Abolhasan, M, Wysocki, T & Dutkiewicz, E 2004, 'A review of routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks', Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-22.
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The 1990s have seen a rapid growth of research interests in mobile ad hoc networking. The infrastructureless and the dynamic nature of these networks demands new set of networking strategies to be implemented in order to provide efficient end-to-end communication. This, along with the diverse application of these networks in many different scenarios such as battlefield and disaster recovery, have seen MANETs being researched by many different organisations and institutes. MANETs employ the traditional TCP/IP structure to provide end-to-end communication between nodes. However, due to their mobility and the limited resource in wireless networks, each layer in the TCP/IP model require redefinition or modifications to function efficiently in MANETs. One interesting research area in MANET is routing. Routing in the MANETs is a challenging task and has received a tremendous amount of attention from researches. This has led to development of many different routing protocols for MANETs, and each author of each proposed protocol argues that the strategy proposed provides an improvement over a number of different strategies considered in the literature for a given network scenario. Therefore, it is quite difficult to determine which protocols may perform best under a number of different network scenarios, such as increasing node density and traffic. In this paper, we provide an overview of a wide range of routing protocols proposed in the literature. We also provide a performance comparison of all routing protocols and suggest which protocols may perform best in large networks.
Adistambha, K, Ritz, CH, Lukasiak, J & Burnett, IS 2004, 'An Investigation into Embedded Audio Coding Using An AAC Perceptually Lossless Base Layer', Proceedings of Tenth Australian International Conference on Speech Science and Technology (SST2004), pp. 227-230.
Agrawal, A & Sharma, A 2004, 'Perfectly matched layer in numerical wave propagation: factors that affect its performance', Applied Optics, vol. 43, no. 21, pp. 4225-4225.
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Apkarian, P, Noll, D, Thevenet, J-B & Duong Tuan, H 2004, 'A Spectral Quadratic-SDP Method with Applications to Fixed-Order H2 and H∞ Synthesis', European Journal of Control, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 527-538.
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Apkarian, P, Noll, D, Thevenet, JB & Tuan, HD 2004, 'A spectral quadratic-SDP method with applications to fixed-order H 2 and H∞ synthesis', 2004 5th Asian Control Conference, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 1337-1345.
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In this paper, we discuss a spectral quadratic-SDP method for the iterative resolution of fixed-order H2 and H∞ design problems. These problems can be cast as regular SDP programs with additional nonlinear equality constraints. When the inequalities are absorbed into a Lagrangian function the problem reduces to solving a sequence of SDPs with quadratic objective function for which a spectral SDP method has been developed. Along with a description of the spectral SDP method used to solve the tangent subproblems, we report a number of computational results for validation purposes.
Boord, P, Barriskill, A, Craig, A & Nguyen, H 2004, 'Brain–Computer Interface—FES Integration: Towards a Hands-free Neuroprosthesis Command System', Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 267-276.
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This paper presents a critical review of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and their potential for neuroprosthetic applications. Summaries are provided for the command interface requirements of hand grasp, multijoint, and lower extremity neuroprostheses, and the characteristics of various BCIs are discussed in relation to these requirements. The review highlights the current limitations of BCIs and areas of research that need to be addressed to enhance BCI-FES integration.
Bremner, MJ, Dodd, JL, Nielsen, MA & Bacon, D 2004, 'Fungible dynamics: There are only two types of entangling multiple-qubit interactions', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 69, no. 1.
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Brown, LD, Ray, AS & Thomas, PS 2004, 'Elemental analysis of Australian amorphous banded opals by laser-ablation ICP-MS', Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte, no. 9, pp. 411-424.
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Several banded Australian opal-AG samples were analysed by laser ablation ICP-MS. The banded opals studied contained darker-coloured black or grey bands adjacent to lighter-coloured white or clear bands. The elemental distribution between bands indicated that darker-coloured bands contained significantly higher concentrations of transition elements (Ti, Co, V, Ni, Cu, Zn and Y) and rare-earth elements (La, Ce) than lighter-coloured bands. A solution depletion model, involving the charge-neutralisation of silica collóids by highly-charged transition metal cations, is proposed to explain these results. Irrespective of the origin of the opal, the distribution of trace elements for the white, translucent and play of colour opal bands was observed to be similar. This similarity was consistent with the proposed model. © 2004 E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, D-70176 Stuttgart.
Brown, LD, Ray, AS & Thomas, PS 2004, 'Elemental analysis of Australian amorphous banded opals by laser-ablation ICP-MS', NEUES JAHRBUCH FUR MINERALOGIE-MONATSHEFTE, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 411-424.
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Buist, M, Bernard, S, Nguyen, TV, Moore, G & Anderson, J 2004, 'Association between clinically abnormal observations and subsequent in-hospital mortality: a prospective study', Resuscitation, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 137-141.
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Cai, X, Lei, QP, Lamb, DH, Shannon, A, Jacoby, J, Kruk, J, Kensinger, RD, Ryall, R, Zablackis, E & Cash, P 2004, 'LC/MS Characterization of Meningococcal Depolymerized Polysaccharide Group C Reducing Endgroup and Internal Repeating Unit', Analytical Chemistry, vol. 76, no. 24, pp. 7387-7390.
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Hydrogen peroxide has been used to cleave the native Neisseria meningiditis polysaccharide (PS) from mega-Dalton molecular weight to a smaller size (∼20 kDa) depolymerized polysaccharide. The polysaccharide was examined after partial peroxide depolymerization to verify the presence of the carboxyl group at position 1 and the intactness of the internal sialic acid repeating units. The reducing end group of meningococcal polysaccharide type C was also examined after derivatization by L-tyrosine hydrazide. Partial peroxide depolymerization did not result in loss of the position 1 carboxyl group at the reducing end of the polysaccharide. In addition, no loss of structural integrity was noted for the internal sialic repeat units.
Cao, HG & Ying, MS 2004, 'Local discrimination of maximally entangled states in canonical form', PHYSICS LETTERS A, vol. 333, no. 3-4, pp. 232-234.
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It is shown that two copies are enough to distinguish a complete basis of maximally entangled states in canonical form by constructing an explicit protocol. In particular, in such a protocol, no auxiliary system is needed and the symmetrical roles of cer
Chan, QR, Bilke, S, Wei, JS, Whiteford, CC, Cenacchi, N, Krasnoselsky, AL, Greer, BT, Son, CG, Westermann, F, Berthold, F, Schwab, M, Catchpoole, D & Khan, J 2004, 'cDNA array-CGH profiling identifies genomic alterations specific to stage and MYCN-amplification in neuroblastoma', BMC Genomics, vol. 5.
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Background: Recurrent non-random genomic alterations are the hallmarks of cancer and the characterization of these imbalances is critical to our understanding of tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Results: We performed array-comparative genomic hybridization (A-CGH) on cDNA microarrays containing 42,000 elements in neuroblastoma (NB). We found that only two chromosomes (2p and 12q) had gene amplifications and all were in the MYCN amplified samples. There were 6 independent non-contiguous amplicons (10.4-69.4 Mb) on chromosome 2, and the largest contiguous region was 1.7 Mb bounded by NAG and an EST (clone: 757451); the smallest region was 27 Kb including an EST (clone: 241343), NCYM, and MYCN. Using a probabilistic approach to identify single copy number changes, we systemically investigated the genomic alterations occurring in Stage 1 and Stage 4 NBs with and without MYCN amplification (stage 1-, 4-, and 4+). We have not found genomic alterations universally present in all (100%) three subgroups of NBs. However we identified both common and unique patterns of genomic imbalance in NB including gain of 7q32, 17q21, 17q23-24 and loss of 3p21 were common to all three categories. Finally we confirm that the most frequent specific changes in Stage 4+ tumors were the loss of 1p36 with gain of 2p24-25 and they had fewer genomic alterations compared to either stage 1 or 4-, indicating that for this subgroup of poor risk NB requires a smaller number of genomic changes are required to develop the malignant phenotype. Conclusions: cDNA A-CGH analysis is an efficient method for the detection and characterization of amplicons. Furthermore we were able to detect single copy number changes using our probabilistic approach and identified genomic alterations specific to stage and MYCN amplification. © 2004 Chen et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Chang, KP, Center, JR, Nguyen, TV & Eisman, JA 2004, 'Incidence of Hip and Other Osteoporotic Fractures in Elderly Men and Women: Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 532-536.
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Abstract In this prospective 12-year study in men and women 60 years of age and older, there was a 4–6% per year reduction in the incidence rate of overall osteoporotic fractures, but the study was unable to exclude any change in the hip fracture incidence rate. Approximately one-half of hip fractures occurred before 80 years in men and two-thirds before 85 years in women. The age distribution of hip fractures underlines the need for earlier intervention in osteoporosis. Introduction: Although hip fracture is the major osteoporotic fracture in terms of health outcomes, quality of life, and costs, there is a paucity of long-term data on secular changes in men and women within a defined community. This long-term prospective population-based study over 12 years from 1989 to 2000 specifically examined the age distribution and secular changes in the incidence rates of hip and other osteoporotic fractures in men and women 60 years of age and older in a predominantly white population in Dubbo, Australia. Materials and Methods: Hip and all other clinical fractures were ascertained by reviewing all radiography reports from the two area radiology services, ensuring complete ascertainment of all clinical osteoporotic fractures. Results and Conclusion: Among the 1055 symptomatic atraumatic fractures (after excluding pathological fractures), there was a significant reduction in the overall fracture incidence rate in women (4% per year; p = 0.0003) and men (6% per year; p = 0.0004) over the 12 years. There were 229 hip fractures (175 in women and 54 in men) within 39,357 person-years of observation. The overall rate ± SE of hip fracture was 759 ± 57 per 100,000 person-years in women and 329 ± 45 per 100,000 person-years in men, with an exponential increase with age. With advancing age, the incidence rate of hip fractures in m...
Chen, Q-R, Bilke, S, Wei, JS, Whiteford, CC, Cenacchi, N, Krasnoselsky, AL, Greer, BT, Son, C-G, Westermann, F, Berthold, F, Schwab, M, Catchpoole, D & Khan, J 2004, 'cDNA array-CGH profiling identifies genomic alterations specific to stage and MYCN-amplification in neuroblastoma', BMC Genomics, vol. 5, no. 1.
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Abstract Background Recurrent non-random genomic alterations are the hallmarks of cancer and the characterization of these imbalances is critical to our understanding of tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Results We performed array-comparative genomic hybridization (A-CGH) on cDNA microarrays containing 42,000 elements in neuroblastoma (NB). We found that only two chromosomes (2p and 12q) had gene amplifications and all were in the MYCN amplified samples. There were 6 independent non-contiguous amplicons (10.4–69.4 Mb) on chromosome 2, and the largest contiguous region was 1.7 Mb bounded by NAG and an EST (clone: 757451); the smallest region was 27 Kb including an EST (clone: 241343), NCYM, and MYCN. Using a probabilistic approach to identify single copy number changes, we systemically investigated the genomic alterations occurring in Stage 1 and Stage 4 NBs with and without MYCN amplification (stage 1-, 4-, and 4+). We have not found genomic alterations universally present in all (100%) three subgroups of NBs. However we identified both common and unique patterns of genomic imbalance in NB including gain of 7q32, 17q21, 17q23-24 and loss of 3p21 were common to all three categories. Finally we confirm that the most frequent specific changes in Stage 4+ tumors were the loss of 1p36 with gain of 2p24-25 and they had fewer genomic alterations compared to either stage 1 or 4-, indicating that for this subgroup of poor risk NB requires a smaller number of genomic changes are required to develop the malignant phenotype. ...
Crowther, A, Zhang, N, Liu, DK & Jeyakumaran, JK 2004, 'Analysis and simulation of clutch engagement judder and stick-slip in automotive powertrain systems', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, vol. 218, no. 12, pp. 1427-1446.
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Clutch engagement judder and stick—slip are investigated analytically and numerically to examine the influencing factors on these phenomena. Models are developed for a four degree-of- freedom (4DOF) torsional system with slipping clutch and for a powertrain with automatic transmission system. Stability analysis is performed to demonstrate that clutch judder is dependent on the slope of the friction coefficient and the analysis is verified with numerical simulations. An algorithm for modelling stick—slip is developed and is used in numerical simulations which show that the likelihood of stick—slip is increased by clutch pressure fluctuations, judder approaching engagement, and external torque fluctuations. Numerical simulations for second to third gear up shifts demonstrate that the likelihood of stick—slip to occur from clutch engagement is increased by clutch applied pressure fluctuations, judder approaching engagement, and external torque fluctuations and that the likelihood of stick—slip occurring is decreased dramatically by applied pressure ramps proximus to the engagement point.
Cucchiara, R, Piccardi, M & Prati, A 2004, 'Neighbor Cache Prefetching for Multimedia Image and Video Processing', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 539-552.
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Damian, D, Zowghi, D, Vaidyanathasamy, L & Pal, Y 2004, 'An industrial case study of immediate benefits of requirements engineering process improvement at the Australian center for unisys software', EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, vol. 9, no. 1-2, pp. 45-75.
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This paper describes an industrial experience in process improvement at one of the Unisys development labs in Australia. Following a capability maturity model (CMM) mini-assessment, the organization is undertaking significant changes in the requirements management process, which include the introduction of group session approaches to requirements analysis and a structured method for writing requirements. An empirical evaluation which investigated other aspects of the process improvement than the CMM model indicates tangible benefits as well as perceived long-term benefits during design and testing. Findings confirm that a more thorough requirements analysis results in more clearly defined, better understood and specified requirements, and an enhanced ability to address the market needs and product strategy requirements. The catalyst behind these improvements included project management leadership, managing the human dimension, collaboration among stakeholders and senior management support.
Denford, M, Solomon, AI, Leaney, JR & O'Neill, T 2004, 'Modelling Architectural Abstraction with a Category of Poset Labelled Graphs', Journal of Universal Computer Science, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 1408-1428.
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The design of large, complex computer based systems, based on their architecture, will benefit from a formal system that is intuitive, scalable and accessible to practitioners. The work herein is based in graphs which are an efficient and intuitive way of encoding structure, the essence of architecture. A model of system architectures and architectural abstraction is proposed, using poset labelled graphs and their transformations. The poset labelled graph formalism closely models several important aspects of architectures, namely topology, type and levels of abstraction. The technical merits of the formalism are discussed in terms of the ability to express and use domain knowledge to ensure sensible refinements. An abstraction / refinement calculus is introduced and illustrated with a detailed usage scenario. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the formalism in terms of its rigour, expressiveness, simplicity and practicality.
Devitt, SJ, Fowler, AG & Hollenberg, LCL 2004, 'Robustness of Shor's algorithm', Quant. Inf. Comp., vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 616-629.
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Shor's factorisation algorithm is a combination of classical pre- andpost-processing and a quantum period finding (QPF) subroutine which allows anexponential speed up over classical factoring algorithms. We consider thestability of this subroutine when exposed to a discrete error model that actsto perturb the computational trajectory of a quantum computer. Through detailedstate vector simulations of an appropriate quantum circuit, we show that theerror locations within the circuit itself heavily influences the probability ofsuccess of the QPF subroutine. The results also indicate that the naiveestimate of required component precision is too conservative.
Dholakia, K, Little, H, Brown, CTA, Agate, B, McGloin, D, Paterson, L & Sibbett, W 2004, 'Imaging in optical micromanipulation using two-photon excitation', New Journal of Physics, vol. 6, pp. 136-136.
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Dillon, TS, Chang, E & Hussain, FK 2004, 'Managing the dynamic nature of trust', IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 79-82.
Ding, G & Langston, C 2004, 'Multiple Criteria Sustainability Modelling: Case Study on School Buildings', International Journal of Construction Management, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 13-26.
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Duan, R, Feng, Y & Ying, M 2004, 'An Equivalence of Entanglement-Assisted Transformation and Multiple-Copy Entanglement Transformation'.
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We examine the powers of entanglement-assisted transformation andmultiple-copy entanglement transformation. First, we find a sufficientcondition of when a given catalyst is useful in producing another specifictarget state. As an application of this condition, for any non-maximallyentangled bipartite pure state and any integer $n$ not less than 4, we are ableto explicitly construct a set of $n\times n$ quantum states which can beproduced by using the given state as a catalyst. Second, we prove that for anypositive integer $k$, entanglement-assisted transformation with $k\timesk$-dimensional catalysts is useful in producing a target state if and only ifmultiple-copy entanglement transformation with $k$ copies of state is useful inproducing the same target. Moreover, a necessary and sufficient condition forboth of them is obtained in terms of the Schmidt coefficients of the target.This equivalence of entanglement-assisted transformation and multiple-copyentanglement transformation implies many interesting properties of entanglementtransformation. Furthermore, these results are generalized to the case ofprobabilistic entanglement transformations.
Duan, RY, Ji, ZF, Feng, Y & Ying, MS 2004, 'Quantum operation quantum Fourier transform and semi-definite programming', PHYSICS LETTERS A, vol. 323, no. 1-2, pp. 48-56.
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We analyze a class of quantum operations based on a geometrical representation of d-level quantum system (or qudit for short). A sufficient and necessary condition of complete positivity, expressed in terms of the quantum Fourier transform, is found for
Duh, F-B & Lin, C-T 2004, 'Tracking a Maneuvering Target Using Neural Fuzzy Network', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 16-33.
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Duh, F-B, Juang, C-F & Lin, C-T 2004, 'A Neural Fuzzy Network Approach to Radar Pulse Compression', IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 15-20.
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Eager, DM 2004, 'New playground equipment standard released', Journal Institute of Public Works Engineering Australia, vol. December, pp. 1-4.
Eager, DM 2004, 'Playground Undersurfacing - Myths and Facts', Australian Amusement Association, Mobile News, vol. 6, no. 4:42, pp. 1-1.
Eager, DM 2004, 'The low down on playground undersurfacing', Landscape Australia, vol. 26(2), no. 54-56, pp. 1-2.
Eager, DM 2004, 'The Low Down On Playground Undersurfing', Journal of the Australian Institute of Landscape Architects, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 54-56.
Eager, DM 2004, 'The new Trampoline Standard springs into action', Journal Institute of Public Works Engineering Australia, vol. 39, no. June/July, pp. 39-39.
Eager, DM 2004, 'Treating timber playgrounds with caution', Journal Institute of Public Works Engineering Australia, vol. 58, no. Feb/March, pp. 58-58.
Epaarachchi, DC & Stewart, MG 2004, 'Human Error and Reliability of Multistory Reinforced-Concrete Building Construction', Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 12-20.
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This paper develops probabilistic and human reliability models to estimate the probability of structural collapse (system risk) during the construction of typical multistory reinforced-concrete buildings in the presence of human error. Results obtained from the human reliability analysis suggest that errors related to concrete cover and concreting workmanship are more detrimental to system risk than any other errors. Errors related to reinforcement area have a minor effect on system risk, provided that the existing effectiveness of engineering inspections is maintained. The results also show that errors related to installation of steel shores/reshores do not significantly affect the system risk.
Fathollahzadeh Aghdam, R & Sharma, D 2004, 'Rationale Behind Electricity Industry Reform in the ASEAN: A Review', Journal of Eghtessad-e-Energy, Energy Economics, vol. 58/59, pp. 27-32.
Feng, Y & Ying, MS 2004, 'Process algebra approach to reasoning about concurrent actions', JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 364-373.
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A reasonable transition rule is proposed for synchronized actions and some equational properties of bisimilarity and weak bisimilarity in the process algebra for reasoning about concurrent actions are presented.
Feng, Y, Duan, RY & Ying, MS 2004, 'When catalysis is useful for probabilistic entanglement transformation', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 1-5.
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We determine all 2x2 quantum states that can serve as useful catalysts for a given probabilistic entanglement transformation, in the sense that they can increase the maximal transformation probability. When higher-dimensional catalysts are considered, a
Feng, YA, Duan, RY & Ying, MS 2004, 'Unambiguous discrimination between mixed quantum states', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 70, no. 1.
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Feuerlicht, G & Vorisek, J 2004, 'Impact of the service model for delivering enterprise applications over the internet', International Journal of Information Technology and Management, vol. 3, no. 2/3/4, pp. 292-292.
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Many organisations are re-evaluating their approach to delivering enterprise applications, and are looking for ways to control IT costs. There is growing evidence of reluctance to fund large-scale implementation projects, and of tighter budgets forcing more careful cost-benefit analysis to justify IT investments. These efforts to control IT costs lead to consideration of alternative models for delivery of enterprise applications, such as the ASP (Application Service Provider) model. In this paper, we discuss the business drivers for application servicing and describe the benefits of this approach in the context of enterprise applications. We describe the enabling technological infrastructure for application servicing and associated business models for outsourced applications.
Fisher, J, Hu, XQ, Stewart, TD, Williams, S, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Stone, MH, Davies, C, Hatto, P, Bolton, J, Riley, M, Hardaker, C, Isaac, GH & BERRY, G 2004, 'Wear of surface engineered metal-on-metal hip prostheses', Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 225-235.
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Gabrys, B 2004, 'Special issue on integration of methods and hybrid systems', International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 203-204.
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Garcés-Chávez, V, Roskey, D, Summers, MD, Melville, H, McGloin, D, Wright, EM & Dholakia, K 2004, 'Optical levitation in a Bessel light beam', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 85, no. 18, pp. 4001-4003.
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A vertically oriented zero order Bessel light beam is shown to create a one-dimensional array of trapped particles over extended (millimeter) distances. The particles take up equilibrium positions over the entire length of the beam and this is a consequence of the interplay between optical scattering and the self-healing properties of the Bessel beam. This work has analogies to recent studies of optically bound matter and allows for the simple creation of one-dimensional particle chains and their subsequent spectroscopic analysis.
GATIDOU, G, ZHOU, J & THOMAIDIS, N 2004, 'Microwave-assisted extraction of Irgarol 1051 and its main degradation product from marine sediments using water as the extractant followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry determination', Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1046, no. 1-2, pp. 41-48.
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A microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method for the determination of Irgarol 1051 (2-methylthio-4-tert-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamino-s-triazine) and its main degradation product M1 (2-methylthio-4-tert-butylamino-s-triazine) in marine sediments by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed. The key parameters of MAE procedure, including the amount of the sediment, the volume of the extraction solvent, the duration and the temperature of the extraction procedure were optimized. The extraction procedure was followed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) on reverse phase C 18 cartridges. The isolation of the target compounds from the matrix was found to be efficient when 3 g of marine sediment were extracted with 30 ml of water for 10 min at 115°C. Final determination was accomplished by GC-MS. Quantification was performed with matrix-matched calibration using atrazine-d 5 as internal standard. Mean recoveries higher than 85.4% were obtained for both compounds at three fortification levels with relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) ≤ 14%. The limits of detection (LOD) of the developed method were 0.9 and 1.7 ng g -1 dry weight for M1 and Irgarol 1051, respectively. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Ge, Y, Esselle, KP & Bird, TS 2004, 'A broadband E‐shaped patch antenna with a microstrip‐compatible feed', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 111-112.
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AbstractA broadband low‐profile E‐shaped patch antenna with a novel microstrip‐compatible feed is presented. The new feed structure makes E‐shaped patch antennas more suitable for integration with microstrip circuits. It is demonstrated by designing and testing an antenna with a height of 3.3 mm and a return‐loss bandwidth of 5.03–6.12 GHz. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 111–112, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20223
Ge, Y, Esselle, KP & Bird, TS 2004, 'E-Shaped Patch Antennas for High-Speed Wireless Networks', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 3213-3219.
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Thin, broad-band, E-shaped microstrip patch antennas (ESPAs), operating in the 5-6 GHz frequency range, are presented. They are intended for high-speed (IEEE 802.11a, 54 Mb/s) wireless computer local area networks (WLAN) and other wireless communication systems. They are suitable for WLAN adaptor cards in the PCMCIA (also known as PC) format, allowing users of current notebook computers to upgrade to this high-speed wireless standard at a low cost. Importantly, our antennas are thin enough to be accommodated in a PCMCIA card of standard 5-mm thickness, without making the antenna end thicker than the card itself. Two different closely spaced antenna pairs are also presented for diversity. A new ESPA configuration with a microstrip feed is presented for easy integration with microwave transceivers. In all cases, within the two IEEE 802.11a WLAN bands (5.15-5.35 GHz and 5.725-5.825 GHz), the reflection coefficient at the antenna input is < -10 dB and in both antenna pair. s, mutual coupling between the two antennas is < -20 dB. © 2004 IEEE.
Gefferth, A, Veitch, D, Ruzsa, I, Maricza, I & Molnár, S 2004, 'A New Class of Second Order Self-Similar Processes', Stochastic Models, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 381-389.
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Gervasi, V, Zowghi, D, Easterbrook, S & Sim, SE 2004, 'Report on the First International Workshop on Comparative Evaluation in Requirements Engineering', ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 1-4.
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Requirements Engineering (RE) research is believed to be mature enough for the community to be able to make comparative evaluations of alternative tools, techniques, approaches and methods. Commonly used exemplars in RE that have emerged over the years all suffer from well-defined and widely accepted evaluation criteria which makes comparison of the effectiveness of different research outcomes impossible. The first International Workshop on Comparative Evaluation on Requirements Engineering was held in conjunction with the 11 th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference in Monterey Bay, California. This workshop was conceived to address these issues and facilitate a community initiative in developing a common understanding of evaluation criteria and developing benchmarks for comparative evaluation in RE. Content, of course, is important.
Glamore, W & Indraratna, B 2004, 'A two-stage decision support tool for restoring tidal flows to flood mitigation drains affected by acid sulfate soil: Case study of Broughton Creek floodplain, New South Wales, Australia', Australian Journal of Soil Research, vol. 42, no. 5-6, pp. 639-648.
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A 2-stage flood estimation and water quality decision support tool (DST) was developed, calibrated, and applied to a field site in south-eastern New South Wales (NSW) to simulate tidal restoration in a flood mitigation drain affected by acid sulfate soils leachate. The first stage of the DST employs a digital terrain map, geographic information tools, and measured water levels to calculate drain water overtopping due to tidal variations. Simulations using the GIS technique at the study site indicated that the primary drainage network can safely contain full tidal flushing (0.91 m AHD or a 58% increase), whereas at the same level the secondary drainage network overtops along relict drainage channels. The second stage of the DST simulates the change in drain water quality using an ion-specific program code written within the open interface PHREEQC program. The results from the water quality model were calibrated against laboratory titration tests. Drain water pH was shown to increase above 6.0, and soluble aluminium and iron concentrations decreased by 73% and 56%, respectively. The extent of water quality change is directly related to the ionic strength of the intruding water and the ion-specific reaction kinetics of aluminium, iron, and sulfate. Based on the DST simulations, floodgate modifications to restore tidal flushing were successfully undertaken at a study site near Berry, in south-eastern NSW. DST predictions accurately simulated field results (±10%) and slight variations between data were attributed to the prolonged drought at the field site, which increased the ionic strength of intruding waters, and the high concentration of sulfate in seawater. The DST can be easily adapted to other sites throughout Australia.
Glinos, N, Hoang, DB, Nguyen, C & Symvonis, A 2004, 'Video-on-demand based on delayed-multicast: Algorithmic support', COMPUTER JOURNAL, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 545-559.
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Guo, WS, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH & Chapman, H 2004, 'Experimental investigation of adsorption-flocculation-microfiltration hybrid system in wastewater reuse', JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, vol. 242, no. 1-2, pp. 27-35.
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Membrane hybrid systems are becoming increasingly important as cost effective solutions in wastewater treatment and reuse. The effect of pretreatments namely floating medium flocculation (FMF) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption on organic and phosphorus removal was studied. The FMF was found to increase the phosphorus removal up to 97%. This preflocculation improved the dissolved organic removal only marginally (from 20% to 40%) whilst the pretreatment of adsorption increased the organic removal to more than 98%. The decline in filtration (permeate) flux of microfiltration was reduced by the incorporation of these pretreatment methods. Detailed studies on the effect of PAC dose indicated that a PAC dose of 1 g/L was the optimum in terms of organic removal and filtration flux. PAC doses in excess of 1 g/L contributed to a significant decrease in filtration flux. The critical flux was experimentally evaluated for crossflow microfiltration (CFMF) with and without the pretreatment. The pretreatment of adsorption led to six times higher critical flux than that without any pretreatment. The preflocculation alone did not significantly increase the critical flux. There was only a 33% increase with preflocculation. However, the preflocculation combined with PAC adsorption resulted in nine times higher critical flux. The results showed that a pretreatment of flocculation and adsorption led to almost complete phosphorus and organic removal while reducing the membrane clogging. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Zhong, JJ, Watterson, PA & Wu, W 2004, 'An improved method for predicting magnetic power losses in SMC electrical machines', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS, vol. 19, no. 1-4, pp. 75-78.
Ha, QP & Rye, DC 2004, 'A control architecture for robotic excavation in construction', COMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 28-41.
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Ha, QP & Trinh, H 2004, 'Observer-based control of multi-agent systems under decentralized information', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 719-728.
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This paper addresses the problem of decentralized implementation of a global state feedback controller for multi-agent systems. The system is assumed to be under the constraint of a complete decentralized information structure. The decentralization of the control task is achieved through the construction of low-order decentralized functional observers with the purpose of generating the required corresponding control signal for each local control station. A design procedure is developed for obtaining an approximate solution to the design of the observers. Stability analysis is provided for the global system using the proposed observer-based approach. A numerical example is given to illustrate the design procedure and cases when the observers' order increases from the lowest value.
Ha, QP & Trinh, H 2004, 'State and input simultaneous estimation for a class of nonlinear systems', AUTOMATICA, vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 1779-1785.
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This paper addresses the problem of estimating simultaneously the state and input of a class of nonlinear systems. Here, the systems nonlinear part comprises a Lipschitz nonlinear function with respect to the state and input, and a state-dependent unknown function including additive disturbance as well as uncertain/nonlinear/time-varying terms. Upon satisfying some conditions, the observer design problem can be solved via a Riccati inequality or a LMI-based technique with asymptotic estimation guaranteed. A numerical example is included for illustration. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Han, J, Wei, D & Zhang, Y 2004, 'Physical and numerical simulation for inner crack healing in metals', Shanghai Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, vol. 38, no. SUPPL., pp. 130-135.
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The research purpose on the healing of inner crack in metallic materials is to provide an effective approach for improving their properties and prolonging their lifetime. The crack healing process of 20MnMo steel with inner pre-crack was analyzed. It was found that all inner cracks could be healed in different degree. There were very fine ferrite grains in healing region. The micro-crack healing process in single crystal of BBC-Fe was simulated by the molecule dynamics method, which shows that the critical temperature of crack healing in BBC-Fe is 673 K. There were micro-voids, dislocations and twins left after crack healing.
Hoang, NT, Tuan, HD, Apkarian, P & Hosoe, S 2004, 'Gain-Scheduled Filtering for Time-Varying Discrete Systems', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 2464-2476.
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This paper deals with the design of gain-scheduled filters, whose state-space realization depends on real-time parameters of plants. Similar to well-recognized advantages of gain-scheduled controllers in control theory, gain-scheduled filters are expecte
Hoang, NT, Tuan, HD, Apkarian, P & Hosoe, S 2004, 'Robust Filtering for Discrete Nonlinear Fractional Transformation Systems', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 587-592.
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In this brief, we consider robust filtering problems for uncertain discrete-time systems. The uncertain plants under consideration possess nonlinear fractional transformation (NFT) representations which are a generalization of the classical linear fracti
Hoang, TTL, Shon, HK, Chaudhary, DS, Vigneswaran, S & Ngo, HH 2004, 'Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) biofilter for low strength wastewater treatment', Fluid - Particle Separations Journal, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 185-191.
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Biofilter can be a cost-effective alternative treatment unit, especially for low strength wastewater. In this study, detailed experimental investigation of a GAC biofilter was carried out in a laboratory-scale unit using low strength synthetic wastewater and biologically treated sewage effluent (BTSE). Performance of the biofilter was evaluated in terms of total organic carbon (TOC) removal. The TOC removal efficiency of the biofilter was found to be stabilized at around 40-45 % after 30 days (even for a short depth of GAC column of 7-15 cm). The maximum biomass retained on the activated carbon was measured to be 44 mg/ g of GAC after 49 days of continuous operation. Filter backwashing provided at 30% bed expansion for 5 minutes on a daily basis to overcome physical clogging of the filter by attached mass, did not have any adverse effect on the active biomass attached to the media and thus the organic removal efficiency of the filter remained unchanged. Molecular size distribution analysis showed that a significant removal of organics of small molecular weight (MW) at the initial stage of operation of biofilter followed by mainly large MW organic matter after one day of operation. This shows that adsorption was the main mechanism at the initial period and biological degradation as the predominating mechanism after one day of operation throughout the rest of the operation. The biofilter was found to remove a majority of hydrophilic organic compounds.
Huang, CD & Lin, CT 2004, 'The NN and SVM hierarchical learning architecture for multi-class protein fold recognition', International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 20-27.
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The classification of the structure of protein plays a very important role in biological data. It is well known that by means of the classification, the relationships and characteristics among those known proteins can be exploited to predict the structure of new proteins. In general, the study and discovery of the protein structures is based on the sequences and their similarity. In the past, because the complexity of protein sequences, corrective classification is a difficult task. Recently, due to the ability of machine learning techniques, many researchers have applied them to probe into this protein classification problem. Here, we also apply machine-learning methods for multi-class protein fold recognition problem by proposing a novel hierarchical learning architecture. This novel hierarchical learning architecture can be formed by NN (neural networks) or SVM (support vector machine) as basic building blocks. Our results show that, with the help of this novel hierarchical learning architecture, both of NN and SVM can perform well. We use this new architecture to attack the multi-class protein fold recognition problem as proposed by Dubchak and Ding in 2001. With the same set of features and patterns numbers our method can not only obtain better prediction accuracy and lower computation time, moreover, also can avoid the use of the stochastic voting process in the original approach.
Huang, W, Sheng, D, Sloan, SW & Yu, HS 2004, 'Finite element analysis of cone penetration in cohesionless soil', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 517-528.
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Huang, Z, Sun, X, Xiu, Z, Chen, S & Tsai, C-T 2004, 'Precipitation synthesis and sintering of yttria nanopowders', Materials Letters, vol. 58, no. 15, pp. 2137-2142.
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Huang, Z, Xiu, Z & Sun, X 2004, 'Fabrication of transparent yttria ceramics using precipitation derived nanopowder', Cailiao Yanjiu Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Materials Research, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 399-404.
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Y2O3 nanopowders were synthesized using a chemical precipitation process from coarse yttria Y2O3 powders, ammonium hydro-carbonate, nitric acid and aqueous ammonia. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the phase constitution of the yttria powder. Morphology and size of the powders were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Size distribution of the powder was analyzed using Image Analyser. The precipitation processing parameters and calcination temperatures have a significant effect on the particle size and size distribution of the synthesized Y2O3 nanopowder, and thus influence the density and transparency of the sintered ceramics. The Y2O3 nanopowder produced by calcining the precursor (obtained at a pH of 8) at 1000°C is 30 nm in particle diameter, spherical in shape, well dispersed, and narrow in size distribution. This Y2O3 powder can be sintered into transparent body by a vacuum sintering at 1700°C for 4 h without any additive.
Huiqing Liu, Jinyan Li & Limsoon Wong 2004, 'Selection of patient samples and genes for outcome prediction', Proceedings. 2004 IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference, 2004. CSB 2004., vol. 329, pp. 371-381.
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Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, T 2004, 'Trustworthiness and CCCI metrics in P2P communication', COMPUTER SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 173-190.
Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, TS 2004, 'Classification of trust in peer-to-peer (P2P) communication', International Journal of Computer Systems Science And Engineering, vol. 19, no. 02, pp. 59-73.
Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, TS 2004, 'Trustworthiness and CCI Metrics for Assigning Trustworthiness', International Journal of Computer Systems, Science and Engineering, vol. 19, no. 3/4, pp. 95-114.
Hutvágner, G, Simard, MJ, Mello, CC & Zamore, PD 2004, 'Sequence-Specific Inhibition of Small RNA Function', PLoS Biology, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. e98-e98.
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Hundreds of microRNAs (miRNAs) and endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been identified from both plants and animals, yet little is known about their biochemical modes of action or biological functions. Here we report that 2′-O-methyl oligonucleotides can act as irreversible, stoichiometric inhibitors of small RNA function. We show that a 2′-O-methyl oligonucleotide complementary to an siRNA can block mRNA cleavage in Drosophila embryo lysates and HeLa cell S100 extracts and in cultured human HeLa cells. In Caenorhabditis elegans, injection of the 2′-O-methyl oligonucleotide complementary to the miRNA let-7 can induce a let-7 loss-of-function phenocopy. Using an immobilized 2′-O-methyl oligonucleotide, we show that the C. elegans Argonaute proteins ALG-1 and ALG-2, which were previously implicated in let-7 function through genetic studies, are constituents of a let-7-containing protein-RNA complex. Thus, we demonstrate that 2′-O-methyl RNA oligonucleotides can provide an efficient and straightforward way to block small RNA function in vivo and furthermore can be used to identify small RNA-associated proteins that mediate RNA silencing pathways.
Huynh, P & Loe, S 2004, 'Influence of location, number and shape of corrugations in slider bearings', ANZIAM Journal, vol. 45, pp. 1017-1038.
Iacopi, F, Laknin, M, Mulloy, A, den Toonder, JMJ, Vanhaeren, D & Brongersma, SH 2004, 'On factors affecting the extraction of elastic modulus by nanoindentation of organic polymer films', MRS Proceedings, vol. 841.
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ABSTRACTA detailed study of nanoindentation in Continuous Stiffness Mode (CSM) on a family of aromatic thermosetting polymers is carried out to identify the causes for the large variability in the extracted values of the elastic modulus of organic polymer films.It is shown that the variation of parameters determining the dynamics of the force application such as the CSM frequency, the actual strain or load rate, and the duration of the waiting time segments can lead up to 20% difference in the estimated elastic modulus. The reason for this is related to creep, more specifically to viscoelastic behaviour, typical of organic films. On the other hand, pile-up is shown to have a negligible effect on the extraction of the elastic modulus from indentation depths below 50% of the film thickness, even for films with hardness as low as 0.13GPa. It is also concluded that neither pile-up nor creep phenomena can account for the overestimation of the elastic modulus with nanoindentation as compared to the values extracted with the surface acoustic waves technique.
Iacopi, F, Stucchi, M, Richard, O & Maex, K 2004, 'Electrical equivalent sidewall damage in patterned low-k dielectrics', ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. G79-G82.
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Indraratna, B, Bamunawita, C & Khabbaz, H 2004, 'Numerical modeling of vacuum preloading and field applications', CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 1098-1110.
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This study describes the effect of unsaturation at a drain boundary on the behaviour of a single prefabricated vertical drain subjected to vacuum preloading based on a two-dimensional plane strain finite element model incorporating the modified Cam-Clay model. Unsaturation of soil adjacent to the drain can occur due to mandrel withdrawal or application of vacuum pressure through prefabricated vertical band drains (PVDs). Following initial laboratory simulation in a large-scale radial drainage consolidometer, the authors have attempted to explain the observed retardation of pore pressure dissipation through a series of models, which consider the effect of unsaturation at the drain-soil interface. The results indicate that the introduction of an unsaturated soil layer adjacent to a PVD improves the accuracy of numerical predictions. Lastly, a multidrain analysis is conducted to study the behaviour of an embankment stabilized with vertical drains subjected to vacuum preloading, and the field measurements are compared with a series of numerical model predictions.
Jain, V, Saha, SC, Bagga, R & Gopalan, S 2004, 'Unsafe abortion: A neglected tragedy. Review from a tertiary care hospital in India', Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 197-201.
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AbstractAim: With 16% of the world's population, India accounts for over 20% of the world's maternal deaths. The maternal mortality ratio, defined as the number of maternal deaths per 100 000 live births is incredibly high at 408 per 100 000 live births for the country. Abortion has been legalized in India for the past three decades. However, the share of unsafe abortion as a cause of maternal mortality continues to be alarming. The objective of the present study is to identify the magnitude of problem of unsafe abortion in India.Methods: Emergency gynecologic admissions to a tertiary care center in North India over a 15‐year period (1988–2002) were reviewed to evaluate the demographic and clinical profile of patients admitted as a result of unsafe abortion. The records were analyzed with regard to the age group, parity and marital status of the abortion seekers, the indication of abortion, the methods used, qualification of abortion providers, complications and fatality rate.Results: The majority of women who were admitted with diagnosis of unsafe abortion were in the third decade of their lives. They were married, multiparous women living with their spouses. Sixty percent of the women had approached unqualified abortion providers who used primitive methods of pregnancy termination. All the women were admitted with serious complications of unsafe abortions and one‐fourth of them succumbed to the complications.Conclusion: Unsafe abortion constitutes a major threat to the health and lives of women. This study highlights the need to focus more directly on the needs and preferences of women who seek abortion as well as on the accessibility of contraceptives and skills of the providers of abortion services, in order to improve the quality of abortion care.
Jay, CB, Lu, HY & Nguyen, QT 2004, 'The Polymorphic Imperative: a Generic Approach to In-place Update', Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 91, pp. 195-211.
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The constructor calculus supports generic operations defined over arbitrary data types including abstract data types. This paper extends the basic constructor calculus to handle constructed locations. The resulting calculus is able to define a generic assignment operation that performs in-place whenever appropriate and allocates fresh memory otherwise. This approach may eliminate many of the space overheads associated with higher-order polymorphic languages. In combination with existing generic programming techniques it can express some very powerful algorithms such as the visitor pattern. © 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Jeng, D-S, Cha, DF & Blumenstein, M 2004, 'Neural network model for the prediction of wave-induced liquefaction potential', Ocean Engineering, vol. 31, no. 17-18, pp. 2073-2086.
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The prediction of wave-induced liquefaction has been recognised by coastal geotechnical engineers as an important factor when considering the design of marine structures. All existing models have been based on conventional approaches of engineering mechanics with limited laboratory work. In this study, we propose an alternative approach for the prediction of the maximum liquefaction depth, based on neural network (NN). Unlike previous engineering mechanics approaches, the proposed NN model is based on data learning knowledge, rather than on knowledge of mechanisms. Numerical examples demonstrate the capacity of the proposed NN model for the prediction of wave-induced liquefaction depth, which provides civil engineers with another effective tool. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Ji, ZF, Duan, RY & Ying, MS 2004, 'Comparability of multipartite entanglement', PHYSICS LETTERS A, vol. 330, no. 6, pp. 418-423.
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We prove, in a multipartite setting, that it is always feasible to exactly transform a genuinely m-partite entangled pure state with sufficient many copies to any other m-partite state via local quantum operation and classical communication. This result
Jonghyuk Kim & Sukkarieh, S 2004, 'Autonomous airborne navigation in unknown terrain environments', IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 1031-1045.
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Kalam, MA & Masjuki, HH 2004, 'Emissions and deposit characteristics of a small diesel engine when operated on preheated crude palm oil', Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 289-297.
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Khatri, RP & Sirivivatnanon, V 2004, 'Characteristic service life for concrete exposed to marine environments', CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 745-752.
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Khatri, RP, Sirivivatnanon, V & Heeley, P 2004, 'Critical polarization resistance in service life determination', CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 829-837.
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Khosroshahi, ME, Valanezhad, A & Tavakoli, J 2004, 'Evaluation of mid-IR laser radiation effect on 316L stainless steel corrosion resistance in physiological saline', Amirkabir (Journal of Science and Technology), vol. 15, no. 58 B, pp. 107-115.
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The effects of a short pulsed (∼ 400 ns) multiline hydrogen fluoride (HF) laser radiation operating on average at 2.8 μm has been studied on 316L stainless steel in terms of optical and physical parameters. At low fluences ≤ 8 Jcm -2 (phase I) no morphological changes occurred at the surface and melting began at ∼ 8.8 Jcm -2 (phase II) which continued up to about 30 Jcm -2. In this range the melting zone was effectively produced by high temperature surface centres growth which subsequently joined these centres together. Thermal ablation via surface vaporization began at ∼ 33 Jcm -2 (phase III). The results of SEM evaluation and corrosion resistance experiment which was carried out using EG&G device with cyclic potentiodynamic polarization method in a physiological (Hank's) solution indicated that pitting corrosion sensitivity was decreased ie. enhancement of corrosion resistance. Also, the XRD results showed a double increase of γ(111) at microstructure, thus in effect a superaustenite stainless steel was obtained at an optimized melting fluence.
Kim, J, Ong, LL, Nettleton, E & Sukkarieh, S 2004, 'Decentralized approach to unmanned aerial vehicle navigation: Without the use of the global positioning system and preloaded maps', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering, vol. 218, no. 6, pp. 399-416.
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In this paper the issue of autonomous navigation is addressed, i.e. the ability for a navigation system to provide information about the states of a vehicle without the need for a priori infrastructures such as the global positioning system (GPS), beacons or preloaded maps of the area of interest. The algorithm applied is known as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). It is a terrain-aided navigation system that has the capability for on-line map building, while simultaneously utilizing the generated map to bound the errors in the navigation solution. As no a priori terrain information nor initial knowledge of the vehicle location is required, this algorithm presents a powerful navigation augmentation system. More importantly, it can be implemented as an independent navigation system. This paper also describes a decentralized SLAM algorithm that allows multiple vehicles to acquire a joint three-dimensional map via a decentralized information fusion network. The key idea behind this decentralized SLAM is to represent the map in information form (negative log likelihood) for communication. Experimental results are provided using computer simulation to demonstrate the single-vehicle and multi-vehicle SLAMs without the use of GPS and preloaded maps.
Kim, J, Ridley, M, Sukkarieh, S & Nettleton, E 2004, 'Real-time experiment of feature tracking/mapping using a low-cost vision and GPS/INS system on an UAV platform', Positioning, vol. 1, pp. 0-0.
Kwok, JT-Y & Tsang, IW-H 2004, 'The Pre-Image Problem in Kernel Methods', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 1517-1525.
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Lam, HK, Ling, SH, Leung, FHF & Tam, PKS 2004, 'Function estimation using a neural-fuzzy network and an improved genetic algorithm', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPROXIMATE REASONING, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 243-260.
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This paper presents the estimation of the transmission gains for an AC power line data network in an intelligent home. The estimated gains ensure the transmission reliability and efficiency. A neural-fuzzy network with rule switches is proposed to perform the estimation. An improved genetic algorithm is proposed to tune the parameters and the rules of the proposed neural-fuzzy network. By turning on or off the rule switches, an optimal rule base can be obtained. An application example will be given. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Lavian, T, Hoang, DB, Travostino, F, Wang, PYH, Subramanian, S & Monga, I 2004, 'An extensible, programmable, commercial-grade platform for Internet service architecture', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART C-APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 58-68.
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With their increasingly sophisticated applications, users promote the notion that there is more to a network (be it an intranet, or the Internet) than mere L1-3 connectivity. In what shapes a next generation service contract between users and the network, users want the network to offer services that are as ubiquitous and dependable as dial tones. Typical services include application-aware firewalls, directories, nomadic support, virtualization, load balancing, alternate site failover, etc. To fulfill this vision, a service architecture is needed. That is, an architecture wherein end-to-end services compose, on-demand, across network domains, technologies, and administration boundaries. Such an architecture requires programmable mechanisms and programmable network devices for service enabling, service negotiation, and service management. The bedrock foundation of the architecture, and also the key focus of the paper, is an open-source programmable service platform that is explicitly designed to best exploit commercial-grade network devices. The platform predicates a full separation of concerns, in that control-intensive operations are executed in software, whereas, data-intensive operations are delegated to hardware. This way, the platform is capable of performing wire-speed content filtering, and activating network services according to the state of data and control flows. The paper describes the platform and some distinguishing services realized on the platform.
Law, SS & Zhu, XQ 2004, 'Dynamic behavior of damaged concrete bridge structures under moving vehicular loads', Engineering Structures, vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 1279-1293.
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Lee, DK, Lança, AJ, Cheng, R, Nguyen, T, Ji, XD, Gobeil, F, Chemtob, S, George, SR & O'Dowd, BF 2004, 'Agonist-independent Nuclear Localization of the Apelin, Angiotensin AT1, and Bradykinin B2 Receptors', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 279, no. 9, pp. 7901-7908.
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Signaling of the apelin, angiotensin, and bradykinin peptides is mediated by G protein-coupled receptors related through structure and similarities of physiological function. We report nuclear expression as a characteristic of these receptors, including a nuclear localization for the apelin receptor in brain and cerebellum-derived D283 Med cells and the AT1 and bradykinin B2 receptors in HEK-293T cells. Immunocytochemical analyses revealed the apelin receptor with localization in neuronal nuclei in cerebellum and hypothalamus, exhibiting expression in neuronal cytoplasm or in both nuclei and cytoplasm. Confocal microscopy of HEK-293T cells revealed the majority of transfected cells displayed constitutive nuclear localization of AT1 and B2 receptors, whereas apelin receptors did not show nuclear localization in these cells. The majority of apelin receptor-transfected cerebellum D283 Med cells showed receptor nuclear expression. Immunoblot analyses of subcellular-fractionated D283 Med cells demonstrated endogenous apelin receptor species in nuclear fractions. In addition, an identified nuclear localization signal motif in the third intracellular loop of the apelin receptor was disrupted by a substituted glutamine in place of lysine. This apelin receptor (K242Q) did not exhibit nuclear localization in D283 Med cells. These results demonstrate the following: (i) the apelin receptor exhibits nuclear localization in human brain; (ii) distinct cell-dependent mechanisms for the nuclear transport of apelin, AT 1, and B2 receptors; and (iii) the disruption of a nuclear localization signal sequence disrupts the nuclear translocation of the apelin receptor. This discovery of apelin, AT1, and B2 receptors with agonist-independent nuclear translocation suggests major unanticipated roles for these receptors in cell signaling and function.
Lee, HK, Hewitson, S & Wang, J 2004, 'Web-based resources on GPS/INS integration', GPS Solutions, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 189-191.
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The integrated GPS/INS system has become an indispensable tool for providing precise and continuous position, velocity and attitude information for many positioning and navigation applications, from surveying and mapping to vehicle navigation, guidance and control. There is an extensive variety of websites that are directly or indirectly related to the technologies and applications of GPS/INS integration. This column presents a selection of the publicly available web-based resources on research-based activities for GPS/INS integration. The selection encompasses those international universities and companies that provide electronic versions of their publications.
Lee, T & Romashchenko, A 2004, 'On Polynomially Time Bounded Symmetry of Information', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 3153, pp. 463-475.
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The information contained in a string x about a string y is defined as the difference between the Kolmogorov complexity of y and the conditional Kolmogorov complexity of y given x, i.e., I(x : y) = C(y) -C(y\x). From the well-known Kolmogorov-Levin Theorem it follows that I(x : y) is symmetric up to a small additive term O(log C(x, y)). We investigate if this property can hold for several versions of polynomial time bounded Kolmogorov complexity. In particular, we study symmetry of information for some variants of distinguishing complexity CD where CD(x) is the length of a shortest program which accepts x and only x;. We show relativized worlds where symmetry of information does not hold for deterministic and nondeterministic polynomial time distinguishing complexities CD and CND For nondeterministic polynomial time distinguishing with randomness, CAMD , we prove that symmetry of information holds for most pairs of strings in any set in NP. In proving this last statement we extend a recent result of Buhrman et al. [6], which may be of independent utility. © Springer-Verlag 2004. poly poly poly
Lei, QP, Lamb, DH, Shannon, AG, Cai, XX, Heller, RK, Huang, M, Zablackis, E, Ryall, R & Cash, P 2004, 'Quantification of residual EDU (N-ethyl-N '-(dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) hydrolyzed urea derivative) and other residual by LC-MS/MS', JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES, vol. 813, no. 1-2, pp. 103-112.
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Leigh, E & Spindler, L 2004, 'Simulations and Games as Chaordic Learning Contexts', Simulation & Gaming, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 53-69.
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Effective facilitation of experiential learning involves an array of knowledge and skills. Educators who facilitate open simulations—one form of experiential learning—benefit from having relevant theoretical frameworks to sustain an appropriate balance between being directive and supportive of their participants’ freedom to learn. This ongoing research is examining the use of a particular open simulation as an exemplar of the way in which such structured activities have the potential to create unpredictable learning contexts. The article introduces chaos theory as one such framework for identifying skills and knowledge to anticipate and respond to the uncertainties generated in such an environment. The authors suggest that an understanding of chaos theory, coupled with skills to apply this knowledge to open simulations, enables educators to more quickly and accurately select and apply appropriate learning-centered interventions.
Leung, FHF, Lam, HK, Ling, SH & Tam, PKS 2004, 'Optimal and stable fuzzy controllers for nonlinear systems based on an improved genetic algorithm', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 172-182.
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This paper addresses the optimization and stabilization problems of nonlinear systems subject to parameter uncertainties. The methodology is based on a fuzzy logic approach and an improved genetic algorithm (GA). The TSK fuzzy plant model is employed to describe the dynamics of the uncertain nonlinear plant. A fuzzy controller is then obtained to close the feedback loop. The stability conditions are derived. The feedback gains of the fuzzy controller and the solution for meeting the stability conditions are determined using the improved GA. In order to obtain the optimal fuzzy controller, the membership functions are further tuned by minimizing a defined fitness function using the improved GA. An application example on stabilizing a two-link robot. arm will be given.
Leung, KF, Leung, FHF, Lam, HK & Ling, SH 2004, 'On interpretation of graffiti digits and characters for eBooks: Neural-fuzzy network and genetic algorithm approach', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 464-471.
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This paper presents the rule optimization, tuning of the membership functions, and optimization of the number of fuzzy rules, of a neural-fuzzy network (NFN) using a genetic algorithm (GA). The objectives are achieved by training a proposed NFN with rule switches. The proposed NFN and GA are employed to interpret graffiti number inputs and commands for electronic books (eBooks).
Li, J & Ong, HL 2004, 'Feature space transformation for better understanding biological and medical classifications', Journal of Research and Practice in Information Technology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 131-144.
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Recently published gene expression profiles and proteomic mass/charge ratios are extremely high-dimensional data. Though support vector machines can well learn the inner relationship of the data for classification, the non-linear kernel functions pose an obstacle to explain the prediction reasons to non-specialists. In this paper, we study the problem of feature space transformation for easy interpretability of classification results. Each new feature is a combination of multiple original features provided that the new feature captures a large percentage of one class of data, but sharply discriminates the data in the other class. Under the description of new features, training or test data are clearly class-separable. We also discuss a more sophisticated rule-based method, called PCL, for classification. PCL provides easily explainable classification scores for us to better understand the predictions and the test data themselves. Visualization is also used to enhance the understanding of the classifier output. We use rich examples to demonstrate our main points.
Li, J, Dong, G, Ramamohanarao, K & Wong, L 2004, 'DeEPs: A New Instance-Based Lazy Discovery and Classification System', Machine Learning, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 99-124.
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Distance is widely used in most lazy classification systems. Rather than using distance, we make use of the frequency of an instance's subsets of features and the frequency-change rate of the subsets among training classes to perform both knowledge disco
Li, J, Manoukian, T, Dong, G & Ramamohanarao, K 2004, 'Incremental Maintenance on the Border of the Space of Emerging Patterns', Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 89-116.
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Emerging patterns (EPs) are useful knowledge patterns with many applications. In recent studies on bio-medical profiling data, we have successfully used such patterns to solve difficult cancer diagnosis problems and produced higher classification accurac
Li, J, Samali, B & Crews, K 2004, 'Determining individual member stiffness of bridge structures using a simple dynamic procedure', Acoustics Australia, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 9-12.
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A reliable determination of the structural condition of timber bridges presently requires costly load testing. A new dynamic based testing method was developed by authors to reduce the cost and shorten the testing time. The method has been successfully used to undertake field-testing of more than 40 timber bridges across NSW. The dynamic testing procedure involves the attachment of accelerometers underneath the bridge girders. The bridge girders are then excited by a modal hammer. The method requires tests with and without extra mass, so that the overall flexural stiffness of the bridge can be obtained. However, in order to accurately estimate the load carrying capacity of the bridge, it is necessary to obtain the stiffness values of individual members from test results without complicating the current testing procedure. In this paper, the authors review the dynamic testing procedure and propose a method to determine individual member stiffness for a bridge structure based on the field dynamic testing data. The outcomes of this work not only enable more accurate prediction of the load carrying capacity of the bridge but will also identify defective members of the bridge structure.
Li, QF, Li, L, Liu, EB, Wang, J, Xu, XX & Wang, YB 2004, 'Study of reverse temper embrittlement NGS mechanism in steel 12CrlMoV', Harbin Gongcheng Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Harbin Engineering University, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 451-456.
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According to the non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation kinetics curves of phosphorus in steel 12CrlMoV was found recently in an experimental investigation, a series of Charpy impact tests were performed on specimens at the segregation process, the critical time and the desegregation process. The DBTT values of different holding time specimens were measured. Experimental results show that overaging appears in this steel. That is, the degree of embrittlement increases first and then decreases with isothermal aging time. The reverse temper embrittlement non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation (NGS) mechanism was analyzed, and a reverse temper embrittlement NGS mechanism for steel 12CrlMoV was built, which proved a method for brittle fracture forecast and control of steel.
Li, QS, Liu, DK, Tang, J, Zhang, N & Tam, CM 2004, 'Combinatorial optimal design of number and positions of actuators in actively controlled structures using genetic algorithms', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 270, no. 4-5, pp. 611-624.
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In this paper, the optimal design of the numbers and positions of actuators in actively controlled structures is formulated as a three-level optimal design problem. Features of this design problem such as discreteness, multi-modality and hierarchical structure are discussed. A two-level genetic algorithm (TLGA) is proposed for solving this problem. The concept, principle and solution process of the TLGA are described. A case study is presented, in which a building is subjected to earthquake excitation and controlled by active tendon actuators. The results of this study show that: (1) the design problem for optimizing number and configuration of actuators simultaneously in actively controlled structures has the features of non-linearity, mixed-discreteness and multi-modality; (2) a three-level design model can give a reasonable description for this kind of design problem; (3) TLGA is an effective algorithm for solving the combinatorial optimization problem. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd.
Li, S & Luo, M 2004, 'A note on stratified L-real line and unit L-interval', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 147, no. 2, pp. 327-332.
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We show that the stratified L-real line and the stratified unit L-interval have no non-trivial crisp open sets. Simple characterizations for Boolean-valued stratified L-interval and L-line are also given. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Li, S, Kwok, JT-Y, Tsang, IW-H & Wang, Y 2004, 'Fusing Images With Different Focuses Using Support Vector Machines', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 1555-1561.
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Li, SJ & Ying, MS 2004, 'Generalized Region Connection Calculus', ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, vol. 160, no. 1-2, pp. 1-34.
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The Region Connection Calculus (RCC) is one of the most widely referenced system of high-level (qualitative) spatial reasoning. RCC assumes a continuous representation of space. This contrasts sharply with the fact that spatial information obtained from physical recording devices is nowadays invariably digital in form and therefore implicitly uses a discrete representation of space. Recently, Galton developed a theory of discrete space that parallels RCC, but question still lies in that can we have a theory of qualitative spatial reasoning admitting models of discrete spaces as well as continuous spaces? In this paper we aim at establishing a formal theory which accommodates both discrete and continuous spatial information, and a generalization of Region Connection Calculus is introduced. GRCC, the new theory, takes two primitives: the mereological notion of part and the topological notion of connection. RCC and Galton's theory for discrete space are both extensions of GRCC. The relation between continuous models and discrete ones is also clarified by introducing some operations on models of GRCC. In particular, we propose a general approach for constructing countable RCC models as direct limits of collections of finite models. Compared with standard RCC models given rise from regular connected spaces, these countable models have the nice property that each region can be constructed in finite steps from basic regions. Two interesting countable RCC models are also given: one is a minimal RCC model, the other is a countable sub-model of the continuous space R2.
Li, Y & Li, S 2004, 'A Fuzzy Sets Theoretic Approach to Approximate Spatial Reasoning', IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 745-754.
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Relational composition-based reasoning has become the most prevalent method for qualitative reasoning since Allen's 1983 work on temporal intervals. Underlying this reasoning technique is the concept of a jointly exhaustive and pairwise disjoint set of relations. Systems of relations such as RCC5 and RCC8 were originally developed for ideal regions, not subject to imperfections such as vagueness or fuzziness which are found in many applications in geographic analysis and image understanding. This paper, however, presents a general method for classifying binary topological relations involving fuzzy regions using the RCC5 or the RCC8 theory. Our approach is based on fuzzy set theory and the theory of consonant random set. Some complete classifications of topological relations between fuzzy regions are also given. Furthermore, two composition operators on spatial relations between fuzzy regions are introduced in this paper. These composition operators provide reasonable relational composition-based reasoning engine for spatial reasoning involving fuzzy regions.
Lin, C & J. F., C 2004, 'Design of a Low-cost and Application-driven Speech/Audio Embedded Digital Signal Processor'.
Lin, C-T, Chang, C-L & Cheng, W-C 2004, 'A Recurrent Fuzzy Cellular Neural Network System With Automatic Structure and Template Learning', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 1024-1035.
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Lin, C-T, Lin, K-L, Yang, C-H, Chung, I-F, Huang, C-D & Yang, Y-S 2004, 'Protein Metal Binding Residue Prediction Based on Neural Networks', NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING, vol. 3316, pp. 1316-1321.
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Lin, C-T, Wu, R-C, Chang, J-Y & Liang, S-F 2004, 'A Novel Prosodic-Information Synthesizer Based on Recurrent Fuzzy Neural Network for the Chinese TTS System', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 309-324.
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Lister, R, Adams, ES, Fitzgerald, S, Fone, W, Hamer, J, Lindholm, M, McCartney, R, Moström, JE, Sanders, K, Seppälä, O, Simon, B & Thomas, L 2004, 'A multi-national study of reading and tracing skills in novice programmers', ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 119-150.
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A study by a ITiCSE 2001 working group ('the McCracken Group') established that many students do not know how to program at the conclusion of their introductory courses. A popular explanation for this incapacity is that the students lack the ability to problem-solve. That is, they lack the ability to take a problem description, decompose it into sub-problems and implement them, then assemble the pieces into a complete solution. An alternative explanation is that many students have a fragile grasp of both basic programming principles and the ability to systematically carry out routine programming tasks, such as tracing (or 'desk checking') through code. This ITiCSE 2004 working group studied the alternative explanation, by testing students from seven countries, in two ways. First, students were tested on their ability to predict the outcome of executing a short piece of code. Second, students were tested on their ability, when given the desired function of short piece of near-complete code, to select the correct completion of the code from a small set of possibilities. Many students were weak at these tasks, especially the latter task, suggesting that such students have a fragile grasp of skills that are a prerequisite for problem-solving.
Liu, B, Thomas, PS, Klimesch, DS & Ray, A 2004, 'Fourier transform infrared evaluation of autoclaved cellulose fibre pulps used in cement-based building materials', ADVANCES IN CEMENT RESEARCH, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 131-136.
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Liu, B, Thomas, PS, Klimesch, DS & Ray, A 2004, 'Fourier transform infrared evaluation of autoclaved cellulose fibre pulps used in cement-based building materials', Advances in Cement Research, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 131-136.
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Liu, B, Thomas, PS, Ray, AS & Williams, RP 2004, 'The effect of sampling conditions on the thermal decomposition of electrolytic manganese dioxide', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 115-122.
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The effect of sampling conditions on the decomposition of electrolytic manganese dioxide using thermal methods is reported. Significant differences were observed in the mechanism of the decomposition by simply changing the reaction environment from a closed pan to an open pan configuration. The purge gas atmosphere was also observed to influence the decomposition mechanism. As a product of the decomposition is oxygen, the change in the mechanism observed between the experimental conditions may be explained in terms of the ease of removal of oxygen from the reaction site.
Liu, H, Han, H, Li, J & Wong, L 2004, 'Using Amino Acid Patterns to Accurately Predict Translation Initiation Sites', In silico Biology, vol. 4, no. 22, pp. 1-11.
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The translation initiation site (TIS) prediction problem is about how to correctly identify TIS in mRNA, cDNA, or other types of genomic sequences. High prediction accuracy can be helpful in a better understanding of protein coding from nucleotide sequences. This is an important step in genomic analysis to determine protein coding from nucleotide sequences. In this paper, we present an in silico method to predict translation initiation sites in vertebrate cDNA or mRNA sequences. This method consists of three sequential steps as follows. In the first step, candidate features are generated using k-gram amino acid patterns. In the second step, a small number of top-ranked features are selected by an entropy-based algorithm. In the third step, a classification model is built to recognize true TISs by applying support vector machines or ensembles of decision trees to the selected features. We have tested our method on several independent data sets, including two public ones and our own extracted sequences. The experimental results achieved are better than those reported previously using the same data sets. Our high accuracy not only demonstrates the feasibility of our method, but also indicates that there might be 'amino acid' patterns around TIS in cDNA and mRNA sequences.
Liu, M, Li, Z, Shi, J, Dutkiewicz, E & Raad, R 2004, 'An On-Demand QoS Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 3126, pp. 207-218.
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Based on probability and statistics, we present a novel mechanism to estimate the available bandwidth in the IEEE 802.11 architecture. Then we present a new on-demand QoS routing protocol for real-time multimedia in Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks based on IEEE 802.11. Under such a routing protocol, we can derive a route to satisfy bandwidth requirement for quality-ofservice (QoS) constraint. In our simulations the QoS routing protocol produces higher throughput, lower delay and services more sessions than its best-effort counterpart. In addition, it is more applicable to real environment of Ad-hoc network and can support more mobility than other QoS routing protocols. © Springer-Verlag 2004.
Liu, R, Zhou, JL & Wilding, A 2004, 'Simultaneous determination of endocrine disrupting phenolic compounds and steroids in water by solid-phase extraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry', Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1022, no. 1-2, pp. 179-189.
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A solid-phase extraction (SPE)-gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) analytical method for the simultaneous separation and determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) from water samples is described in detail. Important and contrasting EDCs including estrone, 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethynylestradiol, 16α-hydroxyestrone, 4-nonylphenol, bisphenol A and 4-tert-octylphenol were selected as the target compounds. The SPE technique, followed by the derivatisation with bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide was used for the extraction recoveries of target compounds from water samples. A number of parameters that may affect the recovery of EDCs, such as the type of SPE cartridges, eluents, as well as water properties including pH value, and concentration of salts and humic substances were investigated. It is shown that the Oasis cartridges produced the best recoveries of target EDCs while ethyl acetate was efficient in eluting EDCs from SPE cartridges. The recovery of some EDCs was enhanced by the addition of salt, but reduced by the increase in pH value and humic acid concentration. The optimised method was further verified by performing spiking experiments in natural river water and seawater matrices, with good recovery and reproducibility for all the selected compounds. The established method was successfully applied to environmental water samples from East and West Sussex, UK, for the determination of the target EDCs. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Livshits, G, Deng, H-W, Nguyen, TV, Yakovenko, K, Recker, RR & Eisman, JA 2004, 'Genetics of Bone Mineral Density: Evidence for a Major Pleiotropic Effect From an Intercontinental Study', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 914-923.
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Abstract BMD is a primary predictor of osteoporotic fracture, and its genetic determination is still unclear. This study showed that the correlation between BMD at different skeletal sites is caused by an underlying genetic structure of common genetic effects. In addition to possible shared (pleiotropic) genetic and environmental effects, each of the BMD variables may also be determined by site-specific genetic factors. Introduction: BMD is a primary predictor of osteoporotic fracture and a key phenotype for the genetic study of osteoporosis. The interindividual variation in BMD measured at a given skeletal site is largely regulated by genetic factors. A strong phenotypic covariation exists for BMD at different skeletal sites. This study tests the hypothesis that the covariation is in fact caused by an underlying genetic structure of common genetic effects and that, in addition to possible shared (pleiotropic) genetic effects, each of the BMD variables may also be determined by site-specific genetic factors Materials and Methods: A bivariate complex segregation analysis as implemented in statistical package PAP was conducted to explore various models of pleiotropic genetic and environmental transmission in lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, as well as in compact and spongious segments of hand phalanges. The BMD was obtained in three ethnically, culturally, and socially heterogeneous samples of white pedigrees, with 2549 individuals between 18 and 100 years of age, from Australia, Europe, and North America. Results and Conclusions: The genetic correlation between BMD measures ranged between 0.50 ± 0.09 and 0.79 ± 0.04 in the three samples. In each sample, the model incorporated a major locus pleiotropic effect, and residual correlation was found to be the most parsimonious model. Estimated parameters from the mod...
LU, DD-C, CHENG, DK-W & LEE, Y-S 2004, 'REDUCTION OF CURRENT AND VOLTAGE STRESSES IN SINGLE-STAGE AC/DC POWER FACTOR CORRECTION CONVERTERS WITH REDUCED REPEATED POWER PROCESSING AND INHERENT INPUT CURRENT CONTROL', Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, vol. 13, no. 03, pp. 535-555.
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In this paper, a new family of single-stage AC/DC power factor correction converters (S2PFCC), which possesses reduced voltage stress across the storage capacitor and no extra current stress on the power switch, is proposed. The converters are realized by reduced repeated power processing concept in which part of the input power is transferred to the load directly after the first power process. This results in lower storage capacitor voltage than that of previously developed S2PFCCs but maintaining high power factor. In addition, the inherent input current control allows the load current to reduce the input line current automatically when the load becomes light, preventing excessive amount of energy being stored in the storage capacitor. Although the proposed converters employed two power switches, a simple single-loop controller for the proposed S2PFCC to achieve power factor correction (PFC) and tight output regulation is also proposed. Experimental results are reported to verify the operation and concept of the new S2PFCC.
Lu, J & Lu, Z 2004, 'Development, Distribution and Evaluation of Online Tourism Services in China', Electronic Commerce Research, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 221-239.
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Lukasiak, J, Burnett, IS, Drury, G, Agostinho, G, Bennett, S, Lockyear, L & Harper, B 2004, 'A Framework for the Flexible Content Packaging of Learning Objects and Learning Designs', Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 465-481.
Luo, Q & Tong, L 2004, 'An accurate laminated element for piezoelectric smart beams including peel stress', Computational Mechanics, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 108-120.
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Luo, Q & Tong, L 2004, 'An adhesively laminated plate element for PZT smart plates', Computational Mechanics, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 224-236.
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Luo, Q & Tong, L 2004, 'Linear and higher order displacement theories for adhesively bonded lap joints', International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 41, no. 22-23, pp. 6351-6381.
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This work presents an adhesive model for stress analysis of bonded lap joints, which can be applied to model thin and thick adhesive layers. In this theory, linear variations of displacement components along the adhesive thickness are firstly assumed, and the longitudinal strain and the Poisson's effect of the adhesive are modeled. A differential form of the equilibrium equations for the adherends is analytically solved by means of compatible relations of the adhesive deformation. The derived shear and peel stresses are compared with the classical adhesive model of continuous springs with constant shear and peel stresses, and validated with two-dimensional finite element results of the geometrically nonlinear analysis using a commercial package. The numerical results show that the present linear displacement theory can be applied to both thin and moderately thick adhesive layers. The present formulation of the linear displacement theory is then extended to the higher order displacement theory for stress analysis of a thick adhesive, whose numerical results are also compared with those of the finite element computation. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Luo, QT & Tong, LY 2004, 'Linear and higher order displacement theories for adhesively bonded lap joints', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES, vol. 41, no. 22-23, pp. 6351-6381.
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Mahlia, TMI 2004, 'Methodology for predicting market transformation due to implementation of energy efficiency standards and labels', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 45, no. 11-12, pp. 1785-1793.
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Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH, Saidur, R & Amalina, MA 2004, 'Cost–benefit analysis of implementing minimum energy efficiency standards for household refrigerator-freezers in Malaysia', Energy Policy, vol. 32, no. 16, pp. 1819-1824.
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Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH, Saidur, R & Amalina, MA 2004, 'Viewpoint', Energy Policy, vol. 32, no. 16, pp. 1783-1787.
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Marjanovic, O 2004, 'Web Service Business Context: The Normative Perspective', International Journal of Web Services Research (IJWSR), vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 16-36.
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This paper investigates the normative perspective of the Web service business context. The business context includes modeling of the business entities and their relationships, while its normative perspective deals with responsibilities, rights and obligations of both Web service providers and users. The existing literature and practice confirm the gap between the available Web service infrastructure and current understanding of the Web service business context - especially its normative perspective. The paper uses the Web service solution lifecycle to investigate formal modeling of terms and conditions, creation of the normative context for individual Web services as well as composition of Web services and creation and management of the resulting combined normative context. The main objective of this research is to facilitate better understanding of this phenomenon and ultimately initiate development of the new tools for management of the normative aspect both by the service providers and their customers.
McArdle, L, McDermott, M, Purcell, R, Grehan, D, O'Meara, A, Breatnach, F, Catchpoole, D, Culhane, AC, Jeffery, I, Gallagher, WM & Stallings, RL 2004, 'Oligonucleotide microarray analysis of gene expression in neuroblastoma displaying loss of chromosome 11q', CARCINOGENESIS, vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 1599-1609.
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A number of distinct subtypes of neuroblastoma exist with different genetic abnormalities that are predicative of outcome. Whole chromosome gains are usually associated with low stage disease and favourable outcome, whereas loss of 1p, 3p and 11q, unbalanced gain of 17q and MYCN amplification (MNA) are indicative of high stage disease and unfavourable prognosis. Although MNA and loss of 11q appear to represent two distinct genetic subtypes of advanced stage neuroblastoma, a detailed understanding of how these subtypes differ in terms of global gene expression is still lacking. We have used metaphase comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis in combination with oligonucleotide technology to identify patterns of gene expression that correlate with specific genomic imbalances found in primary neuroblastic tumours and cell lines. The tumours analysed in this manner included a ganglioneuroma, along with various ganglioneuroblastoma and neuroblastoma of different stages and histopathological classifications. Oligonucleotide microarray-based gene expression profile analysis was performed with Affymetrix HU133A arrays representing ∼14 500 unique genes. The oligonucleotide microarray results were subsequently validated by quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemical staining, and by comparison of specific gene expression patterns with published results. Hierarchical clustering of gene expression data distinguished tumours on the basis of stage, differentiation and genetic abnormalities. A number of genes were identified whose patterns of expression were highly correlated with 11q loss; supporting the concept that loss of 11q represents a distinct genetic subtype of neuroblastoma. The implications of these results in the process of neuroblastoma development and progression are discussed. © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved.
McGloin, D, Carruthers, AE, Dholakia, K & Wright, EM 2004, 'Optically bound microscopic particles in one dimension', Physical Review E, vol. 69, no. 2.
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McGregor, C & Schiefer, J 2004, 'A Web-Service based framework for analyzing and measuring business performance', Information Systems and e-Business Management, vol. 2, no. 1.
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Meng, S-W, Zhang, Z & Li, J 2004, 'Twelve C2H2 zinc-finger genes on human chromosome 19 can be each translated into the same type of protein after frameshifts', Bioinformatics, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1-4.
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Abstract We report a discovery that, of the 226 C2H2 zinc-finger (C2H2-ZNF) genes on human chromosome 19, 12 genes each have two open reading frames (ORFs) that are in different reading frames but that can be translated into the same type of C2H2-ZNF proteins. We came to this observation after using standard tools in an original manner. First, we found that the both ORFs of such a gene contained the same type of significant C2H2-ZNF domain with e-values of e–2 or better. Second, the both ORFs had a promoter, a transcription start site, a start codon, a Kozak pattern and a poly(A) site; hence, each of them can be viewed as a gene in terms of a gene's primary structure. Third, both the ORFs matched not only human C2H2-ZNF expressed sequence tags (ESTs) but also human C2H2-ZNF proteins with e-values of e–50 or better. This indicates that the both ORFs can be transcribed and translated into the same zinc-finger proteins. More importantly, we observed that the phenomenon—a DNA can be translated into the same type of proteins after a frameshift—also occurred in a set of 160 human C2H2-ZNF ESTs and in a set of nine cDNAs of human C2H2-ZNF proteins. This observation based on the two sets of wet-experimental data much strengthened our confidence on the discovery. Our discovery is useful in the deeper understanding of a gene's regulatory mechanism to maintain its function. Supplementary information: http://zfgene.i2r.a-star.edu.sg
Mitchell, SA, Brown, KM, Henry, MM, Mintz, M, Catchpoole, D, LaFleur, B & Stephan, DA 2004, 'Inter-Platform comparability of microarrays in acute lymphoblastic leukemia', BMC Genomics, vol. 5, no. 1.
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Abstract Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy and has been the poster-child for improved therapeutics in cancer, with life time disease-free survival (LTDFS) rates improving from <10% in 1970 to >80% today. There are numerous known genetic prognostic variables in ALL, which include T cell ALL, the hyperdiploid karyotype and the translocations: t(12;21)[TEL-AML1], t(4;11)[MLL-AF4], t(9;22)[BCR-ABL], and t(1;19)[E2A-PBX]. ALL has been studied at the molecular level through expression profiling resulting in un-validated expression correlates of these prognostic indices. To date, the great wealth of expression data, which has been generated in disparate institutions, representing an extremely large cohort of samples has not been combined to validate any of these analyses. The majority of this data has been generated on the Affymetrix platform, potentially making data integration and validation on independent sample sets a possibility. Unfortunately, because the array platform has been evolving over the past several years the arrays themselves have different probe sets, making direct comparisons difficult. To test the comparability between different array platforms, we have accumulated all Affymetrix ALL array data that is available in the public domain, as well as two sets of cDNA array data. In addition, we have supplemented this data pool by profiling additional diagnostic pediatric ALL samples in our lab. Lists of genes that are differentially expressed in the six major subclasses of ALL have previously been reported in the literature as possible predictors of the subclass. ...
Miyanaga, Y 2004, 'Special Section on Papers Selected from 2003 International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications (ITC-CSCC 2003)', IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES, vol. E87A, no. 6, pp. 1289-1289.
Nejadi, S & Gilbert, I 2004, 'Shrinkage cracking and crack control in restrained reinforced concrete members', ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL, vol. 101, no. 6, pp. 840-845.
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Cracking caused by shrinkage in restrained reinforced concrete members is considered both experimentally and analytically. Eight longitudinally restrained slab specimens with different reinforcement layouts were monitored for up to 150 days to measure the effects of shrinkage on the time-dependent development of direct tension cracking. Strains in both the reinforcement and the concrete were monitored throughout the tests. The age of the concrete when each crack developed, the crack locations, and the gradual change in crack widths with time were also recorded. An analytical model developed previously to study the problem by Gilbert is modified and recalibrated and the experimental results and analytical predictions are compared. The effects of varying the quantity of reinforcing steel, the bar diameter, and the bar spacing are studied to gain a clearer understanding of the mechanism of direct tension cracking caused by restrained shrinkage and the factors affecting it.
Nghiem, LD, Manis, A, Soldenhoff, K & Schäfer, AI 2004, 'Estrogenic hormone removal from wastewater using NF/RO membranes', Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 242, no. 1-2, pp. 37-45.
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Nghiem, LD, McCutcheon, J, Schäfer, AI & Elimelech, M 2004, 'The role of endocrine disrupters in water recycling: risk or mania?', Water Science and Technology, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 215-220.
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The widespread occurrence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as steroid hormones, in secondary wastewater effluents has become a major concern in the water recycling practice. This paper investigates the risk of steroid hormone breakthrough during nanofiltration membrane filtration in water recycling applications. The results indicate a dynamic equilibrium between adsorption and desorption of steroid hormone with regard to the membrane. This equilibrium can be pH dependent and there is a possibility for release of steroid hormones at high pH during membrane cleaning procedures or erratic pH variations. Increase in water recovery can severely increase the hormone breakthrough concentration. The results also indicate a possibility of accumulation of steroid hormones in the NF membrane, followed by subsequent release.
Nghiem, LD, Schäfer, AI & Elimelech, M 2004, 'Removal of Natural Hormones by Nanofiltration Membranes: Measurement, Modeling, and Mechanisms', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 1888-1896.
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Nguyen, HB, Rivers, EP, Knoblich, BP, Jacobsen, G, Muzzin, A, Ressler, JA & Tomlanovich, MC 2004, 'Early lactate clearance is associated with improved outcome in severe sepsis and septic shock*', Critical Care Medicine, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 1637-1642.
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Objective: Serial lactate concentrations can be used to examine disease severity in the intensive care unit. This study examines the clinical utility of the lactate clearance before intensive care unit admission (during the most proximal period of disease presentation) as an indicator of outcome in severe sepsis and septic shock. We hypothesize that a high lactate clearance in 6 hrs is associated with decreased mortality rate. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: An urban emergency department and intensive care unit over a 1-yr period. Patients: A convenience cohort of patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Interventions: Therapy was initiated in the emergency department and continued in the intensive care unit, including central venous and arterial catlieterization, antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, and inotropes when appropriate. Measurements and Main Results: Vital signs, laboratory values, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score were obtained at hour 0 (emergency department presentation), hour 6, and over the first 72 hrs of hospitalization. Therapy given in the emergency department and intensive care unit was recorded. Lactate clearance was defined as the percent decrease in lactate from emergency department presentation to hour 6. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent variables associated with mortality. One hundred and eleven patients were enrolled with mean age 64.9 ± 16.7 yrs, emergency department length of stay 6.3 ± 3.2 hrs, and overall in-hospital mortality rate 42.3%. Baseline APACHE II score was 20.2 ± 6.8 and lactate 6.9 ± 4.6 mmol/L. Survivors compared with nonsurvivors had a lactate clearance of 38.1 ± 34.6 vs. 12.0 ± 51.6%, respectively (p = .005). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of statistically significant univariate variables showed lactate clearance to have a significant inverse relationship with mortality (p = .04). ...
Nguyen, ND, Ahlborg, HG & Nguyen, TV 2004, 'Does hip strength measures account for the difference in hip fracture incidence between the Chinese and Caucasian populations?', Bone, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 998-999.
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Nguyen, TD, Nguyen, TA, Pham, MC, Piro, B, Normand, B & Takenouti, H 2004, 'Mechanism for protection of iron corrosion by an intrinsically electronic conducting polymer', Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, vol. 572, no. 2, pp. 225-234.
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NGUYEN, TT, TAYLOR, PWJ, REDDEN, RJ & FORD, R 2004, 'Genetic diversity estimates in Cicer using AFLP analysis', Plant Breeding, vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 173-179.
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AbstractAmplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to evaluate the genetic variation among cultivated chickpea and wild Cicer relatives. In total, 214 marker loci were assessed, of which 211 were polymorphic (98.6%) across the 95 accessions that represented 17 species of Cicer. The genetic variation within a species was highest in C. pinnatifidum followed by C. reticulatum and lowest in C. macracanthum. Three main species groups were identified by UPGMA clustering using Nei's pair‐wise distance calculations. Group I included the cultivated species C. arietinum, C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum. Within this group, C. reticulatum accessions were clustered closest to the C. arietinum cultivars ‘Lasseter’, ‘Kaniva’ and ‘Bumper’, supporting the hypothesis that C. reticulatum is the most probable progenitor of the cultivated species. Cicer bijugum, C. judaicum and C. pinnatifidum were clustered together creating group II. Group III contained all nine perennial species assessed and two annual species C. yamashitae and C. cuneatum. The genetic distance detected between group I and group III (0.13) was equivalent to the genetic distance detected between group I and group II (the primary and annual tertiary species, respectively; 0.14). This indicated that the perennial tertiary species may be as valuable for increasing variation to incorporate novel germplasm in the cultigen as the annual tertiary species.
Nguyen, TV, Center, JR & Eisman, JA 2004, 'Bone mineral density-independent association of quantitative ultrasound measurements and fracture risk in women', Osteoporosis International, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 942-947.
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Nguyen, TV, Center, JR & Eisman, JA 2004, 'Osteoporosis: underrated, underdiagnosed and undertreated', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 180, no. S5.
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Osteoporosis is: ■ Underrated Currently costs about $7 billion annually in Australia. Has high morbidity and 2-3-fold increase in risk of death after any major osteoporotic fracture. Genetic factors contribute highly to risk, modified by lifestyle and hormonal factors. ■ Underdiagnosed Bone density is a good predictor of subsequent risk. Anyone with a low-trauma fracture has osteoporosis unless proven otherwise. Every individual with a low trauma fracture should be investigated for exclusion of underlying osteoporosis and considered for effective treatment to reduce future fracture risk. More than 75% of women and about 90% of men with a high likelihood of osteoporosis are not investigated. ■ Undertreated More than 75% of those affected are not treated. Effective treatments (eg, hormone replacement therapy, selective oestrogen receptor modifiers and bisphosphonates) reduce fracture risk by 30%-60%. Simple measures like vitamin D and calcium supplementation and use of hip protectors can reduce hip fractures, particularly in institutionalised and housebound elderly people.
Nguyen, TV, Center, JR, Pocock, NA & Eisman, JA 2004, 'Limited utility of clinical indices for the prediction of symptomatic fracture risk in postmenopausal women', Osteoporosis International, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 49-55.
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Nguyen, TV, Vigneswaran, S, Huu, HN, Pokhrel, D & Viraraghavan, T 2004, 'Iron coated sponge in arsenic removal', Fluid - Particle Separations Journal, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 175-184.
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Arsenic (As) contamination in water has raised a grave concern in many regions of the world. Arsenic can lead to a number of health problems even at very low concentration. This paper presents the laboratory-scale experimental results on the specific treatment technology: iron coated sponge (IOCSp) adsorption in As removal. The results indicated that IOCSp could remove 47.3% to 65% of As (III) and As (V) after a 1 hour contact with IOCSp (initial As concentration = 260 μg/l; 0.15g sponge/100ml solution). A nine hour-adsorption led to a very high As removal efficiency (more than 92.4% removal for both As (III) and As (V)). Each gram of IOCSp adsorbed about 160μg of As (III) and As (V) upon a 9 hour - contact of IOCSp with the As solution. After adsorption, IOCSp can be easily regenerated by NaOH.
Nichol, JG 2004, 'Design of a leg system for quadruped gallop', Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering (English Edition), vol. 17, no. supp, pp. 1-1.
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Ohio State (OSU) and Stanford Universities are cooperating to understand quadruped galloping through the design of a self-contained, biomimetic, galloping robot. The leg for this quadruped was first designed at Ohio State University (OSU). A second-generation leg, with the same functional geometry, has been designed and tested at Stanford University. The objective of these tests was to determine that the single leg would be capable of prolonged operation at a velocity of 5 m/s, and that the control system, developed in simulation, would function under real-world conditions. The mechanical design of the quadruped is based on properties of biological quadruped animal legs. Important biomimetic design characteristics include minimal impact loss, elastic energy storage, and low inertia. The cable linkage, which works against a large spring to flex the knee, is uncoupled from the front-to-back hip actuator through a parallelogram-like cable mechanism. The controller developed for the leg is a direct adaptive fuzzy controller. The direct adaptive approach does not require system identification and can use heuristics to successfully control a complex system. With this controller, a single 2DOF leg constrained in yaw, pitch, roll and transverse translation can be successfully controlled. This controller was executed once each cycle at the top-of-flight. Parameters set by the controller were passed to PD controllers at each of the 2 joints: the hip and cable-actuated knee. The control of this leg required only 7 × 5 × 3 = 105 rules, each with a corresponding output for thigh and knee angle. This controller was implemented on an embedded processor attached to the leg. The leg reached a speed of 3 m/s. Modifications to the leg will increase this speed. The controller successfully adapted to the leg.
Nichol, JG, Singh, SPN, Waldron, KJ, Palmer, LR & Orin, DE 2004, 'System Design of a Quadrupedal Galloping Machine', The International Journal of Robotics Research, vol. 23, no. 10-11, pp. 1013-1027.
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In this paper we present the system design of a machine that we have constructed to study a quadrupedal gallop gait. The gallop gait is the preferred high-speed gait of most cursorial quadrupeds. To gallop, an animal must generate ballistic trajectories with characteristic strong impacts, coordinate leg movements with asymmetric footfall phasing, and effectively use compliant members, all the while maintaining dynamic stability. In this paper we seek to further understand the primary biological features necessary for galloping by building and testing a robotic quadruped similar in size to a large goat or antelope. These features include high-speed actuation, energy storage, on-line learning control, and high-performance attitude sensing. Because body dynamics are primarily influenced by the impulses delivered by the legs, the successful design and control of single leg energetics is a major focus of this work. The leg stores energy during flight by adding tension to a spring acting across an articulated knee. During stance, the spring energy is quickly released using a novel capstan design. As a precursor to quadruped control, two intelligent strategies have been developed for verification on a one-legged system. The Levenberg-Marquardt on-line learning method is applied to a simple heuristic controller and provides good control over height and forward velocity. Direct adaptive fuzzy control, which requires no system modeling but is more computationally expensive, exhibits better response. Using these techniques we have been successful in operating one leg at speeds necessary for a dynamic gallop of a machine of this scale. Another necessary component of quadruped locomotion is high-resolution and high-bandwidth attitude sensing. The large ground impact accelerations, which cause problems for any single traditional sensor, are overcome through the use of an inertial sensing approach using updates from optical sensors and vehicle kinematics.
Nixon, JW, Acton, CHC, Wallis, BA, Battistutta, D, Perry, C & Eager, DBM 2004, 'Preventing injuries on horizontal ladders and track rides', Injury Control and Safety Promotion, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 219-224.
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OBJECTIVES: This study examined the type of injury, fall heights and measures of impact attenuation of surfaces on which children fell from horizontal ladders and track rides. METHOD: All injured children who presented to two children's hospitals and received medical attention following a fall from a horizontal ladder or track ride in a public school or park during 1996--1997 were interviewed and the playground visited. RESULTS: The number of children who fell from horizontal ladders and track rides and presented to hospitals with injury was 118. Of those children, 105 were injured when they hit the ground and data were available on 102 of those playground undersurfaces. Fractures to the arm or wrist were the most common injury. The median height fallen by children was 1930 mm, 73% of injuries were from falls greater than 1800mm. In 41% of sites, the surface was deficient in impact absorbing properties for the height of the equipment. Fractures were no more likely on loose surfaces than other surfaces, such as rubber matting (p = 0.556) but more prevalent on compliant than non-compliant surfaces. Relative to falls occurring on noncompliant surfaces, the odds of a fracture occurring on a compliant surface was 2.67 (95% CI 0.88-8.14). CONCLUSIONS: Modification of the height of horizontal ladders and track rides to 1800mm is preferable to removal of such equipment. The prevalence of fractures on compliant surfaces suggests that the threshold of 200g or 1000 head injury criteria (HIC) needs to be revisited, or additional test criteria added to take account of change in momentum that is not presently accounted for with either g-max on HIC calculations.
O'Dwyer, MF, Potard, G & Burnett, IS 2004, 'A 16-Speaker 3D Audio-Visual Display Interface and Control System', Proceedings of ICAD 04. Tenth Meeting of the International Conference on Auditory Display.
Oppermann, I, Stoica, L, Rabbachin, A, Shelby, Z & Haapola, J 2004, 'UWB wireless sensor networks: UWEN - a practical example', IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 42, no. 12, pp. S27-S32.
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Perry, SW & Guan, L 2004, 'A Recurrent Neural Network for Detecting Objects in Sequences of Sector-Scan Sonar Images', IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 857-871.
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Perry, SW & Guan, L 2004, 'Pulse-Length-Tolerant Features and Detectors for Sector-Scan Sonar Imagery', IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 138-156.
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Pongchaiyakul, C, Nguyen, ND, Pongchaiyakul, C & Nguyen, TV 2004, 'Development and validation of a new clinical risk index for prediction of osteoporosis in Thai women.', J Med Assoc Thai, vol. 87, no. 8, pp. 910-916.
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The objective of this study was to develop and validate a new simple tool for identifying Thai women who are at high risk of having osteoporosis. A total of 322 women, aged > or = 45 years, were randomly divided into two cohorts: a development (n = 130) and a validation cohort (n = 192). Femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD were measured by LUNAR DPX-IQ densitometer. The prevalence of osteoporosis (defined by BMD T-scores < or = -2.5) was 33 per cent by either femoral neck or lumbar spine BMD. Khon Kaen Osteoporosis Study (KKOS), scoring based on age and weight was calculated and applied to the development cohort. Individuals with KKOS score < or = -1 were defined as 'high risk'; otherwise a 'low risk' was defined. In the validation cohort, the sensitivity and specificity of KKOS was 70 and 73 per cent, respectively. Furthermore, if the high risk individuals identified by KKOS are to be treated, and if the treatment reduces fracture incidence by 50 per cent and assuming that treatment cost is 10 bahts per day, then the cost to prevent one fracture is estimated to be 466,695 bahts per year. These data suggest that although age and body weight can be used to identify Thai women who are at high risk of having osteoporosis, its application to the general population requires further research to arrive at the optimal cost-benefit for the community.
Pongchaiyakul, C, Nguyen, TV, Kosulwat, V, Rojroongwasinkul, N, Charoenkiatkul, S, Eisman, JA & Rajatanavin, R 2004, 'Effects of physical activity and dietary calcium intake on bone mineral density and osteoporosis risk in a rural Thai population', Osteoporosis International, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 807-813.
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Potard, G & Burnett, I 2004, 'DECORRELATION TECHNIQUES FOR THE RENDERING OF APPARENT SOUND SOURCE WIDTH IN 3D AUDIO DISPLAYS', Proceedings of the International Conference on Digital Audio Effects, DAFx, pp. 280-284.
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The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the techniques and principles for rendering the apparent source extent of sound sources in 3D audio displays. We mainly focus on techniques that use decorrelation as a mean to decrease the Interaural Cross-Correlation Coefficient (IACC) which has a direct impact on the perceived source extent. We then present techniques where decorrelation is varied in time and frequency, allowing to create temporal and spectral variations in the spatial extent of sound sources. Frequency dependant decorrelation can be employed to create an effect where a sound is spatially split in its different frequency bands, these having different positions and spatial extents. We finally present results of psychoacoustic experiments aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of decorrelation based techniques for the rendering of sound source extent. We found that the intended source extent matches well the mean perceived source extent by subjects.
Potard, G & Burnett, IS 2004, 'A 3-D Audio Scene Description Scheme Based on XML', AES 25th Annual Conference: Metadata for Audio, pp. 102-112.
Potard, G & Burnett, IS 2004, 'Control and Measurement of Apparent Sound Source Width and its Applications to Sonification and Virtual Auditory Displays', Proceedings of ICAD 2004.
Qiu, DW & Ying, MS 2004, 'Characterizations of quantum automata', THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 312, no. 2-3, pp. 479-489.
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We define q quantum finite automata (qQFAs) and q quantum regular grammars (qQRGs), and verify that they are exactly equivalent to those measure-once quantum finite automata (MO-QFAs) in the literature. In particular, we define q quantum pushdown automat
Rivers, EP, Nguyen, HB, Huang, DT & Donnino, M 2004, 'Early Goal-Directed Therapy', Critical Care Medicine, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 314-315.
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Rong, L & Burnett, IS 2004, 'Application Level Session Hand-Off Management in a Ubiquitous Multimedia Environment', Proceedings of ICETE (3) 2004, pp. 223-229.
Ryu, H & Miyanaga, Y 2004, 'A study of image segmentation based on a robust data clustering method', Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science), vol. 87, no. 7, pp. 27-35.
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AbstractThis paper considers intelligent image clustering and proposes a clustering method based on the self‐organizing mechanism, which is an adaptive and autonomous algorithm. The proposed method solves the problem of initial value setting, which has been a difficulty in the conventional clustering method, and has the feature that the effective clusters are always self‐organized. A method is realized which is robust and does not require empirical setting of the initial value. Thus, the effective initial cluster can always be selected for various kinds of data sets, and an excellent clustering is obtained. A method is proposed in which these features are utilized in image segmentation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(7): 27–35, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10154
Saco, PM & Kumar, P 2004, 'Kinematic dispersion effects of hillslope velocities', Water Resources Research, vol. 40, no. 1.
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When the flow parameters, such as celerity and hydrodynamic coefficient, are allowed to vary spatially within a basin, three mechanisms, namely, geomorphologic, kinematic, and hydrodynamic dispersion, contribute to the variance of the instantaneous response function. The relative contributions of the three dispersion mechanisms as a function of scale, or Strahler order of the basin, were studied earlier by Saco and Kumar [2002a, 2002b]. In this study we investigate the main mechanisms that are responsible for the variance when we take into account the hillslope dynamics. We use an approach similar to that derived by Saco and Kumar [2002a, 2002b], but for width functions, to compute the relative contributions of geomorphologic and kinematic dispersion due to hillslope celerities. We find that the kinematic dispersion due to hillslopes does not tend to reinforce the effect of geomorphologic dispersion; rather, it tends to counteract it. This means that the effect of hillslopes tends to “decrease” the variance induced by the geomorphology of the network. For hillslope celerities that are very small compared with channel celerities, the travel times in the hillslopes begin to be of the same order of magnitude as those in the network. If the celerity continues to decrease, all the variance is induced by the travel times at the hillslopes and the impact of geomorphologic dispersion becomes negligible.
Saidur, R, Nasrudin, AR, Masjuki, HH, Choudhury, IA, Mahlia, TMI & Husnawan, M 2004, 'Development of Energy Test Procedure for Household Refrigerator-Freezers in Malaysia', International Journal of Power and Energy Systems, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 46-55.
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Refrigerator-freezer energy consumption is greatly influenced by room temperature, thermostat setting positions, and door openings. To develop a realistic test procedure with respect to climatic conditions and usage patterns prevailing in a given country, the effect of these parameters on refrigerator-freezer energy consumption has to be taken into consideration. In order to do so, we have tested six household refrigerator-freezers of different capacities and brands in the laboratory. Using response surface methodology (RSM), we developed a mathematical model to co-relate energy consumption as a function of room temperature, thermostat setting positions, and door opening. Finally, modelled energy consumption was compared with the ISO specified standard energy consumption and field energy consumption to justify the possibilities of introducing ISO refrigerator-freezer energy test procedure in Malaysia. Based on the above comparison, we observed that ISO test standards can be adopted for testing and rating of these appliances in Malaysia.
Salim, W & Indraratna, B 2004, 'A new elastoplastic constitutive model for coarse granular aggregates incorporating particle breakage', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 657-671.
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A new elastoplastic stressstrain constitutive model is developed for granular coarse aggregates incorporating the degradation of particles during triaxial shearing. Coarse granular aggregates are subjected to breakage during excessive stress changes. Most of the available constitutive models do not consider the degradation of particles during shearing. In the current model, a plastic flow rule has been developed incorporating the energy consumption due to particle breakage during shear deformation. A non-associated flow and a kinematic type yield locus have been adopted in the model. A general formulation for the rate of particle breakage during shearing has been developed and incorporated in the plastic flow rule. The effects of particle breakage on the plastic distortional and volumetric deformations are incorporated in the current model. The stressstrain formulations are developed within the general critical state framework. The model can accurately predict the stressstrain and volume change behaviour of coarse granular aggregates. The plastic dilation and contraction features of coarse aggregates at various confining pressures are well captured, and the strain-hardening and post-peak strain-softening behaviour of coarse granular media is adequately represented. A particular feature of the model is its capability to predict the degree of particle breakage at any stage of shear deformation.Key words: constitutive modelling, coarse granular aggregates, particle breakage, dilatancy, non-associated flow, plasticity.
Satoh, H, Yoshida, N & Miyanaga, Y 2004, 'Analysis of Polarization Plane Rotation Property in 2D Photonic Crystal Waveguide with Chiral Medium by Condensed Node Spatial Network', IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials, vol. 124, no. 3, pp. 229-235.
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Shamiryan, D, Abell, T, Iacopi, F & Maex, K 2004, 'Low-k dielectric materials', Materials Today, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 34-39.
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The integration of low dielectric constant (k) materials in microelectronic circuits was discussed. The various ways to reduce the dielectric constant of materials were also discussed. The studies show that the dielectric constant of materials can be reduced by selecting chemical bonds with low polarizability and by introducing porosity. The thermal, chemical, physical and mechanical stability requirements, as well as the reliability criteria that must be met by low-k materials, for their application in microelectronic circuits, were also discussed.
Shamiryan, D, Abell, T, Iacopi, F & Maex, K 2004, 'Low-k dielectric materials', MATERIALS TODAY, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 34-39.
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Shao, KR, Guo, Y & Lavers, JD 2004, 'Multiresolution Analysis for Reconstruction of Conductivity Profiles in Eddy Current Nondestructive Evaluation Using Probe Impedance Data', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 2101-2103.
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Sharma, A & Agrawal, A 2004, 'New method for nonparaxial beam propagation', Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1082-1082.
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Sharma, D, Madamba, SE & Chan, MRL 2004, 'Electricity industry reforms in the Philippines', Energy Policy, vol. 32, no. 13, pp. 1487-1497.
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The privatization of the electricity industry appears to be the leitmotif of the Philippine electricity reform. The restructuring of the industry is expected to make it malleable enough for the private sector to then mould it-with support from pro-private-market regulation-into an efficient enterprise. This, the argument continues, will have a vivifying effect on all spheres of the economy. A deeper review of the proposed reform program however suggests that much of the underlying argumentation relating to the why and how of the reform program is untenable. It is based largely on perceptions and unfounded beliefs rather than reality and meaningful analysis. This could result in the obfuscation of real challenges confronting the Philippine electricity industry and preclude consideration of meaningful alternatives to improve industry performance. The broad contours of such alternatives could include competitive sourcing of new generation capacity, publicly owned transmission and distribution networks, a regulated retail segment and responsive regulatory and governance arrangements capable of conciliating the aspirations of various interests groups in a transparent and efficacious manner. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Sharon, LLO, Kim, J-H, Nettleton, E & Sukkarieh, S 2004, 'Airborne decentralised SLAM under low-bandwidth communications', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 862-867.
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Sheng, D, Sloan, SW & Gens, A 2004, 'A constitutive model for unsaturated soils: thermomechanical and computational aspects', Computational Mechanics, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 453-465.
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Shim, WG, Chaudhary, DS, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH, Lee, JW & Moon, H 2004, 'Mathematical modeling of granular activated carbon (GAC) biofiltration system', KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 212-220.
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In this study, a mathematical model of a fixed bed Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) biofiltration system was developed to predict the organic removal efficiency of the filter. The model consists of bulk transportation, adsorption, utilization, and biodegradation of organics. The variation of the specific surface area due to biofilm growth and the effect of filter backwash were also included in the model. The intrapellet diffusion and the diffusion of substrate in the biofilm were described by linear driving force approximation (LDFA) method. Biodegradation of organics was described by Monod kinetics. Sips adsorption isotherm was used to analyze the initial adsorption equilibrium of the system. The model showed that the organic removal efficiency of the biofilter greatly depends on the parameters related to the biological activities such as the maximum rate of substrate utilization (kmax) and biomass yield (Y) coefficients. Parameters such as suspended cell concentration (Xs) and decay constant (Kd) had little effects on the model simulation results. The filter backwash also had no significant impact on the performance of the biofilter.
Shon, HK, Guo, WS, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH & Kim, IS 2004, 'Effect of flocculation in membrane-flocculation hybrid system in water reuse', SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 1871-1883.
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Preflocculation reduces the fouling of membranes in cross-flow microfiltration (CFM) thus leading to high quality product water at economic filtration flux. As such, this hybrid system will have a major impact in treating the biologically treated sewage effluent. The preflocculation achieved through the floating medium flocculation (FMF) was found to increase the phosphorus removal up to 96%. The decline in microfiltration permeate flux with time was reduced by the incorporation of flocculation. However, the improvement in the removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was marginal from 20% with membrane alone to 46% with the membrane-flocculation hybrid system). The flocculation followed by adsorption its pre-treatment helped to increase the DOC removal as high as 98%. Flocculation was found to remove more than 66% of colloidal effluent organic matter (EfOM). An attempt was also made to quantify the hydrophobic fraction in the pretreated effluent and to identify the molecular weight (MW) range of organics removed by the flocculation. The pretreatment of flocculation was found to remove 68.5%, 61.8%, and 62.9% of hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and transphilic organic matter. The MW size distribution analysis indicated that flocculation with ferric chloride removed a majority of organic matter in the MW range of 300-5000 Da.
Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Kim, IS, Cho, J & Ngo, HH 2004, 'Effect of pretreatment on the fouling of membranes: application in biologically treated sewage effluent', JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, vol. 234, no. 1-2, pp. 111-120.
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Reuse of wastewater can help in maintaining environmental quality and relieving the unrelenting pressure on conventional and natural freshwater sources. Membrane processes find an important place in the wastewater treatment for reuse. Nonetheless, reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF), i.e. non-porous membranes require higher operational costs and energy. Thus, in this research NTR 7410 ultrafiltration (UF) membrane which is porous was used without and with pretreatment to treat biologically treated sewage effluent (BTSE). Four different pretreatment methods, namely, ferric chloride (FeCl3) flocculation, powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption, flocculation followed by adsorption, and granular activated carbon (GAC) biofilter were used in this study to compare their relative merits. Experimental results indicate that the most suitable pretreatment was flocculation followed by adsorption leading to a total organic carbon (TOC) removal of 90%. To assess the suitability of the membranes, it is important to conduct a detailed membrane characterization. The fouled NTR 7410 membrane surface was analyzed in terms of contact angle, zeta potential, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), flux decline, and TOC removal. The contact angle of the fouled membrane surface was lower than that of the clean membrane surface. This suggests that the majority of the foulants may have been the hydrophilic organic compounds such as polysaccharides, urea, etc. which are the extracellular enzyme of microorganisms in BTSE
Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Kim, IS, Cho, J & Ngo, HH 2004, 'The effect of pretreatment to ultrafiltration of biologically treated sewage effluent: a detailed effluent organic matter (EfOM) characterization', WATER RESEARCH, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 1933-1939.
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Ultrafiltration alone can remove only a portion of the effluent organic matter (EfOM) from biologically treated sewage effluent (BTSE). Use of pretreatment not only improves the EfOM removal but also reduces the membrane fouling. In this research, NTR 7410 ultrafiltration membrane was employed to remove EfOM from BTSE. Different pretreatments namely FeCl3 flocculation and powder activated carbon adsorption were evaluated. The highest removal of organic matter was observed when flocculation followed by adsorption was used as pretreatment. The flocculation and adsorption removed 68.5% and 71.4% of hydrophobic organics, respectively. The molecular weight (MW) of the EfOM in BTSE ranged from 300 to about 400,000Da. After the flocculation pretreatment, the majority of large MW organic matter was removed. The pretreatment of the flocculation followed by adsorption led to very high removal of both small and large organic matter. Further, this pretreatment led to practically no filtration flux decline. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Shou, Y-W & Lin, C-T 2004, 'Image Descreening by GA-CNN-Based Texture Classification', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 2287-2299.
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Smith, D, Lukasiak, J & Burnett, I 2004, 'Two Channel, Block Adaptive Audio Separation Using the Cross Correlation of Time Frequency Information', INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS AND BLIND SIGNAL SEPARATION, vol. 3195, pp. 889-897.
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Smith, PJ, Vigneswaran, S, Huu, HN, Ben-Aim, R & Nguyen, H 2004, 'Investigation of membrane de-clogging techniques in the Submerged Membrane Filtration Adsorption Hybrid System (SMFAHS)', Fluid - Particle Separations Journal, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 165-173.
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Membrane clogging is a major obstacle to the successful operation of the membrane separation process. A submerged hollow fibre membrane with powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption (adsorption-membrane hybrid system) was used for the removal of organics from a synthetic wastewater representative of biologically treated sewage effluent. PAC usage successfully adsorbs the majority of the organics, and then the organic laden PAC is separated by the membrane reducing the direct organic loading to the membrane. However, membrane clogging still occurs. This study involved the development of an automation system and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system for performing an investigation and evaluation of three automated de-clogging techniques. The first de-clogging method involved the use of periodic relaxation, whereby permeate production for 12 minutes was periodically stopped for 3 minutes and the shear forces created by the aeration system and the absence of suction pressure during the relaxation period were used to de-clog the membrane. The second de-clogging method involved the use of a series of periodic back flush experiments with varied frequencies and durations to force permeate in the opposite direction out through the membrane pores. The optimal results in terms of de-clogging the membrane were achieved using a 15 second backflush after 15 minutes of permeate production. The third de-clogging method involved the application of an understanding of results of the periodic back flush series of experiments to design an automation system with a new approach to backflushing where an upper limit of a transmembrane pressure (TMP) increase each cycle was used to initiate the backflush. The transmembrane pressure represents the pressure measured across the membrane and it is a vital parameter indicating the degree of fouling of the membrane. A periodic backflush was found to be significantly more effective in terms of increasing the total ...
Staab, S, Bhargava, B, Lilien, L, Rosenthal, A, Winslett, M, Sloman, M, Dillon, TS, Chang, E, Hussain, FK, Nejdl, W, Olmedilla, D & Kashyap, V 2004, 'The Pudding of Trust', IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 74-88.
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The role of trust in pervasive computing environment is discussed. The use of trust paradigm requires careful selection of useful trust aspects needed for the system being designed. Any exchange of an entity's private information for a gain in its partner's trust depends on satisfactory limits on its further dissemination. The organization's policies should describe who can do what under what circumstances to establish trust.
Stallings, RL, Carty, P, McArdle, L, Mullarkey, M, McDermott, M, O'Meara, A, Ryan, E, Catchpoole, D & Breatnach, F 2004, 'Evolution of unbalanced gain of distal chromosome 2p in neuroblastoma', CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH, vol. 106, no. 1, pp. 49-54.
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Neuroblastoma, one of the most common tumors of childhood, presents at diagnosis with a vast number of recurrent chromosomal imbalances that include hyperdiploidy for whole chromosomes, partial loss of 1p, 3p, 4p, 11q, 14q, partial gain of 1q, 7q, 17q and amplification of MYCN. These abnormalities are nonrandomly distributed in neuroblastoma as loss of 3p and 11q rarely occur in MYCN amplified neuroblastomas. Here, we report on a patient who had a non-MYCN amplified 3p-/11q- neuroblastoma at diagnosis who subsequently developed a high level of MYCN amplification in bone marrow metastases 41 months after induction of complete remission. The tumor at diagnosis had low level unbalanced gain of distal 2p. In order to assess the frequency of low level gain of distal 2p in neuroblastoma, we examined the comparative genomic hybridization results from 60 neuroblastomas. Among non-MYCN amplified neuroblastomas, 8/45 (18%) had low level gain of distal 2p. Low level gain for a segment of 2p (i.e. a region larger than the 2p23→p24 undergoing amplification) was also detected in five of the 15 tumors that had high level MYCN amplification. The possibility that low level gain of distal 2p is a risk factor for high level MYCN amplification is discussed. Copyright © 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Stewart, MG 2004, 'Spatial variability of pitting corrosion and its influence on structural fragility and reliability of RC beams in flexure', Structural Safety, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 453-470.
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A stochastic process for assessing the effect of spatial variability of pitting corrosion on structural reliability and fragility is developed for singly reinforced simply supported reinforced concrete (RC) beams in flexure. A distribution of pitting corrosion is inferred from existing literature. The RC beam is discretised into a series of elements and maximum pit depths are generated for each reinforcing steel bar in each element. The analysis considered various member spans, loading ratios, bar diameters and number of bars in a given cross-section. Comparisons made with general corrosion showed that pitting corrosion is more critical for smaller diameter reinforcing steel bars. It was also found that up to a three-fold increase in 50-year probabilities of failure were observed if spatial variability of pitting corrosion are included in the analysis when compared to probabilities of failure based on the mid-span limit states only. This strongly suggests that the inclusion of spatial variability of pitting corrosion can lead to significant decreases in structural reliability for flexural RC members. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Stewart, MG, Estes, AC & Frangopol, DM 2004, 'Bridge Deck Replacement for Minimum Expected Cost Under Multiple Reliability Constraints', Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 130, no. 9, pp. 1414-1419.
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The present paper investigates the effect of limit state selection (strength versus serviceability) on bridge deck life-cycle costs and thus on optimal repair strategies. Such a comparison may then help determine whether safety or functionality (or both) are important criteria when optimizing bridge life-cycle performance and costs. The structural element under consideration is a reinforced concrete bridge deck; namely, a State Highway Bridge in Colorado. Two limit states are considered: ultimate strength and serviceability. The exceedence of either of the limit states considered herein will result in deck replacement; namely, if the reliability index falls below a target reliability index or if widespread cracking and spalling occurs. The life-cycle cost analysis includes expected replacement costs as well as the random variability of material properties, loads, section dimensions, model errors, chloride penetration, and corrosion rates. Life-cycle costs can then be compared for strength and serviceability limit state violations. Life-cycle costs for deck replacement based on a serviceability limit state were generally larger than those obtained for the strength limit states. Hence, an unrealistically optimistic life-cycle cost will result when serviceability is not included in the analysis.
Su, SW, Bao, J & Lee, PL 2004, 'Analysis of decentralized integral controllability for nonlinear systems', COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 1781-1787.
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his paper extends the concept of decentralized integral controllability to nonlinear process, and presents a steady state sufficient condition by using the singular perturbation theory. A numerical method is provided to facilitate the analysis of the proposed condition and is illustrated using an example of a dual tank level control system.
Tabiin, MT, White, CP, Morahan, G & Tuch, BE 2004, 'Insulin expressing hepatocytes not destroyed in transgenic NOD mice', Journal of Autoimmune Diseases, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 3-3.
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Abstract Background The liver has been suggested as a suitable target organ for gene therapy of Type 1 diabetes. However, the fundamental issue whether insulin-secreting hepatocytes in vivo will be destroyed by the autoimmune processes that kill pancreatic β cells has not been fully addressed. It is possible that the insulin secreting liver cells will be destroyed by the immune system because hepatocytes express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and exhibit constitutive Fas expression; moreover the liver has antigen presenting activity. Together with previous reports that proinsulin is a possible autoantigen in the development of Type 1 diabetes, the autoimmune destruction of insulin producing liver cells is a distinct possibility. Methods To address this question, transgenic Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice which express insulin in the liver were made using the Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK) promoter to drive the mouse insulin I gene (Ins). Results The liver cells were found to possess preproinsulin mRNA, translate (pro)insulin in vivo and release it when exposed to 100 nmol/l glucagon in vitro. The amount of insulin produced was however significantly lower than that produced by the pancreas. The transgenic PEPCK-Ins NOD mice became diabetic at 20–25 weeks of age, with blood glucose levels of 24.1 ± 1.7 mmol/l. Haematoxylin and eosin staining of liver sections from these transgenic NOD PEPCK-Ins mice revealed the absence of an infiltrate of immune cells, a feature tha...
Thakkinstian, A, D'Este, C, Eisman, J, Nguyen, T & Attia, J 2004, 'Meta-Analysis of Molecular Association Studies: Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and BMD as a Case Study', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 419-428.
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Abstract With the rise of molecular and genetic epidemiology, molecular association studies are increasingly common; however, meta-analysis of these studies has been a neglected area. This study performed a meta-analysis of the association of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and BMD. We also highlight methodological issues that need to be resolved. Introduction: With the rise of molecular and genetic epidemiology, molecular association studies are increasingly common; however, meta-analysis of these studies has been a neglected area. This study performed a meta-analysis of the association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and BMD/osteoporosis and highlights methodological issues. Materials and Methods: Studies published from 1994 to 2001 were identified through Medline using PubMed software. The reference lists of the articles retrieved were also reviewed. Where eligible papers had insufficient information, we contacted authors by mail (up to three mailings) for additional information. Any observational study, which tested the association between VDR BsmI genotypes and either BMD or osteoporosis at the femoral neck or spine in adult women, was included in the review. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers (AT and JA) using a standardized data extraction form. Results: The B allele was significantly associated with BMD at the spine; it seemed to follow a recessive model, with the BB genotype having lower BMD than Bb/bb genotypes at baseline, which led to greater bone mineral loss over time. Highlighted methodological lessons included the need to check Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the importance of exploring heterogeneity, pooling data in a manner that is sensitive to genetic models, and avoiding multiple comparisons. Conclusion: With the pr...
Tien, VN, Chaudhary, DS, Ngo, HH & Vigneswaran, S 2004, 'Arsenic in water: Concerns and treatment technologies', JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 337-348.
Tran, N, Raponi, M, Dawes, IW & Arndt, GM 2004, 'Control of specific gene expression in mammalian cells by co‐expression of long complementary RNAs', FEBS Letters, vol. 573, no. 1-3, pp. 127-134.
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The use of long double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) for gene silencing in mammalian cells has generally been restricted to embryonic cell types and proposed to induce non‐specific effects on gene expression in differentiated cells. In this study, we report that foreign and endogenous gene expression can be regulated in immortalised human cell lines by co‐expression of long complementary RNAs with the potential to form dsRNA. The observed gene silencing effect was transferable to recipient control cells, occurred independently of cytoplasmic Dicer and produced an epi‐allelic series of clones suitable for gene function studies. This complementary RNA co‐expression approach permits the use of long complementary RNAs for regulating specific gene expression in mammalian cells.
Tuan, HD, Apkarian, P, Narikiyo, T & Kanota, M 2004, 'New Fuzzy Control Model and Dynamic Output Feedback Parallel Distributed Compensation', IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 13-21.
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A new fuzzy modeling based on fuzzy linear fractional transformations model is introduced. This new representation is shown to be a flexible tool for handling complicated nonlinear models. Particularly, the new fuzzy model provides an efficient and tract
Varman, M, Masjuki, HH & Mahlia, TMI 2004, 'Emission mitigation from implementation of minimum energy performance standard (MEPS) for TVs in Malaysia', Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 282-287.
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Verma, B, Blumenstein, M & Ghosh, M 2004, 'A novel approach for structural feature extraction: Contour vs. direction', Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 975-988.
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The paper presents a novel approach for extracting structural features from segmented cursive handwriting. The proposed approach is based on the contour code and stroke direction. The contour code feature utilises the rate of change of slope along the contour profile in addition to other properties such as the ascender and descender count, start point and end point. The direction feature identifies individual line segments or strokes from the character's outer boundary or thinned representation and highlights each character's pertinent direction information. Each feature is investigated employing a benchmark database and the experimental results using the proposed contour code based structural feature are very promising. A comparative evaluation with the directional feature and existing transition feature is included. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Vertechy, R, Castelli, VP & Waldron, K 2004, 'Electro/Magneto-Sensitive Elastomers and Lagrangian Electro/Magneto-Statics', Chiang Mai Journal of Science, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 287-292.
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Vidal, T, Castel, A & François, R 2004, 'Analyzing crack width to predict corrosion in reinforced concrete', Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 165-174.
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Vidal-Calleja, T, Andrade-Cetto, J & Sanfeliu, A 2004, 'Estimator stability analysis in SLAM', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 346-351.
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This work presents an analysis of the state estimation error dynamics for a linear system within the Kalman filter based approach to Simultaneous Localization and Map Building. Our objective is to demonstrate that such dynamics is marginally stable. The paper also presents the necessary modifications required in the observation model, in order to guarantee zero mean stable error dynamics. Simulations for a one-dimensional robot and a planar vehicle are presented.
Vigneswaran, S, Shon, HK, Boonthanon, S, Ngo, HH & Aim, RB 2004, 'Membrane-flocculation-adsorption hybrid system in wastewater treatment: micro and nano size organic matter removal', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 265-271.
Voinov, A, Bromley, L, Kirk, E, Korchak, A, Farley, J, Moiseenko, T, Krasovskaya, T, Makarova, Z, Megorski, V, Selin, V, Kharitonova, G & Edson, R 2004, 'Understanding human and ecosystem dynamics in the Kola Arctic: A participatory integrated study', ARCTIC, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 375-388.
Waldecker, U 2004, 'Limited range of motion of the lesser MTP joints—a cause of metatarsalgia', Foot and Ankle Surgery, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 149-154.
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Waldron, KJ 2004, 'Untitled - Editorial', Mechanism and Machine Theory, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 341-341.
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Wang, J 2004, 'Pseudolite Augmentation for GPS Aided Aerial Photogrammetry: An Analysis of Systematic Errors.', Geomatics Research Australasia, vol. 81, pp. 30-44.
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GPS has been widely used as a geo-referencing tool in aerial surveying. However, the accuracy and availability of GPS positioning cannot meet the stringent requirements of large-scale photogrammetry. Ground-based pseudolites can strengthen measurement geometry for GPS based airborne geo-referencing systems. As a result, positioning accuracy and reliability can be improved, especially in the vertical component. However, as pseudolites are comparatively close to receivers, some challenging issues in systematic error analyses and modeling need to be further investigated. In this paper, the major systematic errors related to pseudolites, such as tropospheric delay, multipath and pseudolite location errors are analysed, and their impacts on the performance of an integrated GPS/Pseudolite airborne geo- reference system are presented.
Wei, D, Han, J, Tieu, K & Jiang, Z 2004, 'Simulation of crack healing in BCC Fe', Scripta Materialia, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 583-587.
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Wei, JS, Greer, BT, Westermann, F, Steinberg, SM, Son, C-G, Chen, Q-R, Whiteford, CC, Bilke, S, Krasnoselsky, AL, Cenacchi, N, Catchpoole, D, Berthold, F, Schwab, M & Khan, J 2004, 'Prediction of Clinical Outcome Using Gene Expression Profiling and Artificial Neural Networks for Patients with Neuroblastoma', Cancer Research, vol. 64, no. 19, pp. 6883-6891.
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Abstract Currently, patients with neuroblastoma are classified into risk groups (e.g., according to the Children’s Oncology Group risk-stratification) to guide physicians in the choice of the most appropriate therapy. Despite this careful stratification, the survival rate for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma remains <30%, and it is not possible to predict which of these high-risk patients will survive or succumb to the disease. Therefore, we have performed gene expression profiling using cDNA microarrays containing 42,578 clones and used artificial neural networks to develop an accurate predictor of survival for each individual patient with neuroblastoma. Using principal component analysis we found that neuroblastoma tumors exhibited inherent prognostic specific gene expression profiles. Subsequent artificial neural network-based prognosis prediction using expression levels of all 37,920 good-quality clones achieved 88% accuracy. Moreover, using an artificial neural network-based gene minimization strategy in a separate analysis we identified 19 genes, including 2 prognostic markers reported previously, MYCN and CD44, which correctly predicted outcome for 98% of these patients. In addition, these 19 predictor genes were able to additionally partition Children’s Oncology Group-stratified high-risk patients into two subgroups according to their survival status (P = 0.0005). Our findings provide evidence of a gene expression signature that can predict prognosis independent of currently known risk factors and could assist physicians in the individual management of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma.
Weily, AR, Esselle, KP & Sanders, BC 2004, 'Layer-by-layer photonic crystal horn antenna', Physical Review E, vol. 70, no. 3.
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Weily, AR, Horvath, L, Esselle, KP & Sanders, BC 2004, 'Performance of PML absorbing boundary conditions in 3D photonic crystal waveguides', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 1-3.
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AbstractWe present a numerical analysis of the performance of three‐dimensional (3D) perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) in a photonic crystal (PC) waveguide. This formulation dramatically reduces the reflections from the ends of the PC waveguide, leading to highly accurate transmittance and reflectance calculations for waveguide components. The 3D PC‐based PML ABC is demonstrated to give good results when used to analyze a 90° bend in a 3D PC waveguide. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 1–3, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11268
White, AB, Kumar, P, Saco, PM, Rhoads, BL & Yen, BC 2004, 'Hydrodynamic and geomorphologic dispersion: scale effects in the Illinois River Basin', Journal of Hydrology, vol. 288, no. 3-4, pp. 237-257.
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White, R & Dovey, K 2004, 'Knowledge construction in an Australian software development enterprise: developing the knowledge bases for innovative renewal', International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 405-405.
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Wijesoma, WS, Kodagoda, KRS & Balasuriya, AP 2004, 'Road-Boundary Detection and Tracking Using Ladar Sensing', IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 456-464.
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Wijesoma, WS, Kodagoda, S & Balasuriya, A 2004, 'Road Boundary Detection and Tracking Using LADAR Sensing', IEEE Transactions On Robotics, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 456-464.
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Road-boundary detection is an integral and important function in advanced driver-assistance systems and autonomous vehicle navigation systems. A prominent feature of roads in urban, semi-urban, and similar environments, such as in theme parks, campus sites, industrial estates, science parks, and the like, is curbs on either side defining the road's boundary. Although vision is the most common and popular sensing modality used by researchers and automotive manufacturers for road-lane detection, it can pose formidable challenges in detecting road curbs under poor illumination, bad weather, and complex driving environments. This paper proposes a novel method based on extended Kalman filtering for fast detection and tracking of road curbs using successive range/bearing readings obtained from a scanning two-dimensional ladar measurement system. As compared with millimeter wave radar methods reported in the literature, the proposed technique is simpler and computationally more efficient. This is the first of its kind reported in the literature. Qualitative experimental results are presented from the application of the technique to a campus site environment to demonstrate the viability, effectiveness, and robustness.
Wong, PKK, Young, L, Vaile, JH, Tan, L, Bertouch, JV, Bleasel, JF & White, C 2004, 'Telopeptides as markers of bone turnover in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis', Internal Medicine Journal, vol. 34, no. 9-10, pp. 539-544.
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AbstractAims: The aim of the present study was to determine if urinary excretion of type I collagen N‐terminal telopeptides (UrNTx) and deoxypyridinoline (UrDPD) and serum levels of type I collagen C‐terminal telopeptides (SeCTx) differed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with populations matched for age and gender with and without osteoarthritis (OA). The correlation of markers of bone turnover with disease activity in patients with RA or radiographic severity in patients with OA was also examined.Methods: Patients with RA aged >50 years (men) and >60 years (women) were identified from computer databases at two tertiary referral centres for rheumatology. Strict exclusion criteria were applied to avoid the effects of factors known to influence markers of bone turnover. Patients with RA and OA were matched for age and sex with a control population free of known arthritic disease and a population with OA. Bone markers were assayed in serum and urine. Urine markers were measured on three consecutive days and mean values used to minimize day‐to‐day variability of these analytes.Results: The level of UrNTx was elevated in patients with RA compared with normal controls and patients with OA. UrNTx and UrDPD correlated with markers of disease activity in patients with RA (erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C‐reactive protein), but not with clinical signs of inflammation (swollen and tender joint counts). Patients with OA failed to show any correlation between markers of bone turnover and radiographic severity.Conclusions: These data support a role for the use of UrNTx and UrDPD in further studies of the pathophysiology of RA and in longitudinal studies designed to modify the course of clinical disease. (Intern Med J 2004; 34: 539−544)
Wu, C, Hao, H, Lu, Y & Sun, S 2004, 'Numerical simulation of structural responses on a sand layer to blast induced ground excitations', Computers & Structures, vol. 82, no. 9-10, pp. 799-814.
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Wu, C, Lu, Y & Hao, H 2004, 'Numerical prediction of blast‐induced stress wave from large‐scale underground explosion', International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 93-109.
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AbstractThis paper presents a numerical model for predicting the dynamic response of rock mass subjected to large‐scale underground explosion. The model is calibrated against data obtained from large‐scale field tests. The Hugoniot equation of state for rock mass is adopted to calculate the pressure as a function of mass density. A piecewise linear Drucker–Prager strength criterion including the strain rate effect is employed to model the rock mass behaviour subjected to blast loading. A double scalar damage model accounting for both the compression and tension damage is introduced to simulate the damage zone around the charge chamber caused by blast loading. The model is incorporated into Autodyn3D through its user subroutines. The numerical model is then used to predict the dynamic response of rock mass, in terms of the peak particle velocity (PPV) and peak particle acceleration (PPA) attenuation laws, the damage zone, the particle velocity time histories and their frequency contents for large‐scale underground explosion tests. The computed results are found in good agreement with the field measured data; hence, the proposed model is proven to be adequate for simulating the dynamic response of rock mass subjected to large‐scale underground explosion. Extended numerical analyses indicate that, apart from the charge loading density, the stress wave intensity is also affected, but to a lesser extent, by the charge weight and the charge chamber geometry for large‐scale underground explosions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wu, M & Yu, P 2004, 'The Demands of China's Higher Educational Institutions in Developing Health Informatics Program Facing the Challenges of the 21st Century', Journal of Medical Intelligence (In Mandarin), vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 1-4.
Xu, M, Duan, L-Y, Cai, J, Chia, L-T, Xu, C & Tian, Q 2004, 'HMM-Based Audio Keyword Generation', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 3333, pp. 566-574.
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With the exponential growth in the production creation of multimedia data, there is an increasing need for video semantic analysis. Audio, as a significant part of video, provides important cues to human perception when humans are browsing and understanding video contents. To detect semantic content by useful audio information, we introduce audio keywords which are sets of specific audio sounds related to semantic events. In our previous work, we designed a hierarchical Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier for audio keyword identification. However, a weakness of our previous work is that audio signals are artificially segmented into 20 ms frames for frame-based SVM identification without any contextual information. In this paper, we propose a classification method based on Hidden Markov Modal (HMM) for audio keyword identification as an improved work instead of using hierarchical SVM classifier. Choosing HMM is motivated by the successful story of HMM in speech recognition. Unlike the frame-based SVM classification followed by major voting, our proposed HMM-based classifiers treat specific sound as a continuous time series data and employ hidden states transition to capture context information. In particular, we study how to find an effective HMM, i.e., determining topology, observation vectors and statistical parameters of HMM. We also compare different HMM structures with different hidden states, and adjust time series data with variable length. Experimental data includes 40 minutes basketball audio which comes from real-time sports games. Experimental results show that, for audio keyword generation, the proposed HMM-based method outperforms the previous hierarchical SVM. © Springer-Verlag 2004.
Yoshizawa, S, Hayasaka, N, Wada, N & Miyanaga, Y 2004, 'Cepstral amplitude range normalization for noise robust speech recognition', IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, vol. E87-D, no. 8, pp. 2130-2137.
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This paper describes a noise robustness technique that normalizes the cepstral amplitude range in order to remove the influence of additive noise. Additive noise causes speech feature mismatches between testing and training environments and it degrades recognition accuracy in noisy environments. We presume an approximate model that expresses the influence by changing the amplitude range and the DC component in the log-spectra. According to this model, we propose a cepstral amplitude range normalization (CARN) that normalizes the cepstral distance between maximum and minimum values. It can estimate noise robust features without prior knowledge or adaptation. We evaluated its performance in an isolated word recognition task by using the Noisex92 database. Compared with the combinations of conventional methods, the CARN could improve recognition accuracy under various SNR conditions.
Yoshizawa, S, Hayasaka, N, Wada, N & Miyanaga, Y 2004, 'Cepstral gain normalization for noise robust speech recognition', ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings, vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 2130-2137.
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This report describes a robust speech recognition technique which normalizes cepstral gains in order to remove effects of additive noise. We assume that the effects can be expressed by an approximate model which consists of gain and DC components in log-spectrum. Accordingly, we propose cepstral gain normalization (CGN) which normalizes the gains by means of calculating maximum and minimum values of cepstral coefficients in speech frames. The proposed method can extract noise robust features without a prior knowledge and environmental adaptation because it is applied to both training and testing data. We have evaluated recognition performance under noisy environments using Noisex-92 database and a 100 Japanese city names task. The CGN provides improvements of recognition accuracy at various SNRs comparing with combinations of conventional methods.
Yoshizawa, S, Miyanaga, Y & Yoshida, N 2004, 'A high‐speed HMM VLSI module with block parallel processing', Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science), vol. 87, no. 5, pp. 12-23.
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AbstractThis paper considers the continuous distribution HMM and discusses speed improvement by parallel processing and VLSI design, aiming at the realization of a high‐speed speech recognition LSI. The continuous distribution HMM has high recognition performance. But a large amount of computation is required for the calculation of the output probability, and speed improvement is highly desirable. Regarding speed improvement of the output probability calculation, this paper proposes blockwise parallel processing and an architecture for performance. The minimum optimal bit width is investigated for recognition by fixed‐point operations. Based on the proposed architecture, VLSI design for an HMM is performed and the result is evaluated. It is shown that the proposed architecture has sufficient power to construct a recognition system that can respond in real time, requiring 3 ms for the recognition processing of 100 words. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(5): 12–23, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10099
Yu, S, Casey, J & Zhou, W 2004, 'A Load Balancing Algorithm for Web Based Server Grids', GRID AND COOPERATIVE COMPUTING, PT 2, vol. 3033, pp. 121-128.
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Yu, S, Zhou, W & Rough, J 2004, 'Minicast: A Multicast-Anycast Protocol for Message Delivery', PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, vol. 3358, pp. 798-803.
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Zhang, YJ, Han, JT & Wei, DB 2004, 'Inner variable of micro crack healing in metal and its evolvement', Journal of Iron and Steel Research, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 59-62.
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The crack healing is a thermodynamic nonreversible process. A dissipation inequation for crack-healing is given based on the thermodynamics of continuous medium and second law of thermodynamics. A definition of inner variable to describle the crack-healing process is put forward. Based on the molecular dynamic simulation, the evolvement of inner variable of micro crack healing of pure copper is analysed quantitatively.
Zhang, ZL, Hong, HS, Zhou, JL & Yu, G 2004, 'Phase association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Minjiang River Estuary, China', Science of The Total Environment, vol. 323, no. 1-3, pp. 71-86.
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Persistent organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of great concern due to their persistence, bioaccumulation and toxic effects. In this work the levels of 16 priority PAHs were determined in water, pore water, sediment, soil and vegetable samples from Minjiang River Estuary, China. Total PAH concentrations varied from 9.9 to 474 μg/l in water, 82.1 to 239 μg/l in pore water, 112 to 877 ng/g dry wt. in surficial sediments, 128 to 465 ng/g dry wt. in soil and 8600 to 111000 ng/g dry wt. in Chinese vegetables. Overall, the mean concentrations of PAHs were present in higher levels in pore water than that in surface water, due possibly to higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon or colloids with which the hydrophobic pollutants were strongly associated. Such a concentration gradient implies a potential flux of pollutants from sediment pore water to overlying water. Contamination was dominated by high molecular mass PAH compounds in all samples, indicating combustion-derived sources (for example, pyrolysis at high temperature). The levels of PAHs in water and vegetable were relatively high in comparison to other studies, although PAHs in sediment and soil were comparable to those found in many other similar environments. The ratios of selected PAHs indicated again that PAHs in Minjiang River Estuary were mainly derived from incomplete combustion of fossil fuel. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Zhao, LC, Wu, CQ & Wang, Q 2004, 'Berry–Esseen Bound for a Sample Sum from a Finite Set of Independent Random Variables', Journal of Theoretical Probability, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 557-572.
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Let {X 1,...,X N} be a set of N independent random variables, and let S n be a sum of n random variables chosen without replacement from the set {X 1,...,X N} with equal probabilities. In this paper we give an estimate of the remainder term for the normal approximation of S n under mild conditions.
Zochling, J, Nguyen, TV, March, LM & Sambrook, PN 2004, 'Quantitative ultrasound measurements of bone: measurement error, discordance, and their effects on longitudinal studies', Osteoporosis International, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 619-624.
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ZOWGHI, D 2004, 'Erratum to ?On the interplay between consistency, completeness, and correctness in requirements evolution?', Information and Software Technology, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 763-779.
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Zowghi, D 2004, 'Special collection on requirements engineering', JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 209-210.
Zowghi, D & Gervasi, V 2004, 'Erratum to “On the interplay between consistency, completeness, and correctness in requirements evolution”', Information and Software Technology, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 763-779.
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Zowghi, D & Gervasi, V 2004, 'On the interplay between consistency, completeness, and correctness in requirements evolution (vol 45, pg 993, 2003)', INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 75-75.
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Zowghi, D & Gervasi, V 2004, 'On the interplay between consistency, completeness, and correctness in requirements evolution (vol 45, pg 993, 2003)', INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 761-+.
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Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J, Chicharo, J & ieee 1970, 'A routing strategy for heterogeneous Mobile Ad Hoc Networks', PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 6TH CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS SYMPOSIUM ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES: FRONTIERS OF MOBILE AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION, VOLS 1 AND 2, Emerging Technologies: Frontiers of Mobile and Wireless Communication, 2004., In the 5th IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, Shanghai, Shanghai, China, pp. 13-16.
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This paper presents a new routing strategy for heterogeneous Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. We refer to this strategy as On-demand Utility-Based Routing Protocol (OUBRP). This protocol introduces a Utility-Based route discovery strategy, which aims to minimise the number of control packets disseminated into the network during route discovery by efficiently using available resources at each node. Furthermore, we propose a new strategy to eliminate uni-directional links during the route discovery phase. We refer to this strategy as Uni-directional Link Elimination (ULE). We performed a simulation study to compare the performance of OUBRP with a number of different routing protocols proposed for MANETs. Our results show that OUBRP compared to other routing strategies produces significantly fewer control packets and achieves higher levels of successful packet delivery with increasing number of nodes. Furthermore, we propose a number of alternative Uni-directional Link Elimination strategies.
Ahlborg, HG, Nguyen, N, Nguyen, TV, Center, JR & Eisman, JA 1970, 'Contribution of hip strength indices to hip fracture risk in elderly women and men', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research, AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES, Seattle, WA, pp. S430-S430.
Alempijevic, A 1970, 'High-Speed Feature Extraction in Sensor Coordinates for Laser Rangefinders', Conference Proceedings, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation (ACRA 2004), Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australian Robotics & Automation Association, Canberra, Australia, pp. 1-6.
Alempijevic, A, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'An efficient algorithm for line extraction from laser scans', 2004 IEEE CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS, AUTOMATION AND MECHATRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, IEEE Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics, IEEE R&A Society Singapore Chapter, Singapore, pp. 970-974.
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In this paper, an algorithm for extracting line segments from information gathered by a laser rangefinder is presented. The range scan is processed to compute a parameter that is invariant to the position and orientation of straight lines present. This parameter is then used to identify observations that potentially belong to straight lines and compute the slope of these lines. Log-Hough transform, that only explores a small region of the Hough space identified by the slopes computed, is then used to rind the equations of the lines present. The proposed method thus combines robustness of the Hough transform technique with the inherent efficiency of line fitting strategies while carrying out all computation in the sensor coordinate frame yielding a fast and robust algorithm for line extraction from laser range scans. Two practical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the algorithm and compare its performance to the traditional techniques.
Al-Kilidar, H, Jeffery, R & Aurum, A 1970, 'Description of an empirical experiment to measure effects of pair work on the design phase', Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Software Engineering, IASTED International Conference on Software Engineering, ACTA Press, Innsbruck, Austria, pp. 166-171.
Babar, MA & Zowghi, D 1970, 'Developing a requirements management toolset: Lessons learned', 2004 AUSTRALIAN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, Australian Software Engineering Conference, IEEE Computer Society, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 10-19.
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Baheiraei, A, Pocock, NA, Ritchie, JE, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 1970, 'Smoking as a major osteoporosis risk factor among Iranian Australian women', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research, AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES, Seattle, WA, pp. S431-S431.
Baklanov, MR, Le, QT, Kesters, E, Iacopi, F, Van Aelst, J, Struyf, H, Boullart, W, Vanhaelemeersch, S, Maex, K & IEEE 1970, 'Challenges of clean/strip processing for Cu/Low-k technology.', PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2004 INTERNATIONAL INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 7th Annual International Interconnect Technology Conference, IEEE, Burlingame, CA, pp. 187-189.
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Ball, JE, Walker, JW, Isles, S & Blake, C 1970, 'Assessment of deposited sediments in roadside stormwater retention basins', Proceedings of the 8th National Conference on Hydraulics in Water Engineering, National Conference on Hydraulics in Water Engineering, Engineers Australia, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 1-8.
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Previous studies have shown stormwater runoff from road surfaces to contain numerous contaminants. Most of these contaminants are bound to silt or clay sized particles. Hence, the fine sediments trapped in roadside retention basins may potentially have high concentrations of contaminants. This study was undertaken to assist in the development of a maintenance strategy for RTA retention basins. A key outcome from the study was determination of the contaminant concentrations in the sediments and hence the âWaste Classificationâ in accordance with the NSW EPA Waste Guidelines. Ten retention basins located on major highways in NSW were selected for the study. All retention basins were located in predominantly rural regions. Based on the chemical analysis of the sediments all contaminants except lead met the Inert classification criteria as outlined in the NSW EPA Waste Guidelines. Lead leachate concentrations in some samples (4 basins) were sufficiently high for the sediments to be classified as Solid Waste.
Bin Sheu, Chung-Yu Wu, Chin-Teng Lin, Bin-Da Liu, Liao, M, Tai, B, Jui-Lin Lai & Rong-Jiang Chen 1970, 'Strategies for high-tech academia uprising in 21 century', The 2004 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, 2004. Proceedings., The 2004 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, 2004., IEEE, pp. xv-xv.
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Many factors directly affect the uprising in high-tech academia in the 21 st Century. The major ones include, but not limited to, (A) governmental/institutional investment, (B) technical breakthrough, and (C) influential participation in professional societies. These factors are entangled among one another. The overall impacts are the product from (A), (B), and (C). If a modern weapon system is used as an example, then factors (A) and (B) are related to the design/development of powerful and precision war-heads. On the other hand, a capable delivery system, such as cruise missile or stealth bomber, will be the subject for factor (C). Similarly, each researcher will wish to make significant and long-lasting impacts to the scientific community. In this talk, we will examine factor (C) in great detail. Especially, an innovative and collaborative effort on "Globalization Leadership Professors Promotion Committee" (GLPPC) will be highly elaborated.
Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Experience in teaching object-oriented concepts to first year students with diverse backgrounds', International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing, 2004. Proceedings. ITCC 2004., International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing, 2004. Proceedings. ITCC 2004., IEEE, pp. 704-708 Vol.1.
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This paper describes the experiences in coordinating a first year programming course at Griffith University since Semester 1, 2000. In this time, the course structure and content have evolved to implement and evaluate an "objects-as-needed" approach to first year programming with the recent return to an "objects-early" approach. A variety of assessment strategies have also been employed in order to maximize student-learning outcomes. The success of the revised course has continuously been measured by evaluating student feedback and performance. Finally, a focus group-based strategy of evaluation was adopted to determine students' attitudes to the most recently implemented changes.
Blumenstein, M, Green, S, Nguyen, A & Muthukkumarasamy, V 1970, 'An experimental analysis of GAME', Proceedings of the 9th annual SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education, ITiCSE04: Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ACM, pp. 67-71.
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This paper describes the Generic Automated Marking Environment (GAME) and provides a detailed analysis of its performance in assessing student programming projects and exercises. GAME has been designed to automatically assess programming assignments written in a variety of languages based on the "structure" of the source code and the correctness of the program's output. Currently, the system is able to mark programs written in Java, C++ and the C language. To use the system, instructors are required to provide a simple "marking schema" for any given assessment item, which includes pertinent information such as the location of files and the model solution. In this research, GAME has been tested on a number of student programming exercises and assignments. The results obtained, have been analysed and compared against a human marker providing encouraging results.
Blumenstein, M, Green, S, Nguyen, A & Muthukkumarasamy, V 1970, 'An experimental analysis of GAME', ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), pp. 67-71.
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This paper describes the Generic Automated Marking Environment (GAME) and provides a detailed analysis of its performance in assessing student programming projects and exercises. GAME has been designed to automatically assess programming assignments written in a variety of languages based on the 'structure' of the source code and the correctness of the program's output. Currently, the system is able to mark programs written in Java, C++ and the C language. To use the system, instructors are required to provide a simple 'marking schema' for any given assessment item, which includes pertinent information such as the location of files and the model solution. In this research, GAME has been tested on a number of student programming exercises and assignments. The results obtained, have been analysed and compared against a human marker providing encouraging results.
Blumenstein, M, Green, S, Nguyen, A & Muthukkumarasamy, V 1970, 'GAME: A Generic Automated Marking environment for programming assessment', ITCC 2004: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: CODING AND COMPUTING, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS, pp. 212-216.
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In this paper, a Generic Automated Marking Environment (GAME) is proposed for assessing student programming projects and exercises with an aim to facilitate student-centred learning. GAME has been designed to automatically assess programming assignments written in a variety of languages. The system has been implemented in Java and contains marker modules that are tailored to each specific language. A framework has been set in place to enable easy addition of new marker modules to extend the system's functionality. Currently, the system is able to mark programs written in Java and the C language. To use the system, instructors are required to provide a simple "marking schema" for any given assessment item, which includes pertinent information such as the location affiles and the model solution. GAME has been tested on a number of student programming exercises and assignments providing encouraging results.
Blumenstein, M, Liu, XY & Verma, B 1970, 'A modified direction feature for cursive character recognition', 2004 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37541), 2004 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, pp. 2983-2987.
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This paper describes a neural network-based technique for cursive character recognition applicable to segmentation-based word recognition systems. The proposed research builds on a novel feature extraction technique that extracts direction information from the structure of character contours. This principal is extended so that the direction information is integrated with a technique for detecting transitions between background and foreground pixels in the character image. The proposed technique is compared with the standard direction feature extraction technique, providing promising results using segmented characters from the CEDAR benchmark database.
Brennan, J, Martin, EA & Kim, M 1970, 'Developing an ontology of Spatial Relations', Visual and Spatial Reasoning in Design III, Visual and Spatial Reasoning in Design, Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition, MIT,Cambridge, USA, pp. 163-182.
Brookes, WC 1970, 'Computing Theory with Relevance', Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Computing Education Conference ACE2004, Australasian Conference on Computer Science Education, Australian Computer Society Inc, Dunedin, New Zealand, pp. 9-13.
Brookes, WC & Kanagasabai, L 1970, 'A generic Architecture for SOAP Transaction Management', Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Web Services: Modeling, Architecture and Infrastructure WSMAI 2004, International Workshop on Web Services: Modeling, Architecture and Infrastructure, Insticc Press, Porto, Portugal, pp. 95-102.
Burdon, SW 1970, '12 Best in class practices form successful outsourcing relationships', -, Customer contact world conference, Terrapinn P/L, KL Malaysia, pp. 1-28.
Burdon, SW 1970, 'Australia's experience of attracting offshore outsourcing.', BPO Asia conference 2004 - Hong Kong, BPO Asia 2004, Terrapinn PLC, Hong Kong, pp. 1-26.
Burdon, SW 1970, 'Competitive advantage from best practice outsourcing', Competitive advantage from best practice outsourcing, Competitive Advantage form Best Practice Outsourcing, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-15.
Burdon, SW 1970, 'How management of ICT can deliver strategic competitive advantage.', -, CIMA AGM, CIMA, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-24.
Burdon, SW 1970, 'Optimising the business value of it.', -, CPA 6th Annual IT and Management Symposium, CPA Australia, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-23.
Burdon, SW 1970, 'Organisational and management best practice for outsourcing services through alliance contracts.', -, Academy of Management, Academy of Management, New Orleans. USA, pp. 1-17.
Burdon, SW 1970, 'The role of relationship management in best practice outsourcing', -, BPO Australia 2004, Terrapinn P/L, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-18.
Cao, L, Luo, C, Luo, D & Liu, L 1970, 'Ontology Services-Based Information Integration in Mining Telecom Business Intelligence', Pricai 2004: Trends In Artificial Intelligence, Proceedings, Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 85-94.
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Cao, L, Luo, C, Luo, D & Zhang, C 1970, 'Hybrid Strategy of Analysis and Control of Telecommunications Frauds', Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, IEEE, Harbin, China, pp. 11-15.
Cao, L, Luo, C, Luo, D & Zhang, C 1970, 'Hybrid strategy of analysis and control of telecommunications frauds', Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA 2004), pp. 281-285.
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The problem of telecommunications frauds has been getting more and more serous for many years, and is even getting more and more worse not only in western countries but also in some developing countries. Detection, Analysis and prevention mechanisms are emerging both from telecommunications operators and academia. In this paper, we present a hybrid strategy of analysis and control of telecommunications frauds from engineering viewpoint Our first task is to identify the complexity of telecommunications frauds, we discuss possible fraud scenarios and their evolution. Furthermore, in order to build an information system to deal with realistic telecommunications frauds, we summarize and propose a hybrid strategy, which includes a solution package, five models and four types of analyses, to construct a loop-dosed system for analysis and control of frauds. We further discuss a system framework for analysis and control of telecommunications frauds.
Cao, L, Luo, C, Luo, D & Zhang, C 1970, 'Integration of business intelligence based on three-level ontology services', Proceedings - IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence, WI 2004, IEEE/WIC/ACM international Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 17-23.
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Usually, integration of business intelligence (BI) from realistic telecom enterprise is by packing data warehouse (DW), OLAP, data mining and reporting from different vendors together. As a result, BI system users are transferred to a reporting system with reports, data models, dimensions and measures predefined by system designers. As a result of survey, 85% of DW projects failed to meet their intended objectives. In this paper, we investigate how to integrate BI packages into an adaptive and flexible knowledge portal by constructing an internal link and communication channel from top-level business concepts to underlying enterprise information systems (EIS). An approach of three-level ontology services is developed, which implements unified naming, directory and transport of ontology services, and ontology mapping and query parsing among conceptual view, analytical view and physical view from user interfaces through DW to EIS. Experiments on top of real telecom EIS shows that our solution for integrating BI presents much stronger power to support operational decision making more user-friendly and adoptively compared with those simply combining BI products presently available together. © 2004 IEEE.
Cao, L, Luo, D, Luo, C & Liu, L 1970, 'Ontology Transformation in Multiple Domains', AI 2004: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 17th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Cairns, Australia, December 2004 Proceedings, Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Cairns, Australia, pp. 985-990.
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We have proposed a new approach called ontology services-driven integration of business intelligence (BI) to designing an integrated BI platform. In such a BI platform, multiple ontological domains may get involved, such as domains for business, reporting, data warehouse, and multiple underlying enterprise information systems. In general, ontologies in the above multiple domains are heterogeneous. So, a key issue emerges in the process of building an integrated BI platform, that is, how to support ontology transformation and mapping between multiple ontological domains. In this paper, we present semantic aggregations of semantic relationships and ontologies in one or multiple domains, and the ontological transformation from one domain to another. Rules for the above semantic aggregation and transformation are described. This work is the foundation for supporting BI analyses crossing multiple domains.
Cao, L, Ni, J, Wang, J & Zhang, C 1970, 'Agent Services-Driven Plug-and-Play in F-TRADE', Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science), Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Cairns, Australia, pp. 917-922.
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We have built an agent service-based enterprise infrastructure: F-TRADE. With its online connectivity to huge real stock data in global markets, it can be used for online evaluation of trading strategies and data mining algorithms. The main functions in the F-TRADE include soft plug-and-play, and back-testing, optimization, integration and evaluation of algorithms. In this paper, we'll focus on introducing the intelligent plug-and-play, which is a key system function in the F-TRADE. The basic idea for the soft plug-and-play is to build agent services which can support the online plug-in of agents, algorithms and data sources. Agent UML-based modeling, role model and agent services for the plug-and-play are discussed. With this design, algorithm providers, data source providers, and system module developers of the F-TRADE can expand system functions and resources by online plugging them into the F-TRADE. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.
Cavanagh, M, Mitchell, R & Eager, DM 1970, 'Not all risk is bad, playgrounds as a learning environment for children', 7th Australian Injury Prevention Conference, Australian Injury Prevention Network, Mackay, Australia, pp. 1-10.
Center, JR, Nguyen, TV, Pocock, NA & Eisman, JA 1970, 'Volumetric Bone Density at the Femoral Neck as a Common Measure of Hip Fracture Risk for Men and Women', The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Endocrine Society, pp. 2776-2782.
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Chaczko, Z, Davis, D & Mahadevan, V 1970, 'I new perspectives on teaching and learning software systems-development in large groups', Information Technology Based Proceedings of the FIfth International Conference onHigher Education and Training, 2004. ITHET 2004., Information Technology Based Proceedings of the FIfth International Conference onHigher Education and Training, 2004. ITHET 2004., IEEE, Instanbul, pp. 409-414.
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Chaczko, ZC & Braun, RM 1970, 'Modelling a Holonic Network System Using Cellular Automata for Detecting Traffic Congestion', WITSP'2004, 3rd Workshop on the Internet, Telecommunications and Signal Processing, IEEE, Adelaide.
Chaczko, ZC, Gulrez, T, Al-Hmouz, R & Braun, RM 1970, 'Modelling a Holonic Network System using Cellular Automata for Detecting Traffic Congestion', Proceedings The 3rd Workshop on Internet, Telecommunications and Signal Processing WITSP'2004, Workshop on Internet, Telecommunications and Signal Processing, IEEE, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 1-6.
Chandran, D 1970, 'Customers confidence in e-business: An evaluation of Australian practices - A case study', SHAPING BUSINESS STRATEGY IN A NETWORKED WORLD, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS, 4th International Conference on Electronic Business (ICEB 2004), INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS LTD, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1030-1034.
Chandran, D 1970, 'Paradigm shift in e-culture in developing countries. A case study', Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference WWW/Internet 2004 Vol 1, IADIS International Conference WWW/Internet, International Association for development of the Information Society (IADIS), Madrid, Spain, pp. 254-261.
Chen, L, Bhowmick, SS & Chia, LT 1970, 'Mining maximal frequently changing subtree patterns from XML documents', DATA WAREHOUSING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY, PROCEEDINGS, 6th International Conference on Data Warehousing and Knowledge Discoverey (DaWaK 2004), SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Zaragoza, SPAIN, pp. 68-76.
Chen, L, Bhowmick, SS & Chia, L-T 1970, 'VRules', Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international workshop on Multimedia databases, CIKM04: Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM.
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Cheng, ED, Piccardi, M & Jan, T 1970, 'Stochastic boats generated acoustic target signal detection in time-frequency domain', Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology, 2004., Fourth IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology, 2004., IEEE, Rome, Italy, pp. 429-432.
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This paper is devoted to theoretic algorithms development and experimental research of automatic target detection of acoustic signals, especially for boats generated signals. In this paper, an observation space is created by sampling and dividing input analog acoustic signal into multiple frames and each frame is transformed into frequency domain. In the created observation space, a median constant false alarm rate (MCFAR) and post detection integration algorithms have been proposed for an effective automatic target detection of boat generated acoustic signals, in which a low constant false alarm rate is kept with relative high detection rate. The proposed algorithms have been tested on real boat generated acoustic signals. The statistical analysis and experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm has kept a very low false alarm rate and relatively high detection rate.
Chin-Teng Lin & Chao-Hui Huang 1970, 'Texture boundary detection based on multiple and parrllel cellular neural networks', Proceedings of the 2004 11th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, 2004. ICECS 2004., 2004 11th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, 2004. ICECS 2004., IEEE, Tel Aviv, ISRAEL, pp. 222-225.
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Chin-Teng Lin & Wen-Chang Cheng 1970, 'An on-line ICA-mixture-model-based fuzzy neural network', 2004 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37541), 2004 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, Budapest, HUNGARY, pp. 2141-2146.
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Chin-Teng Lin, Chang-Moun Yeh & Chun-Fei Hsu 1970, 'Fuzzy neural network classification design using support vector machine', 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37512), 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE.
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Fuzzy neural networks (FNNs) for pattern classification usually use the backpropagation or C-cluster type learning algorithms to learn the parameters of the fuzzy rules and membership functions from the training data. However, such kinds of learning algorithms usually cannot minimize the empirical risk (training error) and expected risk (testing error) simultaneously, and thus cannot reach a good classification performance in the testing phase. To tackle this drawback, a support-vector-based fuzzy neural network classification (SVFNNC) is proposed. The SVFNNC combines the superior classification power of support vector machine (SVM) in high dimensional data spaces and the efficient human-like reasoning of FNN in handling uncertainty information. The learning algorithm consists of two learning phases. In the phase 1, the fuzzy rules and membership functions are automatically determined by the clustering principle. In the phase 2, the parameters of FNN are calculated by the SVM with the proposed adaptive fuzzy kernel function. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed SVFNNC, it is applied to the Iris, Vehicle and Dna datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed SVFNNC can achieve good classification performance with drastically reduced number of fuzzy kernel functions.
Chin-Teng Lin, Shi-An Chen, Chao-Hui Huang & Jen-Feng Chung 1970, 'Cellular neural networks and PCA neural networks based rotation/scale invariant texture classification', 2004 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37541), 2004 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, Budapest, HUNGARY, pp. 153-158.
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Choi, KS & Ball, JE 1970, 'Monitoring the calibration of catchment modelling systems', Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Hydroinformatics, International Conference on Hydroinformatics, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd, Singapore, pp. 203-213.
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The application of catchment modelling systems is now a common approach for management of catchments. Fundamental to the application of a catchment modelling system is the calibration and validation of the many control parameters used to ensure that the simulated catchment response adequately reproduces the actual catchment response. Recorded information about the actual catchment response is needed if this necessary calibration and validation process is to be undertaken. However, the recorded information typically used for operation of a catchment modelling system rarely, if ever, is error free. These errors have the potential to influence the calibration of the control parameters for a catchment modelling system. Traditional calibration approaches focus only on achieving the parameter values that result in the best curve-fitting between simulated and recorded data. Introduced herein is an Early Stopping Technique which is aimed at avoiding curve-fitting through monitoring improvements in the objective function used for determining the set of optimal control parameters. Application of this approach to the calibration of SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) on the Centennial Park catchment in Sydney is outlined.
Chu, CS, Tsang, IW & Kwok, JT 1970, 'Scaling up support vector data description by using core-sets', 2004 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37541), 2004 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, Budapest, HUNGARY, pp. 425-430.
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Chua, B & Brennan, J 1970, 'Enhancing Collaborative Knowledge Management Systems Designs', Proceedings 5th European Conference on Knowledge Management, European Conference on Knowledge Management, Academic Conferences International, Paris, France, pp. 171-179.
Chua, B & Dyson, LE 1970, 'Applying the ISO9126 Model to the evaluation of an e-learning system', Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ASCILITE 2004), Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, Perth, Australia, pp. 184-190.
Chun-Fei Hsu & Chin-Teng Lin 1970, 'New techniques for intelligent control', Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control, 2004., 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control, IEEE, pp. 13-18.
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This paper proposed a new technique for the intelligent control approach, which is termed as fuzzy-identification-based adaptive fuzzy control (FIAFC) scheme. The developed FIAFC is compared of a principal controller and a robust controller. The principal controller utilizes an adaptive fuzzy model to identify the dynamics of the controlled system. The robust controller is designed to dispel the model error introduced by the adaptive fuzzy model. In the conventional adaptive fuzzy control (AFC) system, the adaptive law was designed to drive the tracking error to zero without considering the modeling error. In the proposed FIAFC system, not only the tracking-error information but also the modeling-error information are utilized in the derived adaptive law, thus the convergence performance can be improved. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed FIAFC, it is applied to a chaotic system control. The simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed FIAFC can achieve better tracking performance than the AFC. Furthermore, the improvements are achieved at a negligible increase in the computational complexity. © 2004 IEEE.
Colquitt, D, Leaney, JR & O'Neill, T 1970, 'The Case For Understanding Social Complexity In the Architecture-Based Analysis Process', Proceedings of International Conference on Qualitative Research in IT 2004, International Conference on Qualitative Research in IT & IT in Qualitative Research, QualIT2004, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1-11.
Coulin, CR & Zowghi, D 1970, 'GONDOLA: An Interactive Computer Game-Based Teaching and Learning Environment for Requirements Engineering', Proceedings of the 10th Anniversary International Workshop on Requirements Engineering Foundation for Software Quality (REFSQ ’04), International Workshop on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, Essener Informatik Beitrage, Riga, Latvia, pp. 113-125.
Cox, R, Yee, M & Ball, JE 1970, 'Safety of People in Flooded Streets and Floodways', Proc. 8th National Conference on Hydraulics in Water Engineering, National Conference on Hydraulics in Water Engineering, Engineers Australia, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 1-8.
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The safety of people on floodways or flooded streets is of major concern in urban stormwater design and floodplain management. Current design guidelines for safety on floodways (in Australia and overseas) are simplistic, generally given in terms of a critical value of Depth * Velocity (D*V) which has been based on limited laboratory testing. Cox and Ball (2001) updated the primal 1973 data for 6 children from Australia with tests of 3 adults from Japan. This paper incorporates further analysis of laboratory test data for adults from USA and Finland. The worldwide laboratory test data was found to be deficient in not testing very small/young children nor very frail/older persons. The authors have thus completed additional testing on 4 young children. A predictive model has been developed and proven against the test data for stability failure of human subjects. The commonly adopted guideline for designing floodways by specifying a critical Depth*Velocity (D*V) value of 0.4 m2s-1 does not ensure the safety of all children - young children with low muscular coordination (typified by Height*Mass values less than 20 mKg) are not safe at this criteria. It is most likely that many frail/older persons also may not be safe under this criteria.
Crews, KI, Samali, B, Bakoss, SL & Champion, C 1970, 'Overview of Assessing Load Carrying Capacity of Timber Bridges Using Dynamic Methods', Proceedings of the Austroads 2004 Bridge Conference, Austroads Bridge Conference, Austroads Incorporated, Hobart, Australia, pp. 1-12.
Crews, KI, Samali, B, Bakoss, SL & Champion, C 1970, 'Testing and Assessment Procedures to Facilitate the Management of Timber Bridges Assets', The 3rd Civil Engineering Conference in the Asian Region Proceedings, The 3rd Civil Engineering Conference in the Asia Region, Asian Civil Engineering Coordination Council, Seoul, Korea, pp. 229-234.
Denford, M, Leaney, J, O'Neill, T & society, IC 1970, 'Non-functional refinement of computer based systems architecture', 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON THE ENGINEERING OF COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE, Brno, Czech Republic, pp. 168-177.
Denford, M, Solomon, AI & Leaney, JR 1970, 'Modelling Architectural Abstraction with a Category of Poset Labelled Graphs to Aid The Practice of Design via Refinement', Proceedings of Fifth IEEE Joint Workshop on the Formal Specifications of Computer-Based Systems, IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE, Brno, Czech Republic, pp. 17-22.
Deng, XM, Ni, W, Li, WX, Xiong, YC, Li, JB, Scheeren, TWL & Ding, ZP 1970, 'Adenoviral vectors induced cardiovascular complications - pathogenesis and critical care', European Journal of Anaesthesiology, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), pp. 58-59.
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Dillon, TS, Chang, E & Hussain, F 1970, 'A Framework for a Trusted Environment for Virtual Collaboration', Advances In Web-Age Information Management: Proceedings of WAIM 2004, International Conference on Web-Age Information Management, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Dalian, China, pp. 1-12.
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Trusted computing has assumed major significance since the advent of internet based commerce and peer to peer communications. Trust is the belief that a peer has another peer in a given context. This paper addresses both identity trust which establishes the identity of another party and behaviour trust which answers the question rsquoDo you believe that the entity will behave as you expect it to?rsquo It develops complete definitions of context and time dependant trust and reputation and develops trust models, trust relationships of a peer.
Ding, GK 1970, 'The development of a multi-criteria approach for the measurement of sustainable performance of housing projects', Sustainability of the Housing Projects, XXXII IAHS World Congress, Sustainability of the Housing Projects, Univeristy of Trento, Trento, Italy, pp. 1-10.
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It has long been recognised that environmental matters are important to the survival of the construction industry. Yet, in general, the construction industry continues to degrade the environment, exploiting resources and generating waste, and is reluctant to change its conventional practices to incorporate environmental matters as part of the decisionmaking process. Building development involves complex decisions and the increased significance of external effects has further complicated the situation. Cost benefit analysis (CBA) is one of the conventional tools used widely by public and private sectors when appraising projects. It sets out to measure and compare the total costs and benefits of different projects that are competing for scarce resources in monetary terms. However, there are growing concerns that the values of environmental goods and services are often ignored or underestimated in the CBA approach which has led to the overuse and depletion of environmental assets. Consequently, CBA's usefulness and relevance in this respect is increasingly controversial. Project development is not just concerned with financial return, but is also conscious of the long-term impacts on living standards for both present and future generations. Sustainable development is an important issue in project decision-making and environmental effects need to be incorporated into the evaluation process.
Dissanayake, GM, Chen, L, Pedrycz, W, Fayek, AR & Russell, AD 1970, 'Fuzzy logic modeling of causal relationships-case study: Reasoning about construction performance', NAFIPS 2004: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FUZZY INFORMATION PROCESSING SOCIETY, VOLS 1AND 2, Annual Meeting of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society, IEEE, Banff, CANADA, pp. 605-610.
Dissanayake, T, Esselle, K & Ge, Y 1970, 'Broadband printed monopole antennas', 2004 10th International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics and URSI Conference, 2004 10th International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics and URSI Conference, IEEE, pp. 1-3.
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© 2004 IEEE. Microstrip patch antenna is generally the most popular antenna for portable devices. These antennas however are inherently narrow band. To obtain a wide bandwidth form a microstrip patch antenna the substrate thickness has to be increased and the dielectric constant of the substrate has to be kept as low as possible [1]. Long feed probes required for antennas with thick substrates introduce undesirable inductive effects. Novel feed methods such as L probe feeds and F probe feeds have been reported in [2] and [3], respectively, to eliminate such effects. In addition, as reported in [2] and [4], slot loading of the patch antenna has been successfully employed in enhancing the bandwidth. Another broadband antenna, designed for a thin substrate, includes a rectangular slot inside a rectangular metal patch [5].
Dowling, DM, Samali, B & Li, J 1970, 'Shake Table Testing of Unreinforced and Highly Reinforced U-shape Adobe-Mudbrick Wall Units', Australian Earthquake Engineering in the New Millenium, Australian Earthquake Engineering Society 2004 Conference, Australian Earthquake Engineering Society, Mt Gambier, Australia, pp. 1-6.
Drennan, P, Viller, S & Wyeth, P 1970, 'Engaging Game Characters: Informing Design with Player Perspectives', Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 355-358.
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Duan, L-A, Min Xu, Qi Tian & Chang-Sheng Xu 1970, 'Mean shift based nonparametric motion characterization', 2004 International Conference on Image Processing, 2004. ICIP '04., 2004 International Conference on Image Processing, 2004. ICIP '04., IEEE, pp. 1597-1600.
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Motion content is a very powerful cue for organizing video data. Efficient and robust identification of the camera motion nature and the dominant object motion is important for generation of useful motion annotations. Most of existing methods focus on the estimation of a parametric motion model from dense optical flow fields or block-based MPEG motion vector fields (MVF). However, it is hard to achieve reliable model estimation in large amounts of video data. This is due to the violation of parametric assumption in the presence of large object motion and bad estimation of the optical flow in low-textured regions. In this paper, we employ the mean shift procedure and the histogram to propose a novel nonparametric motion representation. With this motion representation, we transform the motion analysis to the classification problem of camera motion patterns in the presence of dominant object motion and non-dominant object motion. The unique features include three main aspects: I) Instead of computationally expensive and vulnerable parametric regression we base the motion characterization on the classification of motion patterns, 2) we employ machine learning to capture the knowledge of recognizing camera motion patterns from bad motion fields, and 3) with the mean shift filtering the proposed motion representation elegantly considers the spatial-range cues so as to remove noise and implement discontinuity preserving smoothing of motion fields. Promising results are achieved on 1096 motion vector fields extracted from compressed broadcast soccer video. © 2004 IEEE.
Duan, L-Y, Xu, M, Tian, Q & Xu, C-S 1970, 'Nonparametric motion model', Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia, MM04: 2004 12th Annual ACM International Conference on Multimedia, ACM, pp. 754-755.
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Motion information is a powerful cue for visual perception. In the context of video indexing and retrieval, motion content serves as a useful source for compact video representation. There has been a lot of literature about parametric motion models. However, it is hard to secure a proper parametric assumption in a wide range of video scenarios. Diverse camera shots and frequent occurrences of improper optical flow estimation or block matching motivate us to develop nonparametric motion models. In this demonstration, we present a novel nonparametric motion model. The unique features mainly include: 1) Instead of computationally expensive and vulnerable parametric regression our proposed model bases the motion characterization on the classification of motion patterns; 2) we employ machine learning to capture the knowledge of recognizing camera motion patterns from bad motion vector fields (MVF); and 3) with the mean shift filtering our proposed motion representation elegantly incorporates the spatial-range information for noise removal and discontinuity preserving smoothing of MVF. Promising results have been achieved on two tasks: 1) camera motion pattern recognition on 23191 MVFs and 2) recognition of the intensity of motion activity on 622 video segments culled from the MPEG-7 dataset.
Duan, L-Y, Xu, M, Tian, Q & Xu, C-S 1970, 'Nonparametric motion model with applications to camera motion pattern classification', Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia, MM04: 2004 12th Annual ACM International Conference on Multimedia, ACM, pp. 328-331.
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Motion information is a powerful cue for visual perception. In the context of video indexing and retrieval, motion content serves as a useful source for compact video representation. There has been a lot of literature about parametric motion models. However, it is hard to secure a proper parametric assumption in a wide range of video scenarios. Diverse camera shots and frequent occurrences of bad optical flow estimation motivate us to develop nonparametric motion models. In this paper, we employ the mean shift procedure to propose a novel nonparametric motion representation. With this compact representation, various motion characterization tasks can be achieved by machine learning. Such a learning mechanism can not only capture the domain-independent parametric constraints, but also acquire the domain-dependent knowledge to tolerate the influence of bad dense optical flow vectors or block-based MPEG motion vector fields (MVF). The proposed nonparametric motion model has been applied to camera motion pattern classification on 23191 MVF extracted from MPEG-7 dataset.
Dyson, LE 1970, 'Barriers to sharing and creating knowledge in higher education', Innovations Through Information Technology, Vols 1 and 2, International Conference on Information Resources Management, Idea Group Publishing, New Orleans, USA, pp. 33-36.
Dyson, LE 1970, 'Cultural Issues in the Adoption of Information and Communication Technologies by Indigenous Australians', Cultural Attitudes towards Technology and Communication 2004, Cultural Attitudes towards Technology and Communications, School Infomation Technolgy, Murdoch University, Karlstad, Sweden, pp. 58-71.
Dyson, LE 1970, 'Interactive Student Discussion Activities', UTS Teaching and Learning Forum, University of Technology Sydney.
Dyson, LE & Er, M 1970, 'A Hybrid Design Approach to the Development of Mobile Systems in the Construction Industry', Building Society Through E-Commerce 2004, Collaborative Electronic Commerce Technology and Research, Universidad de Talca, Santiago, Chile, pp. 1-15.
Dyson, LE & Kay, RJ 1970, 'Learning to Collaborate and Collaborating to Learn: An experential approach to teaching collaborative systems.', Building Society through E-Commerce 2004, Collaborative Electronic Commerce Technology and Research, Universidad de Talca, Santiago, Chile, pp. 1-11.
Dyson, LE & Koruth, S 1970, 'Improving Business Performance through Supply Chain Intelligence: An Australian Perspective', Information Technology and Organizations in the 21st Century: Challenges and Solutions. Proceedings of the 2004 International Business Information Management Conference, International Business Information Management, International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA), Amman, Jordan, pp. 342-348.
Eager, DM & Chapman, C 1970, 'Playground Surfacing Standards - A Discussion Paper', National Playground Conference, National Playground Conference, Kidsafe New South Wales Inc, Sydney, Australia, pp. 86-95.
Eager, DM & Chapman, C 1970, 'Why Bounce is Bad', National Playground Conference, National Playground Conference, Kidsafe New South Wales Inc, Sydney, Australia, pp. 186-199.
Eager, DM, Nixon, JW, Chapman, C & Wallis, BA 1970, 'Is the present playground undersurfacing Standard adequate or appropriate?', 7th Australian Injury Prevention Conference, Australian Injury Prevention Network, Mackay, Australia, pp. 1-14.
Eager, DM, Nixon, JW, Chapman, C & Wallis, BA 1970, 'The design and development of impact attenuation padding systems for Australian domestic trampolines', 7th Australian Injury Prevention Conference, Australian Injury Prevention Network, Mackay, Australia, pp. 1-10.
Fathollahzadeh Aghdam, R 1970, 'Analysis of Productivity Gains from Australian ESI Reform: Methodological Framework', The 26th Annual IAEE International Conference Hosted By IRAEE, Energy & Security in the Changing World, Iranian Association for Energy Economics (IRAEE), Tehran, Iran, pp. 1-15.
Fathollahzadeh Aghdam, R 1970, 'Electricity Industry Reform in Australia: Reasons, Impacts, Challenges', 2004 Postgraduate Energy Awards: Projects Summaries, Postgraduate Energy Awards, Australian Institute of Energy, Sydney, Australia, pp. 28-28.
Fathollahzadeh Aghdam, R 1970, 'Impacts of Electricity Reform on Productivity of the Australian Electricity Supply Industry', Inaugural Research Showcase, UTS Engineering Inaugural Research Showcase, Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 27-28.
Fathollahzadeh Aghdam, R & Sharma, D 1970, 'Productivity Growth In The Australian Electricity Industry: A Panel Data Envelopment Analysis Using Distance Function', Asia-Pacific Productivity Conference 2004 (APPC 2004), Asia-Pacific Productivity Conference 2004 (APPC 2004), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1-18.
Feuerlicht, G 1970, 'Designing Service-Orientated e-business Applications using Data Engineering Techniques', Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on e-business (WeB2004), Workshop on e-business (WeB), Electronic Commerce Research Centre, Washington, USA, pp. 162-171.
Feuerlicht, G & Meesathit, S 1970, 'Design Framework for domain-specific service interface', Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Web Services: Modeling, Architecture and Infrastructure WSMAI 2004, Workshop on Web Services: Modeling, Architecture and Infrastructure, Insticc Press, Porto, Portugal, pp. 109-115.
Feuerlicht, G & Meesathit, S 1970, 'Design method for interoperable Web Services', ICSOC '04: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Service Oriented Computing, International Conference on Service Oriented Computing, ACM, New York,USA, pp. 299-307.
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The emergence of Web services provides an opportunity to address e-business application interoperability in the context of service-oriented computing. In this paper we discuss the benefits of the service-oriented approach to implementing e-business applications and identify the need for well-designed service interfaces to facilitate interoperability within application domains. We describe a service interface design method based on identifying elementary business function and converting standard message (document) formats into a set of corresponding service-interfaces. We then apply data engineering principles to refine the interface design, and show how data normalization applied to interface parameters can lead to minimization of coupling and maximization of cohesion of service operations. We illustrate our design approach using a travel application example based on the Open Travel Alliance (OTA) specification. Copyright 2004 ACM.
Feuerlicht, G & Meesathit, S 1970, 'Implementing E-business interoperability with vertical domain for web services', Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference WWW/INTERNET 2004 Volume I, IADIS International Conference WWW/INTERNET 2004, IADIS Press, Madrid, Spain, pp. 262-269.
Feuerlicht, G & Vorisek, J 1970, 'Utility Computing: ASP by another name or a new trend?', Proceedings of the 12th International Conference Systems Integration 2004, International Conference on Systems Integration, Prague University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 269-279.
Fisher, J, McEwen, HMJ, Tipper, JL, Galvin, AL, Ingram, J, Kamali, A, Stone, MH & Ingham, E 1970, 'Wear, Debris, and Biologic Activity of Cross-linked Polyethylene in the Knee', Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research, Joint Annual Meeting of the Knee-Society/Association-of-Hip-and-Knee-Surgeons, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), New Orleans, LA, pp. 114-119.
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Fisher, J, Stewart, TD, Tipper, JL, Hatton, A & Ingham, E 1970, 'Wear, debris and functional biocompatability of third and fourth generation ceramic on ceramic bearing couples', Transactions - 7th World Biomaterials Congress, p. 223.
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Wear, debris, and functional biocompatibility of third generation Biolox Forte and fourth generation Biolox Delta ceramic bearing couples under standard and micro separation simulator testing were discussed. Microseparation sub-luxation testing was found to be necessary to reproduce clinically relevant stripe wear on both materials. Under standard simulator conditions, the wear of both materials was very low with the wear of Biolox Delta being lower than the wear of Biolox Forte. The low wear, even under the most severe loading conditions, combined with good biocompatibility of the wear debris, indicate that third and fourth generation ceramic on ceramic bearing couples are a good choice for active, high demand patients.
Friolo, KH, Ray, AS, Stuart, BH & Thomas, P 1970, 'Degradation of historic sandstone buildings of Sydney', Proceedings of the 7th Australasian Masonry Conference, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, pp. 420-427.
Friolo, KH, Ray, AS, Stuart, BH & Thomas, P 1970, 'Thermal analysis of yellow block sandstones in Sydney's heritage buildings', 13th International Congress on Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Book of Abstracts, 13th International Congress on Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Sardinia.
Furukawa, T, Bourgault, F, Durrant-Whyte, HF, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Dynamic allocation and control of coordinated UAVs to engage multiple targets in a time-optimal manner', 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1- 5, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference on Robots and Automation, IEEE, New Orleans, pp. 2353-2358.
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This paper presents the real-time control of cooperative unmanned air vehicles (UAV) that dynamically engage multiple targets in a time-optimal manner. Techniques to dynamically allocate vehicles to targets and to subsequently find the time-optimal control actions are proposed. The decentralization of the proposed control strategy is further presented such that the vehicles can be controlled in real-time without significant time delay. The proposed strategy is men applied to various practical battlefield problems, and numerical results show the efficiency of the proposed strategy.
Furukawa, T, Bourgault, F, Wong, E & Kirchner, NG 1970, 'Autonomous control of cooperative MAVs for urban search and rescue', International Symposium on Innovative Aerial/Space Flyer Systems.
Gabrys, B 1970, 'Learning hybrid neuro-fuzzy classifier models from data: to combine or not to combine?', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, International Workshop on Hybrid Methods for Adaptive Systems held at EUNITE 2001, Elsevier BV, Puerto de la Cruz, SPAIN, pp. 39-56.
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Gabrys, B & Petrakieva, L 1970, 'Combining labelled and unlabelled data in the design of pattern classification systems', International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, Workshop on Hybrid Methods for Adaptive Systems, Elsevier BV, Albufeira, PORTUGAL, pp. 251-273.
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Galloway, J & Sood, SC 1970, 'Cell marketing: next generation segmentation', Conference Proceedings of the 2004 Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference: 'Marketing Accountabilities and Responsibilities', Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference, ANZMAC, Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 1-6.
Galvin, AL, Endo, MM, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 1970, 'Functional biological activity of non-crosslinked and crosslinked UHMWPE hip joint prostheses', Transactions - 7th World Biomaterials Congress, p. 145.
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The wear rates, debris and biological activity of non-crosslinked and crosslinked ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) hip joint prostheses were studied. The non-crosslinked, slightly crosslinked and highly crosslinked samples of UHMWPE were gamma irradiated in nitrogen and were measurements were taken using a coordinate measuring machine. SEM was used for the analysis of the wear debris from the materials. It was found that the wear rate of the highly crosslinked UHMWPE was lower than for the other materials. While the wear rate of the highly crosslinked materials was low, it only generated a two fold reduction in functional biological activity and osteolytic potential.
Galvin, AL, Tipper, JL, McEwen, HMJ, Williams, S, Stone, MH, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 1970, 'Nanometre sized polyethylene wear debris in hip and knee prostheses', Transactions - 7th World Biomaterials Congress, p. 345.
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The nanometer sized wear debris of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) 1020 GVF generated in hip and knee prostheses was studied using a high resolution field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEGSEM). The samples were foil packed and irradiated with 4MRad gamma irradiation in a vacuum. A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) was used to measure the wear of the samples. All tests were carried out in 25% bovine serum diluted with 0.1% sodium azide and were run to 5 million cycles. It was observed that the UHMWPE debris from the knee prostheses was generally larger than the debris from the hip prostheses.
Garcés-Chávez, V, McGloin, D, Summers, MD, Fernandez-Nieves, A, Spalding, GC, Cristobal, G & Dholakia, K 1970, 'The reconstruction of optical angular momentum after distortion in amplitude, phase and polarization', Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics, NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Singular Optics, IOP Publishing, Kiev, UKRAINE, pp. S235-S238.
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Ge, Y, Esselle, KP & Bird, TS 1970, 'Reducing the width of E-shaped patch antennas for wireless applications', Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Antennas, Radar, and Wave Propagation, pp. 25-30.
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We investigate ways of reducing the width of an E-shaped microstrip patch antenna (ESPA) without significantly affecting the bandwidth. We propose to introduce corrugations to the wings of the ESPA for this purpose. Our initial results indicate that the width of a broadband ESPA can be reduced from 33mm to 25mm using this technique while maintaining the same bandwidth. First we present a narrow, 25mm ESPA with a coaxial probe feed. Then we modify the ESPA configuration with a strip-feed structure, which is more compatible with microstrip transmission lines. Finally we compare a microstrip-fed, planar ESPA with a microstrip-fed corrugated ESPA.
Gervasi, V, Zowghi, D, Easterbrook, S & Sim, S 1970, 'Workshop Summary on Comparative Evaluation in Requirements Engineering', Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Comparative Evaluation in Requirements Engineering, International Workshop on Comparative Evaluation in Requirements Engineering, UTS, Monteray Bay, USA, pp. 5-8.
Ghevondian, N, Nguyen, H & Colagiuri, S 1970, 'The HypoMon((R)): A novel non-invasive hypoglycemia monitor using machine intelligence', DIABETES, 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Diabetes-Association, AMER DIABETES ASSOC, Orlando, FL, pp. A103-A103.
Ghevondian, N, Nguyen, HT & Colagiuri, S 1970, 'A Novel Non-Invasive Methodology For The Detection of Hypoglycaemia: The HypoMon®', Proceedings of the ADS & ADEA Annual Scientific Meeting 2004, ADS &ADEA Annual Scientific Meeting 2004, EPSM 2004 Conference Handbook, Sydney, Australia, pp. 372-372.
Ghevondian, N, Nguyen, HT & Colagiuri, S 1970, 'The HypoMon®: A Novel Non-Invasive Hypoglycemia Monitor Using Machine Intelligence', Proceedings of the American Diabetes Association's 64th Scientific Session 2004, The American Diabetes Association's 64th Scientific Session 2004, American Diabetes Association, Orlando, Florida, USA, pp. 437-437.
Gide, E, Nuchthabanik A, A, Chu, K & Wu, M 1970, 'Implementation of Web-based E-commerce Programs in China’s Higher Educational Institutions', 2004 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT), Washington DC, USA.
Glamore, W & Indraratna, B 1970, 'A two-stage decision support tool for restoring tidal flows to flood mitigation drains affected by acid sulfate soil: case study of Broughton Creek floodplain, New South Wales, Australia', Soil Research, 5th International Acid Sulfate Soil Conference, CSIRO Publishing, Tweed Heads, AUSTRALIA, pp. 639-639.
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A 2-stage flood estimation and water quality decision support tool (DST) was developed, calibrated, and applied to a field site in south-eastern New South Wales (NSW) to simulate tidal restoration in a flood mitigation drain affected by acid sulfate soils leachate. The first stage of the DST employs a digital terrain map, geographic information tools, and measured water levels to calculate drain water overtopping due to tidal variations. Simulations using the GIS technique at the study site indicated that the primary drainage network can safely contain full tidal flushing (0.91 m AHD or a 58% increase), whereas at the same level the secondary drainage network overtops along relict drainage channels. The second stage of the DST simulates the change in drain water quality using an ion-specific program code written within the open interface PHREEQC program. The results from the water quality model were calibrated against laboratory titration tests. Drain water pH was shown to increase above 6.0, and soluble aluminium and iron concentrations decreased by 73% and 56%, respectively. The extent of water quality change is directly related to the ionic strength of the intruding water and the ion-specific reaction kinetics of aluminium, iron, and sulfate.
Gong, Z, Guzman, JI, Scheding, SJ, Rye, DC, Dissanayake, G & Durrant-Whyte, H 1970, 'A heuristic rule-based switching and adaptive PID controller for a large autonomous tracked vehicle: From development to implementation', Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Control Applications, IEEE International Conference on Control Applications, IEEE, Taipei,Taiwan, pp. 1272-1277.
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An innovative and effective algorithm to control the speed and heading of a large tracked vehicle is presented. This is part of a larger control system that converts a manual driving vehicle into a computer controlled platform to perform autonomous functions in unstructured jungle-like terrains. Heuristic rule-based switching and adaptive FID control methods are used in this algorithm. The control system has been physically implemented and extensive field trials proved that the algorithm is robust and effective with excellent performance under various terrain conditions. ©2004 IEEE.
Gu Fang, Dissanayake, G & Lau, H 1970, 'A behaviour-based optimisation strategy for multi-robot exploration', IEEE Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics, 2004., 2004 IEEE Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics, IEEE, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 875-879.
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Gulrez, T, Al-Hmouz, R, Chaczko, Z & IEEE 1970, 'Unmanned autonomous vehicle control & SLAM problem in 2-D environment', INMIC 2004: 8th International Multitopic Conference, Proceedings, IEEE International Multioptic Conference, IEEE, Lahore, Pakistan, pp. 712-716.
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This paper proposes a method of selecting (autonomously) the artificial landmarks by Laser measurement, to establish the 2D obstacle map. Due to the error in the motion and measurement of the robot, the observed landmarks positions include the uncertainty. In this paper we discuss the simultaneous laser type localizaiton and map building (SLAW) problems. SLAM problem asks, is it possible for an autonomous vehicle to start in an unknown location in an unknown environment and then incrementally builds a map of this environment, while simultaneously using the map to compute the absolute vehicle location. From the results, we proved that a solution to the SLAM problem is indeed possible for 2D obstacle map. This implementation was made on Real time Player/Stage Robotics Software as well as the Matlab results were obtained, also we demonstrated how key issues such as, map management and data association can be handled in a practical eivironment.
Gunes, H, Piccardi, M & Jan, T 1970, 'Automated classification of female facial beauty by image analysis and supervised learning', VISUAL COMMUNICATIONS AND IMAGE PROCESSING 2004, PTS 1 AND 2, SPIE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing, IS&T & SPIE, San Jose, CA, USA, pp. 968-978.
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The fact that perception of facial beauty may be a universal concept has long been debated amongst psychologists and anthropologists. In this paper, we performed experiments to evaluate the extent of beauty universality by asking a number of diverse human referees to grade a same collection of female facial images. Results obtained show that the different individuals gave similar votes, thus well supporting the concept of beauty universality. We then trained an automated classifier using the human votes as the ground truth and used it to classify an independent test set of facial images. The high accuracy achieved proves that this classifier can be used as a general, automated tool for objective classification of female facial beauty. Potential applications exist in the entertainment industry and plastic surgery.
Gunes, H, Piccardi, M & Jan, T 1970, 'Bimodal Modelling of Facila and Upper-Body Gesture for Affective HCI', Conference Proceedings of OZCHI 2004, Australian Computer Human Interaction Conference, Ergonomics Society of Australia, Wollongong, Australia, pp. 1-9.
Gunes, H, Piccardi, M & Jan, T 1970, 'Face and body gesture analysis for multimodal HCI', COMPUTER HUMAN INTERACTION: PROCEEDINGS, Asia-Pacific Computer Human Interaction Conference, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Rotorua, New Zealand, pp. 583-588.
Gunes, H, Piccardi, M & Jan, T 1970, 'Face and Body gesture recognition for a vision-based multimodal analyser', Proceedings of the Pan-Sydney Area Workshop on Visual Information Processing (VIP2003), Pan-Sydney Area Workshop on Visual Information Processing, ACS, Sydney, Australia, pp. 19-28.
Gunes, H, Piccardi, M, Jan, T & IEEE 1970, 'Comparative classification for pre-surgery planning', 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN & CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-7, IEEE Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp. 2168-2174.
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Recent medical studies show that there exist aesthetic ideal features for facial beauty based on facial proportions. Automated tools that can provide information about the prediction of how the surgery will improve the patients' perceived beauty or 'peer-esteem' will find applications in various areas. In our previous work, we introduced an automated procedure based on image analysis and supervised learning that confirmed the existence of general rules in peer-esteem measurement. In this paper, we further experimented our automated system by extending the analysis of classification tools and human data by comparing a number of classifiers, namely decision trees, multi-layer perceptron and kernel density estimators. Results are good since the standardized distance is generally less than one class, and prove that these classifiers can be used to reliably predict the consensus of a large and varied population of human referees, hence providing peer-esteem information for patients.
Guo, W, Vigneswaran, S & Ngo, H 1970, 'A Rational Approach In Controlling Membrane Fouling Problems: Pretreatments to a submerged Hollow Fibre Membrane System', Water Environment - Membrane Technology Proceedings, IWA Specialty Conference, Water Environment-Membrane Technology, IWA, Seoul, Korea, pp. 517-524.
Guo, W, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, H & Ben Aim, RM 1970, 'Performance of a Submerged Membrane Adsorption Hybrid System (SMAHS) in Wastewater Treatment for Reuse', 4th World Water congress: innovations in Drinking Water Treatment, IWA World Water Congress, IWA, Marrakech, Morocco, pp. 1-8.
Guo, X & Lu, J 1970, 'Towards a conceptual framework of dynamic personalization', Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Information and Management Sciences, International Conference on Information and Management Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, USA, Dunhuang, China, pp. 348-354.
Guo, X, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'A recommender system by two-level collaborative filtering', Proceedings of the Eigtht IASTED International Conference on Software Engineering and Applications, IASTED International Conference Software Engineering and Applications, ACTA Press, Cambridge,USA, pp. 65-69.
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A vast of information and services on the web have caused the information overload problem. Search engines are pretty difficult to locate appropriate information due to the huge number of search results. In the last a few years, recommender system techniques have gained much attention. Most recommender systems adopt two types of techniques: content-based and collaborative filtering approach. In this study, a subject recommender system has been developed and implemented in an education environment. The system aims to locate right subject information to right students according to their individual needs and interests. With a technical advance, the system has integrated content-based, collaborative filtering and web usage analysis technique. Furthermore, we propose novel two-level collaborative filtering method in the system to improve the sparsity problem resolve at the early stages of recommender system.
Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'Improved Design and Performance Analysis of Permanent Magnet Transverse Flux Motors with Soft Magnetic Composite Core', Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS2004), International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS 2004 Organiser, Jiju Island, Korea, pp. 1-4.
Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'Study of Permanent Magnet Transverse Flux Motors with Soft Magnetic Composite Core', Proceedings of the 2004 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference AUPEC2004, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC04, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1-6.
Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Wu, W 1970, 'Design and Analysis of Electric Motors with Soft Magnetic Composite Core', Proceedings of the 3rd Japanese Australia New Zealand Joint Seminar, The 3rd Japanese Australia New Zealand Joint Seminar, Japanese Magnetic Society, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 1-7.
Ha, QP, Nguyen, A & Trinh, HM 1970, 'Simultaneous State and Input Estimation with Application to a Two-Link Robotic System', Proceedings of the 5th Asian Control Conference, Asian Control Conference, IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 947-953.
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Scott, 1) Physical page no same as for other publication 'A Low-Order Linear......' ! 2) 2 X H Trinh at Deakin
Ha, QP, Nguyen, AD & Trinh, H 1970, 'Simultaneous state and input estimation with application to a two-link robotic system', 2004 5th Asian Control Conference, pp. 323-329.
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This paper addresses the problem of estimating simultaneously the state and input of a nonlinear system with application to a two link robotic manipulator - the Pendubot. The system nonlinearity comprises a Lipschitz function with respect to the state, and a nonlinear term which is a function of both the state and input. It is shown that under some conditions, an observer can be designed to estimate simultaneously the system's state and input. Simulation and experimental results, obtained around the inverted equilibrium position, are presented to demonstrate the validity of the approach.
Ha, QP, Tran, T & Trinh, HM 1970, 'Observer-Based Output Feedback Variable Structure Control with Application to a Two-Link Manipulator', Preprints of the 3rd IFAC Symposium on Mechatronics Systems, IFAC Symposium on Mechatronic Systems, Casual Productions, Glenelg North, SA, Australia, Sydney, Australia, pp. 133-138.
Ha, QP, Tran, TH & Trinh, H 1970, 'Observer-Based Output Feedback Variable Structure Control with Application to a Two-Link Manipulator', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, Elsevier BV, pp. 127-132.
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Copyright © IFAC Mechatronic Systems, Sydney, Australia, 2004. This paper proposes an approach to design dynamic output feedback sliding mode controllers for mismatched uncertain systems that are subject to perturbations in the output measurements. An asymptotic observer is first developed for the estimation of both the system state and unknown input. These estimates are then used to implement the equivalent control and the robust control for the system's desired sliding dynamics. Simulation and experimental results obtained for the Pendubot, a two-link manipulator, are presented to demonstrate the validity of the approach.
Ha, QP, Trinh, HM & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'A Low-Order Linear Functional Observer for Time Delay Systems', Proceedings of the 5th Asian Control Conference, Asian Control Conference, IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 947-955.
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Scott, 1)there are two Names H Trinh as stapled to front yellow page. & 2) the page numbers are the same as physically on the print off of Ha's other Public in this Conf 'Simultaneous State... ' !!
Ha, QP, Wu, Y, Samali, B & Li, J 1970, 'Earthquake Response of a Building Model with Base-Isolated Active Control', Preprints of the 3rd IFAC Symposium on Mechatronics Systems, IFAC Symposium on Mechatronic Systems, Casual Productions, Glenelg North, SA, Sydney, Australia, pp. 687-692.
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Place published ?- CD ROM
Ha, QP, Wu, YM, Samali, B & Li, J 1970, 'Earthquake Response of a Building Model with Base-Isolated Active Control', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, Elsevier BV, pp. 641-646.
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Copyright © IFAC Mechatronic Systems, Sydney, Australia, 2004. Base-isolated active control is employed in this paper for the protection of tall buildings against strong earthquakes with application to a five-storey benchmark building model. The control system consists of a base isolation system (laminated rubber bearings) connected to an active control system (a tuned mass damper and an actuator). Linear functional observers are used to reconstruct the control signal for systems with a limited number of sensors. The effectiveness of the proposed control system is tested with different ground motions: El-Centro 1940. Hachinohe 1968, Kobe 1995, and Northridge 1994 earthquakes. Numerical results show that the rubber bearing system alone can perform well against Hachinohe, Kobe, and Northridge ground motions, but not well enough to protect the model against El-Centro ground motion. With an active control system implemented to the rubber-isolated model, significant improvements in earthquake resistance against these four earthquakes arc obtained, especially against the El-Centro.
Hadgraft, R & Xie, M 1970, 'Civil And Infrastructure Engineering For Sustainability', 2004 Annual Conference Proceedings, 2004 Annual Conference, ASEE Conferences, pp. 9.306.1-9.306.10.
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The redesign of the civil engineering program as civil and infrastructure program for introduction by the School of Civil and Chemical Engineering at RMIT University, Melbourne-Australia, was presented. The key changes in the redesign were identification of graduate capabilities as the focus of student learning, use of sustainability principles, creation of stream of engineering practice courses, and use of team-based, project-based learning. Some of the capabilities identified were sustainability, problem solving and decision making, technical competence, and teamwork and leadership. A series of industry meetings with a range of engineering employers and graduates and also with stakeholders were held to seek their input into the new program.
Halkon, B & Rothberg, S 1970, 'Automatic post-processing of laser vibrometry data for rotor vibration measurements', IMechE Event Publications, 8th International Conference on Vibrations in Rotating Machinery, PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD, Univ Wales Swansea, Swansea, WALES, pp. 215-230.
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The Laser Vibrometer constitutes a potentially powerful vibration transducer for measurements directly from rotating components. Radial, axial, pitch/yaw and torsional vibrations can all be measured using either single beam or parallel beam Laser Vibrometers. Successful application, however, requires a clear appreciation of the effects of laser speckle and of how radial and pitch/yaw vibration measurements from rotors contain significant cross-sensitivities to motion perpendicular to the intended measurement. Making use of two orthogonal vibration measurements and an independent speed measurement it is possible to eliminate cross-sensitivity from measured data at all non-synchronous frequencies but a convenient, practical means to undertake the necessary data processing has not been available until now. A Lab VIEW based real-time version of this essential resolution technique will be presented for the first time in this paper. This paper describes a number of example measurements. Radial and pitch/yaw vibration measurements will demonstrate the use of the resolution technique to show effects such as the excitation of the first bending mode of the crankshaft. A torsional vibration measurement on a crankshaft pulley will show the influence of speckle noise and alignment issues will be discussed to limit the pitch/yaw vibration sensitivity. Differential torsional measurements on rotating components can be used to examine, for example, the twisting across a flexible coupling and the stretching of a drive belt; speckle effects are again important. © IMechE 2004.
Halkon, BJ & Rothberg, SJ 1970, 'Synchronized-scanning laser vibrometry', SPIE Proceedings, Sixth International Conference on Vibration Measurements by Laser Techniques: Advances and Applications, SPIE, Ancona, ITALY, pp. 260-260.
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The use of Laser Vibrometers incorporating some form of manipulation of the laser beam orientation, typically using two orthogonally aligned mirrors, has become increasingly popular in recent years with considerable attention being given to the operation of such scanning Laser Vibrometers in continuous scanning mode. Here the laser beam orientation is a continuous function of time, making it possible, for example, to track a single point on a moving target such as a rotating bladed disc. A recently derived comprehensive velocity sensitivity model has been developed to incorporate time-dependent beam orientation enabling confident and detailed analysis of data obtained in such measurements. The model predicts the measured velocity for arbitrary mirror scan angles and arbitrary target motion and is shown to be especially valuable in revealing the sources of additional components that occur in continuous scanning and tracking measurements on rotors. The development of the comprehensive velocity sensitivity model and of sophisticated measurement hardware and software has resulted in proposal of the exciting new Synchronised-Scanning Laser Vibrometry technique. Introduced for the first time in this paper, the measurement involves the probe laser beam tracking the rotating structure and simultaneously scanning the region of interest to provide modal data under operating conditions, i.e. during rotation. Such a measurement is inconceivable by any other means and the system that has been created has the potential to provide data of fundamental importance in the design and development of a wide range of devices from hard disk drives to gas turbines.
Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Agent support for learner groups', Proceedings of the Seventh IASTED International Conference on Computers and Advanced Technology in Education, IASTED International Conference Computers and Advanced Technology, ACTA Press, Kauai,USA, pp. 432-437.
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The paper describes ways to support student groups working on case studies. It proposes that software agents provide such support and describes a way to create such agents. A multi-agent system is described. The agent system includes agents to manage the tasks within the case study group, and each individual task. Each task is designed to learn a different competency within a larger project framework.
Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Agents for coordinating processes on the internet', Proceedings of the Eighth IASTED International Conference on Internet and Multimedia Systems and Applications, IASTED International Conference on Internet and Multimedia Systems and Applications, ACTA, Kauai, USA, pp. 367-372.
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As business processes become distributed and knowledge intensive, increasing support is needed to coordinate these processes on the InterNet. Processes in knowledge intensive environments integrate workflows, emergent work and social interactions, and they continually change as the situation changes. Consequently process coordination must integrate ensure that all process participants are continually aware of what they must do as the situation changes. This paper proposes that software agents be used to coordinate such processes and defines the essential characteristics of such agents. These include open architecture for reusability and proactivity and generic agents to be combined into specific architectures. The paper describes a metamodel to identify generic agents and specify them in generic terms. The paper first describes a metamodel for defining collaborative systems and then describes an agent architecture based on this metamodel.
Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Identifying generic agents for active workspaces', ITRE 2004. 2nd International Conference Information Technology: Research and Education, ITRE 2004. 2nd International Conference Information Technology: Research and Education, IEEE, London,UK, pp. 136-140.
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Collaborative systems, in particular workspaces and groupware, are used to support distributed team members. However, groupware or workspaces require users to adapt the tool to their work practices to support their interactions within the context of work. Such adaption may need considerable time and effort especially where work situations continually evolve. This paper proposes an alternate approach where agents support users to make such changes and can monitor the collaboration and suggest and create different discourse support. It proposes a metamodel to describe collaborative work and a supporting multi-agent architecture based on this metamodel. ©2004 IEEE.
Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Modeling Emergent Processes in Knowledge-Intensive Environments', Twelfth International Conference on Information Systems Development Proceedings, International Conference on Information Systems Development, Kluwer, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 0-0.
Hawryszkiewycz, IT & Maung, W 1970, 'A Method for integrating knowledge management into Business processes', Proceedings of Decision Support in an Uncertain World, IFIP WG8.3 International Conference on Decision Support Systems, Monash University, Prato, Italy, pp. 330-338.
Hawryszkiewycz, IT & Maung, W 1970, 'Agent support for the knowledge management process', International Conference on Intellectual Capital, Knowledge Management and Oganisational Learning, International Conference on Intellectual Capital, Knowledge Management and Oganisational Learning, Academic Conferences Ltd, Toronto, Canada, pp. 135-142.
Hawryszkiewycz, IT & Maung, W 1970, 'Integrating knowledge management into business processes', Australian Conference for Knowledge Management Intelligent Decision Support, ACKMIDS2003, Monash University, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 0-0.
Hayasaka, N & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'A study of robust speech recognition using FRM filter', 2004 IEEE Region 10 Conference TENCON 2004., TENCON 2004. 2004 IEEE Region 10 Conference, IEEE, pp. 80-83 Vol. 1.
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Hayasaka, N & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'A study of robust speech recognition using FRM filter', IEEE Region 10 Annual International Conference, Proceedings/TENCON.
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This report introduces a new approach of FRM technique for a robust speech recognition system. We have already developed an intelligent □ltering techniques for a robust speech recognition. In this method, a conventional FIR band-pass □lter is applied on running log power spectrum. In order to improve the recognition accuracy, the designed FIR □lter become considerably high order. Using a FRM □lter, we can develop the robust speech recognition whose recognition ability is high enough and whose □ltering order can be reduced low. Using this new FRM □lter, some speech recognition experiments are shown in this report.
Hayasaka, N, Wada, N, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'A robust speech recognition system using FRM running spectrum filtering', First International Symposium on Control, Communications and Signal Processing, 2004., 2004 First International Symposium on Control, Communications and Signal Processing, IEEE, pp. 401-404.
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He, S, Wang, H, Hintz, TB & Wu, Q 1970, 'How Can Spiral Architecture Improve Image Compression?', Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Macquarie Scientific Publishing, Harbin, China, pp. 226-230.
He, X, Hintz, T & Wu, Q 1970, 'Edge detection on spiral architecture: An overview', Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, PDPTA'04, International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 406-412.
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Gradient-based edge detection is a straightforward method to identify the edge points in the original grey-level image. It is intuitive that in the human vision system the edge points always appear where the greylevel value is greatly changed. Spiral Architecture is a relatively new image data structure that is inspired from anatomical considerations of the primate's vision. In Spiral Architecture, each image is represented as a collection of hexagonal pixels. Edge detection on Spiral Architecture has features of fast computation and accurate localization. In this paper, we briefly review the edge detection methods on Spiral Architecture including the edge focusing technique, bilateral filter, and triple-diagonal gradient. Parallel algorithms for edge detection will be discussed. We will also list problems for future work.
Hecker, M, Leijdekkers, P & Gay, VC 1970, 'A Testbed for Ubiquitous Computing using Next Generation Mobile Networks', Proceedings of the 12th Collector Workshop on e-commerce Collector 2004, Collaborative Electronic Commerce Technology and Research, Collector Group, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 1-11.
Hohn, N, Veitch, D, Papagiannaki, K & Diot, C 1970, 'Bridging router performance and queuing theory', ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), ACM, pp. 355-366.
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This paper provides an authoritative knowledge of through-router packet delays and therefore a better understanding of data network performance. Thanks to a unique experimental setup, we capture all packets crossing a router for 13 hours and present detailed statistics of their delays. These measurements allow us to build the following physical model for router performance: each packet experiences a minimum router processing time before entering a fluid output queue. Although simple, this model reproduces the router behaviour with excellent accuracy and avoids two common pitfalls. First we show that in-router packet processing time accounts for a significant portion of the overall packet delay and should not be neglected. Second we point out that one should fully understand both link and physical layer characteristics to use the appropriate bandwidth value.Focusing directly on router performance, we provide insights into system busy periods and show precisely how queues build up inside a router. We explain why current practices for inferring delays based on average utilization have fundamental problems, and propose an alternative solution to directly report router delay information based on busy period statistics.
Horvath, L, Weily, AR, Esselle, KP & Sanders, BC 1970, 'Photonic crystal horn antenna coupler', Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Antennas, Radar, and Wave Propagation, pp. 86-91.
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We propose a pair of photonic crystal horn antennas as an efficient and convenient means for coupling electromagnetic radiation between two photonic crystal circuits. We show that on average these configurations operate efficiently with low loss, and tolerant to alignment errors. This proposed arrangement requires the photonic crystal horn antennas to couple in the near field regime and we provide a characterization of photonic crystal horn antennas in the near field for this analysis.
Huang, S, James, M & Jiang, Z 1970, 'L -Bounded Robust Control of Nonlinear Cascade Systems', Proceedings of the 5th Asian Control Conference, Asian Control Conference, ASCC 2004, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 531-538.
Huang, S, James, MR & Jiang, ZP 1970, 'L∞-bounded robust control of nonlinear cascade systems', 2004 5th Asian Control Conference, pp. 532-539.
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In this paper, we consider the L∞-bounded robust control problem for a class of nonlinear cascade systems with disturbances. Sufficient conditions are provided under which a hard bound is imposed on the system performance measure. The backstepping approach is used for controller design. Examples are provided to illustrate the method.
Huang, S, James, MR, Nesic, D & Dower, PM 1970, 'Measurement feedback controller design to achieve input to state stability', 2004 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37601), 2004 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37601), IEEE, Atlantis, Paradise Island, Bahamas, pp. 2515-2520 Vol.3.
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An approach for design of measurement feedback controllers achieving input-to-state (ISS) stability properties is presented. A synthesis procedure based on dynamic programming is given. We make use of recently developed results on controller synthesis to achieve uniform l∞ bound [6]. Our results make an important connection between the ISS literature and nonlinear H∞ design methods.
Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, T 1970, 'Classification of reputation in peer-to-peer (P2P) communication', PDPTA '04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-3, International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, CSREA Press, Nevada, USA, pp. 1429-1435.
Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, T 1970, 'Reputation in peer-to-peer communication', IC'04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERNET COMPUTING, VOLS 1 AND 2, International Conference on Internet Computing, CSREA Press, Nevada, USA, pp. 269-271.
Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, T 1970, 'Repute relationships for reputation management in peer-to-peer communication - I', SAM '04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT, International Conference on Security and Management, CSREA, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 147-153.
Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, TS 1970, 'Factors of trust that influence trust worthiness in peer-to-peer (P2P) based e-commerce', BAI 2004 International Workshop on Business and Information, International Workshop on Business and Information, Academy of Taiwan information system research, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 1-10.
Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, TS 1970, 'Peer to peer (P2P) trust modeling', International Conference on Communication and Broadband Networking (ICBN'04), International Conference on Communication and Broadband Networking (ICBN'04), ICBN'04, Kobe, Japan, pp. 1-18.
Hussain, FK, Chang, E & Dillon, TS 1970, 'Taxonomy of Trust Relationships in Peer-Peer (P2P) Communication', Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Security in Information Systems WOSIS-2004, International Workshop on Security in Information Systems, INSTICC: Press, Institute for Systems and Technologies of Information, Control and Communication, Portugal, pp. 99-103.
Iacopi, F, Brongersma, SH, Vandevelde, B, O'Toole, M, Degryse, D, Travaly, Y & Maex, K 1970, 'Challenges for structural stability of ultra-low-k-based interconnects', MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, Symposium on Characterization and Mechanical Reliability of Advanced Electronic Materials at Nanoscale, ELSEVIER, Phoenix, AZ, pp. 54-62.
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Iacopi, F, Degryse, D, Vos, I, Patz, M & Maex, K 1970, 'Understanding adhesion failure in low-k dielectric stack during chemical-mechanical polishing', THIN FILMS-STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES X, Symposium on Thin Films - Stresses and Mechanical Properties X held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting, MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY, Boston, MA, pp. 131-136.
Iacopi, F, Travaly, Y, Stucchi, M, Struyf, H, Peeters, S, Jonckheere, R, Leunissen, LHA, Tokei, Z, Sutcliffe, V, Richard, O, Van Hove, M & Maex, K 1970, 'Processing damage and electrical performance of porous dielectrics in narrow spaced interconnects', MATERIALS, TECHNOLOGY AND RELIABILITY FOR ADVANCED INTERCONNECTS AND LOW-K DIELECTRICS-2004, Synposium on Materials, Technology and Reliability for Advanced Interconnects and Low-k Dielectrics held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting, MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY, San Francisco, CA, pp. 19-24.
Indraratna, B, Khabbaz, H & Salim, W 1970, 'A laboratory study on improvement of railway ballast using geosynthetics', GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING FOR TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS, VOL 1, GeoTrans 2004 - Geotechnical Engineering for Transportation Projects, ASCE, Los Angeles, California, USA, pp. 617-626.
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The classical railway track basically consists of a flat framework made up of rails and sleepers, which are supported on ballasted track formation. Ballast particles breakdown and deteriorate progressively under heavy cyclic rail loading. Moreover, excessive consolidation settlement and progressive shear failure may occur in soft track formation under repetitive stresses. In order to rectify these problems, frequent maintenance operations are generally required in ballasted track. In order to minimize the deterioration of track substructure and also to reduce maintenance cost, the use of various types of geosynthetics including recycling of waste ballast have been studied in the laboratory. The prospective use of three types of geosynthetics (i.e. geogrids, geotextiles and geocomposites) in enhancing the performance of fresh and recycled ballast has been examined. The aspects of deformation and degradation of ballast under cyclic loading have been studied using a large-scale prismoidal triaxial rig. The research findings reveal that recycled ballast stabilized with geosynthetic reinforcement has a good potential for resilient track construction and for reducing the cost of track maintenance. The experimental findings may be beneficial to the railway engineers and encourage them to upgrade current tracks based on these innovative techniques.
Indraratna, B, Raut, A & Locke, M 1970, 'Granular Filters in Embankment Dams: A Conceptual Overview and Experimental Investigation', Geo Jordan 2004, Geo Jordan Conference 2004, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 15-34.
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In contrast to empirical design, rigorous analytical modeling and numerical simulations provide useful predictions on time-dependent changes in filters, and the potential rate of base soil erosion from the dame core under various geo-hydraulic constraints. Moreover, simulation of filtration phenomenon by numerical schemes provides a good idea of the minimum filter thickness, based on its retention capacity. In this Keynote paper, governing equations are developed considering the principles of mass and momentum conservation combined with appropriate seepage criteria and the equations are solved by finite difference procedure to simulate the time-dependent changes in filters. The important contribution of various void models and seepage conditions assumed by various researchers are discussed and compared, identifying their scope and limitations within the framework of practical dam engineering. The theoretical developments are verified through large-scale laboratory testing for both cohesive and non-cohesive base soils.
Ip, K, Ray, AS, Stuart, BH & Thomas, P 1970, 'Degradation of historic sandstone buildings of Sydney', Proceedings of the 7th Australasian Masonry Conference, Australian Masonary Conference, University of Newcastle, Australia, pp. 420-427.
Jacobs, BJ & Brown, TA 1970, 'Addressing Inequities in Engineering Sketching Skills', Creating Flexible Learning Environments - proceedings of the 15th Australasian Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education and the 10th Australasian Women in Engineering Forum, AAEE - Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Toowoomba, Australia, pp. 18-28.
Jan, T, Po-Hsiang Tsai, Piccarch, M & Hintz, T 1970, 'Efficient video object classifier using locality-enhanced support vector machines', 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37583), 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37583), IEEE, The Hague, Netherlands, pp. 6373-6377.
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In multimedia applications such as MPEG-4, an ejicient model is required to encode and classih @ideo objects such as human, car and building. Recently Su,?port Vector Machine (SVM) has been shown to be a good c!assijer: however; its larxe computational requirementpmhibited its use in real time video pmcessing applications. In this paper: a modelispmposedthatenablesuseofSVMin video applications. Thispaper aims IO merge multi-scale basedxelecfive encoding/classification technique and locality-enhimced Support Vector Machine (SVM). Thepmposed model allows selected image scales (of interesr) ro be encoded and classified more accurafely by complex classifier such as ,SVM, whilst other image scales of less significance IO be encoded and classified by simpler encoder/classifiex Image sca Ies of interest are readily selectedfioni niulti-scale image processirigparadigm. SVMis used to encode visual object infirmation of significant image scale only: hence its use is ejicient. Experiment with MPEG-4 video object encoding and classification shows that the performance of the proposed ?!lode1 is comparable with other models, however with significarifly reduced computational requirements.
Jarman, R & Bryce, P 1970, 'Investigation of the Behaviour Of An AVR in a Ballast Load Frequency Controlled Stand Alone Mircohydroelectric System', Proceedings of the 2004 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference AUPEC2004, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2004, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1-6.
Jen-Feng Chung & Chin-Teng Lin 1970, 'A low-cost and application-driven digital signal processor for speech/audio processing', The 2004 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, 2004. Proceedings., The 2004 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, 2004., IEEE, Tainan, TAIWAN, pp. 373-376.
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Jia, W, He, S & Lin, Q 1970, 'Echocardiography Sequential Images Compression Based on Region of Interest', Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Macquarie Scientific Publishing, Harbin, China, pp. 232-237.
Jia, W, He, S & Wu, Q 1970, 'Edge Analysis on Rectangular and Hexagonal Architectures', Proceedings of the International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies, International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies, Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 69-75.
Jia, W, He, X & Lin, Q 1970, 'Echocardiography sequential images compression based on region of interest', Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA 2004), pp. 432-437.
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This paper describes the studies on methods of compression for medical echocardiography sequence, or called ultrasound sequential images in this paper. The aim is to find a combination of methods, which achieves the highest overall compression performance. Our approach is based on region of interest (ROI), i.e. to segment the image into several regions according to their spatial characteristics, and then compress them separately with different methods. In doing so, we are able to achieve a relatively high compression ratio of about 7.2 white preserving the lossless contents of important regions.
Jia, W, He, X & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Automatic license plate recognition: A review', Proceedings of the International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems and Technology, CISST'04, International Conference Imaging Science, Systems and Technology, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 43-49.
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In recent years, many researches on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have been reported. Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) is one form of ITS technology that not only recognizes and counts vehicles, but distinguishes each as unique by recognizing and recording the license plate's characters. This paper discusses the main techniques of ALPR. Several open problems are proposed at the end of the paper for future research.
Jian Guo Zhu & YouGuang Guo 1970, 'Study with magnetic property measurement of soft magnetic composite material and its application in electrical machines', Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, 2004. 39th IAS Annual Meeting., Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, 2004. 39th IAS Annual Meeting., IEEE, Seattle, WA, USA, pp. 373-380.
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This paper reports our study with the magnetic property measurements of soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials under both alternating and rotational magnetic excitations, and development of different electrical machines with SMC cores and three-dimensional magnetic field, such as claw pole and transverse flux motors. Three-dimensional finite element electromagnetic field analysis is conducted for determining some important parameters and optimizing the machine structures. The analysis methods are validated by the experimental results on two SMC motor prototypes.
Johnston, A & Edmonds, E 1970, 'Towards a framework of requirements for music learning support tools', Innovations Through Information Technology, Vols 1 and 2, International Conference of the Information-Resources-Management-Association, IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING, New Orleans, LA, pp. 643-646.
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Johnston, AJ 1970, 'Creativity, Music and Computers: Guidelines for Computer-Based Instrumental Music Support Tools', Managing New Wave Information Systems: Enterprise, Government and Society - Proceedings of the 15th Australasian Conference on Information Systems (ACIS2004), Australasian Conference on Information Systems, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia, pp. 1-9.
Johnston, AJ & Edmonds, EA 1970, 'Creativity, Music and Computers: Guidelines for Computer-Based Instrumental Music Support Tools', Proceedings of the Australasian Conference of Information Systems, Australasian Conference of Information Systems, University of Tasmania, Hobart, AUS, Hobart, TAS, Australia, pp. 2-11.
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This paper examines requirements for computer-based tools intended to support creative development in musicians. Approaches to instrumental music pedagogy are presented and implications for those seeking to support musical skill development with computers are discussed. A pedagogical philosophy based on the ï½natural learning processï½ is combined with recommendations from creativity researchers to build a set of suggested features and guidelines for developing instrumental music support tools which facilitate creative development. A prototype application illustrating our approach is described.
Jonghyuk Kim & Sukkarieh, S 1970, 'Improving the real-time efficiency of inertial SLAM and understanding its observability', 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566), 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 21-26.
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Jupp, JR & Gero, JS 1970, 'Computational Differentiation and Categorisation of Design Drawings', CAADRIA proceedings, CAADRIA 2004: Culture, Technology and Architecture, CAADRIA, pp. 303-318.
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Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH, Maleque, MA, Amalina, MA, Abdesselam, H & Mahlia, TMI 1970, 'Air -Fuel Ratio Calculation for a Natural Gas Fuelled Spark Ignition Engine', SAE Technical Paper Series, SAE 2004 World Congress & Exhibition, SAE International.
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Air-fuel ratio (AFR) is a crucial parameter for combustion controls in internal combustion engines. An incorrect AFR metering for reciprocating internal combustion engine causes high toxic gases emissions formulation, serious fuel consumption problems and unbearable combustion noise and combustion deterioration. Traditionally, the AFR is obtained by direct measurement of intake air and the fuel either injected into the combustion chamber or pre-mixed at the carburetor. However, the accurate AFR obtained from direct measurement is difficult due to measuring equipments resolution prone to errors. This paper describes a method for accurate determination of air-fuel ratio based on exhaust emission gas analysis as an additional tool used to be validated the conventional direct air fuel flow rates measurement. This method explains all the possible parameters that may affect the accuracy of air-fuel ratio measurement which includes the instrument error, ambient conditions, the assumed water-gas shift reaction constant, the humidity of the atmospheric air and the inclusion of nitrogen in the air-fuel ratio model. Results show that four essential exhaust gas emission concentrations, namely carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2) and unburn hydrocarbons (HCs) are adequate for obtaining an accurate air-fuel ratio. The fuel type and the range of parameters that may affect the accuracy of air-fuel ratio are properly defined. This paper will also present experimental results of a bi-fuel natural gas spark ignition engine to be compared with computational results. The results of this investigation will be used to develop a new dedicated natural gas engine. Copyright © 2004 SAE International.
Kang, K 1970, 'Challenging Web Design and Cultural Issues in International E-Commerce Sites', eChallenges e-2004, eChallenges, eChallenges, Vienna, Austria, pp. 394-409.
Kang, K 1970, 'Design Web Site for Different Countries in E-Commerce', 9th AIM Conference, 9th AIM: Association Information and Management, ESKA, Evry, France, pp. 1-5.
Kegen Yu & Oppermann, I 1970, 'Outage probability of LMMSE receiver in multipath Nakagami-m fading channels', Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications - Programme and Book of Abstracts (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8738), Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications - Programme and Book of Abstracts, IEEE, pp. 894-898.
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In the paper we investigate the outage probability of a multiuser receiver in fading channels. We focus on the multipath, Nakagami-m channels with arbitrary m and path powers. Approximate analytical expressions of the outage probability of the linear minimum mean-squared error (LMMSE) receiver are derived when the receiver employs the channel gain variances of the interferers. In deriving the analytical expressions, we exploit large system analysis and the gamma series representation of the probability density function (PDF) of a sum of independent gamma variables. The outage probability is evaluated under a range of receiver implementations. The accuracy of the theoretical results is examined through simulation. © 2004 IEEE.
Kegen Yu & Oppermann, I 1970, 'Performance of UWB position estimation based on time-of-arrival measurements', 2004 International Workshop on Ultra Wideband Systems Joint with Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies. Joint UWBST & IWUWBS 2004 (IEEE Cat. No.04EX812), 2004 International Workshop on Ultra Wideband Systems Joint with Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies. Joint UWBST & IWUWBS 2004, IEEE, Kyoto, JAPAN, pp. 400-404.
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Kegen Yu & Oppermann, I 1970, 'UWB positioning for wireless embedded networks', Proceedings. 2004 IEEE Radio and Wireless Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8746), 2004 IEEE Radio and Wireless Conference, IEEE, Atlanta, GA, pp. 459-462.
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Kennedy, PJ, Simoff, SJ, Skillicorn, D & Catchpoole, D 1970, 'Extracting and explaining biological knowledge in microarray data', ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY AND DATA MINING, PROCEEDINGS, Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Sydney, Australia, pp. 699-703.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004. This paper describes a method of clustering lists of genes mined from a microarray dataset using functional information from the Gene Ontology. The method uses relationships between terms in the ontology both to build clusters and to extract meaningful cluster descriptions. The approach is general and may be applied to assist explanation of other datasets associated with ontologies.
Kim, J & Sukkarieh, S 1970, 'Complementary SLAM aided GPS/INS Navigation in GNSS Denied and Unknown Environments', International Symposium on GNSS and GPS, Sydney.
Kim, J & Sukkarieh, S 1970, 'SLAM aided GPS/INS navigation in GPS denied and unknown environments', The 2004 International Symposium on GNSS/GPS, pp. 13-13.
Kim, J, Ridley, M, Sukkarieh, S & Nettleton, E 1970, 'Real-time Experiment of Feature Tracking/Mapping using a low-cost Vision and GPS/INS System on an UAV platform', Journal of Global Positioning Systems, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, pp. 167-172.
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Kotwal, A & Chaczko, ZC 1970, 'Secure Network Application Proxy', Proceedings The 3rd Workshop on Internet, Telecommunications and Signal Processing WITSP'2004, Workshop on Internet, Telecommunications and Signal Processing, IEEE, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 1-6.
Kulatunga, AK, Liu, D & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Simulated Annealing Algorithm Based Multi-Robot Coordination', Preprints of the 3rd IFAC Symposium on Mechatronic Systems, The 3rd IFAC Symposium on Mechatronic Systems, International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC), Sydney, Australia, pp. 411-415.
Kwok, NM, Liu, DK, Fang, G, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Path planning for bearing-only simultaneous localisation and mapping', 2004 IEEE CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS, AUTOMATION AND MECHATRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, IEEE Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 828-833.
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Simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) is the process of estimating the pose of a mobile robot and the locations of landmarks by using sensors. When SLAM is cast as an information extraction procedure, its quality can be defined as the amount of uncertainty contained in the resultant estimation. Due to the characteristic of the bearing-only sensor and the geometry of the environment, the estimation uncertainty relies critically on the amount of information obtained from measurements and the efficiency of information extraction by the estimator. These quantities are dependent on the relative position between the robot and the landmarks, i.e., the path of the robot motion. Therefore, a well planned path of motion for the robot can significantly improve the SLAM quality. A genetic algorithm is adopted in this research to design a near-optimal one-step-ahead robot path subject to a multiple of planning objectives. The use of genetic algorithm together with a Pareto set, is proved to be efficient in reducing the estimation uncertainty and improving the quality of SLAM by simulation results.
Lavian, T, Mambretti, J, Cutrell, D, Cohen, H, Merrill, S, Durairaj, R, Daspit, P, Monga, I, Naiksatam, S, Figueira, S, Gutierrez, D, Hoang, D & Travostino, F 1970, 'DWDM-RAM: A data intensive grid service architecture enabled by dynamic optical networks', IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid, 2004. CCGrid 2004., IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid, 2004. CCGrid 2004., IEEE, Chicago, USA, pp. 762-764.
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Next generation applications and architectures (for example, Grids) are driving radical changes in the nature of traffic, service models, technology, and cost, creating opportunities for an advanced communications infrastructure to tackle next generation data services. To take advantage of these trends and opportunities, research communities are creating new architectures, such as the Open Grid Service Architecture (OGSA), which are being implemented in new prototype advanced infrastructures. The DWDM-RAM project, funded by DARPA, is actively addressing the challenges of next generation applications. DWDM-RAM is an architecture for data-intensive services enabled by next generation dynamic optical networks. It develops and demonstrates a novel architecture for new data communication services, within the OGSA context, that allows for managing extremely large sets of distributed data. Novel features move network services beyond notions of the network as a managed resource, for example, by including capabilities for dynamic on-demand provisioning and advance scheduling. DWDM-RAM encapsulates optical network resources (Lambdas, lightpaths) into a Grid service and integrates their management within the Open Grid Service Architecture. Migration to emerging standards such as WS-Resource Framework (WS-RF) should be straightforward. In initial applications, DWDM-RAM targets specific data-intensive services such as rapid, massive data transfers used by large scale eScience applications, including: high-energy physics, geophysics, life science, bioinformatics, genomics, medical morphometry, tomography, microscopy imaging, astronomical and astrophysical imaging, complex modeling, and visualization.
Law, YY, Lu, DDC, Liu, JCP, Poon, NK & Pong, MH 1970, 'Loss analysis of a single phase fast transient VRM converter', Conference Proceedings - IPEMC 2004: 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC 2004), XIAN JIAOTUNG UNIV PRESS, Xian Jiaotong Univ, Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1161-1165.
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This paper analyzes the losses of a stepping inductor converter in the presence of load transients. Stepping inductor converter is a buck VRM topology which only employs a single phase. Stepping inductor converter is very effective in dealing with fast transient and at the same time it can give better steady state efficiency. Occurrences of transient load current changes are measured in a PC and data are used for the comparison to evaluate the real world performance of the stepping inductor converter and the multiphase interleaved buck converter.
Le, T, Hoang, DB & Simmonds, AJ 1970, 'An Efficient Scheme for Locating Nodes in the Internet Geo-LPM: Geographic Longest Prefix Matching', Proceedings of the Australian Telecommunications Networks and Applications Conference 2004, Australian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference, ATNAC, Bondi, Australia, pp. 289-296.
Leaney, J, Denford, M, O'Neill, T & society, IC 1970, 'Enabling optimisation in the design of complex computer based systems', 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON THE ENGINEERING OF COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE, Brno, Czech Republic, pp. 69-74.
Lee, S, Leaney, JR, O'Neill, T & Hunter, M 1970, 'Measuring the Effect of Cross-Traffic on Execution Time in a Parallel and Distributed Network Simulator', Proceedings of the Australian Telecommunication Networks and Application Conference 2004, Australian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference, ATNAC 2004, Sydney, Australia, pp. 232-235.
Leigh, EE 1970, 'Making learning a game', Proceedings of International Conference on the 'new methods in governmental management', Public Administration: New Technologies, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, pp. 184-196.
Leigh, EE & Spindler, LF 1970, 'Researching Congruency in Facilitation Styles', Bridging the Gap: Transforming Knowledge into Action through Gaming and Simulation, Conference for the International Simulation and Gaming Association, SAGSAGA, Munich, Germany, pp. 309-317.
Li, J & Ramamohanarao, K 1970, 'A Tree-Based Approach to the Discovery of Diagnostic Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer', ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY AND DATA MINING, PROCEEDINGS, 8th Pacific/Asia Conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 682-691.
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Li, J, Tu, ZY & Blum, RS 1970, 'Slepian-Wolf coding for nonuniform sources using turbo codes', DCC 2004: DATA COMPRESSION CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, Data Compression Conference (DCC 2004), IEEE COMPUTER SOC, Snowbird, UT, pp. 312-321.
Li, M & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Resource discovery and fair intelligent admission control over differentiated services networks for variable-length packets', 2004 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE 10TH ASIA-PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS AND THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS, Asia Pacific Conference on Communications, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, Beijing, China, pp. 499-503.
Li, M, Hoang, DB & ieee 1970, 'Edge-aware resource discovery and fair intelligent admission control scheme over multi-domain differentiated services networks', 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-7, IEEE International Conference on Communications, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, Paris, France, pp. 2065-2070.
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Lim, CC, Gowripalan, N & Sirivivatnanon, V 1970, 'Microcracking and chloride lon diffusion of concrete under sustained uniaxial compression', American Concrete Institute, ACI Special Publication, pp. 893-910.
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The rate of chloride ingress in concrete not only depends on the intrinsic properties of concrete but also on the magnitude of applied stresses and the nature of microcrack propagation under these stresses. Limited information is available on the influence of these factors on the chloride ion penetration into concrete. The significance of applied stresses and the corresponding microcracking behaviour on the transport properties of concrete could provide useful information on the service life prediction of the concrete structure. To date, studies on the chloride ion transport into concrete are primarily based on concrete specimens that are not subjected to any stresses, particularly under sustained uniaxial compression. In the present study, the characteristics of microcracking and chloride diffusion into Grade 20 and 40 concretes are being investigated jointly by UNSW and CSIRO. The concrete specimens were loaded uniaxially in compression and sustained for a maximum duration of 18 months. Chloride ion penetration and microcrack evaluation of these specimens were monitored periodically. This paper presents some early results on the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient obtained from Grade 20 and 40 concrete specimens that have been subjected simultaneously to sustained compressive stresses and 3% NaCI solution immersion for 90 days. Three levels of sustained compressive stresses at 20%, 35% and 50% of the ultimate strength were investigated. In addition, microcrack evaluation of the companion specimens (subjected to the same stress levels for 90 days) was also carried out. Microscopy technique was used to determine the bond crack length in the concrete after the 90-day sustained period. At 35% sustained stress level, microcracks appear to be stable. However, the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient (03 ) was found to decrease when compared with the unloaded control specimen. At 50% sustained stress level, a further reduction in 03 was observed even ...
Lim, SH, Furukawa, T, Dissanayake, G, Durrant-Whyte, HF & IEEE 1970, 'A time-optimal control strategy for pursuit-evasion games problems', 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1- 5, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference on Robots and Automation, IEEE, New Orleans, USA, pp. 3962-3967.
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This paper presents a control strategy for the pursuer in the pursuit-evasion game problem when the evader behaves intelligently. The pursuer in the proposed technique does not try to react to the evader's behavior instantaneously. The proposed technique therefore does not yield instantaneous optimality but capture the evader in a time-efficient and robust fashion even when the evader is intelligent. The proposed technique was applied to two numerical examples and the results were compared to those by the conventional motion tracking algorithms. The results and comparison show that the proposed technique could capture the evader faster than the conventional motion tracking algorithms in both the examples.
Lin, CT, Yeh, CM & Hsu, CF 1970, 'Fuzzy neural network classification design using support vector machine', 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL 5, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE, Vancouver, CANADA, pp. 724-727.
Lin, L, Cao, L, Wang, J & Zhang, C 1970, 'The applications of genetic algorithms in stock market data mining optimisation', Management Information Systems, Conference on Data Mining, Text Mining and Their Business Application, Wessex Institute of Technology Press, Malaga, Spain, pp. 273-280.
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In the stock market, a technical trading rule is a popular tool for analysts and users to carry out their research and decide to buy or sell their shares. The key issue for the success of a trading rule is the selection of values for all parameters and their combinations. However, the range of parameters can vary in a large domain, so it is difficult for users to find the best parameter combination. In this paper, we present the Genetic Algorithm (GA) to overcome the problem in two steps: first, setting a sub-domain of the parameters with GA; second, finding a near optimal value in the sub domain with GA in a very reasonable time.
Ling, SH, Leung, FHF, Lam, HK & IEEE 1970, 'Genetic Algorithm Based Variable-Structure Neural Network and its Industrial Application', IECON 2004: 30TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, VOL 2, 30th Annual Conference of the IEEE-Industrial-Electronics-Society (IECON), IEEE, Busan, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 1273-1278.
Ling-Yu Duan, Min Xu, Qi Tian & Chang-Sheng Xu 1970, 'Mean shift based video segment representation and applications to replay detection', 2004 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE.
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Effective and efficient representation of the low-level features of groups of frames or shots is an important yet challenging task for video analysis and retrieval. Key frame-based representation is limited by the difficulties in shot boundary detection of gradual transition and a variety of ways in key frame extraction. In this paper, we employ the mean shift-based mode seeking function to develop a new approach for compact representation of the video segment. The proposed video representation is motivated by recognizing that, on the global level, humans perceive images only as a combination of few most prominent colors. We exploit the spatiotemporal mode seeking in feature space to simulate "subjectivity" of human decisions to video segment retrieval and identification. The effectiveness of video representation and matching scheme is shown by initial experiments on replay detection in broadcast sports video.
Lipman, J, Boustead, P & Chicharo, J 1970, 'Reliable optimised flooding in ad hoc networks', Proceedings of the IEEE 6th Circuits and Systems Symposium on Emerging Technologies: Frontiers of Mobile and Wireless Communication (IEEE Cat. No.04EX710), Proceedings of the IEEE 6th Circuits and Systems Symposium on Emerging Technologies: Frontiers of Mobile and Wireless Communication, IEEE, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 521-524.
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Lister, R 1970, 'A clandestine religious meeting', ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), pp. 16-17.
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A few years ago, I attended a conference in Madison, Wisconsin. Getting there was a thirteen-hour flight from Sydney to Los Angeles, a connecting flight to Chicago, and then a third flight to Madison. At the conference, I met three fellow Australians who work at a university about one hour's drive away from mine. I had not met those Australians before. It seemed silly to have traveled half-way round the world to meet people with a common interest, when they live a short drive away.
Lister, R 1970, 'A clandestine religious meeting', Working group reports from ITiCSE on Innovation and technology in computer science education, ITiCSE04: Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ACM, pp. 16-17.
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A few years ago, I attended a conference in Madison, Wisconsin. Getting there was a thirteen-hour flight from Sydney to Los Angeles, a connecting flight to Chicago, and then a third flight to Madison. At the conference, I met three fellow Australians who work at a university about one hour's drive away from mine. I had not met those Australians before. It seemed silly to have traveled half-way round the world to meet people with a common interest, when they live a short drive away.
Lister, R, Adams, ES, Fitzgerald, S, Fone, W, Hamer, J, Lindholm, M, McCartney, R, Moström, JE, Sanders, K, Seppälä, O, Simon, B & Thomas, L 1970, 'A multi-national study of reading and tracing skills in novice programmers', Working group reports from ITiCSE on Innovation and technology in computer science education, ITiCSE04: Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ACM, pp. 119-150.
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A study by a ITiCSE 2001 working group ("the McCracken Group") established that many students do not know how to program at the conclusion of their introductory courses. A popular explanation for this incapacity is that the students lack the ability to problem-solve. That is, they lack the ability to take a problem description, decompose it into sub-problems and implement them, then assemble the pieces into a complete solution. An alternative explanation is that many students have a fragile grasp of both basic programming principles and the ability to systematically carry out routine programming tasks, such as tracing (or "desk checking") through code. This ITiCSE 2004 working group studied the alternative explanation, by testing students from seven countries, in two ways. First, students were tested on their ability to predict the outcome of executing a short piece of code. Second, students were tested on their ability, when given the desired function of short piece of near-complete code, to select the correct completion of the code from a small set of possibilities. Many students were weak at these tasks, especially the latter task, suggesting that such students have a fragile grasp of skills that are a prerequisite for problem-solving.
Lister, R, Box, I, Morrison, B, Tenenberg, J & Westbrook, DS 1970, 'The dimensions of variation in the teaching of data structures', ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), pp. 92-96.
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The current debate about the teaching of data structures is hampered because, as a community, we usually debate specifics about data structure implementations and libraries, when the real level of disagreement remains implicit -- the intent behind our teaching. This paper presents a phenomenographic study of the intent of CS educators for teaching data structures in CS2. Based on interviews with Computer Science educators and analysis of CS literature, we identified five categories of intent: developing transferable thinking, improving students' programming skills, knowing 'what's under the hood', knowledge of software libraries, and component thinking. The CS community needs to first debate at the level of these categories before moving to more specific issues. This study also serves as an example of how phenomenographic analysis can be used to inform debate on syllabus design in general.
Lister, R, Box, I, Morrison, B, Tenenberg, J & Westbrook, DS 1970, 'The dimensions of variation in the teaching of data structures', Proceedings of the 9th annual SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education, ITiCSE04: Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ACM, Leeds, UK, pp. 92-96.
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The current debate about the teaching of data structures is hampered because, as a community, we usually debate specifics about data structure implementations and libraries, when the real level of disagreement remains implicit - the intent behind our teaching. This paper presents a phenomenographic study of the intent of CS educators for teaching data structures in CS2. Based on interviews with Computer Science educators and analysis of CS literature, we identified five categories of intent: developing transferable thinking, improving students' programming skills, knowing 'what's under the hood', knowledge of software libraries, and component thinking. The CS community needs to first debate at the level of these categories before moving to more specific issues. This study also serves as an example of how phenomenographic analysis can be used to inform debate on syllabus design in general.
Lister, RF 1970, 'Teaching Java First: Experiments with Pigs-Early Pedagogy', Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society Inc, Dunedin, New Zealand, pp. 177-183.
Liu, H, Li, J & Wong, L 1970, 'Selection of patient samples and genes for outcome prediction', Proceedings - 2004 IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference, CSB 2004, pp. 382-392.
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Gene expression profiles with clinical outcome data enable monitoring of disease progression and prediction of patient survival at the molecular level. We present a new computational method for outcome prediction. Our idea is to use an informative subset of original training samples. This subset consists of only short-term survivors who died within a short period and long-term survivors who were still alive after a long follow-up time. These extreme training samples yield a clear platform to identify genes whose expression is related to survival. To find relevant genes, we combine two feature selection methods - entropy measure and Wilcoxon rank sum test - so that a set of sharp discriminating features are identified. The selected training samples and genes are then integrated by a support vector machine to build a prediction model, by which each validation sample is assigned a survival/relapse risk score for drawing Kaplan-Meier survival curves. We apply this method to two data sets: diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and primary lung adenocarcinoma. In both cases, patients in high and low risk groups stratified by our risk scores are clearly distinguishable. We also compare our risk scores to some clinical factors, such as International Prognostic Index score for DLBCL analysis and tumor stage information for lung adenocarcinoma. Our results indicate that gene expression profiles combined with carefully chosen learning algorithms can predict patient survival for certain diseases.
Liu, XY & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Experimental Analysis of the Modified Direction Feature for Cursive Character Recognition', Ninth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, Ninth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, IEEE, pp. 353-358.
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This paper describes and analyzes the performance of a structural feature extraction technique for the recognition of segmented/cursive characters that may be used in the context of a segmentation-based, handwritten word recognition system. The Modified Direction Feature (MDF) extraction technique builds upon a previous technique proposed by the authors that extracts direction information from the structure of character contours. This principle is extended so that the direction information is integrated with a technique for detecting transitions between background and foreground pixels in the character image. The MDF technique used in conjunction with neural network classifiers provide recognition rates of up to 90.24%, which are amongst the highest in the literature. This paper also presents a detailed analysis of the characters that were the source of misclassification in the character recognition process. The characters used for experimentation were obtained from the CEDAR benchmark database. © 2004 IEEE.
Longbing Cao, Jiaqi Wang, Li Lin & Chengqi Zhang 1970, 'Agent services-based infrastructure for online assessment of trading strategies', Proceedings. IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology, 2004. (IAT 2004)., Proceedings. IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology, 2004. (IAT 2004)., IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 345-348.
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Traders and researchers in stock marketing often hold some private trading strategies. Evaluation and optimization of their strategies is a great benefit to them before they take any risk in realistic trading. We build an agent services-driven infrastructure: F-TRADE. It supports online plug in, iterative back-test, and recommendation of trading strategies. We propose agent services-driven approach for building the above automated enterprise infrastructure. Description, directory and mediation of agent services are discussed. System structure of the agent services-based F-TRADE is also discussed. F-TRADE has been an online test platform for research and application of multi-agent technology, and data mining in stock markets
Lu, DDC, Cheng, DKW & Lee, YS 1970, 'Storage capacitor voltage control of single-stage AC-DC PFC converter', 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37551), 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, IEEE, Aachen, GERMANY, pp. 3794-3797.
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Lu, H & Zhang, G 1970, 'A New Parallel Search Algorithm for Non-Linear Function Operation', Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Macquarie Scientific Publishing, Harbin, China, pp. 338-343.
Lu, HY & Zhang, G 1970, 'A new parallel search algorithm for non-linear function optimization', Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA 2004), pp. 109-114.
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This paper proposes a new parallel search algorithm using evolutionary programming and quasi-simplex technique (EPQS). EPQS produces the offspring from three ways in parallel: 1) Using the Gaussian mutation, 2) Using the Cauchy mutation, and 3) Using the quasi-simplex techniques. The quasi-simplex technique uses the ideal of classical simplex technique and produces four prospective individuals by using the reflection, expansion and compression operations. EPQS selects the parents for the next generation from all the parents and offspring. EPQS takes the diversity of offerings into consideration by generating the offspring from as many as possible ways while it maintains a substantial convergence rate. Experimental studies on six typical benchmark functions have shown that the proposed algorithm is more effective than the competing algorithms.
Lu, J 1970, 'A personalized e-learning material recommender system', Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA 2004), pp. 23-28.
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E-learning environments are mainly based on a range of delivery and interactive services. Web-based personalized learning recommender systems can, as a kind of services in e-learning environment, provide learning recommendations to students. This research proposes a framework of a personalized learning recommender system, which aims to help students find learning materials they would need to read. Two related technologies are developed under the framework: one is a multi-attribute evaluation method to justify a student's need, and another is a fuzzy matching method to find suitable learning materials to best meet each student need. The implementation of this proposed personalized learning recommender system can support students online learning more effectively and assist large class online teaching with multi-background students.
Lu, J 1970, 'A Personalized e-Learning material Recommender System', Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Macquarie Scientific Publishing, Harbin, China, pp. 374-379.
Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'Uncertain Information Processing Framework for Situation Awareness and Emergency Decision-Making', Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Information, International Conference on Information, International Information Institute, Tokoyo,Japan, pp. 265-268.
Lu, U, Hu, BCP, Lin, CT, Wu, CY & Yang, YS 1970, 'A novel CMOS base handheld device for biological luminescence quantification', 2004 IEEE International Workshop on Biomedical Circuits and Systems.
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In this report, a handheld luminescence system based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) was constructed. The system composed of two major parts - a CMOS photodiodes array integrated chip (IC) and a 8051 microprocessor based voltage monitor. The handheld device showed great performance to quantify the biological luminescence, either in Horse-radish-peroxidase (HRP)/luminol/H2O2 reaction system or in HRP/Glucose oxidase (GOD)/glucose couple enzyme reaction system; and also showed great capacity for personalized healthcare device. ©2004 IEEE.
Mahadevan, V & Chaczko, ZC 1970, 'Telecollaboration - A Case Study For Performance Analysis of Voip Systems', Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference WWW/Internet 2004 Volume II, IADIS International Conference, IADIS Press International Association for Development of the Information Society, Madrid, Spain, pp. 1218-1223.
Mahadevan, V, Braun, R & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'An advanced QoS index framework for a next generation Internet application', 8TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL III, PROCEEDINGS, 8th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS, Orlando, FL, pp. 436-441.
Mahadevan, V, Braun, R & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'The influence of workload characterization in the performance analysis of tele-collaboration environments', Information Technology Based Proceedings of the FIfth International Conference onHigher Education and Training, 2004. ITHET 2004., Information Technology Based Proceedings of the FIfth International Conference onHigher Education and Training, 2004. ITHET 2004., IEEE, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 289-294.
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The Telecollaboration (TC) business system, an important class of emerging applications that is spawning new challenges In achieving the desired levels of performance. One important implication in identifying and characterizing the properties of TC system implementations is that performance evaluation should no longer be isolated and viewed as a separate analytic activity. Instead, we require a physical and logical understanding of the complex quality issues that affect overall performance of applications, systems and network infrastructures. As one of the natural artifacts of this practice, a workload model will be developed to characterize a TC system. We demonstrate how such an analysis may result in characterization of workload behavior, and that in turn will lead to definition of efficient analytical model parameters, network invariants and use of relevant quality metrics. The study of underlying issues of Telecollaboration Quality of Service (TQoS) within the context of TC could have positive impacts on performance analysis and traffic control, if the analytical modeling used remains consistent and effective in describing the Web-based environments. ©2004 IEEE.
Mahadevan, V, Braun, RM & Chaczko, ZC 1970, 'A Holistic Approach of Knowledge Management Initiative for a Telecollaboration Business System', Proceedings of International Business Research Conference Melbourne 2004, Internationa Business Research Conference, World Business Institute, Melbourne, Australia, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 16-16.
Mahadevan, V, Braun, RM & Chaczko, ZC 1970, 'An Advanced QoS Index Framework for a Next Generation Internet Application', The 8th World Multi-Conference on Systemics,Cybernetics and Informatics, World Multi-Conference on Systematics, Cybernetics and Informatics, SCI 2004, Orlando, Florida, USA, pp. 1-6.
Mahadevan, V, Braun, RM & Chaczko, ZC 1970, 'Mastering The Mystery Through 'Saiq' Metrics of User Experience in Telecollaboration', Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference WWW/Internet 2004 Volume II, IADIS International Conference, IADIS Press Intrnational Association for Development of the Information Society, Madrid, Spain, pp. 1029-1034.
Mahadevan, V, Braun, RM, Kulasuriya, S & Chaczko, ZC 1970, 'The Crisis of SLM and SLA development in the Technology Enhanced Telecollaboration Environments', Proceedings of International Business Research Conference Melbourne 2004, International Business Research Conference Melbourne 2004, World Business Institute, Melbourne, Australia, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 10-10.
Mahadevan, V, Chaczko, ZC & Braun, RM 1970, 'The Telecollaboration Spin as a Concurrent Paradigm Shift in Business Practices', Proceedings of International Business Research Conference Melbourne 2004, International Business Research Conference, World Business Institute, Melbourne, Australia, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 15-15.
Mathieson, L, King, T & Brankovic, L 1970, '2-Compromise: usability in 1-dimensional statistical database', Fifteenth Australasian Workshop on Combinatorial Algorithms, pp. 5-15.
Mathieson, L, Prieto, E & Shaw, P 1970, 'Packing Edge Disjoint Triangles: A Parameterized View', PARAMETERIZED AND EXACT COMPUTATION, PROCEEDINGS, 1st International Conference on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IWPEC 2004), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Bergen, NORWAY, pp. 127-137.
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McBride, T, Henderson-Sellers, B, Zowghi, D & society, IC 1970, 'Project management capability levels: An empirical study', 11TH ASIA-PACIFIC SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, IEEE, Busan,Korea, pp. 56-63.
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McBride, TM, Henderson-Sellers, B & Zowghi, D 1970, 'Monitoring and controlling software development projects', Proceedings of the European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (EMCIS 2004), European, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems, EMCIS, Tunis,Tunisia, pp. 0-0.
McGloin, D, Carruthers, AE, Dholakia, K & Wright, EM 1970, 'Optically bound arrays of microscopic particles in one dimension', SPIE Proceedings, Optical Science and Technology, the SPIE 49th Annual Meeting, SPIE, Denver, CO, pp. 318-318.
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McGloin, D, Garces-Chavez, V & Dholakia, K 1970, 'Micromanipulation with Bessel beams: studies of angular momentum and reconstruction', SPIE Proceedings, Optical Science and Technology, the SPIE 49th Annual Meeting, SPIE, Denver, CO, pp. 331-331.
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Meier, C, Nguyen, TV, Center, JR, Seibel, J & Eisman, JA 1970, 'Bone resorption and osteoporotic fractures in elderly men: The Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study.', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research, AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES, Seattle, WA, pp. S88-S88.
Meier, C, Nguyen, TV, Center, JR, Seibel, MJ & Eisman, JA 1970, 'BONE RESORPTION RATE IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES IN ELDERLY MEN. THE DUBBO STUDY', CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL, SPRINGER, pp. S65-S65.
Milne, G, McGloin, D, Tatarkova, SA, Sibbett, W & Dholakia, K 1970, 'Rectifying transport of a mixture of Brownian particles on an asymmetric periodic optical potential', SPIE Proceedings, Biomedical Optics 2004, SPIE, San Jose, CA, pp. 112-112.
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Mitchell, RA, Nguyen, HT, Thornton, BS, Hung, WT, Lee, W, Rickard, M & ieee 1970, 'Mammogram object detection using dendronic image analysis', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 26TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-7, Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, San Francisco, USA, pp. 1763-1765.
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Breast cancer can be treated with better patient outcomes and significantly lower costs if detected early. Using the spatial dendronic structure, image masks can be obtained, showing regions in the mammogram image corresponding to the breast and lead marker. The technique is robust to noise and placement of the breast within the image. The technique not only reduces the size of the region to be analysed, but also provides the dendronic structure of the breast in which stealth-like masses can be found more easily.
Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Foreword: Special section on papers selected from 2003 international technical conference on circuits/systems, computers and communications (ITC-CSCC 2003)', IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, p. 1289.
Nazem, M & Sheng, D 1970, 'Alternative solution methods for large deformations in geomechanics', Numerical Models in Geomechanics - 9th Proceedings of the International Symposium on Numerical Models in Geomechanics, NUMOG 2004, pp. 265-272.
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Three different methods for handling large-deformation problems are discussed and compared in this study. These methods include theTotal-Lagrangian (TL), the Updated-Lagrangian (UL) and the Arbitrary- Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) methods. Due to different formulations of the local stress–strain relation, the UL method is further complicated with three different implementations. The ALE method presented in this paper is based on operator-split technique where the analysis is carried out in two steps; an UL step followed by an Eulerian step. In the first step, one of the UL procedures is performed to achieve the equilibrium. In the second step, the mesh is redefined and all kinematic and static variables are transferred to the new mesh using the convective velocity. This paper also introduces a new method for mesh refinement in the ALE method. Using the known displacements at domain boundaries and material interfaces as prescribed displacements, the problem is re-analysed by assuming linear elasticity and the deformed mesh resulting from such a analysis is then used the new mesh in the second step of the ALE method. It is shown that this repeated elastic analysis is actually more efficient than mesh generation and it can be used for general cases regardless of problem dimension and problem topology. Their relative performance of the TL, UL and ALE methods is investigated through the analyses of some classic geotechnical problems.
Nelson, AE, Seibel, MJ, Howe, CJ, Nguyen, TV, de Winter, J, Leung, K, Trout, CJ, Baxter, RC, Handelsman, DJ, Irie, M, Kazlauskas, R & Ho, KK 1970, 'Variation of bone and connective tissue turnover markers with age, gender, BMI and ethnicity in elite athletes.', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research, AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES, Seattle, WA, pp. S374-S374.
Nguyen, A, Ha, QP, Huang, S & Trinh, HM 1970, 'Observer-Based Decentralized Approach to Robotic Formation Control', Conference Proceedings, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation (ACRA 2004), Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ARAA Australian Robotics & Automation Association, Canberra, Australia, pp. 1-8.
Nguyen, C, Hoang, DB, Zhao, IL & Lavian, T 1970, 'Implementation of a quality of service feedback control loop on programmable routers', 2004 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference on Networks, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 578-582.
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Current Diffserv architecture lacks mechanisms for network path discovery with specific service performance. Our aim is to introduce an enhanced-Diffserv scheme utilizing a feedback loop to gather path information and allow better flexibility in managing Diffserv flows. We utilize state-of-the-art programmable routers that can host the control loop operation without compromising their normal routing and switching functionalities. Furthermore, the control feedback loop implemented on the control plane of the router can selectively alter the behaviour of a specific data flow in real-time.
Nguyen, HT, Ghevondian, N & Colagiuri, S 1970, 'Detection of Hypoglycaemia Using Physiological Parameters and A Neural Network Classifer', Proceedings of the ADS and ADEA Annual Scientific Meeting 2004, ADS and ADEA Annual Scientific Meeting 2004, Australian Diabetes Society and Australian Diabetes Educators Association, Sydney, Australia, pp. 368-368.
Nguyen, HT, Ghevondian, N & Colag-Iuri, S 1970, 'Early detection of hypoglycemia using physiological parameters', DIABETES, 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Diabetes-Association, AMER DIABETES ASSOC, Orlando, FL, pp. A463-A463.
Nguyen, ND, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 1970, 'Effects of bisphosphonates on hip fracture risk reduction: A bayesian analysis of clinical trials.', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research, AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES, Seattle, WA, pp. S94-S94.
Nguyen, ND, Pongchaiyakul, C, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 1970, 'Prediction of hip fracture in the elderly by fall-related factors', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research, AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES, Seattle, WA, pp. S48-S48.
Nguyen, S, Nguyen, H & Taylor, P 1970, 'Hands-free control of power wheelchairs using Bayesian neural network classification', IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems, 2004., IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems, 2004., IEEE, Singapore, pp. 746-750.
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This paper describes the formulation and implementation of Bayesian neural networks for head-movement classification in a hands-free wheelchair navigation system. Bayesian neural network training adjusts the weight decay parameters automatically to their near-optimal values that give the best generalisation. Moreover, no separate validation set is used so all available data can be used for training. Experimental results are presented showing that Bayesian neural network can classify the head movement accurately.
Nguyen, S, Nguyen, H, Taylor, P & ieee 1970, 'Hands-free control of power wheelchairs using Bayesian neural network classification', 2004 IEEE CONFERENCE ON CYBERNETICS AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2, IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems, IEEE, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 746-750.
Nguyen, TV, Nguyen, NQ, Center, JR & Eisman, JA 1970, 'Long-term bone loss in men and women: Effects of quadriceps strength and body weight.', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research, AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES, Seattle, WA, pp. S233-S233.
Nguyen, TVM, Nguyen, HT, Ha, QP & IEEE 1970, 'Sliding mode neural controller for nonlinear systems with higher-order and uncertainties', 2004 IEEE CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS, AUTOMATION AND MECHATRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, IEEE Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 1026-1031.
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In this paper, we propose a new neural controller architecture which is derived from adaptive sliding mode control framework for SISO nonlinear system with higher-order and uncertainties. This neural controller can overcome some disadvantages inherent in sliding mode controllers such as chattering problem, complex calculation of the equivalent control term and unavailable knowledge of the upper bounds of system uncertainties. Experimental results for a Coupled Drives CE8 system show that a real-time neural controller has been implemented successfully.
Nguyen, V, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, H, Pokhrel, D & Viraraghavan, T 1970, 'Arsenic Removal by Iron Coated Sponge in Drinking Water Treatment', The 2nd International Symposium on Southeast Asian Water Environment, The Second International Symposium on Southeast Asian Water Environment, The University of Tokyo, Hanoi, Vietnam, pp. 214-221.
Niazi, M, Wilson, D & Zowghi, D 1970, 'Critical barriers for software process improvement implementation: An empirical study', Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Software Engineering, IASTED Software Engineering Conference, ACTA Press, Innsbruck, Austria, pp. 389-395.
Niazi, M, Wilson, D, Zowghi, D & Wong, B 1970, 'A model for the implementation of software process improvement: An empirical study', PRODUCT FOCUSED SOFTWARE PROCESS IMPROVEMENT, Product Focused Software Process Improvement, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Nara, Japan, pp. 1-16.
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Advances have been made in the development of software process improvement (SPI) standards and models, i.e. Capability Maturity Model (CMM), more recently CMMI, and ISOrsquos SPICE. However, these advances have not been matched by equal advances in the adoption of these standards and models in software development which has resulted in limited success for many SPI efforts. The current problem with SPI is not a lack of a standard or model, but rather a lack of an effective strategy to successfully implement these standards or models. In the literature, much attention has been paid to ldquowhat activities to implementrdquo rather than ldquohow to implementrdquo these activities. We believe that identification of only ldquowhat activities to implementrdquo is not sufficient and that knowledge of ldquohow to implementrdquo is also required for successful implementation of SPI programmes. The aim of this research paper is to empirically explore the viewpoints and experiences of practitioners regarding SPI implementation and based on the findings to develop a model in order to guide practitioners in effectively implementing SPI programmes. This SPI implementation model has six phases and provides a very practical structure within which to implement SPI programmes in organizations.
Nurmuliani, N, Zowghi, D & Fowell, S 1970, 'Analysis of requirements volatility during software development life cycle', 2004 AUSTRALIAN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, Australian Software Engineering Conference, IEEE Computer Society, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 28-37.
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Nurmuliani, N, Zowghi, D, Williams, SP & society, IC 1970, 'Using card sorting technique to classify requirements change', 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference, IEEE Computer Society, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 240-248.
Oppermann, I 1970, 'General Chair's Welcome', Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications - Programme and Book of Abstracts (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8738), Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications - Programme and Book of Abstracts, IEEE, pp. xiv-xiv.
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Oppermann, I 1970, 'The Role of UWB in 4G', Wireless Personal Communications, Strategic Workshop on Adaptive Global Net, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Helsingor, DENMARK, pp. 121-133.
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Oppermann, I, Karlsson, A & Linderback, H 1970, 'Novel phase based, cross-correlation position estimation technique', Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications - Programme and Book of Abstracts (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8738), Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications - Programme and Book of Abstracts, IEEE, pp. 340-346.
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This paper presents a novel delay estimation technique used in a positioning and location system. The delay estimation approach uses a novel spread technique which relies on phase detection of cross-correlation functions. The system uses a transmitted signal which is based on the very common IEEE 802.11b preamble. Results are presented for a positioning system which utilises the delay estimation technique. © 2004 IEEE.
Pan, W & Hawryszkiewycz, I 1970, 'To develop constructivist learning environments on the web with the help of software agent technology', Proceedings of the Seventh IASTED International Conference on Computers and Advanced Technology in Education, IASTED International Conference on Computers and Advanced Technology in Education, ACTA Press, Kauai, USA, pp. 236-241.
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There has been a widespread increase to conduct teaching and learning over the Internet. However, many instruction sites just provide teaching materials on the Internet to support traditional face-to-face methods. Learners then passively retrieve information from the Web pages. They are not engaged in actively constructing meaningful understandings of the topics being studied by using constructivist learning methods. This paper proposes that software agents be used to develop constructivist learning environments (CLEs) on the Web, to assist learners to construct new knowledge. The constructivist theory of learning is first reviewed and the characteristics of the CLEs are then outlined. The paper then suggests a process constructed out of constructivist learning methods over the Internet. Ways of using software agent technology to assist learners in constructivist learning are then investigated, along with the relevant implementation approaches. Finally future work in this area is presented.
Pan, W & Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Software Agents for facilitating collaboration among students in e-learning', Proceedings of ED-MEDIA 2004, Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications, AACE, Lugano, Switzerland, pp. 761-768.
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Computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL) is one promising technological means to support e-learning over the Internet. However, current CSCL systems work mostly in a passive fashion and do not attempt to take active control of the collaboration. In such systems, it is the responsibility of the participating students to organize and accomplish all the activities of collaborative learning (CL). Students get little assistance from the system during the CL, e.g. the composition of a CL group, the partition of a learning task, the combination of learning outcomes, etc. This paper seeks to actively help and guide students in the CL by software agents. The CSCL over the Internet is first investigated where some challenges for the students while they are taking part in the CL are highlighted. Based on the investigation, a multi-agent architecture to facilitate the CL is proposed. Then, the implementation in one particular CSCL system, LiveNet, is presented and the supports of the agents for the CL are explored. At the final are the conclusions of the paper and some outlooks.
Patwardhan, V, Nguyen, H, Zhang, L, Kelkar, N & Nguyen, L 1970, 'Constrained collapse solder joint formation for wafer-level-chip-scale packages to achieve reliability improvement', Proceedings - Electronic Components and Technology Conference, pp. 1479-1485.
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Wafer-Level-Chip-Scale-Packages (WLCSP) are rapidly proving to be the package of choice for portable electronics applications. National Semiconductor's micro SMD package family has been a front-runner in the development of this package type. These packages have a proven reliability in the lower pin-count range (up to 36 I/O) when used in conjunction with standard surface mount assembly (SMT). However, extending this technology to higher pin-counts is a significant challenge. Since the preferred assembly method is to not employ an additional underfill step after reflow soldering, the options available to enhance the package reliability are limited. Several options including a pre-applied epoxy layer that will flow and form the underfill layer during solder reflow are under investigation as a potential solution. This approach has constraints in terms of compatibility with flux type used and the reflow profile used. Another approach involves creating a non-reflow-able underfill layer. This is the approach described in this paper, and it has proven to work with all commercial assembly processes and to all extents and purposes is transparent to the surface mount assembly method used. This approach is based on the creation of an epoxy layer in either a film or paste layer form that acts as a layer surrounding and partially submerging the solder bumps. This layer achieves two results that directly impact the reliability of the WLCSP assembly. The primary advantage is the increase in solder joint height achieved, which improves the fatigue life when subjected to thermal excursions. The other major advantage is that with the solder bump being constrained from collapsing completely, the angle of wetting formed on the die side is increased, resulting in a more 'cylindrical' or barrel-shaped joint rather than a shape like a truncated sphere. Finite element modeling [1] has also borne out that a higher wetting angle results in higher reliability. There also appears ...
Perry, SW, Varjavandi, P & Ling Guan 1970, 'Adaptive image restoration using a perception based error measurement', Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2004 (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37513), Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2004, IEEE, pp. 1585-1588.
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This paper deals with image restoration; we have developed a novel, perceptually inspired image restoration method which takes human perception knowledge into consideration to reverse the effects of blur. Instead of using a conventional greyscale based error measurement such as the MSE, we compare local statistical information about regions in two images using a new error measure. The new method provides a better appraisal of image quality in terms of human vision. We extended the popular constrained least square error cost function by incorporating this novel image error measure. Using the well known Karush-Kuhn-Tucker theorem, we have mathematically verified that there exists an optimal solution to this non-linear constrained optimization problem in terms of the Hopfield neural network [5]. We will show that the new restoration algorithm visually restores images as well as the previously presented LVMSE-based algorithm [2].
Petrakieva, L & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Selective Sampling for Combined Learning from Labelled and Unlabelled Data', APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE IN SOFT COMPUTING, 4th International Conference on Recent Advances in Soft Computing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, NOTTINGHAM TRENT UNIV, NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND, pp. 139-146.
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Pham, TD, Crane, DI, Tannock, D & Bock, D 1970, 'Kullback-Leibler dissimilarity of Markov models for phylogenetic tree reconstruction', Proceedings of 2004 International Symposium on Intelligent Multimedia, Video and Speech Processing, 2004., 2004 International Symposium on Intelligent Multimedia, Video and Speech Processing, 2004., IEEE, pp. 157-160.
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In this paper, we introduce the Kullback-Leibler dissimilarity measure of Markov-chain models for unaligned DNA sequences with application to the phylogenetic tree reconstruction of complete mammalian mitochondrial genomes. The tree obtained by our approach is generally in agreement with those obtained from other methods. Our proposed method is computationally efficient and very easy for computer implementation.
Piccardi, M 1970, 'Background subtraction techniques: a review', 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37583), 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp. 3099-3104.
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Background subtraction is a widely used approach for detecting moving objects from static cameras. Many different methods have been proposed over the recent years and both the novice and the expert can be confused about their benefits and limitations. In order to overcome this problem, this paper provides a review of the main methods and an original categorisation based on speed, memory requirements and accuracy. Such a review can effectively guide the designer to select the most suitable method for a given application in a principled way. Methods reviewed include parametric and non-parametric background density estimates and spatial correlation approaches.
Piccardi, M & Jan, T 1970, 'Mean-shift background image modelling', 2004 International Conference on Image Processing, 2004. ICIP '04., 2004 International Conference on Image Processing, 2004. ICIP '04., IEEE, Singapore City, Singapore, pp. 3399-3402.
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Background modelling is widely used in computer vision for the detection of foreground objects in a frame sequence. The more accurate the background model, the more correct is the detection of the foreground objects. In this paper, we present an approach to background modelling based on a mean-shift procedure. The mean shift vector convergence properties enable the system to achieve reliable background modelling. In addition, histogram-based computation and the new concept of local basins of attraction allow us to meet the stringent real-time requirements of video processing. ©2004 IEEE.
Pongchaiyakul, C, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 1970, 'Asymptomatic vertebral deformity as major risk factor for subsequent fractures and mortality: A 14-year prospective study.', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research, AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES, Seattle, WA, pp. S30-S30.
Pongchaiyakul, C, Nguyen, TV, Eisman, JA & Rajatanavin, R 1970, 'Contribution of lean tissue mass to the urban-rural difference in bone mineral density.', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 26th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research, AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES, Seattle, WA, pp. S230-S230.
Poudel, GR & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Bioimpedance Spectrometer for Tissue Impedance Analysis', Engineering and Physical Sciences in Medicine 2004, Engineering and Physical Sciences in Medicine 2004, EPSM 2004 Conference Handbook, Geelong, Victoria, Australia, pp. 157-157.
Pradhan, S, Lawrence, E, Das, J & Newton, S 1970, 'Bluetooth potential in the m-enterprise: a feasibility study', International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing, 2004. Proceedings. ITCC 2004., International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing, 2004. Proceedings. ITCC 2004., IEEE, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 746-751 Vol.2.
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Premaratne, P & Burnett, I 1970, 'Role of wavelet transforms in image restoration', IEEE Region 10 Annual International Conference, Proceedings/TENCON.
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Image processing techniques including image restoration rely heavily on Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) for frequency domain representation for analysis of its frequency content. Even though Wavelet analysis has been around for more than a decade, much of its potential as tool to analyze time-frequency localization of signal has not been properly tapped. In blind iterative deconvolution where a degraded image is restored with minimum apriori information about the original image or the point spread function (PSF), it is almost impossible to evaluate whether a restoration is achieved or not without human observation. We propose a new approach using wavelet decomposition to assess an image being restored or not automatically. © 2004 IEEE.
Premaratne, P, Burnett, L & Liyanage, CD 1970, 'Blur retrieval via separation of zeros sheets from noisy blurred images', Proceedings of 2004 International Symposium on Intelligent Multimedia, Video and Speech Processing, 2004., 2004 International Symposium on Intelligent Multimedia, Video and Speech Processing, 2004., IEEE, Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 559-562.
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Prior, JC & Lister, R 1970, 'The backwash effect on SQL skills grading', ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education Conference, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Leeds,UK, pp. 32-36.
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This paper examines the effect of grading approaches for SQL query formulation on students' learning strategies. The way that students are graded in a subject has a significant impact on their learning approach, and it is crucial that graded tasks are carefully designed and implemented to inculcate a deep learning experience. An online examination system is described and evaluated.
Quang Vinh Nguyen, Mao Lin Huang & Hawryszkiewycz, I 1970, 'A new visualization approach for supporting knowledge management and collaboration in E-learning', Proceedings. Eighth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2004. IV 2004., Proceedings. Eighth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2004. IV 2004., IEEE, London, UK, pp. 693-700.
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Rabbachin, A & Oppermann, I 1970, 'Synchronization analysis for UWB systems with a low-complexity energy collection receiver', 2004 International Workshop on Ultra Wideband Systems Joint with Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies. Joint UWBST & IWUWBS 2004 (IEEE Cat. No.04EX812), 2004 International Workshop on Ultra Wideband Systems Joint with Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies. Joint UWBST & IWUWBS 2004, IEEE, Kyoto, JAPAN, pp. 288-292.
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Rankin, K & Ball, JE 1970, 'A Review of the Performance of Porous Pavers', Proceedings of the 2004 International Conference on Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD 2004), International Conference on Water Sensitive Urban Design, Engineers Australia, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 366-377.
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Urban stormwater runoff is a transport medium for many contaminants from anthropogenic sources. There are many alternative management strategies available to treat these contaminants. One of the technologies suggested for this purpose is the use of permeable pavements to minimise the quantity of surface runoff generated by impervious surfaces within an urban catchment. Reported herein are the results of a monitoring program undertaken to assess the effectiveness of permeable pavers for reducing the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff. It was found that the catchment where a Rocla Ecoloc paver was installed had the effective imperviousness reduced from 45% prior to reconstruction of the road surface with the permeable pavers to less than 5% after reconstruction of the road. At the same time, the quality of the surface runoff was found to be at the lower levels of runoff from road surfaces while no increase in stormwater contaminants within the groundwater system was monitored.
Revel, A & Huynh, P 1970, 'Characterising Roof Ventilators', Proceedings of the Fifteenth Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-4.
Rong, L & Burnett, I 1970, 'Dynamic multimedia adaptation and updating of media streams with MPEG-21', 2003 International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Applications. Proceedings of Technical Papers. (IEEE Cat. No.03TH8672), 2004 1st IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE, Las Vegas, NV, pp. 436-441.
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Rothberg, SJ & Halkon, BJ 1970, 'Laser vibrometry meets laser speckle', SPIE Proceedings, Sixth International Conference on Vibration Measurements by Laser Techniques: Advances and Applications, SPIE, Ancona, ITALY, pp. 280-280.
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This paper begins with a review of the fundamental mechanism by which speckle noise is generated in Laser Vibrometry before describing a new numerical simulation of speckle behaviour for prediction of noise level in a real measurement. The simulation data provides real insight into the phase and amplitude modulation of the Doppler signal as a result of speckle changes. The paper also includes experimental data looking at the influence of speckle noise in measurements on rotors with a selection of surface treatments and in scanning and tracking configurations.
Ruei-Cheng Wu, Chin-Teng Lin, Sheng-Fu Liang, Te-Yi Huang, Yu-Chieh Chen & Tzyy-Ping Jung 1970, 'Estimating driving performance based on EEG spectrum and fuzzy neural network', 2004 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37541), 2004 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, Budapest, HUNGARY, pp. 585-590.
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Ruei-Cheng Wu, Chin-Teng Lin, Tzyy-Ping Jung, Sheng-Fu Liang & Teng-Yi Huang 1970, 'EEG-based fuzzy neural network estimator for driving performance', 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37583), 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, IEEE, The Hague, NETHERLANDS, pp. 4034-4040.
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Ruei-Cheng Wu, Sheng-Fu Liang, Chin-Teng Lin & Chun-Fei Hsu 1970, 'Applications of event-related-potential-based brain computer interface to intelligent transportation systems', IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, 2004, IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, 2004, IEEE, pp. 813-818.
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In this paper, an event-related-potential (ERP) -based brain computer interface (BCI) is proposed for the application of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). It consists of a virtual-reality (VR) motion simulation platform and an electroencephalographic signal detection and analysis system. The goals are to demonstrate the feasibility of detecting and analyzing multiple streams of ERP signals that organize operators' cognitive states and responses to task events, and to develop an ERP-based brain computer interface to meet the requirements of public security of intelligent transportation systems. We setup detailed experimental procedures to perform the cognitive tasks and collect high-fidelity ERP signals in the well-controlled VR-based laboratory environments. The independent component analysis (ICA) algorithms are applied to separate and get noise-free ERP signals from the multi-channel measured signals. Experimental results show that the separated ERP signals achieve a satisfactory result and can be further classified and transformed as the control/monitoring signals of safety-driving system for ITS.
Rui Li, Chen, WM, Miao Yu & Liu, DK 1970, 'Fuzzy intelligent control of automotive vibration via Magneto-rheological damper', IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems, 2004., 2004 IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 503-507.
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Based on analyses of characteristics of Magneto-Theological (MR) damper, a hierarchical fuzzy intelligent controller is proposed for vibration control of an automotive vehicle with MR dampers. This controller consists of control level and coordination level. In the control level, a semi-active fuzzy logic controller is designed for each MR suspension system based on a hybrid control strategy of sky-hook control and ground-hook control. In the coordination level, a coordination controller is designed to coordinate the four independent semi-active fuzzy logic controllers by adjusting their output parameters according to the system feedback. To validate the results of hierarchical fuzzy intelligent control, a MR semi-active suspension control and test system is set up and is implemented on a mini bus, which is equipped with four controllable MR dampers. Test results indicate that the hierarchical fuzzy intelligent controller can effectively reduce the vertical vibration and improve the ride comfort and handle stability of automobile.
Schiefer, J & McGregor, C 1970, 'Correlating events for monitoring business processes', ICEIS 2004 - Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, pp. 320-327.
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With the increasing demand for real-time information on critical performance indicators of business processes, the capturing, transformation and correlation of real-world events with minimal latency are a prerequisite for improving the speed and effectiveness of an organization's business operations. Events often include key business information about their relationship to other events that can be utilized to collect relevant event data for the calculation of business performance indicators. In this paper we introduce an approach for correlating events of business processes that uses correlation sessions to represent correlation knowledge. Correlation sessions facilitate the processing of data across multiple events and thereby enable a calculating of business metrics in near real-time. The benefit over existing approaches is that it is tailored to instrument business processes and business applications that may operate in a heterogeneous software environment. We propose a Java-based, container-managed environment which provides a distributed, scalable, near-real time processing of events and which includes a correlation service that effectively manages correlation sessions. We also show a complete example that illustrates how correlation sessions can be utilized for computing the cycle time of business processes.
Serour, MK, Dagher, L, Prior, J & Henderson-Sellers, B 1970, 'Open for agility: An action researchstudy of introducing method engineering into a government sector', PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT: ADVANCES IN THEORY, PRACTICE AND EDUCATION, International Conference on Information Systems Development, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania, pp. 105-116.
Shannon, A & Atanassov, K 1970, 'On intuitionistic fuzzy multigraphs and their index matrix interpretations', 2004 2nd International IEEE Conference 'Intelligent Systems' - Proceedings, pp. 440-443.
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The concept of intuitionistic fuzzy multigraphs (IFMG) is analyzed using the index matrices. IFMG is an extension of intuitionistic fuzzy graphs. The multigraphs that contain at least two neighboard vertices between which there are more than one arc are selected for the analysis. These graphs can be applied in different areas of artificial intelligent such as decision making and pattern recognition.
Shannon, A, Kerre, E, Szmidt, E, Sotirova, E, Petrounias, I, Kacprzyk, J, Atanassov, K, Krawczak, M, Melo-Pinto, P, Georgiev, P, Melliani, S & Kim, T 1970, 'Intuitionistic fuzzy estimation and generalized net model of E-learning within a university local network', 2004 2nd International IEEE Conference 'Intelligent Systems' - Proceedings, pp. 423-426.
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A generalized net is used to construct a model which describes the organization of students' e-Learning within a University Intranet. The model can be used for the estimation of student knowledge. The model also utilizes the theory of intuitionistic fuzzy sets.
Sharma, A & Agrawal, A 1970, 'Parameters affecting the performance of a perfectly matched layer for beam propagation methods', SPIE Proceedings, Integrated Optoelectronic Devices 2004, SPIE, pp. 151-162.
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Sharma, A & Agrawal, A 1970, 'Split-step non-paraxial beam propagation method', SPIE Proceedings, Integrated Optoelectronic Devices 2004, SPIE, pp. 132-142.
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Sharma, D 1970, 'Australian Electricity Reform: Some Emerging Challenges', The 26th Annual IAEE International Conference hosted by IRAEE, Energy And Security in the Changing World, Iranian Association for Energy Economics (IRAEE), Tehran, Iran, pp. 1-14.
Sharma, D 1970, 'Electricity Prices in Restructured Electricity Market in Australia: A Panoramic Discourse', The 24th Annual North American Conference of the USAEE/IAEE, Energy, Environment and Economics in a New Era, International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE), Washington D.C., USA, pp. 1-10.
Sheridan-Smith, NB, Colquitt, D, Soliman, JA, Leaney, JR, O'Neill, T & Hunter, M 1970, 'Improving The User Experience Through Adaptive and Dynamic Service Management', Proceedings of the Australian Telecommunication Networks and Application Conference 2004, Australian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference, ATNAC 2004, Sydney, Australia, pp. 212-215.
Shi, C, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'A Web-based decision Support System for Linear Bilevel Problems', Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Information (Info 2004), International Conference on Information, International Information Institute, Tokyo,Japan, pp. 257-260.
SHI, C, ZHANG, G & LU, JIE 1970, 'AN ALGORITHM FOR LINEAR BILEVEL PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS', Applied Computational Intelligence, Proceedings of the 6th International FLINS Conference, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Blankenberghe, Belgium, pp. 300-303.
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For linear bilevel programming problems, the branch and bound algorithm is the most successful algorithm to deal with the complementary constraints arising from Kuhn-Tucker conditions. This paper proposes a new branch and bound algorithm for linear bilevel programming problems. Based on this result, a web-based bilevel decision support system is developed.
Shi-An Chen, Jen-Feng Chung, Sheng-Fu Liang & Chin-Teng Lin 1970, 'Cellular neural network (CNN) circuit design for modeling of early-stage human visual system', IEEE International Workshop on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 2004., IEEE International Workshop on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 2004., IEEE, pp. 191-194.
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This paper proposes a novel CNN-based biological visual processing for hybrid-order texture boundary detection. The texture boundary detection is based on the first- and second-order features to model pre-attentive stage of human visual system. This system is implemented by using a parallel computing neural network, called cellular neural networks (CNN). This CNN design adopts the multi-layer architecture involving a 5×5 large neighborhood and is extended to be the 16×16 array size for image processing. The proposed circuit models have been verified and the proposed method can successfully detect the texture boundary in an image. © 2004 IEEE.
Shing-Hong Liu, Chin-Teng Lin & Wen-Hung Chao 1970, 'The short-time fractal scaling of heart rate variability to estimate the mental stress of driver', IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, 2004, IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, 2004, IEEE, pp. 829-833.
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Traffic accident happens everywhere, especially if the car driver cannot get concentrate when he/she is under a mental work loading. The main purpose of this research is to utilize the method of the nonlinear dynamic system for analyzing the driver's mental stress. In physiology, the autonomic nervous system including sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems controls the cardiovascular system. Human's heart rate and blood pressure will violently fluctuate while under a mental stress situation. Therefore, the short-time fractal scaling of the heart rate variability (HRV) is analyzed to estimate the driver's mental stress. In our virtual-reality lab, a 6-D motion platform was designed to emulate a driver-vehicle environment, and a subject sat on the platform and whose electrocardiogram was recorded. It was found that the Lyapunov exponent could effectively represent the HRV. Therefore, we conclude that the nonlinear dynamic system can be applied to analyze the driver's HRV under mental stress.
Shing-Hong Liu, Chin-Teng Lin, Zu-Chi Wen & Jia-Jung Wang 1970, 'Using the system identify theorem for constructing the dynamic compliance of the brachial artery', IEEE International Workshop on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 2004., IEEE International Workshop on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 2004., IEEE, pp. 325-327.
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A noninvasive measurement technique with oscillometry, system identify, and the related measured circuits is investigated to detect the dynamic compliance of brachial artery. In oscillometry, oscillation amplitudes (OAs) embedded in the cuff pressure are effected by the arterial characteristic, body tissue, and cuff characteristic. In cuff deflation, pressure transducer and micro flower meter were used to detect the variation of cuff pressure and volume. A system identify theorem was used to reconstruct the cuff model. Using the cuff pressure and OAs, the arterial volume change was calculated under the different transmural pressure. This measurement system also detected the systolic and diastolic pressure, simultaneously. Therefore, the dynamic Pressure-Volume (P-V) curve of artery was made. © 02004 IEEE.
Shon, H, Vigneswaran, S, Kim, IS, Cho, J & Ngo, H 1970, 'Characterization of Different Treatments With Biologically Treated Sewage Effluent and Synthetic Wastewater', Enviro 04 Convention & Exhibition, Enviro 04, Enviroaust Convention Limited, Darling Harbour, Australia, pp. 1-10.
Shon, H, Vigneswaran, S, Kim, J, Ngo, H & Park, N 1970, 'Comparison of Nanofiltration with Flocculation-Microfiltration-Photocatalysis Hybrid System in Dissolved Organic Matter Removal', 9th World Filtration Congress, World Filtration Congress, The American Filtration and Separation Society, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, pp. 1-19.
Shoudong Huang, Zhan Wang & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Time optimal robot motion control in simultaneous localization and map building (SLAM) problem', 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566), 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566), IEEE, Sendai, Japan, pp. 3110-3115.
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This paper provides a technique for minimal time robot motion control in the estimation-theoretic based simultaneous localizations and map building (SLAM) problem. We consider the scenario that the robot needs to go to a destination which is a prescribed location in the coordinate system referenced by its starting position. The task of the robot is to reach the destination within minimal time while localizing itself and building a map of the environment with a prescribed accuracy. This task may be a real navigation task or may be a subtask in a SLAM problem of a large unknown environment. A global sub-optimal control law is derived using dynamic programming techniques.
Shui Yu & Wanlei Zhou 1970, 'A Novel Middleware Based Web Database Model', IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI'04), IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI'04), IEEE, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 533-536.
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Singh, SPN & Waldron, KJ 1970, 'Design and evaluation of an integrated planar localization method for desktop robotics', IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2004. Proceedings. ICRA '04. 2004, IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2004. Proceedings. ICRA '04. 2004, IEEE, New Orleans, USA, pp. 1109-1114 Vol.2.
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Localization and measurement of displacement are critical aspects to the operation and control of mobile robots. The motion of desktop robots, a class of mobile robots designed for use on a table, can be considered a special case of the general localization problem since the vehicle is primarily operated over a flat surface. Using the assumption that the motion of a desktop robot is essentially planar, this paper presents a novel method that senses the motion of two points to obtain both the position and orientation of the robot in two-dimensional space. The paper details how this method can be implemented using low-cost, off-the-shelf sensor hardware components and demonstrates its application in the Desktop-Bot, a compact desktop robot. Experimental testing validated features of this planar localization such as: estimation with minimal mean error (or drift), no external sensing hardware apparatus (i.e., on-board sensing), fast-update rates (?50 Hz) and robustness to external occlusion.
Sirivivatnanon, V, Mak, SL & Gowripalan, N 1970, 'Effect of water and steam curing on long-term performance of concrete', American Concrete Institute, ACI Special Publication, pp. 821-836.
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There has always been a demand for curing of concrete in specifications. Curing can be defined from the material science and engineering viewpoint. It may be difficult for the workers and contractors to comply with curing specifications especially if the benefit of curing is not measurable or when unrealistic curing regime is demanded. The influence of curing on the resistance of concrete to carbonation has been examined and reported since the early 1990's. The influence of a range of curing membranes on surface porosity and the degrees of hydration of cement has also been investigated by Gowripalan er a/. (3) and is reemphasised in this paper. More recently, significant research has been undertaken to study the effectiveness of various practical curing regimes on the long-term properties of high performance concrete. In addition, the sensitiveness of properties of concrete, made from various binder systems, to curing has also been examined. In particular, the effect of three curing regimes: 7-day sealed, 7-day wet and a simulated steam curing, on the chloride penetration resistance and long-term volume stability of GP-cement and Slag-cement concrete is reported. From these studies, the need for curing is critically examined from the cost-benefit consideration given that end performance depends on both the type of concrete used and the associated curing regime. An approach to specification based on current knowledge is discussed.
Skillicorn, D, Simoff, SJ, Kennedy, PJ & Catchpoole, DR 1970, 'Strategies for Winnowing Microarray Data', Proceedings SIAM Bioinformatics Workshop, SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Uppsala University, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA, pp. 45-51.
Skinner, B, Nguyen, HT & Liu, D 1970, 'Performance Study of a Multi-Deme Parallel Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Mutation', Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomous Robots and Agents (ICARA'04), International Conference on Autonomous Robots and Agents, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, pp. 88-94.
Smith, DB, Abhayapala, TD & Aubrey, TA 1970, 'A generalised (M,NR) MIMO Rayleigh channel model for non-isotropic scatterer distributions.', Proceedings of Workshop on the Application of Radio Science, (WARS) 2004, Workshop on the Application of Radio Science, National Committee for Radio Science, Hobart, Australia, pp. 1-6.
Sood, SC & Pattinson, HM 1970, 'Patterns of Negotiation: A New Way of Looking at Marketplace B2B Negotiations', ISSC 2004, Boston.
Stalhane, T, Kutay, C, Al-Kilidar, H & Jeffery, R 1970, 'Teaching the process of code review', 2004 AUSTRALIAN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, 15th Australian Software Engineering Conference, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 271-278.
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Steele, R, Ventsov, Y, Madhisetty, S & Benkovich, L 1970, 'A two-tier architecture for automated mobile applications', International Conference on Information Technology: Coding Computing, ITCC, pp. 281-285.
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Emerging high bandwidth wireless infrastructure such as WiFi and Bluetooth networks make possible mobile applications that involve automated 'conversations' between mobile devices and other land-based systems. By automated is meant that communication does not necessarily require human initiation or intervention. Such applications have been previously economically unviabie on GSM/ GPRS networks due to the costs per call and/ or per data volume and technically challenging as providing for run-time flexibility in such communication poses semantic encoding difficulties. Nevertheless such applications are particularly well suited to mobile device interfaces, which have input and display limitations, as they minimize the required level of human user input. In this paper we propose a two-tier architecture for simple database-centric mobile applications, capable of such automated communication, that uses polymorphism to achieve run-time flexibility.
Steele, R, Ventsov, Y, Madhisetty, S & Benkovich, L 1970, 'A two-tier architecture for automated mobile applications', ITCC 2004: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: CODING AND COMPUTING, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS, International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing, IEEE Computer Society, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 281-285.
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Emerging high bandwidth wireless infrastructure such as WiFi and Bluetooth networks make possible mobile applications that involve automated "conversations" between mobile devices and other land-based systems. By automated is meant that communication does not necessarily require human initiation or intervention. Such applications have been previously economically unviable on GSM/ GPRS networks due to the costs per call and/ or per data volume and technically challenging as providing for run-time flexibility in such communication poses semantic encoding difficulties. Nevertheless such applications are particularly well suited to mobile device interfaces, which have input and display limitations, as they minimize the required level of human user input. In this paper we propose a two-tier architecture for simple database-centric mobile applications, capable of such automated communication, that uses polymorphism to achieve run-time flexibility.
Stoica, L, Tiuraniemi, S, Rabbachin, A & Oppermann, I 1970, 'An ultra wideband TAG circuit transceiver architecture', 2004 International Workshop on Ultra Wideband Systems Joint with Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies. Joint UWBST & IWUWBS 2004 (IEEE Cat. No.04EX812), 2004 International Workshop on Ultra Wideband Systems Joint with Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies. Joint UWBST & IWUWBS 2004, IEEE, Kyoto, JAPAN, pp. 258-262.
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Stoica, L, Tiuraniemi, S, Repo, H, Rabbachin, A & Oppermann, I 1970, 'Low complexity UWB circuit transceiver architecture for low cost sensor tag systems', 2004 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8754), 2004 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, IEEE, Barcelona, SPAIN, pp. 196-200.
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Takezawa, S, Herath, DC & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'SLAM in indoor environments with stereo vision', 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566), 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566), IEEE, Sendai, Japan, pp. 1866-1871.
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This paper proposes a method for simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) in an indoor environment using stereo vision. Specially designed artificial landmarks distributed in the environment are observed and extracted from a camera image. The disparity map obtained from the stereo vision system is used to obtain the ranges to these landmarks. The main contribution of the paper is the formulation of the mathematical framework for SLAM for a robot moving on a planar surface among landmarks distributed in three dimensional space. The paper also presents the results of experiments conducted using a pioneer robot and a Triclops stereo vision system. It is demonstrated that accurate robot and feature locations can be obtained using the proposed technique.
Taylor, PW & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Adaptive Training of Neural Network Classifiers for Power Wheelchair Control', Engineering and Physical Sciences in Medicine 2004, Engineering and Physical Sciences in Medicine 2004, EPSM 2004 Conference Handbook, Geelong, Victoria, Australia, pp. 128-128.
Tesi, R, Hamalainen, M, Iinatti, J, Oppermann, J & Hovinen, V 1970, 'On the multi-user interference study for ultra wideband communication systems in AWGN and modified Saleh-Valenzuela channel', 2004 International Workshop on Ultra Wideband Systems Joint with Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies. Joint UWBST & IWUWBS 2004 (IEEE Cat. No.04EX812), 2004 International Workshop on Ultra Wideband Systems Joint with Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies. Joint UWBST & IWUWBS 2004, IEEE, Kyoto, JAPAN, pp. 91-95.
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Tokei, Z, Patz, M, Schmidt, M, Iacopi, F, Demuynck, S & Maex, K 1970, 'Correlation between barrier integrity and TDDB performance of copper porous low-k interconnects', MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, European Workshop on Materials for Advanced Metallization (MAM2004), ELSEVIER, Brussels, BELGIUM, pp. 70-75.
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Tokei, Z, Sutcliffe, V, Demuynck, S, Iacopi, F, Roussel, P, Beyer, GP, Hoofman, RJOM, Maex, K & ieee 1970, 'Impact of the barrier/dielectric interface quality on reliability of Cu porous-low-k interconnects', 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, 42nd Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium, IEEE, Phoenix, AZ, pp. 326-332.
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Tran, T, Ha, QP, Grover, R & Scheding, S 1970, 'Modelling of an Autonomous Amphibious Vehicle', Conference Proceedings, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation (ACRA 2004), Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ARAA Australian Robotics & Automation Association, Canberra, Australia, pp. 1-7.
Tran, TH, Ha, QP & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'New wavelet-based,pitch detection method for human-robot voice interface', 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566), 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566), IEEE, Sendai, Japan, pp. 527-532.
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Speech activated interface between human and autonomous/semi-autonomous systems requires accurate voice detection and recognition. In this area pitch and end-point detection is of vital importance. This paper presents a new method for pitch detection based on the phase of the continuous wavelet transform. The advantage of the proposed technique is that it can serve not only as an accurate pitch detector, but also can offer an efficient solution to the end-point detection problem. Experimental results are provided for the detection of pitch periods and end points in a neural-network based voice enabled wheelchair system.
Tran, TT, Muellenhoff, M, Nguyen, K & Proper, S 1970, 'Avoiding nerve injury in the head and neck during mohs surgery', Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Dermatology, Elsevier BV, DC, WASHINGTON, pp. P162-P162.
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Tsang, IW & Kwok, JT 1970, 'Efficient Hyperkernel Learning Using Second-Order Cone Programming', MACHINE LEARNING: ECML 2004, PROCEEDINGS, 15th European Conference on Machine Learning/8th European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Pisa, ITALY, pp. 453-464.
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Turner, BD, Binning, P & Sloan, S 1970, 'The CO2 enhanced removal of fluoride using a calcite permeable reactive barrier', GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA, 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference, PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK, pp. A460-A460.
van den Hoven, E & Eggen, B 1970, 'Tangible computing in everyday life: Extending current frameworks for tangible user interfaces with personal objects', AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS, EUSAI'04, Springer-Verlag, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, pp. 230-242.
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This paper describes an extension to Ullmer and Ishiiâs TUIcategorization [41]. The reason for adding new categories is based on their omission of their associative TUIs and our work in this area of personal objects. The benefit of using personal objects instead of generic objects is that in the first instance users already have mental models or personal links between experiences, the related media and these objects. In addition, a Graspable or Tangible User Interface with personal objects can support existing media systems, instead of designing new ones that have to be learned by users.
van den Hoven, E, IJsselsteijn, W, Kortuem, G, van Laerhoven, K, McLelland, I, Perik, E, Romero, N & de Ruyter, B 1970, 'Adjunct Proceedings of the Second European Symposium on Ambient Intelligence (EUSAI 2004)', EUSAI'04, EUSAI'04, ACM, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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EUSAI 2004, the second European Symposium on Ambient Intelligence, was held on November 8 - 10 2004 at Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands. EUSAI 2004 followed a successful first event in 2003, organized by Philips Research. EUSAI turned out to be a timely initiative that created a forum for bringing together European researchers, working on different disciplines all contributing towards the human-centric technological vision of Ambient Intelligence. Compared to conferences working on similar and overlapping fields, the first EUSAI is characterized by a strong industrial focus reflected in the program committee and the content of the program. As program chairs of EUSAI 2004 we have tried to preserve the character for this event and its combined focus on the original four major thematic areas: ubiquitous computing, context awareness, intelligence and natural interaction. This was reflected in the call for proposals and the constitution of the review committee. Further, we have tried to make EUSAI, which started as a symposium, grow into a full-fledged double-track conference. EUSAI included events such as a tutorial and workshop program, a poster and demonstration exhibition, a student design competition and three invited keynotes: Ted Selker from MIT, Tom Rodden from the University of Nottingham and Tom Erickson from IBM. This Adjunct-Proceedings volume includes the extended abstracts of the submissions in the following categories: demonstrations, posters, tutorials and workshops. All submissions have been reviewed to ensure the quality of the proceedings and have been revised to reflect the comments by reviewers.
Veitch, D, Babu, S & Pàsztor, A 1970, 'Robust synchronization of software clocks across the internet', Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement, IMC04: Internet Measurement Conference, ACM, ACM, pp. 219-232.
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Vidal-Calleja, T, Andrade-Cetto, J & Sanfeliu, A 1970, 'Conditions for suboptimal filter stability in SLAM', 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566), 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566), IEEE, pp. 27-32.
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In this article, we show marginal stability in SLAM, guaranteeing convergence to a non-zero mean state error estimate bounded by a constant value. Moreover, marginal stability guarantees also convergence of the Riccati equation of the one-step ahead state error covariance to at least one psd steady state solution. In the search for real-time implementations of SLAM, covariance inflation methods produce a suboptimal filter that eventually may lead to the computation of an unbounded state error covariance. We provide tight constraints in the amount of decorrelation possible, to guarantee convergence of the state error covariance, and at the same time, a linear-time implementation of SLAM.
Viggiano, L, Celentano, U & Oppermann, I 1970, 'Composite video traffic over IEEE 802.15.3a wireless personal area networks', VTT Symposium (Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus), 29th URSI Convention on Radio Science, TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE FINLAND, Espoo, FINLAND, pp. 127-130.
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In this paper, transmission of multidimensional video traffic over IEEE 802.15.3a WPANs is presented. First, a statistical model for the multidimensional video source is presented and validated by comparison with real traces. Then, different resource allocation strategies implemented on top of IEEE 802.15.3 MAC are presented and their performance compared.
Waldron, K & Nichol, JG 1970, 'Architectural Issues in Running Machines', Proceedings of ROMANSY 15, Montreal, Canada.
Waldron, KJ & Kallem, V 1970, 'Control Modes for a Three-Dimensional Galloping Machine', Volume 2: 28th Biennial Mechanisms and Robotics Conference, Parts A and B, ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, ASMEDC, Salt Lake City, USA, pp. 1525-1533.
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A set of relationships are developed to estimate the effects of control inputs on different axes of a galloping machine. It is demonstrated that control must be approached on a stride cycle basis to avoid serious cross-coupling between degrees of freedom. It is also demonstrated that a somewhat different approach to the Raibert controller is necessary for galloping. The relationships developed are primarily useful to estimate sensitivities to different control approaches, and thereby develop useful design information. Their use is illustrated by calculating sensitivities for our KOLT galloping vehicle.
Wallis, BA, Acton, CH & Eager, DM 1970, 'Trampolines, Cause for Concern?', 7th Australian Injury Prevention Conference, Australian Injury Prevention Network, Mackay, Australia, pp. 1-4.
Wang, H, Hintz, T, He, X & Wu, Q 1970, 'How pseudo model may help evaluate image compression on spiral architecture', Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, PDPTA'04, International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, CSREA Press, La Vegas, USA, pp. 389-394.
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Although Spiral Architecture (SA) has many advantages in image processing and machine vision, there is no available image capture device yet to support this structure. Hence, in order to implement our theoretical results, it is necessary to construct the SA from the existing image structure, on which the traditional image representation is based. Therefore, in this paper we provide two methods, Mimic model and Pseudo model. We can construct the architecture from the rectangular pixels and thus they share the Spiral addressing mechanism. This paper then presents how Pseudo model may help to evaluate the performance of image compression on Spiral Architecture. Based on the two unique properties of Spiral Architecture, i.e. locality of light intensity and uniformity of image partitioning, possible approaches to image compression may be discovered. Our future work would focus on partitioning the image into blocks and implement compression on the transform domain.
Watt, D & Willey, K 1970, 'Value based decision models of management for complex systems', 2004 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37574), 2004 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 1278-1283.
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Large scale complex engineering systems (LSCES), or complex systems, and their development comprise many factors of influence, of which some are currently known, others not yet known, and some may never be fully understood. Given the very nature of, and operating difficulties in developing complex systems, often there are inconsistencies associated with providing an objective business case and in establishing a realistic (acquisition) program. The inconsistencies arise as a result of measurement difficulties in determining overall value in the presence of both "hard" and "soft" factors. The traditional approach and continued practice of allocating subjective weightings to each factor of interest also contributes to the problem of inconsistency. This paper provides a structural framework that establishes a measure of value through the application of discrete choice methods. The methods are widely used to identify the decision making behaviour of individuals and organizations. This is achieved through considering relevant qualitative and quantitative factors or attributes that as a whole provide a measure of utility, and therefore value. Whilst there has been considerable success in the use of these models within the marketing and transportation domains, there has been little application toward their use in evaluating and assessing competitively tendered contracts (CTC) for the acquisition of complex systems.
Wegdam, M, van Bemmel, J, Lagerberg, K & Leijdekkers, P 1970, 'An architecture for user location in heterogeneous mobile networks', HIGH SPEED NETWORKS AND MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, High Speed Networks And Multimedia Communications, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Tolouse,France, pp. 479-491.
Wei, D 1970, 'Experimental Study and FEM Analysis of Dynamic Response in Metals during Plate Impact', AIP Conference Proceedings, MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN: Modeling, Simulation and Applications - NUMIFORM 2004 - Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes, AIP, Columbus, OH, pp. 498-503.
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Wei, DB, Han, JT, Tieu, AK & Jiang, ZY 1970, 'An Analysis on the Inhomogeneous Microstructure in Crack Healing Area', Key Engineering Materials, 7th Asia-Pacific Symposiumon Engineering Plasticity and Its Applications (AEPA 2004), Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Shanghai Jiaotong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1053-1058.
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Wei, Y, Lin, C, Ren, F, Raad, R & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Dynamic handoff scheme in differentiated QoS wireless multimedia networks', Computer Communications, Elsevier BV, pp. 1001-1011.
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Handoff is one of the key elements in ensuring quality of service (QoS) in mobile wireless networks. Handoff connections generally have higher priority than new connections. Traditional reservation policies that reserve some channels for handoff connections are not adaptive to traffic load changes. This paper proposes a new Dynamic Guard Channel (DGC) scheme, which (1) combines differentiated QoS service model and priority handoff mechanism; (2) provides fairness for differentiated QoS services; (3) adapts to various traffic loads because it adopts passive feedback mechanism if we assume a stationary distribution for the mean arrival times; (4) does not need to exchange state information among different cells, so it is easy to implement and is simple enough to be used in real world scenarios; (5) utilizes network resource efficiently and puts a bound on each service blocking probability. The simulation results show that the ratios among different QoS service probabilities are guaranteed to predefined values and system utilization is improved. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Weily, AR, Esselle, K, Sanders, BC & Bird, TS 1970, 'Woodpile EBG resonator antenna with double slot feed', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Symposium, 2004., IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Symposium, 2004., IEEE, Monterey, CA, pp. 1139-1142 Vol.2.
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Weily, AR, Esselle, KP, Sanders, BC & Bird, TS 1970, 'Circularly polarized 1-D EBG resonator antenna', 2004 10th International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics and URSI Conference, 2004 10th International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics and URSI Conference, IEEE, pp. 1-4.
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© 2004 IEEE. We propose a circularly polarized resonator antenna made from a one-dimensional electromagnetic band gap (EBG) material. The antenna has the advantages of high gain, low losses and a low profile. A sequentially rotated array of linearly polarized stripline slots is used to generate circular polarization in the EBG resonator antenna. Preliminary theoretical results for this device and some details of the feed configuration are described.
Westra, S & Ball, JE 1970, 'On the Propagation of Errors in Catchment Modelling Systems', Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Hydroinformatics, International Conference on Hydroinformatics, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd, Singapore, pp. 340-350.
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White, R, Phillips, MR, Thomas, P, Wuhrer, R & Dredge, P 1970, 'Interactions Between Pigments in 19th and Early 20th Century Oil Paintings - In Situ Studies Using the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope', Microscopy and Microanalysis, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Oxford University Press (OUP), Savannah, USA, pp. 132-133.
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Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Whitehead, DJ, Skusa, A & Kennedy, PJ 1970, 'Evaluating an evolutionary approach for reconstructing gene regulatory networks', ARTIFICIAL LIFE IX, 9th International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Artificial Life (ALIFE9), MIT PRESS, Boston, MA, pp. 427-432.
Wu, CQ, Hao, H & Lu, Y 1970, 'Numerical simulation of damage of masonry and masonry infilled RC frame structures to blast ground motions', PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING FOR YOUNG EXPERTS, VOLS 1 AND 2, 8th International Symposium on Structural Engineering for Young Experts, SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING, Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 523-529.
Wu, F, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'An fuzzy goal approximate algorithm for fuzzy multiple objective linear programming problems', Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Information (Info 2004), International Conference on Information, International Information Institute, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 261-264.
Wu, F, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'FMODSS: A decision support system for solving multiple objective linear programming problem with fuzzy parameter', The 2004 IFIP International Conference on Decision Support Systems (DSS2004) Conference Proceedings, IFIP International Conference on Decision Support Systems, Monash University, Prato,Italy, pp. 0-0.
Wu, F, Lu, R & Zhang, G 1970, 'A fuzzy goal approximate algorithm to fuzzy multiple objective decision-making', PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, 3rd International Conference on Information and Management Science, CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIV, Dunhuang, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 182-187.
Wu, FJ, Lu, J & Zhang, GQ 1970, 'A decision support system for multiple objective linear programming with fuzzy parameters', 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERNECE ON E-TECHNOLOGY, E-COMMERE AND E-SERVICE, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference on e-Technology, e-Commerce and e-Service, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 425-428.
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A new approximate algorithm has been developed by Wu et al. for solving fuzzy multiple objective linear programming (FMOLP) problems with fuzzy parameters in any form of membership function in both objective functions and constraints. Based on the approximate algorithm, a fuzzy multiple objective decision support system (FMODSS) is developed. This paper focuses on the description of use for FMODSS in detail, and an example is presented for demonstrating how to solve a FMOLP problem by the FMODSS.
Wu, FJ, Zhang, GQ & Lu, J 1970, 'A fuzzy goal approximate algorithm for solving multiple objective linear programming problems with fuzzy parameters', APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, International Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent technologies in Nuclear Science Conference, World Scientific, Blankenberghe, Belgium, pp. 304-307.
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Many business decisions can be modeled as multiple objective linear programming (MOLP) problems. When formulating a MOLP problem, objective functions and constraints involve many parameters which possible values are assigned by the experts who are often imprecisely or ambiguously known. So, it would be more appropriate for these parameters to be represented by fuzzy numbers. In this paper, a new fuzzy goal approximate algorithm is developed for solving fuzzy multiple objective linear programming (FMOLP) problems with fuzzy parameters when the fuzzy goals for the objective functions need to be achieved. And an illuminative example is also given to illustrate the algorithm developed.
Wu, M & Gide, E 1970, 'Developing a Framework of E-Commerce Program for Higher Educational Institution', The 2nd Sino-America Advanced Workshop in Electronic Commerce & The 3rd Conference on E-Commerce Major Establishment in China’s Universities, Chengdu, China.
Wu, Q, He, S & Hintz, TB 1970, 'Preliminary Image Compression Research Using Uniform Image Partitioning on Spiral Architecture', Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Macquarie Scientific Publishing, Harbin, China, pp. 216-221.
Wu, Q, He, X & Hintz, T 1970, 'Preliminary image compression research using uniform image partitioning on spiral architecture', Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA 2004), pp. 416-421.
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Spiral Architecture is a relatively new and powerful approach to general purpose machine vision system. Using Spiral Multiplication and Spiral Addition, two special mathematical operations on Spiral Architecture, a uniform image partitioning method was proposed earlier. In this paper, preliminary research of image compression based on such a novel image partitioning is presented. It is demonstrated that after uniform image partitioning the sub-images have the properties that pixel intensities between the sub-images are quite similar thus giving opportunities for image compression.
Wu, Q, He, X & Hintz, T 1970, 'Virtual spiral architecture', Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, PDPTA'04, International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 399-405.
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Spiral Architecture is a relative new and powerful approach to machine vision system. The geometrical arrangement of pixels on Spiral architecture can be described in terms of a hexagonal grid. However, all the existing hardware for capturing image and for displaying image are produced based on rectangular architecture. It has become a serious problem affecting the advanced research on Spiral Architecture. In this paper, a novel mimic Spiral Architecture called virtual Spiral Architecture is presented. Using virtual Spiral Architecture, images on rectangular architecture can be smoothly transferred to hexagonal architecture. Moreover, such mimicking operation does not introduce distortion and reduce image resolution, which is an advantage over other mimicking methods. There is no doubt that virtual architecture will be helpful to research on Spiral Architecture and other hexagonal architectures.
Wyeth, P, Venz, M & Wyeth, G 1970, 'Scaffolding Children’s Robot Building and Programming Activities', Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 308-319.
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Xu, M, Duan, L-Y, Chia, L-T & Xu, C-S 1970, 'Audio keyword generation for sports video analysis', Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia, MM04: 2004 12th Annual ACM International Conference on Multimedia, ACM, pp. 758-759.
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Semantic sports video analysis has attracted many research interests and audio cues have been shown to play an important role in semantics inference. To facilitate event detection using audio information, we have introduced the concept of audio keyword (e.g. excited/plain commentator speech, excited/plain audience sound, etc.) to describe the game-specific sound associated with an event. In our previous work, we have designed a hierarchical Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier for audio keyword identification. However, there are two inherent weaknesses: 1) a frame-based SVM classifier does not incorporate any contextual information; 2) a robust recognizer relies on large amounts of training data in the case of different sports games videos. In this demo, we present a flexible Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-based audio keyword generation system. This is motivated by the successful story of applying HMM in speech recognition. Unlike the frame-based SVM classification followed by a major voting, our HMM-based system treats an audio keyword as a continuous time series data and employs hidden states transition to capture contexts. Moreover, our system introduces an adaptation mechanism to tune the initial HMM models (obtained from available training data) to improve performance by a small number of data from a new sports game video. Promising results has been demonstrated on the tennis, soccer and basketball videos with the total length of 2 hours.
Yoshizawa, S, Wada, N, Hayasaka, N & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Scalable architecture for word HMM-based speech recognition', Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE, Vancouver, CANADA, pp. 417-420.
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This paper presents a scalable architecture for realizing real-time speech recognizers based on a word HMM (Hidden Markov Model). HMM-based recognition algorithms are classified into two acoustic models, i.e., phoneme-level model and word-level model. The phoneme-level HMM has been widely used in current speech recognition systems which permit large-sized vocabularies. Whereas the word-level HMM has been constrained to small-sized vocabularies because of extremely high computation cost in spite of excellent recognition performance. In order to overcome the shortage, we adopt the scalable architecture focused on the word HMM structure. The proposed architecture can flexibly improve recognition performance and extend word vocabularies. In addition, the computation time is hardly increasing. In order to demonstrate practical solutions, we have designed and evaluated a total system recognizer including speech analysis and noise robustness on a 0.18μm CMOS standard cell library. The recognition time is 35.7μs/word at 128MHz operating frequency. The recognizer can achieve over middle-sized vocabularies in real-time response.
Yoshizawa, S, Wada, N, Hayasaka, N & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'VLSI architecture for HMM-based speech recognition systems and its veri. cation platform', IEEE International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies: ISCIT 2004, pp. 700-703.
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This paper presents VLSI architecture in HMM-based speech recognition for high-speed operation and its veri. cation platform to test various tasks on recognition systems. The proposed architecture effectively utilizes independent computations on the HMM structure. It can reduce processing time and/or extend the word vocabulary considerably. We designed a complete recognizer, including speech analysis and noise robustness parts, and developed a FPGA platform and a computer-aided design tool that generates source codes and testing data. The recognizer provides 35.7μs/word in response time for word recognition tasks on a 0.18μm CMOS technology and the FPGA platform enables real-time recognition experiments under various conditions.
Yuehe Ge, Esselle, KP & Bird, TS 1970, 'Microstrip-fed E-shaped patch antennas and diversity pairs for wireless communications', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Symposium, 2004., IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Symposium, 2004., IEEE, Monterey, CA, pp. 4152-4155 Vol.4.
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Yusop, N, Lowe, D & Zowghi, D 1970, 'A domain framework for representation of Web system impacts', WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS - WISE 2004, PROCEEDINGS, International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, Springer, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 491-502.
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In web systems development, the business environment, processes and the related Web systems are interdependent. The business domain not only drives the identification of system needs, but the business is fundamentally changed by the introduction or evolution of the system. This results in Web systems that are highly volatile with complex inter-dependencies with the business domain. In this paper we describe a framework which allows us to describe and structure these interdependencies, particularly focusing on the concept of mutual constitution. The result is a consistent terminology and a basis for more effective reasoning about the business consequences of introducing and changing Web systems. © Springer-Verlag 2004.
Zhang, G, Bai, C, Lu, J & Zhang, C 1970, 'Bayesian Network based Cost Benefit Factor Inference in Eservices', Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Macquarie Scientific Publishing, Harbin, China, pp. 464-469.
Zhang, G, Bai, C, Lu, J & Zhang, C 1970, 'Bayesian network based cost benefit factor inference in e-services', Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA 2004), pp. 404-409.
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This paper applies Bayesian network technique to model and inference the uncertain relationships among cost factors and benefit factors in E-services. A cost-benefit factor-relation model proposed in our previous study is considered as domain knowledge and the data collected through a survey is as evidence to conduct inference. Through calculating conditional probability distribution among factors and conducting inference, this paper identifies that certain cost factors are significantly more Important than others to certain benefit factors. In particular, this study found that 'increased investment in maintaining E-services' would significantly contribute to 'enhancing perceived company image' and 'gaining competitive advantages', and 'increased investment In staff training' would significant contribute to 'realizing business strategies'. These results have the potential to improve the strategic planning of companies by determining more effective investment areas and adopting more suitable development activities where Eservices are concerned.
Zheng, T, Liu, D & Wang, P 1970, 'Priority Based Dynamic Multiple Robot Path Planning', Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomous Robots and Agents (ICARA'04), International Conference on Autonomous Robots and Agents, Massey University, New Zealand, Palmerston North, New Zealand, pp. 373-378.
Zhenghua Yu & Jian Zhang 1970, 'Video deblocking with fine-grained scalable complexity for embedded mobile computing', Proceedings 7th International Conference on Signal Processing, 2004. Proceedings. ICSP '04. 2004., Proceedings 7th International Conference on Signal Processing, 2004. Proceedings. ICSP '04. 2004., IEEE, pp. 1173-1178.
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This paper addresses the need of reducing blocking artifacts after video decompression in embedded mobile computing devices such as mobile phones and PDAs with limited computational capability, where low bit rate coding is usually employed and video deblocking is highly desirable. A novel video deblocking method has been developed which consists of two steps: deblocking mode decision and deblock filtering. Blocking artifacts are detected by examining the value of several adjacent pixels. Depending on the degree of blocking artifacts, a filter mode and a corresponding filtering center are determined for a region of pixels. The deblocking filter is chosen from five different types of candidates including variable center filters and non-symmetric filters. Extensive experiments show that the proposed algorithm has achieved both lower computational complexity and better visual quality as compared to MPEG-4 VM. Furthermore, targeting the need of embedded mobile computing platforms, a scheme is developed to dynamically scale the complexity (and hence power consumption) of the deblocking algorithm with graceful visual quality degradation.
Zhou, H, Hoang, D, Nhan, P, Mirchandani, V & ieee 1970, 'Introducing feedback congestion control to a network with IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN', 2004 WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, WTS: Wireless Telecommunications Symposium, IEEE, Pomona, USA, pp. 61-66.
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The interpretation by Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) of loss of linkage as loss due to congestion causes significant inefficiency in a wireless network Congestion that often occurs in a wireless LAN results in further reduced performance. This paper introduces a method of controlling congestion in a network via a feedback mechanism called Fair Intelligent Congestion Control (FICC) which is useful for improving TCP performance in such a network FICC overcomes the inefficiency of TCP in misinterpreting the link loss as congestion loss. Simulation testing demonstrated that, by eliminating buffer overflows caused by congestions, FICC provides desirable fairness, reduces delay variation and improves effective throughput.
Zhou, H, Hoang, DB & Nhan, P 1970, 'A Scheme for Improving TCP Fairness and Throughput in Wireless Networks', Proceedings of the Australian Telecommunication Networks and Application Conference 2004, Australian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference, ATNAC, Bondi, Australia, pp. 576-581.
Zhou, H, Leis, J, Hoang, DB & Nhan, P 1970, 'Throughput and Fairness of Multiple TCP connections in Wireless Networks', Proceedings The 3rd Workshop on Internet, Telecommunications and Signal Processing WITSP'2004, Workshop on internet, telecommunications and signal processing, IEEE, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 273-276.
Zhou, J, Döring, A & Tönnies, KD 1970, 'Distance Based Enhancement for Focal Region Based Volume Rendering', Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2004, Algorithmen - Systeme - Anwendungen, Proceedings des Workshops vom 29. bis 30. März 2003 in Berlin, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 199-203.
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