BALL, JE 1994, 'THE INFLUENCE OF STORM TEMPORAL PATTERNS ON CATCHMENT RESPONSE', JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY, vol. 158, no. 3-4, pp. 285-303.
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BOHM, B, SCHOONEES, JA & BRAUN, RM 1994, 'DATA TO FREQUENCY MAPPINGS IN VARIOUS MSK SCHEMES', ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING JOURNAL, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 13-20.
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Minimum shift keying (MSK) is a digital modulation scheme which is suited to demanding applications requiring good bandwidth efficiency and error performance. It can be regarded as continuous phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK) with two signalling frequ
Briscoe, BJ & Thomas, PS 1994, 'Friction Energy Dissipation in Organic Films', Tribology Series, vol. 27, no. C, pp. 193-202.
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The paper speculates upon the molecular relaxation and dissipation mechanisms which may be responsible for the interface Theological characteristics of thin organic films. The molecular structure and interface rheology of a homologous series of poly(n-alkyl methacrylate)s are characterised for this purpose. These Theological properties are identified by the measurement of the interface shear strength, t as a function of the contact pressure. The molecular structure is deduced using vibrational spectroscopy. The Eyring model for molecular plastic flow is then applied and a correlation is drawn between the Theological and structural properties which are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms for the dissipation of the frictional energy. © 1994, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
CAO, HT, BUCEA, L & SIRIVIVATNANON, V 1994, 'INFLUENCE OF BINDER TYPE ON ANODIC-DISSOLUTION OF STEEL EMBEDDED IN CEMENT PASTES', CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 203-213.
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Catchpoole, DR & Stewart, BW 1994, 'Inhibition of topoisomerase II by aurintricarboxylic acid: implications for mechanisms of apoptosis.', Anticancer Res, vol. 14, no. 3A, pp. 853-856.
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Internucleosomal fragmentation of DNA, the most widely used biochemical indicator of apoptosis, is believed to contribute to loss of viability because the nuclease inhibitor, aurintricarboxylic acid, delays or prevents cell death in a range of experimental systems. We report here that auritricarboxylic acid inhibits topoisomerase II in vitro, the concentration required (< or = 0.2 microM) being less than that usually employed in studies of apoptosis. Since topoisomerase II mediates chromatin condensation during apoptosis, the efficacy of ATA in preventing or delaying cell death may not be the result of nuclease inhibition.
Dharmappa, HB, Fujiwara, O, Verink, J & Vigneswaran, S 1994, 'Water‐Treatment‐System Design for Turbidity Removal.', Journal of Environmental Engineering, vol. 120, no. 4, pp. 921-942.
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Dharmappa, HB, Vigneswaran, S, Verink, J & Fujiwara, O 1994, 'Water‐Treatment‐System Design for Turbidity Removal.', Journal of Environmental Engineering, vol. 120, no. 4, pp. 900-920.
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DISSANAYAKE, MWMG & GAL, JA 1994, 'Workstation planning for redundant manipulators', International Journal of Production Research, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 1105-1118.
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Dissanayake, MWMG & Phan‐Thien, N 1994, 'Neural‐network‐based approximations for solving partial differential equations', Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 195-201.
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AbstractA numerical method, based on neural‐network‐based functions, for solving partial differential equations is reported in the paper. Using a ‘universal approximator’ based on a neural network and point collocation, the numerical problem of solving the partial differential equation is transformed to an unconstrained minimization problem. The method is extremely easy to implement and is suitable for obtaining an approximate solution in a short period of time. The technique is illustrated with the aid of two numerical examples.
Dutkiewicz, E & Anido, G 1994, 'Performance evaluation of hierarchical control systems in switching exchanges', ATR. Australian telecommunication research, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 15-24.
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Optimal placement of software functionality in distributed control systems of switching exchanges can be used to achieve a cost effective design in the ISDN and IN environments. New telecommunications services have emerged which will place quite disparate processing demands on control systems, and the optimal system configuration will depend on the call mix to be supported by the exchange. Optimal function allocation can also be used to facilitate the evolution of existing control systems to broadband network applications without the need for high-cost system re-design. A simple control system model based on queueing networks, and able to capture the main features of the system, is proposed and used to investigate the effect of various system and call parameters on the optimal function allocation. The resultant algorithms can be used as evaluation tools allowing designers to compare the performance of candidate systems to satisfy particular specifications in a cost effective manner. Applying the model to a hierarchical control system shows the potential benefits of optimal function allocation.
George, SR, Zastawny, RL, Brionesurbina, R, Cheng, R, Nguyen, T, Heiber, M, Kouvelas, A, Chan, AS & Odowd, BF 1994, 'Distinct Distributions of Mu, Delta and Kappa Opioid Receptor mRNA in Rat Brain', Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 205, no. 2, pp. 1438-1444.
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We present a comprehensive comparison of the anatomical distributions of the cloned mu, delta and kappa opioid receptor mRNA in rat brain. Northern blot analysis revealed that mRNA species encoding the three receptors differed in size and were differentially localized in brain regions. In peripheral tissues analyzed, the 3 mRNA species were detected only in the spinal cord. The distributions of mu, delta and kappa receptor mRNA in rat brain were examined by in situ hybridization histochemistry using gene-specific probes. Mu receptor mRNA was predominately localized to thalamic, brainstem and reticular core nuclei and was highest in the habenular and thalamic nuclei. In contrast, kappa receptor mRNA was expressed in hippocampus including dentate gyrus, hypothalamic and some thalamic nuclei and also present in cortex, caudate putamen, olfactory tubercle and nucleus accumbens. Delta receptor mRNA was prominent in cerebral cortex, olfactory tubercle, hippocampus, caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens. These results show that the mRNA distribution for each opioid receptor subtype in brain is unique and correlate well with the known distribution of the corresponding opioid receptor binding sites. © 1994 Academic Press. Inc.
Guo, YJ 1994, 'Offset Fresnel lens antenna', IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, vol. 141, no. 6, pp. 517-517.
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An analysis of the offset Fresnel lens antenna is presented using the vectorial Kirchhoff diffraction theory. Equations for predicting the copolarized and crosspolarized radiation patterns are given. Two approaches to evaluating the far-field integration are introduced. Antenna performance such as the sidelobe and the crosspolarization levels is investigated. An experimental offset Fresnel lens is reported. Measured results agree well with the theoretical prediction.
Guo, YJ & Barton, SK 1994, 'Offset Fresnel zone plate antennas', International Journal of Satellite Communications, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 381-385.
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AbstractThe theory of offset Fresnel zone plate antennas is presented. Explicit formulae for the design of the zone boundaries for the offset Fresnel zone plate are given. Theorectical equations and numerical results for the far‐field analysis are presented. It is found that when the offset angle increases, the zone boundaries become more elliptic and the plate becomes more asymmetric in the E‐plane. With the number of full wave zones and the plate width in the W‐plane fixed, the plate width in the E‐plane increases with the offset angle, which keeps the projected aperture area constant. Within a limited range of offset angles, the offset configuration can be employed without degrading the radiation performance much. For large offset angles, however, the asymmetry of the configuration may lead to increased sidelobes and decreased antenna directivity. An experiment with one particular phase reversal zone plate antenna with 30° offset angle shows good agreement between the measured antenna pattern and the theoretical prediction.
Guo, YJ, Sassi, IH & Barton, SK 1994, 'Multilayer offset Fresnel zone plate reflector', IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 196-198.
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An offset phase-correcting Fresnel zone plate (FZP) reflector antenna based on the multilayer configuration is presented. The reflector consists of a conducting ground and four layers of conducting patterns separated by four dielectric substrates. An experimental prototype designed at 10.39 GHz was fabricated and tested. With a 0.32 m by 0.34 m elliptical reflector aperture and a pyramidal feedhorn, the antenna achieved –20-dB sidelobe level and 61% maximum efficiency. Compared with a phase reversal FZP of the same size, a 3.3-dB gain improvement and significant sidelobe reduction were obtained. © 1994 IEEE
HAWRYSZKIEWYCZ, I, KARAGIANNIS, D, MACIASZEK, L & TEUFEL, B 1994, 'RESPONSE — REQUIREMENTS SPECIFIC OBJECT MODEL FOR WORKGROUP COMPUTING', International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems, vol. 03, no. 03, pp. 293-318.
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Assisted by the client-server architectures, power of contemporary workstations, and new multimedia, database and communication techniques, the workgroup computing (perhaps better known as CSCW — Computer-Supported Cooperative Work) is bound to change the way people in organizations collaborate to achieve common goals. New computer technologies change the way the cooperative work is conducted and they frequently lead to new practices that increase inter-personal productivity and business efficiency. This article defines a conceptual and technological framework for a class of workgroup computing applications characterized by an asynchronous distributed interaction (different-time/different-place) during the development of shared artifacts. The proposed object model is called RESPONSE (REquirements SPecific Object Network System Environment). The model is 'requirements specific' as it aims specifically at one, albeit dominant, class of workgroup applications. A particular workgroup application, chosen as representative of our model and used in examples, is the co-authoring of documents. The proposed model determines functions and support required from hardware/ software platforms for workgroup computing. The object database component of such a platform is emphasized. A distributed management of versioned objects using four levels of workspaces is proposed. The model supports long transactions with persistent locks, checkout/checkin of versioned and unversioned objects, social and technical protocols to enhance the cooperation between users, etc. The workgroup interface for the RESPONSE model is also addressed.
Hoffman, D, Nguyen, T, O'Sullivan, A, Baxter, R & Ho, KY 1994, 'ITT and IGF-I in the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in adults', The Lancet, vol. 344, no. 8922, pp. 613-614.
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HUNG, WT, SHANNON, AG & THORNTON, BS 1994, 'THE USE OF A 2ND-ORDER RECURRENCE RELATION IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF BREAST-CANCER', FIBONACCI QUARTERLY, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 253-259.
Husain, M & Waldron, KJ 1994, 'Direct Position Kinematics of the 3-1-1-1 Stewart Platforms', Journal of Mechanical Design, vol. 116, no. 4, pp. 1102-1107.
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In this work, a closed from solution for the direct position kinematics problem of a special class of Stewart Platform is presented. This class of mechanisms has a general feature that the top platform is connected to the six limbs at four locations. Three limbs connect at one location and the remaining limbs connect to the top platform singly at three separate locations. The base platform is connected at six different locations as is the case in the general platform. This particular class of mechanism is termed as 3-1-1-1 mechanism in this paper. It has been shown that there are a maximum of sixteen real assembly configurations for the direct position kinematics problem. This has been verified using a geometric argument also. The numerical example solved in this paper demonstrates that it is possible to obtain a set of solutions which are all real.
Husain, M & Waldron, KJ 1994, 'Position Kinematics of a Three-Limbed Mixed Mechanism', Journal of Mechanical Design, vol. 116, no. 3, pp. 924-929.
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Although robotics has traditionally focused on the serial chain structures typical of industrial robots, fully parallel structures such as the Stewart Platform have also found considerable industrial use. Actively coordinated mechanisms which have combinations of serial and parallel characteristics have been practically employed, and can be expected to become more important in the future. There has been very little study of the kinematic and static characteristics of these mechanisms which have combinations of the characteristics of fully serial and fully parallel structures. This work addresses the direct and inverse position kinematics of such a hybrid mechanism with combination of serial and parallel structure which has multiple, actively controlled actuators. While not the most general possible configuration, this particular case does include many important features of the general mechanism, and the solution obtained gives useful insight for developing a general theory of forward and inverse kinematics which will be equally applicable to serial, parallel and combination structures. Such a theory is necessary for rational design of hardware and software for such systems.
Indraratna, B 1994, 'Geotechnical characterization of blended coal tailings for construction and rehabilitation work', Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 353-361.
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Coarse and fine refuse is produced by various coal processing equipment. The relatively wet fine tailings have limited use in construction activities and they are generally pumped as slurries into tailings ponds. The coarse rejects have a greater engineering applicability and are utilized in the construction of tailings dams and mine access roads as well as for landfill and ballast. This study investigates the fundamental engineering properties of blended tailings, whereby appropriate fractions of flotation tailings are mixed with cyclone rejects to produce an acceptable construction or rehabilitation fill. In particular, a practical procedure to optimize the blended ratios, is proposed on the basis of fundamental geotechnical testing. The applications of relevent tests are described, including Proctor compaction, California Bearing Ratios, triaxial and consolidation tests. The results confirm that blending of fines with coarse rejects enables enhanced dry densities associated with reduced permeabilities, higher shear and compressive strengths, lower consolidation settlements and increased bearing capacities. The addition of a small quantity of cement (2-5%) further improves the engineering properties of the blended matrix. -from Author
Indraratna, B 1994, 'The effect of normal stress-friction angle relationship on the stability analysis of a rockfill dam', Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 113-121.
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Accurate stability analysis must consider the variation of the angle of friction of rockfill with the confining pressure. In reality, with increasing depth of a rockfill dam, the apparent friction angle decreases, whereas near the surface it tends to be higher. Conventional methods which employ a constant friction angle throughout the depth of a rockfill shell often yield a lower factor of safety (conservative) for shallow slip planes. On the contrary, they produce a higher factor of safety for deepseated slips subjected to increased normal (confining) stresses. This paper compares the constant friction angle approach with the variable friction angle method based on the stability analysis of a large rockfill dam, and the associated practical implications are discussed. In the latter analysis, the effect of normal stress on the friction angle of rockfill is incorporated through experimental observations. © 1994 Chapman & Hall.
Indraratna, B, Balasubramaniam, AS & Ratnayake, P 1994, 'Performance of Embankment Stabilized with Vertical Drains on Soft Clay', Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 120, no. 2, pp. 257-273.
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Indraratna, B, Gasson, I & Chowdhury, RN 1994, 'Utilization of compacted coal tailings as a structural fill', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 614-623.
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Detailed laboratory investigations were conducted on coal tailings produced at Westcliff Colliery, New South Wales, Australia. Geotechnical tests were conducted to determine the particle-size distribution, mineralogy, compaction characteristics, compressive strength (California bearing ratio), shear resistance, and collapse potential. The tests show that compacted tailings have good potential as effective fill for embankments, tailings dams, mine access roads, and pavements. Large-scale utilization of these tailings for rehabilitation of subsidence-affected areas and mine backfill is particularly encouraging. It is demonstrated that this waste material can be efficiently compacted to produce acceptable engineering properties over a wide range of water contents. Although the behaviour of one specific type of tailings cannot be generalized to the diverse composition of other coal tailings, the results of this study assist in the interpretation of geotechnical data associated with nonconventional fill. The use of geotextiles in the stabilization of tailings is presented. The effect of moisture content and the number of geotextile layers on the shear strength parameters is investigated, and the influence of geotextiles on the failure modes of triaxial specimens is also discussed. Key words : California bearing ratio, coal tailings, compaction, geotextiles, structural fill, triaxial testing.
Indraratna, B, Wijewardena, LSS & Balasubramaniam, AS 1994, 'Discussion: Large-scale triaxial testing of greywacke rockfill', Géotechnique, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 539-543.
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Johnson, AG 1994, 'Do Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Affect Blood Pressure? A Meta-Analysis', Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 121, no. 4, pp. 289-289.
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Jones, G, Nguyen, T, Sambrook, P, Kelly, PJ & Eisman, JA 1994, 'Progressive loss of bone in the femoral neck in elderly people: longitudinal findings from the Dubbo osteoporosis epidemiology study', BMJ, vol. 309, no. 6956, pp. 691-695.
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Jones, G, Nguyen, T, Sambrook, PN, Kelly, PJ, Gilbert, C & Eisman, JA 1994, 'Symptomatic fracture incidence in elderly men and women: The Dubbo osteoporosis epidemiology study (DOES)', Osteoporosis International, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 277-282.
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K. Kwan, PY & Shannon, AG 1994, 'Reliability and validity of the estimates of the Rasch latent trait model', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 811-821.
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The reliability and validity of the Rasch latent trait model is examined when it is used in an educational environment. Effects of the size of candidature and of the variability of the difficulties of test items are considered. It is shown that a compromise has to be reached between these two criteria in order to assess the abilities of a wide range of candidatures. © 1994 Taylor & Francis Ltd.
LIU, YS & HOANG, DB 1994, 'OSI RPC MODEL AND PROTOCOL', COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 53-66.
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Remote procedure call (RPC) provides a useful paradigm for developing distributed applications. The growing use of RPC in developing distributed applications has resulted in international efforts to standardize RPC mechanisms to ensure future interoperab
LOGANATHAN, P, HEDLEY, MJ & BRETHERTON, MR 1994, 'THE AGRONOMIC VALUE OF CO-GRANULATED CHRISTMAS ISLAND GRADE-C PHOSPHATE ROCK AND ELEMENTAL SULFUR', FERTILIZER RESEARCH, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 229-237.
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Certain low grade phosphate rocks have low agronomic value as direct applied fertilizers and make poor quality superphosphates. With some rocks there is potential to increase their solubility in soils and hence the fertilizer value by mixing with finely divided elemental sulphur (S°). The agronomic value of a prototype 'low cost', granular P and S fertilizer, Christmas Island Grade C phosphate rock/elemental sulphur (Xmas C/S°), was compared against single superphosphate (SSP) and reactive phosphate rock (RPR)/S° dry blends, North Carolina phosphate rock/S° (NCPR/S°) and NCPR/50% S-super (granular SSP + 44% S°). An eight- month glasshouse trial using ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Nui), grown in a central yellow-grey earth (Aeric Fragiaqualf), indicated that fertilization with Xmas C/S° produced dry matter yields, between 54 to 73% and 10 to 40% lower than SSP and NCPR/S° blends respectively, and lower plant P and S uptake. Fertilization with Xmas C/S° however produced significantly higher yield and P and S uptake than unfertilized pots and pots receiving Xmas C PR and S° alone. The two RPR/S° dry blends, namely NCPR/S° and NCPR/50% S-super, produced significantly lower yield and P and S uptake than the same two fertilizers granulated with water. The difference in yields and P and S uptake between blends and granulated forms increased with time. The recovery of fertilizer P and S by plants ranged from 3 to 35% and 2 to 45% respectively with the lowest recoveries for Xmas C PR alone and S° alone and the highest for SSP and SSP + S°. During the period of plant growth the percentage of S° oxidised from the S°, Xmas C/S° co-granule, NCPR/S° physical blend and NCPR/S° granular treatments were 37, 32, 32 and 45% respectively. Field evaluations, or use, of the co-granule should consider it's slow P and S release rates. © 1994 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Lord, SR, Webster, IW, Sambrook, PN, Gilbert, C, Kelly, PJ, Nguyen, T & Eisman, JA 1994, 'Postural stability, falls and fractures in the elderly: results from the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study', Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 160, no. 11, pp. 684-691.
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Marchese, A, Docherty, JM, Nguyen, T, Heiber, M, Cheng, R, Heng, HHQ, Tsui, L-C, Shi, X, George, SR & O'Dowd, BF 1994, 'Cloning of Human Genes Encoding Novel G Protein-Coupled Receptors', Genomics, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 609-618.
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We report the isolation and characterization of several novel human genes encoding G protein-coupled receptors. Each of the receptors contained the familiar seven transmembrane topography and most closely resembled peptide binding receptors. Gene GPR1 encoded a receptor protein that is intronless in the coding region and that shared identity (43% in the transmembrane regions) with the opioid receptors. Northern blot analysis revealed that GPR1 transcripts were expressed in the human hippocampus, and the gene was localized to chromosome 15q21.6. Gene GPR2 encoded a protein that most closely resembled an interleukin-8 receptor (51% in the transmembrane regions), and this gene, not expressed in the six brain regions examined, was localized to chromosome 17q21.1-q21.3. A third gene, GPR3, showed identity (56% in the transmembrane regions) with a previously characterized cDNA clone from rat and was localized to chromosome 1p35-p36.1. © 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
Morrison, NA, Qi, JC, Tokita, A, Kelly, PJ, Crofts, L, Nguyen, TV, Sambrook, PN & Eisman, JA 1994, 'Prediction of bone density from vitamin D receptor alleles', Nature, vol. 367, no. 6460, pp. 284-287.
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Morrison, NA, Qi, JC, Tokita, A, Kelly, PJ, Crofts, L, Nguyen, TV, Sambrook, PN & Eisman, JA 1994, 'Prediction of Bone Density from Vitamin D Receptor Alleles', The Endocrinologist, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 320-320.
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Nanua, P & Waldron, KJ 1994, 'Instability and Chaos in Quadruped Gallop', Journal of Mechanical Design, vol. 116, no. 4, pp. 1096-1101.
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A dynamic model for the two-dimensional quadruped has been developed. The main body is modelled as a rigid bar and each leg consists of a constant stiffness spring, a viscous damper and a force actuator. Based on symmetry principles, a controller has been devised that will enable the quadruped to gallop at constant speed. The controller consists of two parts: an energy controller which will apply the required amount of force through the legs, and the speed controller that will control the forward speed by appropriately placing the legs. It will be shown that the body pitch need not be explicitly controlled. The stability of this controller will be examined using Poincare maps. Stable systems show either periodic or quasi-periodic response. This system also exhibits chaotic behavior and chaotic response results in instability. The stability of the system with changes in the initial conditions, as well as variations in the system parameters, will also be examined. It will be shown that the system is stable for a range of leg stiffnesses. Outside this range, the system shows chaotic behavior.
Nguyen, T, Jones, G, Sambrook, P, Kelly, P, Lord, S, Freund, J & Eisman, J 1994, 'Authors' reply', BMJ, vol. 308, no. 6923, pp. 274-275.
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Nguyen, TV, Kelly, PJ, Sambrook, PN, Gilbert, C, Pocock, NA & Eisman, JA 1994, 'Lifestyle factors and bone density in the elderly: Implications for osteoporosis prevention', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 1339-1346.
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Abstract Epidemiologic evidence suggests that lifestyle factors, such as exercise, calcium intake, and tobacco consumption, have effects on bone density. However, the influence of these factors in the elderly has not been well documented. To examine the effects of lifestyle factors in the elderly, we measured bone density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and proximal femur in 709 elderly men and 1080 women participating in the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology study (DOES), a community-based, longitudinal, epidemiologic study of osteoporosis in men and women over the age of 60. BMD was significantly higher in men than in women (20% at all sites). There was an age-related decline in BMD at the femoral neck in both sexes and at the lumbar spine in women. Between the ages of 60 and 80, the decrease in BMD at the femoral neck among women was 18.9%, which is almost twice the decrease in BMD among men (10.1%). Tobacco consumption was associated with a reduction in BMD at both sites in both sexes (5-8%), and this effect was independent of calcium intake or body weight. Exsmokers had BMD intermediate between that of current smokers and never smokers, suggesting the influence of tobacco was partially reversible. Quadriceps strength predicted bone density at the proximal femur in elderly men but not in women. Analyzing BMD (adjusted for age and weight) in tertiles of muscle strength and calcium intake revealed an interaction between calcium intake and muscle strength on bone density; BMD at the femoral neck among those with higher quadriceps strength and calcium intake was approximately 5% higher (P < 0.05) than in those with low quadriceps strength and calcium intake in both men and women. These data indicate that lifestyle factors, such as tobacco consumption, calcium intake, and physical activity, may influence bone density in the elderly. Modification of these lifestyle factors may influence osteoporotic fracture ...
Ni, W, Xia, JS & Adams, ED 1994, 'Spin-wave velocity, entropy, and magnetization in bcc solidHe3', Physical Review B, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 336-339.
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Parfitt, AM, Nguyen, TV, Kelly, PJ, Morrison, NA, Sambrook, PN, Eisman, JA, Melhus, H, Kindmark, A & Ljunghall, S 1994, 'Vitamin D receptor genotypes in osteoporosis', The Lancet, vol. 344, no. 8936, pp. 1580-1581.
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PRASANTHI, H, VIGNESWARAN, S, WAITE, TD & BENAIM, R 1994, 'FILTRATION OF SUBMICRON PARTICLES - EFFECT OF IONIC-STRENGTH AND ORGANIC-SUBSTANCES', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 149-158.
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Hematite (-Fe2O3) suspension was used in this study to investigate the effects of aggregate size and solution chemical characteristics on particle removal and headloss development in a deep bed filter. When electrolyte (KCl) concentration in the suspension was increased from 0-80 mM, the size of hematite aggregates in suspension increased from 85 to 990 nM but had no significant effect on zeta potential. It was found that at low KCl concentrations (0-10 mM), the initial removal is governed by surface chemical properties while at higher concentrations (40-80 mM), the effect of particle size (steric effect) predominates. The transient stage filter performance was found to be controlled by the favourable chemical conditions prevailing in the filtration system rather than the size of the particles. Studies of the effect of a natural organic material (fulvic acid) on particle removal indicated that fulvic acid at low concentrations (less than 0.75 mg/L) enhanced particle aggregation and improved filtration efficiency. At concentrations higher than 2 mg/L, it was found to increase the stability of particles thus affecting filtration efficiency.
Sambrook, PN, Kelly, PJ, Fontana, D, Nguyen, T, Keogh, A, Macdonald, P, Spratt, P, Freund, J & Eisman, JA 1994, 'Mechanisms of rapid bone loss following cardiac transplantation', Osteoporosis International, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 273-276.
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Shannon, AG & Horadam, AF 1994, 'Arrowhead curves in a tree of Pythagorean triples', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 255-261.
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Pythagorean triples and recurrence relations occur in many parts of mathematics. This paper links them in a way which reveals an underlying pattern of 'arrowhead curves', © 1994 Taylor & Francis Ltd.
SHANNON, AG & OWENS, DR 1994, 'MODELING METABOLIC CURVES', DIABETES CARE, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 1225-1225.
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SHANNON, AG, HOGG, JM, OLLERTON, RL, LUZIO, S & OWENS, DR 1994, 'A MATHEMATICAL-MODEL OF INSULIN-SECRETION', IMA JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS APPLIED IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 245-266.
Shimizu, J, Miyanaga, Y & Tochinai, K 1994, 'Decimation ratio in subband adaptive identification of a time‐varying AR model', Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science), vol. 77, no. 11, pp. 78-90.
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AbstractThis paper presents some conditions to determine decimation ratio in subband adaptive identification of a time‐varying system. It has been reported in some experiments that a large decimation ratio is not suitable for subband identification of a time‐varying system. However, theoretical conditions for a maximally decimated ratio in a time‐varying system have not to date been reported.A short‐time invariant model is the starting point for this research. The relation between a forgetting factor used in the recursive weighted least‐squares (RWLS) algorithm and a time variation of the time‐varying system are derived. Then, new forgetting factors are derived for the multirate processing case. Using a convergence property provided by these forgetting factors, theoretical conditions are obtained having parameters estimated from decimated signals that are as accurate as those from all observed signals. The propriety of these conditions is demonstrated using simulations.
Sreenivasan, SV & Waldron, KJ 1994, 'A Drift-Free Navigation System for a Mobile Robot Operating on Unstructured Terrain', Journal of Mechanical Design, vol. 116, no. 3, pp. 894-900.
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The orientation and the angular rates of the body of a robotic vehicle are required for the guidance and control of the vehicle. In the current robotic systems these quantities are obtained by the use of inertial sensing systems. Inertial sensing systems involve drift errors which can be significant even after the vehicle has traversed only short distances on the terrain. A different approach is suggested here which guarantees accurate, drift-free sensing of the angular position and rates of the vehicle body. A camera system consisting of two cameras in fixed relationship to one another is made to continuously track two stationary objects (stars or the sun). The camera system is mounted on the vehicle body through an actuated three-degree-of-freedom joint. The angular positions and rates of these joints can be used to evaluate the angular positions and rates of the vehicle body. An estimate of the absolute position of the vehicle on the terrain can also be obtained from this sensing system. This can serve as the primary system for estimating the position of a vehicle on a planet, or as an inexpensive alternative/backup to a more accurate Global Positioning System (GPS) for estimating the position of a vehicle on earth.
Sreenivasan, SV, Waldron, KJ & Nanua, P 1994, 'Closed-form direct displacement analysis of a 6-6 Stewart platform', Mechanism and Machine Theory, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 855-864.
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The direct displacement analysis of a class of 6-6 Stewart platforms is considered here. Even though this is not the most general possible configuration, it has many of the advantages of the general configuration, and includes several useful arrangements
Tokita, A 1994, 'Genetic influences on type I collagen synthesis and degradation: further evidence for genetic regulation of bone turnover', Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 78, no. 6, pp. 1461-1466.
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Tokita, A, Kelly, PJ, Nguyen, TV, Qi, JC, Morrison, NA, Risteli, L, Risteli, J, Sambrook, PN & Eisman, JA 1994, 'Genetic influences on type I collagen synthesis and degradation: further evidence for genetic regulation of bone turnover.', The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 78, no. 6, pp. 1461-1466.
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Circulating osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, is under strong genetic influence, and this effect is related to the genetic influence on bone density. To examine genetic influences on bone turnover further, other markers of bone formation (serum carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen, PICP), bone resorption (serum pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen, ICTP), and nonosseous connective tissue synthesis (serum aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen, PIIINP) were studied in 82 female twin pairs: 42 monozygotic (MZ) and 40 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs (mean age, MZ; 48.4 yr; DZ; 45.6 yr). The intraclass correlation coefficients of MZ twin pairs, rMZ, for serum PICP (0.78) and serum ICTP (0.68) were significantly greater than the corresponding rDZ (0.31 and 0.36, respectively), but a genetic effect on serum PIIINP was not demonstrable. Within DZ twin pair differences in serum PICP predicted differences in lumbar spine bone density (r = -0.37); higher serum PICP levels indicating the twin with the lower lumbar spine bone density. Also within pair differences in serum ICTP and PICP predicted differences in bone density at the lumbar spine independent of serum osteocalcin. These data indicate that both synthesis and degradation of type I collagen are genetically determined and that this phenomenon is related to the genetic regulation of bone density. © 1994 by The Endocrine Society.
Tuan, HD 1994, 'Contingent and Intermediate Tangent Cones in Hyperbolic Differential Inclusions and Necessary Optimality Conditions', Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol. 185, no. 1, pp. 86-106.
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Veitch, D 1994, 'Renormalization of C0 bimodal maps', Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 269-284.
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Voinov, A, Cibuzar, A & Nawrocki, T 1994, 'Sustainable Development on a Watershed Scale Russian Case Study—Pronya River', Lake and Reservoir Management, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 46-50.
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Waldron, KJ 1994, 'Solution Rectification in Three Position Motion Generation Synthesis', Journal of Mechanical Design, vol. 116, no. 1, pp. 88-91.
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In this paper the theory of solution rectification in motion generation synthesis of four-bar linkages is strengthened by presenting the mapping of the three-circle diagram into the center-point plane. This mapping may be used in conjunction with the corresponding mapping of the Filemon construction to eliminate solutions which must change branch to move through all of the design positions when cranks are generated by selecting their center-points. Earlier versions of the theory required that cranks be generated by selection of their circle-points.
Walker, JS, Nguyen, TV & Day, RO 1994, 'Clinical response to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in urate‐ crystal induced inflammation: a simultaneous study of intersubject and intrasubject variability.', British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 341-347.
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1. It is well known that an individual subject often responds preferentially to a particular nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) and clinical response to these drugs is characterised by considerable variability between individuals. Variability in response has often been attributed to the episodic nature of musculoskeletal disease. Few studies have studied intrasubject variability in response to these drugs using a multiple crossover design. A major difficulty has been the lack of objective, validated measures of inflammation sensitive to NSAIDs. The primary aim of the present study was to test the utility of urate‐crystal induced inflammation as a tool to predict NSAID response in humans. 2. An inflammatory reaction was established in twenty‐five healthy subjects with intradermal injection of urate crystals on four separate occasions separated by 1 week. Each subject was randomly assigned to receive either ibuprofen on two of these occasions (800 mg four times over 36 h) or matched placebo on the other two occasions using a double‐blind, cross‐over design. Decrease in the area under the wheal size‐time curve was used to indicate anti‐ inflammatory response. 3. Peak inflammatory response was observed at about 32 h and had dissipated by 56 h post‐urate injection. The logarithmic mean wheal area was significantly lower after ibuprofen (mean +/‐ s.e. mean; 6.74 +/‐ 0.09) compared with placebo (6.96 +/‐ 0.07 mm h); a difference of 20% (95% confidence interval for difference: 1 to 35%; P < 0.05). 4. There was marked intra‐ and intersubject variability in response to ibuprofen over the four treatment periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Wan, SW & Nguyen, HT 1994, '50Hz interference and noise in ECG recordings--a review.', Australas Phys Eng Sci Med, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 108-115.
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In this review paper, a simplified model is used to explain the various ways by which 50Hz interference can disturb electrocardiogram recordings. From the model, noise expressions are also derived which explain sources of noise in recordings. Means of minimising the 50Hz interference and noise with emphasis placed on skin abrasion and right-leg drive circuits are discussed. An add-on circuit which can be used with existing amplifiers to improve their performance is shown. Previous interference analysis has concentrated on 2-input differential amplifiers, however in modern hospitals, a wide variety of amplifier configurations are used. An example is the Wilson Central Terminal which is used to obtain a zero potential in body surface mapping applications. In this review it is shown with an example for an ECG amplifier incorporating a Wilson Central Terminal, how it is easy to extend the interference model to other applications.
ZHANG, C, YANG, JIE, CHEN, X & GUO, Y 1994, 'A NEW DESIGN PRINCIPLE FOR POLE-CHANGING WINDING-THE THREE-EQUATION PRINCIPLE', Electric Machines & Power Systems, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 187-199.
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Zhou, JL, Rowland, S, Fauzi, R, Mantoura, C & Braven, J 1994, 'The formation of humic coatings on mineral particles under simulated estuarine conditions—A mechanistic study', Water Research, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 571-579.
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BABISTER, KM, BALL, JE & INST ENGINEERS, A 1970, 'A REVIEW OF NUMERICAL PROCEDURES FOR ROUTING UNSTEADY FLOWS ALONG A DRY BED', 1994 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYDRAULICS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING - HYDRAULICS WORKING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT, PREPRINTS OF PAPERS, 1994 International Conference on Hydraulics in Civil Engineering - Hydraulics Working with the Environment, INST ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA, UNIV QUEENSLAND BRISBANE, BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 43-48.
Ball, JE, Hogan, PM, Batley, GE & Brockbank, C 1970, 'Assessing the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff from road surfaces', National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia, pp. 299-304.
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The community is concerned about many aspects of the aquatic environment. Recently the focus of this attention has been the contamination of water bodies arising from stormwater runoff. Discussed herein is a project currently being undertaken by the Department of Water Engineering of the School of Civil Engineering at the University of New South Wales and the Centre for Advanced Analytical Chemistry, CSIRO which is studying stormwater runoff from road surfaces. A particular focus of this study is development of an understanding of the removal of heavy metal pollutant constituents such as Pb, Cu, Zn. A review of available data concluded that insufficient data were available to enable the processes involved to be understood and hence there was a need to establish a field gauging station specific to this problem. Presented in this paper are some details of the field gauging station installed as part of this project and some preliminary information obtained from it.
Bawab, S, Kinzel, GL & Waldron, KJ 1970, 'Rectified synthesis of six-bar mechanisms with well defined transmission angles for four-position motion generation', American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Design Engineering Division (Publication) DE, pp. 253-262.
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This paper describes a rectified synthesis method where a rigid body of a six-bar linkage with well-defined transmission angles is guided to pass through four precision positions. The procedure includes the elimination of circuit, branch, and order defects. This is achieved by decomposing the six-bar mechanism into groups of vector pairs called dyads and groups of three vectors called triads which are rectified using the algebraic method of synthesis. The procedure has been implemented for a Watt I crank-driven six-bar linkage in the interactive synthesis package RECSYN.
Bawab, S, Kinzel, GL & Waldron, KJ 1970, 'Rectified Synthesis of Six-Bar Mechanisms With Well Defined Transmission Angles for Four-Position Motion Generation', 23rd Biennial Mechanisms Conference: Mechanism Synthesis and Analysis, ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium, American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
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Abstract This paper describes a rectified synthesis method where a rigid body of a six-bar linkage with well-defined transmission angles is guided to pass through four precision positions. The procedure includes the elimination of circuit, branch, and order defects. This is achieved by decomposing the six-bar mechanism into groups of vector pairs called dyads and groups of three vectors called triads which are rectified using the algebraic method of synthesis. The procedure has been implemented for a Watt I crank-driven six-bar linkage in the interactive synthesis package RECSYN.
BAWEJA, D, SIRIVIVATNANON, V, GROSS, W & LAURIE, G 1970, 'High-performance Australian concretes for marine applications', HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE - PROCEEDINGS, ACI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, ACI International Conference on High-Performance Concrete, AMER CONCRETE INST, SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE, pp. 363-377.
Biggs, CJ, Brookes, W & Indulska, J 1970, 'Enhancing interoperability of DCE applications: a type management approach', Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Services for Distributed and Networked Environments, IEEE Workshop on Services for Distributed and Networked Environments, IEEE Comput. Soc. Press, pp. 50-57.
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© 1994 IEEE. The paper presents an enhancement to the OSF DCE platform for distributed computing that is designed to enhance interoperability of applications. Concepts from Open Distributed Processing have been taken, extended and applied to DCE to improve the capacity for late binding, system evolution, resource discovery and software reusability. The paper analyzes approaches to application interoperability in a number of distributed computing platforms and based on the results, describes an enhancement for the DCE platform. The paperfocuses on one component of this enhancement: a type manager that will be able to canonically describe types of interacting objects and types of relationships between them.
Cucchiara, R, Di Stefano, L, Monacelli, M, Piccardi, M & Rustichelli, G 1970, 'A parallel vision subsystem for robotic inspection and manipulation', Proceedings of IECON'94 - 20th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IECON'94 - 20th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE, pp. 862-866.
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The paper describes an SIMD massively parallel computer conceived for robot vision, and presents an application where the system is installed on a mobile robot to support inspection and manipulation tasks. The system consists of a scalable array of up to 4K single-bit processors controlled by a general-purpose microcomputer through a dedicated interface. The system's architecture is overviewed, addressing the available prototype as well as the functional units currently under design. We provide examples of image analysis goals that can be efficiently reached using spatially-organized parallel architectures such as SIMD array and give measurements of present performances. Using code profiles we also evaluate the speedup associated with the configuration being designed.
Cuthbert, J, Crawford, B & Braun, RM 1970, 'A multi-oscillator approach to CPFSK signal creation', Proceedings of COMSIG '94 - 1994 South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, COMSIG '94 - 1994 South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, IEEE, pp. 20-23.
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The development of a MSK modulator/demodulator by Massey [1] and the Hodgart and Schoones implementation [2] has prompted the development of a multi-oscillator multi-h modulator/demodulator. The approach taken has been an investigation and extension of basic CPFSK multi-oscillator modulator/demodulator design using digital logic. In this paper the multi-oscillator MSK modulator as developed by Massey [1] is first re-examined before introducing the scheme developed by Crawford [3]. Thereafter elements of the related digital logic demodulator design are discussed.
Davidson, AM, van de Groenendaal, J & Braun, RM 1970, 'A novel code phase synchronization network for direct sequence spread spectrum', Proceedings of COMSIG '94 - 1994 South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, COMSIG '94 - 1994 South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, IEEE, pp. 95-98.
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Direct sequence spread spectrum systems require that the receiver's replica of the spreading waveform be in code-phase and frequency lock with that of the transmitter's. Present methods of achieving synchronization involve correlation and energy detection. This paper presents the development of an alternative synchronization network. The network is a novel robust feedback loop where the input is the differentiated transmitter pseudo-noise sequence. The effects of these positive and negative going voltage spikes modulate the receiver clock until lock is achieved. The loop is further adapted to a data driven environment.
GAY, V, LEYDEKKERS, P & INTVELD, RH 1970, 'SPECIFICATION OF AUDIO VIDEO EXCHANGE BASED ON THE REFERENCE MODEL OF ODP', BROADBAND ISLANDS '94 - CONNECTING WITH THE END-USER, 3rd International Conference on Broadband Islands - Connecting with the End-User, ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V, HAMBURG, GERMANY, pp. 179-191.
Golda, PJ, Benzakein, A, van de Groenendaal, JG & Braun, RM 1970, 'VLSI appropriate design of a trace-back Viterbi decoder', Proceedings of COMSIG '94 - 1994 South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, COMSIG '94 - 1994 South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, IEEE, pp. 76-80.
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This paper concerns the research into the implementation of an efficient Viterbi algorithm for the decoding of convolutional codes. The original algorithm, as presented by Truong in his 1992 paper, is described, with many new points being noted. A detailed discussion of the improvements made to the algorithm follows, along with a full example of the operation of the algorithm.
Hadgraft, RG & Daniell, TM 1970, 'Obtaining the art of hydrological modelling using problem based learning', National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia, pp. 645-650.
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The development, the positive aspects, the negative aspects and the useability of particular hydrologic models have been discussed extensively at recent conferences. In discussing hydrological modelling, and areas that need to be addressed, it becomes increasingly obvious that the real problem is not so much inadequate models, as inadequate users. Training and education of the users are increasingly important, and this paper attempts to describe an approach that rather than teaching models, encourages the art and skills of modelling. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a way of reversing the present trend of pushing more direct content into the courses; one aspect is to teach a process such as modelling, as well as a selection of models. Models will come and go, but modelling is a skill that will continue. In Problem Based Learning, a problem is presented in its context as much as possible. Several concepts may be incorporated into a single problem. With the choice of problem based learning, the student modeller is confronted immediately with the big issues, rather than hydrological processes. The connection of the problems and the topics is shown in this paper via a concept map, indicating appropriate interrelationships. Monash University has already moved its hydrology course at third year somewhat along the lines of PBL. Environmental Engineering programs, which encompass much of the hydrology courses within their frameworks, are shown to be particularly appropriate for this method of learning.
Hawryszkiewycz, I 1970, 'A generalized semantic model for CSCW systems', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 93-102.
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The paper describes a method for modeling CSCW systems. The method is general in the sense that it caters for the entire spectrum of CSCW work and is based on both theoretical foundations as well as empiric principles. A three level model is proposed, a high level interaction model, a detailed elaboration of model constructs and behaviour based on state transitions.
Katergaris, J & Hadgraft, R 1970, 'Uncertainty in basic data and its effect on hydrological studies', National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia, pp. 199-204.
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The objective of this study was to estimate the uncertainty in basic streamflow data through the use of confidence limits. The intention was to then determine how this uncertainty propagates through a typical hydrological study - in this case, a simple flood frequency analysis. Based on rating curves from several stations, the uncertainty was of the order of 10-20% of the flow values. When these errors were passed through a flood frequency study, the width of the confidence intervals increased in width by 15-30%. This paper is one step in drawing attention to the importance of uncertainty in hydrological investigations. Although some papers have attempted to assign uncertainty in the results of particular studies, few also consider the uncertainty associated with the basic data on which the study rests.
Kervella, B, Gay, V & Horlait, E 1970, 'Towards a complete multimedia mail: Use of MHEG in standard messaging systems', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 1-13.
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© 1994, Springer Verlag. All Rights Reserved. This paper addresses multimedia aspects in messaging services. It highlights the functionalities that are missing to provide what we call a complete multimedia mail service and it gives standard solutions to integrate those additional functionalities in standard messaging systems. A complete multimedia messaging system does not provide only means to exchange simple multimedia messages having a reasonable size. It should first enable the transfer of multimedia information, directly or by references (e.g. for huge message). In case it uses a reference, files may be retrieved in connected mode. This is, in fact, already included in most messaging systems. Second, it should also be open to the introduction of new media types. This requires the introduction of functionalities to prevent the fact some workstations cannot support those media types. Third, it should enable the composition, the exchange and the presentation of formatted multimedia messages. MIME and X.400-based solutions are presented for the two first issues. For the third issue, we have chosen MHEG as a basis. This future standard is promising and this paper presents how to implement MHEG functionalities in messaging systems.
Leydekkers, P & Gay, V 1970, 'Multimedia Conferencing Services in an Open Distributed Environment.', IWACA, Springer, pp. 339-352.
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© 1994, Springer Verlag. All rights reserved. Distributed Processing Environments (DPE) or platforms are regarded as the future telecommunication architecture [1] on which distributed applications such as Multimedia Conferencing (MMC) services will operate. Using the DPE as target telecommunication platform, an important issue for MMC designers is the specification of generic MMC interfaces. This enables MMC users to access, in a distribution transparent way, a wide range of MMC services, that conform to these interface specifications. This paper proposes a classification of MMC services by means of three generic interface templates. These interface templates describe in an implementation independent way the functionality and management related to MMC services. The paper discusses also a possible implementation of these interfaces. Techniques and concepts are used as proposed by RM-ODP [2] and TINA-C [1].
Logé, C, Gay, V & Horlait, E 1970, 'Computational components for synchronous cooperation on multimedia information', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 89-102.
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© 1994, Springer Verlag. All Rights Reserved. Nowadays, the design of cooperative applications is becoming more complex due to the introduction of real time cooperation and multimedia aspects. To ease and accelerate the development of these applications it is necessary to build modular and reusable functional components that can be used by application designers. The objective of this paper is to define some of those functional components. They will be integrated in the cooperative applications to ensure the synchronous cooperation on multimedia objects. For openness and possible wide use in an open distributed heterogeneous environment, the specification of those components is based on the computational language of the Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RMODP).
Ni, W, Xia, JS & Adams, ED 1970, 'Thermodynamic properties of bcc solid3He near the ordering transitions', Physica B: Condensed Matter, 20th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics, Elsevier BV, OR, EUGENE, pp. 941-942.
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Nkambule, VO & Braun, RM 1970, 'Power spectral density of duobinary-signalled minimum shift keying (MSK) with arbitrary pulse shaping', pp. 16-19.
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We present a general method for computing the power spectral density (PSD) of a partial-response, continuous phase modulated (CPM), constant-envelope signal. The modulation scheme employed is minimum shift keying (MSK). The frequency modulating signals are a random baseband pulse train in which the arbitrary pulse is time limited. Random data symbols transmitted during different time slots are assumed to be identically distributed and statistically independent.
Oppermann, I & Vucetic, BS 1970, 'Complex pseudo random spreading sequences with a wide range of correlation properties', 1994 IEEE GLOBECOM. Communications: The Global Bridge, 1994 IEEE GLOBECOM. Communications: The Global Bridge, IEEE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA, pp. 1738-1742.
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Oppermann, I & Vucetic, BS 1970, 'Complex valued spreading sequences with good cross-correlation properties', IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques & Applications, pp. 500-504.
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This paper examines the performance of sets of Pseudo Random (PR) Sequences using the criterion of least mean-square (MS) values of the aperiodic cross-correlation (CC). The MS correlation values are averaged over all elements in the set rather than the more traditional approach of taking the MS correlation values of randomly selected elements as representative. This is intended to give an indication of the performance of the set as a whole. This paper introduces a new family of constant amplitude, complex valued sequences designed using the criterion of least MS value of the CC values of all sequences in the set. This family of sequences is compared with well known sequences on the basis of correlation values and frequency characteristics and is shown to offer a wider range and better combination of correlation values. The paper also provides a limit on the lower bound of the value of the MS CC for the new family of complex sequences and members of the family are given for which the average MS value of the CC asymptotically approaches this bound. The potential tradeoff of CC values for auto-correlation (AC) is also illustrated.
Oppermann, I & Vucetic, BS 1970, 'Spread spectrum multiple-access system using orthogonal PN sequences and convolutional coding', National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia, pp. 103-108.
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This paper considers the performance of a Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) system in which each user has multiple pseudo-noise (PN) sequences available for the spreading process. Information is thus transmitted through phase modulation of the sequence and the choice of the sequence itself. The sequences used are Orthogonal Gold (OG) sequences and are described in this paper. This paper also considers the performance of this M-ary sequence system with convolutional encoding. The code rates are chosen so that for each data bit, the number of coded bits produced matches the number of bits associated with the choice of spreading sequence. Simulation shows that using this method, it is possible to not only increase the capacity of the system over the conventional 'uncoded' DSSS-MA system, but also allow more independent users to share the system at any time.
Oppermann, I, Rapajic, P & Vucetic, BS 1970, 'Pseudo random sequences with good cross-correlation properties', National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia, pp. 1001-1006.
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This paper examines the performance of particular sets of Pseudo Random (PR) Sequences constructed using the criterion of least mean-square values of the aperiodic cross-correlation. The criterion is modified slightly from previous publications to involve the average mean-square correlation values of the sequences in the set rather than simply taking the mean-square correlation values of randomly selected elements as representative. This paper introduces a new set of constant amplitude, poly-phase sequences designed using the criterion of least mean-square value of the cross-correlation values of all sequences in the set. The paper also provides a limit on the lower bound of the value of the mean-square cross-correlation for the new set of poly-phase sequences. It is shown that a subset of one of these new sequence sets asymptotically approaches this lower bound.
Prasanthi, H, Vigneswaran, S, Waite, TD & Aim, RB 1970, 'Filtration of submicron particles: effect of ionic strength and organic substances', Water Science and Technology, IWA Publishing, pp. 149-158.
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Hematite (α-Fe2O3) suspension was used in this study to investigate the effects of aggregate size and solution chemical characteristics on particle removal and headloss development in a deep bed filter. When electrolyte (KCl) concentration in the suspension was increased from 0-80 mM, the size of hematite aggregates in suspension increased from 85 to 990 nM but had no significant effect on zeta potential. It was found that at low KCl concentrations (0-10 mM), the initial removal is governed by surface chemical properties while at higher concentrations (40-80 mM), the effect of particle size (steric effect) predominates. The transient stage filter performance was found to be controlled by the favourable chemical conditions prevailing in the filtration system rather than the size of the particles.
Studies of the effect of a natural organic material (fulvic acid) on particle removal indicated that fulvic acid at low concentrations (less than 0.75 mg/L) enhanced particle aggregation and improved filtration efficiency. At concentrations higher than 2 mg/L, it was found to increase the stability of particles thus affecting filtration efficiency.
Roper, H, Sirivivatnanon, V & Baweja, D 1970, 'Long-term performance of portland and blended cement concretes under morine conditions', American Concrete Institute, ACI Special Publication, pp. 331-351.
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Specifications relating to concrete durability have been emphasised in many recent codes of practice governing the design of concrete structures. Typical examples of this trend are noted in Australian Standard AS 3600, British Standard BS 8110 and a Guide to Durable Concrete reported by ACI Committee 201. Apart from the requirements of higher strength grades to ensure required minimum water: Cement ratios for aggressive environment exposures, some advantages offered by the use of blended cements have been recognised in these documents. The use of blended slag and fly ash cements is increasing worldwide and specific information on the long-term performance of such concretes in high chloride environments is needed. This paper presents data on the long-term corrosion characteristics in high chloride environments of reinforcement within a series of concretes individually incorporating a high C3A ordinary portland cement, a low C3A cement, a slag blended cement and an ASTM Class F fly ash blended cement. The concrete performance has been assessed using electrochemical monitoring of corrosion of the embedded reinforcement by potentiodynarnic anodic polarisation and the concrete resistivity. Factors that significantly influence the corrosion rate of the reinforcement include the concrete water: Binder ratio, the binder type and the resistivity. Comments are made regarding current North American, British and Australian specifications for concrete under marine service conditions. From the data presented, the specification for long-term durability of concrete for marine conditions could be based on concrete resistivity with a suggested limit of around 5000 ohm cm at 28 days.
Sheng, D, Axelsson, K & Knutsson, S 1970, 'Estimation of frost heave for stratified soil profile', GROUND FREEZING 94, 7th International Symposium on Ground Freezing, A A BALKEMA, LAB REG PONTS & CHAUSSEES, NANCY, FRANCE, pp. 129-141.
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An operational model for estimation of frost heave in field where stratified soil profile occurs is presented. The model is developed from the research model described and verified by Sheng and Knutsson (1993). Soil layers are first classified into frost-susceptible layers (FSL) or non-frost-susceptible layers (NFSL). In an FSL, both heat flow and water flow are considered and ice lensing can occur. In a NFSL, only heat flow is possible and no ice lensing is allowed. The governing equations for heat and mass transfer are established for the time period when the frost front is moving within FSL. Capillarity and unsaturation are also considered. The operational model is verified by field measurements of heave amounts. The computed values of heave are in good agreement with the measured data. The applicability of the model to solving practical problems is demonstrated through example problems. The effectiveness of the commonly-used insulating materials in reducing frost heave is evaluated. The differential frost heave caused by the snow cover on road shoulders is estimated, as a function of the snow thickness. The effect of the ground water table on frost heave is also studied.
Siriwardena, L & Hadgraft, R 1970, 'Regional flood frequency in Victoria', National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia, pp. 247-252.
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This study shows the difficulty in incorporating regional skews in flood frequency analysis in Australia, as they are inconsistent, unstable and very subjective to elimination of low outliers, especially when estimated from short records. A regional procedure of flood estimation was also developed by regression of standardised 100-yr flood estimates against mean annual rainfall. Only 30% of stations yielded better estimates from the regional procedure compared to the at-site procedure of a fitted LP-III distribution.
Sreenivasan, SV & Waldron, KJ 1970, 'Displacement analysis of an articulated wheeled vehicle configuration on uneven terrain', Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference, pp. 393-402.
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In difficult terrain, actively coordinated vehicle systems offer significant potential for enhanced mobility and improved system performance. The configuration of an actively actuated wheeled vehicle system on uneven terrain is greatly affected by the local terrain geometry. Since issues such as vehicle stability, coordination, and control are affected by the configuration the locomotion system assumes on the terrain, it is important to study the position kinematics of actively actuated wheeled vehicles. Here a multi-module articulated wheeled vehicle configuration operating on uneven terrain has been considered. The kinematic mobility of this configuration on uneven terrain has been studied and the displacement analysis of the resulting hybrid series-parallel chain has been performed. Polynomial equations that represent the constrained motion of the vehicle on the terrain have been obtained. It has been shown that the configuration of the first module of the articulated chain can be obtained by solving a polynomial system whose overall degree is eight and the configuration of each of the subsequent modules of the articulated chain can be obtained by solving a polynomial system whose overall degree is thirty two. It has also been shown that, in general, the first module has eight distinct geometric configurations, and for each configuration of a preceding module, a subsequent module, in general, has sixteen distinct configurations. Finally, geometric reasoning has been used to identify the particular configuration that represents the correct' vehicle geometry on the terrain.
Sreenivasan, SV, Waldron, KJ & Mukherjee, S 1970, 'Globally optimal force allocation in active mechanisms with four frictional contacts', Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference, pp. 63-72.
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Actively coordinated mechanisms typically possess a redundancy in actuation, and this redundancy can be used to optimize desired system performance characteristics. In this work, mechanisms interacting with their environments that possess complete contact force controllability such as walking vehicles and articulated multi-fingered grippers are considered. In these systems, redundancy in actuation translates to an underconstrained set of contact force allocation equations. The degrees of freedom offered by the underspecified force allocation problem can be used to optimize system performance. The resulting optimization problems are highly nonlinear. Here, first the redundancy in actuation is characterized using geometric reasoning. This leads to simplifications in the formulation of the optimization problems. Next, advanced polynomial continuation techniques, specifically designed to handle the force distribution problem, have been used to solve the nonlinear optimization problems for the case of four frictional contacts. These continuation techniques lead to efficient algorithms that obtain all the local optima, and hence the global optimum can be identified. It has been shown that these problems have a large number of local optima, and standard optimization techniques that have been used in the literature converge to one of these local optima. The algorithms developed here are not suited for real-time implementation in their current form. However, since continuation is particularly suited for vectorization, such implementations may be possible with the use of parallel computing. These algorithms can be used in offline force planning and as an off-line input to the system controller. They can also be used to develop look tables for certain applications, and can be used as a baselines for evaluating the effectiveness of sub-optimal methods.
van de Groenendaal, JG & Braun, RM 1970, 'Phase-plane analysis of phase-locked loops used for clock recovery', Proceedings of COMSIG '94 - 1994 South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, COMSIG '94 - 1994 South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, IEEE, pp. 99-104.
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The transient analysis of phase-locked loops is not an easy analytical task. Although linearisation of these devices is common practice, the exact nature of the loop is not obtained. Using phase-plane techniques it is possible to determine both the transient and steady-state responses of phase-locked loops. In this paper we investigate the application of phase-plane techniques to a second-order phase-locked loop and to a more complex clock-recovery loop. A number of interesting results were obtained and are discussed.
Vucetic, B, Zhang, L & Oppermann, I 1970, 'Modelling and simulation of ICO satellite communication channels', National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia, pp. 493-497.
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The channel models for Intermediate Circular Orbit (ICO) satellite links are developed for tripod mounted and hand-held receivers with a stationary and moving user in various propagation environments. The channel model is based on a linear combination of Rice, Rayleigh and log-normal faded signals to represent the signal variations over an area with constant environment characteristics while an M-state Markov chain is applied to model environment parameter variations. The model parameters are estimated from the experimental data and used to simulate signal amplitude variations. The simulated and experimental data are compared on the basis of probability density functions.
Waldron, KJ & Sreenivasan, SV 1970, 'A Study of the Position Problem for Multi-Circuit Mechanisms', 23rd Biennial Mechanisms Conference: Mechanism Synthesis and Analysis, ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium, American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
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Abstract It has been known for a very long time that the commonly used techniques for solution of the position problem of planar mechanisms are not general. Nevertheless, it is remarkable that many textbooks, and even reference books on planar kinematics do not acknowledge this fact. Others mentioned it briefly in passing. Even classic reference works such as Hain (1967) simply state that those problems which cannot be solved by conventional methods should be solved by trial and error.
Waldron, KJ & Sreenivasan, SV 1970, 'Study of the position problem for multi-circuit mechanisms', American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Design Engineering Division (Publication) DE, pp. 337-348.
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This paper stresses that the commonly used techniques for solution of the position problem of planar mechanisms are not general, a fact sorely missed in reference books on planar kinematics. This is illustrated for planar linkages with 8 or more members where it is not necessary that there be a four-bar circuit in the mechanism. Some generic rules about the order of the minimal solution for the mechanisms with arbitrary numbers of links are generated.
Zaman, S & Ball, JE 1970, 'Simulation of small events in an urban catchment', National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia, pp. 353-358.
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In general, stormwater runoff from an urbanised catchment is the result of a complex interaction of processes which influence the generation of rainfall on both the pervious and impervious areas within the catchment. When the rainfall depth is small, however, the rainfall excess will be generated primarily on the impervious surfaces with a consequent reduction in the complexity of the interaction of the processes. To investigate the processes influencing the generation of rainfall excess and, hence, the development of stormwater runoff, a number of storm events with small rainfall depths were simulated on the Salt Pan Creek catchment. Presented herein are the results obtained from these simulations. Also presented is a discussion of the interaction between alternative processes occurring on impervious surfaces.
