated and maintenance thresholds are defined as being reached when a specified proportion of the bridge deck is damaged, say 1%. This will enable the minimum time to first repair to be estimated. The results provide a comparative tool to assist designers in selecting design specifications and possible maintenance regimes to achieve an optimal outcome in terms of service-life and life-cycle cost of the structure. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Stewart, MG, Mullard, JA, Drake, BJ & Al-Harthy, AS 2007, 'Utility of spatially variable damage performance indicators for improved safety and maintenance decisions of deteriorating infrastructure', Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 149-163.
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Corrosion of concrete and structural steel is a primary cause of deterioration of built infrastructure. This deterioration can cause reduced load capacity and on-going and costly maintenance and repair. Typically, this corrosion can be seen on structures to be spatially variable. Few studies have considered the effect of spatial variability of corrosion on structural performance and its effect on structural reliability. Random fields may be used to consider the temporal and spatial deterioration effects on structural performance, and performance indicators may include probability of extent of damage or structural reliability. In the present article, four case studies showing the benefits of using spatially variable damage performance indicators are discussed, for structural steel and reinforced concrete structures. It will be shown how spatially variable damage performance indicators will allow for more informed decision-making about the level of safety and the selection of optimal maintenance and repair strategies.

Su, SW, Wang, L, Celler, BG & Savkin, AV 2007, 'Oxygen uptake estimation in humans during exercise using a Hammerstein model', ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 1898-1906.
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This paper aims to establish a block-structured model to predict oxygen uptake in humans during moderate treadmill exercises. To model the steady state relationship between oxygen uptake (oxygen consumption) and walking speed, six healthy male subjects w

Su, SW, Wang, L, Celler, BG, Savkin, AV & Guo, Y 2007, 'Identification and control for heart rate regulation during treadmill exercise', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 1238-1246.
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Sun, D, Sheng, D & Sloan, SW 2007, 'Elastoplastic modelling of hydraulic and stress–strain behaviour of unsaturated soils', Mechanics of Materials, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 212-221.
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Sun, D, Sheng, D & Xu, Y 2007, 'Collapse behaviour of unsaturated compacted soil with different initial densities', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 673-686.
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Very few experimental data on the mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils exists, particularly on the collapse behaviour under general stress states, because of the technical difficulties and time-consuming nature of measuring suction and deformation. This paper presents the results of a series of controlled-suction triaxial tests on the collapse behaviour of an unsaturated compacted clay with different initial dry densities and suctions. The collapse behaviour here includes deformation characteristics, such as volume changes, and hydraulic characteristics, such as saturation changes. It is found that the wetting-caused collapse mainly depends on the mean net stress and the initial density, and that the volume decrease reaches a maximum when the specimen is under the initial yielding mean net stress. It is also found that the soil-water characteristic curve in terms of suction and degree of saturation shifts upwards with increasing specimen density. The soil-water characteristic curve of a compacted soil mainly depends upon the current density, not directly upon the stress state. In addition, experimental data show that the collapse occurs mainly in an intermediate range of suction levels, which are neither very high nor very low, and that the wetting-caused volume decrease is accompanied by an increase in the degree of saturation.Key words: unsaturated soil, density, triaxial test, suction, collapse, degree of saturation.

Sun, DA, Cui, HB, Matsuoka, H & Sheng, DC 2007, 'A Three-Dimensional Elastoplastic Model for Unsaturated Compacted Soils with Hydraulic Hysteresis', Soils and Foundations, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 253-264.
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Sun, DA, Sheng, DC, Cui, HB & Sloan, SW 2007, 'A density‐dependent elastoplastic hydro‐mechanical model for unsaturated compacted soils', International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 1257-1279.
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AbstractThis paper presents a three‐dimensional elastoplastic constitutive model for predicting the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils. It is based on experimental results obtained from a series of controlled‐suction triaxial tests on unsaturated compacted clay with different initial densities. Hydraulic hysteresis in the water‐retention behaviour is modelled as an elastoplastic process, with the elastic part modelled by a series of scanning curves and the elastoplastic part modelled by the main drying and wetting curves. The effect of void ratio on the water‐retention behaviour is studied using data obtained from controlled‐suction wetting–drying cyclic tests on unsaturated compacted clay with different initial densities. The effect of the degree of saturation on the stress–strain‐strength behaviour and the effect of void ratio on the water‐retention behaviour are considered in the model, as is the effect of suction on the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour. The initial density dependency of the compacted soil behaviour is modelled by experimental relationships between the initial density and the corresponding yield stress and, thereby, between the initial density and the normal compression line. The model is generalized to three‐dimensional stress states by assuming that the shapes of the failure and yield surfaces in the deviatoric stress plane are given by the Matsuoka–Nakai criterion. Model predictions of the stress–strain and water‐retention behaviour are compared with those obtained from triaxial tests with different initial densities under isotropic compression, triaxial compression and triaxial extension, with or without variation in suction. The comparisons indicate that the model accurately predicts the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of unsaturated compacted soils with different initial densities using the same material constant. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Taufiq, BN, Masjuki, HH, Mahlia, TMI, Saidur, R, Faizul, MS & Niza Mohamad, E 2007, 'Second law analysis for optimal thermal design of radial fin geometry by convection', Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 27, no. 8-9, pp. 1363-1370.
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Tavakoli, J, Khosroshahi, ME & Mahmoodi, M 2007, 'Characterization of Nd: YAG laser radiation effects on Ti6Al4V physico-chemical properties: An in vivo study', International Journal of Engineering, Transactions B: Applications, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1-11.
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The effect of a Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm) has been studied on Ti6Al4V alloy in terms of optical and physical parameters for biomedical applications. The superior surface microhardness hardness (i.e. 377 VHN) is attributed to grain refinement associated with laser melting and rapid solidification. The electrochemical property, mainly pitting corrosion resistance, has been carried out in Hanks salt balanced physiological solution using standard potentiodynamic polarization testing. At the optimium laser treating fluence (140 Jcm ^-2), the EDX spectroscopy showed a decrease of about 30 % in the vanadium and the contact angle measurements also indicated an improved surface wettability seen in the characteristics with a contact angle of 35°. Finally, Cell spreading on the implanted specimens was analyzed by SEM and their condition in a specific area was studied for 10 cells for three separate regions on the same specimen using Image J Program software. The in vivo tests provided some useful clinical and pathological information regarding tissue response to the implants with different surface topography.

Thomas, PS, Simon, P, Smallwood, A & Ray, AS 2007, 'Estimation of the diffusion coefficient of water evolved during the non-isothermal dehydration of Australian sedimentary opal', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 231-235.
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The dehydration of an opal specimen was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) in powder and bulk forms. The change in geometry resulted in a significant difference in the temperature range in which dehydration occurred with peak temperatures in the differential TG (DTG) curve for the hand ground opal at 203 degrees Cand for the bulk opal at 340 degrees C. This difference waa attributed to time taken for diffusion of feree water in the bulk opal tothe specimen surface prior to evolution as a registered mass loss. A model was proposed to account for the diffusion of water and was used to estimate the diffusion coefficient.

Thomas-Kerr, JAI, Burnett, IS, Ritz, CH, Devillers, S, De Schrijver, D & Van de Walle, R 2007, 'Is That a Fish in Your Ear? A Universal Metalanguage for Multimedia', IEEE MultiMedia, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 72-77.
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Tieben, R, van Boerdonk, K, Klooster, S & van den Hoven, E 2007, 'Meeting by moving, mediated through music', IEEE Pervasive Computing, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 62-63.
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Each year, the Dutch Lowlands Festival creates a unique, relaxed atmosphere where 55,000 visitors come to appreciate live music, movies, stand-up comedy, and street performances. Building on this experimental environment, we designed a flexible, opaque screen that facilitates meeting between strangers, who can create music together through bodily contact (see figure 4). Dynamic variation of bodily contact through the screen determines the music's composition and helps people feel connected. During the iterative design research process, we applied Choreography of Interaction, a movement-based design approach. Our first working prototype incorporated 18 randomly divided unnoticeable sensors, which were directly coupled to music samples. User evaluation showed that people searched the screen for the music instead of focusing on each other through the screen. We determined that the variables of musical composition needed to reflect the dynamic variation of bodily contact more coherently. We created a prototype that incorporates 120 sensors and that we can program differently to translate bodily contact into musical composition. This lets us create and evaluate interaction variants that presumably will lead to different gradations of experiences. We are now preparing a test to find the appropriate coupling between dynamic variation of bodily contact and musical composition that establishes a meeting experience through the screen. For more information, contact Sietske Klooster at s.klooster@tue.nl or Elise van den Hoven at e.v.d.hoven@tue.nl.

Tijing, LD, Pak, BC, Baek, BJ, Lee, DH & Cho, YI 2007, 'An experimental study on the bulk precipitation mechanism of physical water treatment for the mitigation of mineral fouling', International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 673-681.
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Tong, Y, Wang, Y, Zhu, Z & Ji, Q 2007, 'Robust facial feature tracking under varying face pose and facial expression', Pattern Recognition, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 3195-3208.
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Tran, TH, Ha, QP & Nguyen, HT 2007, 'Robust Non-Overshoot Time Responses Using Cascade Sliding Mode-PID Control', Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 1224-1231.
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Overshoot is a serious problem in automatic control systems. This paper presents a new method for elimination of the step response overshoot in a conventional PID-controlled system and enhancement of its robustness by cascading a sliding mode controller in the outer loop. The idea is first to use the cascade control principle to model the under-damped system under PID control with a second-order system. Then, by making use of the sliding mode control outer loop, a robust, reduced-order response can be obtained to suppress the control overshoot. The proposed approach can also deal with time delay systems. Its validity is verified through simulation for some dynamic systems subject to highly nonlinear uncertainties, where overshoot remains an issue.

Trinh, H & Ha, QP 2007, 'State and input simultaneous estimation for a class of time-delay systems with uncertainties', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 527-531.
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This brief addresses the problem of estimation of both the states and the unknown inputs of a class of systems that are subject to a time-varying delay in their state variables, to an unknown input, and also to an additive uncertain, nonlinear disturbance. Conditions are derived for the solvability of the design matrices of a reduced-order observer for state and input estimation, and for the stability of its dynamics. To improve computational efficiency, a delay-dependent asymptotic stability condition is then developed using the linear matrix inequality formulation. A design procedure is proposed and illustrated by a numerical example. © 2007, IEEE. All rights reserved.

Upcroft, B, Makarenko, A, Moser, M, Alempijevic, A, Donikian, A, Uther, W & Fitch, R 2007, 'Empirical Evaluation of an Autonomous Vehicle in an Urban Environment', Journal of Aerospace Computing, Information, and Communication, vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 1086-1107.
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Operation in urban environments creates unique challenges for research in autonomous ground vehicles. Due to the presence of tall trees and buildings in close proximity to traversable areas, GPS outage is likely to be frequent and physical hazards pose real threats to autonomous systems. In this paper, we describe a novel autonomous platform developed by the Sydney-Berkeley Driving Team for entry into the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge competition. We report empirical results analyzing the performance of the vehicle while navigating a 560-meter test loop multiple times in an actual urban setting with severe GPS outage. We show that our system is robust against failure of global position estimates and can reliably traverse standard two-lane road networks using vision for localization. Copyright © 2007 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved.

Vidal, T, Castel, A & François, R 2007, 'Corrosion process and structural performance of a 17 year old reinforced concrete beam stored in chloride environment', Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 1551-1561.
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Vigneswaran, S 2007, 'Organic matter in water and wastewater: Constituents and analysis', Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 3-5.

Vigneswaran, S, Guo, WS, Smith, P & Ngo, HH 2007, 'Submerged membrane adsorption hybrid system (SMAHS): process control and optimization of operating parameters', DESALINATION, vol. 202, no. 1-3, pp. 392-399.
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This study is to investigate the effect of operating parameters of submerged membrane adsorption hybrid system (SMAHS) such as preadsorption and powdered activated carbon requirement, aeration, filtration flux; There is an optimum value for each of the o

Vigneswaran, S, Shon, HK, Kandasamy, J & Shim, WG 2007, 'Performance of granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption and Biofiltration in the treatment of biologically treated sewage effluent', SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 42, no. 14, pp. 3101-3116.
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In this study, the performance of GAC adsorption and biofiltration systems in treating biological treated sewage effluent (BTSE) was evaluated in terms of organic removal efficiency, organic fractions, and molecular weight distribution (MW) of organic matter (OM) removed. The GAC biofilter removed 23.5% and 61% of the hydrophobic fractions and hydrophilic fractions of OM in the BTSE respectively. MW distribution studies of GAC filter and GAC adsorption revealed the following: Hydrophobic fraction of the effluent showed a peak at 345 dalton after GAC biofiltration and 256 dalton after GAC adsorption, whereas, with hydrophilic fractions, peaks at 46,178 and 345 daltons were observed after GAC biofiltration and peaks at 46,178 and 256 daltons after GAC adsorption. Transphilic fraction showed the peaks at 12,783 dalton with GAC biofiltration, and 1,463 dalton with GAC adsorption. The performance of the GAC biofilter was successfully mathematically modelled.

Voinov, A & Farley, J 2007, 'Reconciling sustainability, systems theory and discounting', ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 104-113.
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Voinov, A, Costanza, R, Fitz, C & Maxwell, T 2007, 'Patuxent landscape model: 1. Hydrological model development', Water Resources, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 163-170.
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Voinov, A, Costanza, R, Fitz, C & Maxwell, T 2007, 'Patuxent landscape model: 2. Model development — nutrients, plants, and detritus', Water Resources, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 268-276.
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Voinov, A, Costanza, R, Maxwell, T & Vladich, H 2007, 'Patuxent Landscape Model. III. Model calibration', Water Resources, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 372-384.
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Voinov, A, Costanza, R, Maxwell, T & Vladich, H 2007, 'Patuxent Landscape Model: 4. Model application', Water Resources, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 501-510.
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Voinov, A, Jakeman, T & Rizzoli, A 2007, 'In Memoriam: Yuri Svirezhev', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 1811-1811.
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Waldron, KJ & Abdallah, ME 2007, 'An Optimal Traction Control Scheme for Off-Road Operation of Robotic Vehicles', IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 126-133.
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Active degrees of freedom provide a robotic vehicle the ability to enhance its performance in all terrain conditions. While active suspension systems are now commonplace in on-road vehicles, their application to off-road terrains has been little investigated. A fundamental component of such an application is a need to translate desired body motion commands into actuator values through the use of proprioceptive algorithms. The diverse nature of the terrains that might be encountered places variable demands upon the operation of the vehicle. This entails the potential use of a diverse set of algorithms designed to optimize mobility and performance. This paper presents a cohesive control scheme designed for the operation of an autonomous vehicle under all conditions. The ideas presented have been tested in simulation, and some have been used extensivly in the field. © 2007 IEEE.

Walker, R & Indraratna, B 2007, 'Vertical drain consolidation with overlapping smear zones', Géotechnique, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 463-467.
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Wang, C, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2007, 'Mining key information of web pages: A method and its application', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 425-433.
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Web content mining aims to discover useful information and generate desired knowledge from a large amount of web pages. Key information, such as distinctive menu items, navigation indicators, which is embedded in web pages, can help classify the main con

Wang, G & Ying, M 2007, 'Multipartite unlockable bound entanglement in the stabilizer formalism', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 75, no. 5, pp. 1-8.
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We find an interesting relationship between multipartite bound entangled states and the stabilizer formalism. We prove that, if a set of commuting operators from the generalized Pauli group on n qudits satisfy certain constraints, then the maximally mixed state over the subspace stabilized by them is an unlockable bound entangled state. Moreover, the properties of this state, such as symmetry under permutations of parties, undistillability, and unlockability, can be easily explained from the stabilizer formalism without tedious calculation. In particular, the four-qubit Smolin state [Smolin, Phys. Rev. A 63, 032306 (2001)] and its recent generalization to even numbers of qubits can be viewed as special examples of our results. Finally, we extend our results to arbitrary multipartite systems in which the dimensions of all parties may be different. © 2007 The American Physical Society.

Wang, JG & Wang, J 2007, 'Adaptive Tropospheric Delay Modelling in GPS/INS/Pseudolite Integration for Airborne Surveying', Journal of Global Positioning Systems, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 142-148.
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Integrated GPS/INS systems have been used for geo-referencing airborne surveying and mapping platforms. However, due to the limited constellation of GPS satellites and their geometric distribution, the accuracy of such integraed systems cannot meet the requirements of precise airborne surveying. This problem can be addressed by including additional GPS-like ranging signals transmitted from the ground-based pseudolites (PLs). As GPS measurement geometry can be strengthened dramatically by the PL augmentation, systems accuracy and reliability can be improved, especially in the vertical component. Nevertheless, some challenges exist for PLs augmentation. As PLs are relatively close to the receivers, the unit vectors from a PL to reference and rover receivers can be significantly different. PL tropospheric delay modelling errors cannot be effectively mitigated in differencing procedure. Furthermore, PL signals propagate through the lower troposphere, where it is very difficult to accurately model the signal delay due to temporal and spatial variations of meteorological parameters. An adaptive PL tropospheric delay modelling method is developed to reduce modelling error by estimating meteorological parameters in a model. The performance of this method is evaluated with field test data. The testing has shown that the PL tropospheric delay modelling error can be effectively mitigated by the proposed method.

Wang, S, Dash, M, Chia, L-T & Xu, M 2007, 'Efficient sampling of training set in large and noisy multimedia data', ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 14-14.
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As the amount of multimedia data is increasing day-by-day thanks to less expensive storage devices and increasing numbers of information sources, machine learning algorithms are faced with large-sized and noisy datasets. Fortunately, the use of a good sampling set for training influences the final results significantly. But using a simple random sample (SRS) may not obtain satisfactory results because such a sample may not adequately represent the large and noisy dataset due to its blind approach in selecting samples. The difficulty is particularly apparent for huge datasets where, due to memory constraints, only very small sample sizes are used. This is typically the case for multimedia applications, where data size is usually very large. In this article we propose a new and efficient method to sample of large and noisy multimedia data. The proposed method is based on a simple distance measure that compares the histograms of the sample set and the whole set in order to estimate the representativeness of the sample. The proposed method deals with noise in an elegant manner which SRS and other methods are not able to deal with. We experiment on image and audio datasets. Comparison with SRS and other methods shows that the proposed method is vastly superior in terms of sample representativeness, particularly for small sample sizes although time-wise it is comparable to SRS, the least expensive method in terms of time.

Wang, S, Qiu, J, Zhao, Z, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2007, 'Structural Parameter Design on Multilayer Conductors of HTS AC Cable by Means of Particle Swarm Optimization', Journal of JSAEM, Japanese Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 290-293.

Wang, Z, Huang, S & Dissanayake, G 2007, 'D-SLAM: A decoupled solution to simultaneous localization and mapping', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS RESEARCH, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 187-204.
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The main contribution of this paper is the reformulation of the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem for mobile robots such that the mapping and localization can be treated as two concurrent yet separated processes: D-SLAM (decoupled SLAM). It is shown that SLAM with a range and bearing sensor in an environment populated with point features can be decoupled into solving a nonlinear static estimation problem for mapping and a low-dimensional dynamic estimation problem for localization. This is achieved by transforming the measurement vector into two parts: one containing information relating features in the map and another with information relating the map and robot. It is shown that the new formulation results in an exactly sparse information matrix for mapping when it is solved using an Extended Information Filter (EIF).Thus a significant saving in the computational effort can be achieved for large-scale problems by exploiting the special properties of sparse matrices. An important feature of D-SLAM is that the correlation among features in the map are still kept and it is demonstrated that the uncertainty of the feature estimates monotonically decreases. The algorithm is illustrated and evaluated through computer simulations and experiments. © 2007 SAGE Publications.

Wei, Z & Ying, M 2007, 'Quantum adiabatic computation and adiabatic conditions', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 1-4.
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Recently, quantum adiabatic computation has attracted more and more attention in the literature. It is a novel quantum computation model based on adiabatic approximation, and the analysis of a quantum adiabatic algorithm depends highly on the adiabatic c

Weily, AR, Esselle, KP, Bird, TS & Sanders, BC 2007, 'Dual resonator 1-D EBG antenna with slot array feed for improved radiation bandwidth', IET MICROWAVES ANTENNAS & PROPAGATION, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 198-203.
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White, AG, Gilchrist, A, Pryde, GJ, O'Brien, JL, Bremner, MJ & Langford, NK 2007, 'Measuring two-qubit gates', JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 172-183.
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White, R, Thomas, PS, Philips, MR, Wuhrer, R & Guerbois, JP 2007, 'TG-MS characterization of the reaction products of cadmium yellow and malachite artist's pigments', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 181-184.
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The deleterious interaction of some traditional sulphide artists pigments and copper ions results in the formation of black copper sulphides, in particular, covellite (CuS), and, hence, the discolouration of valuable artworks. In this paper the interaction of malachite, a source of copper(II) ions, with the pigment cadmium yellow, a sulphide pigment comprising of a solid solution of cadmium and zinc sulphides, is investigated by XRD and TG-MS. XRD showed the presence of the copper sulphide and cadmium carbonate phases, produced by a simple ion exchange mechanism. TG-MS showed the complexity of the range of metastable phases produced. The identification of these phases, however, requires further work. © Springer-Verlag 2007.

Whiteford, CC, Bilke, S, Greer, BT, Chen, Q, Braunschweig, TA, Cenacchi, N, Wei, JS, Smith, MA, Houghton, P, Morton, C, Reynolds, CP, Lock, R, Gorlick, R, Khanna, C, Thiele, CJ, Takikita, M, Catchpoole, D, Hewitt, SM & Khan, J 2007, 'Credentialing Preclinical Pediatric Xenograft Models Using Gene Expression and Tissue Microarray Analysis', Cancer Research, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 32-40.
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Abstract Human tumor xenografts have been used extensively for rapid screening of the efficacy of anticancer drugs for the past 35 years. The selection of appropriate xenograft models for drug testing has been largely empirical and has not incorporated a similarity to the tumor type of origin at the molecular level. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome of a large set of pediatric xenografts, which are currently used for preclinical drug testing. Suitable models representing the tumor type of origin were identified. It was found that the characteristic expression patterns of the primary tumors were maintained in the corresponding xenografts for the majority of samples. Because a prerequisite for developing rationally designed drugs is that the target is expressed at the protein level, we developed tissue arrays from these xenografts and corroborated that high mRNA levels yielded high protein levels for two tested genes. The web database and availability of tissue arrays will allow for the rapid confirmation of the expression of potential targets at both the mRNA and the protein level for molecularly targeted agents. The database will facilitate the identification of tumor markers predictive of response to tested agents as well as the discovery of new molecular targets. [Cancer Res 2007;67(1):32–40]

Widjaja, J, Samali, B & Li, J 2007, 'Erratum: The use of displacement threshold for switching frequency strategy for structural vibration mitigation (Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology (2007) 21 (865-869))', Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, vol. 21, no. 10, p. 1756.
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Widjaja, J, Samali, B & Li, J 2007, 'The use of displacement threshold for switching frequency strategy for structural vibration mitigation', Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 865-869.
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Wood, MDK, Sun, X, Tong, L, Luo, Q, Katzos, A & Rispler, A 2007, 'A New ENF Test Specimen for the Mode II Delamination Toughness Testing of Stitched Woven CFRP Laminates', Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 41, no. 14, pp. 1743-1772.
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This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the effects of stitching distribution on the interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) using an end notch flexure (ENF) specimen. To avoid premature failure in bending, reinforcing tabs were bonded to either side of the ENF specimens to create a tabbed ENF (TENF) specimen. The effect of stitch distribution on mode II delamination toughness is investigated by considering several stitch distribution patterns. The experimental results indicate that the mode II delamination toughness of stitched TENF specimens can be effectively measured and that stitch distribution does not play a significant role in improving the steady-state mode II delamination toughness of stitched CFRPs. Numerical results are also obtained using both MSC/NASTRAN and an in-house software for the tested specimens. A reasonable correlation exists between the numerical and experimental results.

Wu, C & Hao, H 2007, 'Numerical simulation of structural response and damage to simultaneous ground shock and airblast loads', International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 556-572.
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Wu, C & Hao, H 2007, 'Safe Scaled Distance for Masonry Infilled RC Frame Structures Subjected to Airblast Loads', Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 422-431.
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Wu, C & Liu, A 2007, 'An adaptive approach for bivariate phase II clinical trial designs', Contemporary Clinical Trials, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 482-486.
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In designing a phase II cancer clinical trial monitoring simultaneously the response and toxicity rate of a therapeutic agent, the odds ratio has to be specified. The false positive or Type I error rate, however, can be substantially inflated if the specified value is considerably larger than the true odds ratio. To overcome the sensitivity of the error rates to the odds ratio, an adaptive procedure is proposed which allows the sample size to be re-estimated based on observed odds ratio. Simulation results show that the procedure is robust against the odds ratio assumptions and controls effectively the Type I error rate. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Wu, C, Liu, A & Yu, KF 2007, 'An Adaptive Approach to Designing Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy Studies', Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 116-125.
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Comparative diagnostic studies usually involve comparison of the area under receiver operating characteristic curves when biomarkers are measured on a continuous or ordinal scales. In designing such studies, specification of a number of nuisance parameters is often required to compute sample sizes. When these parameters are incorrectly specified, statistical power to detect a meaningful difference in area can be substantially adversely affected. We propose an adaptive method to calculate the sample size and show these procedures to be effective in controlling error rates. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Wu, C, Oehlers, DJ, Wachl, J, Glynn, C, Spencer, A, Merrigan, M & Day, I 2007, 'Blast Testing of RC Slabs Retrofitted with NSM CFRP Plates', Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 397-414.
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In this paper, blast testing was performed on two reinforced concrete specimens: a plain reinforced concrete (RC) specimen; and an identical RC specimen retrofitted with near surface mounted (NSM) carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates. Each specimen was subjected to two separate explosive loads at a standoff distance of 0.6m, with the aim of investigating the performances of both specimens within both their elastic and plastic response ranges. The first blast (Blast 1) and second blast (Blast 2) consisted of an equivalent TNT charge weight of 0.079kg and 2.09kg respectively. The elastic-range responses of both specimens after the small shot (Blast 1), such as acceleration and deflection were obtained and comparisons were made between the specimens. The plastic performances of both specimens, such as tension face scabbing, crack patterns, plastic hinges and permanent deflection, after the large shot (Blast 2) were also analysed and compared. A number of unique failures and behaviours of both specimens were observed, investigated and analyzed. The test results provide a vital direction in the development of an optimal retrofit in future research.

Wu, CQ, Sun, WB & John, OD 2007, 'Optimal design of RC panels against blast loads using energy-based approach', Jiefangjun Ligong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 645-651.
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Displacement-controlled approach is now being used by current guidelines such as TM5 and ASCE to design RC structures against blast loads. Although this method is easy to use, it may not obtain an optimal design. Actually the area under the resistance-deflection curve of a RC member represents its energy-absorption and thus a slab with different reinforcement ratios absorbs energy differently. The optimal reinforcement ratio for a slab corresponds to its maximum energy absorption capacity. A layered analytical model which allows for the varying strain rates over the cross-section was used to calculate a bilinear resistance-deflection relationship for a simply supported slab with different ratios so that the maximum energy absorption capacity of the slab as well as its optimal reinforcement ratio could be determined. Geometric size of the slab on the influence of the optimal reinforcement ratio was also investigated. The developed method is very useful to facilitate an optimal design to resist air-blast loads.

Wu, X & Duan, R 2007, 'Exact Quantum Search by Parallel Unitary Discrimination Schemes', Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 1-8.
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We study the unsorted database search problem with items $N$ from theviewpoint of unitary discrimination. Instead of considering the famous$O(\sqrt{N})$ Grover's the bounded-error algorithm for the original problem, weseek for the results about the exact algorithms, i.e. the ones succeed withcertainty. Under the standard oracle model $\sum_j (-1)^{\delta_{\tau j}}|j>

Xin, Y & Duan, R 2007, 'Conditions for entanglement transformation between a class of multipartite pure states with generalized Schmidt decompositions', Phys.Rev.A, vol. 76, p. 044301.
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In this note we generalize Nielsen's marjoization criterion for theconvertibility of bipartite pure states [Phys. Rev. Lett \textbf{83},436(1999)] to a special class of multipartite pure states which havegeneralized Schmidt decompositions.

Xin, Y & Duan, R 2007, 'Conditions for entanglement transformation between a class of multipartite pure states with generalized Schmidt decompositions', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 1-3.
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We generalize Nielsen's majorization criterion for the convertibility of bipartite pure states to a special class of multipartite pure states with generalized Schmidt decompositions. © 2007 The American Physical Society.

Yan, M, Shao, KR, Hu, XW, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2007, 'Z-Transform-Based FDTD Analysis of Perfectly Conducting Cylinder Covered With Unmagnetized Plasma', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 2968-2970.
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In this paper, a novel and normalized Z-transform-based finite-difference time-domain (ZTFDTD) method is presented for simulating the interaction of the electromagnetic (EM) wave with unmagnetized plasma. The 2-D ZTFDTD formulations for unmagnetized plas

Yan, Y, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2007, 'A Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Model with Core Loss', Journal of JSAEM, Japanese Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 15, pp. 147-150.

Yang, X 2007, 'An Effective Pruning Algorithm for Least Squares Support Vector Machine Classifier', Journal of Computer Research and Development, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 1128-1128.
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A well-known drawback in the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) is that the sparseness is lost. In this study, an effective pruning algorithm is developed to deal with this problem. To avoid solving the primal set of linear equations, the bottom to the top strategy is adopted in the proposed algorithm. During the training process of the algorithm, the chunking incremental and decremental learning procedures are used alternately. A small support vector set, which can cover most of the information in the training set, can be formed adaptively. Using the support vector set, one can construct the final classifier. In order to test the validation of the proposed algorithm, it has been applied to five benchmarking UCI datasets. In order to show the relationships among the chunking size, the number of support vector machine, the training time, and the testing accuracy, different chunking sizes are tested. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can adaptively obtain the sparse solutions without almost losing generalization performance when the chunking size is equal to 2, and also its training speed is much faster than that of the sequential minimal optimization (SMO) algorithm. The proposed algorithm can also be applied to the least squares support vector regression machine as well as LS-SVM classifier.

Ying, M, Chen, J, Feng, Y & Duan, R 2007, 'Commutativity of quantum weakest preconditions', INFORMATION PROCESSING LETTERS, vol. 104, no. 4, pp. 152-158.
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The notion of quantum weakest precondition was introduced by D'Hondt and P. Panangaden [E. D'Hondt, P. Panangaden, Quantum weakest preconditions, Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 16 (2006) 429-451], and they presented a representation of weake

Yokoi, K, Hung, NVQ, Tuan, HD & Hosoe, S 2007, 'ADAPTIVE CONTROL DESIGN FOR NONLINEARLY PARAMETERIZED SYSTEMS WITH A TRIANGULAR STRUCTURE', Asian Journal of Control, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 121-132.
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ABSTRACTA novel adaptive backstepping design for a class of nonlinearly parameterized systems with a triangular structure is proposed. Under the Lipschitz condition with respect to unknown parameters of the system, an effective adaptive controller is designed without the requirement on the compactness of the unknown parametric set. Especially, the proposed adaptive control enables the advantage of “tuning function concept”, which results in only one estimation law for the unknown parameters. Our simulation with induction motor model particularly shows the viability of the obtained results.

You Guang Guo, Jian Xun Jin, Jian Guo Zhu & Hai Yan Lu 2007, 'Design and Analysis of a Prototype Linear Motor Driving System for HTS Maglev Transportation', IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 2087-2090.
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High temperature superconductors (HTSs) can produce a strong magnetic levitation force with self-stabilizing feature and hence have attracted much attention for applications in maglev transportation systems. For the linear motion of transportation, a lin

Yuan, X, Zhang, H, Wei, Y-J & Hu, S-S 2007, 'Embryonic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of myocardial infarction: Immune privilege or rejection', Transplant Immunology, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 88-93.
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Zhan, YD, Zhu, JG & Guo, YG 2007, 'Development of Advanced Hardware and Software for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Test Systems', Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 201-209.
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A fuel cell test system that is powered by proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) has been developed. It consists of two parts: hardware units and software programs. The hardware units contain a PEMFC stack, water-cooling components, air-cooling, hydrogen humidifying and filtering, temperature and pressure monitoring, and voltage and current measuring of the stack. The software programs, developed according to the features of the PEMFC stack, are used to control the whole process. The software programs are composed of the control interface of the PEMFC test system and controllers, such as the basic measurements and control tools, proportional-integral- derivative (PID) controller, fuzzy logic controller, and other advanced controllers. The system can supply 500 W of DC 20 V / 30 A power continuously by using hydrogen. This paper describes a high-efficiency development method, and PID and fuzzy-PI controller design, which are suitable for various applications in experiment and study of PEMFC engineering. The test system has a good human-machine interface. It is easy to operate and control all kinds of parameters and variables, and clearly shows the charts and graphs. By using this test system, a lot of research projects can be conducted in the field of PEMFC in the future.

Zhang, C, Wang, G & Ying, M 2007, 'Discrimination between pure states and mixed states', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 75, no. 6, pp. 1-6.
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In this paper, we discuss the problem of determining whether a quantum system is in a pure state, or in a mixed state. We apply two strategies to settle this problem: the unambiguous discrimination and the maximum confidence discrimination. We prove that the optimal versions of both strategies are equivalent. Furthermore, the scheme also provides a method to estimate the purity of quantum states, and the Schmidt number of composed systems. © 2007 The American Physical Society.

Zhang, G & Lu, J 2007, 'Model and approach of fuzzy bilevel decision making for logistics planning problem', Journal of Enterprise Information Management, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 178-197.
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PurposeThis study aims to develop a decision making model and approach for logistics planning problem which naturally involves two or more decision units at a hierarchical structure. Such a decision problem in practice often involves uncertain and imprecise factors with the parameters of a bilevel decision model, either in the objective functions or constraints.Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposes a fuzzy bilevel decision making model for a general logistics planning problem and develops a fuzzy number based Kth‐best approach to find an optimal solution for the proposed fuzzy bilevel decision problem.FindingsThe proposed approach illustrates an optimal solution in logistics management, which meets maximally/minimally the objectives of both supplier and distributor (or other parts of the logistics chain). The proposed fuzzy bilevel decision approach can have a wide range of logistics management applications.Research limitations/implicationsThe decision model, approach and system will be further tested for some more complicated real cases in the future.Originality/valueThe proposed fuzzy bilevel decision model and approach are new, which offer theoretical and practice help to logistics management.

Zhang, G, Lu, J & Dillon, T 2007, 'Decentralized multi-objective bilevel decision making with fuzzy demands', KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 495-507.
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Decisions in a decentralized organization often involve two levels. The leader at the upper level attempts to optimize his/her objective but is affected by the follower; the follower at the lower level tries to find an optimized strategy according to each of possible decisions made by the leader. When model a real-world bilevel decision problem, it also may involve fuzzy demands which appear either in the parameters of objective functions or constraints of the leader or the follower or both. Furthermore, the leader and the follower may have multiple conflict objectives that should be optimized simultaneously in achieving a solution. This study addresses both fuzzy demands and multi-objective issues and propose a fuzzy multi-objective bilevel programming model. It then develops an approximation branch-and-bound algorithm to solve multi-objective bilevel decision problems with fuzzy demands. Finally, two case-based examples further illustrate the proposed model and algorithm. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Zhang, H, Jia, W, He, X & Wu, Q 2007, 'Learning-based license plate detection in vehicle image database', International Journal of Intelligent Information and Database Systems, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 228-228.
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This paper proposes a learning-based algorithm to detect license plates of vehicles from vehicle image database. There are three main contributions in this paper. The first contribution is to define a novel vertical edge map, which makes the image processing more effectively. The second contribution is to propose a learning-based cascade classifier composing of two kinds of sub-classifiers, which makes the system very robust. The third contribution is to experimentally estimate the parameter of scaling factor and chose an optimal one for the algorithm to seek a good balance between detection rate and processing time. © 2007 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Zhang, H, Wong, K-YK & Zhang, G 2007, 'Camera Calibration from Images of Spheres', IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 499-502.
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This paper introduces a novel approach for solving the problem of camera calibration from spheres. By exploiting the relationship between the dual images of spheres and the dual image of the absolute conic (IAC), it is shown that the common pole and polar with regard to the conic images of two spheres are also the pole and polar with regard to the IAC. This provides two constraints for estimating the IAC and, hence, allows a camera to be calibrated from an image of at least three spheres. Experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed approach. © 2007 IEEE.

Zhang, H, Zhao, Y, Cao, L & Zhang, C 2007, 'Class Association Rule Mining with Multiple Imbalanced Attributes', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4830, pp. 827-831.
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In this paper, we propose a novel framework to deal with data imbalance in class association rule mining. In each class association rule, the right-hand is a target class while the left-hand may contain one or more attributes. This framework is focused on the multiple imbalanced attributes on the left-hand. In the proposed framework, the rules with and without imbalanced attributes are processed in parallel. The rules without imbalanced attributes are mined through standard algorithm while the rules with imbalanced attributes are mined based on new defined measurements. Through simple transformation, these measurements can be in a uniform space so that only a few parameters need to be specified by user. In the case study, the proposed algorithm is applied into social security field. Although some attributes are severely imbalanced, the rules with minority of the imbalanced attributes have been mined efficiently.

ZHANG, JIE, LU, JIE & ZHANG, G 2007, 'AN INTELLIGENT CLASSIFICATION METHOD IN BANK CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT', New Mathematics and Natural Computation, vol. 03, no. 01, pp. 111-121.
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Customer classification is one of the major tasks in customer relationship management. Customers often have both static characteristics and dynamic behavioral features. Using both kinds of data to conduct comprehensive analysis can enhance the reasonability of customer classification. In the proposed classification method, customer dynamic data is clustered using a hybrid genetic algorithm. The result is then combined with customer static data to give reasonable customer segmentation supported by neural network technique. A bank dataset-based experiment shows that applying the proposed method can obviously improve the accuracy of customer classification comparing with the traditional methods where only static data is used.

Zhang, R, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, H & Nguyen, H 2007, 'A submerged membrane hybrid system coupled with magnetic ion exchange (MIEX®) and flocculation in wastewater treatment', Desalination, vol. 216, no. 1-3, pp. 325-333.
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Wastewater treated by conventional secondary and tertiary processes cannot be reused directly without further treatment. The membrane process can achieve a high quality effluent, but membrane fouling caused by organic matter affects membrane performance and operating cost. MIEX® resin can effectively remove the majority of small MW dissolved organic in wastewater (345-688 Dalton). Flocculation with an optimum dose of ferric chloride (24 mg/L as Fe) gave a higher removal of DOC, especially for removing the middle range of MW organics in wastewater (688-1421 Dalton). MIEX® and flocculation followed by submerged membrane system led to a very high DOC removal of more than 90-95% UVabs. This membrane hybrid system could maintain a transmembrane pressure of less than 8 kPa even after 8 h of operation thus reducing membrane fouling. © 2007.

Zhang, Y, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Xie, DX & Lavers, JD 2007, 'A Comparison of Point Interpolative Boundary Meshless Method Based on PBF and RBF for Transient Eddy-Current Analysis', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 1497-1500.
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This paper presents the boundary polynomial point interpolation meshless method (BPPIM) and the boundary radial point interpolation meshless method (BRPIM) based on the polynomial basis function (PBF) and radial basis function (RBF), respectively, for tr

Zhang, Y, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Xie, DX & Lavers, JD 2007, 'An Improved Multiquadric Collocation Method for 3-D Electromagnetic Problems', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 1509-1512.
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The multiquadric radial basis function method (MQ RBF or, simply, MQ) developed recently is a truly meshless collocation method with global basis functions. It was introduced for solving many 1- and 2-D partial differential equations (PDEs), including li

Zhang, Y, Zhou, JL & Ning, B 2007, 'Photodegradation of estrone and 17β-estradiol in water', Water Research, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 19-26.
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The TiO2-assisted photodegradation of two natural female hormones, estrone (E1) and 17β-estradiol (E2), was investigated in two UV-photo-reactors, followed by solid-phase extraction and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The degradation of E1 and E2 in both reactors followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. In reactor 1 (150 W), 97% of compounds were degraded within 4 h of irradiation. Even more rapid degradation was observed in reactor 2 (15 W) where 98% of both compounds disappeared within 1 h, due to the shorter wavelength of UV-light in reactor 2 (fixed at 253 nm) than reactor 1 (238-579 nm). The influences of different initial chemical concentrations, pH value, the presence of dissolved organic matter and hydrogen dioxide, and the catalyst concentration on the degradation rate of E1 and E2 in aqueous solutions were investigated. The results show that the extent of photo-induced degradation of E1 and E2 strongly depends on the water constituents in solution. The degradation rate was increased when pH value was increased from 2 to 7.6, beyond which the degradation rate started to decrease. The presence of humic acid enhanced the degradation of E1 and E2 in both reactors as a result of photosensitisation effect of humic acid chromophore. The degradation rate increased with an increase in H2O2 concentration. The degradation rate was also enhanced by increasing catalyst concentration up to 2 g/l. The findings therefore suggest that photocatalysis can be a very effective method of rapidly removing certain EDCs from water. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Zhang, ZL & Zhou, JL 2007, 'Simultaneous determination of various pharmaceutical compounds in water by solid-phase extraction–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry', Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1154, no. 1-2, pp. 205-213.
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A solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS-MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of 11 pharmaceutical residues (propranolol, sulfamethoxazole, meberverine, thioridazine, carbamazepine, tamoxifen, mecoprop, indomethacine, diclofenac, meclofenamic acid and monensin) in environmental water samples. The collision energy chosen for the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) experiment was optimised. A number of parameters that may affect the recovery of the pharmaceuticals, such as the type of SPE cartridges, eluents, as well as water properties including pH value, salinity and concentration of colloid and surfactant were investigated. It is shown that the Oasis HLB SPE cartridge produced the best recoveries of the target pharmaceuticals while methanol was efficient in eluting pharmaceuticals from SPE cartridges. The recovery of some target compounds was enhanced with increasing salinity, but reduced by increasing pH value, and unaffected by surfactant concentration (0-10 μg/l). The recovery of most compounds was slightly increased by the presence of colloids (0-10 mg/l), which however caused a reduction in recovery for sulfamethoxazole and meberverine. The optimised method was further verified by performing spiking experiments in river water and seawater matrices, with good recovery and reproducibility for all except two compounds. The established method was successfully applied to environmental water samples from East Sussex, UK, for the determination of the target pharmaceuticals. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Zhao, C, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG, Guo, Y, Gong, W & Cao, Z 2007, 'Correction to: 'Transient simulation and analysis for saturated core high temperature superconducting fault current limiter'', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 3540-3540.
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Zhao, C, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG, Guo, Y, Gong, W & Cao, Z 2007, 'Transient Simulation and Analysis for Saturated Core High Temperature Superconducting Fault Current Limiter', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 1813-1816.
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In this paper, the transient performance of a magnetic core fault current limiter (FCL) saturated by high temperature superconducting (HTS) dc bias winding is investigated by using both 3-D field-circuit coupled simulation and magnetic circuit analysis. A high voltage is induced on the dc HTS winding during the fault current state. The induced voltage is computed and a short circuit coil for the reduction of induced voltage is studied. The numerical computations are verified by the experiment results on an FCL prototype. © 2007 IEEE.

Zhao, J, Sheng, D & Sloan, SW 2007, 'Cavity expansion of a gradient-dependent solid cylinder', International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 44, no. 13, pp. 4342-4368.
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Zhao, J, Sheng, D, Sloan, SW & Krabbenhoft, K 2007, 'Limit theorems for gradient-dependent elastoplastic geomaterials', International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 480-506.
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Zhao, Y, Edgar, JS, Jeffries, GDM, McGloin, D & Chiu, DT 2007, 'Spin-to-Orbital Angular Momentum Conversion in a Strongly Focused Optical Beam', Physical Review Letters, vol. 99, no. 7.
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Zhong, J, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lin, Z 2007, 'Magnetization Modeling of SMC Material with Rotating Fluxes', Journal of JSAEM, Japanese Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 15, pp. 104-107.

Zhong, J, Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H & Jin, J 2007, 'Development of Measuring Techniques for Rotational Core Losses of Soft Magnetic Materials', Nature Sciences, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-12.

Zhong, J, Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H & Jin, J 2007, 'Techniques and Apparatus for Measuring Rotational Core Losses of Soft Magnetic Materials', Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China - Zhongguo Dianzi Keji, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 218-225.

Zhou, JL, Liu, R, Wilding, A & Hibberd, A 2007, 'Sorption of Selected Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals to Different Aquatic Colloids', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 206-213.
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The sorption of seven endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) to aquatic colloids was determined by cross-flow ultrafiltration (CFUF) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results show that the colloidal organic carbon normalized sorption coefficient (Kcoc) of EDCs to different aquatic colloids varies by a factor of 6-12 because such colloids are of different origin. Through characterization of colloidal samples, a significant relationship was established between Kcoc values and the molar extinction coefficient of colloids at 280 nm, whereas no other colloidal properties such as elemental ratios were correlated with Kcoc values. The results are consistent with other reports of the importance of the quality of sorbents such as their aromatic carbon content in sorbing various organic pollutants. The presence of a surfactant was found to increase Kcoc values for estrone (E1) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2). The method was subsequently applied for determining EDC concentrations in field samples, where both conventional and truly dissolved EDCs showed higher concentrations close to sewage outfalls than either upstream or downstream, confirming the source-concentration relationship. In addition, the truly dissolved EDC concentrations were lower than the conventional dissolved concentrations, confirming that there were interactions between aquatic colloids and EDCs. It is estimated that between 10 and 29% of EDCs are associated with aquatic colloids. As colloids are highly abundant in rivers and ocean, they will therefore play a significant role in the environmental behavior and fate of EDCs. © 2007 American Chemical Society.

Zhu, XQ & Law, SS 2007, 'A concrete–steel interface element for damage detection of reinforced concrete structures', Engineering Structures, vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 3515-3524.
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Zhu, XQ & Law, SS 2007, 'Damage Detection in Simply Supported Concrete Bridge Structure Under Moving Vehicular Loads', Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, vol. 129, no. 1, pp. 58-65.
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A method for damage detection of a simply supported concrete bridge structure in time domain is presented using the interaction forces from the moving vehicles as excitation. The vehicular loads are modeled as a group of vehicle-bridge interaction forces moving at a prescribed velocity, and the bridge is modeled as an Euler-Bernoulli beam simply supported at both ends. A damage function is used to simulate the crack damage in the reinforced concrete beam. The vehicle-bridge interaction forces and the structural damage in the bridge deck are identified from the measured responses in sequence of iteration without prior knowledge of the moving loads. The effects of parameters of the vehicle-bridge system and measurement noise on the damage detection result are studied. Simulation results show that the method is effective and noise insensitive to damage detection in the concrete bridge structure under moving vehicular loads.

Zhu, XQ & Law, SS 2007, 'Nonlinear Characteristics of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Beam from Hilbert-Huang Transform', Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 133, no. 8, pp. 1186-1191.
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Zhu, Y, Lee, J & Seshia, A 2007, 'System-level simulation of a micromachined electrometer using a time-domain variable capacitor circuit model', Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 1059-1065.
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Zhuang, Y, Yang, Y, Wu, F & Pan, Y 2007, 'Manifold Learning Based Cross-media Retrieval: A Solution to Media Object Complementary Nature', The Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems for Signal, Image, and Video Technology, vol. 46, no. 2-3, pp. 153-164.
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Zowghi, D 2007, 'Ten years of Australian workshop on requirements engineering', Requirements Engineering, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 125-125.
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Abdallah, ME & Waldron, KJ 1970, 'A Physical Model and Control Strategy for Biped Running', Proceedings 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Rome, ITALY, pp. 3982-+.
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Abdallah, ME & Waldron, KJ 1970, 'Stiffness and Duty Factor Models for the Design of Running Bipeds', Advances in Climbing and Walking Robots, Proceedings of 10th International Conference (CLAWAR 2007), WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 329-339.
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Abolhasan, M, Wang, JC-P & Franklin, DR 1970, 'On Indoor Multi-hopping capacity of Wireless Ad-Hoc Mesh Networks.', MASS, MASS 2007, IEEE Computer Society, Pisa, Italy, pp. 1-6.
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The capacity and multi-hopping performance of ad hoc mesh networks in dynamic environment still remains an open research issue. Previous theoretical studies suggest that they do not scale in densely distributed networks. However, a study has shown that scalability and hence the multi- hopping capacity of mesh network is not only bound by the number of nodes in the network but also the number of hops [3]. In this paper we investigate the performance of multi- hop ad hoc mesh networks, using both simulation studies and an experimental test-bed, and monitor the performance of the network as the number of hops in the network increases. Our results show that the drop in performance in multi-hopping is much more significant when the traffic levels are high. Furthermore our test-bed study shows that ad hoc mesh networks can maintain high levels of packet delivery and throughput when traffic levels are low, however, the delay experienced continues to increase after each hop.

Abolhasan, M, Wang, JC-P, Franklin, DR & IEEE 1970, 'On indoor multi-hopping capacity of wireless ad-hoc mesh networks', 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOBILE AD-HOC AND SENSOR SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3, IEEE International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems, IEEE, Pisa, ITALY, pp. 917-922.

Adistambha, K, Doeller, M, Tous, R, Gruhne, M, Sano, M, Tsinaraki, C, Christodoulakis, S, Yoon, K, Ritz, CH & Burnett, IS 1970, 'The MPEG-7 query format: a new standard in progress for multimedia query by content', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 479-+.
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Adistamblta, K, Ritz, CH & Burnett, IS 1970, 'MQF: An XML based multimedia query format', Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, ICME 2007, IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME 2007), IEEE, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 264-267.
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MQF is a new XML based format designed to facilitate communication between disparate systems for applications involving multimedia query by content. Currently no standardized protocol exists which are able to provide flexibility in formulation of a query, such as the combination of any multimedia format (image, video, sound) to serve as query terms, combined with very complicated query conditions that can utilize a hierarchy of meta-search engines. In this work, we propose MQF as a flexible solution to serve as a communication format between a client and server for use in content based multimedia searching. © 2007 IEEE.

Agbinya, JI, Reisenfeld, S, Malaney, R, Dutkiewicz, E, Challa, S, Al-Jumaily, A, Ahmed, AA, Lal, S, Braun, R, Chaczko, Z, Sevimli, O, Sithamparanathan, K & Manteuffel, D 1970, 'General Organising Committee', The 2nd International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications (AusWireless 2007), The 2nd International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications (AusWireless 2007), IEEE.
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Ahmad, MR, Dutkiewicz, E & Xiaojing Huang 1970, 'BER-delay characteristics analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks with cooperative MIMO', 2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics, 2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics (APACE), IEEE.
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This paper presents a study of the impact of transmission delay differences between co-operating nodes on bit error rate performance and energy consumption of wireless sensor networks. We consider a wireless sensor network using an Alamouti virtual MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) configuration between collaborating nodes operating in quasi-static Rayleigh flat-fading channels. Our results show that above certain delay difference (in the range above 0.75Tb), the traditional non-cooperative approach is more energy-efficient than the cooperative strategy and that the transmission delay difference has the most significant on the transmission energy consumption in the delay range of below 0.75Tb. © 2007 IEEE.

Ahmed, N, Dong, Y, Bokareva, T, Kanhere, S, Jha, S, Bessell, T, Rutten, M, Ristic, B & Gordon, N 1970, 'Detection and tracking using wireless sensor networks', Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, SenSys07: The 5th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems, ACM.
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Al-Obaisat, Y & Braun, R 1970, 'A Multi-Agent Flexible Architecture for Autonomic Services and Network Management', 2007 IEEE/ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications, 2007 IEEE/ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications, AICCSA '07, IEEE, Amman, JORDAN, pp. 124-+.
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Al-Obasiat, Y & Braun, R 1970, 'A Multi-Agent Flexible Architecture for Autonomic Services and Network Management', 2007 IEEE/ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications, 2007 IEEE/ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications, IEEE, Amman, JORDAN, pp. 132-+.
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Araujo, J, Zowghi, D & Moreira, A 1970, 'An evolutionary model of requirements correctness with early aspects', 9th International Workshop on Principles of Software Evolution, IWPSE 2007, Held in Conjunction with the 6th ESEC/FSE Joint Meeting, International Workshop on Principles of Software Evolution, ACM, Dubrovnik, Croatia, pp. 67-70.
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The achievement of building evolvable systems depends on how efficiently the changeable requirements are elicited and structured by software engineers. In current requirements approaches changing requirements are not dealt with satisfactorily. Partially, this is due to the crosscutting nature of some of these requirements. Aspect-Oriented Requirements Engineering tackles the problem of crosscutting requirements, and its concepts can be used to address this problem. This work describes how early aspects, i.e. aspects identified at early stages of software development, could be integrated to an evolutionary requirements model. © 2007 ACM ISBN.

Baccelli, F, Machiraju, S, Veitch, D & Bolot, JC 1970, 'On optimal probing for delay and loss measurement', Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement, IMC07: Internet Measurement Conference, ACM, ACM, pp. 291-302.
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Bakker, S, Vorstenbosch, D, van den Hoven, E, Hollemans, G & Bergman, T 1970, 'Interactive tangible objects as play pieces in a digital tabletop game', Proceedings of Pervasive Gaming Applications 2007 (PerGamesâ07), Shaker Verlag, Salzburg, Austria, pp. 155-156.
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In this paper we present a new type of tangible interface for a digital tabletop game. This interface consists of an interactive tangible object; a play piece representing a bridge in the game 'Weathergods' [1]. The game players can not only physically change the appearance of the bridge to manipulate the digital world, the digital world in return can also affect the appearance of this play piece.

Bakker, S, Vorstenbosch, D, van den Hoven, E, Hollemans, G & Bergman, T 1970, 'Tangible interaction in tabletop games', Proceedings of the international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology, ACE2007: International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology, ACM, Salzburg, Austria, pp. 163-170.
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In this paper, a study is described which investigates differences in game experience between the use of iconic and symbolic tangibles in digital tabletop interaction. To enable this study, a new game together with two sets of play pieces (iconic and symbolic) was developed and used in an experiment with 30 participants. In this experiment, the understanding of the game, the understanding of the play pieces and the fun experience were tested. Both the group who played with iconic play pieces and the group who played with symbolic play pieces were proven to have a comparable fun experience and understanding of the game. However, the understanding of the play pieces was higher in the iconic group and a large majority of both groups preferred to play with iconic play pieces rather then symbolic play pieces.

Bakker, S, Vorstenbosch, D, van den Hoven, E, Hollemans, G & Bergman, T 1970, 'Weathergods', Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Tangible and embedded interaction, TEI07: Tangible and Embedded Interaction 2007, ACM, Baton Rouge, USA, pp. 151-152.
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In this paper we describe the game 'Weathergods', which is implemented on the Entertaible tabletop gaming platform [1]. The game uses either iconic or symbolic [2] tangible objects for interaction and marries both the advantages of traditional board games and computer games.

Ball, JE 1970, 'Assessing the Quantity and Quality of Runoff From An Urban Roof Catchment', Proc. 7th International Rainwater Conference, Proc. 7th International Rainwater Conference, Sydney, Australia.

Ball, JE & Alexander, M 1970, 'Modelling Street Surface Runoff', Hydroinformatics 2006, International Conference on Hydroinformatics, Research Publishing Services, Nice, France, pp. 288-295.

Ball, JE & Choi, KS 1970, 'Hydroinformatics and its influence on the parameter estimation problem in catchment simulation', Proc. Workshop on Advances in Hydroinformatics, Proc. Workshop on Advances in Hydroinformatics, Niagara Falls, ON, Canada.

Bekker, M, van den Hoven, E, Peters, P & Hemmink, BK 1970, 'Stimulating children's physical play through interactive games', Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Interaction design and children, IDC07: International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, ACM, Aalborg, Denmark, pp. 163-164.
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Children are really intrigued by television and computers. However, the interaction with these products hardly requires any form of body movement. This paper presents two case studies of product designs that provide more opportunities for children to enjoy physical play activities.

Berglund, A & Lister, RF 1970, 'How do students understand computer network protocols?', 20th Annual Conference of the National Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications, National Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications, National Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications, Nelson, New Zealand, pp. 15-20.
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When computing education research is performed in a rigorous and theoretically sound way, it can inform and improve teaching. Having conducted a phenomenographic study of studentsâ understandings of computer network protocols, we present our findings and explain how they can inform the teaching of these protocols. We go on to explore what our results can tell us about the discipline of computer science as a whole.

Beydoun, G, Low, GC, Mouratidis, H & Henderson-Sellers, B 1970, 'Modelling MAS-specific security features', CAiSE'07 Proceedings of Workshops and Doctoral Consortium, Vol 1, International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, Tapir Academic Press, Trondheim, Norway, pp. 183-192.

Bouchachia, A, Gabrys, B & Sahel, Z 1970, 'Overview of Some Incremental Learning Algorithms', 2007 IEEE International Fuzzy Systems Conference, 2007 IEEE International Fuzzy Systems Conference, IEEE, London, ENGLAND, pp. 1811-+.
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Boyd, S, Zowghi, D & Gervasi, V 1970, 'Optimal-constraint lexicons for requirements specifications', REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING: FOUNDATION FOR SOFTWARE QUALITY, International Workshop on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, Springer-Verlag, Trondheim, Norway, pp. 203-217.
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Constrained Natural Languages (CNLs) are becoming an increasingly popular way of writing technical documents such as requirements specifications. This is because CNLs aim to reduce the ambiguity inherent within natural languages, whilst maintaining their readability and expressiveness. The design of existing CNLs appears to be unfocused towards achieving specific quality outcomes, in that the majority of lexical selections have been based upon lexicographer preferences rather than an optimum trade-off between quality factors such as ambiguity, readability, expressiveness, and lexical magnitude. In this paper we introduce the concept of ’replaceability’ as a way of identifying the lexical redundancy inherent within a sample of requirements. Our novel and practical approach uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to enable us to make dynamic trade-offs between quality factors to optimise the resultant CNL. We also challenge the concept of a CNL being a one-dimensional static language, and demonstrate that our optimal-constraint process results in a CNL that can adapt to a changing domain while maintaining its expressiveness.

Brown, TA, Kohan, L & Ben-Nissan, B 1970, 'Assessment by finite element analysis of the impact of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis on hip resurfacing', Proceedings of the 5th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics (ACAM 2007), Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics, Engineers Australia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, pp. 271-276.
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Hip resurfacing is proposed as an alternative to total hip replacement (THR) for treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), especially for younger, heavier and more active sufferers. There is however, concern with regards to the incidence of post operative femoral neck fractures. We have investigated, with finite element models, the changes in stress and strain in the femoral neck following hip resurfacing. We have included several different bone material property values representing normal, elderly, osteoarthritic and osteoporotic bone. We have also modelled two different hip implant orientations. We have shown that hip resurfacing may increase the magnitude of stress and strain in the femoral neck, especially in osteoporotic bone. We have also shown that the superolateral offset associated with the valgus orientation, not the valgus orientation itself, may be what reduces the stress and strain in the neck and leads to lower incidence of fracture.

Brun, T, Devetak, I & Hsieh, M 1970, 'Quantum quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check codes', The 7th Asian Conference on Quantum Information Science (AQIS07), Shiran Kaikan, Kyoto University, Japan.

Brun, TA, Devetak, I & Hsieh, M-H 1970, 'General entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting codes', 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, IEEE, Nice, France, pp. 2101-2105.
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Entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting codes (EAQECCs) make use of pre-existing entanglement between the sender and receiver to boost the rate of transmission. It is possible to construct an EAQECC from any classical linear code, unlike standard QECCs which can only be constructed from dual-containing codes. Operator quantum error-correcting codes (OQECCs) allow certain errors to be corrected (or prevented) passively, reducing the complexity of the correction procedure. We combine these two extensions of standard quantum error correction into a unified entanglement-assisted quantum error correction formalism. This new scheme, which we call entanglement-assisted operator quantum error correction (EAOQEC), is the most general and powerful quantum error-correcting technique known, retaining the advantages of both entanglement-assistance and passive correction. We present the formalism, show the considerable freedom in constructing EAOQECCs from classical codes, and demonstrate the construction with examples. ©2007 IEEE.

Bucknell, AJ, Lowe, DB & Zowghi, D 1970, 'Aligning Web Systems and Organisational Models', AWSOR’07: International Workshop on Aligning Web Systems and Organisational Requirements, Workshops of Conf on Web Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Como, Italy, pp. 132-146.

Burnham, DR & McGloin, D 1970, 'Holographic optical manipulation of aerosols', 2007 European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the International Quantum Electronics Conference, 2007 European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the International Quantum Electronics Conference, IEEE.
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Burnham, DR & McGloin, D 1970, 'Holographic optical manipulation of aerosols', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers.

Burnham, DR, McGloin, D, Wright, GD & Read, ND 1970, 'Holographic optical manipulation of hyphal growth in filamentous fungi', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers.

Cao, L 1970, 'Multi-strategy Integration for Actionable Trading Agents', 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Workshops, 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Workshops, IEEE.
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Cao, L 1970, 'Multi-strategy Integration for Actionable Trading Agents', 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Workshops, 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Workshops, IEEE, San Jose, USA, pp. 487-490.
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Trading agents are very useful for developing and back-testing quality trading strategies to support smart trading actions in the market. However, the existing trading agent research mainly focuses on simple and simulated strategies. As a result, there exists a big gap between academia and business when the developed trading agents are deployed in the real life. Therefore, the actionable capability of developed trading agents is often very limited. In this paper, we introduce approaches for optimizing and integrating multiple classes of strategies for trading agents. Five categories of trading strategies, including 36 types of trading strategies are trained and tested. A strategy integration and optimization approach is proposed to identify golden trading strategy in each category, and finally recommend positions associated with these golden strategies to trading agents. Test in five international markets on ten years of data respectively has shown that the final strategies recommended to trading agents can lead to high benefits while low costs. Concurrent execution of positions recommended by all golden strategies can greatly enhance performance. © 2007 IEEE.

Cao, L & Zhang, C 1970, 'F-trade', Proceedings of the 6th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems, AAMAS07: International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Mulitagent Systems, ACM, Honolulu, Hawai'i, pp. 1363-1364.
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The interaction and integration of agent technology and data mining presents prominent benefits to solve some of challenging issues in individual areas. For instance, data mining can enhance agent learning, while agent can benefit data mining with distributed pattern discovery. In this paper, we summarize the main functionalities and features of an agent service and data mining symbiont -- F-Trade. The F-Trade is constructed in Java agent service following the theory of open complex agent systems. We demonstrate the roles of agents in building up the F-Trade, as well as how agents can support data mining. On the other hand, data mining is used to strengthen agents. F-Trade provides flexible and efficient services of trading evidence back-testing, optimization and discovery, as well as plug and play of algorithms, data and system modules for financial trading and surveillance with online connectivity to huge quantities of global market data. and mining symbiont.

Cao, L, Luo, C & Zhang, C 1970, 'Agent-Mining Interaction: An Emerging Area', Autonomous Intelligent Systems: Multi-Agents and Data Mining, International Workshop Autonomous Intelligent Systems: Agents and Data Mining, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, St. Petersburg, Russia, pp. 60-73.
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In the past twenty years, agents (we mean autonomous agent and multi-agent systems) and data mining (also knowledge discovery) have emerged separately as two of most prominent, dynamic and exciting research areas. In recent years, an increasingly remarkable trend in both areas is the agent-mining interaction and integration. This is driven by not only researcherâs interests, but intrinsic challenges and requirements from both sides, as well as benefits and complementarity to both communities through agent-mining interaction. In this paper, we draw a high-level overview of the agent-mining interaction from the perspective of an emerging area in the scientific family. To promote it as a newly emergent scientific field, we summarize key driving forces, originality, major research directions and respective topics, and the progression of research groups, publications and activities of agent-mining interaction. Both theoretical and application-oriented aspects are addressed. The above investigation shows that the agent-mining interaction is attracting everincreasing attention from both agent and data mining communities. Some complicated challenges in either community may be effectively and efficiently tackled through agent-mining interaction. However, as a new open area, there are many issues waiting for research and development from theoretical, technological and practical perspectives. This work is sponsored by Australian Research Council Discovery Grant (DP0773412, LP0775041, DP0667060, DP0449535), and UTS internal grants.

Cao, L, Luo, C & Zhang, C 1970, 'Developing Actionable Trading Strategies for Trading Agents', 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (IAT'07), 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (IAT'07), IEEE, Fremont, CA, pp. 72-+.
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Cao, L, Zhao, Y, Figueiredo, F, Ou, Y & Luo, D 1970, 'Mining High Impact Exceptional Behavior Patterns', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Nanjing, China, pp. 56-63.
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In the real world, exceptional behavior can be seen in many situations such as security-oriented fields. Such behavior is rare and dispersed, while some of them may be associated with significant impact on the society. A typical example is the event September 11. The key feature of the above rare but significant behavior is its high potential to be linked with some significant impact. Identifying such particular behavior before generating impact on the world is very important. In this paper, we develop several types of high impact exceptional behavior patterns. The patterns include frequent behavior patterns which are associated with either positive or negative impact, and frequent behavior patterns that lead to both positive and negative impact. Our experiments in mining debt-associated customer behavior in social-security areas show the above approaches are useful in identifying exceptional behavior to deeply understand customer behavior and streamline business process. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

Cetindamar, D 1970, 'Benchmarking the Turkish Business Incubators: Supporting Innovation through Innovative Infrastructures', PICMET '07 - 2007 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering & Technology, PICMET '07 - 2007 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering & Technology, IEEE, Portland, OR, pp. 1328-1335.
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Chaczko, Z, Chiang, F & Braun, R 1970, 'Active MIB: Addressing Challenges of Wireless Mesh Networks', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Computer Aided Systems Theory, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, pp. 1199-1207.
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There is a list of very much needed object-oriented and autonomous paradigms that are currently absent from traditional implementations of MIBs in telecommunication systems. We argue that some of autonomous features can be inherent in an application otf an Active MIB mechanism itself, and thus this type of application would be a more appropriate substrate in which to model, develop and integrate the benefits brought by the object-oriented approach. In our work, we claim that active networks are such an application area, in which the object-oriented and autonomous system ideas can be successfully applied. The objective of this research paper is to demonstrate applicability and compatibility of the AMIB concept with functional and architectural requirements of wireless mesh networks. This paper introduces new approaches for using AMIB-based mechanisms in telecommunication networks as well as discusses autonomic processes and algorithms that can be used to manage such networks. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

Chaczko, Z, Klempous, R, Nikodem, J & Nikodem, M 1970, 'Methods of Sensors Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks', 14th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (ECBS'07), 14th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (ECBS'07), IEEE, pp. 145-152.
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In recent years there has been a growing interest in wireless sensor networks (WSN) applications. Such sensor networks can be used to control temperature, humidity, contamination, pollution etc. Self-organization and routing algorithms dedicated to wireless sensor networks usually assume that sensors absolute positions are unknown and all decisions are based on sensor's own local information. This assumption makes wireless sensor networks more flexible and energy conserve because making decisions locally is faster and energy efficient. But sooner or later sensors positions have to be found (when sensor sends a message about some event we of course would like to know where this event takes place). In this paper we describe different solutions of finding transceivers positions in wireless networks and we discuss localization in wireless sensor networks. We propose to transfer localization function from base stations to every sensor. We evaluate presented method using simulations. © 2007 IEEE.

Chaivongvilan, S, Sharma, D & Sandu, S 1970, 'Energy Challenges in Thailand: An Overview', The Second GMSARN International Conference 2007 on Sustainable Development: Challenges and Opportunities for the Greater Mekong Subregion, pp. 1-7.

Chakraborty, S & Yeh, CH 1970, 'Comparing normalization procedures in multiattribute decision making under various problem settings', Proceedings of CITA'07 : The fifth international conference on information technology in Asia 2007, Fifth International Conference on Information Technology in Asia, Universiti Malaysia sarawak, Malaysia, pp. 36-42.

Chakraborty, S & Yeh, C-H 1970, 'A simulation based comparative study of normalization procedures in multiattribute decision making', AIKED'07 Proceedings of the 6th Conference on 6th WSEAS Int. Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, Knowledge Engineering and Data Bases - Volume 6, World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society (WSEAS), Corfu Island, Greece, pp. 102-109.
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Normalization procedures are required in multiattribute decision making (MADM) to transform performance ratings with different data measurement units in a decision matrix into a compatible unit. MADM methods generally use one particular normalization procedure without considering the suitability of other available procedures. This study compares four commonly known normalization procedures in terms of their ranking consistency and overall preference value consistency when used with the most widely used simple additive weight method. To achieve this, new performance measure indices are introduced and new simulation settings are devised for dealing with various measurement settings. A wide range of MADM problems with various measurement scales are generated by simulation for the comparison study. The experiment result shows that vector normalization and linear scale transformation (the max method) outperforms other normalization procedures when used with SAW.

Chan, KY, Ling, SH, Chan, KW, Iu, HHC, Pong, GTY & IEEE 1970, 'Solving multi-contingency transient stability constrained optimal power flow problems with an improved GA', 2007 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-10, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 2901-2908.
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Chan, KY, Ling, SH, Iu, HHC, Kwong, CK & IEEE 1970, 'A GA-based data mining approach to process improvement of fluid dispensing for electronic packaging', 2007 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-10, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 4350-4357.
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Chen, J, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'A general method for designing the transformer of flyback converters based on nonlinear FEA of electromagnetic field coupled with external circuit', 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 10-+.

Chen, J, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'An improved Phase Variable Model Based on Electro-magnetic Field Coupled with its External Circuits for Performance Evaluation of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motors', 2007 2nd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2007 2nd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, IEEE, Harbin, China, pp. 955-959.
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This paper presents the comprehensive performance evaluation of a brushless permanent magnet (PM) DC (BLDC) motor in dynamic conditions by an improved phase variable model based on electro-magnetic field coupled with its external circuits. In the proposed model, the inductances, back electromotive force (emf) and cogging torque are obtained by nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA). The phase variable model is built and implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink through a method of look-up table to decide the emf which depends on rotor position. Furthermore, based on a mathematical function for the decision to the voltage of the three phase winding central point, the model could not only solve the problem to decide the input voltage of the phase which is in a non-energized condition, and also make the transient current process during the commutation clear. The theoretical verification is also given in detail. By using the developed model, the comprehensive performance of BLDC motors could be investigated.

Chen, J, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Jin, J 1970, 'Heavy Load Simulation Model of Flyback Switching DC-DC Converters and its Application for Reliability Improvement', 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, IEEE, New Orleans, USA, pp. 2295-2302.
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This paper presents the simulation model of flyback switching DC-DC converters operating in heavy load modes, and the application of the model in the converter design for improving the system reliability. To derive the simulation model, different operational modes and atomic circuit blocks (ACB) are established first. Then, the state-machine of the system is studied. Finally, the transfer function of each ACB is determined, and according to the relationship among the ACBs, the complete simulation model is built, which can be used for transient analysis during starting, the operation in the under-voltage mode or over-current mode. Furthermore, the heavy load simulation model is applied to calculate the maximum steady-state power loss of the output diode, one of the key factors for thermal analysis which is crucial for the system reliability. The effect of time delay is also considered. By modifying the parameters of a physical flyback converter according to the simulation results, the converter reliability is significantly improved. The theoretical analysis is verified by experimental results.

Chen, J, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Jin, J 1970, 'Heavy Load Simulation Model of Flyback Switching DC-DC Converters and its Application for Reliability Improvement', 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, IEEE.
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Chen, J, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Jin, J 1970, 'Performance Analysis of a Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor Using an Improved Phase Variable Model', 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, IEEE.
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Chen, J, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Jin, J 1970, 'Performance Analysis of a Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor Using an Improved Phase Variable Model', 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, IEEE, New Orleans, USA, pp. 2169-2174.
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This paper presents the performance analysis of a high-speed surface mounted permanent magnet (PM) brushless DC motor by using an improved phase variable model. Magnetic field finite element analyses are conducted to accurately calculate key motor parameters such as air gap flux, back electromotive force and inductance, and their dependence on rotor position and magnetic saturation. To evaluate the comprehensive performance of the motor, especially the motor output at high-speed operation, which is affected by the dynamic inductances, an improved phase variable model is derived. In the model, the rotor position dependence of the key parameters is taken into account. The motor prototype has been constructed and tested with both a dynamometer and a high-speed embroidery machine, validating successfully the theoretical calculations.

Chen, J, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'A 2-D nonlinear FEA tool embedded in Matlab/Simulink surrounding for application of electromagnetic field analysis in power converters', Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS 2007, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, Korea, pp. 1423-1427.
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This paper presents a 2-D nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) tool embedded in Matlab/Simulink surrounding for the application of electromagnetic field analysis in power converters. Comparing with other FEA tools such as ANSYS and ANSOFT, as different control arithmetic has been realized in Matlab/Simulink surrounding, the significant advance by using the FEA tool embedded in Matlab/Simulink surrounding is that the field analysis can be more easily interfaced with the external control arithmetic. Considering that the characteristics of most field analyses in power converters which are static electromagnetic equipments, not only the general application procedure of the 2-D FEA tool is introduced, but also some improvements for strengthening its function is proposed. As an example, the proposed model is implemented for the performance analysis of a flyback switching AC-DC converter. By running the proposed model in Simulink surrounding, several performances can be obtained efficiently.

Chen, J, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'A 2-D nonlinear FEA tool embedded in Matlab/Simulink surrounding for application of electromagnetic field analysis in power converters', 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 694-+.

Chen, J, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'A general method for deciding the input filter capacitance of flyback switching AC-DC converter with peak current-controlled mode', 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVE SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4, 7th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS 2007), IEEE, Bangkok, THAILAND, pp. 510-+.

Chen, J, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'A General Method for Deciding the Input Filter Capacitance of Flyback Switching AC-DC Converter with Peak Current-Controlled Mode', 2007 7th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2007 7th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, IEEE, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 279-283.
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This paper presents a general method for deciding the input filter capacitance of flyback switching ac- dc converters with peak current-controlled mode. Firstly, a simulation model for flyback ac-dc converter is obtained by adding the rectifier and filter circuit to a flyback dc-dc converter model developed by the authors. The simulation results show that the processes of capacitor charging and discharging are independent, their boundary is near the maximal value of input voltage, and the part of flyback dc- dc converter can be seen as an approximately constant power load. Secondly, an analytic model for deciding the input power of flyback dc-dc converter with rated load and different input dc voltages is presented. Furthermore, the effect caused by the parasitical parameters in the electronic parts is studied, and the corresponding analytical method for deciding the input filter capacitance is given. The effect on the capacitance caused by the control delay is analyzed qualitatively.

Chen, J, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'A unified hybrid model with two level networks for peak current mode controlled buck-boost converters operating in DCM and CCM', 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 1-+.

Chen, J, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'Modeling and performance analysis of energy regeneration system in electric vehicle with permanent magnet DC motor driving system', 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 1663-+.

Chen, J, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'Modeling and performance analysis of energy regeneration system in electric vehicle with permanent magnet DC motor driving system', Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS 2007, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, Korea, pp. 2051-2056.
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This paper presents the modeling and performance analysis of energy regeneration system (ERS) of electric vehicle with permanent magnet DC motor driving system. Based on the boost equivalent circuit with average current mode controlled ERS, a detailed switching model (DSM) is built to predict the dynamical performance. The DSM includes four blocks: system dynamics block, permanent magnet DC motor block, boost converter block and system performance calculation block. An automatic mechanism of linearizing the nonlinear system at the local operating point is enrolled to obtain the small signal average model (SSAM) of ERS, by which the frequency domain performance can be acquired. The proposed models are implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. By running the simulation model, several important performances of ERS are obtained.

Chen, J, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Jin, J 1970, 'Performance Analysis of Energy Regeneration System of Electric Vehicle with Two Wheels under the Mode of Constant Braking Torque', 2007 2nd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2007 2nd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, IEEE, Harbin, China, pp. 891-895.
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A comprehensive performance analysis is crucial for advance a system to a practical level. This paper presents the performance analysis of energy regeneration system (ERS) of electric vehicle (EV) with two wheels under the model of constant braking torque (CBT). For this, a boost equivalent circuit for main power case (MPC) of ERS is obtained firstly, and then a large signal time domain average model of MPC, which constitutes the complete model of ERS along with the other three parts: system dynamics model, permanent dc motor driving system model and system performance calculation model, is given here. During modeling ERS, a new method based on state forecast viewer is proposed to identify the state (CCM or DCM) of the MPC. As a nonlinear system, the large signal time domain model of ERS can't be transferred to frequency domain model and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink directly, a method of dividing the system into a slow variable system and a fast variable system is introduced. By running this simulation model, several important performances of ERS are obtained efficiently.

Chen, JX, Guo, YG & Zhu, JG 1970, 'A general method for designing the transformer of flyback converters based on nonlinear FEA of electromagnetic field coupled with external circuit', Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS 2007, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, Korea, pp. 195-199.
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This paper presents a general method for designing the transformer of flyback switching AC-DC converters based on nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) of electromagnetic field coupled with external circuit. For that, the variation patterns of the PWM duty ratio and the current flowing through the windings of transformer versus the input voltage are introduced first, and then several important principles for the design of the transformer are given by using analytical method. As the magnetic saturation and control delay possess heavy influence on the safety of the operation, a MATLAB/Simulink based simulation model, in which both the nonlinear differential inductance and the control delay are included, is built to predict the converter transient performance. The nonlinear differential inductance is calculated by a general program of nonlinear 2-D FEA in Matlab/Simulink surrounding. By running the model, the performances of the converter with different loads and input voltages are obtained. Simulation results are in good agreement with theoretical analysis.

Chen, JX, Zhu, JG & Guo, YG 1970, 'A unified hybrid model with two level networks for peak current mode controlled buck-boost converters operating in DCM and CCM', Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS 2007, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, Korea, pp. 186-190.
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Theis paper presents a unified hybrid model with two level networks for peak current mode controlled buck-boost converters operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). It is a network model with two levels in which both a detailed switching model and a small signal average model are included correspondingly. The nonlinearity of some electronic components and the parasitical effects of circuit elements are considered. The nonlinear inductance is calculated by finite element analysis (FEA). The dynamical performance of the buck-boost converter can be obtained from the detailed switching model in the first level network, and then the frequency domain performance can be obtained from the average model in the second level network. As an automatic mechanism of exchanging data between two models is proposed, all the performances can be obtained automatically. By implementing the proposed model in Simulink surrounding, both the large signal transient performance and the frequency domain behavior of converters are obtained efficiently.

Chen, L, Bhowmick, S & Nejdl, W 1970, 'Mirror site maintenance based on evolution associations of web directories', Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web, WWW'07: 16th International World Wide Web Conference, ACM.
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Chen, Q, Li, Z & Yu, S 1970, 'A Cross-Authentication Model for Heterogeneous Domains in Active Networks', 2007 IFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing Workshops (NPC 2007), 2007 IFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing Workshops (NPC 2007), IEEE, Dalian, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 140-+.
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Chen, Q, Li, Z & Yu, S 1970, 'A Cross-Authentication Model for Heterogeneous Domains in Active Networks', 2007 IFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing Workshops (NPC 2007), 2007 IFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing Workshops (NPC 2007), IEEE, pp. 140-143.
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Active network has been applied widely recently. The current status is that there is coexistence of multi-PKI in heterogeneous domains. We have noticed there are little work has been done in cross-certification for heterogeneous domains. In this paper, we propose a cross-authentication model for the raised issue. Our system implements mutual entity authentication among heterogeneous domains based on Cert-PKI and ID-PKI. The theoretical analysis and the preliminary experiments demonstrate that the proposed system possesses the properties of high security and stability. © 2007 IEEE.

Chen, Y, Wu, Q & He, X 1970, 'Study on human behaviour retrieval', Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision, and Pattern Recognition, IPCV 2007, International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, pp. 448-454.
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Human behavior analysis is a hot topic in computer vision and is applied widely in many applications. Human behavior retrieval is another frontier technology in the area of multimedia information retrieval, which is related to human behavior analysis but holds several differences because of its special application purpose. Human behaviour retrieval to some extent is similar to human behaviour analysis, but the technology used for human behavior analysis cannot be used for human behavior directly. This paper will address such kind of differences and review several technologies including video retrieval, feature extraction, similarity measure and human behavior analysis. This paper will also address the importance of human behaviour retrieval. The ideas unveiled by this paper will benefit the research community and indicate a direction of human behavior retrieval research.

Chen, Y, Wu, Q, He, S, Jia, W & Hintz, TB 1970, 'Pixel Structure Based on Hausdorff Distance for Human Detection in Outdoor Environments', Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications, Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications, IEEE Computer Society, Glenelg, Australia, pp. 67-72.
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This paper proposes a novel method for human detection from static images based on pixel structure of input images. In training stage, all sample images consisting of human images and non-human images are used to construct a Hausdorff distance map based on statistically analyzing the difference between the different blocks on each original image. A projection matrix will be created with Linear Discriminant Method (LDM) based on the Hausdorff distance map. This projection matrix will be used to transform multidimensional feature vectors (distance maps of testing images) into a feature in a one-dimensional domain. The decision will be made on the simple one dimensional feature domain according to a precalculated threshold to distinguish human figures from non-human figures. In comparison with the common method based on Mahalanobis distance maps, the proposed method based on Hausdorff distance maps performs much better. Encouraging experimental results have been obtained using 800 human images and 800 non-human images.

Chen, Y, Wu, Q, He, X, Jia, W & Hintz, T 1970, 'Pixel Structure Based on Hausdorff Distance for Human Detection in Outdoor Environments', 9th Biennial Conference of the Australian Pattern Recognition Society on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications (DICTA 2007), 9th Biennial Conference of the Australian Pattern Recognition Society on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications (DICTA 2007), IEEE, pp. 67-72.
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This paper proposes a novel method for human detection from static images based on pixel structure of input images. In training stage, all sample images consisting of human images and non-human images are used to construct a Hausdorff distance map based on statistically analyzing the difference between the different blocks on each original image. A projection matrix will be created with Linear Discriminant Method (LDM) based on the Hausdorff distance map. This projection matrix will be used to transform multi-dimensional feature vectors (distance maps of testing images) into a feature in a one-dimensional domain. The decision will be made on the simple one-dimensional feature domain according to a precalculated threshold to distinguish human figures from non-human figures. In comparison with the common method based on Mahalanobis distance maps, the proposed method based on Hausdorff distance maps performs much better. Encouraging experimental results have been obtained using 800 human images and 800 non-human images. © 2007 IEEE.

Cheng, B, Ritz, C & Burnett, I 1970, 'Encoding Independent Sources in Spatially Squeezed Surround Audio Coding', ADVANCES IN MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION PROCESSING - PCM 2007, 8th Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, City Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 804-813.
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Cheng, B, Ritz, C & Burnett, I 1970, 'Principles and Analysis of the Squeezing Approach to Low Bit Rate Spatial Audio Coding', 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - ICASSP '07, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - ICASSP '07, IEEE.
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This paper presents a novel solution to multichannel spatial audio coding; Spatial Squeezing Surround Audio Coding (S3AC). The S3AC scheme analyses a multichannel audio: signal and downmixes it into a stereo signal pair containing both the monophonic properties of audio sources and their localization information; this avoids the need for side information. The approach uses timefrequency analysis of a spatial audio scene and exploits Virtual sources and amplitude panning techniques to 'squeeze' 360° of a horizontal soundfield to a 60° stereo signal pair. In comparison with other spatial audio coding techniques, S3AC significantly advances in-band encoding of the localization information in the original sound scene and achieves accurate recoverability of dynamic localized sources. © 2007 IEEE.

Cheng, E, Burnett, IS & Ritz, C 1970, 'Time Delay Estimation of Reverberant Meeting Speech: On the Use of Multichannel Linear Prediction', 2007 Third International IEEE Conference on Signal-Image Technologies and Internet-Based System, 2007 Third International IEEE Conference on Signal-Image Technologies and Internet-Based System SITIS, IEEE, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 531-537.
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Cheng, TM, Savkin, AV, Celler, BG, Wang, L, Su, SW & IEEE 1970, 'A nonlinear dynamic model for heart rate response to treadmill walking exercise', 2007 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-16, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, IEEE, Lyon, France, pp. 2988-2991.
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A dynamic model of the heart rate response to treadmill walking exercise is presented. The model is a feedback interconnected system; the subsystem in the forward path represents the neural response to exercise, while the subsystem in the feedback path describes the peripheral local response. The parameters of the model were estimated from 5 healthy adult male subjects, each undertaking 3 sets of walking exercise at different speeds. Simulated responses from the model closely match the experimental data both in the exercise and the recovery phases. The model will be useful in explaining the cardiovascular response to exercise and in the design of exercise protocols for individuals.

Cheong, CY, Lin, CJ, Tan, KC & Liu, DK 1970, 'A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for berth allocation in a container port', 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 927-934.
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This paper considers a berth allocation problem (BAP) which requires the determination of exact berthing times and positions of incoming ships in a container port. The problem is solved by optimizing the berth schedule so as to minimize concurrently the three objectives of make span, number of crossings, and waiting time. These objectives represent the interests of both port and ship operators. A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) that incorporates the concept of Pareto optimality is proposed for solving the multi-objective BAP. The MOEA is equipped with a novel solution decoding scheme which is specifically designed to optimize the use of berth space. The MOEA is also able to function in a dynamic context which is of more relevance to a real-world situation. © 2007 IEEE.

Chiang, F & Braun, R 1970, 'Self-adaptability and Vulnerability Assessment of Secure Autonomic Communication Networks', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Sapporo, Japan, pp. 112-122.
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Risk and Vulnerability Analysis (RVA) aims at identifying the weaknesses of the networks that may be exploited to compromise the normal functions, such as service deployment, file system access permissions, applications activations and so on. Autonomic Communication Networks (ACNs) are recently proposed as business-objective driven high-level self-managed telecommunication networks with the adaptation capability to cope with increasing dynamics. Adaptation capability termed as adaptability becomes the premise of realizing thorough autonomy. As a theoretic foundation, we firstly propose an innovative Object-oriented Management Information Base (O:MIB). Secondly, a new information-theoretic security awareness strategy inspired from human immune system is proposed to reconfigure file access right, which has a direct relation with adaptability. The experimental results validate this methodology and find out a statistical bound for operators to set a vulnerability level of warning in practice. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

Chiang, F & Braun, R 1970, 'Towards a Management Paradigm with a Constrained Benchmark for Autonomic Communications', Computational Intelligence and Security: International Conference - CIS 06, International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Guangzhou, China, pp. 250-258.
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This paper describes a management paradigm to give effect to autonomic activation, monitoring and control of services or products in the future converged telecommunications networks. It suggests an architecture that places the various management functions into a structure that can then be used to select those functions which may yield to autonomic management, as well as guiding the design of the algorithms. The validation of this architecture, with particular focus on service configuration, is done via a genetic algorithm -- Population Based Incremental Learning (PBIL). Even with this centralized adaptation strategy, the simulation results show that the proposed architecture and benchmark can be applied to this constrained benchmark, produces effective convergence performance in terms of finding nearly optimal configurations under multiple constraints.

Chiang, F, Agbinya, J & Braun, R 1970, 'Risk and Vulnerability Assessment of Secure Autonomic Communication Networks', The 2nd International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications (AusWireless 2007), The 2nd International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications (AusWireless 2007), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 40-45.
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Risk and Vulnerability Analysis (RVA) aims at identifying the weaknesses of the networks that may be exploited to compromise the normal functions, such as service deployment, file system access permissions, applications activations and so on. Autonomic Communication Networks (ACNs) are recently proposed as business-objective driven high-level self-managed telecommunication networks with the adaptation capability to cope with increasing dynamics. Adaptation capability termed as adaptability becomes the premise of realizing thorough autonomy. As a theoretic foundation, we firstly propose an innovative Object-oriented Management Information Base (O:MIB). Secondly, a new information-theoretic security awareness strategy inspired from human immune system is proposed to reconfigure file access right, which has a direct relation with adaptability. The experimental results validate this methodology and find out a statistical bound for operators to set a vulnerability level of warning in practice. © 2007 IEEE.

Chiang, F, Fernandez, H, Braun, R & Agbinya, J 1970, 'Integrating object-oriented O:XML semantics into autonomic decentralised functionalities', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Darling Harbour, Sydney, pp. 768-773.
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Autonomic Communications have attracted huge attention recently for telecommunication network management in the European Network Research Community. The aim of this research is to propose an Object- oriented hybrid O:MIB structure to replace current MIB architecture and establish a way of enabling O:XML technology into autonomic communications more efficiently with such abilities as autonomy, scalability, adaptation as well as simplicity for autonomic management application in complex networks. This paper presents an experiment that evaluates the performances of O:MIBs in terms of the loss rate, link utilization, management polling with regards to the congestion avoidance process. Simulation results show that O:MIBs provide compatibility with existing MIBs and proved to be an efficient extension over traditional SNMP MIB approach in a view that the workload of manager is greatly reduced. Ve conclude this end- to- end approach maintains self- managing capability, easy- to- implement scalability involving heterogeneous smart algorithms for variant tasks. © 2007 IEEE.

Childs, AM & Lee, T 1970, 'Optimal quantum adversary lower bounds for ordered search', Proc. 35th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming (ICALP 2008), Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5125, pp. 869-880, International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Reykjavik, Iceland, pp. 869-880.
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The goal of the ordered search problem is to find a particular item in anordered list of n items. Using the adversary method, Hoyer, Neerbek, and Shiproved a quantum lower bound for this problem of (1/pi) ln n + Theta(1). Here,we find the exact value of the best possible quantum adversary lower bound fora symmetrized version of ordered search (whose query complexity differs fromthat of the original problem by at most 1). Thus we show that the best lowerbound for ordered search that can be proved by the adversary method is (1/pi)ln n + O(1). Furthermore, we show that this remains true for the generalizedadversary method allowing negative weights.

Choi, FC, Li, J, Samali, B & Crews, K 1970, 'Damage evaluation of a timber beam using a modal-based method', Progress in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 19th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, ACMSM19, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Taylor and Francis, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 1005-1010.
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In Australia, many timber bridges are old and increasingly experience deterioration, aging and traffic overloading problems. These have attracted attention of researchers to evaluate the current state of such bridges. Whilst proof-load testing and traditional nondestructive evaluation (NDE) provide valuable tools, such procedures are often time consuming and costly. For bridge structures, to develop effective NDE at global level viz damage identification and structural health monitoring using modal-based damage identification methods have engrossed recent worldwide research efforts. However, to date there are few works reported on timber bridges using modal-based damage identification methods to evaluate their state of health. In this paper, modal-based damage identification methods for localization of damage in timber bridges are presented based on finite element analysis (FEA) and test results of a timber beam. Two algorithms of global NDE for identifying local damage and decay in timber structures are investigated. The methods employ modal parameters that monitor changes in modal strain energy (MSE) based on curvature mode shapes of a damaged beam with respect to the undamaged one. The aim of the study is to investigate the capability and limitations of the proposed algorithms for detecting damage with multiple damage scenarios in timber structures. Between the two proposed modal based damage identification algorithms, the modified method has shown better results in solving multiple damage problems. © 2007 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Chotiprayanakul, P, Liu, D, Wang, D & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Collision-Free Trajectory Planning for Manipulator Using Virtual Force based Approach', Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering, Applied Sciences, and Technology (ICEAST 2007), International Conference on Engineering, Applied Sciences, and Technology, KMITL, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 351-354.

Chotiprayanakul, P, Liu, DK, Wang, D & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'A 3-dimensional force field method for robot collision avoidance in complex environments', Automation and Robotics in Construction - Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Kochi, Kerala, India, pp. 139-145.
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This paper proposes a three-dimensional force field (3D-F 2) method for efficient motion planning and collision avoidance of a 6DOF manipulator in complex and dynamic environments while keeping the planned end-effector's path and speed unchanged. The 3D-F 2 is defined as ellipsoid shapes covering selected links of a manipulator. When the manipulator moves and its ellipsoid force field approaches to an obstacle in a tolerant range, a repulsive force will be generated and considered in the robot kinematic and dynamic analyses. In infrastructure maintenance, spray-painting and sand-blasting operations require that the operating spot 'moves' smoothly and continuously along planned path on a work surface at a constant speed, and allow changes in length and orientation of the spray/blasting stream. Thus, the stream is supposed to be another link and the end of stream performs as a spherical joint fixed on the target surface. Various simulations in a construction area show that the 3D-F 2 can retain the operating path and effectively avoid potential collisions.

Christen, P, Gao, J, Kennedy, PJ, Li, J, Li, W, Kolyshkina, I, Ong, K & Williams, G 1970, 'Data Mining, Artificial Intelligence & Analytics 2007: Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Data Mining Conference (AusDM 2007) and the 2nd International Workshop on Integrating AI and Data Mining (AIDM 2007)', Data Mining, Artificial Intelligence & Analytics 2007: Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Data Mining Conference (AusDM 2007) and the 2nd International Workshop on Integrating AI and Data Mining (AIDM 2007), Australian Data Mining Conference, Australian Computer Society, Gold Coast, Australia.

Colquitt, D & Leaney, J 1970, 'Expanding the View on Complexity within the Architecture Trade-off Analysis Method', 14th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (ECBS'07), 14th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (ECBS'07), IEEE, Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ, pp. 45-+.
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Colquitt, D & Leaney, JR 1970, 'Expanding the view on Complexity within the Architecture Trade-off Analysis Method', Proceedings of the 20th IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Computer Based Systems (ECBS), IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE, Tucson, Arizona, pp. 1-10.

Conder, P, Gao, J, Abolhasan, M & IEEE 1970, 'Distributed MIMO systems using Asterism decoding', 2007 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES, VOLS 1-3, International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 269-272.
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Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems have received enormous attention by researchers as they can provide a roughly linear increase in capacity of wireless communications systems by using multiple transmit and receive antennas. Even with the larger raw data rates provided by MIMO, the throughput of these systems can be limited by the number of users (or networks) sharing the medium. This paper shows how multiple users (or networks) transmitting simultaneously can be represented as a MIMO system with a lager number of transmit than receive antennas. After reviewing existing decoders for such a MIMO system, this paper then proposes applying an Asterism based decoder to distinguish between multiple users transmitting simultaneously. This produces a new multi-user access scheme that can be applied in addition to a primary access method, such as CSMA-CA.

Craig, DA & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Adaptive EEG Thought Pattern Classifier for Advanced Wheelchair Control', 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Lyon, France, pp. 2544-2547.
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This paper presents a real-time Electroencephalogram (EEG) classification system, with the goal of enhancing the control of a head-movement controlled power wheelchair for patients with chronic Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). Using a 32 channel recording device, mental command data was collected from 10 participants. This data was used to classify three different mental commands, to supplement the five commands already available using head movement control. Of the 32 channels that were recorded only 4 were used in the classification, achieving an average classification rate of 82%. This paper also demonstrates that there is an advantage to be gained by doing adaptive training of the classifier. That is, customizing the classifier to a person previously unseen by the classifier caused their average recognition rates to improve from 52.5% up to 77.5%. © 2007 IEEE.

Crews, K 1970, 'Defining appropriate limit states for design of timber connections in Australia and New Zealand', Progress in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 19th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, ACMSM19, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Taylor & Francis (Balkema), Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 1011-1016.
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Both Australia and New Zealand design standards for timber structures are in limit states format, but these are first generation soft conversions of previous working stress design standards. It is anticipated that development of a new combined Australian and New Zealand standard for design of timber structures will commence shortly. There is a shared view amongst some researchers that the current approach is limited, since it does not distinguish between serviceability and 'ultimate' strength events and is not particularly relevant for connections in high performance timber structures. This paper discusses these matters and presents an overview of relevant literature and research work that has been undertaken to date, with recommendations for future development. © 2007 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Curry, JM, McGregor, C & Tracy, S 1970, 'A systems development life cycle approach to patient journey modeling projects', Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 12th World Congress on Health (Medical) Informatics, IOS PRESS, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA, pp. 905-909.
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Patient Journey Modeling, a relatively recent innovation in healthcare quality improvement, models the patient's movement through a Health Care Organisation (HCO) by viewing it from a patient centric perspective. A Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) provides a standard project management framework that can improve the quality of information systems. The concept of following a consistent project management framework to boost quality outcomes can be applied equally to healthcare improvement. This paper describes a SDLC designed specifically for the health care domain and in particular patient journey modeling projects. It goes on to suggest that such a framework can be used to compliment the dominant healthcare improvement method, the Model for Improvement. The key contribution of this paper is the introduction of a project management framework in the form of an SDLC that can be used by non-professional computer developers (ie: health care staff), to improve the consistency and quality of outcomes for patient journey redesign projects. Experiences of applying the SDLC in a midwife-led primary-care maternity services environment are discussed. The project team found the steps logical and easy to follow and produced demonstrable improvement results along with ongoing goal-focused action plans. © 2007 The authors. All rights reserved.

D. Wang, N. M. Kwok, D. K. Liu, H. Lau & G. Dissanayake 1970, 'PSO-Tuned F² method for multi-robot navigation', 2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, San Diego, California, USA, pp. 3765-3770.
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The F2 (Force Field) method is a novel approach for multi-robot motion planning and collision avoidance. The setting of parameters is however vital to its performance. This paper presents an approach using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to properly determine the control parameters for the F 2 method. The goal of the optimization is to minimize the resultant path lengths. The approach presented in this paper can be used as a tool to obtain optimal parameters for various tasks before their execution. Simulations are carried out in various environments to show the feasibility of this approach. ©2007 IEEE.

Dempsey, T, Ngo, H, Palmer, CG & Guo, W 1970, 'Application of Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) to a Typical Nursery Industry in Australia', Proceedings of International Conference on Cleaner Technologies and Environmental Management, International Conference on Cleaner Technologies and Environmental Management, Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., India, pp. 15-20.
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Di Leonardo, R, Ruocco, G, Leach, J, Padgett, MJ, Wright, AJ, Girkin, JM, Burnham, DR & McGloin, D 1970, 'Parametric excitation of optically trapped aerosols', SPIE Proceedings, NanoScience + Engineering, SPIE, San Diego, CA.
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Ding, B, Yu, JX, Wang, S, Qin, L, Zhang, X & Lin, X 1970, 'Finding top-k min-cost connected trees in databases', 2007 IEEE 23RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA ENGINEERING, VOLS 1-3, IEEE 23rd International Conference on Data Engineering, IEEE, TURKEY, Istanbul, pp. 811-+.

Ding, B, Yu, JX, Wang, S, Qin, L, Zhang, X & Lin, X 1970, 'Finding Top-k Min-Cost Connected Trees in Databases.', ICDE, IEEE Computer Society, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 836-845.
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It widely realized that the integration of database and information retrieval techniques will provide users with a wide range of high quality services. In this paper, we study processing an l-keyword query, p1, p2, ⋯, p1, against a relational database which can be modeled as a weighted graph, G(V, E). Here V is a set of nodes (tuples) and E is a set of edges representing foreign key references between tuples. Let Vi⊆7 V be a set of nodes that contain the keyword pi. We study finding top-k minimum cost connected trees that contain at least one node in every subset Vi, and denote our problem as GST-k When k = 1, it is known as a minimum cost group Steiner tree problem which is NP-Complete. We observe that the number of keywords, l, is small, and propose a novel parameterized solution, with l as a parameter, to find the optimal GST-1, in time complexity O(3ln + 2l ((l + log n)n + m)), where n and m are the numbers of nodes and edges in graph G. Our solution can handle graphs with a large number of nodes. Our GST-1 solution can be easily extended to support GST-k, which outperforms the existing GST-k solutions over both weighted undirected/directed graphs. We conducted extensive experimental studies, and report our finding. © 2007 IEEE.

Ding, GK, Smith, PV & Yan, L 1970, 'The cost management system in China - The impact of social and economic reforms in the construction industry', Proceedings of CRIOCM 2007 International Research Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate, Construction Management and Real Estate International Symposium, The Chinese Research Institute of Construction Management, Sydney, pp. 660-669.

Ding, GKC 1970, 'The evaluation of environmentally sustainable residential development using a building sustainability index', Association of Researchers in Construction Management, ARCOM 2007 - Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference, Association of Researchers in Construction Management Annual Conference, ARCOM Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK, pp. 851-860.
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Green homes or eco-homes have been built in many countries and have played an important role in setting a benchmark in ecologically sensitive housing and guiding industry in the design and construction of sustainable houses. According to the Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Natural Resources a new dwelling is built every 14 minutes in New South Wales, Australia. This paper examines the introduction of an online tool the Building and Sustainability Index (BASIX) as mandatory to all residential developments in New South Wales. It is two and half years since the introduction of the index and yet no attempt has been made to ascertain its impact on the construction industry. An online survey was conducted to ascertain this impact and it was found that free access to the tool via internet was one of the main reasons for its success. It was also generally accepted that the tool has played a significant role in providing a general guideline for the sustainability performance of a proposed development. This paper discusses the results of the survey.

Ding, GKC & Runeson, G 1970, 'A basix tool for environmental assessment of residential buildings - An australian approach', CME 2007 Conference - Construction Management and Economics: 'Past, Present and Future', Construction Management and Economics Conference, University of Reading, UK, Reading, UK, pp. 931-939.
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The rapidly growing population in New South Wales (NSW) is the driving force behind the growth in new housing. The environmental impact in terms of land use, energy and resource consumption will significantly impede the supply of new housing. In NSW, sustainable housing has become an important focus of the government's housing policy. In response to the need for sustainable housing, the government launched a sustainability assessment tool called BASIX in July 2004 to assess and establish indoor thermal comfort, water and energy efficiency targets, and sustainability levels. The introduction of BASIX has had a profound impact on the construction industry. In order to ascertain the extent of impact, an online survey was conducted among construction professionals in NSW in March 2006. The tool has played a significant role in providing a general guideline for the sustainability performance of proposed developments. It serves as a means to make people think about water and energy saving initiatives, and to encourage good design practice without excessive additions to the cost of a new building. However, there is the opinion that there is more to be done such as control of waste and energy usage in the manufacturing of building materials.

Ding, L-N, Hao, H & Zhu, X-Q 1970, 'Evaluation of dynamic vehicle axle loads on bridges of different surface conditions', STRUCTURAL CONDITION ASSESSMENT, MONITORING AND IMPROVEMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2, 2nd International Conference on Structural Condition Assessment, Monitoring and Improvement (SCAMI-2), SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA, Changsha, pp. 670-676.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 1970, 'An Integrative view of the concept of Digital Ecosystem', International Conference on Networking and Services (ICNS '07), 2007 International Conference on Networking and Services, IEEE.
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In the literature we fid two broad definitions of the concept of Digital Ecosystem, hence leading to confusion and ambiguity with regards to its semantic interpretation. In this paper we make use of ontology, which is a well-known tool for knowledge sharing, in order to present an integrative view of the concept of Digital Ecosystem. We implement the ontology by using Protégé-owl. © 2007 IEEE.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 1970, 'Application of Protege and SPARQL in the field of project knowledge management', 2007 Second International Conference on Systems and Networks Communications (ICSNC 2007), 2007 2nd International Conference on Systems and Networks Communications, IEEE, pp. 74-79.
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Protégé is a set of open-source ontology design software developed in Stanford Medical Informatics. SPARQL (Protocol and RDF Query Language) is recommended by W3C, to represent the RDF (Resource Description Framework) graph - a set of triples that consist of a subject, a predicate and an object as the basic expression of data stored in OWL-based knowledge base. In this paper, we propose an ontology-based project knowledge management methodology, by means of Protégé and SPARQL, to solve the issues in project management activities. By introducing a set of new ontology notations, we present the conceptual model of our ontology to realize the function of knowledge management in project organizations. Following that, we realize the prototype in Protégé and validate it by means of SPARQL. Finally we make comments on our project and plan our future work. © 2007 IEEE.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 1970, 'Exploring the Conceptual Model of Digital Ecosystem', 2007 Second International Conference on Digital Telecommunications (ICDT'07), Second International Conference on Digital Telecommunications, ICDT 2007, IEEE, p. 18.
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Digital Ecosystem, as a neoteric terminology, has emerged along with the appearance of Business Ecosystem which is a form of naturally existing business network of small and medium enterprises. However, few researches have been found in the field of defining digital ecosystem. In this paper, by means of ontology technology as our research methodology, we propose to develop a conceptual model for digital ecosystem. By introducing an innovative ontological notation system, we create the hierarchical framework of digital ecosystem form up to down, based on the related theories form Digital Ecosystem and Business Intelligence Institute. © 2007 IEEE.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & IEEE 1970, 'Digital ecosystem ontology', ETFA 2007: 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND FACTORY AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-3, IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, IEEE, Patras, GREECE, pp. 814-817.
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Digital Ecosystems is a neoteric terminology and there are two major definitions about it square respectively from Soluta.Net and from Digital Ecosystem and Business Intelligence Institute. In this paper, to solve the ambiguous problem in Digital Ecosyst

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & IEEE 1970, 'Digital ecosystem ontology', 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8, IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, IEEE, Vigo, SPAIN, pp. 2944-2947.
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Digital Ecosystems is a neoteric terminology and there are two major definitions about it respectively from Soluta.Net and from Digital Ecosystem and Business Intelligence Institute. In this paper, to solve the ambiguous problem in Digital Ecosystem's de

Dou, Y, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'Investigation of motor topologies for SMC application', Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS 2007, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, Korea, pp. 695-698.
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Soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials possess a number of unique properties and have undergone a significant development in the past decade. Based on the experiences on SMC materials and SMC electrical machines from our research group and other researchers, this paper reviews the investigation on motor topologies for SMC application. Both successful experiences and existing difficulties are analyzed and discussed. It is found that the application of SMC is preponderant in small permanent magnet motors with complex topologies and 3D magnetic flux. Possible further work required for commercial success of SMC machines is proposed.

Dou, Y, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'Investigation of motor topologies for SMC application', 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, SOUTH KOREA, Seoul, pp. 1171-+.

Douglas, CA, Fildes, BN, Gibson, TJ, Boström, O & Pintar, FA 1970, 'Factors influencing occupant-to-seat belt interaction in far-side crashes.', Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med, United States, pp. 319-339.
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Seat belt interaction with a far-side occupant's shoulder and thorax is critical to governing excursion towards the struck-side of the vehicle in side impact. In this study, occupant-to-belt interaction was simulated using a modified MADYMO human model and finite element belts. Quasi-static tests with volunteers and dynamic sled tests with PMHS and WorldSID were used for model validation and comparison. Parameter studies were then undertaken to quantify the effect of impact direction, seat belt geometry and pretension on occupant-to-seat belt interaction. Results suggest that lowering the D-ring and increasing pretension reduces the likelihood of the belt slipping off the shoulder. Anthropometry was also shown to influence restraint provided by the shoulder belt. Furthermore, the belt may slip off the occupant's shoulder at impact angles greater than 40 degrees from frontal when no pretension is used. However, the addition of pretension allowed the shoulder to engage the belt in all impacts from 30 to 90 degrees.

Doyle, B & Lister, R 1970, 'Why teach unix?', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Conference on Computer Science Education, Australian Computer Society, Ballarat, Australia, pp. 19-25.
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This paper examines computing academics' conceptions of the Unix operating system, and the purpose of teaching Unix. Interview transcripts from nine academics were analysed phenomenographically. A small number of qualitatively different conceptions of Unix were identified, within two broad categories. The first broad category manifested a technical approach to Unix. Within this broad category, the conceptions of Unix were, from the least to most sophisticated ! (1) Unix as a set of unrelated commands; (2) Unix as a command line interface superior to GUIs; and (3) Unix as a problem solving tool. The second broad category was a non technical conception of Unix, in which Unix was seen as a resource that is cheap, secure and robust. With regard to teaching Unix, two broad categories of reasons were identified ! practical and pedagogical. These results for teachers are broadly consistent with an earlier phenomenographic study of student conceptions of Unix. © 2007, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Du, C, Yang, J, Wu, Z, Yuan, Q & Wu, Q 1970, 'Improved neural network based manifold learning method for face recognition with less face images per individual', Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision, and Pattern Recognition, IPCV 2007, pp. 444-447.
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In this paper, a novel neural network based manifold learning method(NNBML)[1] recently appeared in the Journal of Science is introduced. It can effectively convert high-dimensional data into low-dimensional codes, which are then used for classification. However, it performs not well while dealing with small size face database used for face recognition. We propose a solution generating more samples data based on the existing data. The proposed method is implemented on two well-known face databases, viz. ORL and Yale face databases. The experimental results show that NNBML is able to deal with the task of face recognition after more data samples generated using the proposed method, and also that NNBML outperforms LDA in terms of recognition rate.

Duflos, S, Kervella, B & Gay, VC 1970, 'Considering Security and Quality of Service in SLS to Improve Policy-Based Management of Multimedia Services', Sixth International Conference on Networking (ICN'07), Sixth International Conference on Networking (ICN'07), IEEE, Sainte-Luce, Martinique, pp. 1-6.
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This paper proposes to improve policy-based management by integrating security parameters into the Service Level Specification (SLS). Integrating those parameters in the QoS part of the Service Level Agreement (SLA) specification is of particular importance for multimedia services requiring security since QoS is negotiated when the multimedia service is deployed. Security mechanisms need to be negotiated at that time when sensible multimedia information is exchanged. In this paper we show that including security parameters in SLA specification improves the negotiation and deployment of security and QoS policies for multimedia services. The parameters this paper proposes to integrate have the advantage to be understandable by end-users and service providers.

Dyson, LE, Nataatmadja, I & Sixsmith, AJ 1970, 'Improving Participation of International Students in the Classroom: Perceptions, Barriers and Strategies', UTS Teaching and Learning Forum, Sydney.
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Conference presentation with abstract published on the conference website

Eissa, MM, Chaczko, Z & Alrahali, E 1970, 'Interactive Protection System for Operator Training Simulator Using New Wavelet Techniques', The 2nd International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications (AusWireless 2007), The 2nd International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications (AusWireless 2007), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 11-18.
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An increase in complexity of relays and power systems makes the relay settings and the process of coordination quite difficult. The changes of operating conditions in power systems also adversely affect the installed relays. There is a strong requirement to avoid protection relay maloperation and to ensure continuing optimal relay coordination and operation. It is rather difficult to determine which of the protective relays will operate as specified or whether the coordination of the relays is maintained due to complexity of the system. This paper introduces a reliable and secure interactive framework system for investigation, calculation of relay settings and relay coordination using wavelet based techniques. The interactive system allows an engineer in the control room to assign the location, the type of fault and the relay data set pattern; then the operating time of the protective devices is generated. The system framework introduces a dynamic, interactive transient of the relay models for the power system.

Euston, M & Kim, J 1970, 'Rao-blackwellised Inertial-SLAM with partitioned vehicle subspace', Proceedings of the 2007 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA 2007.
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This paper presents methods which enable the Rao-Blackwellised (R-B) particle filtering technique to be applicable for the airborne simultaneous localisation and mapping problem. Although R-B filter has been successfully applied to mobile/ground vehicles, its extension to flying vehicles has been impractical due to the high dimensionality involved in inertial navigation system (INS). To overcome this problem, the full INS state is further partitioned into an external state (vehicle pose) and an internal state (navigation and sensor calibration), with a particle filter being applied only to the external state. The computational complexity is further reduced by developing a hybrid R-B Inertial-SLAM. Simulation results will be presented with simulated flight data, showing reliable performances during loop-closures.

Fang, T & Ball, JE 1970, 'Genetic Algorithms for Calibrating a Catchment Modelling System with Spatially Variable Parameters', Hydroinformatics 2006, International Conference on Hydroinformatics, Research Publishing Services, Nice, France, pp. 1251-1258.

Fatahi, B, Indraratna, B & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'Analysing Soft Ground Improvement Caused by Tree Root Suction', Advances in Measurement and Modeling of Soil Behavior, Geo-Denver 2007, American Society of Civil Engineers, Denver, Colorado, USA, pp. 6-10.
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Bioengineering aspects of native vegetation are currently being evolved to improve soil stiffness, slope stabilisation, and erosion control. Vegetation contributes to weak soil stabilisation through reinforcement of the soil, dissipation of excess pore pressures, and increasing the shear strength by induced matric suction. This paper looks at the way that vegetation influences soil matric suction, shrinkage, and ground settlement. A theoretical model previously developed by the authors for the rate of tree root water uptake together with an associated numerical simulation is used in this study. A conical shape is considered to represent the geometry of the tree root zone. Based on this proposed model, the distribution of moisture and the matric suction profile adjacent to the tree are numerically analysed. Field measurements taken from previously published literature are compared with numerical predictions for further validation. The predicted results compared favourably with the measured results, justifying the assumptions upon which the model was developed. It is desirable to consider the influence zone of tree roots and the improved soil properties in modern geotechnical designs, benefiting from native vegetation. Copyright ASCE 2007.

Fatahi, B, Indraratna, B & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'Enhanced numerical analysis of ground behaviour influenced by tree root suction', Common Ground: Proceedings of the 10th Australia and New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics, Australia New Zealand Geomechanics conference, Coffey Geotechnics, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 142-147.
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Tree roots provide three stabilising functions: (a) reinforcement of the soil, (b) dissipation of excess pore pressures, (c) establishing sufficient matric suction to increase the shear strength. This paper looks at the way that vegetation influences soil moisture content distribution, and ground settlement. A theoretical model previously developed by the authors for the rate of tree root water uptake together with an associated numerical simulation is used in this study. Field measurements taken from literature published previously are compared with the authors' numerical model. The predicted results obtained from the numerical analysis, compared favourably with the field measurements, justifying the assumptions upon which the model was developed.

Feuerlicht, G 1970, 'Prerequisites for Successful SOA Adoption', Systems Integration 2007 15th International Conference, International Conference on Systems Integration International Conference, Autori clanku, Praha, pp. 22-25.

Feuerlicht, G 1970, 'Service Aggregation Using Relational Operations on Interface Parameters', International Conference on Service Oriented Computing - Lecture Notes in Computer Science, International Conference on Service Oriented Computing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, United States, pp. 95-103.
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Many practitioners recommend the use of coarse-grained services that minimize the number of messages and avoid the need to maintain state information between invocations. However, when considered from a software engineering perspective, coarse-grained services suffer from a number of significant drawbacks, including limited reuse and difficult composability. An important challenge for the developers of service-oriented applications is to determine appropriate level of service granularity to ensure that services are reusable and at the same time have good performance characteristics. Decisions about service granularity need to be taken in the context of a methodological framework rather than using ad hoc heuristics. In this paper we describe a method for service aggregation that uses relational operations over interface parameters to assemble services from low granularity atomic service operations. We illustrate the impact of service aggregation on cohesion and coupling using examples and discuss service granularity in the context of application requirements.

Fitch, R, Butler, Z & IEEE 1970, 'Scalable locomotion for large self-reconfiguring robots', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-10, IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Rome, ITALY, pp. 2248-2253.
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Fokkenrood, S, Leijdekkers, P & Gay, V 1970, 'Ventricular Tachycardia/Fibrillation detection algorithm for 24/7 personal wireless heart monitoring', Pervasive Computing for Quality of Life Enhancement, Proceedings, ICOST, Springer, Nara, Japan, pp. 110-120.
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This paper describes a Ventricular Tachycardia/Fibrillation (VT/VF) detection algorithm that is specifically designed for a 24/7 personal wireless heart monitoring system. This monitoring system uses Bluetooth enabled bio-sensors and smart phones to monitor continuously cardiac patients’ vital signs. Our VT/VF algorithm is optimized for continuous real-time monitoring on smart phones with a high sensitivity and specificity. We studied and compared existing VT/VF algorithms and selected the one which suited best our requirements. However, we modified and improved the existing algorithm for the smart phone to achieve better performance results. We tested the algorithm on full-length signals from the physionet CU, MIT-db and MIT-vfdb databases [16] without any pre-selection of VT/VF or normal QRS-complex signals. We achieved 97% sensitivity, 98% accuracy and 98% specificity for our implementation which is excellent compared to existing algorithms.

Gandia Sanchez, R, Xiaojing Huang & Kwan-Wu Chin 1970, 'Viability of concurrent transmission and reception for UWB radios over multipath channels', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1241-1246.
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Gao, J & Xu, RY 1970, 'Mixture of the Robust L1 Distributions and Its Applications', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 26-35.
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Recently a robust probabilistic L1-PCA model was introduced in [1] by replacing the conventional Gaussian noise model with the Laplacian L1 model. Due to the heavy tail characteristics of the L1 distribution, the proposed model is more robust against data outliers. In this paper, we generalized the L1-PCA into a mixture of L1-distributions so that the model can be used for possible multiclustering data. For the model learning we use the property that the L1 density can be expanded as a superposition of infinite number of Gaussian densities to include a tractable Bayesian learning and inference based on the variational EM-type algorithm. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

Gao, Y, Lu, J, Zhang, G, Gao, S & PRess, A 1970, 'A bilevel model for railway train set organizing optimization', PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING (ISKE 2007), International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering, Atlantis Press, Chengdu, China, pp. 777-782.
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Train Set Organization (TSO) is to arrange the train set in railway freight transportation. Bilevel programming techniques were proposed to solve the Stackelberg game in which play is sequential and cooperation is not permitted. In this paper, an op- timizing model for TSO is developed by the bilevel techniques. First, we analyzed the multiple level nature of management on TSO and simplified it into two levels. Then, a bilevel model for TSO was develop. Finally, this model was further illustrated by applying it on a railway station.

Gao, Y, Zhang, G, Lu, J & Zeng, X 1970, 'A lambda-cut approximate approach to supporting Fuzzy Goal based Bilevel Decision Making in risk management', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RISK ANALYSIS AND CRISIS RESPONSE, International Conference on Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, Atlantis Press, Shanghai, China, pp. 132-137.

Geng, X, Wang, L, Li, M, Wu, Q & Smith-Miles, K 1970, 'Distance-driven Fusion of Gait and Face for Human Identification in Video', Proceedings of Image and Vision Computing New Zealand 2007, Image and Vision Computing Conference, Image and Vision Computing New Zealand, Hamilton, New Zealand, pp. 19-24.

Gerber, C, Crews, K & Sigrist, C 1970, 'Accessible and reliable design of stressed-skin panels - An Australian perspective', Progress in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 19th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, ACMSM19, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Taylor & Francis (Balkema), Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 1017-1022.
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Stressed-skin panel (SSP) technology possesses many advantages and the subject research program has increased the understanding of SSP structures with respect to serviceability and ultimate resistance performance. In order for the building industry to capitalise on the results of this research, it is essential that the codes i.e. AS 1720.1-1997 (Australian Standard™ 1997) should embrace a design procedure enabling the use of the full potential of SSP systems. This paper outlines an amendment proposal to Section 5 of AS 1720.1-1997 that will enable designers to achieve a problem-free and efficient implementation of SSP technology. It focuses on the aspects of the tributary width of the sheathing and the stress determinations in the composite section. The proposed design procedure is both useable and straightforward to implement and satisfies requirements of structural safety and comfortable serviceability. It is based on a solid research background and relates to EC5 (European Committee for Standardisation 1995), which will necessitate some adjustments to fully comply with Australian design standard. © 2007 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Gerber, C, Crews, K & Sigrist, C 1970, 'Screw- and nail-gluing techniques for wood composite structures', Progress in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 19th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, ACMSM19, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Taylor & Francis (Balkema), Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 1023-1029.
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Composite systems enhance the structural capacity and reliability of wood solutions for structures. With today engineered wood products and structural adhesives, high performing structures can be constructed. Hybrid assembly techniques that combine mechanical fasteners and an adhesive (screw- and nailgluing techniques) allow manufacturing large dimension composite structures with reasonable infrastructure. They also give full composite properties to the interlayers. Furthermore, these hybrid connections can experience ductility. This paper presents a research on small-scale glued assemblies which were manufactured using screw- and nail-gluing techniques. It discusses qualitative and quantitative analyses that confirmed the full-composite properties and ductility of the interlayers. The analyses also show that superposing the behaviour of both connectors is reasonable to predict the strength and slip modulus of hybrid connections. © 2007 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Gide, E & Wu, MX 1970, 'Analysing the effectiveness of e-mail surveys: A case study in Australia', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SERVICE OPERATIONS AND LOGISTICS, AND INFORMATICS, IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics and Informatics, IEEE, PA, Philadelphia, pp. 293-+.

Gill, AQ & Henderson-Sellers, B 1970, 'Six aspects of an agile software development methodology', Online Proceedings of the European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (EMCIS) 2007, European, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems, Polytechnic university of Valencia, Valencia, spain, pp. 1-11.
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A shared vision of an agile methodology can play a vital role in adaptive agile software development environments as the absence of a shared or common vision is one of the main factors of software project failures. This paper presents six aspects of an agile software development methodology: agility, abstraction, process, people, product and tools. This set of aspects is an attempt to provide a guiding vision or mental-model for an agile methodology. The purpose of this paper is to explicitly describe in detail these aspects that are part of our agile software solution framework (ASSF). These six aspects can be combined to generate various situation-specific configurations of agile methodologies by using a method engineering approach.

Gill, AQ, Henderson-Sellers, B & McBride, TM 1970, 'Agile adoption and improvement model', Online Proceedings of the European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (EMCIS) 2007, European, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain, pp. 1-9.
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Agile software development methods focus on the rapid and iterative delivery of a software product in small increments. Over the last decade, the software industry has shown a substantial interest in agile practices but there is no standard guiding vision model or framework to adopt and then use to assess or improve the agile method in a software development organization; indeed, the absence of a guiding vision model could result in the failure of the agile implementation. The purpose of this paper is to present an Agile Adoption and Improvement Model (AAIM) for the adoption, assessment and improvement of an agile software development process. We have analysed the results of several agile software process assessments, industrial case studies on the adoption of an agile approach and feedback from both researchers and the software industry for the construction of the AAIM. The AAIM can be used as a gradual road map for the adoption of an agile approach so that the required agile level can be achieved and improved over a period of time. The AAIM has been organized in three agile blocks, six agile stages (AS) and an embedded agility measurement model (to quantitatively measure the degree of agility). In AAIM, each stage specifies goals that must be achieved to attain a particular business value through the use of an agile software development approach.

Goratti, L, Haapola, J & Oppermann, I 1970, 'Energy consumption of the IEEE Std 802.15.3 MAC protocol in communication link set-up over UWB radio technology', Wireless Personal Communications, 8th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Aalborg, DENMARK, pp. 371-386.
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Green, S & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'A Comparison of Neural-Based Techniques Investigating Rotational Invariance for Upright People Detection in Low Resolution Imagery', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 647-653.
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This paper describes a neural-based technique for detecting upright persons in low-resolution beach imagery in order to predict trends of tourist activities at beach sites. The proposed system uses a structural feature extraction technique to represent objects of interest for training a selection of neural classifiers. A number of neural-based classifiers are compared in this study and a direction-based feature extraction technique is investigated in conjunction with a rotationally invariant procedure for the purpose of beach object classification. Encouraging results are presented for person detection using video imagery collected from a beach site on the coast of Australia. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

Guo, Y, Chen, J, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Lu, H & Jin, J 1970, 'Development of a PM linear motor for driving HTS maglev vehicle', 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 1300-+.

Guo, Y, Chen, J, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Lu, H & Jin, J 1970, 'Development of a PM Linear Motor for Driving HTS Maglev Vehicle', 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE.
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Guo, Y, Chen, J, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Lu, H & Jin, J 1970, 'Development of a PM linear motor for driving HTS maglev vehicle', Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS 2007, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, pp. 824-827.
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The phenomenon that a permanent magnet (PM) over a high temperature superconductor (HTS) bulk can produce strong levitation force with self-stabilizing feature has attracted strong interest of application in maglev transportation systems, in which a linear motion drive is an obvious advantage. This paper presents the development of a PM linear synchronous motor drive for a small-scale prototype vehicle which is levitated by PM-HTS bulks. Magnetic field finite element analyses are conducted to compute accurately the key motor parameters such as winding flux, back electromotive force (emf), inductance and cogging force. The steady state characteristic of the motor is predicted by using the classic phasor voltage equation, which can provide a reasonable result if the fundamental components of the applied voltage, back emf and current are dominant. A Matlab/Simulink-based model, capable of considering the dependence of key parameters on the mover position, is built to predict effectively the motor's dynamic performance under a brushless DC (BLDC) control scheme. The simulated results show that the developed linear motor can drive the HTS maglev vehicle prototype at the desired speed.

Guo, Y, Dou, Y, Zhu, J, Zhan, Y & Jin, J 1970, 'Parameter determination and performance analysis of a PM synchronous generator by magnetic field finite element analysis', 2007 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2007 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Perth, Australia, pp. 730-733.
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Guo, Y, Dou, Y, Zhu, J, Zhan, Y & Jin, J 1970, 'Parameter Determination and Performance Analysis of a PM Synchronous Generator by Magnetic Field Finite Element Analysis', 2007 AUSTRALASIAN UNIVERSITIES POWER ENGINEERING, VOLS 1-2, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Curtin Univ Technol, Perth, AUSTRALIA, pp. 558-+.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Liu, D, Lu, H & Wang, S 1970, 'Application of multi-level multi-domain modeling in the design and analysis of a PM transverse flux motor with SMC core', 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVE SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4, 7th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS 2007), IEEE, Bangkok, THAILAND, pp. 275-+.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Liu, D, Lu, H & Wang, S 1970, 'Application of Multi-level Multi-domain Modeling in the Design and Analysis of a PM Transverse Flux Motor with SMC Core', 2007 7th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2007 7th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, IEEE, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 27-31.
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This paper presents the design and analysis of a permanent magnet (PM) transverse flux motor with soft magnetic composite (SMC) core by applying multi-level multi-domain modeling. The design is conducted in two levels. The upper level is composed of a group of equations which describe the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the motor. The lower level consists of two domains: electromagnetic analysis and thermal calculation. The initial design, including structure, materials and major dimensions, is determined according to existing experience and empirical formulae. Then, optimization is carried out at the system level (the upper level) for the best motor performance by optimizing the structural dimensions. To successfully deal with such a multi-level multi-domain optimization problem, an effective modeling with both high computational accuracy and speed is required. For accurately computing the key motor parameters, such as back electromotive force, winding inductance and core loss, magnetic field finite element analysis is performed. The core loss in each element is stored for effective thermal calculation, and the winding inductance and back EMF are stored as a look-up table for effective analysis of the motor's dynamic performance. The presented approach is effective with good accuracy and reasonable computational speed. © 2007 IEEE.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Wang, S & Jin, J 1970, 'Performance analysis of an SMC transverse flux motor with modified double-sided stator and PM flux concentrating rotor', Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS 2007, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, Korea, pp. 1553-1556.
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This paper presents the design and performance analysis of a three-phase three-stack transverse flux motor with a modified double-sided stator and a permanent magnet (PM) flux concentrating rotor. Both stator and rotor cores employ SOMALOY™500, a new soft magnetic composite (SMC) material specially developed for electrical machine application. By taking advantage of the unique properties of SMC, such as the magnetic isotropy, the motor is designed with three-dimensional (3D) magnetic flux path. To accurately compute the motor parameters and performance, improved formulations are applied in combination with 3D magnetic field finite element analysis. The designed motor shows superior characteristics to laminated machines.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Wang, S & Jin, J 1970, 'Performance analysis of an SMC transverse flux motor with modified double-sided stator and PM flux concentrating rotor', 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 1752-+.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Wang, S & Jin, J 1970, 'Performance analysis of an SMC transverse flux motor with modified double-sided stator and PM flux concentrating rotor', 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE.
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Hadgraft, R & Goricanec, J 1970, 'Engineering sustainability?!', ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings.

Hadgraft, RG & Goricanec, JL 1970, 'Student engagement in project-based learning', Proceedings of the Inaugural International Conference on Research in Engineering Education, ICREE.
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In 2003-4, The School of Civil and Chemical Engineering at RMIT University made a strong commitment to project-based learning through the redesign of its major programs: civil and infrastructure engineering, chemical engineering and environmental engineering. A project-based course became one quarter of each semester of each of the three programs, as a means of developing the required graduate capabilities. An important aim of such project-based learning is to bring real engineering problems into the classroom, to engage students in understanding the nature of engineering problems, and also to provide incentive in the acquisition of the seemingly difficult technical skills in other courses. The authors' experiences over many years indicate that such projects work for many, but not all, students. Some students fail to engage in the project work, for various reasons. This project set out to understand the reasons for engagement and non-engagement among first year civil and environmental engineering students. Students want interesting work, and an own-choice project seems to provide this. Being interested was the factor most strongly correlated with both course and program engagement. Student groups also need careful management by tutors so that they properly understand what is required of them (and don't get stressed and waste time in non-productive work). The groupwork component of these projects helps to connect students with other students, which they list as an important motivator for them as they move through first year. Finally, first year students need careful guidance and orientation to their new university environment so that they can develop appropriate study habits as well as appropriate communication and research skills to match what is expected of them. © 2007 ASEE.

Haiwei Lu, Jianguo Zhu, Youguang Guo & Zhiwei Lin 1970, 'A miniature short stroke tubular linear actuator and its control', 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE.
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Haiwei, L, Jianguo, Z, Youguang, G & Zhiwei, L 1970, 'A miniature short stroke tubular linear actuator and its control', Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS 2007, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, Korea, pp. 1680-1685.
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Miniature actuators are the critical components in the robotic applications with high intelligence, high mobility and small scales. Among various types of actuators, linear actuators show advantages in many aspects. A miniature short stroke PM tubular linear actuator for the micro robotic applications is presented in this paper. The actuator is deliberately designed based on the optimal force capability and a proper sensorless control scheme is developed for the driving of the actuator. Experiment both on the prototype of the actuator and the drive system show the validity of the design.

Hamilton, TJ, Jin, C & van Schaik, A 1970, 'A Basilar Membrane Resonator for an Active 2-D Cochlea', 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE, pp. 2387-2390.
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In this paper we present a Basilar Membrane Resonator design for an Active 2-D Cochlea. It incorporates some of the non-linear behaviour exhibited in the real cochlea by utilizing a quality factor control loop. This control loop varies the gain and the frequency selectivity of the resonator based on the amplitude of the input signal. © 2007 IEEE.

Hamilton, TJ, Jin, C, Tapson, J & van Schaik, A 1970, 'A 2-D Cochlea with Hopf Oscillators', 2007 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference, 2007 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference, IEEE, pp. 91-94.
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In this paper we present the circuits for a 2-D silicon cochlea whose basilar membrane resonant elements are constructed using oscillators whose dynamic behaviour is governed by the Hopf differential equation. By using Hopf oscillators we are able to model some of the behaviour of the outer hair cells (OHCs) whose action is responsible for the cochlea's nonlinear behaviour. © 2007 IEEE.

Haskett, M, Oehlers, D & Wu, C 1970, 'Comparison of the interfacial bond and slip behaviour of steel and FRP reinforcement', Proceedings of the 1st Asia-Pacific Conference on FRP in Structures, APFIS 2007, pp. 731-737.
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Ductility of FRP plated reinforced concrete (RC) structures is essential to provide structural members with the ability to sustain deformation without the subsequent loss of strength prior to collapse. Often this is achieved in RC structures by prescribing the sections to be under-reinforced, and dictated by the neutral axis factor ku, which assumes a concrete crushing type failure. In FRP plated structures, often concrete crushing does not occur and instead the plates fracture or debond prior to this occurring. As such the ductility of plated structures is much more difficult to quantify in terms of a dimensionless property, such as the neutral axis factor ku. This paper reports on the development of a local bond-stress slip (τ−δ) relationship for steel reinforcing bars that has been attained independent of embedment length. Subsequently the use of this relationship in a numerical simulation package compares the behaviour of steel and FRP reinforcing bars to failure, indicating the influence of yielding on the global load-slip (P−Δ) response.

Hawryszkiewycz, I 1970, 'Customizing Groupware for Different Collaborative Needs', New Methods and Practice for the Networked Society, International Conference on Information Systems Development, Springer US, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 237-246.
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Collaboration in organization now takes place in a large variety of cultural environments that have different purposes. Purposes can include relationship management, task management, team coordination or process management. Cultures can vary from highly structured process oriented organizations to mission oriented teams in result oriented organizations. This paper provides a framework for defining such environments and choosing strategies to satisfy needs. Such strategies can range from lightweight approaches to monitored processes. It then suggests that groupware systems should be able to adapt to different environments by providing collaborative services for that environment and describes the features needed to do so.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Aligning collaborative technologies to emerging knowledge processes', 2007 International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems, 2007 International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems (CTS), IEEE, Florida, USA, pp. 304-311.
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The paper addresses issues in aligning collaborative technologies to knowledge management processes. It describes a generic process of knowledge management and identifies important characteristics that distinguish it from most other processes. These include support of communities but what is important is that new communities emerge during the process and the process itself can change. Technology must coevolve with this evolution to ensure continuity. The paper proposes computer system architecture based on collaborative technologies to support the process. The architecture uses a community model of knowledge management and aligns communities to different levels of collaboration

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Lightweight Technologies for Knowledge Based Collaborative Applications', The 9th IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology and The 4th IEEE International Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce and E-Services (CEC-EEE 2007), The 9th IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology and The 4th IEEE International Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce and E-Services (CEC-EEE 2007), IEEE, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 255-264.
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The paper describes ways to use collaborative technologies to support activities in knowledge based processes. It stresses the importance of matching the technology to the activity. It also defines that activities change to the process and the technology must coevolve with the processes by providing services that change as the process evolves. The paper defines the technologies needed at the different activities together with a platform to support these services and ways for the services to coevolve with the process. A prototype based on workspace technology showing such evolution is described.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Technical strategies for supporting the evolution of collaboration', 2007 11th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, 2007 11th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 13-17.
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The paper describes a strategy for introducing collaborative technologies in a gradual and systematic way. It defines a framework to measure collaboration capabilities and then identifies technical strategic framework for systematically adding services to raise collaboration capabilities. The technical strategy adds services in a systematic manner to gradually raise collaboration levels. A way to implement the strategy is then outlined.

Hazelton, PA & Gardner, AP 1970, 'A multidisciplinary, multicultural short course giving young engineers a global perspective on professional practice', Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Australasian Association of Engineering Education, Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-7.
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Since 2001 The International Institute of Women in Engineering (IIWE)at EPF, a Grande Ecole in France, has conducted a short course aimed at both female and male final year undergraduate or recently graduated engineers. The objectives of the course are to introduce students to the broad concepts and global issues they will encounter in their career and to initiate cultural awareness and communication skills required for the ever changing workplace. To demonstrate the success of this initiative, candidates were required to complete the same questionnaire prior to the commencement and at the conclusion of the course. This paper reports on some of the strategies used to engage international students in the course activities, and discusses the results of the 2006 before and after- course surveys.

He, S, Zhang, H, Jia, W, Wu, Q & Hintz, TB 1970, 'Combining Global and Local Features for Detection of License Plates in Video', Proceedings of Image and Vision Computing New Zealand 2007, Image and Vision Computing Conference, Image and Vision Computing New Zealand, Hamilton, New Zealand, pp. 288-293.

He, X, Hintz, T, Li, J, Zhang, H, Wu, Q & Jia, W 1970, 'Local binary pattern on hexagonal structure for face matching', Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision, and Pattern Recognition, IPCV 2007, International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 455-460.
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Principal Components Analysis (PCA), Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), have been widely used for 2D face recognition. Local Binary Pattern (LBP), however, provides a simpler and more effective way to represent faces. With LBP, face image is divided into small regions from which LBP histograms are extracted and concatenated into a single and global feature histogram representing the face image. The recognition is performed using Chi square and other commonly used dissimilarity measures. In this paper, we construct LBP codes together with three dissimilarity measures on hexagonal structure. We show that LBPs defined on hexagonal structure will lead to a faster and more accurate scheme for face recognition.

He, X, Jia, W, Li, J, Wu, Q & Hintz, T 1970, 'An Approach to Edge Detection on a Virtual Hexagonal Structure', 9th Biennial Conference of the Australian Pattern Recognition Society on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications (DICTA 2007), 9th Biennial Conference of the Australian Pattern Recognition Society on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications (DICTA 2007), IEEE, Glenelg, Australia, pp. 340-345.
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Hexagonal structure is another image structure alternative to traditional square image structure for image processing and computer vision. The geometrical arrangement of pixels on a hexagonal structure can be described as a collection of hexagonal pixels. Because all the existing hardware for capturing image and for displaying image are produced based on square structure, it becomes important to find a proper software approach to mimic hexagonal structure so that images represented on the traditional square structure can be smoothly converted from or to the images on hexagonal structure. For accurate image processing, it is critical to best maintain the image resolution during the image conversion. In this paper, a bilinear interpolation algorithm that is used to convert an image from square structure to hexagonal structure is presented. Based on this, an edge detection method is proposed. Our experimental results show that the bilinear interpolation improves the edge detection accuracy. © 2007 IEEE.

He, X, Jia, W, Wu, Q & Hintz, T 1970, 'Advances in Grid and Pervasive Computing', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Grid and Pervasive Computing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Paris, France, pp. 751-756.
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This paper presents an edge detection method based on bilateral filtering taking into account both spatial closeness and intensity similarity of pixels in order to preserve important visual cues provided by edges and reduce the sharpness of transitions in intensity values as well. In addition, the edge detection method proposed in this paper is achieved on sampled images represented on a newly developed virtual hexagonal structure. Due to the compact and circular nature of the hexagonal lattice, a better quality edge map is obtained. We also present a parallel implementation for edge detection on the virtual hexagonal structure that significantly increases the computation speed. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

He, X, Li, J, Chen, Y, Wu, Q & Jia, W 1970, 'Local Binary Patterns for Human Detection on Hexagonal Structure', Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM 2007), Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM 2007), IEEE, Taichung, Taiwan, pp. 65-71.
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Local Binary Pattern (LBP) was designed and has been widely used for efficient texture classification. LBP provides a simple and effective way to represent texture patterns. Uniform LBPs play an important role for LBP-based pattern/object recognition as they include majority of LBPs. On the other hand, Human detection based on Mahalanobis Distance Map (MDM) recognizes appearance of human based on geometrical structure. Each MDM shows a clear texture pattern that can be classified using LBPs. In this paper, we compute LBPs of MDMs on a hexagonal structure. The circular pixel arrangement in hexagonal structure results in higher accuracy for LBP representation than on square structure. Chi-square as a measure is used for human detection based on uniform LBPs obtained. We show that our method using LBPs built on MDMs has a higher human detection rate and a lower false positive rate compared to the method merely based on MDMs. We will also show using experimental results that LBPs on hexagonal structure lead to more robust human classification.

He, X, Li, J, Chen, Y, Wu, Q & Jia, W 1970, 'Local binary patterns for human detection on hexagonal structure', Proceedings - 9th IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia, ISM 2007, pp. 65-71.
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Local Binary Pattern (LBP) was designed and has been widely used for efficient texture classification. LBP provides a simple and effective way to represent texture patterns. Uniform LBPs play an important role for LBP-based pattern/object recognition as they include majority of LBPs. On the other hand, Human detection based on Mahalanobis Distance Map (MDM) recognizes appearance of human based on geometrical structure. Each MDM shows a clear texture pattern that can be classified using LBPs. In this paper, we compute LBPs of MDMs on a hexagonal structure. The circular pixel arrangement in hexagonal structure results in higher accuracy for LBP representation than on square structure. Chi-square as a measure is used for human detection based on uniform LBPs obtained. We show that our method using LBPs built on MDMs has a higher human detection rate and a lower false positive rate compared to the method merely based on MDMs. We will also show using experimental results that LBPs on hexagonal structure lead to more robust human classification. © 2007 IEEE.

He, X, Li, J, Jia, W, Wu, Q & Hintz, T 1970, 'Local Binary Patterns on Hexagonal Image Structure', 7th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT 2007), 7th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT 2007), IEEE, Aizu-Wakamatsu City, Fukushima, Japan, pp. 639-644.
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Local binary pattern (LBP) was designed and widely used for efficient texture classification. It has been used for face recognition and has potential applications in many other research areas such as human detection. LBP provides a simple and effective way to represent patterns. Uniform LBPs play an important role for LBP-based pattern /object recognition as they include majority of LBPs. In this paper, we present LBP codes on hexagonal image structure. We show that LBPs defined on hexagonal structure have higher percentages of uniform LBPs that will lead to a more efficient and accurate recognition scheme for image classification.

He, X, Wu, Q, Zhang, H & Hintz, T 1970, 'A trend for face recognition', Fourth International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, ICITA 2007, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Macquarie Scientific Publishing, Harbin, China, pp. 254-257.
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Face recognition has many applications in law enforcement, crowd surveillance, security access control and human computer interaction. However, the applications have been, greatly constrained by the limitations of the currently available recognition tools because these tools are either too slow, sensitive to pose, illumination and facial expression, or too expensive, and hence are impractical. Face recognition is difficult and still has a long way to go before it really becomes practical. The aim of this paper is to present how a system for real-time, robust and inexpensive face recognition may be approached. The system contains the following components: Low cost CCTV video cameras or simple digital, cameras to quickly locate faces on 2D face images captured. A constructor of 3D face images using the captured 2D images. Algorithms that accurately match the constructed 3D face images to the 2D face images preciously existing in a gallery in real-time for pose and illumination invariant face recognition.

Henderson-Sellers, B, Serour, MK, Gonzalez-Perez, C & Qumer, A 1970, 'Improving agile software development by the application of method engineering practices', PROCEEDINGS OF THE IASTED INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, IASTED International Conference on Software Engineering, ACTA Press, Innsbruck, Austria, pp. 55-60.
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Despite the vast attention and wide acceptance of the newly engineered agile methods for software development, those methods are seldom linked to the goals of software process improvement (SPI), an approach that aims to provide support for significant improvement of both the quality of those methods as well as the resultant software products. In this paper, we propose an extension to agile methods by adding extra characteristics in order for agile methods to better support SPI. We explain how agile methods can gain those extra attributes through the application of a method engineering approach along with our new tool (4-DAT) that assists method engineers and managers in selecting the most appropriate method fragments for their needed agile methods. Finally, we summarize a number of industrial case studies carried out over several years in order to test and improve the efficiency of our theory of adding SPI to an agile methodological approach.

Hidayat, R, Dejhan, K, Moungnoul, P & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'A GHz analog multiplier for UWB communications', 2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, 2007 Asia Pacific Conference on Communications, IEEE.
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Hoang, D 1970, 'Wireless Technologies and Architectures for Health Monitoring Systems', First International Conference on the Digital Society (ICDS'07), First International Conference on the Digital Society (ICDS'07), IEEE, Guadeloupe, pp. 1-6.
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Various wireless technologies have been used in health monitoring systems; however, it is not always clear why one technology is chosen over another and how it fits into the overall architecture of an application. This paper explores many limiting characteristics of relevant wireless technologies and attempts to provide a basis for making an appropriate selection. The paper also suggests an architecture that supports collaboration among multiple caregivers over a particular health monitoring application.

Hoang, DB, Phan, HT & IEEE 1970, 'A scalable end-to-end QoS architecture', 2007 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES, VOLS 1-3, International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 677-682.
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For IP networks to become a service oriented architecture, it is crucial to provision a network architecture that is capable of differentiating and supporting quality of services (QoS) to applications. In this paper we propose a new end-to-end QoS framework, called End-Diff, that has a number of desirable properties. The new architecture has the scalability property of DiffServ, pioneers a novel path congestion control, allocates bandwidth fairly among flows and aggregates, and is capable of negotiating QoS paths among domains through BGP QoS extension. The new architecture makes use of a simple control plane of a router and does not require any sophisticated PHB scheduling in its forwarding plane. Via simulation, we demonstrate that End-Diff QoS architecture performs excellently in terms of scalability, overhead, route selection policy, fairness, packet delay and jitter. © 2007 IEEE.

Hoang, HG, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, TQ 1970, 'Design of Two-Channel Filter Bank Composed of Linear Phase IIR Filters', 2007 15th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing, 2007 15th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing, IEEE, Cardiff, Wales, pp. 308-311.
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This paper proposes a novel method to design two-channel filter banks composed of exactly linear phase IIR filters. Broadly speaking, the design problem is formulated as a semidefinite program (SDP) of minimal order such that the computational complexity

Hoang, HG, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, TQ 1970, 'Frequency Selective KYP Lemma and its Applications to IIR Filter Bank Design', 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - ICASSP '07, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE, Honolulu, HI, pp. 1457-1460.
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For a transfer function/filter F(e(Jw)) of order n, Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov (KYP) lemma characterizes the intractable semi-infinite programming (SIP) condition F(e(-Jw)) 1 Theta [F(e(-Jw)) 1]>= 0 for all omega in frequency domain by a tractable semi-defi

Hossain, MJ, Hossain, MS, Hoque, MA & Anower, MS 1970, 'A novel Fuzzy logic based flux weakening speed control for IPMSM drive with variable direct and quadrature axis inductances', 2007 10th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, 2007 10th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT 2007), IEEE, United Int Univ, Dhanmondi, BANGLADESH, pp. 27-+.
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Hoyer, P, Lee, T & Spalek, R 1970, 'Negative weights make adversaries stronger', Proceedings of the thirty-ninth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing, STOC07: Symposium on Theory of Computing, ACM.
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Huang, Y, Hu, Q, Zhao, J, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'Comparative Study of High-Speed PM Motors with Laminated Steel and Soft Magnetic Composite Cores', 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, IEEE, New Orleans, USA, pp. 67-72.
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Soft magnetic composite (SMC) material is formed by surface-insulated iron powder particles, and has very low eddy current. To explore the application of SMC materials, two types of high-speed (20krpm) permanent magnet (PM) motor have been designed and constructed. One employs radial flux type with laminated steel core, and the other employs transverse flux type with SMC core. Considering the importance of core loss in high speed motors, laminated steel and SMC material are tested by 2-D magnetic tester, and rotational core loss model is employed in the core loss calculation. Details of machine geometry and design procedure are described and some features of the machines are compared.

Huang, Y, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Hu, Q 1970, 'Core Loss and Thermal Behavior of High-Speed SMC Motor Based on 3-D FEA', 2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference, 2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference, IEEE, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 1569-1573.
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In a high-speed motor, core loss is much greater than other losses and is the main source of heat due to the high operating frequency. Therefore it is of crucial importance to be able to calculate the core loss accurately. The rotational core loss model is employed in this paper. Practical methods considering the alternating magnetic filed only are also presented, which are useful to designers who do not have rotational core loss data. The three-dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis (FEA) is used to calculate the accurate temperature distribution. Core losses are coupled directly into thermal calculation by keeping the same hexahedral mesh structure between magnetic field analysis and thermal analysis. These methods are applied to a 2 kW, 20 krpm high-speed claw pole motor with soft magnetic composite (SMC) core, and the results are compared and discussed finally.

Huang, Y, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Hu, Q 1970, 'Development of a High-Speed Claw Pole Motor with Soft Magnetic Composite Core', 2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference, 2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference, IEEE, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 1564-1568.
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Soft Magnetic Composite (SMC) material is formed by surface-insulated iron powder particles, generating unique properties like magnetic and thermal isotropy, and very low eddy current. This paper presents the design and analysis of a high-speed claw pole motor with an SMC core for reducing core losses and cost. The analyses are conducted based on a comprehensive understanding of the property of SMC materials. Three dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis (FEA) is performed for accurate parameter calculation and dimension optimization. Considering the importance of core loss in high speed motors, rotational core loss model is employed. The design and analyze methods are validated by experiment on the prototype.

Hung, TQ, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, TQ 1970, 'Design of Diamond and Circular Filters by Semi-definite Programming', 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE, New Orleans, USA, pp. 2966-2969.
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A new design for linear phase diamond-shaped (DS) and circular-shaped (CS) 2-D filters is developed. First, the frequency masks are efficiently constrained by 2-D second-order trigonometric polynomials. Then semi-definite program ming (SDP) of reasonably

Hung, TQ, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, TQ 1970, 'Design of Half-Band Diamond and Fan Filters by SDP', 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - ICASSP '07, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - ICASSP '07, IEEE, Honolulu, HI, pp. 901-904.
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A new design method for linear phase half-band diamond (DS) and fan-shaped (FS) 2-D filters is proposed. A general formulation for frequency mask constraints in different shapes using 2-D trigonometric curves is developed. This facilitates semi-definite

Hung, TQ, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, TQ 1970, 'Optimization based design for 2-D nonseparable filters', Proceedings of the ISSAT International Conference on Modeling of Complex Systems and Environments, ISSAT International Conference on Modeling of Complex Systems and Environments, Int Soc Sci Appl Technol, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, pp. 46-47.
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Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Hussain, OK 1970, 'State of the art review of the existing bayesian-network based approaches to trust and reputation computation', Second International Conference on Internet Monitoring and Protection (ICIMP 2007), Second International Conference on Internet Monitoring and Protection (ICIMP 2007), IEEE, pp. 26-30.
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In this paper we present a state of the art review of the bayesian-network based approaches for trust and reputation computation. We divide the bayesian network based approaches for trust and reputation computation into four different classes. Each of the four different classes is discussed in this paper. © 2007 IEEE.

Hussain, FK, Hussain, OK & Chang, E 1970, 'An overview of the interpretations of trust and reputation', 2007 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (EFTA 2007), 2007 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (EFTA 2007), IEEE, pp. 826-830.
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In this paper we present an overview of the definitions of the terms of trust and reputation from the literature. Trust and reputation have been defined in different ways by the various researchers. As a result of these various definitions of trust and reputation there is a lot of confusion regarding what these terms actually mean. Additionally in the literature there is no work towards collecting all the definitions of trust and reputation. In this paper we discuss and present an overview of the terms of trust and reputation from the literature. © 2007 IEEE.

Hussain, FK, Hussain, OK, Chang, E & IEEE 1970, 'An Overview of the interpretations of trust and reputation', ETFA 2007: 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND FACTORY AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-3, IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, IEEE, Patras, GREECE, pp. 826-830.
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In this paper we present an overview of the definitions of the terms of trust and reputation from the literature. Trust and reputation have been defined in different ways by the various researchers. As a result of these various definitions of trust and r

Hussain, O, Chang, E, Hussain, F & Dillon, T 1970, 'Towards Quantifying the Possible Risk in e-commerce Interactions for RDSS', IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (ICEBE'07), IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (ICEBE'07), IEEE, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 89-96.
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By analyzing the possible level of Risk beforehand the initiating agent can make an informed decision of its future course of interaction with an agent. The possible risk in the context of an e-commerce interaction is a multidimensional construct which i

Huynh, BP 1970, 'Convective Cooling of an Extrudate', Volume 1: Symposia, Parts A and B, ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference, ASMEDC, San Diego, California, USA, pp. 1713-1722.
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Convective heat transfer about an isothermal, cylindrical extrudate of constant diameter, issuing continuously from an extrusion die, is investigated numerically, using a commercial CFD software package. The hot extrudate is assumed to move vertically downward, thus giving rise to a combined regime of forced and free convection in the surrounding fluid. Prandtl number of 0.707, corresponding to air near standard conditions, is used. It is seen that when extrudate speed is very low, heat transfer decreases as speed is increased. However this trend is reversed at higher extrudate speed. Flow pattern in the ambient fluid, and effects of Rayleigh number on the extrudate’s heat transfer, will also be presented.

Huynh, BP 1970, 'Cooling by free convection at high Rayleigh number of cylinders positioned above a plane', Proceedings of the 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, 16AFMC, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, School of Engineering, The University of Queensland, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 654-658.
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Free convection cooling of isothermal circular cylinders positioned above a horizontal plane is investigated numerically, using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package. Computation is performed for high Rayleigh number, in the range 109 - 1011. Chien's turbulence model of low-Reynolds-number K-e is used, with Prandtl number of 0.707, corresponding to air near standard conditions. Influence of the underlying plane on heat transfer from the cylinders' surface is examined. As the gap between the plane and cylinders is narrowed, a pattern can be seen whereby heat transfer reaches a minimum that moves closer to the cylinder surface with higher Rayleigh number. The plane's thermal condition, adiabatic versus isothermal, produces no significant difference in the heat transfer for the present range of gap ratio, in contrast to laminar case.

Iacopi, F, Vereecken, PM, Schaekers, M, Caymax, M, Moelans, N, Blanpain, B, Detavernier, C, D'Haen, J & Griffiths, H 1970, 'Alternative Catalysts For Si-Technology Compatible Growth Of Si Nanowires', MRS Proceedings, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, pp. 8-13.
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AbstractThe use of Au nanoparticles as catalysts for growth of Si nanowires poses fundamental reliability concerns for applications in Si semiconductor technology. In this work we show that the choice of catalysts can be broadened when the need for catalytic precursor dissociation is eliminated. However, the requirements for selective deposition in a gas phase transport -limited regime become stringent. When competing deposition of amorphous Si can bury the particles faster than the incubation time for VLS growth, no nanowire growth will be initiated. We show that the use of a catalyst such as In, already in a liquid form at the growth temperature, is effective. Therefore, the choice of VLS catalysts among the low melting point metals from the III, IV and V groups is suggested.

Indraratna, B, Golab, A, Glamore, W & Blunden, B 1970, 'Acid sulphate soil remediation techniques on the Broughton Creek Floodplain, New South Wales, Australia', Geotechnical and Environmental Aspects of Waste Disposal Sites - Proceedings of Green4 International Symposium on Geotechnics Related to the Environment, pp. 349-357.
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One-way floodgates were commonly installed on flood mitigation drains in coastal areas of Australia during the late 1960s. In acid sulphate soil affected regions, the floodgates create reservoirs of acidic water that discharge at low tide. Several successful remediation techniques have been used in south-eastern NSW, Australia. Groundwater elevation and quality were monitored and modelled using finite element software and fixed level v-notch weirs were installed at three elevations in a drain. The weirs successfully maintained the groundwater elevation above the acid sulphate soil layer and reduced the acid discharge rate to the drain. Following geochemi-cal modelling, modified two-way floodgates that allow tidal ingress were installed. The modified floodgates buffer the drain water pH before discharging into adjacent waterways. Monitoring proved that saline intrusion into the surrounding soil from the drains was not a major concern for the pastureland or other agricultural activities. © 2007 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Chu, J 1970, 'Soft Clay Stabilization with Geosynthetic Vertical Drains beneath Road and Railway Embankments: A Critical Review of Analytical Solutions and Numerical Analysis', Advances in Measurement and Modeling of Soil Behavior, Geo-Denver 2007, American Society of Civil Engineers, p. 7.
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In the wide array of existing ground improvement schemes, the use of vertical drains with vacuum preloading is considered as the most effective and economical method for improving soft clays (normally consolidated to lightly over-consolidated) prior to construction of infrastructure. Vertical drains installed to significant depths promote radial flow inducing consolidation rapidly enhancing the shear strength of the compressed ground. In this paper, the analytical solutions based on lateral soil permeability (parabolic variation) are discussed considering the variation of vacuum pressure with depth along the prefabricated vertical drains (PVD). Using the Cavity Expansion Theory (CET), the smear zone caused by the installation of PVD by steal mandrel was predicted and compared with laboratory measurements obtained from large-scale radial consolidation tests. The effects of drain unsaturation and vacuum pressure along the drain length are also discussed. The numerical analyses incorporating equivalent plane strain solutions were performed to predict the soil responses based on two selected case histories in Thailand. The research findings provided insight as to which of the above aspects needed to be simulated accurately in numerical modelling. The application of cyclic loading on PVD stabilized ground was also examined using a finite element approach under railway embankment. It is demonstrated that short drains less than 8 m installed beneath tracks are still useful for effective dissipation of cyclic pore pressures and curtailing unacceptable lateral movement immediately below the track level, at the same time avoiding excessive settlement of the track in the short-term. Copyright ASCE 2007.

Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Wijeyakulasuriya, V, Shahin, MA & Christie, D 1970, 'Soft soil stabilisation with special reference to road and railway embankments', Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Soft Soil Engineering - Soft Soil Engineering, 4th International Conference on Soft Soil Engineering, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, Vancouver, CANADA, pp. 35-55.
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Much of Australian railway tracks traverse coastal areas containing soft soils and marine deposits. Pre-construction stabilization of soft formation soils by applying a surcharge load alone often takes too long. The installation of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) can reduce the preloading period significantly by decreasing the drainage path length, sometimes by a factor of 10 or more. The analytical solution based on actual radial soil permeability is proposed considering the variation of vacuum pressure, and the Cavity Expansion Theory is employed to predict the smear zone caused by the installation of mandrel driven vertical drains. The predicted smear zone and the effect of drain unsaturation are compared with data obtained from a large-scale radial consolidation tests and the results are explained. When a higher load is required to meet the desired rate of settlement and the cost of surcharge is also significant, the application of vacuum pressure with reduced surcharge loading can be used. In this method, an external negative load is applied to the soil surface in the form of vacuum pressure through a sealed membrane system. The applied vacuum pressure generates negative pore water pressure, resulting in an increase in effective stress and accelerated consolidation, also avoiding the need for a high surcharge embankment. The analytical and numerical analyses incorporating the authors' equivalent plane strain solution for both Darcian and non-Dracian flow are conducted to predict the excess pore pressures, lateral and vertical displacements and several selected case histories are analysed and presented. Cyclic loading of PVDs is also examined in the laboratory in a manner appropriate for railway environments. It is shown that short PVDs can dissipate excess pore pressure as fast as they are built up under repeated loading conditions. The research findings verify that the impact of smear and vacuum pressure can significantly affect soil consolidation, and...

Ip, K, Thomas, P, Stuart, BH & Ray, AS 1970, 'Thermal characterisation of the clay binder of heritage Sydney sandstone', Medicta 2007: The 8th Mediterranean Conference on Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis Book of Abstracts, 8th Mediterranean Conference on Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis, Palermo.

Iu, HHC, Ling, SH, Lu, DDC & IEEE 1970, 'Comparative study of bifurcation boundry in parallel-connected buck converters under democratic current-sharing control', 2007 AUSTRALASIAN UNIVERSITIES POWER ENGINEERING, VOLS 1-2, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Curtin Univ Technol, Perth, AUSTRALIA, pp. 359-363.

Jarman, R & Willey, K 1970, 'Benchmarking Capstone Projects in UTS Faculty of Engineering', ATN EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT Conference, ATN Assessment Conference, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 45-57.
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UTS:Engineering Capstone Projects are undertaken in the final semester(s) of study and provide an opportunity for students to demonstrate a capacity to perform at the levels expected of a professional engineer. In many cases, students undertake projects in their workplace environment affording a rich context to integrate real-world problems and solutions with academic rigour. The existing subject requirements have remained relatively unchanged for over 10 years; there is negligible evidence of the impact of its introduction and only anecdotal evidence of its effectiveness as a âcapstoneâ subject. Further, project supervisors have expressed their concern regarding a drop in quality of project work â and its assessment. Some students opt for âsofterâ project topics, moderation of assessment criteria across Faculty staff is problematic, and there is a lack of adequate evaluation (feedback) data from students to inform improvement strategy. As changes to subject requirements are being introduced in Spring 2007, a benchmarking exercise is timely. This paper will present the pertinent outcomes from a detailed evaluation undertaken by 85 capstone project students in Autumn semester 2007. Students were asked to self-evaluate on a 0-5 scale the âapplicabilityâ and their âcapacity to demonstrate in their project work each of 61 competency indicators chosen from Engineers Australia Stage 1 Competency Standards. The outcomes will serve as a valuable guide for areas of improvement as well as a benchmark against which future change can be measured.

Jay Guo, Y 1970, 'Cover', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE.
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Jia, W & Tien, D 1970, 'Discovering local cooccurring patterns from aerial images', Fourth International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, ICITA 2007, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Macquarie Scientific Publishing, Sydney, Australia, Harbin, China, pp. 300-305.
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Developing a spatial searching engine to enhance the search capabilities of large spatial repositories for GIS update has attracted more and more attention. Existing methods are usually designed to extract limited types of objects and use only one aspect of features of Images. In this paper, we propose to use the local cooccurring patterns to disclose the cooccurring relationships among each dominant local features and use this local cooccurring patterns to recognize an object from aerial images. For this purpose, we investigate three types of local features: colour-based features, texture-based features, and edgebased shape features. In order to facilitate the feature extraction procedure, we first use discontinuity-preserving smoothing methods to filter the input image. Two popular smoothing techniques are tested and compared. Experimental results are presented in this paper.

Jia, W, He, S, Zhang, H & Wu, Q 1970, 'Combining Edge and Colour Information for Number Plate Detection', Proceedings of Image and Vision Computing New Zealand 2007, Image and Vision Computing Conference, Image and Vision Computing New Zealand, Hamilton, New Zealand, pp. 227-232.
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This paper presents a method for vehicle number plate detection which combines edge and colour features of number plates. We concentrate on two key issues of this application: speed and robustness. Our focus is put on detecting parts of a number plate, instead of the number plate itself as a whole. To achieve the target of real-time detection, two simple features based on a rede¯ned vertical edge map are constructed. To address the illumination-sensitive problem of using colour information, a Gaussian weighted histogram intersection (GWHI) method is proposed. The above new ideas compose the major part of the algorithm. Our experimental results demonstrate a promising preliminary result on detecting yellow number plates in terms of detection speed and robustness, which shows the feasibility of the proposed method.

Jia, W, Tien, D, He, X, Hope, BA & Wu, Q 1970, 'Advances in Visual Information Systems', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Visual Information Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Shanghai, China, pp. 478-489.
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Developing a spatial searching tool to enhance the search car pabilities of large spatial repositories for Geographical Information System (GIS) update has attracted more and more attention. Typically, objects to be detected are represented by many local features or local parts. Testing images are processed by extracting local features which are then matched with the object's model image. Most existing work that uses local features assumes that each of the local features is independent to each other. However, in many cases, this is not true. In this paper, a method of applying the local cooccurring patterns to disclose the cooccurring relationships between local features for object detection is presented. Features including colour features and edge-based shape features of the interested object are collected. To reveal the cooccurring patterns among multiple local features, a colour cooccurrence histogram is constructed and used to search objects of interest from target images. The method is demonstrated in detecting swimming pools from aerial images. Our experimental results show the feasibility of using this method for effectively reducing the labour work in finding man-made objects of interest from aerial images. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

Jiang, ZY, Xie, HB, Yang, LM, Zhu, HT, Wei, DB & Tieu, AK 1970, 'Mechanics of Asymmetric Rolling of Thin Strip with Effect of Work Roll Edge Contact', Materials Science Forum, 6th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Cheju Isl, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 115-118.
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Asymmetric rolling of thin strip has become important due to a significant decrease ofrolling force, which contributes to obtain the extremely thin strip, to reduce the rolling passes, andto save the energy by a decrease of anneal treatment. In asymmetric rolling of thin strip, edges ofwork rolls may contact and deform when no or small work roll bending force is applied. Work rolledge contact forms a new deformation feature. In this paper, the effects of initial thickness of stripand friction coefficient on the rolling pressure, roll edge contact length and strip crown duringasymmetric rolling of thin strip with work roll edge contact effect has been discussed, and thecalculated rolling force with work roll edge contact is compared with the measured value.

Jiang, ZY, Zhu, HT, Wei, DB & Tieu, AK 1970, 'Asymmetric Cold Rolling of Thin Strip with Roll Edge Kiss', 2007 2nd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2007 2nd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, IEEE, Harbin, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 2781-2786.
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Asymmetric rolling can reduce the thickness of rolled strip and rolling load significantly. In this paper, the asymmetric cold rolling of thin strip with roll edge kiss was analysed theoretically and the rolling pressure, intermediate force between the work roll and backup roll, the work roll edge kiss force, the strip profile after rolling are obtained for this special asymmetric rolling. The rolling pressure, intermediate force, roll edge kiss force and the strip profile are compared for various roll speed ratios, reduction and friction coefficients. Simulation result shows that the roll speed ratio and reduction have a significant influence on the profile of rolled strip, and the calculated rolling forces are consistent with the measured values. The effect of friction in the roll bite on mechanics of the asymmetric cold rolling of thin strip with roll edge kiss is also discussed.

Jiang, ZY, Zhu, HT, Wei, DB & Tieu, AK 1970, 'Mechanics of a Special Asymmetric Rolling of Thin Strip', Key Engineering Materials, 8th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Engineering Plasticity and Its Applications (AEPA 2006), Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, JAPAN, pp. 707-712.
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Asymmetric rolling is used to produce thinner strip, which can reduce rolling forcesignificantly. When a thinner strip is rolled on a rolling mill, work roll edge may contact each other,which affects the mechanics of this special asymmetric rolling and the crown of the rolled strip. Inthis paper, the authors developed a numerical model to simulate this special rolling and obtained therolling force, intermediate force, roll edge contact force, the crown of the rolled strip and the edgecontact length. The effects of the initial thickness of strip and the friction variation at upper andlower work rolls on the rolling force and crown of the rolled strip are also discussed.

Jiangfeng Zhang & Xiaohua Xia 1970, 'Best switching time of hot water cylinder-switched optimal control approach', AFRICON 2007, AFRICON 2007, IEEE, Windhoek, NAMIBIA, pp. 436-441.
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Jian-Zhou Wang, Liang Wu & Hai-Yan Lu 1970, 'Special periods peak load analysis and superior forecasting method based on LS-SVM', 2007 International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition, 2007 International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, Crowne Plaza Hotel, Beijing, China, pp. 249-253.
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People often try to smooth or eliminate load outliers all together in traditional power load forecasting. This, however, could result in the loss of important hidden information. In other words, the power load outliers themselves may be particular important. Hence there is a beforehand estimate to change and characteristic of power load, especially in power load outliers or peak load, is a precondition of power system carry through economy dispatch, reduce production cost and prevent widespread blackout or collapse on electric system. In this paper propose a novel method for special periods power peak load detection, mining and forecasting. It incorporates the characteristic of high level load and maximum peak load analysis with optimum forecasting algorithm based on support vector machine. The validity of the method is proved by real data calculation. © 2007 IEEE.

Jiaxin Chen, Jianguo Zhu & Youguang Guo 1970, 'A 2-D nonlinear FEA tool embedded in Matlab/Simulink surrounding for application of electromagnetic field analysis in power converters', 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE.
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Jiaxin Chen, Jianguo Zhu & Youguang Guo 1970, 'A unified hybrid model with two level networks for peak current mode controlled buck-boost converters operating in DCM and CCM', 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE.
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Jiaxin Chen, Jianguo Zhu & Youguang Guo 1970, 'Modeling and performance analysis of energy regeneration system in electric vehicle with permanent magnet DC motor driving system', 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE.
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Jiaxin Chen, Youguang Guo & Jianguo Zhu 1970, 'A general method for designing the transformer of flyback converters based on nonlinear FEA of electromagnetic field coupled with external circuit', 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE.
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Jie Zhao, Xiaojing Huang & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Dynamic bandwidth MCIDS - a cognitive solution for MCIDS based UWB communications', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1502-1506.
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Dynamic bandwidth multicode interleaved direct sequence (MCIDS), an enhanced MCIDS based Ultra-wideband (UWB) application is proposed in this paper, featuring a cognitive transmission bandwidth adaptation without any adverse effect on the data rate. By introducing a specific lowpass filtering and down-sampling into the traditional MCIDS algorithm, this system can decrease the transmission bandwidth into part of its original bandwidth but still be able to recover all the transmitted data from the reduced bandwidth. This solution can efficiently improve the coexistence ability of UWB devices in a cognitive manner without increasing hardware complexity. © 2007 IEEE.

Jihua Zhou, Dutkiewicz, E, Di Pang, Jinlong Hu & Jinglin Shi 1970, 'Optimizing initial ranging region allocation in IEEE 802.16 OFDMA systems', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, pp. 178-183.
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The IEEE 802.16 standard has been developed for metropolitan broadband wireless access systems. As part of the standard, the random access scheme is used for initial ranging. The ratio between the numbers of initial ranging slots and data slots in the uplink subframe decides the contention throughput, access delay and data throughput. However, no specific ratio is standardized in the protocol, so it is still necessary to determine the optimal number of initial ranging slots which is the decisive factor of the ratio. In this paper, we analyze the three parameters above, contention throughput, access delay and data throughput, each of which can be expressed as a function of the number of initial ranging slots. In addition, we define an objective function and derive the exact equation of the optimal number of ranging slots. Based on the equation, we propose an optimal dynamic controller to allocate the initial ranging region In the uplink subframe. We also propose an estimation scheme to obtain the number of contention users using Newton Iteration method. To verify the correctness of the analysis and the efficiency of the controller, we conduct extensive simulations. The simulation and analytical results match very well. The results show that good system performance can be achieved with the optimal dynamic controller. © 2007 IEEE.

Jin, J, Guo, Y, Chen, J, Zheng, L & Zhu, J 1970, 'HTS levitation and transportation with linear motor control', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 26TH CHINESE CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOL 6, 26th Chinese Control Conference, BEIJING UNIV AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PRESS, Zhangjiajie, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 10-+.

Jin, J, Zheng, L, Wen, J, Guo, Y, Chen, J & Zhu, J 1970, 'HTS Levitated Mobile Technology and Prototype', 2007 IEEE International Conference on Integration Technology, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Integration Technology, IEEE, Shenzhen, China, pp. 47-51.
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The special reaction phenomenon of a high temperature superconductor (HTS) to magnetic fields provides an alternative technical solution for design of a levitated mobilization system, in which a linear motion drive with a HTS incorporated is a critical issue. This work presents the design and performance analysis of a HTS linear synchronous driving system with a prototype built for verification. Magnetic field finite element analyses are conducted to compute the key parameters, and the steady state characteristic of the system is predicted by using the classic phasor voltage equation. A simulation model is also built to analyze the system dynamic performance, and results show that the levitated HTS mobilization system developed can be driven and controlled at the desired speed.

Jin, JX, Zhang, JL, Guo, YG, Zhan, YD & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Next generation of DC power transmission technology using High T<inf>c</inf> superconducting cables', 2007 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2007 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Perth, Australia, pp. 205-210.
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Jin, JX, Zhang, JL, Guo, YG, Zhan, YD & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Next generation of DC power transmission technology using high T-c superconducting cables', 2007 AUSTRALASIAN UNIVERSITIES POWER ENGINEERING, VOLS 1-2, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Curtin Univ Technol, Perth, AUSTRALIA, pp. 135-+.

Johnston, A, Marks, B & Candy, L 1970, 'Sound controlled musical instruments based on physical models', International Computer Music Conference, ICMC 2007, International Computer Music Conference, International Computer Music Association, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 232-239.
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This paper describes three simple virtual musical instruments that use physical models to map between live sound and computer generated audio and video. The intention is that this approach will provide musicians with an intuitively understandable environment that facilitates musical expression and exploration. Musicians live sound exerts 'forces' on simple mass-spring physical models which move around in response and produce sound. Preliminary findings from a study of musicians' experiences using the software indicate that musicians find the software easy to understand and interact with and are drawn to software with more complex interaction-even though this complexity can reduce the feeling of direct control.

Johnston, AJ & Marks, B 1970, 'Partial reflections', Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI conference on Creativity & cognition - C&C '07, the 6th ACM SIGCHI conference, ACM Press, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 257-258.
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In this paper we describe two interactive virtual musical instruments that are controlled by sound. These instruments are based on virtual physical models that can be pushed and prodded by making sounds into a microphone. These models provide a mapping between acoustic sounds and computer generated sounds and visuals.

Jupp, J, Langdon, P & Godsill, S 1970, 'Mobile Computing in Maintenance Activities: A ’Situational Induced Impairments and Disabilities’ Perspective', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 696-705.
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This paper examines the context of mobile computing within facilities maintenance activities on the basis of an analysis of cursor movement and point and click disruptions that may occur when a number of perturbations are induced by the computing environment. An analysis based on context-aware computing distinguishes between situational induced impairments and disabilities (SIID) whose properties are related to Health Induced Impairments and Disabilities (HIID) such as motion impairment, tremor or spasm. A number of technology solutions based on Assistive Technology interventions for motion impaired cursor movement stabilization are possible approaches to counter SIID in Mobile computing for maintenance environments. A software based cursor movement smoothing method based on statistical state space filtering is presented as an example of a new development of one such approach. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH, Haseeb, ASMA, Redzuan, MA & Syazly, M 1970, 'Friction and wear characteristics of biodiesel contaminated lubricants', Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers - 62nd Annual Meeting of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers 2007, pp. 1001-1003.
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Three samples were explicitly prepared as Sample A - normal lubricant SAE4O grade, Sample B - consists of SAE4O grade with 0.5% additive (Amine phosphate), and Sample C - consists of SAE4O grade with 0.5% additive (octylated/butylated diphenylamine). Each of the samples was contaminated with biodiesel from 1 to 5% and evaluated as a biodegradable lubricant to be used for biodiesel fuelled engines. Based on four ball testing, palm oil diesel based lubricant showed promising result as compared to conventional lubricant. For sample C, coefficient of friction (COF) increased from 0.8 to 0.24 with the increase of load from 50 to 90 kg. However, the samples A and B showed lower COF throughout the load range. The additive (0.5% octylated/butylated diphenylamine) had an adverse effect on COF. Increasing percentage of POD did not have much affect on COF as all the samples showed almost constant level of COF in their individual trend. Thus, palm oil diesel could be used as additive in the developing of new biodegradable lubricant. The sample C showed some fluctuation of COF as compared to samples A and B. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers - 62nd Annual Meeting of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers 2007 (Philadelphia, PA 5/6-10/2007).

Kandasamy, JK & Vigneswaran, S 1970, 'Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater and Stormwater Management', Current Issues on Wetland Conservation in Asia: In View of the Upcoming COP10, International Symposium on Regional Wetlands Issues In Asia, Daewoong, Bugok, South Korea, pp. 60-70.

Kang, K 1970, 'Adopting Culture in E-Business - A Global Aspect', Expanding the Knowledge Economy: Issues, Applications, Case Studies, eChallenges, IOS Press, The Hague, Netherlands, pp. 170-176.
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This paper presents an investigation of user preferences in global web sites. This study was important to establish an understanding of the barriers in implementing of e-commerce on a global level. The paper begins with an overview of current business-to customer (B2C) e-commerce sites on the web, and then describes cultural issues in the global e-commerce. The paper also discusses innovative design ideas that are currently being used extensively to attract customers and increase e-commerce organisations presence in the global markets.

Kannapiran, A, Jeyakumaran, JM, Chanan, AP, Kandasamy, JK, Singh, G, Tambosis, P & Al-Jumaily, A 1970, 'Asset Management of Stormwater System using Fuzzy Logic', The Eighth International Conference on Intelligent Technologies (InTech-07), International Conference on Intelligent Technologies, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 182-188.

Kazienko, P & Musiał, K 1970, 'Assessment of Personal Importance Based on Social Networks', MICAI 2007: ADVANCES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, 6th Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (MICAI 2007), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Aguascalientes, MEXICO, pp. 529-539.
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Kazuto Nishi, Shingo Yoshizawa & Yoshikazu Miyanaga 1970, 'A study of dynamic reconfigurable FFT processor for OFDM based cognitive radio', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE.
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Kha, HH, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, TQ 1970, 'An Efficient SDP Based Design for Prototype Filters of M-Channel Cosine-Modulated Filter Banks', 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - ICASSP '07, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - ICASSP '07, IEEE, Honolulu, HI, pp. 893-896.
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The paper presents an efficient semidefinite programming (SDP) based design for prototype filters of cosine-modulated filter banks (CMFBs). We consider a class of near-perfect reconstruction CMFBs with the linear phase prototype filter, which structurall

Kha, HH, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, TQ 1970, 'Design of Cosine-Modulated Pseudo-QMF Banks Using Semidefinite Programming Relaxation', 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE, New Orleans, USA, pp. 585-588.
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The paper proposes a new approach for the design of M-channel pseudo-quadrature mirror filter (QMF) banks. First, the convex hull of 2Mth band linear phase filters admitting linear phase spectral factors is analytically described by semidefinite programm

Kha, HH, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, TQ 1970, 'Optimal design of triplet halfband filter banks via Semidefinite Programming', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 243-+.
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This paper proposes a computationally efficient method for designing a class of triplet halfband filter banks. We show that the design of perfect reconstruction two-channel filter banks with arbitrary regularity order can be precisely formulated as a sem

Khosroshahi, ME, Enayati, M, shafiei, S & Tavakoli, J 1970, 'Evaluation of drug release from PLGA nanospheres containing bethametasone', Biophotonics 2007: Optics in Life Science, European Conference on Biomedical Optics, OSA.
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In this research poly (d,1-lactide-coglycolide acid) (PLGA) as polymeric nanospheres, polyvinyl alcohol) (PVA) with 87-89% hydrolysis degree as surfactant and distilled water as suspending medium were used. The encapsulated drug was Bethametasone. The nanospheres were prepared by an emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The nanospheres characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The amount of drug release was determined by HPLC. In emulsion-solvent evaporation technique, time of ultrasound exposure, surfactant content in the formulation and evaporation rate of organic solvents were considered as formulation variables. © 2007 SPIE-OSA.

Kim, J & Brambley, G 1970, 'Dual optic-flow integrated navigation for small-scale flying robots', Proceedings of the 2007 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA 2007.
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This paper addresses the recent development of real-time visual odometry system based on a dual optical-flow system and its integration to an inertial navigation system aiming for small-scale flying robots. To overcome the unknown depth information in optic-flow, a dual optic-flow system is developed and tested. The flow measurements are fused with a low-cost inertial sensor using an extended Kalman filter. The experimental results in indoor environment will be presented showing improved navigational performances constraining errors in height, velocity and attitude.

Kim, S, Nguyen, V, Vigneswaran, S & Ngo, H 1970, 'Adsorption Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Iron-coated Sponge (IOCSp) for Removal of As (III)', Proceedings of International Conference on Cleaner Technologies and Environmental Management (ICCTEM 200), International Conference on Cleaner Technologies and Environmental Management, Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., India, pp. 44-50.
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Kirchner, NG, Liu, D, Taha, T & Paul, G 1970, 'Capacitive Object Ranging and Material Type Classifying Sensor', Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Technologies (InTech), International Conference on Intelligent Technologies, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 130-135.

Kirchner, NG, Taha, T, Liu, D & Paul, G 1970, 'Simultaneous Material Type Classification And Mapping Data Acquisition Using A Laser Range Finder', Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Technologies (InTech), International Conference on Intelligent Technologies, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 124-129.
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This paper presents a method for single sensor simultaneous derivation of three-dimensional mapping data and material type data for use in an autonomous sandblasting system. A Hokuyo laser range finder’s firmware has been modified so that it returns intensity data. A range error and return intensity analyzing algorithm allows the material type of the sensed object to be determined from a set of known materials. Empirical results have demonstrated the system’s ability to classify material type (under alignment and orientation constraints) from a set of known materials common to sandblasting environments (wood, concrete, metals with different finishes and cloth/fabric) and to successfully classify objects both when static and when fitted to an in-motion 6-DOF anthropomorphic robotic arm.

Kobayashi, M & Ito, T 1970, 'A Transactional Relationship Visualization System in Internet Auctions', 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (IAT'07), 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (IAT'07), IEEE, San Jose, pp. 72-75.
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Trading agents are very useful for developing and backtesting quality trading strategies for actions taking in the real world. However, the existing trading agent research mainly focuses on simulation using artificial data and market models. As a result, the actionable capability of developed trading strategies is often limited. In this paper, we analyze such constraints on developing actionable trading strategies for trading agents. These points are deployed into developing a series of trading strategies for trading agents through optimizing, and enhancing actionable trading strategies. We demonstrate working case studies in large-scale of market data. These approaches and their performance are evaluated from both technical and business perspectives.

Kodagoda, S, Alempijevic, A, Sehestedt, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Towards improving driver situation awareness at intersections', 2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, San Diego, California, pp. 3739-3744.
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Providing safety critical information to the driver is vital in reducing road accidents, especially at intersections. Intersections are complex to deal with due to the presence of large number of vehicle and pedestrian activities, and possible occlusions. Information available from only the sensors onboard a vehicle has limited value in this scenario. In this paper, we propose to utilize sensors on-board the vehicle of interest as well as the sensors that are mounted on nearby vehicles to enhance the driver situation awareness. The resulting major research challenge of sensor registration with moving observers is solved using a mutual information based technique. The response of the sensors to common causes are identified and exploited for computing their unknown relative locations. Experimental results, for a mock up traffic intersection in which mobile robots equipped with laser range finders are used, are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed technique. ©2007 IEEE.

Kodagoda, S, Alempijevic, A, Sehestedt, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Towards improving driver situation awareness at intersections', 2007 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-9, IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, San Diego, CA, pp. 3745-3750.

Kodagoda, S, Sehestedt, S, Alempijevic, A, Zhang, Z, Donikian, A & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Towards an enhanced driver situation awareness system', 2007 International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, 2007 International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, IEEE, Sri Lanka, pp. 295-300.
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This paper outlines our current research agenda to achieve enhanced driver situation awareness. A novel approach that incorporates information gathered from sensors mounted on the neighboring vehicles, in the road infrastructure as well as onboard sensory information is proposed. A solution to the fundamental issue of registering data into a common reference frame when the relative locations of the sensors themselves are changing is outlined. A description of the vehicle test bed, experimental results from information gathered from various onboard sensors, and preliminary results from the sensor registration algorithm are presented. ©2007 IEEE.

Kong, X 1970, 'GPS Modeling in Frequency Domain', The 2nd International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications (AusWireless 2007), The 2nd International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications (AusWireless 2007), IEEE, Sydney Australia, pp. 61-66.
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Although DGPS provides positioning information with high precision, when DGPS is unavailable in some situations, stand-alone GPS has to be used in vehicle navigation. The accuracy of standard GPS is low due to position measurement errors. This paper presents a frequency domain modeling approach to model GPS errors and increase GPS positioning accuracy. This approach models GPS errors using shaping filter. External sensors are employed to reduce GPS errors. This paper also presents an approach to select external sensors to meet the quality requirements of positioning system.

Konstantynowicz, J, Nguyen, TV, Kaczmarski, M, Jamiolkowski, J, Piotrowska-Jastrzebska, J & Seeman, E 1970, 'A Milk-free diet contributes little to the high prevalence of fractures in childhood', Bone, 4th International Conference on Childrens Bone Health, Elsevier BV, Montreal, CANADA, pp. S57-S57.
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Kubiak, B, Pietroni, N, Ganovelli, F & Fratarcangeli, M 1970, 'A robust method for real-time thread simulation.', VRST, ACM, ACM, pp. 85-88.

Kwok, N, Carmichael, MG, Ha, QP & Tan, K 1970, 'Statistical decision based gray-level image feature matching', Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Technologies (InTech'07), International Conference on Intelligent Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 269-274.
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Kwok, NM, Fang, G, Ha, QP & Liu, DK 1970, 'An enhanced particle swarm optimization algorithm for multi-modal functions', 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MECHATRONICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS I-V, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, IEEE, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China, pp. 457-462.
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The particle swarm optimization algorithm has been frequently employed to solve various optimization problems. Although the algorithm is performing satisfactorily while tackling unit-modal optimizations, enhancements in dealing with multi-modal functions are indeed desirable. Convergence of particles to the optimum solution is a primary and traditional requirement, however, this is achieved only after all the solutions space has been covered and evaluated. In this work, the focus is directed towards maintaining sufficient divergence of particles in multi-modal problems, by developing an alternative social interaction scheme among the swarm members. Particularly, a multiple-leaders strategy is employed in the new PSO algorithm to prevent pre-mature convergence. Results from benchmark problems are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2007 IEEE.

Kwok, NM, Ha, QP & Samali, B 1970, 'MR Damper Optimal Placement for Semi-Active Control of Buildings Using an Efficient Multiobjective Binary Genetic Algorithm', Automation and Robotics in Construction &#8213; Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, 24th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), Kochi, pp. 361-367.
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In order to ensure the survival of building structures during earthquake periods, induced vibrations have to be mitigated. In this regard, semi-active control of smart structures using magneto-rheological dampers is becoming an emerging technology. Improvements on vibration reduction are foreshadowed when the dampers are installed at critical locations on the building structure. In this paper, the placement of dampers is cast as a multi-objective optimization problem in the sense of minimum resultant vibration magnitudes and with a minimum number of dampers. A binary-coded genetic algorithm is employed as the optimizer owing to its computational flexibility and high performance. Simulation results are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on a high-rise building model subject to benchmark earthquake records.

Kwok, NM, Ha, QP, Fang, G & IEEE 1970, 'Data association in bearing-only SLAM using a cost function-based approach', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-10, IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Roma, Italy, pp. 4108-4113.
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When using an extended Kalman filter (EKF) in simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for a mobile robot with bearing-only measurements, it is crucial to correctly assign correspondences between measurements and registered features in the map, otherwise the filter diverges or becomes inconsistent. Conventional methods based on the Mahalanobis distance metric may produce data association ambiguities. Its reliability may further be degraded in bearing-only SLAM due to the limited amount of information delivered from the sensor. The data association process is cast here as that of making a decision based on the sensor measurement as whether to update the EKF or not. For this, cost functions are applied taking into account the interferences from other features. The proposed approach enhances robustness of the data association and consequently assures the performance of bearing-only SLAM. Results from simulations and experiments are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in a typical indoor scenario.

Kwok, NM, Ha, QP, Liu, DK, Fang, G, Tan, KC & IEEE 1970, 'Efficient particle swarm optimization: A termination condition based on the decision-making approach', 2007 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-10, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 3353-3360.
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Evolutionary computation algorithms, such as the particle swarm optimization (PSO), have been widely applied in numerical optimizations and real-world product design, not only for their satisfactory performances but also in their relaxing the need for detailed mathematical modelling of complex systems. However, as iterative heuristic searching methods, they often suffer from difficulties in obtaining high quality solutions in an efficient manner. Since unnecessary resources used in computation iterations should be avoided, the determination of a proper termination condition for the algorithms is desirable. In this work, termination is cast as a decision-making process to end the algorithm. Specifically, the non-parametric sign-test is incorporated as a hypothetical test method such that a quantifiable termination in regard to specifiable decision-errors can be assured. Benchmark optimization problems are tackled using the PSO as an illustrative optimizer to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed termination condition. © 2007 IEEE.

Laeng, J, Xiu, Z, Xu, X, Sun, X, Ru, H & Liu, Y 1970, 'Phase formation of Ni–Ti via solid state reaction', Physica Scripta, IOP Publishing, pp. 250-254.
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Lalanne, D & van den Hoven, E 1970, 'Supporting Human Memory with Interactive Systems', Electronic Workshops in Computing, Proceedings of HCI 2007 The 21st British HCI Group Annual Conference University of Lancaster, UK, BCS Learning & Development, Lancaster, UK, pp. 215-216.
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The major goal of this workshop is to explore how interactive systems can support human memory, using novel technologies and innovative human/machine interaction paradigms, such as tangible interaction. We believe this is important since memory and attention are becoming critical resources for our wellness, e.g. with regard to a continuously increasing information overload. The goal of this workshop is not only to support personal information management but also daily life activities, e.g. adapted to user preferences and specific contexts. Where current multimedia search engines are designed for large user communities and their applications, this workshop targets the support of individual's personal memory in everyday life. © 2007, Denis Lalanne & Elise van den Hoven.

Lam, HK, Ling, SH, Iu, HHC, Yeung, CW, Leung, FHF & IEEE 1970, 'Control of nonlinear systems with a linear state-feedback controller and a modified neural network tuned by genetic algorithm', 2007 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-10, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 1614-1619.
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Lau, H, Huang, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Multi-agent search with interim positive information', 2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, San Diego, USA, pp. 3791-3796.
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A problem of searching with multiple searchers and scouts is presented. Unlike most search problems that terminate as soon as the target is found, successful detection by scouts only improve on the current knowledge of the moving target's location, such that the searchers can more effectively find and service the target in the future. The team must correspondingly plan not only to maximize the probability of the searchers directly finding the target, but also give them the best chance of exploiting any new information from potential scout detections. It is shown that this need to plan for replanning can be addressed by equivalently solving a series of simpler detection search problems that always do terminate on detection. Optimal and heuristic solution methods for this Searcher/Scout problem are derived, such that the capabilities of all the sensing platforms in a search task are harnessed even when only a subset are capable of actually servicing the target. ©2007 IEEE.

Lau, H, Huang, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Multi-agent search with interim positive information', 2007 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-9, IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, San Diego, CA, pp. 3797-3802.

Law, SS & Zhu, XQ 1970, 'Dynamic condition assessment of highway bridges including operational conditions', STRUCTURAL CONDITION ASSESSMENT, MONITORING AND IMPROVEMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2, 2nd International Conference on Structural Condition Assessment, Monitoring and Improvement (SCAMI-2), SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING, Changsha, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 393-399.

Lawrence, E, Zmijewska, A & Pradhan, S 1970, 'Mobile Payments: Partner or Perish?', Innovative Applications of Information Technology for the Developing World, Proceedings of the 3rd Asian Applied Computing Conference, PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., Kathmandu, pp. 240-247.
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Le Roux, F, Ranjeet, E, Ghai, V, Gao, Y, Lu, J & PRess, A 1970, 'A course recommender system using multiple criteria decision making method', PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING (ISKE 2007), International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering, Atlantis Press, Chengdu, China, pp. 346-350.
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A recommender system is a specific type of information filtering technique that presents the user-relevant information, which is implemented by creating a user's profile and comparing it to the other existing reference characteristics stored in the database. This paper developed a course recommender system capable of helping prospective students to choose relevant post graduate courses by multiple criteria decision making method. First, the multiple criteria decision making method was given. Then, the system prototype, which aimed at amalgamating the multiple criteria decision making model and the collaborative filtering recommendation system, was described. Finally the system architecture was illustrated

Leaney, J, Rozenblit, JW & Jianfeng, P 1970, 'Foreword', 14th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (ECBS'07), 14th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (ECBS'07), IEEE.
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Lebbe, MA, Agbinya, JI, Chaczko, Z & Chiang, F 1970, 'Self-organized classification of dangers for secure Wireless Mesh Networks', 2007 Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference, 2007 Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ATNAC 2007), IEEE, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 1-6.
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This paper introduces danger theory in artificial immune system as a method of responding to danger in wireless mesh networks. It identifies the challenges in deploying Wireless Mesh networks (WMNs) and focus on secure routing as one of the key challenges in deploying WMNs. In order to implement a secure routing system, various Artificial Immune System (AIS) models were analysed. These models have been used in Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and computer security in the literature. In this paper, the authors propose to use Danger models to secure routing in WMNs. The first step in secure routing process is to identify and classify the network dangers and take necessary actions to overcome those dangers. For the classification task, we apply Self-organizing Maps (SOMs) as the classifier to classify the danger levels in WMNs. These identified danger conditions are further deployed as the warning signals for the design of secure routing protocol. The experimental results validate the proposal of applying the Danger Theory (DT) into security area and good performance is also reported by the use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classifier.

Lee, J, Zhu, Y & Seshia, A 1970, 'Sub-10e Charge Resolution for Room Temperature Electrometry', 2007 IEEE Sensors, 2007 IEEE Sensors, IEEE.
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Leijdekkers, P, Gay, V & Lawrence, E 1970, 'Smart Homecare System for Health Tele-monitoring.', ICDS, International Conference on Digital Society, IEEE Computer Society, Guadaloupe, French Carribean, pp. 3-3.
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An increasing aged population worldwide puts our medical capabilities to the test. Research and commercial groups are investigating novel ways to care for the aged and chronically ill both in their own homes and in care facilities. This paper describes a prototype we have developed for remote healthcare monitoring. This personalized smart homecare system uses smart phones, wireless sensors, web servers and IP webcams. To illustrate the functionality of the prototype we describe a series of typical tele-health monitoring scenarios

Leveaux, RR 1970, 'Fair Play and the Centre Referee: Can technology Provide a Fairer Platform for Competition', Fair Play and the Centre Referee: Can technology Provide a Fairer Platform for Competition, Dong A Press, Beijing, China, pp. 103-114.

Leveaux, RR 1970, 'Life Balance and Student Participation in a University Sports Club: An Australian Perspective', Life Balance and Student Participation in a University Sports Club: An Australian Perspective, FISU / UBOC, Thailand, pp. 455-460.

Li Li & Petersen, IR 1970, 'A Gramian-based approach to model reduction for uncertain systems', 2007 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2007 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, New Orleans, USA, pp. 4373-4378.
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The paper considers the problem of model reduction for a class of uncertain systems with structured norm bounded uncertainty. The paper introduces controllability and observability Gramians in terms of certain parameterized algebraic Riccati inequalities. This enables a balanced trun-cation model reduction procedure for uncertain systems to be presented. Error bounds for this model reduction procedure are derived. The paper also investigates H ∞ model reduction for uncertain systems. The solution to this problem is shown to involve constructing the underlying Gramians satisfying a certain rank constraint. ©2007 IEEE.

Li Li & Petersen, IR 1970, 'A rank constrained LMI algorithm for the robust H^&#x221E; control of an uncertain system via a stable output feedback controller', 2007 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2007 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, New Orleans, Louisiana, pp. 5423-5428.
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The paper presents a numerical algorithm for constructing a stable output feedback controller for the robust H∞ control of an uncertain system. The uncertain systems under consideration contain structured uncertainty described by integral quadratic constraints. The controller is designed to achieve absolute stabilization with a specified level of disturbance attenuation. The main result gives an algorithm for constructing the desired controller in terms of LMIs subject to rank constraints. ©2007 IEEE.

Li Li & Ugrinovskii, VA 1970, 'Robust stabilization of LPV systems with structured uncertainty using minimax controllers', 2007 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2007 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, New Orleans, LA, pp. 2767-2772.
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This paper addresses a robust control scheduling scheme for uncertain linear parameter-varying systems with structured uncertainty. A gain-scheduled controller is proposed which employs a set of minimax optimal robust controllers and incorporates an interpolation rule to achieve continuity of the controller gain over a range of operating conditions. Novel weighted time-domain integral quadratic constraints are introduced to assist in the derivation of the controller. The key idea of the interpolation for the structured uncertainty case is to transform the parameterized algebraic Riccati inequalities into equivalent linear matrix inequalities. For every fixed value of the system parameter, the proposed controller guarantees robust stability and a certain bound on the worst-case performance of the corresponding uncertain closed loop system. Furthermore, a bound on the rate of parameter variations is obtained under which the closed loop LPV system is robustly stable. To obtain the proposed controller, a set of semi-definite programming problems are introduced; this enables an efficient numerical solution to the problem under consideration. © 2007 IEEE.

Li, J & Hu, X 1970, 'Workshop BioDM'07 - An overview', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 11th Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 110-111.
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This edited volume contains the papers selected for presentation at the Second Workshop on Data Mining for Biomedical Applications (BioDM'07) held in Nanjing, China on 22nd of May 2007. The workshop was held in conjunction with the 11th Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (PAKDD 2007), a leading international conference in the areas of data mining and knowledge discovery. The aim of this workshop was to provide a forum for discussing research topics related to biomedical applications where data mining techniques were found to be necessary and/or useful. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

Li, J, Choi, FC & Samali, B 1970, 'Modal-based damage identification methods for plate-like structures', Progress in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 19th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, ACMSM19, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Taylor and Francis, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 909-914.
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A great deal of work has been done in the area of damage identification in structures using changes of modal parameters before and after damage. Most of the developments have been based on beam theory and application to beam-like or truss structures. Few researchers have contributed to in-depth study of damage identification of plate-like structures employing modal-based methods. In this paper, two modal strain energy based damage identification methods have been expanded for detecting damage and evaluation of damage severity in plate-like structures. The study is based on finite element analysis (FEA) results of a plate model. The purpose of the study is to explore feasibility of using modal strain energy based methods for damage identification of plate-like structures. The results show that one modified method based on a two-dimensional mode shape curvature in computing the damage index provides very good damage localisation and severity estimation. © 2007 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Li, J, Samali, B & Crews, K 1970, 'A cost effective approach for integrity assessment of timber bridges', Progress in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 19th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, ACMSM19, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Taylor and Francis, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 1037-1042.
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To develop a reliable and cost effective tool to assess the structural integrity of aged timber bridges is currently a challenge facing structural engineers. Whilst proof-load testing and Non-destructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques provide valuable assessment, such procedures are generally too complex, costly and time consuming to be applied across the entire inventory of timber bridges. A simple dynamic based testing method was developed by authors to lower the cost and shorten the testing time. The method has recently been used successfully to undertake field-testing of more than 180 timber bridges across NSW. This paper summarises the analytical development of this new approach together with some experimental examples. In the analytical studies, a closed form solution was obtained to provide an explicit relationship between the flexural stiffness and measured modal parameters. A beam with spring and masses attached was used to model a bridge with added mass or alternative added mass such as a trailer and/or a water tank for bridge testing. After obtaining the in-service stiffness of the tested bridge, a probabilistic modelling based on bending strength and gross stiffness (EI) of timber girders, is developed to provide an assessment of bridge load carrying capacity by using predicted in-service stiffness. Results of experimental studies and field testing using this approach are given in the references. © 2007 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Li, K, Zhou, W, Yu, S & Dai, B 1970, 'A Parallel Downloading Algorithm for Redundant Networks', 7th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT 2007), 7th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT 2007), IEEE, Aizu Wakamatsu, JAPAN, pp. 177-+.
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Li, K, Zhou, W, Yu, S & Li, P 1970, 'Novel Data Management Algorithms in Peer-to-Peer Content Distribution Networks', KNOWLEDGE SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, 2nd International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering Management, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 538-543.
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Li, K, Zhou, W, Yu, S & Zhang, Y 1970, 'A Resource-Search and Routing Algorithm within PCDN Autonomy Area', Eighth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (PDCAT 2007), Eighth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (PDCAT 2007), IEEE, pp. 509-514.
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This paper studied a new type of network model; it is formed by the dynamic autonomy area, the structured source servers and the proxy servers. The new network model satisfies the dynamics within the autonomy area, where each node undertakes different tasks according to their different abilities, to ensure that each node has the load ability fit its own; it does not need to exchange information via the central servers, so it can carry out the efficient data transmission and routing search. According to the highly dynamics of the autonomy area, we established dynamic tree structure-proliferation system routing and resource-search algorithms and simulated these algorithms. Test results show the performance of the proposed network model and the algorithms are very stable. © 2007 IEEE.

Li, K, Zhou, W, Yu, S & Zhang, Y 1970, 'A resource-search and routing algorithm within PCDN autonomy area', EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES, PROCEEDINGS, 8th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA, pp. 509-+.
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Li, L, Petersen, IR & IEEE 1970, 'A rank constrained LMI algorithm for decentralized state feedback guaranteed cost control of uncertain systems with uncertainty described by integral quadratic constraints', 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13, American Control Conference, IEEE, New York, USA, pp. 257-262.
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The paper presents a numerical algorithm for constructing a decentralized state feedback guaranteed cost controller for an uncertain system. The uncertain systems under consideration contain structured uncertainty described by integral quadratic constraints. The decentralized controller is designed to achieve a closed loop system which is absolutely stable and such that a cost function satisfies a given bound for all admissible uncertainties. The main result gives an algorithm for constructing the desired controller in terms of LMIs subject to rank constraints. © 2007 IEEE.

Li, S 1970, 'Combining topological and directional information for spatial reasoning', IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Press, Hyderabad, India, pp. 435-440.
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Current research on qualitative spatial representation and reasoning usually focuses on one single aspect of space. However, in real world applications, several aspects are often involved together. This paper extends the well-known RCC8 constraint language to deal with both topological and directional information, and then investigates the interaction between the two kinds of information. Given a topological (RCC8) constraint network and a directional constraint network, we ask when the joint network is satisfiable. We show that when the topological network is over one of the three maximal tractable subclasses of RCC8, the problem can be reduced into satisfiability problems in the RCC8 algebra and the rectangle algebra (RA). Therefore, reasoning techniques developed for RCC8 and RA can be used to solve the satisfiability problem of a joint network.

Li, Y, Archer, JW, Rosolen, G, Hay, SG, Timms, GP & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Fringe Management for a T-Shaped Millimeter-Wave Imaging System', IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), pp. 1246-1254.
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Two methods, the modulated scene method and modulated beam method, are proposed in this paper to manage the fringe in a T-shaped correlating millimeter-wave imaging system. The modulated scene method incorporates the fringe into the scene to form a fringe-modulated scene. The pencil beam that corresponds to the beam of the system with a zero baseline scans the modulated scene to form an image. To recover the image of the original scene, an algorithm that involves demodulation and spectrum patching is used to process the original image after deconvolution. The resulting image is a super-resolution image of the scene. The advantage of the modulated scene method is that a phase shifter is not required. The modulated beam method incorporates the fringe into the beam. By dynamically adjusting the phase of a local oscillator, the fringe scans together with the beam. The advantages of this method are that demodulation is unnecessary and only a single output (real or imaginary) from the complex correlator is necessary to generate a super-resolution image. A disadvantage is that a rapidly adjustable phase shifter is needed. The performance of these methods is theoretically analyzed and tested with simulated data. © 2007 IEEE.

Li, Y, Timms, G, Archer, J, Rosolen, G, Tello, J, Brothers, M, Hellicar, A & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Passive mm-wave imaging using two scanning fan-beam antennas', SPIE Proceedings, Defense and Security Symposium, SPIE.
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A prototype cross-correlating 190 GHz passive mm-wave imaging system has been developed. This system is based on the Mills Cross system used for radio astronomical imaging. It uses two pillbox antennas arranged in a T configuration. Each antenna generates a fan beam and the two fan beams are orthogonal to each other. By cross-correlating signals received from the two antennas, an output is obtained which is proportional to the millimeter-wave intensity radiated from the target at the intersection of the two fan beams. Beam scanning is generated by rotating a small sub-reflector inside each antenna. As a result, these relatively heavy antennas are stable during scanning and a high frame rate can be achieved. Another advantage of this approach is that only two receivers are required. The baseline (the displacement between phase centers of the two antennas) of this system is not zero, because the phase centers of the two antennas are not located at the same position. The baseline generates a fringe in the imaging system and its influence on the performance of the system is analyzed in this paper. The scanning speed of this system is also much faster than that of the Mills Cross imaging system and its influence on the resolution is also analyzed. It is found that the effect of the scanning speed is minimized when the beam scans along the equal-phase line of the fringe. This system can also be used as an active imaging system and this is discussed in another paper.

Li, Y, Wang, J & Qian, L 1970, 'A new methodology of modeling a novel large-scale magnetorheological impact damper', Nonlinear Science and Complexity, Conference on Nonlinear Science and Complexity, WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 382-387.
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Li, Y, Wang, J & Qian, L 1970, 'Nonlinear characteristics of magnetorheological damper under base excitation', Nonlinear Science and Complexity, Conference on Nonlinear Science and Complexity, WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 388-393.
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Lindsay, E, Liu, D, Murray, SJ & Lowe, DB 1970, 'Remote Laboratories in Engineering Education: Trends in Students' Perceptions', Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Australasian Association of Engineering Education, Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Australasian Association for Engineering Education, University of Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-6.

Ling, SH, Yeung, CW, Chan, KY, Iu, HHC, Leung, FHF & IEEE 1970, 'A new hybrid particle swarm optimization with wavelet theory based mutation operation', 2007 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-10, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 1977-1984.
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Lister, R, Berglund, A, Box, I, Cope, C, Pears, A, Avram, C, Bower, M, Carbone, A, Davey, B, de Raadt, M, Doyle, B, Fitzgerald, S, Mannila, L, Kutay, C, Peltomäki, M, Sheard, J, Simon, Sutton, K, Traynor, D, Tutty, J & Venables, A 1970, 'Differing ways that computing academics understand teaching', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Conference on Computer Science Education, Australian Computer Society, Ballarat, Australia, pp. 97-106.
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This paper presents first results from a wide-ranging phenomenographic study of computing academics' understanding of teaching. These first results focus upon four areas: the role of lab practical sessions, the experience of teaching success, conceptions of motivating and engaging students, and the granularity of the teacher's focus. The findings are comparable with prior work on the understandings of academics in other disciplines. This study was started as part of a workshop on phenomenography. Most participants at the workshop received their first training in phenomenography. This paper summarises the structure of the workshop. © 2007, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Lister, RF 1970, 'The Neglected Middle Novice Programmer: Reading and Writing without Abstracting', 20th Annual Conference of the National Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications, National Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications, National Advisory Committee on Computing Qualifications, Nelson, New Zealand, pp. 133-140.
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Many teachers of novice programmers have lamented that students either seem to have a natural gift for programming, or have no gift for it at all. In this paper, we discuss a third group of students, the middle novice programmer. At the completion of their first semester of programming, these students can manifest a strong concrete grasp of the semantics of basic programming language constructs, by hand executing code, but they cannot reason about code at a higher goal/plan level. The research evidence presented in this paper for the existence of these middle novice programmers is from the analysis of twelve multiple choice questions, which students attempted as part of an end-of-first-semester exam.

Litchfield, A, Dyson, LE, Lawrence, E & Zmijewska, A 1970, 'Directions for m-learning research to enhance active learning', ASCILITE 2007 - The Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, Centre for Educational Development, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, pp. 587-596.
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This paper aims to inform readers of suggested directions for researching how mobile technology can enhance active student learning. These directions are informed by an online survey of our students in early 2007 and a contemporary literature search. We present the findings of our search of global best-practice in m-learning, gaps in the current literature are identified and five directions are suggested for 2007 m-learning research and development. We start discussing how to investigate these suggested directions. Our five suggested action research directions are all significant issues in m-learning and all need to be better investigated. If we are interested in enhancing student learning, a priority is to design mlearning and teaching strategies that involve active experiential learning. These strategies need to effectively support our learners' development of attitudes, understandings and skills in identified graduate attributes, curriculum objectives and stated learning outcomes. The development of wide support for an online body of knowledge of m-learning and teaching principles, strategies and effective, practical case-studies across all disciplines - an m-portal - is needed and can support and inform emerging national and international approaches to using mobile technologies to enhance learning. Guided by our findings and suggested research suggestions the authors hope to discuss, extend and develop collaborative partnerships for future action research, development and sponsorship at our ascilite 2007 conference workshop. © 2007 Andrew Litchfield, Laurel Evelyn Dyson, Elaine Lawrence and Agnieszka Zmijewska.

Liu, B, Hao, Z-F, Lu, J & Liu, S-Q 1970, 'Apply Support Vector Machine for CRM Problem', 2007 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2007 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, IEEE, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 3288-+.
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Liu, B, Lu, J, Zhang, G, Hao, Z & Gao, Y 1970, 'A support vector machine model for the situation awareness system', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RISK ANALYSIS AND CRISIS RESPONSE, International Conference on Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, ATLANTIS PRESS, Shanghai Maritime Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 244-248.

Lopez-Mariscal, C, Gutiérrez-Vega, JC, McGloin, D & Dholakia, K 1970, 'Laserless Optical Trapping', Frontiers in Optics 2007/Laser Science XXIII/Organic Materials and Devices for Displays and Energy Conversion, Frontiers in Optics, OSA.
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Lowe, D & Huang, X 1970, 'Adaptive Time-Frequency Codes for Ultra-Wideband', 2007 Third International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC'07), 2007 Third International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC'07), IEEE, pp. 38-44.
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This paper investigates inter-piconet interference (IPI) in the multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) ultra-wideband (UWB) standard. IPI is caused when the time-frequency codes (TFCs) that delineate MB-OFDM piconets collide. An upper-bound on the severity of the IPI problem is obtained through a theoretical analysis of data-rate-specific punctured convolutional codes. Using these results, several methods for adaptive TFCs are proposed and analyzed. Comprehensive simulation results show how packet error rates (PERs) for simultaneous operating piconets (SOPs) can be improved by up to 2 dB by enabling adaptive TFCs at the transmitter. Several combinations of data rate, TFC, channel model and interferer power are studied. © 2007 IEEE.

Lowe, D & Huang, X 1970, 'Complementary Channel Estimation and Synchronization for OFDM', The 2nd International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications (AusWireless 2007), The 2nd International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications (AusWireless 2007), IEEE, pp. 23-28.
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In this paper, we present a new type of packet preamble for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems that is based on a complementary sequence pair. It is shown how this approach permits a receiver to dynamically choose between frequency-domain equalization (FDE) and time-domain equalization (TDE). With FDE offering a low-complexity zero-forcing (ZF) equalization and TDE facilitating easy minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimation, it is concluded that a spectrally-flattened complementary sequence pair offers an outstanding combination of flexibility and performance. © 2007 IEEE.

Lowe, D & Huang, X 1970, 'Hybrid Automatic Repeat Requests for MB-OFDM Ultra-Wideband', 2007 Third International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC'07), 2007 Third International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC'07), IEEE.
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This paper analyzes the design and performance of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) extensions to the multi- n band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) ultra-wideband (UWB) standard. It is shown how both Type-I and Type-III HARQ can significantly reduce the packet error rate (PER) in realistic frequency-selective channels. An exhaustive search is used to find an optimal low-complexity Type-III HARQ scheme by deriving the distance spectra and bit error upper-bound for all sets of complementary puncturing matrices. The consequences of selecting sub-optimal puncturing matrices are also quantified. © 2007 IEEE.

Lowe, D & Huang, X 1970, 'Optimal Adaptive Hyperbolic Companding for OFDM', The 2nd International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications (AusWireless 2007), The 2nd International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications (AusWireless 2007), IEEE.
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In this paper, we derive and analyze a companding algorithm based on the hyperbolic tangent and inverse hyperbolic tangent functions for use in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transceivers. Probability density functions (PDFs) that approximate the transmitted and received OFDM signals in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) are derived and used to analyze the degree of companding relative to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and clipping level. A set of optimal companding linearity coefficients for the multiband OFDM (MB-OFDM) ultra-wideband (UWB) standard are presented. © 2007 IEEE.

Lu, DD-C 1970, 'Synthesis of Single Phase DC/AC Inverters', 2007 2nd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2007 2nd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, IEEE, Harbin, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1922-1926.
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Lu, DD-C & Molavi, B 1970, 'Hysteresis Control of Single-Stage Power-Factor-Corrected Converters', 2007 2nd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2007 2nd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, IEEE, Harbin, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 943-+.
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Lu, DDC, Chu, RH, Sathiakumar, S & Agelidis, VG 1970, 'A buck converter with simple maximum power point tracking for power electronics education on solar energy systems', 2007 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2007 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE.
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This paper introduces a solar photovoltaic (PV) system suitable for undergraduate engineering education and training. The system consists of a buck converter using a simple maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method. Constant voltage control method is used for the approximate tracking and is implemented by analogue circuits. The circuit simplicity helps students to appreciate the benefit of MPPT in a short period of time without the need to work on complicated circuits and software coding. The proposed converter has been successfully implemented and served as a mini-project in a unit of study in power engineering studies.

Lu, H, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Lin, Z 1970, 'A miniature short stroke tubular linear actuator and its control', 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 1879-+.

Luo, D, Cao, L, Ni, J & Liu, L 1970, 'Building Agent Service Oriented Multi-Agent Systems', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International KES Symposium on Agents and Multiagent systems - Technologies and Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Wroclaw, Poland, pp. 11-20.
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An effective agent-based design approach is significant in engineering agent-based systems. Existing design approaches meet with challenges in designing Internet-based open agent systems. The emergence of service-oriented computing (SOC) brings in intrinsic mechanisms for complementing agent-based computing (ABS). In this paper, we investigate the dialogue between agent and service, and between ABS and SOC. As a consequence, we synthesize them and develop a design approach called agent service-oriented design (ASOD). The ASOD consists of agent service-based architectural design and detailed design. ASOD expands the content and range of agent and ABS, and synthesizes the qualities of SOC such as interoperability and openness, and the performances of ABC like flexibility and autonomy. The above techniques have been deployed in developing an online trading and mining support infrastructure F-Trade. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

Ma, J, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'A Rule-Map based Technique for Information Inconsistency Verification', 2007 Information, Decision and Control, 2007 Information, Decision and Control, IEEE, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 296-301.
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This paper focuses on the problem of verifying information inconsistencies in acquired information. A rule-map based technique for data inconsistency is presented, where rule-map is used to describe hierarchical structure of rules and estimate judgment standard for consistency dynamically. Moreover, a state-based knowledge representation technique for logical inconsistency is investigated, in which knowledge is illustrated as states set of related objects and logical inconsistency is determined by the relationships between those state-sets. To illustrate the presented techniques, two examples are given. © 2007 IEEE.

Ma, J, Lu, J, Zhang, G & IEEE 1970, 'A rule-map based technique for information inconsistency verification', 2007 Information Decision and Control, Conference on Information Decision and Control, IEEE, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA, pp. 253-258.

Ma, J, Lu, J, Zhang, G & IEEE 1970, 'A two-level information filtering model in generating warning information', 2007 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Multi-Criteria Decision Making, IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making, IEEE, Hawaii, USA, pp. 354-359.
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Information filtering is an important component in warning systems. This paper proposes a two-level information filtering model for generating warning information. In this model, information is represented by n-tuple, whose elements are values of information features. The features of information are divided into critical and uncritical features. Within this model, the collected information is filtered in two stages by users at different levels. At the first stage, exceptions are separated from normal information. And at the second stage, critical exceptions are separated from uncritical information. To illustration the proposed model, an example is discussed. ©2007 IEEE.

Macaš, M, Gabrys, B, Ruta, D & Lhotská, L 1970, 'Particle Swarm Optimisation of Multiple Classifier Systems', COMPUTATIONAL AND AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE, 9th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, San Sebastian, SPAIN, pp. 333-340.
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Madden, C & Piccardi, M 1970, 'A framework for track matching across disjoint cameras using robust shape and appearance features', 2007 IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2007 IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, IEEE, London, UK, pp. 188-193.
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This paper presents a framework based on robust shape and appearance features for matching the various tracks generated by a single individual moving within a surveillance system. Each track is first automatically analysed in order to detect and remove the frames affected by large segmentation errors and drastic changes in illumination. The object's features computed over the remaining frames prove more robust and capable of supporting correct matching of tracks even in the case of significantly disjointed camera views. The shape and appearance features used include a height estimate as well as illumination-tolerant colour representation of the individual's global colours and the colours of the upper and lower portions of clothing. The results of a test from a real surveillance system show that the combination of these four features can provide a probability of matching as high as 91 percent with 5 percent probability of false alarms under views which have significantly differing illumination levels and suffer from significant segmentation errors in as many as 1 in 4 frames. © 2007 IEEE.

Madden, C & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Detecting Major Segmentation Errors for a Tracked Person Using Colour Feature Analysis', 14th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (ICIAP 2007), 14th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (ICIAP 2007), IEEE, Modena, ITALY, pp. 524-+.
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Madden, C, Piccardi, M & Zuffi, S 1970, 'Comparison of Techniques for Mitigating the Effects of Illumination Variations on the Appearance of Human Targets', Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol.4842,Advances in Visual Computing, International Symposium on Visual Computing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Lake Tahoe, USA, pp. 116-127.
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Several techniques have been proposed to date to build colour invariants between camera views with varying illumination conditions. In this paper, we propose to improve colour invariance by using data-dependent techniques. To this aim, we compare the effectiveness of histogram stretching, illumination filtration, full histogram equalisation and controlled histogram equalisation in a video surveillance domain. All such techniques have limited computational requirements and are therefore suitable for real time implementation. Controlled histogram equalisation is a modified histogram equalisation operating under the influence of a control parameter [1]. Our empirical comparison looks at the ability of these techniques to make the global colour appearance of single human targets more matchable under illumination changes, whilst still discriminating between different people. Tests are conducted on the appearance of individuals from two camera views with greatly differing illumination conditions and invariance is evaluated through a similarity measure based upon colour histograms. In general, our results indicate that these techniques improve colour invariance; amongst them, full and controlled equalisation consistently showed the best performance.

Madden, CS & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Detecting Major Segmentation Errors for a Tracked Person Using Colour Feature Analysis', Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing 2007, International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, IEEE Computer Society, Modena, Italy, pp. 524-529.
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This paper presents a method to identify frames with significant segmentation errors in an individuals track by analysing the changes in appearance and size features along the frame sequence. The features used and compared include global colour histograms, local histograms and the bounding box size. Experiments were carried out on 26 tracks from 4 different people across two cameras with differing illumination conditions. By fusing two local colour features with a global colour feature, probabilities of segmentation error detection as high as 83 percent of human expert-identified major segmentation errors are achieved with false alarm rates of only 3 percent. This indicates that the analysis of such features along a track can be useful in the automatic detection of significant segmentation errors. This can improve the final results of many applications that wish to use robust segmentation results from a tracked person.

Madhisetty, S 1970, 'Utility Computing and Its Applications', Managing Worldwide Operations & Communications with Information Technology, 2007 Information Resources Management Association, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 1037-1038.

Mansor, S, Pradhan, B, Daud, M, Jamaludin, N & Khuzaimah, Z 1970, 'Landslide susceptibility analysis using an artificial neural network model', SPIE Proceedings, Remote Sensing, SPIE, Florence, ITALY.
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Mansor, S, Pradhan, B, Daud, M, Jamaludin, N & Khuzaimah, Z 1970, 'Landslide susceptibility analysis using an artificial neural network model [6749-18]', PROCEEDINGS-SPIE THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING, International Society for Optical Engineering; 1999, p. 6749.

Marjanovic, O 1970, 'The Next Stage of Operational Business Intelligence: Creating New Challenges for Business Process Management.', HICSS, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 215-215.
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Current practices in the area of Business Intelligence (BI) and Business Performance Management (BPerM) confirm the need for better integration of BI and Business Processes (BPs). This is especially the case with operational BI that aims to unify strategic and tactical decision making, by integrating BI solutions with organisation's constantly evolving BPs. However, operational BI has a very limited view of BP and Business Process Management (BProM) systems. In essence, it focuses on a limited number of core, transactional BPs that are, by definition, highly structured and repetitive. This paper argues that in order to support customer-facing employees in service-oriented industries, it is necessary to consider knowledge intensive BPs and their possible integration with operational BI. This paper offers a critical analysis of case-handling BPs in the context of operational BI. It then identifies a number of research challenges related to a new type of case-handling BProM system. © 2007 IEEE.

Marjanovic, O, Skaf-Molli, H, Molli, P & Godart, C 1970, 'Collaborative practice-oriented business processes Creating a new case for business process management and CSCW synergy.', CollaborateCom, IEEE Computer Society / ICST, pp. 448-455.
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In very recent times, organisations have started to shift their focus from highly standardised operational business processes (BPs) to other types of processes that cannot be easily replicated due to the knowledge, skills and creativity of people involved. Consequently the field of Business Process Management (BPM) has gradually evolved to include four different, but equally important components: strategy, people, processes and technology. The renewed interest in process-related knowledge and collaboration has opened a new case for possible synergy of BPM and CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work) fields. The paper argues that the key to this synergy is in the field of Knowledge Management. The paper introduces the knowledge dimension of BPs and uses it to determine how collaborative processes, in particular practice-oriented creative BPs, differ from other types of organizational processes. The paper argues that in the case of these BPs, process support needs to co-evolve with process execution itself, and therefore could be also considered as an ever evolving, "organic" system, creating a new set of interesting research and practical challenges in the future.

Maxwell, C, O'Neill, T & Leaney, J 1970, 'Formal Architecture Transformation Using Heuristics', 14th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (ECBS'07), 14th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (ECBS'07), IEEE, Tucson, Arizona, pp. 15-24.
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Heuristics have long been a popular and effective mechanism for capturing the knowledge of experts. In recent times, however, the more common use of heuristics has been as a means for communicating ideas at an abstract level, with little consideration to their potential as a structured approach to design improvement. With this paper we present the issues surrounding, and a structured method for, formally capturing architectural change embodied within heuristics. We demonstrate how through the application of graph theory, category theory and predicate calculus we can capture change within a heuristic and then use it to achieve formal heuristic-based transformation of a real-world system. By capturing heuristics in the structured and formal manner discussed in this paper we present ourselves with the opportunity to create a practical and reliable heuristic-based architecture transformation system. This is done within the wider context of achieving a process for optimising the non-functional qualities of a system architecture through design transformation.

McGloin, D, Buchanan, J, Burnham, DR, Lorenz, RM, Edgar, JS, Jeffries, GDM, Zhao, Y & Chiu, DT 1970, 'Controlled fusion of femtoliter-volume aqueous droplets using holographic optical tweezers', 2007 European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the International Quantum Electronics Conference, 2007 European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the International Quantum Electronics Conference, IEEE.
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McGloin, D, Burnham, DR, Summers, MD, Rudd, DR, Shahvisi, A & Dewar, N 1970, 'Studies of droplet manipulation in optical traps', SPIE Proceedings, NanoScience + Engineering, SPIE, San Diego, CA.
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McGregor, C & Frize, M 1970, 'Women in Biomedical Engineering and Health Informatics', 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Lyon, FRANCE, pp. 238-238.
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McGregor, C & Stacey, M 1970, 'High frequency distributed data stream event correlation to improve neonatal clinical management', Proceedings of the 2007 inaugural international conference on Distributed event-based systems, DEBS07: Distributed Event-based Systems Conference, ACM, pp. 146-151.
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Approximately eighteen percent (18%) of babies born in New South Wales (NSW), Australia require special care or neonatal intensive care admission. Premature babies can be up to 17 weeks early and may only weigh 450gms; they can spend 3 or 4 months in intensive care and have dozens of specific diseases before discharge, many of these may have long term implications for the future health of the individual. In addition, fifteen percent of neonatal intensive care admissions are transferred after delivery from smaller regional or remote hospitals without intensive care facilities to larger Tertiary Referral or Children's Hospitals with Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). Similar conditions apply within Australia, New Zealand, Canada, USA and elsewhere where small non-tertiary units are spread throughout the country. This paper presents case study based applied research in progress supporting the development of a distributed event stream processing framework to enable high frequency distributed data stream event correlation to improve neonatal clinical management. This research extends the traditional notion of event-based approaches by extending the notion of an event to incorporate a composite event that exists over a period of time, as is required within the domain of health and medicine. This is achieved through a multi-agent event calculus based approach that supports temporal abstraction. A key contribution of this research is the ability to support automated medical condition onset detection. © 2007 ACM.

Mealy, E, Carrington, D, Strooper, P & Wyeth, P 1970, 'Improving Usability of Software Refactoring Tools', 2007 Australian Software Engineering Conference (ASWEC'07), 2007 18th Australian Software Engineering Conference, IEEE.
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Merigó, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 1970, 'The induced generalized OWA operator', New Dimensions in Fuzzy Logic and Related Technologies - Proceedings of the 5th EUSFLAT 2005 Conference, 5th Conference of the European-Society-for-Fuzzy-Logic-and-Technology, UNIV OSTRAVA, Ostrava, CZECH REPUBLIC, pp. 463-470.
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We study different types of aggregation operators. We focus on the generalized OWA (GOWA) operator developed by Yager which represents a generalization to a wide range of aggregation operators. We distinguish between aggregations with a descending or with an ascending order. We introduce the induced generalized OWA (IGOWA) operator which represents an extension to the GOWA operator. It generalizes a wider range of aggregation operators as the GOWA operator is a particular case of this type of generalization. We study its main properties and some particular cases obtained with it. Finally, we develop a further generalization to the IGOWA operator by using quasi-arithmetic means.

MERZ, S, OBERST, S, DYLEJKO, PG, KESSISSOGLOU, NJ, TSO, YK & MARBURG, S 1970, 'DEVELOPMENT OF COUPLED FE/BE MODELS TO INVESTIGATE THE STRUCTURAL AND ACOUSTIC RESPONSES OF A SUBMERGED VESSEL', Journal of Computational Acoustics, 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Computational Acoustics, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt, Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 23-47.
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An analytical model and a fully coupled finite element/boundary element model are developed for a simplified physical model of a submarine. The submerged body is modeled as a ring-stiffened cylindrical shell with finite rigid end closures, separated by bulkheads into a number of compartments and under axial excitation from the propeller-shafting system. Lumped masses are located at each end to maintain a condition of neutral buoyancy. Excitation of the hull axial modes from the propeller-shafting system causes both axial motion of the end closures and radial motion of the shell, resulting in a high level of radiated noise. In the low frequency range, only the axial modes in breathing motion are examined, which gives rise to an axisymmetric case, since these modes are efficient radiators. An expression for the structurally radiated sound pressure contributed by axial movement of the end plates and radial motion of the shell was obtained using the Helmholtz integral equation. In the computational model, the effects of the various influencing factors (ring stiffeners, bulkheads, realistic end closures, and fluid loading) on the free vibrational characteristics of the thin walled cylinder are examined. For both the analytical and computational models, the frequency responses, axial and radial responses of the cylinder, and the radiated sound pressure are compared.

Milne, D 1970, 'Computing semantic relatedness using Wikipedia Link structure', Proceedings of NZCSRSC 2007, the 5th New Zealand Computer Science Research Student Conference.
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This paper describes a new technique for obtaining measures of semantic relatedness. Like other recent approaches, it uses Wikipedia to provide a vast amount of structured world knowledge about the terms of interest. Our system, the Wikipedia Link Vector Model or WLVM, is unique in that it does so using only the hyperlink structure of Wikipedia rather than its full textual content. To evaluate the algorithm we use a large, widely used test set of manually defined measures of semantic relatedness as our bench-mark. This allows direct comparison of our system with other similar techniques.

Milne, DN 1970, 'Exploiting web 2.0 forallknowledge-based information retrieval', Proceedings of the ACM first Ph.D. workshop in CIKM, CIKM07: Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM, pp. 69-76.
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This paper describes ongoing research into obtaining and using knowledge bases to assist information retrieval. These structures are prohibitively expensive to obtain manually, yet automatic approaches have been researched for decades with limited success. This research investigates a potential shortcut: a way to provide knowledge bases automatically, without expecting computers to replace expert human indexers. Instead we aim to replace the professionals with thousands or even millions of amateurs: with the growing community of contributors who form the core of Web 2.0. Specifically we focus on Wikipedia, which represents a rich tapestry of topics and semantics and a huge investment of human effort and judgment. We show how this can be directly exploited to provide manually-defined yet inexpensive knowledge-bases that are specifically tailored to expose the topics, terminology and semantics of individual document collections. We are also concerned with how best to make these structures available to users, and aim to produce a complete knowledge-based retrieval system-both the knowledge base and the tools to apply it-that can be evaluated by how well it assists real users in performing realistic and practical information retrieval tasks. To this end we have developed Koru, a new search engine that offers concrete evidence of the effectiveness of our Web 2.0 based techniques for assisting information retrieval. © 2007 ACM.

Milne, DN, Witten, IH & Nichols, DM 1970, 'A knowledge-based search engine powered by wikipedia', Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM conference on Conference on information and knowledge management, CIKM07: Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM, pp. 445-454.
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This paper describes Koru, a new search interface that offers effective domain-independent knowledge-based information retrieval. Koru exhibits an understanding of the topics of both queries and documents. This allows it to (a) expand queries automatically and (b) help guide the user as they evolve their queries interactively. Its understanding is mined from the vast investment of manual effort and judgment that is Wikipedia. We show how this open, constantly evolving encyclopedia can yield inexpensive knowledge structures that are specifically tailored to expose the topics, terminology and semantics of individual document collections. We conducted a detailed user study with 12 participants and 10 topics from the 2005 TREC HARD track, and found that Koru and its underlying knowledge base offers significant advantages over traditional keyword search. It was capable of lending assistance to almost every query issued to it; making their entry more efficient, improving the relevance of the documents they return, and narrowing the gap between expert and novice seekers. Copyright 2007 ACM.

Montillet, J-P, Yu, K & Oppermann, I 1970, 'Location Performance Enhancement with Recursive Processing of Time-of-Arrival Measurements', 2007 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2007 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, IEEE.
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This work deals with the development of pre-filtering techniques for low-cost devices using high data rate communications. Many positioning algorithms have been recently revisited in a centralized architecture scenario, where a cheap Mobile Sensor is surrounded by N Base Stations. The overview of the system is composed of two blocks: a Smoothing Filters and a Positioning Block. In the Smoothing Filters block, different algorithms such as smoothing filter, Recursive Least Squares and Maximum-Likelihood are developed to process multiple Time-of-Arrival measurements before triangulating the position of the Mobile Sensor. The positioning algorithms are the Taylor Series, Direct Method and Spherical Interpolation. All in all, it is shown that the recursive processing of multiple measurements at the input of the positioning algorithm improves not only the accuracy of the triangulated position, but also the robustness of the positioning algorithms. We also explain why the very good results given by the Maximum-Likelihood should only be seen as a lower-bound of the system. © 2007 IEEE.

Montillet, J-P, Yu, K & Oppermarm, I 1970, 'Location performance enhancement with recursive processing of Time-of-Arrival measurements', 2007 IEEE 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL, INDOOR AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-9, 18th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communication, IEEE, Athens, GREECE, pp. 2005-+.

Mufti, F, Mahony, R & Kim, J 1970, 'Super-Resolution of Speed Signs in Video Sequences', 9th Biennial Conference of the Australian Pattern Recognition Society on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications (DICTA 2007), 9th Biennial Conference of the Australian Pattern Recognition Society on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications (DICTA 2007), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 278-285.
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Nanda, P & Fernandes, R 1970, 'Quality of Service in Telemedicine', First International Conference on the Digital Society (ICDS'07), First International Conference on the Digital Society (ICDS'07), IEEE, Guadaloupe, French Carribean, pp. 1-6.
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© 2007 IEEE. Telemedicine is one of the fastest growing fields with several innovations happening in managed health-care. With Internet and its infrastructures playing important role in the success of this field, it is not advisable to run some of the critical applications like high quality audio and video involved in telemedicine without proper Quality of Service (QoS) built on to the network. This paper focuses on two telemedicine setups that have been implemented on different backbone technologies. The first case discusses a virtual critical care unit that is setup for communication on an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) backbone and a possible model on how QoS for important traffic streams can be achieved in ATM. The second case discusses a minimal access operation that was remotely conducted on a patient with the help of telerobotics on a Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) setup and provides a possible solution for achieving quality of service through MPLS in that scenario.

NANDA, P & SIMMONDS, AJ 1970, 'EFFECT OF NETWORK POLICIES ON INTERNET TRAFFIC ENGINEERING', Innovative Applications of Information Technology for the Developing World, Proceedings of the 3rd Asian Applied Computing Conference, PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., Kathmandu, Nepal, pp. 300-307.
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Nataatmadja, I, Sixsmith, AJ & Dyson, LE 1970, 'Improving Class Participation by Asian Students', Managing Worldwide Operations and Communications with Information Technology, International Conference on Information Resources Management, IGI Publishing, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, pp. 74-77.

Nazem, M, Sheng, D & Abbo, AJ 1970, 'Alternative stress integration schemes in large deformation problems of geomechanics', NUMERICAL MODELS IN GEOMECHANICS: NUMOG X, 10th International Symposium on Numerical Models in Geomechanics (NUMOG X), TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, Rhodes, GREECE, pp. 219-224.

Nazem, M, Sheng, D & Abbo, AJ 1970, 'Alternative stress integration schemes in large deformation problems of geomechanics', Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Numerical Models in Geomechanics NUMOG 10 - Numerical Models in Geomechanics NUMOG 10, pp. 219-224.
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In nonlinear finite element analysis, loads are usually applied in increments and the corresponding incremental displacements are obtained by solving the global equilibrium equations. The incremental strains can be computed from the incremental displacements. These strain increments are then used to determine the stresses at integration points by integrating the nonlinear constitutive equations. In a large deformation analysis, the stress-strain relationships must be objective. The objectivity requires that the constitutive equations be frame-independent such that any rigid body motion does not induce strain within the material. This principle is generally satisfied by introducing an objective stress-rate, such as Jaumann or Truesdell stress rates, into the stress-strain relationships. This study investigates alternative schemes for integrating stress-strain relationships in the large deformation analysis of geotechnical problems. It is shown that the effect of rigid body motion is equivalent to a stress transformation and this transformation can be introduced before, after or during integration of the stress-strain constitutive equations. However there is no theoretical advantage for selecting one of these strategies over the others, except the objectivity consideration. In this paper, three methods for the integration of stress-strain relationships in large deformation analysis are presented. The performance of proposed algorithms are studied and compared by means of numerical examples. The results of this study can be used in development of fast and robust algorithms for stress-integration of constitutive equations in nonlinear finite element analysis. © 2007 Taylor & Francis Group.

Netherton, MD & Stewart, MG 1970, 'Safety hazard and damage risks for monolithic window glazing subject to explosive blast loading', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SHOCK & IMPACT LOADS ON STRUCTURES, 7th International Conference on Shock and Impact Loans on Structures, CI-PREMIER PTE LTD, PEOPLES R CHINA, Beijing, pp. 415-422.

Ngo, DT, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, HH 1970, 'Jointly Optimal Signature Sequences and Power Allocation for CDMA', 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - ICASSP '07, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE.
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The problems of designing signature sequences and power allocation policy for code-division multiple access (CDMA) are important and have been the subject of intensive research in recent years. Two different criteria adopted in such design problems are the user capacity and the information-theoretic capacity. Regarding the maximization of the information-theoretic capacity, most of the previous works only consider the optimizations of signature sequences and power allocation separately. In contrast, this paper presents a jointly optimal design of signature sequences and power allocation under the sum power constraint. The proposed design is of closed-form and applicable for the general case of correlated signals and colored noise. Numerical results verify the superiority of the proposed design over the existing ones. © 2007 IEEE.

Ngo, H, Guo, W, Vigneswaran, S & Xing, W 1970, 'Potential of submerged membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment and reuse', Proceedings of International Conference on Cleaner Technologies and Environmental Management, International Conference on Cleaner Technologies and Environmental Management, Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., India, pp. 800-805.
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The use of membrane bioreaetor (MBR) has been an increasing issue in replacing the conventional water and wastewater treatment processes to produce high quality treated water. In MBR systems design,the submergedmembranebioreactor (SMBR)can assist in significantlyreducingpower consumptionas the entire treatment activity (such as adsorption/biodegradation,liquid-solid separation, andsludgeaccumulationandwithdrawal)canbe carriedout in a singleunit. In this study, the performance of conventional 5MBR and non-eonventional submerged membrane adsorption bioreactor (SMABR) was evaluated in terms of organic and bacterial removal efficiencies,biomassgrowthvia specificoxygen uptake rate (SOUR) and mixed liquor suspendedsolids (MLSS), and membrane fouling through the development of transmembrane pressure (TMP) and sustainableflux.Theresults indicatethat both ofSMBRand5MBARproducedvery high effiuentquality. However,SMABRappeared to have a better performance as it achieved nearly 100%ofTOC andCOD removalswhile having lowerTMPdevelopment and higher SOUR,The MLSSkept constant (around 10 gIL) after 10 days operation in 5MBAR compared to about 4 gILofMLSS in 5MBR case. In order 10 enhancethe sustainableflux, an idea ofadding a predeterminedamountof spongeinto 5MBRreactor was proposedand tested, The results show that 10% of volume fraction of sponge addition could increase 2 folds of sustainablefluxofSMBRsystemat an air flow rate of9 L/min.

Ngoc, HP, Matsui, Y, Attaviriyanupap, P & Iso, O 1970, 'Sail Generator Feasibility Study', 2007 7th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2007 7th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, IEEE, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 903-909.
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In this paper, the authors propose a new small size vertical axis wind power generation system for operating in standalone mode at low speed under weak wind conditions. The proposed system consists of a sail turbine and an outer zipper rotor generator. The sail turbine is designed so that it can catch energy from weak wind and also can protect itself from damage under strong wind. The generator is designed for standalone operation without brush and gear. The feasibility study of the proposed generation system is conducted using Fourier expansion. Analytical results show that the target output can be achieved.

Nguyen, HT, Ghevondian, N, Nguyen, ST & Jones, TW 1970, 'Detection of hypoglycemic episodes in children with type 1 diabetes using an optimal Bayesian neural network algorithm', Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings, pp. 3140-3143.
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Hypoglycemia or low blood glucose is a common and serious side effect of insulin therapy in patients with diabetes. HypoMon is a non-invasive monitor that measures some physiological parameters continuously to provide detection of hypoglycemic episodes in Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (TlDM). Based on heart rate, corrected QT interval of the ECG signal and skin impedance, a Bayesian neural network detection algorithm has been developed to recognize the presence of hypoglycemic episodes. From a clinical study of 25 children with T1DM, associated with hypoglycemic episodes, their heart rates increased (1.152±0.157 vs. 1.035±0.108, P<0.0001), their corrected QT intervals increased (1.088±0.086 vs. 1.020±0.062, P<0.0001) and their skin impedances reduced significantly (0.67±0.195 vs. 0.837±0.203, P<0.0001). The overall data were organized into a training set (14 cases) and a test set 14 cases) randomly selected. Using an optimal Bayesian neural network with 11 hidden nodes, and an algorithm developed from the training set, a sensitivity of 0.8346 and specificity of 0.6388 were achieved for the test set. © 2007 IEEE.

Nguyen, HT, Ghevondian, N, Nguyen, ST & Jones, TW 1970, 'Detection of Hypoglycemic Episodes in Children with Type 1 Diabetes using an Optimal Bayesian Neural Network Algorithm', 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Lyon, France, pp. 3140-3143.
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Hypoglycemia or low blood glucose is a common and serious side effect of insulin therapy in patients with diabetes. HypoMon is a non-invasive monitor that measures some physiological parameters continuously to provide detection of hypoglycemic episodes in Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (T1DM). Based on heart rate, corrected QT interval of the ECG signal and skin impedance, a Bayesian neural network detection algorithm has been developed to recognize the presence of hypoglycemic episodes. From a clinical study of 25 children with T1DM, associated with hypoglycemic episodes, their heart rates increased (1.152+/-0.157 vs. 1.035+/-0.108, P < 0.0001), their corrected QT intervals increased (1.088+/-0.086 vs. 1.020+/-0.062, P < 0.0001) and their skin impedances reduced significantly (0.679+/-0.195 vs. 0.837+/-0.203, P < 0.0001). The overall data were organized into a training set (14 cases) and a test set 14 cases) randomly selected. Using an optimal Bayesian neural network with 11 hidden nodes, and an algorithm developed from the training set, a sensitivity of 0.8346 and specificity of 0.6388 were achieved for the test set.

Nguyen, M, Kwok, N, Ha, QP, Li, J & Samali, B 1970, 'Mitigation of Seismic Responses in Building Structures using Magneto-rheological Dampers', Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2007), International Symposium of Automation and Robotics in Construction, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Kochi, Kerala, India.

Nguyen, MT, Kwok, NM, Ha, QP, Li, J & Samali, B 1970, 'Semi-active direct control of civil structure seismic responses using magneto-rheological dampers', Automation and Robotics in Construction - Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, Lokavani Southern Printers, Kochi, India, pp. 157-162.
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As building structures frequently collapse and cause losses of lives and properties, due to excessive vibrations induced during earthquake periods, it is crucial to reduce the structural vibrations. This paper develops a Lyapunov-based controller for Magnetorheological (MR) dampers embedded in building structures to mitigate quake-induced vibrations. In this work, MR dampers are used as semi-active devices, taking the advantages of the fail-safe operation and low power requirement. To enhance the system performance, a Lyapunov-based controller is proposed here for direct control of the supply currents of the MR dampers placed in a multi-storey building. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is verified in simulation by using a ten-storey building model subject to quake-like excitations.

Nguyen, NT, Nguyen, HT & Su, S 1970, 'Advanced robust tracking control of a powered wheelchair system', Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings, pp. 4767-4770.
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In this paper, the dynamic multivariable model of the wheelchair system is obtained including the presence of transportation lags. The triangular diagonal dominance (TDD) decoupling technique is applied to reduce this multivariable control problem into two independent scalar control problems. An advanced robust control technique for the wheelchair has been developed based on the combination of a TDD decoupling strategy and neural network controller design. The results obtained from the real-time implementation confirm that robust performance for this multivariable wheelchair control system can indeed be achieved. © 2007 IEEE.

Nguyen, NT, Nguyen, HT & Su, S 1970, 'Advanced robust tracking control of a powered wheelchair system', 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Lyon, France, pp. 4767-4770.
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In this paper, the dynamic multivariable model of the wheelchair system is obtained including the presence of transportation lags. The triangular diagonal dominance (TDD) decoupling technique is applied to reduce this multivariable control problem into two independent scalar control problems. An advanced robust control technique for the wheelchair has been developed based on the combination of a TDD decoupling strategy and neural network controller design. The results obtained from the real-time implementation confirm that robust performance for this multivariable wheelchair control system can indeed be achieved.

Nguyen, TH, Nguyen, JS, Pham, DM & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Real-Time Obstacle Detection for an Autonomous Wheelchair Using Stereoscopic Cameras', 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Lyon, France, pp. 4775-4778.
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This paper is concerned with the development of a real-time obstacle avoidance system for an autonomous wheelchair using stereoscopic cameras by severely disabled people. Based on the left and right images captured from stereoscopic cameras mounted on the wheelchair, the optimal disparity is computed using the Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD) correlation method. From this disparity, a 3D depth map is constructed based on a geometric projection algorithm. A 2D map converted from this 3D map can then be employed to provide an effective obstacle avoidance strategy for this wheelchair. Experiment results obtained in a practical environment show the effectiveness of this real-time implementation. © 2007 IEEE.

Nguyen, TT, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, TQ 1970, 'Robust watermarking with improved modified spread spectrum', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1108-1112.
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This paper presents a robust approach for spread spectrum (SS) based watermarking process. Unlike the traditional SS or other improvements, this method can work properly in case of absence of watermark and achieve good performance. If the channel has no

Nguyen, V, Blumenstein, M, Muthukkumarasamy, V & Leedharn, G 1970, 'Off-line signature verification using enhanced modified direction features in conjunction with neural classifiers and support vector machines', ICDAR 2007: NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DOCUMENT ANALYSIS AND RECOGNITION, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS, 9th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, Curitiba, BRAZIL, pp. 734-738.

Ni, W, Guo, B & Yang, L 1970, 'Example based Super-Resolution Algorithm of Video in Contourlet Domain', Fourth International Conference on Image and Graphics (ICIG 2007), 2007 4th International Conference on Image and Graphics, IEEE, PEOPLES R CHINA, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, pp. 13-+.
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Niazi, M, Wilson, D & Zowghi, D 1970, 'Organisational readiness and software process improvement', Product-Focused Software Process Improvement, Proceedings, Product Focused Software Process Improvement, Springer-Verlag, Riga, Latvia, pp. 96-107.
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This paper reports on the implementation of the SPI readiness model in three large-scale case studies. We have found that organisations with higher CMMA leavelas are more ready for SPI initiaitves than organisations with higher CMMI levels are more ready for SPO initiatives that organisations with low CMMI levels.

Niu, L, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'Cognition-driven decision support system framework', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RISK ANALYSIS AND CRISIS RESPONSE, International Conference on Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, Atlantis Press, Shanghai, China, pp. 353-358.

Niu, L, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'Enriching executives' situation awareness and mental models - A conceptual ESS framework', ICEIS 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS, International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, INSTICC, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, pp. 510-515.

Niu, L, Lu, J, Chew, E & Zhang, G 1970, 'An Exploratory Cognitive Business Intelligence System', IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI'07), IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI'07), IEEE, pp. 812-815.
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An exploratory study of web-based cognitive business intelligence systems (CBIS) is presented in this paper. The underpinning concepts and theories are situation awareness, mental model, and naturalistic decision making (NDM). The CBIS is an extension of the traditional business intelligence system with cognitive orientation. It focuses on developing, enriching, and utilizing the executive's situation awareness, mental models, and other past experience during human-computer interaction, which drives the decision process to approach a naturalistic decision. © 2007 IEEE.

Niu, L, Lu, J, Chew, E, Zhang, G & Young, T 1970, 'An exploratory cognitive business intelligence system', PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE/WIC/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WEB INTELLIGENCE, IEEE/WIC/ACM international Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, Silicon Valley, CA, pp. 812-815.
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An exploratory study of web-based cognitive business intelligence systems (CBIS) is presented in this paper. The underpinning concepts and theories are situation awareness, mental model, and naturalistic decision making (NDM). The CBIS is an extension of the traditional business intelligence system with cognitive orientation. It focuses on developing, enriching, and utilizing the executive's situation awareness, mental models, and other past experience during human-computer interaction, which drives the decision process to approach a naturalistic decision.

Northcott, B, Miliszewska, I & Dakich, E 1970, 'ICT for (I)nspiring (C)reative (T)hinking', ASCILITE 2007 - The Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, pp. 761-768.
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The capacity for creative thinking in the workplace is a generic skill that employers value highly in their employees. Although creativity is regarded as an important employability skill, it is a quality in which tertiary graduates are often lacking. Thus, the development of creative thought should be promoted as an integral part of tertiary education; Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can assist in accomplishing this task. Research suggests that ICT has the potential to encourage and support creative thinking throughout the learning process. This paper investigates the links between the theories of encouraging creative thinking in an educational context, and the practice of incorporating ICT in the implementation of learning strategies. The paper reviews the constraints and challenges associated with the deployment of ICT as a tool for encouraging creative thinking, and concludes with suggestions for effective implementation. © 2007 Ben Northcott, Iwona Miliszewska and Eva Dakich.

Octavia, JR, Van Den Hoven, E & De Mondt, H 1970, 'Overcoming the distance between friends', People and Computers XXI HCI.But Not as We Know It - Proceedings of HCI 2007: The 21st British HCI Group Annual Conference, BCS-HCI'07, British Computer Society, Lancaster, UK, pp. 79-82.
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Staying in touch is a fundamental aspect in maintaining a long-distance relationship, whether it is in a family context or a friendship. An effective communication appliance can enable families or friends living apart to have a feeling of connectedness and help them to maintain their relationship despite the physical distance. This paper describes the results of an exploration study on people living far away from their families and friends, with a focus on how they stay in touch with their dose friends and overcome the distance. The targeted user group in this study is geographically and physically isolated people. A user study was conducted by means of a survey, focus group and interview. The results show that sharing problems and feelings between two remedy located friends is crucial. Consequently, the design goal was set to enable users to notify and physically comfort each other, in a subtle way, through a remote but shared experience, whenever a problem or feeling occurs. © 2007 Johanna Renny Octavia, Elise van den Hoven & Hans De Mondt.

Onishi, A, Thomas, P, Stuart, BH, Guerbois, JL & Forbes, SL 1970, 'TGMS analysis of the thermal decomposition of pig bone for forensic applications', Medicta 2007: The 8th Mediterranean Conference on Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis, 8th Mediterranean Conference on Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis, Palermo.

Otoom, AF, Gunes, H & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Towards Automatic Abandoned Object Classification in Visual Surveillance Systems', Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Workshop 2007 on Visual Information Processing, Asia-Pacific Workshop on Visual Information Processing, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, pp. 143-149.
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One of the core components of any visual surveillance system is object classification, where detected objects are classified into different categories of interest. Although in airports or train stations, abandoned objects are mainly luggage or trolleys, none of the existing works in the literature have attempted to classify or recognize trolleys. In this paper, we analyze and classify images of trolleys, bags, persons, and groups of people by using various shape features. We conducted a set of experiments with a number of uncluttered (images collected from the Internet with clear background) and cluttered images (images segmented out from the background in real videos) using various criteria. Our experimental results show that the features extracted enable 100% recognition accuracy for the trolley category. For our four-class object recognition problem, we achieved an overall recognition accuracy of 83.3% and an average false positive rate of 6%.

Otsuki, N, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Evaluation of Adaptive Modulation and Coding Applied on a 400 Mbps OFDM Wireless Communication System', SYSTEMS MODELING AND SIMULATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS, ASIA SIMULATION CONFERENCE 2006, Asian Simulation Conference, Springer Japan, Tokyo, JAPAN, pp. 430-434.
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Ou, Y, Cao, L, Yu, T & Zhang, C 1970, 'Detecting Turning Points of Trading Price and Return Volatility for Market Surveillance Agents', 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Workshops, 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Workshops, IEEE, Fremont, CA, pp. 491-+.
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Trading agent concept is very useful for trading strategy design and market mechanism design. In this paper, we introduce the use of trading agent for market surveillance. Market surveillance agents can be developed for market surveillance officers and management teams to present them alerts and indicators of abnormal market movements. In particular, we investigate the strategies for market surveillance agents to detect the impact of company announcements on market movements. This paper examines the performance of segmentation on the time series of trading price and return volatility, respectively. The purpose of segmentation is to detect the turning points of market movements caused by announcements, which are useful to identify the indicators of insider trading. The experimental results indicate that the segmentation on the time series of return volatility outperforms that on the time series of trading price. It is easier to detect the turning points of return volatility than the turning points of trading price. The results will be used to code market surveillance agents for them to monitor abnormal market movements before the disclosure of market sensitive announcements. In this way, the market surveillance agents can assist market surveillance officers with indicators and alerts.

Ou, Y, Cao, L, Yu, T & Zhang, C 1970, 'Detecting Turning Points of Trading Price and Return Volatility for Market Surveillance Agents', 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Workshops, 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Workshops, IEEE, pp. 491-494.
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Trading agent concept is very useful for trading strategy design and market mechanism design. In this paper, we introduce the use of trading agent for market surveillance. Market surveillance agents can be developed for market surveillance officers and management teams to present them alerts and indicators of abnormal market movements. In particular, we investigate the strategies for market surveillance agents to detect the impact of company announcements on market movements. This paper examines the performance of segmentation on the time series of trading price and return volatility, respectively. The purpose of segmentation is to detect the turning points of market movements caused by announcements, which are useful to identify the indicators of insider trading. The experimental results indicate that the segmentation on the time series of return volatility outperforms that on the time series of trading price. It is easier to detect the turning points of return volatility than the turning points of trading price. The results will be used to code market surveillance agents for them to monitor abnormal market movements before the disclosure of market sensitive announcements. In this way, the market surveillance agents can assist market surveillance officers with indicators and alerts. © 2007 IEEE.

Paisitkriangkrai, S, Shen, C & Zhang, J 1970, 'An Experimental Evaluation of Local Features for Pedestrian Classification', 9th Biennial Conference of the Australian Pattern Recognition Society on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications (DICTA 2007), 9th Biennial Conference of the Australian Pattern Recognition Society on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications (DICTA 2007), IEEE, Glenelg, SA, pp. 53-60.
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The ability to detect pedestrians is a first important step in many computer vision applications such as video surveillance. This paper presents an experimental study on pedestrian detection using state-of-the-art local feature extraction and support vec

Pal, U, Sharma, N, Wakabayashi, T & Kimura, F 1970, 'Handwritten Numeral Recognition of Six Popular Indian Scripts', Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007) Vol 2, Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007) Vol 2, IEEE, pp. 749-753.
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India is a multi-lingual multi-script country but there is not much work towards handwritten character recognition of Indian languages. In this paper we propose a modified quadratic classifier based scheme towards the recognition of off-line handwritten numerals of six popular Indian scripts. Here we consider Devnagari, Bangla, Telugu, Oriya, Kannada and Tamil scripts for our experiment. The features used in the classifier are obtained from the directional information of the numerals. For feature computation, the bounding box of a numeral is segmented into blocks and the directional features are computed in each of the blocks. These blocks are then down sampled by a Gaussian filter and the features obtained from the down sampled blocks are fed to a modified quadratic classifier for recognition. Here we have used two sets of feature. We have used 64 dimensional features for high-speed recognition and 400 dimensional features for high-accuracy recognition in our proposed system. A five-fold cross validation technique has been used for result computation and we obtained 99.56%, 98.99%, 99.37%, 98.40%, 98.71% and 98.51% accuracy from Devnagari, Bangla, Telugu, Oriya, Kannada, and Tamil scripts, respectively.

Pal, U, Sharma, N, Wakabayashi, T & Kimura, F 1970, 'Off-Line Handwritten Character Recognition of Devnagari Script', Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007), Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007), IEEE, pp. 496-500.
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In this paper we present a system towards the recognition of off-line handwritten characters of Devnagari, the most popular script in India. The features used for recognition purpose are mainly based on directional information obtained from the arc tangent of the gradient. To get the feature, at first, a 2 x 2 mean filtering is applied 4 times on the gray level image and a non-linear size normalization is done on the image. The normalized image is then segmented to 49 x 49 blocks and a Roberts filter is applied to obtain gradient image. Next, the arc tangent of the gradient (direction of gradient) is initially quantized into 32 directions and the strength of the gradient is accumulated with each of the quantized direction. Finally, the blocks and the directions are down sampled using Gaussian filter to get 392 dimensional feature vector. A modified quadratic classifier is applied on these features for recognition. We used 36172 handwritten data for testing our system and obtained 94.24% accuracy using 5-fold cross-validation scheme. © 2007 IEEE.

Palmer, CG, Gothe, J, Mitchell, CA, Riedy, C, Sweetapple, K, McLaughlin, SM, Hose, GC, Lowe, M, Goodall, H, Green, T, Sharma, D, Fane, SA, Brew, K & Jones, PR 1970, 'Finding integration pathways: developing a transdisciplinary (TD) approach for the Upper Nepean Catchment.', Proceedings of the 5th Australian Stream Management Conference. Australian rivers: making a difference, Australian Stream Management Conference, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia., pp. 306-311.

Parakhine, A, O'Neill, T & Leaney, J 1970, 'Application of Bayesian networks to architectural optimisation', ECBS 2007: 14TH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOPS ON THE ENGINEERING OF COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE, Tucson, Arizona, pp. 37-44.
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The field of optimisation covers a great multitude of principles, methods and frameworks aimed at maximisation of an objective under constraints. However, the classical optimisation can not be easily applied in the context of computer-based systems architecture as there is not enough knowledge concerning the dependencies between non-functional qualities of the system. Out approach is based on the simulation optimisation methodology where the system simulation is first created to assess the current state of the design with respect to the objectives. The results of the simulation are used to construct a Bayesian belief network which effectively becomes a base for an objective function and serves as the main source of the decision support pertaining to the guidance of the optimisation process. The potential effects of each proposed change or combination of changes is then examined by updating and re-evaluating the system simulation

Parnell, J & Dowdell, B 1970, 'Regulation of heavy vehicle engine brake noise in Australia', 14th International Congress on Sound and Vibration 2007, ICSV 2007, pp. 3871-3878.
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Engine brake noise is a long standing issue both in Australia and overseas with it being generally accepted that it is the character of this noise rather than its loudness that leads to most complaints. To date, the majority of the investigation and research into engine brake noise, and possible solutions, has been commissioned by Australian road agencies. There is now sufficient research in Australia, and agreement from all stakeholders, that action must be taken to provide a foundation for in-service regulations to control excessive engine brake noise. This paper describes the process being followed to achieve scientific acceptance of a method to identify excessively noisy engine brakes and its passage towards regulation in Australia. Steps in progressing this method have included developing a Modulated RMS algorithm that was capable of: • discriminating between annoying and less annoying engine brake noise; • discriminating between muffler effectiveness; • correlating well with the subjective response of panel members to engine brake noise; • being coded in software so that large amounts of roadside noise data can rapidly analysed.

Pattinson, HM & Sood, SC 1970, 'Marketers Inventing the Future: Scenario Planning for Marketing Action', Foresight 2007 Conference Papers, Foresight 2007, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK, pp. 1-14.

Paul, G, Liu, DK, Kirchner, N & Webb, S 1970, 'Safe and Efficient Autonomous Exploration Technique for 3D Mapping of a Complex Bridge Maintenance Environment', Automation and Robotics in Construction &#8213; Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, 24th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), Kochi, Kerala, India, pp. 99-104.
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This paper describes a technique for autonomously exploring a complex steel bridge environment using a 6DOF anthropomorphic robotic arm, instrumented with a laser range scanner. Potential knowledge ained from a 3D range scan at an end-effector position and orientation (pose) is estimated, then arm configurations which avoid obstacles and unknown areas are computed using an optimisation approach. Safe pose solutions are compared in terms of potential gain of new weighted-information and minimal joint movement. Both simulations and robotic platform results show exploration of unknown areas occurs in a consistent and timely manner - taking an average of 4.5secs to calculate the next safe valid robot arm poses. Complex environments, typical in bridge maintenance, can be explored using an anthropomorphic arm equipped with this technique.

Pedraza, L, Dissanayake, G, Valls Miro, J, Rodriguez-Losada, D & Matia, F 1970, 'BS-SLAM: Shaping the World', Robotics: Science and Systems III, Robotics: Science and Systems 2007, Robotics: Science and Systems Foundation, Atlanta, GA, USA, pp. 1-8.
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This paper presents BS-SLAM, a simultaneous localization and mapping algorithm for use in unstructured environments that is effective regardless of whether features correspond to simple geometric primitives such as points and lines or not. The coordinates of the control points defining a set of B-splines are used to form a complete and compact description of the environment, thus making it feasible to use an extended Kalman filter based SLAM algorithm. The proposed method is the first known EKF-SLAM implementation capable of describing both straight and curve features in a parametric way. Appropriate observation equation that allows the exploitation of virtually all observations from a range sensor such as the ubiquitous laser range finder is developed. Efficient strategies for computing the relevant Jacobians, perform data association, initialization and expanding the map are presented. The effectiveness of the algorithms is demonstrated using experimental data.

Peng, X & Niu, Z 1970, 'The Research of the Personalization', 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Workshops, 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Workshops, IEEE.
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Peng, X & Niu, Z 1970, 'The Research of the Personalization', 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Workshops, 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Workshops, IEEE, pp. 107-110.
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This paper presents a personalization recommendation model to recommend potentially interesting resources to users based on the preference characteristics of users. This model consists of two algorithms: a building algorithm of user model and a recommending algorithm of resource. The first algorithm aims to build the user model, according to searched keywords and behaviors of users. Founded on the model, ordered resources are recommend to users by the second algorithm. © 2007 IEEE.

Pérez, Ó, Piccardi, M, García, J & Molina, JM 1970, 'Comparison of Classifiers for Human Activity Recognition', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Work-Conference on the Interplay, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, La Manga del Mar Menor, Spain, pp. 192-201.
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The human activity recognition in video sequences is a field where many types of classifiers have been used as well as a wide range of input features that feed these classifiers. This work has a double goal. First of all, we extracted the most relevant features for the activity recognition by only utilizing motion features provided by a simple tracker based on the 2D centroid coordinates and the height and width of each person's blob. Second, we present a performance comparison among seven different classifiers (two Hidden Markov Models (HMM), a J.48 tree, two Bayesian classifiers, a classifier based on rules and a Neuro-Fuzzy system). The video sequences under study present four human activities (inactive, active, walking and running) that have been manual labeled previously. The results show that the classifiers reveal different performance according to the number of features employed and the set of classes to sort. Moreover, the basic motion features are not enough to have a complete description of the problem and obtain a good classification. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

Pérez, Ó, Piccardi, M, García, J, Patricio, MÁ & Molina, JM 1970, 'Comparison Between Genetic Algorithms and the Baum-Welch Algorithm in Learning HMMs for Human Activity Classification', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Evo Workshops, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Valencia, Spain, pp. 399-406.
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A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is used as an efficient and robust technique for human activities classification. The HMM evaluates a set of video recordings to classify each scene as a function of the future, actual and previous scenes. The probabilities of transition between states of the HMM and the observation model should be adjusted in order to obtain a correct classification. In this work, these matrixes are estimated using the well known Baum-Welch algorithm that is based on the definition of the real observations as a mixture of two Gaussians for each state. The application of the GA follows the same principle but the optimization is carried out considering the classification. In this case, GA optimizes the Gaussian parameters considering as a fitness function the results of the classification application. Results show the improvement of GA techniques for human activities recognition. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

Piccardi, M & Perez, O 1970, 'Hidden Markov Models with Kernel Density Estimation of Emission Probabilities and their Use in Activity Recognition', 2007 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2007 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, Minneapolis, pp. 1-8.
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In this paper, we present a modified hidden Markov model with emission probabilities modelled by kernel density estimation and its use for activity recognition in videos. In the proposed approach, kernel density estimation of the emission probabilities is operated simultaneously with that of all the other model parameters by an adapted Baum-Welch algorithm. This allows us to retain maximum-likelihood estimation while overcoming the known limitations of mixture of Gaussions in modelling certain probability distributions. Experiments on activity recognition have been performed on groundtruthed data from the CAVIAR video surveillance database and reported in the paper. The error on the training and validation sets with kernel density estimation remains around 14-16% while for the conventional Gaussian mixture approach varies between 15 and 24%, strongly depending on the initial values chosen for the parameters. Overall, kernel density estimation proves capable of providing more flexible modelling of the emission probabilities and, unlike Gaussian mixtures, does not suffer from being highly parametric and of difficult initialisation. © 2007 IEEE.

Piccardi, M & Perez, O 1970, 'Hidden Markov models with kernel density estimation of emission probabilities and their use in activity recognition', 2007 IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION, VOLS 1-8, IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, Minneapolis, MN, pp. 3774-+.

Pileggi, SF, Palau, CE & Esteve, M 1970, 'Analysis techniques and models for resource optimization in Wireless Sensor/Actuator Network environment', WIRELESS SENSOR AND ACTOR NETWORKS, 1st International Conference on Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSAN'07), Springer US, Albacete, SPAIN, pp. 23-34.
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Pingzhou Tu, Xiaojing Huang & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Diversity performance of interleaved spread spectrum OFDM signals over frequency selective multipath fading channels', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 184-189.
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In this paper we propose an interleaved spread spectrum orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ISS-OFDM) system for achieving both frequency diversity and time diversity and investigate the system performance over frequency selective fading channels. The purpose is to exploit the diversity capability of OFDM systems, develop efficienct spectrum spreading technique and improve the system performance against frequency selective channel fading. At the transmitter, the ISS-OFDM signal is generated by employing spread spectrum modulation and interleaving techniques. At the receiver, the received signals are combined by using maximum ratio combining (MRC) technique. The simulation indicates that the ISS-OFDM system has improved performance in multipath fading channels. Another unique characteristic is that the spectrum spreading factor and diversity order provided by the system are reconfigurable to achieve cognitive communications. © 2007 IEEE.

Pingzhou Tu, Xiaojing Huang & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Peak-to-average power ratio performance of interleaved spread spectrum OFDM signals', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 82-86.
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Pontt, J, Rodriguez, J, San Martin, J & Aguilera, R 1970, 'Mitigation of Sympathetic Interaction between Power Transformers Fed by Long over Head Lines Caused by Inrush Transient Currents', 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, IEEE.
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Pradabpet, C, Miyanaga, Y & Dejhan, K 1970, 'PAPR reduction in OFDM systems by hybrid algorithm based on the PTS and APPR methods', Proceedings of the 4th IASTED Asian Conference on Communication Systems and Networks, AsiaCSN 2007, pp. 19-23.
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In this report, we propose a new PAPR reduction technique by a hybrid algorithm based on a partial transmit sequence (PTS) and adaptive peak power reduction (APPR) method. This technique is used in a system based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). OFDM has many orthogonally modulated subcarriers which unexpectedly give a large peak to average power ratio (PAPR) and tends to reduce the power efficiency of a RF amplifier. The input data using the PTS method, a sequence of input data is rearranged for the reduction of PAPR and fed to APPR process. The APPR method controls the peak level of the modulation signal based on an adaptive algorithm which reduces modulation signals over a predefined range. A proposed reduction method consists of these two methods and realizes bolt advantages at the same time. As simulation results, the proposed method shows the improvement on PAPR and also the bit error rate performance of an OFDM system.

Pradabpet, C, Yoshizawa, S, Miyanaga, Y & Dejhan, K 1970, 'A new PAPR reduction in OFDM-WLAN systems by hybrid algorithm of PTS and APPR methods', 2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, 2007 Asia Pacific Conference on Communications, IEEE.
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Qumer, A 1970, 'Defining an Integrated Agile Governance for Large Agile Software Development Environments.', XP, Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming, Springer, Como, Italy, pp. 157-160.
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This paper highlights the important aspect of IT governance, with the objective of defining an unaddressed aspect of agile governance, by the application of an iterative, inductive, instantaneous analysis and emergent interpretation of appropriate data-grounded conceptual categories of IT governance. An effective agile governance approach will facilitate the achievement of desired discipline, rationale, business value, improved performance, monitoring, as well as control of large agile software development environments by aligning business goals and agile software development goals. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

Qumer, A & Henderson-Sellers, B 1970, 'An agile toolkit to support agent-oriented and service-oriented computing mechanisms', Product-Focused Software Process Improvement, Proceedings, Product Focused Software Process Improvement, Springer, Riga, Latvia, pp. 222-236.
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The complex nature of the software development paradigm and the rapid acceptance of emerging abstraction mechanisms, such as agent-oriented and service-oriented computing, highlight the increasing need for re-evaluation of existing software development approaches that focus on agile software development methodologies (primarily originating in object-oriented technology); since existing object-oriented, structure-oriented and component-oriented approaches embodied in an agile approach cannot be applied immediately to agent and service-oriented computing. Therefore, we present here, an agile toolkit (Java-based) to facilitate the construction of multi-abstraction or mabstraction situation-specific agile processes for software development projects. This paper only presents the newly emergent abstraction concepts of agent and service, and does not discuss the well-established object-oriented mechanism used in current agile approaches. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

Qumer, A & Henderson-Sellers, B 1970, 'ASOP: An Agile Service-Oriented Process', NEW TRENDS IN SOFTWARE METHODOLOGIES, TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES, International Conference on Software Methods and Tools, IOS Press, Rome, Italy, pp. 83-92.
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The increasing prevalence of service-oriented architecture (SOA) has introduced another layer of abstraction (service-oriented) on top of already well-known object-oriented and component-oriented layers of abstractions. However, it has been found that the current traditional phase-based approach towards the development of SOA-based applications, contrarily, lacks agility, which mitigates against the needed ability to quickly respond to changes in business processes. Therefore, here, we suggest an agile approach to implement a flexible SOA. This paper, based on our industrial experience and case studies, presents the agile service-oriented process (ASOP) that had been constructed by using the agile software solution framework (ASSF), agile toolkit (ATK), situational method engineering (SME) and agile adoption and improvement model (AAIM) for the development of one of our industry (case study) service-oriented e-health project.

Qumer, A & Henderson-Sellers, B 1970, 'ASOP: An Agile Service-Oriented Process', Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, pp. 83-92.
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The increasing prevalence of service-oriented architecture (SOA) has introduced another layer of abstraction (service-oriented) on top of already well-known object-oriented and component-oriented layers of abstractions. However, it has been found that the current traditional phase-based approach towards the development of SOA-based applications, contrarily, lacks agility, which mitigates against the needed ability to quickly respond to changes in business processes. Therefore, here, we suggest an agile approach to implement a flexible SOA. This paper, based on our industrial experience and case studies, presents the agile service-oriented process (ASOP) that had been constructed by using the agile software solution framework (ASSF), agile toolkit (ATK), situational method engineering (SME) and agile adoption and improvement model (AAIM) for the development of one of our industry (case study) service-oriented e-health project.

Qumer, A & Henderson-Sellers, B 1970, 'Construction of an agile software product-enhancement process by using an agile software solution framework (ASSF) and situational method engineering', COMPSAC 2007: THE THIRTY-FIRST ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOL I, PROCEEDINGS, International Computer Software and Applications Conference, IEEE Computer Society, Beijing, China, pp. 539-542.
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Introducing a change in any software development organization is challenging; as this paper demonstrates by means of a case study for the adoption of agile practices in a large software development organization. The case study research findings indicate that a situational method engineering approach together with an agile software solution framework (ASSF) can be used to create a feasible and usable hybrid software development method by combining agile practices and formal practices for a particular situation in large software development organizations. ©2007 IEEE.

Raad, IS & Xiaojing Huang 1970, 'A new approach to BSOFDM - parallel concatenated spreading matrices OFDM', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 77-81.
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This paper proposes a new approach to Block Spread OFDM called Parallel Concatenated Spreading Matrices OFDM (PCSM-OFDM). While BSOFDM improved the overall BER performance on OFDM in frequency selective channels, this new approach further improves the BER of BSOFDM by a 3dB gain. This is achieved through increasing the diversity of the transmitted samples by concatenating two spreading matrices in parallel to BSOFDM. © 2007 IEEE.

Raad, IS, Huang, X & Lowe, D 1970, 'A Study of Different Angles for the New Spread Matrix for BSOFDM in UWB Channels', 2007 Third International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC'07), 2007 Third International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC'07), IEEE, Guadeloupe, French Caribbean.
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This paper presents a study into different angles for the New spread matrix developed for BSOFDM. It varies the angles for the matrix to develop different constellation schemes which are useful in overcoming the frequency selective channels which are encountered in mobile communication systems. Previously it has been discussed that this new matrix (the rotation matrix) has some advantages over Hadamard and the rotated Hadamard matrix in certain channels. This paper presents a study of varies angles with this new matrix over the UWB channels CM1 to CM4.1 © 2007 IEEE.

Raad, IS, Huang, X & Lowe, D 1970, 'A study of different decoders for the new rotation spreading matrix for block spread OFDM in UWB channels', 2007 IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications and Malaysia International Conference on Communications, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications and Malaysia International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Penang, MALAYSIA, pp. 372-376.
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Raad, IS, Huang, X & Lowe, D 1970, 'Higher order rotation spreading matrix for block spread OFDM', 2007 IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications and Malaysia International Conference on Communications, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications and Malaysia International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Penang, MALAYSIA, pp. 377-381.
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Raad, IS, Huang, X & Raad, R 1970, 'A Study of Different Angles for Higher Order Rotation Spreading Matrix for BSOFDM in UWB Channels', The 2nd International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications (AusWireless 2007), The 2nd International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications (AusWireless 2007), IEEE, pp. 18-23.
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This paper presents a study into different angles for higher order Rotation spreading matrix developed for BSOFDM. It was shown previously that for block size M = 2 that the angle α = π/3 achieved the best result in terms of BER in UWB channels. It was discovered that this was no longer the case when the higher order Rotation spreading matrix was used for larger M sized blocks and that other angles produced better results which proves that the Rotation spreading matrix advantage over existing spreading matrices such as the Hadamard is its flexibility to be adapted to different communication systems. © 2007 IEEE.

Raad, IS, Huang, X & Raad, R 1970, 'New Higher Order Rotation Spreading Matrix for BSOFDM', The 2nd International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications (AusWireless 2007), The 2nd International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications (AusWireless 2007), IEEE, pp. 17-22.
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Previously a new matrix called the Rotation spreading matrix was proposed for Block Spread OFDM which had advantages over other well known spreading matrices such as the Hadamard in frequency selective channels such the UWB channels. Then a new paper discussed a method to expand this Rotation spreading matrix into higher order allowing the system BSOFDM to achieve higher order matrices which still showed excellent orthogonal properties which can be used in these frequency selective channels. This work is continued on the Rotation spreading matrix and this paper presents another method to expand the Rotation spreading matrix based on Complete Complementary Sets of Sequences which the authors have shown to have excellent properties in higher order matrices. This paper discusses the new method and presents a comparison between the two mentioned methods. © 2007 IEEE.

Rabbachin, A, Quek, TQS, Pinto, PC, Oppermann, I & Win, MZ 1970, 'UWB Energy Detection in the Presence of Multiple Narrowband Interferers', 2007 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband, IEEE, pp. 857-862.
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There has been an emerging interest in non-coherent ultrawideband (UWB) communications, particularly as a technology for low-data rate UWB applications, due to its low-complexity and low-power consumption. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of the energy detector (ED) receiver in terms of bit error probability (BEP). We consider an ED receiver based on a conventional square-law detector and binary pulse position modulation (BPPM). We analyze the BEP in a multipath fading channel, both in the absence and presence of narrowband interference (NBI). We consider two cases: 1) single NBI, where the interfering node is located at a fixed distance from the receiver, and 2) multiple NBI, where the interfering nodes are scattered according to a spatial Poisson process. Our framework is simple enough to allow a tractable analysis and provide insights that can be of value in the design of practical UWB systems subject to interference. © 2007 IEEE.

Ren, Z, Fang, X, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG, Guo, Y, Yang, X, Ha, JH, Wang, Z, Sun, Y & Zhang, J 1970, 'Design optimization of an interior-type permanent magnet BLDC motor using PSO and improved MEC', 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 621-+.

Ren, Z, Fang, X, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG, Guo, Y, Yang, X, Ha, JH, Wang, Z, Sun, Y & Zhang, J 1970, 'Design optimization of an interior-type permanent magnet BLDC motor using PSO and improved MEC', Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS 2007, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, Korea, pp. 1350-1353.
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In this paper, an improved magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) is applied to calculate the nonlinear magnetic field in an interior-type permanent-magnet (IPM) brushless DC (BLDC) motor. Compared with the finite element method, the MEC method is much more time efficient, whereas compared with the conventional MEC method, the improved MEC is more accurate since it takes the complicate topological structure of the motor into account. A rough design of the IPM BLDC motor was firstly conducted by the improved MEC method. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is then employed to refine the design for optimal structural parameters that result in the lowest cost and highest performance.

Rengasamy, M, Dutkiewicz, E & Hedley, M 1970, 'MAC design and analysis for wireless sensor networks with co-operative localisation', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, pp. 942-947.
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Co-operative localisation in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a method in which wireless sensor nodes interact with each other as peers to determine their physical position. In such networks it is crucial for communication between nodes to be contention free to meet the strict timing requirements. Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols provide the strongest influence over contention control in WSNs. The focus of this work is the design and analysis of a WSN MAC protocol suitable for supporting co-operative localisation. This paper presents a design overview of the MAC protocol and details its control structure. Preliminary simulation results are also presented to evaluate network formation aspects of the protocol. © 2007 IEEE.

Ridoux, J & Veitch, D 1970, 'A Methodology for Clock Benchmarking', 2007 3rd International Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructure for the Development of Networks and Communities, 2007 3rd International Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructure for the Development of Networks and Communities, IEEE, IEEE, pp. 1-10.
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Ridoux, J & Veitch, D 1970, 'Ten Microseconds Over LAN, for Free', 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication, IEEE, IEEE, pp. 105-109.
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Riedel, S & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Dynamic Pooling for the Combination of Forecasts generated using Multi Level Learning', 2007 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2007 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, Orlando, FL, pp. 454-+.
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Ruan, D, Lu, J, Laes, E, Zhang, G, Wu, F & Hardeman, F 1970, 'Fuzzy multi-criteria group decision support in long-term options of Belgian energy policy', NAFIPS 2007 - 2007 Annual Meeting of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society, North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society Conference, IEEE, San Diego, CA, pp. 496-501.
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Decision making requires multiple perspectives of different people as one single decision maker may have not enough knowledge to well solve a problem alone. This is particularly true when the decision environment becomes more complex. More organizational decisions are made now in groups than ever before. Group decision making is thus a process of arriving at a judgment or a solution for a decision problem based on the input and feedback of multiple individuals. At the same time in practice, multi-criteria problems at tactical and strategic levels often involve fuzziness in their criteria and decision makers' judgments. Relevant alternatives are evaluated according to a number of criteria. Fuzzy logic based multi-criteria group decision support is justified to analysis long-term options for Belgian energy policy in this paper. ©2007 IEEE.

Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Indraratna, B 1970, 'Analysis of Radial Vacuum-Assisted Consolidation Using 3D Finite Element Method', Advances in Measurement and Modeling of Soil Behavior, Geo-Denver 2007, American Society of Civil Engineers, p. 12.
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In this study, a 3D numerical modelling of a single vertical drains consolidation incorporating vacuum preloading considering both vertical and horizontal drainage is presented. The effects of nonlinear soil compressibility, varying permeability and vacuum pressure distribution along the drain are examined through the dissipation of average excess pore pressure and associated settlement. A selected case history, using 3D finite element method, is employed to analyse two embankments constructed at the Second Bangkok International Airport, Thailand stabilised with prefabricated vertical drains and vacuum preloading. The behaviour of this embankment including settlements and excess pore pressures is then compared with the numerical predictions. This study reveals a close agreement between the predictions results obtained from the numerical model and the field measurements. Copyright ASCE 2007.

Ruta, D & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Neural Network Ensembles for Time Series Prediction', 2007 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2007 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, Orlando, FL, pp. 1204-1209.
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Ruta, D, Gabrys, B, Maroulis, G & Simos, TE 1970, 'Reducing Spatial Data Complexity for Classification Models', AIP Conference Proceedings, Computational Methods in Science and Engineering, AIP, Corfu, GREECE, pp. 603-613.
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Saha, SC, Lei, C & Patterson, JC 1970, 'On the natural convection boundary layer adjacent to an inclined flat plate subject to ramp heating', Proceedings of the 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, 16AFMC, pp. 121-124.
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An investigation of the natural convection boundary layer adjacent to an inclined semi-infinite plate subject to a temperature boundary condition which follows a ramp function up until some specified time and then remains constant is reported. The development of the flow from start-up to a steadystate has been described based on scaling analyses and verified by numerical simulations. Attention in this study has been given to fluids having a Prandtl number Pr less than unity. The boundary layer flow depends on the comparison of the time at which the ramp heating is completed and the time at which the boundary layer completes its growth. If the ramp time is long compared with the steady state time, the layer reaches a quasi steady mode in which the growth of the layer is governed solely by the thermal balance between convection and conduction. On the other hand, if the ramp is completed before the layer becomes steady; the subsequent growth is governed by the balance between buoyancy and inertia, as for the case of instantaneous heating.

Saha, SC, Lei, C & Patterson, JC 1970, 'Scaling analysis of the thermal boundary layer adjacent to an abruptly heated inclined flat plate', Proceedings of the 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, 16AFMC, pp. 117-120.
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The natural convection thermal boundary layer adjacent to an abruptly heated inclined flat plate is investigated through a scaling analysis and verified by numerical simulations. In general, the development of the thermal flow can be characterized by three distinct stages, i.e. a start-up stage, a transitional stage and a steady state stage. Major scales including the flow velocity, flow development time, and the thermal and viscous boundary layer thicknesses are established to quantify the flow development at different stages and over a wide range of flow parameters. Details of the scaling analysis and the numerical procedures are described in this paper.

Sahel, Z, Bouchachia, A, Gabrys, B & Rogers, P 1970, 'Adaptive Mechanisms for Classification Problems with Drifting Data', KNOWLEDGE-BASED INTELLIGENT INFORMATION AND ENGINEERING SYSTEMS: KES 2007 - WIRN 2007, PT II, PROCEEDINGS, 11th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Informational and Engineering Systems/17th Italian Workshop on Neural Networks, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Vietri sul Mare, ITALY, pp. 419-426.
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Sakhaee, E & Jamalipour, A 1970, 'A New Stable Clustering Scheme for Pseudo-Linear Highly Mobile Ad Hoc Networks', IEEE GLOBECOM 2007-2007 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE GLOBECOM 2007-2007 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE.
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Sakhaee, E, Taleb, T, Jamalipour, A, Kato, N & Nemoto, Y 1970, 'A Novel Scheme to Reduce Control Overhead and Increase Link Duration in Highly Mobile Ad Hoc Networks', 2007 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2007 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE.
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Samali, B, Choi, F, Li, J & Crews, KI 1970, 'Experimental investigations on a laboratory timber bridge using Damage Index Method for plate-like structures', Proceedings of the 5th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics, ACAM 2007, Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics, Engineers Australia, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 114-119.
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A great deal of work has been done in the area of damage identification in structures using changes of modal parameters before and after damage. Most of the developments have been based on beam theory and applied to beam-like or truss structures. Few researchers have made contributions to damage identification of plate-like structures employing a damage index method, especially for timber structures. In this paper, experimental investigations on a laboratory timber bridge using damage index method for plate-like structures are reported. Experimental modal analysis was performed to extract essential modal parameters from test data. Mode shape curvatures derived from the mode shapes were utilised in a damage index method for plate-like structures to detect single and two damage scenarios in a timber bridge. The purpose of the study is to explore feasibility of using modal strain energy based methods for damage identification of plate-like structures. The results show that the damage index method for plate-like structures using higher modes provides reasonable damage localisation for single and multiple damage cases.

Samaraweera, DN & Lu, DD-C 1970, 'Novel Implementation of Average Current Mode Controlled Power-Factor-Correction Converters', 2007 2nd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2007 2nd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, IEEE, Harbin, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1468-1472.
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Samuels, S & Parnell, J 1970, 'A recent investigation into the influences of some Australian asphalt pavement surfaces on road traffic noise', 14th International Congress on Sound and Vibration 2007, ICSV 2007, pp. 9-16.
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This paper deals with an investigation into the influences of some Australian asphalt pavement surfaces on the generation of road traffic noise. The investigation represents a recent component of an ongoing pavement surface noise research program in which both authors have been involved over several years. It focused on the roadside noise produced by a passenger vehicle travelling under controlled conditions on a set of asphaltic pavement surfaces that are typical of those adopted in the states of New South Wales and Queensland and, indeed, elsewhere throughout Australia. Results of the investigation, which are summarised in the paper, demonstrated that there is a considerable degree of variability in the acoustic attributes of the pavement surfaces studied. Interpretations and explanations of this variability are offered in the paper. Moreover, the outcomes of the investigation were compared with the acoustic attributes of sets of nominally similar and different pavement surfaces constructed in other countries and which had been previously reported in the open literature. Explanations for the similarities and differences between the acoustic attributes of the Australian and overseas asphalt pavement surfaces are also offered in the paper.

Sangvikar, N, Hagare, P & Ngo, H 1970, 'Fibre Cement Industrial Water Recovery: A viable Alternative Water Source', Proceedings of International Conference on Cleaner Technologies and Environmental Management, International Conference on Cleaner Technologies and Environmental Management, Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., India, pp. 1-7.
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Australian water demands are increasing significantly with the increase of urbanization and industrialization. Thus, water is a valuable resource in Australia, but in short supply. There is a scope to make better use ofrecycled water as an additional water resource. Water reclamation is the best sustainable solution for water crisis. The recirculation of wastewater to reusable water can be achieved by implementing specific wastewater treatment technologies/or wastewater recycling for non-potable purposes.

Sehestedt, S, Kodagoda, S, Alempijevic, A, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Robust lane detection in urban environments', 2007 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-9, IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, USA, pp. 123-128.
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Most of the lane marking detection algorithms reported in the literature are suitable for highway scenarios. This paper presents a novel clustered particle filter based approach to lane detection, which is suitable for urban streets in normal traffic conditions. Furthermore, a quality measure for the detection is calculated as a measure of reliability. The core of this approach is the usage of weak models, i.e. the avoidance of strong assumptions about the road geometry. Experiments were carried out in Sydney urban areas with a vehicle mounted laser range scanner and a ccd camera. Through experimentations, we have shown that a clustered particle filter can be used to efficiently extract lane markings. ©2007 IEEE.

Sehestedt, SA, Kodagoda, S, Alempijevic, A & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Efficient Lane Detection and Tracking in Urban Environments', third European Conference on Mobile Robots, European Conference on Mobile Robots, ECMR, Germany, pp. 78-83.

Sejvar, JJ, Hossain, J, Fischer, M, Gurley, E, Saha, SK & Luby, SP 1970, 'Long-term outcomes of Japanese encephalitis in Bangladesh', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene, AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 298-298.

Sheng, D 1970, 'Frictional Contact for Pile Installation', IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN CONTACT MECHANICS, IUTAM Symposium on Computational Methods in Contact Mechanics, Springer Netherlands, Hannover, GERMANY, pp. 239-255.
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Sijun Lu, Jian Zhang & David Feng 1970, 'An efficient method for detecting ghost and left objects in surveillance video', 2007 IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2007 IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, AVSS 2007, IEEE, London, pp. 540-545.
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This paper proposes an efficient method for detecting ghost and left objects in surveillance video, which, if not identified, may lead to errors or wasted computation in background modeling and object tracking in surveillance systems. This method contain

Singh, SPN & Waldron, KJ 1970, 'A Hybrid Motion Model for Aiding State Estimation in Dynamic Quadrupedal Locomotion', Proceedings 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Rome, ITALY, pp. 4337-+.
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Singh, SPN, Csonka, PJ & Waldron, KJ 1970, 'Robotic harness for the field assessment of galloping gaits', 2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, pp. 4247-4252.
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An important tool in clarifying various theories governing the dynamics of rapid quadrupedal gaits, such as the trot and gallop, is the measurement of body attitude. Such measurements are complicated in open field environments because of the large ranges and high data rates needed due to the speeds (7 m/s) and rapid shifts in dynamics present. To address this a lightweight inertial sensing harness is introduced with sensing design based on the KOLT robot. Its mass center is collocated with the subject so as to reduce dynamic bias. This work combines dynamic gait system identification and motion estimation and is demonstrated on a Labrador retriever (Cams lupus familiaris) through measurements of the gallop over long spans (20 m) and at data rates comparable with gait laboratories (400 Hz). The results are consistent with laboratory measurements, but seem to suggest a roll and yaw cross-coupling during gallop. ©2007 IEEE.

Sinha, S & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'MAGNA: Middleware for dynamic and resource constrained sensor networks', The 2nd International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications (AusWireless 2007), The 2nd International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications (AusWireless 2007), IEEE, pp. 62-71.
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Traditionally sensor networks have been typically enterprise architecture driven, where a dedicated server is used to collect data and record in a database for analysis and historical reference. While modern day computing capabilities allow drilling through megabytes of information, it is not always the most costeffective solution. The other alternative is the use of smart sensors, whereby each node is capable of routing data to any destination using a HTTP server. This not only escalates the cost of each node but also imposes severe strain on the network - thus necessitating developers and architects to evaluate the impact of swarming and "lazy routing". The notion of the proposed middleware solution (MAGNA) is to bring about context-based processing and intelligent data capture and/or filter right up to the sensor nodes through the use of powerful "sub-net" controllers. The paper will explore the application of MAGNA as a platform capable of offering ambient intelligence in a typical sensor network environment, integrating everyday appliances and our life-style together. In doing so, two primary methodologies will be discussed on which MAGNA is essentially based, namely the Soft Systems Methodology and the Banking Model approach. © 2007 IEEE.

Skinner, BT, Nguyen, HT & Liu, DK 1970, 'Classification of EEG Signals Using a Genetic-Based Machine Learning Classifier', 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Lyon, France, pp. 3120-3123.
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This paper investigates the efficacy of the genetic-based learning classifier system XCS, for the classification of noisy, artefact-inclusive human electroencephalogram (EEG) signals represented using large condition strings (108bits). EEG signals from three participants were recorded while they performed four mental tasks designed to elicit hemispheric responses. Autoregressive (AR) models and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) methods were used to form feature vectors with which mental tasks can be discriminated. XCS achieved a maximum classification accuracy of 99.3% and a best average of 88.9%. The relative classification performance of XCS was then compared against four non-evolutionary classifier systems originating from different learning techniques. The experimental results will be used as part of our larger research effort investigating the feasibility of using EEG signals as an interface to allow paralysed persons to control a powered wheelchair or other devices. © 2007 IEEE.

Skinner, BT, Nguyen, HT & Liu, DK 1970, 'Distributed classifier migration in xcs for classification of electroencephalographic signals', 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 2829-2836.
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This paper presents an investigation into combining migration strategies inspired by multi-deme Parallel Genetic Algorithms with the XCS Learning Classifier System to provide parallel and distributed classifier migration. Migrations occur between distributed XCS classifier sub-populations using classifiers ranked according to numerosity, fitness or randomly selected. The influence of the degree-of-connectivity introduced by Fully-Connected, Bi-directional Ring and Uni-directional Ring topologies is examined. Results indicate that classifier migration is an effective method for improving classification accuracy, improving learning speed and reducing final classifier population size, in the single-step classification of noisy, artefact-inclusive human electroencephalographic signals. The experimental results will be used as part of our larger research effort investigating the feasibility of using EEG signals as an interface to allow paralysed persons to control a powered wheelchair or other devices. © 2007 IEEE.

Skinner, BT, Nguyen, HT & Liu, DK 1970, 'Hybrid Optimisation Method Using PGA and SQP Algorithm', 2007 IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computational Intelligence, 2007 IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computational Intelligence, IEEE, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, pp. 73-80.
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This paper investigates the hybridisation of two very different optimisation methods, namely the Parallel Genetic Algorithm (PGA) and Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) Algorithm. The different characteristics of genetic-based and traditional quadratic programming-based methods are discussed and to what extent the hybrid method can benefit the solving of optimisation problems with nonlinear complex objective and constraint functions. Experiments show the hybrid method effectively combines the robust and global search property of Parallel Genetic Algorithms with the high convergence velocity of the Sequential Quadratic Programming Algorithm, thereby reducing computation time, maintaining robustness and increasing solution quality. © 2007 IEEE.

Stacey, M, McGregor, C & Tracy, M 1970, 'An architecture for multi-dimensional temporal abstraction and its application to support neonatal intensive care', 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, Lyon, FRANCE, pp. 3752-3756.
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Steele, RJ, Secombe, C & Brookes, WC 1970, 'Using Wireless Sensor Networks for Aged Care: The Patient's Perspective', Pervasive Health Conference and Workshops, 2006, International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare, IEEE Computer Society Press, Innsbruck, Austria, pp. 1-10.
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This paper presents the findings of a qualitative study on the perceptions and thoughts of elderly people on the use of current sensor network technology for assisted aged care. Focus groups of elderly people were presented with examples of current sensor nodes and example scenarios of their use, and then invited to provide input on a range of issues surrounding the design and use of the technology. The focus group findings were verified with a health care professional as a control measure. This study examines sensing based interaction, implementation methodologies and user acceptance issues specifically for the elderly, and from the elderly's perspective. A significant finding of the study is that the two most important factors for elderly acceptance of sensor technology are cost and control

Su, SW, Huang, S, Wang, L, Celler, BG, Savkin, AV, Guo, Y, Cheng, T & IEEE 1970, 'Nonparametric Hammerstein model based model predictive control for heart rate regulation', 2007 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-16, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, Medicine and Biology Society, Lyon, France, pp. 2984-2987.
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This paper proposed a novel nonparametric model based model predictive control approach for the regulation of heart rate during treadmill exercise. As the model structure of human cardiovascular system is often hard to determine, nonparametric modelling is a more realistic manner to describe complex behaviours of cardiovascular system. This paper presents a new nonparametric Hammerstein model identification approach for heart rate response modelling. Based on the pseudo-random binary sequence experiment data, we decouple the identification of linear dynamic part and input nonlinearity of the Hammerstein system. Correlation analysis is applied to acquire step response of linear dynamic component. Support Vector Regression is adopted to obtain a nonparametric description of the inverse of input static nonlinearity that is utilized to form an approximate linear model of the Hammerstein system. Based on the established model, a model predictive controller under predefined speed and acceleration constraints is designed to achieve safer treadmill exercise. Simulation results show that the proposed control algorithm can achieve optimal heart rate tracking performance under predefined constraints.

Su, SW, Nguyen, J, Jarman, R, Huang, S, Chen, W, Celler, BG, Bao, J, Lee, P & Weng, K 1970, 'A new decentralized fault tolerant control strategy and the fault accommodation of coupled drives', Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Technologies (InTech'07), International Conference on Intelligent Technologies, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 313-317.

Sugawara, T, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Dynamic Reconfigurable Architecture for a Low-Power Despreader in VSF-OFCDM Systems', 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE, New Orleans, LA, pp. 2287-+.
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Sun, DA, Huang, WX, Sheng, DC & Yamamoto, H 1970, 'An Elastoplastic Model for Granular Materials Exhibiting Particle Crushing', Key Engineering Materials, 8th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Engineering Plasticity and Its Applications (AEPA 2006), Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, JAPAN, pp. 1273-1278.
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A practical elastoplastic constitutive model for granular materials is presented. And themodel is suitable for description of the material behaviour for a wide range of stresses, including thosesufficient to cause particle crushing. With a limited number of model parameters, the model canpredict the confining-pressure dependent stress-strain relation and shear strength of granular materialsin three-dimensional stresses, especially of variation of shear strength and dilatancy characteristicsdue to particle crushing under high confining pressure. The model parameters, which have clearphysical meanings, can be determined from the results of isotropic compression test and conventionaltriaxial compression tests. The model performance is demonstrated for triaxial compression tests of asand for a wide range of the confining-pressure from 0.2MPa to 8.0MPa.

Sun, Y, Feng, B, Zhang, Y, Fang, G, Shi, J & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Fast RSVP: A Cross Layer Resource Reservation Scheme for Mobile IPv6 Networks', 2007 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, 2007 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, IEEE, pp. 691-697.
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This paper proposes a new cross layer scheme (Fast RSVP) to reserve resources in mobile IPv6 networks. Through the cooperation of mobile IP and RSVP modules, Fast RSVP includes a number of mechanisms such as advanced resource reservation on neighbor tunnels, resource reservation on optimized routes, resource reservation for handover sessions, path merge etc. Network simulation results show that our scheme, compared with other traditional ways to reserve resources in mobile environments, has the following advantages: (1) it allows a mobile node to realize fast handover with QoS guarantees; (2) it avoids resource wasting caused by triangular routes and duplicate reservations; (3) it distinguishes different types of reservation requests, greatly reducing the handover session forced termination rate while maintaining high performance of the network. © 2007 IEEE.

Sun, Y, Zhang, Y, Song, Y, Shi, J & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Extensions to Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) with Guard Channel for Mobile IPv6', 2007 IEEE 66th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2007 IEEE 66th Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE, Baltimore, MD, pp. 1528-1532.
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Sutcliffe, PJ, Solomon, AI & Edwards, J 1970, 'Finding the Population variance of Costs over the Solution Space of the TSP in Polynomial Time', Proceedings of the 11th WSEAS International Conference on APPLIED MATHEMATICS, WSEAS International Conference on Applied Mathematics, WSEAS Conference Proceedings, Dallas, Texas, pp. 23-28.

Taha, T, Miro, JV & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Wheelchair driver assistance and intention prediction using POMDPs', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SENSORS, SENSOR NETWORKS AND INFORMATION PROCESSING, International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, IEEE Computer Society, Melbourne, Victoria, pp. 449-454.
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Electric wheelchairs give otherwise immobile people the free-dom of movement, they significantly increase independence and dramatically increase quality of life. However the physical control systems of such wheelchair can be prohibitive for some users; for example, people with severe tremors. Several assisted wheelchair platforms have been developed in the past to assist such users. Algorithms that assist specific behaviors such as door - passing, follow - corridor, or avoid - obstacles have been successful. Recent research has seen a move towards systems that predict the users intentions, based on the users input. These predictions have been typically limited to locations immediately surrounding the wheelchair. This paper presents a new assisted wheelchair driving system with large scale intelligent intention recognition based on POMDPs (Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes). The systems acts as an intelligent agent/decision-maker, it relies on minimal user input; to predict the users intention and then autonomously drives the user to his destination. The prediction is constantly being updated as new user input is received allowing for true user/system integration. This shifts the users focus from fine motor-skilled control to coarse control intended to convey intention. © 2007 IEEE.

Tan, J, lu, HHC, Ling, SH & IEEE 1970, 'Symbolic representation of border collision bifurcation in switching DC/DC converters', IECON 2007: 33RD ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE-Industrial-Electronics-Society, IEEE, Taipei, TAIWAN, pp. 2010-2014.
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Tan, KC, Goh, CK, Teoh, EJ & Liu, D 1970, 'A hybrid evolutionary approach for heterogeneous multiprocessor scheduling', Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Technologies (InTech), International Conference on Intelligent Technologies, University of Technology, Sdyney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 261-268.

Thomas-Kerr, J, Burnett, I & Ritz, C 1970, 'Intelligent Multimedia Delivery? It&#x2019;s a question of semantics', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 473-478.
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Thomas-Kerr, J, Janneck, J, Mattavelli, M, Burnett, I & Ritz, C 1970, 'Reconfigurable Media Coding: Self-Describing Multimedia Bitstreams', 2007 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems, 2007 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems, IEEE, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 319-+.
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Tian, L, Yang, Y, Shi, J, Dutkiewicz, E & Fang, G 1970, 'Energy Efficient Integrated Scheduling of Unicast and Multicast Traffic in 802.16e WMANs', IEEE GLOBECOM 2007-2007 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE GLOBECOM 2007-2007 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE, Washington, DC, pp. 3478-+.
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Tien, D & Jia, W 1970, 'Automatic road extraction from aerial images: A contemporary survey', Fourth International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, ICITA 2007, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Macquarie Scientific Publishing, Sydney, Australia, Harbin, China, pp. 294-299.
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Wenjing Jia is currently a part-time Research Associate at the Charles Sturt University, Australia This paper describes a contemporary literature review outcomes on automatic road extraction from aerial images. The main focus is on automatic road extraction, but it also discusses the possible extension on automatic extraction of other man-made objects, such as buildings, dams, swimming pools, etc.. This paper first discusses the background of the topic, including the difficulties of the problem and the evaluation methods. Then Ave typical method currently proposed for road extraction are reviewed. Technical details are critically reviewed for future reference and comparison. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed. Based on this discussion, future work and possible methods are suggested.

Tijing, LD, Pak, BC, Baek, BJ, Lee, DH & Cho, YI 1970, 'USING LOW-VOLTAGE-HIGH-FREQUENCY ELECTRIC FIELD TO MITIGATE MINERAL FOULING IN A HEAT EXCHANGER', 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회, pp. 1683-1688.

Tipper, JL, Galvin, AL, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 1970, 'Estimation of the osteolytic potential of noncrosslinked and crosslinked polyethylenes and ceramic-on-ceramic total hip prostheses', ASTM Special Technical Publication, pp. 75-90.
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There is currently considerable interest in the wear debris and osteolytic potential of different types of bearings used in total joint replacements. The aim of this study was first to characterize the wear and wear particles generated from two different grades of UHMWPE acetabular cups with different levels of crosslinking in a hip joint simulator. Secondly, the results for the polyethylenes were compared to an alumina ceramic-on-ceramic hip prosthesis. The wear rates of the two noncrosslinked material types were very similar at 49±8 mm3 per million cycles for the GUR 1020 and 45.6± 1.4 mm3 per million cycles for the GUR 1050. Moderate crosslinking (4 MRad) significantly (P<0.05) reduced the wear rate of the GUR 1020 material by 30 % to 35±9 mm3 per million cycles. High levels of crosslinking of GUR 1050 (10 MRad) produced a highly significant (P<0.01) 80 % reduction in wear volume. Although reduced wear volumes were observed with moderate levels of crosslinking for the 4 MRad GUR 1020 material, little benefit was conveyed by crosslinking, in terms of predicted overall biocompatibility and estimated osteolytic potential. Introducing high levels of crosslinking (10 MRad) into the GUR 1050 material reduced wear and osteolytic potential by up to five-fold compared to the other GUR 1050 materials. However, compared to the non-crosslinked and moderately crosslinked GUR 1020 materials, the highly crosslinked GUR 1050 UHMWPE had only a two-fold lower osteolytic potential. The alumina ceramic-on-ceramic hip prostheses produced extremely low wear rates under both standard and microseparation simulation conditions, and consequently the osteolytic potential of the alumina bearings was estimated to be >20-fold lower than the highly crosslinked polyethylene. Copyright © 2006 by ASTM International.

Tran, LC, Mertins, A, Dutkiewicz, E & Huang, X 1970, 'Space-Time-Frequency Codes in MB-OFDM UWB communications: advanced order-8 STFC and its performance', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 380-+.
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Tran, NN, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, HH 1970, 'Optimal Training Signals and Detection for OFDM Under Colored Noise', 2007 IEEE 66th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2007 IEEE 66th Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE, Baltimore, MD, pp. 1327-1331.
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Based on convex programming, this paper presents the optimal training signal design for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) under colored noise. An effective method for OFDM symbol detection with the use of precoding is also described. Both

Tran, NN, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, HH 1970, 'Orthogonal affine precoder design for jointly optimal channel estimation and symbol detection in MIMO-OFDM systems', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 983-988.
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Affine precoding superimposes training signals on linearly precoded data. It enhances symbol recovery and effectively identifies the frequency-selective fading channel. Previous works have shown its advantage over the standard timemultiplexed training. T

Tran, TH, Kwok, NM, Scheding, S & Ha, QP 1970, 'Dynamic Modelling of Wheel-Terrain Interaction of a UGV', 2007 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering, IEEE, Scottsdale, Arizona, U.S.A., pp. 369-374.
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Understanding the vehicle-terrain interaction is essential for autonomous and safe operations of skid-steering unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic processes involved in this interaction, using the vehicle kinetics and the theory of terramechanics to derive systematically shear displacement, reaction force, and load distribution for a wheel. The new model is then summarized in the form of an algorithm to allow for computation of characteristic performance of the interaction such as slip ratios, rolling resistance, and moment of turning resistance for a number of terrain types. Given the current state of the vehicle and terrain parameters, the model can be used to estimate its next states and to predict the vehicle running path. The development is illustrated by simulation and verified with experimental data.

Tran, Y, Thuraisingham, RA, Boord, P, Nguyen, HT & Craig, A 1970, 'Using fractal analysis to improve switching rates in 'hands free' environmental control technology for the severely disabled', 2007 3rd International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, 2007 3rd International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, IEEE, Kohala, Hawaii, USA, pp. 406-409.
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A negative impact on the quality of life of the severely neurologically disordered such as spinal cord injured persons is the loss of the ability to control devices in their immediate environment. Consequently, we have conducted research on technology designed to restore some measure of independence by providing hands free control over these devices by using EEG signals associated with eye closure (EC) and eye opening (EO). In a previous study we demonstrated that the nonlinear technique fractal dimension analysis was a viable alternative to spectral analysis in detecting these signals in the EEG of able bodied persons. This paper explores the efficacy of using fractal dimension to detect EC/EO signals in a spinal cord injured population. The fractal dimension method was found to improve from the standard spectral analysis technique in that there was a significant reduction is the occurrence of false positive and false negative switching. This improved detection of EC/EO in the brain activity of severely disabled people will be utilised in our technology for remote switching of electrical devices. © 2007 IEEE.

Tran, Y, Thuraisingham, RA, Wijesuriya, N, Nguyen, HT & Craig, A 1970, 'Detecting neural changes during stress and fatigue effectively: a comparison of spectral analysis and sample entropy', 2007 3rd International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, 2007 3rd International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, IEEE, Kohala Coast, Hawaii, USA, pp. 350-353.
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Brain computer interface (BCI) technology as Its name implies, relies upon decoding brain signals into operational commands. Aside from needing effective means of control, successful BCIs need to remain stable in varying physiological conditions. BCIs need to be developed with mechanisms to recognise and respond to physiological states (such as stress and fatigue) that can disrupt user capability. This paper compares a spectral analysis of EEG signals technique with a nonlinear method of sample entropy to detect changes In brain dynamics during moments of stress and fatigue. The results demonstrated few changes In the spectral frequency bands of the EEG during fatigue and stress conditions. However, when the EEG signals were analysed with the nonlinear technique of sample entropy the results indicated a reduction of complexity during moments of fatigue and stress and an increase In complexity during moments of engagement to the task. © 2007 IEEE.

Travaly, Y, Mandeep, B, Carbonell, L, Tokei, Z, Van Olmen, J, Iacopi, F, Van Hove, M, Stucchi, M & Maex, K 1970, 'On a more accurate assessment of scaled copper/low-k interconnects performance', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING, IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC, pp. 333-340.
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Trieu, HT, Nguyen, HT & Willey, K 1970, 'Obstacle avoidance for power wheelchair using Bayesian neural network', Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings, pp. 4771-4774.
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In this paper we present a real-time obstacle avoidance algorithm using a Bayesian neural network for a laser based wheelchair system. The raw laser data is modified to accommodate the wheelchair dimensions, allowing the freespace to be determined accurately in real-time. Data acquisition is performed to collect the patterns required for training the neural network. A Bayesian frame work is applied to determine the optimal neural network structure for the training data. This neural network is trained under the supervision of the Bayesian rule and the obstacle avoidance task is then implemented for the wheelchair system. Initial results suggest this approach provides an effective solution for autonomous tasks, suggesting Bayesian neural networks may be useful for wider assistive technology applications. © 2007 IEEE.

Trieu, HT, Nguyen, HT, Willey, K & IEEE 1970, 'Obstacle avoidance for power wheelchair using Bayesian neural network', 2007 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-16, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, IEEE, Lyon, France, pp. 4771-4774.
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In this paper we present a real-time obstacle avoidance algorithm using a Bayesian neural network for a laser based wheelchair system. The raw laser data is modified to accommodate the wheelchair dimensions, allowing the free-space to be determined accurately in real-time. Data acquisition is performed to collect the patterns required for training the neural network. A Bayesian frame work is applied to determine the optimal neural network structure for the training data. This neural network is trained under the supervision of the Bayesian rule and the obstacle avoidance task is then implemented for the wheelchair system. Initial results suggest this approach provides an effective solution for autonomous tasks, suggesting Bayesian neural networks may be useful for wider assistive technology applications.

Tsang, IW, Kocsor, A & Kwok, JT 1970, 'Simpler core vector machines with enclosing balls', Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Machine learning, ICML '07 & ILP '07: The 24th Annual International Conference on Machine Learning held in conjunction with the 2007 International Conference on Inductive Logic Programming, ACM, pp. 911-918.
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The core vector machine (CVM) is a recent approach for scaling up kernel methods based on the notion of minimum enclosing ball (MEB). Though conceptually simple, an efficient implementation still requires a sophisticated numerical solver. In this paper, we introduce the enclosing ball (EB) problem where the ball's radius is fixed and thus does not have to be minimized. We develop efficient (1 + e)-approximation algorithms that are simple to implement and do not require any numerical solver. For the Gaussian kernel in particular, a suitable choice of this (fixed) radius is easy to determine, and the center obtained from the (1 + e)-approximation of this EB problem is close to the center of the corresponding MEB. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has accuracies comparable to the other large-scale SVM implementations, but can handle very large data sets and is even faster than the CVM in general.

Tuan, HD, Nguyen, HH, Tran, NN, Nguyen, V & IEEE 1970, 'An effective global optimization algorithm for wireless MIMO channel estimation', 2007 2ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COMPUTATIONAL ADVANCES IN MULTI-SENSOR ADAPTIVE PROCESSING, IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing, IEEE, St Thomas, VI, pp. 209-212.
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The problem of channel estimation for spatially correlated fading multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels is considered. Based on the channel's second order statistic, the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) channel estimator that works with the supe

Tuan, HD, Pham, DH, Vo, B & Nguyen, TQ 1970, 'Entropy of General Gaussian Distributions and MIMO Channel Capacity Maximizing Precoder and Decoder', 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - ICASSP '07, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE, Honolulu, HI, pp. 325-328.
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Exploiting channel state information at the transmitter and receiver to design an optimal linear precoder and decoder for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system is an active research area. The design is often based on the informatio

Ullmer, B, Schmidt, A, Hornecker, E, Hummels, C, Jacob, RJ & van den Hoven, E 1970, 'Proceedings of the First International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction (TEI'07)', TEI'07, TEI'07, ACM, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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It is our great pleasure to present the proceedings of the First International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction. This new conference addresses interaction, design, tools, use, and art, especially encouraging interdisciplinary research spanning these themes.For its inaugural year, TEI'07 is held in concert with the 14th Annual Mardi Gras conference at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Major sponsorship is provided by the LSU Center for Computation and Technology (CCT). The conference is in cooperation with ACM SIGGRAPH, with its proceedings to be archived in ACM's Digital Library.The Mardi Gras festival finds its roots some 5,000 years ago as a celebration of spring. In North America, the festival dates to French explorers' arrival at the mouth of the Mississippi River in 1699. Just south of New Orleans, where the river meets the sea, they named their landfall Point d'Mardi Gras, on occasion of the day.In this spirit of new life, discovery, cultural diversity, and celebration, each spring the Mardi Gras conference embraces a different theme of regional interest and relevance. This year, we have embraced tangible and embedded interaction, with aspirations of giving birth to a recurring annual gathering and celebration of research in this field.

Valls Miro, J, Taha, T, Wang, D, Dissanayake, G & Liu, D 1970, 'An efficient strategy for robot navigation in cluttered environments in the presence of dynamic obstacles', Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Technologies (InTech), International Conference on Intelligent Technologies, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 74-81.

van den Hoven, E & Mazalek, A 1970, 'Tangible Play: Research and Design for Tangible and Tabletop Games', 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT USER INTERFACES, IUI'07, ACM, Honolulu, HI, USA, pp. 6-6.
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This workshop addresses questions related to the areas of tangible interaction, game design and emerging technologies for tangible and tabletop games. We bring together researchers and practitioners from diverse fields related to these topics, such as HCI, computer science, interaction design and game design. We seek collaborative ways to move forward the field of tangible and tabletop games.

van den Hoven, E, Frens, J, Aliakseyeu, D, Martens, J-B, Overbeeke, K & Peters, P 1970, 'Design research & tangible interaction', Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Tangible and embedded interaction, TEI07: Tangible and Embedded Interaction 2007, ACM, Baton Rouge, USA, pp. 109-116.
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The research on Tangible Interaction (TI) has been inspired by many different disciplines, including psychology, sociology, engineering and human-computer interaction (HCI). Now that the field is getting more mature, in the sense that basic technologies and interaction paradigms have been explored, we observe a growing potential for a more design-oriented research approach. We suggest that there are several arguments for this proposed broadening of the TI-perspective: 1) the need for designing products within contexts-of-use that are much more challenging and diverse than the task-oriented desktop (or tabletop) systems that mostly inspire us today, 2) the interest to also design TI starting from existing physical activities instead of only as add-ons to digital applications, 3) the need for iterative design and evaluation of prototypes in order to develop applications that are grounded within daily practice over prolonged periods of time, and 4) the need to extend ease of use to more hedonic aspects of interaction such as fun and engagement

Vellaisamy, K & Li, J 1970, 'Multidimensional Decision Support Indicator (mDSI) for Time Series Stock Trend Prediction', ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY AND DATA MINING, PROCEEDINGS, 11th Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 841-848.
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Vidal-Calleja, T, Bryson, M, Sukkarieh, S, Sanfeliu, A & Andrade-Cetto, J 1970, 'On the Observability of Bearing-only SLAM', Proceedings 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Rome, ITALY, pp. 4114-4119.
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In this paper we present an observability analysis for a mobile robot performing SLAM with a single monocular camera. The aim is to get a better understanding of the well known intuitive behavior of these systems, such as the need for triangulation to fe

Voinov, A, Cox, WE & Cardwell, HE 1970, 'Pilot Collaborative Modeling Study for Regulatory Issues on the James River', World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007, World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007, American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Whereas other shared vision planning studies have typically addressed planning issues for reservoir re-operation issues (e.g. Lake Ontario Study, Mississippi Headwaters Reservoir Operations Plan Evaluation Study, ACT-ACF, etc.), there is also a need for the Corps to work with stakeholders to develop a "shared vision" for water management as it performs it's regulatory role under section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Likewise the state of Virginia recognizes the critical role of public involvement in state and local water planning. Therefore, the USEPA, the State of Virginia, and the Corps' Norfolk District regulators are helping guide a pilot Shared Vision Planning in the James River study to identify and describe the water resources management challenges facing growing municipalities in the James basin and to identify strategies for addressing these challenges in support the Corps 404 regulatory role and the State water planning process. A "Pilot" SVP study is proposed to initiate a collaborative process and evaluate the potential for a "full blown" SVP effort. The pilot effort will likely take 3-5 months and will involve several workshops (one or two large workshops plus various meetings of working groups), some model development, limited data gathering and some initial decision-making trials. © 2007 ASCE.

WALDRON, KJ, ESTREMERA, J, CSONKA, PJ & SINGH, SPN 1970, 'THINKING ABOUT BOUNDING AND GALLOPING USING SIMPLE MODELS', Advances in Climbing and Walking Robots, Proceedings of 10th International Conference (CLAWAR 2007), WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 445-+.
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Wan, SH, Kodagoda, S & Sehestedt, SA 1970, 'Multiple Cue Based Vehicle Detection and Tracking for Road Safety', Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Technologies (InTech-07), International Conference on Intelligent Technologies, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 340-345.
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With the rise in accident related fatalities on roads, the researchers around the world are looking for solutions including integrating intelligence to vehicles. One cruicial aspects of it is the robust detection and tracking of other vehicles in the visinity. In this paper, we have proposed a probabilistic way of incorporation of several visual cues in vehicle detection and a particle filter based tracking strategy. Visual cues used are, lane markings, symmetry, entropy and shadows. Combination of visual cues provided us with robust results when compared with their individual counterparts. The definition of a region of interest lowers the computational requirements with improved robustness. Experimental results of the algorithm in Sydney urban areas are presented

Wang, C, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'A constrained clustering approach to duplicate detection among relational data', ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY AND DATA MINING, PROCEEDINGS, Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, Nanjing, China, pp. 308-319.
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This paper proposes an approach to detect duplicates among relational data. Traditional methods for record linkage or duplicate detection work on a set of records which have no explicit relations with each other. These records can be formatted into a single database table for processing. However, there are situations that records from different sources can not be flattened into one table and records within one source have certain (semantic) relations between them. The duplicate detection issue of these relational data records/instances can be dealt with by formatting them into several tables and applying traditional methods to each table. However, as the relations among the original data records are ignored, this approach generates poor or inconsistent results. This paper analyzes the characteristics of relational data and proposes a particular clustering approach to perform duplicate detection. This approach incorporates constraint rules derived from the characteristics of relational data and therefore yields better and more consistent results, which are revealed by our experiments.

Wang, C, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'Generation and matching of ontology data for the semantic web in a peer-to-peer framework', Advances in Data and Web Management, Proceedings, International Conference on Web-Age Information Management, Springer, Huangshan, China, pp. 136-143.
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The abundance of ontology data is very crucial to the emerging semantic web. This paper proposes a framework that supports the generation of ontology data in a ptop environment. It not only enables users to convert existing structured data to ontology data aligned with given ontology schemas, but also allows them to publish new ontology data with ease. Besides ontology data generation, the common issue of data overlapping over the peers is addressed by the process of ontology data matching in the framework. This process helps turn the implicitly related data among the peers caused by overlapping into explicitly interlinked ontology data, which increases the overall quality of the ontology data. To improve matching accuracy, we explore ontology related features in the matching process. Experiments show that adding these features achieves better overall performance than using traditional features only.

Wang, C, Lu, J, Zhang, G & Zeng, X 1970, 'Creating and managing ontology data on the web: A semantic wiki approach', WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING - WISE 2007, PROCEEDINGS, International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, Springer, Nancy, France, pp. 513-522.
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The creation of ontology data on web sites and proper management of them would help the growth of the semantic web. This paper proposes a semantic wiki approach to tackle this issue. Desirable functions that a semantic wiki approach should implement to offer a better solution to this issue are discussed. Along with that, some key problems such as usability, data reliability and data quality are identified and analyzed. Based on that, a system framework is presented to show how such functions are designed. These functions are further explained along with the description of our implemented prototype system. By addressing the identified key problems, our semantic wiki approach is expected to be able to create and manage web ontology data more effectively.

Wang, D, Kwok, NM, Liu, DK, Lau, H, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'PSO-Tuned F-2 method for multi-robot navigation', 2007 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-9, IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, San Diego, CA, pp. 3771-3776.

Wang, JC-P, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, DR, Safaei, F & Lipman, J 1970, 'On Separating Route Control and Data Flows in Multi-radio Multi-hop Ad Hoc Network.', ICON, IEEE International Conference on Networks, IEEE, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 19-24.
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Ad hoc networks typically require a significant amount of routing and control information to be distributed in a timely and reliable manner throughout the network, particularly in dynamic environments. As traffic levels increase and the network becomes more heavily congested, there is an increased probability that these critical packets are lost, resulting in obsolete control information being used to make important decisions. This would further compound the problem of network congestion and lead to a very rapid loss of connectivity and throughput. Given this, we argue the solutions to these problems should not rely on putting extra bandwidth on a radio interface. Instead, we should exploit the use of multiple radios to ensure the route can be firmly established. In this paper, we propose a multi-radio solution which reserves one radio channel exclusively for routing. Our simulation results have demonstrated that using a separate radio for routing protocol would dramatically improve reliability in heavily loaded ad hoc wireless networks, thereby effectively alleviating the impact of network congestion. © 2007 IEEE.

Wang, JC-P, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, DR, Safaei, F, Lipman, J & IEEE 1970, 'On separating route control and data flows in multi-radio multi-hop ad hoc network', 2007 15TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKS, 15th IEEE International Conference on Networks, IEEE, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA, pp. 114-119.
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Wang, JC-P, Abolhasan, M, Safaei, F, Franklin, D & IEEE 1970, 'A survey on control separation techniques in multi-radio multi-channel MAC protocols', 2007 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES, VOLS 1-3, International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 854-859.
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The rapid diminishing in the cost of commodity wireless hardware in recent years has prompted the use of multiple radios to improve the capacity of wireless networks. However, the research has shown that the improvement obtained from using multiple radios does not solely depend on the number of radios, but primarily on how these radios can be integrated in a constructive manner. A common way of integration multiple radios is to use a dedicated radio for control. To date, a number of multi-radio MAC protocol are employing a dedicated radio to control and coordinate the other radios, though the approaches are varied from one to another. In this paper, the control separation techniques in the multi-radio multi-channel MAC have been surveyed, and a classification of control separation techniques is provided. Moreover, this study points out the open research issues and intends to spark new interests and developments in this field.

Wang, L, Su, SW, Chan, GSH, Celler, BG & IEEE 1970, 'A mathematical model of the cardiovascular system under exercise', 2007 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-16, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, Medicine and Biology Society, Lyon, France, pp. 1014-1017.
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A mathematical model, based on our previous pulsatile nonlinear multi-element cardiovascular model, was tested and improved to study cardiovascular response under graded exercise levels. Ten healthy subjects were studied using cycle-ergometry exercise test with constant workloads ranging from 25 Watt to 125 Watt. Breath by breath gas exchange, heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume and blood pressure were measured at each stage. Based on the experimental data, firstly we proved that our previous model is capable to regenerate the cardiovascular variables observed in the subjects under different exercise levels. Secondly, we improved the model by incorporating a robust and efficient function to estimate metabolic demand. Then the new model can estimate both cardiovascular variables and metabolic demand with its simulation results within the range of SD (Standard Deviation, N=10) of the experimental data.

Wang, Y, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'Comparative Study of Control Strategies for Permanent Magnet Motors', Proceedings of 2nd International Forum on Systems and Mechatronics, International Forum on Systems and Mechatronics, the organisers of the International Forum on Systems and Mechatronics, Tainan, Taiwan, pp. 439-444.

Wang, Y, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'Improved Discrete Space Vector Modulation Scheme for DTC Controlled PMSM', Proceedings of 2nd International Forum on Systems and Mechatronics, International Forum on Systems and Mechatronics, organisers of the International Forum on Systems and Mechatronics, Tainan, Taiwan, pp. 433-438.

Wang, Y, Zhu, JG & Guo, YG 1970, 'A survey of direct torque control schemes for permanent magnet synchronous motor drives', 2007 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2007 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Perth, Australia, pp. 229-234.
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Wang, Y, Zhu, JG & Guo, YG 1970, 'A survey of direct torque control schemes for permanent magnet synchronous motor drives', 2007 AUSTRALASIAN UNIVERSITIES POWER ENGINEERING, VOLS 1-2, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Curtin Univ Technol, Perth, AUSTRALIA, pp. 162-166.

Wang, Z, Huang, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'D-SLAM: Decoupled localization.and mapping for autonomous robots', Robotics Research, International Symposium on Robotics Research, Springer, San Francisco, USA, pp. 203-213.
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The main contribution of this paper is the reformulation of the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem for mobile robots such that the mapping and localization can be treated as two concurrent yet separated processes: D-SLAM (decoupled SLAM). It is shown that SLAM can be decoupled into solving a non-linear static estimation problem for mapping and a low-dimensional dynamic estimation problem for localization. The mapping problem can be solved using an Extended Information Filter where the information matrix is shown to be exactly sparse. A significant saving in the computational effort can be achieved for large scale problems by exploiting the special properties of sparse matrices. An important feature of D-SLAM is that the correlation among landmarks are still kept and it is demonstrated that the uncertainty of the map landmarks monotonically decrease. The algorithm is illustrated through computer simulations and experiments.

Wang, Z, Huang, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Multi-robot simultaneous localization and mapping using D-SLAM framework', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SENSORS, SENSOR NETWORKS AND INFORMATION PROCESSING, International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, ARC Research Network on Sensor Networks, Melbourne, pp. 317-322.
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This paper presents an algorithm for the multi-robot simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem with the robot initial locations completely unknown. Each robot builds its own local map using the traditional Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) SLAM algorithm. We provide a new method to fuse the local maps into a jointly maintained global map by first transforming the local map state estimate into relative location information and then conducting the fusion using the decoupled SLAM (D-SLAM) framework [1O]. An efficient algorithm to find the map overlap and corresponding beacons across the maps is developed from a point feature based medical image registration method and the joint compatibility test. By adding the robot initial pose of each local map into the global map state, the algorithm shows valuable properties. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm. ©2007 IEEE.

Wattana, S, Sharma, D & Vaiyavuth, R 1970, 'Electricity Industry Reforms in Thailand: A Historical Review', GMSARN International Conference on Sustainable Development: Challenges and Opportunities for GMS, GMSARN International Conference on Sustainable Development, Greater Mekong Subregion Academic And Research Network (GMSARN), Pattaya, Thailand, pp. 1-9.
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The Thai Electricity Supply Industry (ESI) has been undergoing reform since the early 1990s. The first stage of reform resulted in the introduction of Independent Power Producers (IPPs) and Small Power Producers (SPPs) programs. This was followed by, in the mid-to-late 1990s, a proposal to introduce a market-oriented reform. This reform program envisaged the separation of generation from transmission and distribution functions; introduction of competition in generation; development of new market-oriented regulatory arrangements, and the privatization of the industry. This reform, argued its proponents, will improve the efficiency of the electricity industry; lower electricity tariff; improve quality of service; draw private investment into power generation sector; reduce the government’s investment burden of financing expensive electricity infrastructure and hence enhance its capacity for investing in other priority programs such as health, education and other social activities. This paper examines the veracity of these arguments. This examination is assisted by a historical review of the evolution of the Thai Electricity Supply Industry (ESI). This review reveals that the above noted arguments are unsupportable on the basis of the technological, economic, environmental, social and political realities prevalent in Thailand. This paper further emphases the need to clearly identify the ‘real’ rationale for reform so that an appropriate reform pathway – consonant with socio-political contexts in Thailand – could be selected.

Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 1970, 'An aperture coupled patch antenna system with MEMS-based reconfigurable polarization', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, pp. 325-328.
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An aperture coupled patch antenna suitable for IEEE 802.11b/g WLAN applications is described. The antenna system enables the polarization of the device to be dynamically reconfigured, where the reconfiguration is actuated by an RF microelectromechanical system (MEMS) single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch. An equivalent circuit model of the RF MEMS switch is used In the electromagnetic simulations of the antenna. This enables an accurate analysis of the antenna cross-polarization, which is highly dependent on the switch isolation. Theoretical results are given for the return loss, radiation patterns and gain of the antenna In both vertical and horizontal polarization states. © 2007 IEEE.

Widjaja, J, Samali, B & Li, J 1970, 'The use of displacement threshold for switching frequency strategy for structural vibration mitigation', JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 8th International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, KOREAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 865-869.
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Willey, K & Gardner, AP 1970, 'Building Better Teams at Work using Self and Peer Assessment Practices', Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Australasian Association of Engineering Education, Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-8.
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There is a reported competency gap between the teamwork skills required by employers and those developed by engineering students during their undergraduate courses. The University of Technology, Sydney is addressing this issue by combining project-based learning with self and peer assessment to determine an individualâs team performance. A confidential online tool is used to collect and collate the student self and peer assessment ratings used both for formative feedback as well as assessment purposes. We found this approach improved student teamwork, engagement and satisfaction, while requiring only a small commitment of academic resources. We propose that using self and peer assessment would also be beneficial in industry to change workplace cultures, promote teamwork, individual skill development, engagement and productivity. Our implementation produces two assessment factors. The performance factor may be used by managers to coach staff to improve their performance, while the formative feedback factor will assist individuals to identify their strengths and weaknesses as perceived by their peers, facilitating ongoing skill development.

Willey, K & Gardner, AP 1970, 'USING SELF AND PEER ASSESSMENT TO CHANGE WORKPLACE CULTURE TO PROMOTE TEAMWORK AND SELF DEVELOPMENT IN ENGINEERS', Proceedings of the International Conference Institute of Public Works Engineering - Australia, Cairns International Public Works Conference, Institute of Public Works Engineers Australia, Cairns Australia, pp. 1-7.
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There is a reported competency gap between the teamwork skills required by employers and those developed by engineering students during their undergraduate courses. The University of Technology, Sydney is addressing this issue by combining project-based learning with self and peer assessment to determine an individualâs team performance. A confidential online tool is used to collect and collate the student self and peer assessment ratings used both for formative feedback and improvement as well as assessment purposes. Assessment ratings guided by predetermined criteria are automatically converted to two assessment factors. These factors are used to both measure performance and provide feedback to facilitate ongoing skill development. We found this approach improved student teamwork, engagement and satisfaction. In addition, it facilitated students supporting each other to develop their teamwork skills in an engineering context while requiring only a small commitment of academic resources. We propose that using self and peer assessment would also be beneficial in industry to change workplace cultures, to promote teamwork and individual skill development. By assessing both team work and project outcomes this system would help teams to self manage, perform and promote the ongoing development of team work skills. The performance factor may be used by managers to coach staff to improve their performance, while the formative feedback factor will assist individuals to identify their strengths and weaknesses as perceived by their peers, facilitating ongoing skill development.

Willey, K, Jacobs, BJ & Walmsley, M 1970, 'Self and peer assessment to promote professional skill development: moving from ad-hoc to planned integration', Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Australasian Association of Engineering Education, AAEE - Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-8.

Witzigmann, B, Steiger, S, Tomamichel, M, Veprek, R & Schwarz, UT 1970, 'Optical gain in 407nm and 470nm InGaN/GaN heterostructures: signature of quantum-dot states', Optoelectronic Materials and Devices II, Asia-Pacific Optical Communications, SPIE, Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA.
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Wu, C & Oehiers, DJ 1970, 'Parametric studies of RC slabs retrofitted with FRP to resist airblast loads', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SHOCK & IMPACT LOADS ON STRUCTURES, 7th International Conference on Shock and Impact Loans on Structures, CI-PREMIER PTE LTD, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 647-653.

Wu, C, Nurwidayati, R & Ehlers, DJ 1970, 'Statistical analysis of fragment size distribution from spallation of RC slabs under airblast loads', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SHOCK & IMPACT LOADS ON STRUCTURES, 7th International Conference on Shock and Impact Loans on Structures, CI-PREMIER PTE LTD, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 655-660.

Wu, C-Q, Oehlers, DJ & Glynn, C 1970, 'Layered analysis of resistance-deflection function of RC slabs retrofitted with FRP', STRUCTURAL CONDITION ASSESSMENT, MONITORING AND IMPROVEMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2, 2nd International Conference on Structural Condition Assessment, Monitoring and Improvement (SCAMI-2), SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING, Changsha, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1170-1176.

Wu, F, Lu, J, Zhang, G & Da Ruan 1970, 'The Development of A Fuzzy Multi-Objective Group Decision Support System', 2007 IEEE International Fuzzy Systems Conference, 2007 IEEE International Fuzzy Systems Conference, IEEE, Imperial College, London, UK, pp. 670-675.
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This paper deals with multi-objective decision-making problem with fuzzy parameters under a group environment, called fuzzy multi-objective group decision-making (FMOGDM). It first presents an FMOGDM method, which integrates fuzzy multi-objective linear programming (FMOLP) with fuzzy group decision making techniques. Based on the method, a fuzzy multiple objective group decision support system (FMOGDSS) is developed. Finally, it gives a case-based example to demonstrate how an FMOLP problem is solved in a group supported by the FMOGDSS. © 2007 IEEE.

Wu, Q, Wang, L, Geng, X, Li, M & He, S 1970, 'Dynamic Biometrics Fusion at Feature Level for Video-Based Human Recognition', Proceedings of Image and Vision Computing New Zealand 2007, Image and Vision Computing Conference, Image and Vision Computing New Zealand, Hamilton, New Zealand, pp. 152-157.

Wyeth, P 1970, 'Agency, tangible technology and young children', Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Interaction design and children, IDC07: International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, ACM.
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Xia, L, Lang, J & Ying, M 1970, 'Sequential voting rules and multiple elections paradoxes.', TARK, pp. 279-288.
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Multiple election paradoxes arise when voting separately on each issue from a set of related issues results in an obviously undesirable outcome. Several authors have argued that a sufficient condition for avoiding multiple election paradoxes is the assumption that voters have separable preferences. We show that this extremely demanding restriction can be relaxed into the much more reasonable one: there exists a linear order x1 > ... > x p on the set of issues such that for each voter, every issue x i is preferentially independent of xi+1, ..., x p given x1, ..., xi-1. This leads us to define a family of sequential voting rules, defined as the sequential composition of local voting rules. These rules relate to the setting of conditional preference networks (CP-nets) recently developed in the Artificial Intelligence literature. We study in detail how these sequential rules inherit, or do not inherit, the properties of their local components. We focus on the case of multiple referenda, corresponding to multiple elections with binary issues.

Xia, L, Lang, J & Ying, M 1970, 'Strongly Decomposable Voting Rules on Multiattribute Domains.', AAAI, AAAI Press, pp. 776-781.
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Sequential composition of voting rules, by making use of structural properties of the voters' preferences, provide computationally economical ways for making a common decision over a Cartesian product of finite local domains. A sequential composition is usually defined on a set of legal profiles following a fixed order. In this paper, we generalize this by order-independent sequential composition and strong decomposable, which are independent of the chosen order. We study to which extent some usual properties of voting rules transfer from the local rules to their order-independent sequential composition. Then, to capture the idea that a voting rule is neutral or decomposable on a slightly smaller domain, we define nearly neutral, nearly decomposable rules for both sequential composition and order-independent sequential composition, which leads us to defining and studying decomposable permutations. We prove that any sequential composition of neutral local rules and any order-independent sequential composition of neutral local rules satisfying a necessary condition are nearly neutral. Copyright © 2007, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved.

Xianyi Rui, Ronghong, Junping Geng & Xiaojing Huang 1970, 'The largest eigenvalue characteristic of correlated complex wishart matrices and its application to MIMO MRC systems', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 375-379.
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In this paper, we analyze statistical properties of the largest eigenvalue of correlated complex Wishart matrices. The results provide an analytical tool for the study of multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO) maximal ratio combining (MRC) systems in the presence of spatial fading correlation at the transmitter or receiver. Based on them, the exact closed-form expressions for the cumulative distribution function and the probability density function of the output signal-to-noise ratio are presented. The analytical results are validated by Monte Carlo simulations. © 2007 IEEE.

Xiaojing Huang 1970, 'Diversity performance of precoded OFDM with MMSE equalization', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 802-807.
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Xiaojing Huang & Leong Keong Kwoh 1970, '3D building reconstruction and visualization for single high resolution satellite image', 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IEEE, Barcelona, SPAIN, pp. 5009-5012.
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Xu, J, Ye, G & Zhang, J 1970, 'Long-term Trajectory Extraction for Moving Vehicles', 2007 IEEE 9th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, 2007 IEEE 9th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, IEEE, Chania, GREECE, pp. 223-226.
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Xu, M, Luo, S & Jin, J 1970, 'Video Adaptation based on Affective Content with MPEG-21 DIA Framework', 2007 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Image and Signal Processing, 2007 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Image and Signal Processing, IEEE, pp. 386-390.
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We present a video adaptation system which takes account of users' preference on video Affective Content (AC) and limited network resource. AC directly causes an user's attention, evaluation and memory which also provides feasible entry for video highlight. According to user's preference, the proposed adaptation insures the video parcels with AC are allocated as much as possible network resource. The system is implemented with MPEG-21 Digital Item Adaptation (DIA) framework which provides a generic video adaptation solution for all video formats and various usage environments by manipulating on XML files. XML file based adaptation avoids complex video computation. 30 students from various departments were invited to test the system and their responses were positive. © 2007 IEEE.

Yafi, E, Alam, MA & Biswas, R 1970, 'Development of Subjective Measures of Interestingness: From Unexpectedness to Shocking', PROCEEDINGS OF WORLD ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 26, PARTS 1 AND 2, DECEMBER 2007, Conference of the World-Academy-of-Science-Engineering-and-Technology, WORLD ACAD SCI, ENG & TECH-WASET, Bangkok, THAILAND, pp. 368-+.

Yan, Y, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'A Direct Torque Controlled Surface Mounted PMSM Drive with Initial Rotor Position Estimation Based on Structural and Saturation Saliencies', 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, IEEE.
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Yan, Y, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'A Direct Torque Controlled Surface Mounted PMSM Drive with Initial Rotor Position Estimation Based on Structural and Saturation Saliencies', 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, IEEE, New Orleans, USA, pp. 683-689.
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For a practical direct torque controlled (DTC) permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system, the information of the initial rotor position, which is usually obtained by a mechanical position sensor, is essential for starting under the full load. In order to avoid the disadvantages of using mechanical position sensors, great efforts have been made on the development of sensorless control schemes. This paper presents an initial rotor position estimation scheme for a DTC PMSM drive based on a nonlinear model of PMSM incorporating both structural and saturation saliencies. Firstly, the performance of the estimation scheme is simulated within Matlab/Simulink environment. Based on the simulation results, the estimation scheme has been investigated. Experiments have also been carried out to identify the initial rotor position of a surface mounted PMSM (SPMSM). In the experiment, specially designed high voltage pulses are applied to amplify the saturation saliencies. The peak currents corresponding to the voltage pulses are used, in combination with the inductance patterns, to determine the d-axis position and the polarity of the rotor. Finally, the presented initial rotor position identification strategy has been implemented in a sensorless DTC drive for an SPMSM. Experiments are conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the method and the performance of the drive system.

Yang, J & Zhang, J 1970, 'Offline Swimmer Cap Tracking Using Trajectory Interpolation', 9th Biennial Conference of the Australian Pattern Recognition Society on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications (DICTA 2007), 9th Biennial Conference of the Australian Pattern Recognition Society on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications (DICTA 2007), IEEE, pp. 579-585.
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In this paper, we present a preliminary attempt to solve the difficult problem of tracking swimmer cap in swimming videos to facilitate swimmer performance assessment. Due to the great challenges posed by moving camera and severe figure-background occlusions, an offline approach based on trajectory interpolation is adopted. Firstly, each frame is searched for hypothesized positions of the target cap using mean shift mode seeking. Secondly, most outliers due to ambiguities and noise are eliminated using lane constraints, and the hypothesis in the space-time volume are clustered into trajectory segments based on a spatial and temporal closeness criteria. Finally, cubic spline trajectory interpolation is used to infer the target cap position in occluded frames. Experiments show that satisfying tracking results are achieved by our approach. © 2007 IEEE.

Yang, L, Guo, B & Ni, W 1970, 'Multifocus Image Fusion Algorithm Based on Contourlet Decomposition and Region Statistics', Fourth International Conference on Image and Graphics (ICIG 2007), Fourth International Conference on Image and Graphics (ICIG 2007), IEEE, PEOPLES R CHINA, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, pp. 707-+.
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Yi Sun, Yilin Song, Jinglin Shi & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Research on bandwidth reservation in IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) networks', 2007 IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications and Malaysia International Conference on Communications, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications and Malaysia International Conference on Communications, IEEE, pp. 638-643.
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According to the characteristics and QoS requirements of different types of service flows, this paper proposes a dynamic, prediction-based, multi-class, adaptive bandwidth reservation scheme for IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) networks. The scheme adopts different bandwidth reservation and admission control policies to different types of service flows and therefore guarantees that the real-time sessions have higher priorities than non real-time sessions and that handover sessions have higher priorities than new sessions. In addition, a bandwidth reservation adaptation algorithm is also proposed. The algorithm adjusts the amount of bandwidth reserved for handover sessions according to the current network conditions thus creating a balance between new session blocking rate and handover session dropping rate. ©2007 IEEE.

Yilin Song, Yi Sun, Min Liu & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Comparative analysis of resource reservation cost for different RSVP extension schemes in mobile environments', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, pp. 1331-1336.
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In wireless networks, advanced resource reservation becomes a necessary requirement for fast handover with QoS guarantee because of the mobility of nodes. However, advanced resource reservation would unavoidably lead to system resource wasting. In this paper, taking the representative RSVP extension schemes with mobility support, MRSVP, Multicast RSVP and Fast RSVP as examples, we analyze factors affecting resource reservation costs and present formalized expressions of reservation costs for these different resource reservation schemes. On this basis, we quantify and compare the reservation costs for different resource reservation schemes, and then give recommendations on resource reservation schemes design for mobile environments. © 2007 IEEE.

Yiping Dou, Youguang Guo & Jianguo Zhu 1970, 'Investigation of motor topologies for SMC application', 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE.
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Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Use of a Variable Wordlength Technique in an OFDM Receiver to Reduce Energy Dissipation', 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE.
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Yousef, B, Hoang, DB & Rogers, G 1970, 'Network programmability for VPN overlay construction and bandwidth management', ACTIVE NETWORKS, IFIP International Working Conference, Springer, Kansas, USA, pp. 114-125.
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Reliability and security concerns have increased demand for Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). Ideally, a VPN service should offer autonomous overlay networks with guaranteed bandwidth allocations over a shared network. Network providers seek an automated VPN creation and management process, while users of a VPN would greatly benefit from secure control over the handling of their traffic. Currently, network infrastructure does not support such partitioning services and, due to its static nature, it cannot be adapted to meet such new demands. Active and Programmable Network research has developed a number of adaptable architectures. However, its current focus is on theoretical service deployment rather than on applicability to large and shared networking environments. This paper presents the application of a new programmable architecture to enable on-demand VPN construction, bandwidth management, and secure autonomous VPN control onto shared commercial infrastructure.

Yu, K & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Efficient Location Estimators in NLOS Environments', 2007 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2007 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, IEEE.
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In the paper we consider location estimation in an non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environment. A constrained optimization based location algorithm is proposed to jointly estimate the unknown location and bias by using the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm. This method does not rely on any prior statistics information, and simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing related methods considerably. To reduce the complexity of the SQP based algorithm, we further propose a Taylor-series expansion based linear quadratic programming (TS-LQP) algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the computational complexity of the TS-LQP algorithm is only a fraction of that of the SQP algorithm while the accuracy loss is marginal. © 2007 IEEE.

Yu, K & Guo, YJ 1970, 'NLOS Error Mitigation for Mobile Location Estimation in Wireless Networks', 2007 IEEE 65th Vehicular Technology Conference - VTC2007-Spring, 2007 IEEE 65th Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE, pp. 1071-1075.
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Most radio positioning methods are based on the measurements of distance between different wireless nodes. Owing to the existence of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) radio propagation, unfortunately, not all the measured distances are reliable. One way to tackle the problem of positioning is therefore to take two-steps: (i) identifying the NLOS measurements; (ii) smart signal processing of the mixed LOS and NLOS measurements. This paper is focused on the second issue. Under the assumption that the NLOS measurements have been identified, we first propose a simple method to suppress the effect of the NLOS error. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves similar or better accuracy than several other known methods and the computational complexity is reduced considerably. We also present an optimal location estimator under the assumption of Gaussian distributed measurement noise and Rayleigh distributed NLOS error. Although it is difficult to achieve the optimal performance in practice due to modeling uncertainties, the optimal estimator provides a performance benchmark. © 2007 IEEE.

Yu, S & Li, Z 1970, 'Massive Data Delivery in Unstructured Peer-to-Peer Networks with Network Coding', 6th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science (ICIS 2007), 6th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science (ICIS 2007), IEEE, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 592-+.
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Yuedong Zhan, Jianguo Zhu, Youguang Guo & Hua Wang 1970, 'Design of an active power factor converter for ups with backup proton exchange membrane fuel cell/battery', 2007 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2007 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Perth, Australia, pp. 435-440.
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Yuedong Zhan, Jianguo Zhu, Youguang Guo & Hua Wang 1970, 'Development of a single-phase high frequency UPS with backup PEM fuel cell and battery', 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE.
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Yusop, N, Mehboob, Z & Zowghi, D 1970, 'The Role of Conducting Stakeholder Meeting in Requirements Engineering Techniques', Second International Workshop on the Requirements Engineering Education and Training (REET) in conjuction with RE07, International Workshop on the Requirements Engineering Education and Training, IEEE Computer Society, Dehli, India, pp. 48-55.

Zhan, Y, Zhu, J, Gu, Y & Wang, H 1970, 'Design of an active power factor converter for UPS with backup proton exchange membrane fuel cell/battery', 2007 AUSTRALASIAN UNIVERSITIES POWER ENGINEERING, VOLS 1-2, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), IEEE, Curtin Univ Technol, Perth, AUSTRALIA, pp. 316-+.

Zhan, Y, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Jin, J 1970, 'Control of proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on fuzzy logic', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 26TH CHINESE CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOL 4, 26th Chinese Control Conference, BEIJING UNIV AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PRESS, Zhangjiajie, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 345-349.

Zhan, Y, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Wang, H 1970, 'A PEMFC/battery hybrid UPS system for backup and emergency power applications', 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVE SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4, 7th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS 2007), IEEE, Bangkok, THAILAND, pp. 1662-+.

Zhan, Y, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Wang, H 1970, 'A PEMFC/Battery Hybrid UPS System for Backup and Emergency Power Applications', 2007 7th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2007 7th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, IEEE, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 1513-1517.
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This paper presents the development of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and battery hybrid uninterruptible power system (UPS) for backup and emergency power applications. A sixty-cell PEMFC stack is employed as the main power source at normal load and a 3-cell lead-acid battery is employed as the auxiliary power of the UPS at overload or during the PEMFC startup. The PEMFC consists of two valves for the hydrogen input and output respectively, a mass flow controller to adjust the hydrogen mass flow, and a pressure sensor to control the hydrogen pressure, and their control units for the management of the whole system. The design procedures of the UPS hybrid system are discussed. Experimental setups are presented and the experimental results verify the performances of the PEMFC/battery hybrid power source and the UPS system under the condition of computer load. The developed UPS system proves to be a cost-effective solution for backup and emergency power applications.

Zhan, Y, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Wang, H 1970, 'Development of a single-phase high frequency UPS with backup PEM fuel cell and battery', Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS 2007, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, Korea, pp. 1840-1844.
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This paper presents a 300 W single-phase high frequency uninterrupted power supply (UPS) with backup proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and battery, DC/AC inverter, DC/DC converter, AC/DC rectifier, and AC/DC recharger. The principle and structure of the PEMFC/battery hybrid UPS system are introduced and discussed. Key practical techniques of the design are presented, including the design of the PEMFC generating system, the control technique of the AC/DC rectifier, AC/DC recharger, DC/AC inverter and DC/DC converter based on a microcomputer MC68HC11K4 and other integrated circuit chips. Experimental results show that during the switching process from battery to PEMFC, and vice versa, the UPS can provide an uninterrupted alternate voltage for the load, with low cost, low weight, small volume and size, great reliability and maintainability.

Zhan, Y, Zhu, J, Guo, Y & Wang, H 1970, 'Development of a single-phase high frequency UPS with backup PEM fuel cell and battery', 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 848-+.

Zhang, G, Lu, J & Dillon, T 1970, 'Models and Algorithm for Fuzzy Multi-objective Multi-follower Linear Bilevel Programming', 2007 IEEE International Fuzzy Systems Conference, 2007 IEEE International Fuzzy Systems Conference, IEEE, Imperial College, London, UK, pp. 1-6.
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Basic bilevel programming deals with hierarchical optimization problems in which the leader at the upper level attempts to optimize his/her objective, subject to a set of constraints and his/her follower's solution, and the follower at the lower level tries to find an optimized strategy according to each of possible decisions made by the leader. Three issues may be involved in a basic bilevel decision problem. One is that bilevel decision making model may involve uncertain parameters which appear either in the objective functions or constraints of the leader or the follower or both. Second, the leader and the follower may have multiple conflict objectives that should be optimized simultaneously. Third, there may have multiple followers in a real decision situation. Following our previous work, this study proposes a set of fuzzy multi-objective multi-follower linear bilevel programming models to describe the three issues. It also develops an approximation Branch-and-bound algorithm to solve such kinds of problems. © 2007 IEEE.

Zhang, G, Lu, J, Zeng, X & PRess, A 1970, 'Models and algorithms for fuzzy multi-objective multi-follower linear bilevel programming in a partial cooperative situation', PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING (ISKE 2007), International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering, Atlantis Press, Chengdu, China, pp. 382-389.
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Basic bilevel programming deals with hierarchical optimization problems in which the leader at the upper level attempts to optimize his/her objective, subject to a set of constraints and his/her followers solution, and the follower at the lower level tries to find an optimized strategy according to each of possible decisions made by the leader. Three issues may be involved in a basic bilevel decision problem. One is that bilevel decision making model may involve uncertain parameters which appear either in the objective functions or constraints of the leader or the follower or both. Second, the leader and the follower may have multiple conflict objectives that should be optimized simultaneously. Third, there may have multiple followers and partial shared their decision variables among followers in a real decision situation. Following our previous work, this study proposes a set of fuzzy multi-objective multi-follower linear bilevel programming models to describe the three issues. It also develops an approximation branch-and-bound algorithm to solve such kinds of problems

Zhang, G, Zhang, G, Ma, J & Zhou, C 1970, 'Three Real-Coded Genetic Algorithms With New Mutation Operators', Proceedings on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering (ISKE2007), International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering 2007, Atlantis Press, Chengdu, China, pp. 531-534.
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Local search is mainly implemented by the reproduction and crossover operation, global search is assured by the mutation operation in conventional genetic algorithm. In order to enhance the global search ability, three new mutation operators are proposed based on the idea that big change into small and small change into big for gene bit selected at random. The experimental verification shows that the proposed new genetic algorithms with new mutation operators are effective in seeking for the global optimal solutions.

Zhang, K, Tsang, IW & Kwok, JT 1970, 'Maximum margin clustering made practical', Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Machine learning, ICML '07 & ILP '07: The 24th Annual International Conference on Machine Learning held in conjunction with the 2007 International Conference on Inductive Logic Programming, ACM, pp. 1119-1126.
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Maximum margin clustering (MMC) is a recent large margin unsupervised learning approach that has often outperformed conventional clustering methods. Computationally, it involves non-convex optimization and has to be relaxed to different semidefinite programs (SDP). However, SDP solvers are computationally very expensive and only small data sets can be handled by MMC so far. To make MMC more practical, we avoid SDP relaxations and propose in this paper an efficient approach that performs alternating optimization directly on the original non-convex problem. A key step to avoid premature convergence is on the use of SVR with the Laplacian loss, instead of SVM with the hinge loss, in the inner optimization subproblem. Experiments on a number of synthetic and real-world data sets demonstrate that the proposed approach is often more accurate, much faster and can handle much larger data sets.

Zhang, Y & Xu, G 1970, 'On web communities mining and analysis', 3rd International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge, and Grid, SKG 2007, Third International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge and Grid (SKG 2007), IEEE, Shan Xi, China, pp. 20-25.
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Due to the lack of a uniform schema for web documents and the sheer amount and dynamics of web data, both the effectiveness and the efficiency of information management and retrieval of web data is often unsatisfactory when using conventional data management and searching techniques. To address this issue, we have adopted web mining and web community analysis approaches. Based on the analysis of web document contents, hyperlinks analysis, user access logs and semantic analysis, we have developed various approaches or algorithms to construct and analyze web communities, and to make recommendations. This paper will introduce and discuss various approaches on web community mining and recommendation. © 2007 IEEE.

Zhang, Z & Piccardi, M 1970, 'A review of tracking methods under occlusions', Proceedings of IAPR Conference on Machine Vision Applications, MVA 2007, Machine Vision Applications, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 146-149.
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Object tracking in computer vision refers to the task of tracking individual moving objects accurately from one frame to another in an image sequence. Several tracking methods have been proposed in the recent literature capable of coping with a certain degree of occlusions of the objects. However, no comparative analysis of such methods has been presented to date and both the expert and the newcomer to this area may be confused about the relative effectiveness of each method when compared under the same level of complexity of the dynamic scene. In order to fulfill this need, this paper proposes a set of analysis criteria and provides a comparative review of the main recent tracking methods, in particular with respect to their capability of tracking objects under occlusions.

Zhang, Z & Zhou, JL 1970, 'ENVR 50-Determination of estrogenic and pharmaceutical chemicals in sewage effluent and receiving river water by spot and passive sampling', ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, AMER CHEMICAL SOC.

Zhao, JD, Sheng, DC & Sloan, SW 1970, 'Microstructural effect on the cavity expansion in a soil cylinder', Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Numerical Models in Geomechanics NUMOG 10 - Numerical Models in Geomechanics NUMOG 10, 10th International Symposium on Numerical Models in Geomechanics (NUMOG X), TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, Rhodes, GREECE, pp. 715-720.
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This paper presents an elastoplastic analysis for cavity expansion in a soil cylinder. Emphasis here is laid on the influence of microstructures in the soil on the macroscopic behaviour of the cavity expansion. In doing so, a strain gradient plasticity model is employed to model the soil behaviour in the cylinder. A numerical shooting method is developed to solve the resulting fourth-order ordinary differential equation with two-point boundary conditions for the gradient-dependent problem. Fully elastic-plastic solutions to the cavity expansion are obtained and they are compared with the corresponding conventional results. It is demonstrated that, in consideration of microstructural effects, the deformation and stress distributions in the cylinder are highly inhomogeneous during both the initial loading and the subsequent elastic and plastic expansion stages. The overall elastic-plastic behaviour of the gradient-dependent cylinder depends on the material parameters as well as the cylinder thickness. Interesting scale effects are observed and interpreted by the gradient-dependent model whereas this would be impossible by the corresponding conventional modeling. The results in this paper can be useful for benchmarking further numerical investigations of the cavity expansion problem. © 2007 Taylor & Francis Group.

Zhao, Y, Zhang, H, Figueiredo, F, Cao, L & Zhang, C 1970, 'Mining for combined association rules on multiple datasets', Proceedings of the 2007 international workshop on Domain driven data mining, KDD07: The 13th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, ACM, San Jose, USA, pp. 18-23.
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Many organisations have their digital information stored in a distributed systems structure scheme, be it in different locations, using vertically and horizontally distributed repositories, which brings about an high level of complexity to data mining. From a classical data mining view, where the algorithms expect a denormalised structure to be able to operate on, heterogeneous data sources, such as static demographic and dynamic transactional data are to be manipulated and integrated to the extent commercial association rules algorithms can be applied. Bearing in mind the usefulness and understandability of the application from a business perspective, combined rules of multiple patterns derived from different repositories, containing historical and point in time data, were used to produce new techniques in association mining applied to debt recovery. Initially debt repayment patterns were discovered using transactional data and class labels defined by domain expertise, then demographic patterns were attached to each of the class labels. After combining the patterns, two type of rules were discovered leading to different results: 1) same demographic pattern with different repayment patterns, and 2) same repayment pattern with different demographic patterns. The rules produced are interesting, valuable, complete and understandable, which shows the applicability and effectiveness of the new method.

Zhe Ren, Xu Fang, Shuhong Wang, Jie Qiu, Jian Guo Zhu, Youguang Guo, Xiaofeng Yang, Ha, JH, Zhenyu Wang, Yingke Sun & Jiunan Zhang 1970, 'Design Optimization of an Interior-type Permanent Magnet BLDC Motor using PSO and Improved MEC', 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2007 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE.
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Zheng, L, He, S, Wu, Q & Hintz, TB 1970, 'Number Plate Recognition without Segmentation', Proceedings of Image and Vision Computing New Zealand 2007, Image and Vision Computing Conference, Image and Vision Computing New Zealand, Hamilton, New Zealand, pp. 164-168.

Zhongxin, W, Dongbo, Y, Yongjian, W, Bingheng, Y & Depei, Q 1970, 'Context-Aware Web Service Selection Based on Multi-aspects Regulating', The 2nd IEEE Asia-Pacific Service Computing Conference (APSCC 2007), The 2nd IEEE Asia-Pacific Service Computing Conference (APSCC 2007), IEEE, Tsukuba science city, Japan, pp. 33-39.
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IEEE computer society conference publishing services (CPS)

Zhou, J, Wang, Z & Xiao, C 1970, 'Perceptive Factors for Volume Visualization in Medical Image Analysis', 2007 IEEE/ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering, 2007 IEEE/ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering, IEEE, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 579-585.
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Zhou, JL, Maskaoui, K & Hibberd, A 1970, 'ENVR 197-Colloid-facilitated transport of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and natural waters', ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, AMER CHEMICAL SOC.

Zhou, S, Liu, R, Everitt, D & Zic, J 1970, 'A²-MAC: an application adaptive medium access control protocol for data collections in wireless sensor networks', 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2007 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1131-1136.
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Zhou, W, Miro, JV & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Information efficient 3D visual SLAM in unstructured domains', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SENSORS, SENSOR NETWORKS AND INFORMATION PROCESSING, International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, IEEE, Melbourne, Victoria, pp. 323-328.
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This paper presents a strategy for increasing the efficiency of simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) in unknown and unstructured environments using a vision-based sensory package. Traditional feature-based SLAM, using either the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) or its dual, the Extended Information Filter (EIF), leads to heavy computational costs while the environment expands and the number of features increases. In this paper we propose an algorithm to reduce computational cost for real-time systems by giving robots the 'intelligence' to select, out of the steadily collected data, the maximally informative observations to be used in the estimation process. We show that, although the actual evaluation of information gain for each frame introduces an additional computational cost, the overall efficiency is significantly increased by keeping the matrix compact. The noticeable advantage of this strategy is that the continuously gathered data is not heuristically segmented prior to be input to the filter. Quite the opposite, the scheme lends itself to be statistically optimal. © 2007 IEEE.

Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Lin, Z & Huang, Y 1970, 'Advanced SMC Motors and Drive Techniques', Proceedings of 2nd International Forum on Systems and Mechatronics, International Forum on Systems and Mechatronics, organisers of the International Forum on Systems and Mechatronics, Tainan, Taiwan, pp. 1-7.

Zhu, X & Hao, H 1970, 'Dynamic assessment of highway bridges under operating vehicle loads', Structural Health Monitoring 2007: Quantification, Validation, and Implementation - Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, IWSHM 2007, 6th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC, Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA, pp. 821-828.
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This study presents a novel method to extract the damage information from the response of a bridge induced by operating vehicles. A new damage index based on the spatial curvature shape is defined to estimate the location and extend of damage. Numerical simulation shows the method is reliable and effective to assess the condition of highway bridges. The results also show the operating vehicle loads could be utilized to reduce the required number of sensors. The proposed method has the potential of detecting damages using vehicle response of highway bridges with small number of sensors and without interrupting the traffic flow.

Zhu, XQ & Hao, H 1970, 'Damage assessment of a two-span RC slab using wavelet analysis', Modeling, Signal Processing, and Control for Smart Structures 2007, The 14th International Symposium on: Smart Structures and Materials & Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, SPIE, San Diego, CA.
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Zhu, XQ & Hao, H 1970, 'Damage detection of RC slabs using nonlinear vibration features', STRUCTURAL CONDITION ASSESSMENT, MONITORING AND IMPROVEMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2, 2nd International Conference on Structural Condition Assessment, Monitoring and Improvement (SCAMI-2), SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING, Changsha, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 517-523.

Zhu, XQ & Hao, H 1970, 'Dynamic assessment of undersea pipeline bedding condition', SPIE Proceedings, The 14th International Symposium on: Smart Structures and Materials & Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, SPIE, San Diego, CA.
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Zhu, XQ & Hao, H 1970, 'Structural damage detection using wavelet support vector machine', Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series.
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Based on wavelet packet decomposition and conditions of the support vector kernel function, a nonlinear wavelet basis is introduced to construct the kernel function of support vector machine (SVM). A tighten wavelet support vector machine (WSVM), which has strong generalization ability is also obtained. In this study, a novel damage classification method based on wavelet support vector machine is developed for structural health monitoring. The response signals of a structure under an impact load are normalized and then decomposed into wavelet packet components. Energies of these wavelet packet components are then calculated as the feature vectors. The feature vectors are used for training and classification of the inputs of the tighten SVM. Then, the structural damage location and extent is determined by prediction. Numerical study is carried out on a simply supported beam. Accelerations of the structure under impact loads are analysed. Results show that the method can be reliably used for damage monitoring and assessment of the structures.

Zhu, XQ, Hao, H & Peng, XL 1970, 'An experimental study of structure modal properties in different operational environments', STRUCTURAL CONDITION ASSESSMENT, MONITORING AND IMPROVEMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2, 2nd International Conference on Structural Condition Assessment, Monitoring and Improvement (SCAMI-2), SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING, Changsha, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1055-1061.

Zhu, XQ, Hao, H, Peng, XL & Cheng, L 1970, 'Dynamic assessment of underwater pipeline systems using finite element model updating', STRUCTURAL CONDITION ASSESSMENT, MONITORING AND IMPROVEMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2, 2nd International Conference on Structural Condition Assessment, Monitoring and Improvement (SCAMI-2), SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING, Changsha, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 663-669.

Zhu, Y, Lee, J & Seshia, A 1970, 'MEMS Electrometer System Simulation using a Time-Domain Variable Capacitor Model', TRANSDUCERS 2007 - 2007 International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, TRANSDUCERS 2007 - 2007 International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, IEEE.
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Cignoni, P, Pietroni, N, Malomo, L & Scopigno, R 2007, 'Research and Innovation', pp. 44-44.

Duffield, NG, Arya, V & Veitch, DN 2007, 'Multicast-based inference of temporal delay characteristics in packet data networks', Google Patents.

Leonardo, RD, Ruocco, G, Leach, J, Padgett, MJ, Wright, AJ, Girkin, JM, Burnham, DR & McGloin, D 2007, 'Parametric Resonance of Optically Trapped Aerosols'.

Ling, SS 2007, 'Real-coded genetic algorithm based variable feed-forward neural networks and their applications'.

Lu, J, Ruan, D & Zhang, G 2007, 'E-Service Intelligence Methodologies, Technologies and Applications', Springer Science & Business Media.
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E-Service. Intelligence: An. Introduction. # # Jie Lu, Da Ruan*, and Guangquan Zhang #Faculty of Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS) PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. Email: {jielu ...