Apkarian, P & Hoang Duong Tuan 2000, 'Robust control via concave minimization local and global algorithms', IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 299-305.
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Apkarian, P & Tuan, HD 2000, 'Low nonconvexity-rank bilinear matrix inequalities: algorithms and applications in robust controller and structure designs', IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 2111-2117.
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Apkarian, P & Tuan, HD 2000, 'Parameterized LMIs in Control Theory', SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 1241-1264.
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Apkarian, P, Pellanda, PC & Tuan, HD 2000, 'Mixed H2/H∞ multi-channel linear parameter-varying control in discrete time', Systems & Control Letters, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 333-346.
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Ayre, PJ, Vidakovic, SS, Tansley, GD, Watterson, PA & Lovell, NH 2000, 'Sensorless Flow and Head Estimation in the VentrAssist Rotary Blood Pump', Artificial Organs, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 585-588.
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Abstract: Flow rate and pressure difference (or head) are key variables needed in the control of implantable rotary blood pumps. However, use of flow and/or pressure probes can decrease reliability and increase system power consumption and expense. For a given fluid viscosity, the flow state is determined by any 2 of the 4 pump variables: Flow, pressure difference, speed, and motor input power can be used. Thus, if viscosity is known or if its influence is sufficiently small, flow rate and pressure difference can be estimated from the motor speed and motor input power. For the VentrAssist centrifugal blood pump, which uses a hydrodynamic bearing, sensorless flow and pressure head estimation accuracy of 2 of our impeller designs were compared for a viscosity range of 1.2 to 4.5 mPas. This showed impeller design optimization can improve estimation accuracy. We also compared estimation accuracy using 2 blood analogues used in vitro, aqueous glycerol and red blood cells suspended in Haemaccel. The nature of the blood analogue and not only the viscosity of the fluid seems to influence estimation accuracy in our pump.
Bai, MR, Hsiao, I, Tsai, H & Lin, C 2000, 'Development of an on-line diagnosis system for rotor vibration via model-based intelligent inference', The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 107, no. 1, pp. 315-323.
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An on-line fault detection and isolation technique is proposed for the diagnosis of rotating machinery. The architecture of the system consists of a feature generation module and a fault inference module. Lateral vibration data are used for calculating the system features. Both continuous-time and discrete-time parameter estimation algorithms are employed for generating the features. A neural fuzzy network is exploited for intelligent inference of faults based on the extracted features. The proposed method is implemented on a digital signal processor. Experiments carried out for a rotor kit and a centrifugal fan indicate the potential of the proposed techniques in predictive maintenance.
Bell, J, Besong, AA, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Wroblewski, BM, Stone, MH & Fisher, J 2000, 'Influence of gelatin and bovine serum lubricants on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear debris generated in in vitro simulations', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, vol. 214, no. 5, pp. 513-518.
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Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear debris induced osteolysis has a major role in the late aseptic loosening and ultimate failure of total hip replacements (THR). Clinically relevant in vitro simulations of wear are essential to predict the osteolytic potential of bearing surfaces in artificial hip joints. Newborn calf or bovine serum has been accepted as a boundary lubricant for such in vitro tests, but its biological stability has been questioned. This study compared the wear factors, number of wear particles and levels of microbial contamination produced in bovine serum and a gelatin-based lubricant. The wear factors produced by the two lubricants were not significantly different, however the wear debris morphology produced was substantially different. The bovine serum became contaminated with micro-organisms within 28 h, whereas the protein-based lubricant remained uncontaminated. The results showed that bovine serum was not a stable boundary lubricant. They also showed that although the wear factors for the two solutions were not significantly different, the protein-based lubricant was not a suitable alternative to bovine serum because the wear debris produced was not clinically relevant.
Biacino, L, Gerla, G & Ying, MS 2000, 'Approximate reasoning based on similarity', MATHEMATICAL LOGIC QUARTERLY, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 77-86.
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The connection between similarity logic and the theory of closure operators is examined. Indeed one proves that the consequence relation defined in [14] can be obtained by composing two closure operators and that the resulting operator is still a closure
Bishop, DW, Thomas, PS & Ray, AS 2000, 'Micro Raman characterization of nickel sulfide inclusions in toughened glass', MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 1123-1128.
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Toughened glass panels used as glazing material in multistory buildings are subject to fracture when they contain nickel sulfide inclusions. The failure mechanism is generally attributed to the significant volume increase related to a polymorphic phase retransformation in nickel sulfide. This investigation exploits the ability of micro Raman spectroscopy to analyze minute inclusions. The technique is able to distinguish between different polymorphs and various stoichiometric forms of nickel sulfide and has the potential to satisfy the need for an in situ, nondestructive analytical technique for the characterization of nickel sulfide inclusions in glass.
Blunden, BG & Indraratna, B 2000, 'Evaluation of surface and groundwater management strategies for drained sulfidic soil using numerical simulation models', Soil Research, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 569-569.
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The effective management of acid sulfate soils is a major issue for manycoastal regions in Australia. Simulations were conducted to evaluate 4different water management strategies that could be applied to agriculturalland on the south coast of New South Wales, Australia, to minimise acidgeneration from acid sulfate soils. The water management strategies arecompared with the existing extensively drained situation which generates anddischarges large quantities of acidic pyrite oxidation products. The 4 watermanagement strategies include elevated drain water levels using a weir, 25 mmirrigation on a 7- or 14-day cycle, and elevated drain water levels withirrigation. All of these strategies were designed to minimise the generationof acid by reducing the transport of oxygen to the sulfidic soil. Simulationswere conducted for weather and site conditions experienced during a 12-monthperiod starting in July 1997.Model simulations showed that maintenance of elevated drain water levels usinga weir in the drain significantly reduced the amount of acid generated by75% and 57%, at 10 and 90 m distance from the drain,respectively, by comparison with the existing drained state. The addition of25 mm irrigation on a 14-day cycle to the weir simulation reduced theoxidation of pyrite by a further 1–2%. Application of irrigationonly on a 7-day cycle also reduced the acid generated by 89% and94% at 10 and 90 m distance from the drain, respectively, by comparisonwith the existing drained state. Irrigation on a 14-day cycle was not assuccessful in reducing pyrite oxidation as either the 7-day irrigation or weirstrategies. Evaluation of the 4 water management options showed thatsignificant improvements can be made with respect to the amount of acidgenerated by relatively simple and cost-effective land management practices.
Braunerhjelm, P, Carlsson, B, Cetindamar, D & Johansson, D 2000, 'The old and the new: the evolution of polymer and biomedical clusters in Ohio and Sweden', Journal of Evolutionary Economics, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 471-488.
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Callipo, A, Cucchiara, R & Piccardi, M 2000, 'Computational models for image processing for shared-memory multiprocessors', Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 39-52.
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Different tasks in image processing exhibit different computational requirements that should be considered with respect to the architecture. This is particularly critical in parallel machines where many parallelization techniques, as data partitioning an
Castel, A, François, R & Arliguie, G 2000, 'Mechanical behaviour of corroded reinforced concrete beams—Part 1: Experimental study of corroded beams', Materials and Structures, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 539-544.
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Castel, A, François, R & Arliguie, G 2000, 'Mechanical behaviour of corroded reinforced concrete beams—Part 2: Bond and notch effects', Materials and Structures, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 545-551.
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CATCHPOOLE, D 2000, 'Mutation analysis of H19 and NAP1L4 (hNAP2) candidate genes and IGF2 DMR2 in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome', Journal of Medical Genetics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 212-215.
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Chia-Feng Juang, Jiann-Yow Lin & Chin-Teng Lin 2000, 'Genetic reinforcement learning through symbiotic evolution for fuzzy controller design', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 290-302.
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Chong, NR, Burnett, IS & Chicharo, JF 2000, 'A new waveform interpolation coding scheme based on pitch synchronous wavelet transform decomposition', IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 345-348.
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Chong, NR, Burnett, IS & Chicharo, JF 2000, 'Use of the Pitch Synchronous Wavelet Transform as a new decomposition for WI', Speech and Audio Processing, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 345-348.
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Chong-White, NR & Burnett, IS 2000, 'Accurate, critically sampled characteristic waveform surface construction for waveform interpolation decomposition', Electronics Letters, vol. 36, no. 14, pp. 1245-1245.
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Chong-White, NR & Burnett, IS 2000, 'Improved signal analysis and time-synchronous reconstruction in waveform interpolation coding', 2000 IEEE Workshop on Speech Coding. Proceedings. Meeting the Challenges of the New Millennium (Cat. No.00EX421), pp. 56-58.
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Chung, I-F, Lin, C-J & Lin, C-T 2000, 'A GA-based fuzzy adaptive learning control network', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 112, no. 1, pp. 65-84.
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Cronin, SJ, Manoharan, V, Hedley, MJ & Loganathan, P 2000, 'Fluoride: A review of its fate, bioavailability, and risks of fluorosis in grazed-pasture systems in New Zealand', NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 295-321.
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Fluoride (F) is an essential element for animal growth, not readily taken up by plants from soils, yet cases of acute fluorosis in grazing animals caused by ingestion of phosphatic fertilisers, volcanic ash, and industrial wastes remind us of its potential hazard. Fluoride concentrations in topsoils slowly increase where annual inputs through atmospheric pollution and phosphatic fertilisers exceed losses. This paper reviews information on the fate of F in grazed pasture systems with the aim of assessing the potential toxicity of accumulating soil F. A preliminary F-cycling model for grazed pastures, based on the review of international literature and F concentrations in selected New Zealand pasture soils, indicated that grazing sheep and cattle obtain over 50% of their dietary F (and this may be >80% during winter) from soil ingestion. The model suggests that at the extremes of the ranges of the measured winter soil ingestion (143–300 g d-1 for sheep and 900–1600 g d-1 for cattle) and dietary F absorptivity (bioavailability) of soil F (20–38%), total topsoil F concentrations in the range of 372–1461 μg F g-1 could cause chronic fluorosis in sheep and 326–1085 μg F g-1in cattle. We recommend that research is undertaken to measure F accumulation rates and soil F dietary absorptivity for a range of intensively managed New Zealand pasture soils. © 2000 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Cucchiara, R, Grana, C, Piccardi, M & Prati, A 2000, 'Statistic and knowledge-based moving object detection in traffic scenes', ITSC2000. 2000 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.00TH8493), pp. 27-32.
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Cucchiara, R, Piccardi, M & Mello, P 2000, 'Image analysis and rule-based reasoning for a traffic monitoring system', IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 119-130.
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The paper presents an approach for detecting vehicles in urban traffic scenes by means of rule-based reasoning on visual data. The strength of the approach is its formal separation between the low-level image processing modules (used for extracting visual data under various illumination conditions) and the high-level module, which provides a general-purpose knowledge-based framework for tracking vehicles in the scene. The image-processing modules extract visual data from the scene by spatio-temporal analysis during daytime, and by morphological analysis of headlights at night. The high-level module is designed as a forward chaining production rule system, working on symbolic data, i.e., vehicles and their attributes (area, pattern, direction, and others) and exploiting a set of heuristic rules tuned to urban traffic conditions. The synergy between the artificial intelligence techniques of the high-level and the low-level image analysis techniques provides the system with flexibility and robustness.
Cucchiara, R, Piccardi, M & Prati, A 2000, 'Hardware prefetching techniques for cache memories in multimedia applications', Proceedings Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Computer Architectures for Machine Perception, pp. 311-319.
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Dahlstrand, XSL & Cetindamar, D 2000, 'The dynamics of innovation financing in Sweden', Venture Capital, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 203-221.
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A well functioning and dynamic system of innovation financing is an important tool for the development of future growth sectors. This analysis of the dynamics of innovation financing by using the case of Sweden shows the importance of government and venture capital in financing innovation. It highlights two further important features. First, the role of acquisitions in innovation financing identifies 'competent acquirers' as active actors in the financing system; this is in addition to the public sector and the venture capital industry. Second, innovation financing differs by firms' technology specialization and industrial sectors. In particular, technology-based service firms have different financing patterns to that of manufacturing firms. The paper concludes with a discussion on the functions of three important actors in financing systems, namely government, venture capital, and competent acquirers.
Dehghan, S, Owen, R, Jones, P & Lister, D 2000, 'W-CDMA capacity and planning issues', Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 101-118.
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Dharmappa, HB, Corderoy, RM & Hagare, P 2000, 'Developing an interactive multimedia software package to enhance understanding of and learning outcomes in water treatment processes', Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 407-411.
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Teaching and learning environments which use multimedia based resources greatly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of learning by engaging students at a deeper level than may otherwise be possible. This is particularly so in situations where `real world' phenomena and processes are being taught. Using such a multimedia package in teaching pollution control processes is novel. This paper reports on the successful development of a multimedia package dealing with several pollution control processes and its evaluation. The pollution control processes illustrated in the multimedia software are physico-chemical processes which are widely used in both water and wastewater treatment. Teaching the design concepts for these processes in a conventional classroom setting is challenging because students have difficulty in visualizing the techniques and processes involved. This difficulty is compounded by the fact that many of the processes occur naturally over longer time periods and so cannot be easily be integrated into normal teaching environments. The software package incorporates several different media modes including text, drawings, photographs, animation, and simulation. The preliminary pilot evaluation of this package using third year engineering students indicated that it provided greater insight and understanding of the complex treatment processes being taught.
Dr. Center, JR, Nguyen, TV, Sambrook, PN & Eisman, JA 2000, 'Hormonal and Biochemical Parameters and Osteoporotic Fractures in Elderly Men', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 1405-1411.
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Abstract Low testosterone has been associated with hip fracture in men in some studies. However, data on other hormonal parameters and fracture outcome in men is minimal. This study examined the association between free testosterone (free T) estradiol (E2), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], parathyroid hormone (PTH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and fracture in 437 elderly community-dwelling men. Age, height, weight, quadriceps strength, femoral neck bone mineral density (FN BMD), and fracture data (1989–1997) also were obtained. Fractures were classified as major (hip, pelvis, proximal tibia, multiple rib, vertebral, and proximal humerus) or minor (remaining distal upper and lower limb fractures). Fifty-four subjects had a fracture (24 major and 30 minor). There was no association between minor fractures and any hormonal parameter. Risk of major fracture was increased 2-fold for each SD increase in age, decrease in weight and height, and increase in SHBG, and risk of major fracture was increased 3-fold for each SD decrease in quadriceps strength, FN BMD, and 25(OH)D (univariate logistic regression). Independent predictors of major fracture were FN BMD, 2.7 (1.5–4.7; odds ratio [OR]) and 95% confidence interval [CI]); 25(OH)D, 2.8 (1.5–5.3); and SHBG, 1.7 (1.2–2.4). An abnormal value for three factors resulted in a 30-fold increase in risk but only affected 2% of the population. It is not immediately apparent how 25(OH)D and SHBG, largely independently of BMD, may contribute to fracture risk. They may be markers for biological age or health status not measured by methods that are more traditional and as such may be useful in identifying those at high risk of fracture.
Dr. Nguyen, TV & Eisman, JA 2000, 'Genetics of Fracture: Challenges and Opportunities', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 1253-1256.
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Faber, MH, Val, DV & Stewart, MG 2000, 'Proof load testing for bridge assessment and upgrading', Engineering Structures, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 1677-1689.
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Bridge deterioration with time and ever increasing traffic loads raise concerns about reliability of aging bridges. One of the ways to check reliability of aging bridges is proof load testing. A successful proof load test demonstrates immediately that the resistance of a bridge is greater than the proof load. This reduces uncertainty in the bridge resistance and so increases the bridge reliability. The paper considers a reliability-based calibration of intensities of proof loads for aging bridges to verify either an existing or increased load rating taking into account possible bridge deterioration. Intensities of proof loads are calibrated based on a consistent target reliability index. The influence of test risk, dead to live load ratio, and uncertainties associated with dead and live loads and bridge resistance is considered. The results presented in the paper relate to short and medium span bridges. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Fang, JQ, Li, QS, Liu, DK, Jeary, AP & Wong, CK 2000, 'Wind effects on a very tall building and wavelet analysis', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings, vol. 140, no. 2, pp. 151-159.
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This paper describes the results obtained from full-scale measurements of wind effects on a 70-storey building which has a height of approximately 370 m and is the second tallest structure in Hong Kong. The field data presented include the wind speed, wind direction and wind-induced response, which were measured at the top of this building during the passage of Typhoon Sally in 1996. Application of a wavelet transform to analyse the field data of wind velocity and wind-induced response is presented and discussed. The variation in the local energy content, not accounted for in Fourier spectral analysis, is noted. The comparison of the Fourier spectrum and wavelet scalogram is made.
Gabrys, B & Bargiela, A 2000, 'General fuzzy min-max neural network for clustering and classification', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 769-783.
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Gadad, A 2000, 'Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some 5-guanylhydrazone/thiocyanato-6-arylimidazo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide derivatives†', European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 853-857.
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Gibson, T, Bogduk, N, Macpherson, J & McIntosh, A 2000, 'Crash Characteristics of Whiplash Associated Chronic Neck Pain', Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain, vol. 8, no. 1-2, pp. 87-95.
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Objective: To analyze the motor vehicle crash parameters associated with chronic neck pain outcomes associated with whiplash injury. Method: Police accident data were matched with a clinical database of 273 subjects with chronic neck pain as a result of a motor vehicle crash. These subjects had or were in the process of being objectively investigated for zygapophyseal [Z-joint] pain by means of controlled double-blind differential diagnostic anesthetic blocks. The combined database was analyzed to find the crash parameters. Results: For the 92 cases where the crash data was able to be matched with the clinical data, females [55%] had slightly higher representation than males [45%]; rear-end impacts were more common [40%] and few had injuries requiring hospitalization [6.5%]. Higher severity crashes appeared to be associated with these chronic neck pain sufferers than typically found for whiplash associated disorder. For this group of drivers and motorcycle riders, 68 [74%] were diagnosed to have objective Z-joint pain mostly at the C2/3 [34%] and C5/6 [32%] levels of the neck. More symptomatic joints were found on the right side [59%] than left side [43%]. Conclusion: In Australia, the characteristics of the motor vehicle crashes associated with subjects suffering chronic neck pain were investigated. In the 92 cases analyzed, 74% had objective evidence that the chronic neck pain was connected with the Z-joints and seemed to be associated with more severe rear-end rear impacts.
Gowripalan, N, Sirivivatnanon, V & Lim, CC 2000, 'Chloride diffusivity of concrete cracked in flexure', CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 725-730.
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Guo, Y, Wang, X, Zhu, J & Ramsden, VS 2000, 'Analysis of Circulating Currents among the Stator Bar Strands of Large Turbine-generators', Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 83-86.
Guo, Y, Wang, X, Zhu, J & Ramsden, VS 2000, 'Calculation of Parameters of Stator Hybrid Conductor in Large Turbo-generators', Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 80-82.
Guo, Y, Wang, X, Zhu, J & Ramsden, VS 2000, 'Simplified Calculation Model of Circulating Currents among the Stator Bar Strands of Electrical Machines', Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 89-91.
Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Ramsden, VS 2000, 'Calculation on Parameters and Performances of Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors with Soft Magnetic Composite', Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 15-17.
Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Ramsden, VS 2000, 'Design Characteristics of Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Motors with Soft Magnetic Composite Core', Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 86-88.
Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Ramsden, VS & Wang, X 2000, 'Calculation of Cogging Torque in Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors', Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 30-32.
Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Zhong, M & Ramsden, VS 2000, 'Measurement of Magnetic Properties of Soft Magnetic Composite under Rotating Magnetic Fields', Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 18-20.
Guo, YJ, Vadgama, S & Tanaka, Y 2000, 'Advanced base station technologies for UTRAN', Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 123-132.
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To achieve high capacity and to support high-data-rate services in the terrestrial access network (UTRAN) of the third generation Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), it is essential to employ some advanced transceiver techniques at the base stations. In this paper, three such techniques are presented: adaptive antennas, multistage parallel interference cancellers and a new hybrid scheme. The operation principles and some simulation results of the techniques are given and some challenging implementation issues are discussed.
Ha, QP, Nguyen, QH, Rye, DC & Durrant-Whyte, HF 2000, 'Impedance control of a hydraulically actuated robotic excavator', AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION, vol. 9, no. 5-6, pp. 421-435.
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In robotic excavation hybrid position/force control has been proposed for bucket digging trajectory following. In hybrid position/force control, the control mode is required to switch between position- and force-control depending on whether the bucket is in free space or in contact with the soil during the process. Alternatively, impedance control can be applied such that one control mode is employed in both free and constrained motion. This paper presents a robust sliding controller that implements impedance control for a backhoe excavator. The control law consists of three components: an equivalent control, a switching control and a tuning control. Given an excavation task in world space, inverse kinematic and dynamic models are used to convert the task into a desired digging trajectory in joint space. The proposed controller is applied to provide good tracking performance with attenuated vibration at bucket-soil contact points. From the control signals and the joint angles of the excavator, the piston position and ram force of each hydraulic cylinder for the axis control of the boom, arm, and bucket can be determined. The problem is then how to find the control voltage applied to each servovalve to achieve force and position tracking of each electrohydraulic system for the axis motion of the boom, arm, and bucket. With an observer-based compensation for disturbance force including hydraulic friction, tracking of the piston ram force and position is guaranteed using robust sliding control. High performance and strong robustness can be obtained as demonstrated by simulation and experiments performed on a hydraulically actuated robotic excavator. The results obtained suggest that the proposed control technique can provide robust performance when employed in autonomous excavation with soil contact considerations. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Heise, CE, O'Dowd, BF, Figueroa, DJ, Sawyer, N, Nguyen, T, Im, D-S, Stocco, R, Bellefeuille, JN, Abramovitz, M, Cheng, R, Williams, DL, Zeng, Z, Liu, Q, Ma, L, Clements, MK, Coulombe, N, Liu, Y, Austin, CP, George, SR, O'Neill, GP, Metters, KM, Lynch, KR & Evans, JF 2000, 'Characterization of the Human Cysteinyl Leukotriene 2 Receptor', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 275, no. 39, pp. 30531-30536.
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The contractile and inflammatory actions of the cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4, are thought to be mediated through at least two distinct but related CysLT G protein-coupled receptors. The human CysLT1 receptor has been recently cloned and characterized. We describe here the cloning and characterization of the second cysteinyl leukotriene receptor, CysLT2, a 346-amino acid protein with 38% amino acid identity to the CysLT1 receptor. The recombinant human CysLT2 receptor was expressed in Xenopus oocytes and HEK293T cells and shown to couple to elevation of intracellular calcium when activated by LTC4, LTD4, or LTE4. Analyses of radiolabeled LTD4 binding to the recombinant CysLT2 receptor demonstrated high affinity binding and a rank order of potency for competition of LTC4 = LTD4 >> LTE4. In contrast to the dual CysLT1/CysLT2 antagonist, BAY u9773, the CysLT1 receptor-selective antagonists MK-571, montelukast (Singulair(TM)), zafirlukast (Accolate(TM)), and pranlukast (Onon(TM)) exhibited low potency in competition for LTD4 binding and as antagonists of CysLT2 receptor signaling. CysLT2 receptor mRNA was detected in lung macrophages and airway smooth muscle, cardiac Purkinje cells, adrenal medulla cells, peripheral blood leukocytes, and brain, and the receptor gene was mapped to chromosome 13q14, a region linked to atopic asthma.
Hoang, DB & Wang, Z 2000, 'Performance of TCP applications over ATM networks with ABR and UBR services - a simulation analysis', COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 802-815.
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This paper aims to present a comparative simulation study of the performance of TCP traffic over ATM networks with UBR and ABR services, to identify weaknesses of currently most promising ATM congestion control schemes; and to indicate the requirements f
Hoang, DB, Yu, X & Feng, D 2000, 'Fair intelligent bandwidth allocation for rate-adaptive video traffic', COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 23, no. 14-15, pp. 1425-1436.
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This paper presents an algorithm for network bandwidth sharing using explicit rate feedback, the Fair Intelligent Bandwidth Allocation (FIBA) for transporting rate-adaptive video traffic. We show that the FIBA algorithm is capable of allocating bandwidth
HUTVÁGNER, G, MLYNÁROVÁ, L & NAP, J-P 2000, 'Detailed characterization of the posttranscriptional gene-silencing-related small RNA in a GUS gene-silenced tobacco', RNA, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 1445-1454.
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Posttranscriptional gene-silencing phenomena such as cosuppression and RNA interference are associated with the occurrence of small, about 21-23 nt short RNA species homologous to the silenced gene. We here show that the small RNA present in silenced transgenic plants can easily be detected in total RNA isolated according to standard procedures. This will allow for the development of routine and early screenings for the presence of small RNA species and, therefore, gene silencing in transgenic plants. We further demonstrate that the small RNA fraction can be visualized with the SYBR Green II RNA stain, isolated from a gel, labeled and used as a specific probe. Using these approaches, we have fine-mapped the sequences of the GUS gene that are represented in the small RNA fraction of a GUS-silenced tobacco line containing an inverted repeat of the GUS gene. In this tobacco line, the silencing-associated small RNA is a mixture of fragments that cover the 3' two-thirds of the GUS coding region. The 5' coding and the 3' noncoding ends of the GUS mRNA are not represented in the small RNA fraction. The RNA fragments are not likely to be a primary synthesis product of an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, but rather degradation products from nuclease activity. Surprisingly, RNA isolated from wild-type, untransformed plants showed the presence of a similar-sized small RNA pool. This might indicate the existence of small RNA species from putative endogenous genes that are down regulated by a similar posttranscriptional gene-silencing mechanism. The possibility of isolating and labeling the small RNA pool from wild-type plants will provide a way to identify and study such putative genes.
Indraratna, B & Redana, IW 2000, 'Numerical modeling of vertical drains with smear and well resistance installed in soft clay', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 132-145.
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This study describes the behavior of embankments stabilized with prefabricated vertical drains installed in soft clay foundations, based on several fully instrumented case histories selected from Thailand and Malaysia. A multidrain analysis is conducted based on an equivalent, plane strain model developed by the authors. The deformation of soft clay beneath an embankment (i.e., along and away from the centerline) is predicted and compared with the available field measurements. The effects of both smear and well resistance are incorporated in the analytical formulation, which is used in conjunction with the modified Cam-clay theory. It is demonstrated that the installation of vertical drains significantly increases the rate of settlement, improves the dissipation of pore-water pressure, and decreases the lateral deformation of the soft clay foundation. To obtain better predictions, especially of pore pressures and lateral displacements, the equivalent discharge capacity of the drains needs to be modeled appropriately. The inclusion of the effects of smear and well resistance in the analysis of vertical drains improves the accuracy of predictions significantly, in comparison with the field measurements.Key words: clay, consolidation, embankment, finite element method, settlement, smear zone, vertical drain.
Indraratna, B & Redana, IW 2000, 'Numerical modeling of vertical drains with smear and well resistance installed in soft clay', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 132-145.
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Indraratna, B, Nemcik, JA & Gale, WJ 2000, 'Review and interpretation of primary floor failure mechanism at a longwall coal mining face based on numerical analysis', Géotechnique, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 547-557.
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This paper describes the conceptual model of primary rock failure mechanisms in the floor ahead of the longwall coal mining face based on underground observations and numerical modelling. During longwall mining, the stress fields and displacements of strata are constantly changing. High stress concentrations ahead of the longwall face can initiate fractures in the rock floor that can, under unfavourable stress conditions, develop into secondary floor failure, where large displacements of strata can occur. Severely broken floor strata or floor heave can seriously interfere with mining operations. Underground observations indicate that the sub-vertical shear fractures and the shear failure along the bedding planes in stratified rock are the most common fracture types observed in the rock floor below the longwall face. To explain how these fractures occur, basic principles of rock failure mechanism are applied to an overstressed rock subject to stress concentrations typically found at the longwall face. The computational simulation of the progressive longwall mining operations was undertaken in stratified rock to model complex stress distributions ahead of the longwall face and to simulate the rock failure in the mining floor. The model indicates that the shear fractures and the bedding plane failure dominate the floor failure ahead of the moving longwall face, as was observed underground.
Jegatheesan, V 2000, 'Transient stage deposition of submicron particles in deep bed filtration under unfavorable conditions', Water Research, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 2119-2131.
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JEGATHEESAN, V & VIGNESWARAN, S 2000, 'Surface Coverage of Filter Medium in Deep Bed Filtration: Mathematical Modeling and Experiments', Separation Science and Technology, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 967-987.
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Jia, D, Dutkiewicz, E & Chicharo, JF 2000, 'Performance analysis of QoS mechanisms in IP networks', Proceedings ISCC 2000. Fifth IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, pp. 359-363.
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Integrated services IP networks are expected to provide a variety of services with differentiated QoS. This requires the implementation of mechanisms that can discriminate service classes in terms of QoS. The IETF has recently proposed a Differentiated Services (Diffserv) framework for provision of QoS. In this paper we analyze performance of two Diffserv mechanisms: Threshold Dropping and Priority Scheduling in terms of packet loss and mean packet delay. A comparison of the two mechanisms is carried out with the requirement that both mechanisms provide the same level of packet loss for the preferred flow. This comparison extends the results reported in the literature for these two mechanisms. In particular, in this paper we determine the impact of buffer threshold and buffer size on packet loss and mean packet delay in these mechanisms.
Johnson, IR, Tellambura, C, Guo, YJ & Barton, SK 2000, 'HIPERLAN receiver design issues: noise performance and frequency offset compensation', International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 29-41.
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This paper is concerned with some physical layer issues for HIPERLAN. First, the noise performance required of each class of receivers in HIPERLAN is determined. Secondly, the effect of frequency offset on the performance of equalisers is investigated and various techniques for joint equalisation and frequency offset compensation are studied. It is shown that by employing a decision feedback equaliser incorporating a second order phase locked loop, the effect of both the intersymbol interference and frequency offset can be significantly reduced. Using such a technique, the packet error ratio (PER) of a HIPERLAN radio link in a multipath channel is found by simulation.
Johnston, JB, Jiang, Y, van Marle, G, Mayne, MB, Ni, W, Holden, J, McArthur, JC & Power, C 2000, 'Lentivirus Infection in the Brain Induces Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression: Role of Envelope Diversity', Journal of Virology, vol. 74, no. 16, pp. 7211-7220.
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ABSTRACTInfection of the brain by lentiviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), causes inflammation and results in neurodegeneration. Molecular diversity within the lentivirus envelope gene has been implicated in the regulation of cell tropism and the host response to infection. Here, we examine the hypothesis that envelope sequence diversity modulates the expression of host molecules implicated in lentivirus-induced brain disease, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and related transcription factors. Infection of primary macrophages by chimeric HIV clones containing brain-derived envelope fragments from patients with HIV-associated dementia (HAD) or nondemented AIDS patients (HIV-ND) showed that MMP-2 and -9 levels in conditioned media were significantly higher for the HAD clones. Similarly, STAT-1 and JAK-1 levels were higher in macrophages infected by HAD clones. Infections of primary feline macrophages by the neurovirulent FIV strain (V1CSF), the less neurovirulent strain (Petaluma), and a chimera containing the V1CSF envelope in a Petaluma background (FIV-Ch) revealed that MMP-2 and -9 levels were significantly higher in conditioned media from V1CSF- and FIV-Ch-infected macrophages, which was associated with increased intracellular STAT-1 and JAK-1 levels. The STAT-1 inhibitor fludarabine significantly reduced MMP-2 expression, but not MMP-9 expression, in FIV-infected macrophages. Analysis of MMP mRNA and protein levels in brain samples from HIV-infected persons or FIV-infected cats showed that MMP-2 and -9 levels were significantly increased in lentivirus-infected brains compared to those of uninfected controls. Elevated MMP expression was accompanied by significant increases in STAT-1 and JAK-1 mRNA and protein levels in the same brain samples. The present findings indicate that two lentiviru...
Jones, G & Nguyen, TV 2000, 'Associations Between Maternal Peak Bone Mass and Bone Mass in Prepubertal Male and Female Children', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 1998-2004.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to estimate heritability of bone density in premenopausal women, prepubertal male, and prepubertal female child pairs. We studied 291 pairs (mothers, mean age, 33 years, range 22–45 years; children, mean age, 7.92 years, range 7.32-8.92 years). Bone density and body composition were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Height and weight were measured in both mother and child. Body size-adjusted heritability estimates for areal bone density (g/cm2) were all statistically significant (femoral neck, 59%; lumbar spine, 38%; total body, 41%) and were consistently and significantly higher in mother-daughter pairs (n = 105) as compared with mother-son pairs (n = 186). Heritability estimates for bone mineral apparent density (BMAD; g/cm3) were marginally lower but remained statistically significant at all sites (femoral neck, 51%; lumbar spine, 32%; total body, 38%). Maternal osteopenia was associated with significant reductions in bone mass at all sites in the children (femoral neck, 0.75 SD and p < 0.0001; lumbar spine, 0.61 SD and p < 0.0001; total body, 0.43 SD and p = 0.012). Mother-child bone areal bone density correlation coefficients and prediction of low bone mass in the child were greater (but this did not reach statistical significance) if the corresponding anatomical site in the mother was used for prediction with the exception of the total body. These data confirm that heritability of bone mass extends to prepubertal children and is gender- and possibly site-specific as well as under separate genetic control to growth. Furthermore, the strength of the mother-child association is such that bone density screening of mothers would make it possible to identify most prepubertal children at higher risk of osteoporosis in later life.
Karaomerlioglu, DC & Jacobsson, S 2000, 'The Swedish venture capital industry: An infant, adolescent or grown-up?', Venture Capital, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 61-88.
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This paper analyses the evolution of the Swedish venture capital (VC) industry. The institutional infrastructure in the form of legal access to available savings, the incentive structure and the exit possibilities for the VC firm initially blocked the evolution of the VC industry but institutional changes initiated a catch-up process in Sweden in the 1990s. The size of the Swedish VC industry is now substantial, among the four largest in the OECDset in relation to population. A distinct structural change in the Swedish VC industry in favour of diversity is also taking place but the industry is not yet mature with respect to its competence. The key policy issues are related not only to expanding the size of the industry, but also to increasing its competence. Further institutional change is, therefore, warranted, not only in terms of tax reforms and improving the access to pension funds and other savings, but also in terms of distinct policies aiming at increasing the flow of competence to the VC industry. © 2000 Taylor & Francis Ltd.
Khalili, N, Khabbaz, MH & Valliappan, S 2000, 'An effective stress based numerical model for hydro-mechanical analysis in unsaturated porous media', Computational Mechanics, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 174-184.
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Kim, SK, Atanassov, KT & Shannon, AG 2000, 'Generalized nets in neurology: an example of mathematical modelling', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 173-179.
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Kodagoda, KRS, Wijesoma, WS & Teoh, EK 2000, 'Stable fuzzy state space controllers for an AGV', Neural Networks for Signal Processing - Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop, vol. 2, pp. 672-681.
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The primary focus is on the development of an intelligent control scheme, which is insensitive to parametric uncertainty, load and parameter fluctuations and most importantly amenable for real time implementation. In this paper, we present a stable uncoupled direct fuzzy PD/PI control scheme for an outdoor AGV, which is a converted electrically powered golf-car. The controller performance was assessed both through simulations and experimental results. It was established that the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) yielded good performance even under uncertain and variable parameters in the model, unlike the computed torque technique (CTT) or conventional PID control. And in terms of real-time implementation the availability of custom fuzzy chips and the reduced computational complexity of the fuzzy controller as against the CTT, makes the fuzzy controller, an ideal choice amongst the two schemes.
Kwon, DY, Vigneswaran, S, Fane, AG & Ben Aim, R 2000, 'Experimental determination of critical flux in cross-flow microfiltration', SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 169-181.
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Landers, P, Kerr, KG, Rowbotham, TJ, Tipper, JL, Keig, PM, Ingham, E & Denton, M 2000, 'Survival and Growth of Burkholderia cepacia Within the Free-Living Amoeba Acanthamoeba polyphaga', European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 121-123.
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LAW, SS & ZHU, XQ 2000, 'STUDY ON DIFFERENT BEAM MODELS IN MOVING FORCE IDENTIFICATION', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 234, no. 4, pp. 661-679.
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Lee, DK, Cheng, R, Nguyen, T, Fan, T, Kariyawasam, AP, Liu, Y, Osmond, DH, George, SR & O'Dowd, BF 2000, 'Characterization of Apelin, the Ligand for the APJ Receptor', Journal of Neurochemistry, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 34-41.
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Abstract: The apelin peptide was recently discovered and demonstrated to be the endogenous ligand for the G protein‐coupled receptor, APJ. A search of the GenBank databases retrieved a rat expressed sequence tag partially encoding the preproapelin sequence. The GenBank search also revealed a human sequence on chromosome Xq25‐26.1, containing the gene encoding preproapelin. We have used the rat sequence to screen a rat brain cDNA library to obtain a cDNA encoding the full‐length open reading frame of rat preproapelin. This cDNA encoded a protein of 77 amino acids, sharing an identity of 82% with human preproapelin. Northern and in situ hybridization analyses revealed both human and rat apelin and APJ to be expressed in the brain and periphery. Both sequence and mRNA expression distribution analyses revealed similarities between apelin and angiotensin II, suggesting they that share related physiological roles. A synthetic apelin peptide was injected intravenously into male Wistar rats, resulting in immediate lowering of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which persisted for several minutes. Intraperitoneal apelin injections induced an increase in drinking behavior within the first 30 min after injection, with a return to baseline within 1 h.
Lee, DK, Lynch, KR, Nguyen, T, Im, D-S, Cheng, R, Saldivia, VR, Liu, Y, Liu, ISC, Heng, HHQ, Seeman, P, George, SR, O’Dowd, BF & Marchese, A 2000, 'Cloning and characterization of additional members of the G protein-coupled receptor family', Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression, vol. 1490, no. 3, pp. 311-323.
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A search of the expressed sequence tag (EST) database retrieved a human cDNA sequence which partially encoded a novel G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR26. A human genomic DNA fragment encoding a partial open reading frame (ORF) and a rat cDNA encoding the full length ORF of GPR26 were obtained by library screening. The rat GPR26 cDNA encoded a protein of 317 amino acids, most similar (albeit distantly related) to the serotonin 5- HT(5A) and gastrin releasing hormone BB2 receptors. GPR26 mRNA expression analysis revealed signals in the striatum, pons, cerebellum and cortex. HEK293 and Rh7777 cells transfected with GPR26 cDNA displayed high basal cAMP levels, slow growth rate of clonal populations and derangements of normal cell shape. We also used a sequence reported only in the patent literature encoding GPR57 (a.k.a. HNHCI32) to PCR amplify a DNA fragment which was used to screen a human genomic library. This resulted in the cloning of a genomic fragment containing a pseudogene, ψGPR57, with a 99.6% nucleotide identity to GPR57. Based on shared sequence identities, the receptor encoded by GPR57 was predicted to belong to a novel subfamily of GPCRs together with GPR58 (a.k.a. phBL5, reported only in the patent literature), putative neurotransmitter receptor (PNR) and a 5-HT4 pseudogene. Analysis of this subfamily revealed greatest identities (~56%) between the receptors encoded by GPR57 and GPR58, each with shared identities of ~40% with PNR. Furthermore, ψGPR57, GPR58, PNR and the 5-HT4 pseudogene were mapped in a cluster localized to chromosome 6q22-24. PNR and GPR58 were expressed in COS cells, however no specific binding was observed for various serotonin receptor-specific ligands. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
Lee, S 2000, 'Oligomerization of Dopamine and Serotonin Receptors', Neuropsychopharmacology, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. S32-S40.
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Until recently, it has largely been assumed that G proteincoupled receptors (GPCRs) function as monomeric entities. However, over the past few years, we and others havedocumented that GPCRs can form dimers and oligomers, leading to a re-evaluation of the mechanisms thought tomediate GPCR function. Despite the growing number ofinvestigations into dimerization, little is known about thestructural basis of receptor-receptor interactions and thefunctional consequences of dimer formation. Here, wepresent a brief review of some insights we have gained intothe dimerization of dopamine and serotonin receptors. Wehave demonstrated that agonist-regulated trafficking isidentical for receptor monomers and dimers, however, agonist treatment appears to stabilise the receptor oligomers. An investigation of the structural assemblybetween receptors involved in dimerization showed thatthere are several sites of interaction including hydrophobictransmembrane domain interactions and intermoleculardisulphide bonds. We have also examined receptor hetero-oligomerization and demonstrated the potential for novelfunctions as a result of these associations. Finally, as aresult of these observations, we have been able to presentevidence that GPCRs function as oligomers in the cell. © 2000, American College of Neuropsychopharmacology.
Lee, SP, O'Dowd, BF, Ng, GYK, Varghese, G, Akil, H, Mansour, A, Nguyen, T & George, SR 2000, 'Inhibition of Cell Surface Expression by Mutant Receptors Demonstrates that D2 Dopamine Receptors Exist as Oligomers in the Cell', Molecular Pharmacology, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 120-128.
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Numerous mutant G protein-coupled receptors with diminished or no function have been described that are naturally occurring or that are the product of gene manipulation. It has largely been assumed that receptor mutants do not affect the function of the wild-type receptor; however, the occurrence of G protein-coupled receptor dimerization suggests the possibility that an intermolecular interaction between mutant and wild-type receptors can occur. We have shown previously that the D2 dopamine receptor (D2DR) exists as dimers in cell lines and brain tissue. In this study, we demonstrated that mutant D2DR can modulate the function of the wild-type D2DR. While attempting to elucidate the structure of the D2DR dimer, we demonstrated that nonfunctional D2DR substitution and truncation mutants antagonized wild-type D2DR function. Furthermore, from analyses of this interaction between the receptor mutants and the D2DR, using photoaffinity labeling, we provide evidence that the D2DR is oligomeric in the cell.
Lei, QP, Shannon, AG, Heller, RK & Lamb, DH 2000, 'Quantification of free polysaccharide in meningococcal polysaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccines.', Dev Biol (Basel), vol. 103, pp. 259-264.
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A precipitation method using deoxycholate/HCI has been applied successfully to separate unconjugated free polysaccharide from carrier protein-bound material in meningococcal polysaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccines. The method effectively separated free and bound polysaccharide in conjugate vaccines prepared from Neisseria meningitidis serotypes A, C, W135 and Y. Free polysaccharide remained in the supernatant after deoxycholate treatment while protein-bound polysaccharide was fully precipitated. Testing by both colorimetric assay and high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) has confirmed the selective loss of protein-bound polysaccharide in samples of conjugate vaccine or conjugate vaccine mixed with known amounts of free polysaccharide. This rapid separation method requires minimum sample handling and is specific, reproducible, and allows assessment of free polysaccharide levels in vaccines at final container concentration.
Li, H 2000, 'An assessment of depolarisation models of crossflow microfiltration by direct observation through the membrane', Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 172, no. 1-2, pp. 135-147.
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Li, J, Dong, G & Ramamohanarao, K 2000, 'Making Use of the Most Expressive Jumping Emerging Patterns for Classification', Knowledge Discovery And Data Mining, Proceedings: Current Issues And New Applications, vol. 1805, no. NA, pp. 220-232.
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Classification aims to discover a model from training data that can be used to predict the class of test instances. In this paper, we propose the use of jumping emerging patterns (JEPs) as the basis for a new classifier called them JEP-Classifier. Each J
Li, QS, Fang, JQ & Liu, DK 2000, 'Exact Solutions for Free Vibration of Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems with Nonperiodically Varying Parameters', Journal of Vibration and Control, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 449-462.
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An analysis of free vibration of single-degree-of-freedom (SDoF) systems with nonperiodically varying parameters, such as variable mass and stiffness, is presented and discussed in this paper The vari ations, relative to time, of mass and stiffness are expressed by the selection of suitable expressions such as power functions and exponential functions, and the general governing differential equation for free vi bration of SDoF systems with nonperiodically varying parameters is established. The exact solutions for free vibration of such time-varying systems are derived. The obtained solutions demonstrate that free vibra tion of several undamped systems with nonperiodically varying parameters cannot be induced by an initial disturbance.
Li, QS, Fang, JQ, Jeary, AP, Wong, CK & Liu, DK 2000, 'Evaluation of wind effects on a supertall building based on full-scale measurements', Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 1845-1862.
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Li, QS, Fang, JQ, Jeary, AP, Wong, CK & Liu, DK 2000, 'Evaluation of wind effects on a supertall building based on full-scale measurements', Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 1845-1862.
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This paper describes the results obtained from the full-scale measurements of wind effects on a 70-storey building in Hong Kong. The building which has a height of approximately 370 m is the second tallest structure in Hong Kong. The field data such as wind speed, wind direction and wind-induced acceleration responses have been measured since 1995 including the close passage of two typhoons; typhoon Sally and typhoon Kent. Detailed analysis of the field data is conducted. The full-scale measurements are compared with the wind tunnel results obtained in the Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Laboratory at Western Ontario University. The amplitude-dependent characteristics of damping and natural frequency that were obtained by using the random decrement technique are investigated. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
Li, QS, Li, GQ & Liu, DK 2000, 'Exact solutions for longitudinal vibration of rods coupled by translational springs', International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 1135-1152.
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Li, QS, Liu, DK, Fang, JQ & Tam, CM 2000, 'Multi-level optimal design of buildings with active control under winds using genetic algorithms', Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 65-86.
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Li, QS, Liu, DK, Fang, JQ, Jeary, AP & Wong, CK 2000, 'Damping in buildings: its neural network model and AR model', Engineering Structures, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1216-1223.
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Li, QS, Liu, DK, Leung, AYT, Zhang, N, Tam, CM & Yang, LF 2000, 'Modelling of structural response and optimization of structural control system using neural network and genetic algorithm', The Structural Design of Tall Buildings, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 279-293.
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Li, QS, Liu, DK, Leung, AYT, Zhang, N, Tam, CM & Yang, LF 2000, 'Modelling of structural response and optimization of structural control system using neural network and genetic algorithm', Structural Design of Tall Buildings, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 279-293.
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This paper proposes an integrated approach to the modelling and optimization of structural control systems in tall buildings. In this approach, an artificial neural network is applied to model the structural dynamic responses of tall buildings subjected to strong earthquakes, and a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the design problem of structural control systems, which constitutes a mixed-discrete, nonlinear and multi-modal optimization problem. The neural network model of the structural dynamic response analysis is included in the genetic algorithm and is used as a module of the structural analysis to estimate the dynamic responses of tall buildings. A numerical example is presented in which the general regression neural network is used to model the structural response analysis. The modelling method, procedure and the numerical results are discussed. Two Los Angeles earthquake records are adopted as earthquake excitations.
Lim, CC, Gowripalan, N & Sirivivatnanon, V 2000, 'Microcracking and chloride permeability of concrete under uniaxial compression', CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 353-360.
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Lin, C-T, Juang, C-F & Li, C-P 2000, 'Water bath temperature control with a neural fuzzy inference network', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 111, no. 2, pp. 285-306.
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Lowe, DB, Scott, CA & Bagia, R 2000, 'A skills development framework for learning computing tools in the context of engineering practice', European Journal of Engineering Education, vol. Volume 1, no. 0, pp. 45-56.
Lowe, DB, Scott, CA & Bagia, R 2000, 'A skills development framework for learning computing tools in the context of engineering practice', European Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 45-56.
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Informatics is a first-year subject in the new Bachelor of Engineering/Graduate Diploma in Engineering Practice degree at the University of Technology, Sydney. All undergraduate engineering students must do this subject irrespective of their intended engineering discipline (civil, mechanical, environmental systems, electrical, telecommunications, computer systems). The focus of this subject is to introduce students to computational tools (such as spreadsheets and programming languages) and information retrieval tools (such as the World Wide Web), which support engineering, as well as looking at the effective and professional use of these tools. Informatics has three core elements: the development of specific skills which will assist students in both their studies and their professional practice; the development of an ability to continue to develop further skills independently; and consideration of a wide variety of issues related to the computational tools that the students are using. Examples of the issues covered include: privacy; accuracy of content; fraud; security; the professional and ethical responsibility of engineers for the results of their calculations; selecting the best tool for the job; and limitations of computational tools. This paper will review the activities and challenges the students faced, describe the approaches that we adopted and the various issues we raised, the expected and actual outcomes arising from the activities, and our plans for the future of the subject. © 2000 Taylor & Francis Ltd.
Luk, KC, Ball, JE & Sharma, A 2000, 'A study of optimal model lag and spatial inputs to artificial neural network for rainfall forecasting', JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY, vol. 227, no. 1-4, pp. 56-65.
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Lukasiak, J & Burnett, IS 2000, 'Exploiting simultaneously masked linear prediction in a WI speech coder', 2000 IEEE Workshop on Speech Coding. Proceedings. Meeting the Challenges of the New Millennium (Cat. No.00EX421), pp. 11-13.
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Lukasiak, J & Burnett, IS 2000, 'Exploring the characteristics of analytic decomposition of speech signals', 2000 IEEE Workshop on Speech Coding. Proceedings. Meeting the Challenges of the New Millennium (Cat. No.00EX421), pp. 59-61.
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Lukasiak, J, Burnett, IS, Chicharo, JF & Thomson, MM 2000, 'Linear prediction incorporating simultaneous masking', 2000 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37100), vol. 3, pp. 1471-1474.
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Marjanovic, O 2000, 'Supporting the 'soft' side of business process reengineering.', Bus. Process. Manag. J., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 43-55.
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The contemporary business environment in which an organisation exists is becoming increasingly dynamic. The pressing need to improve the existing business processes in an organisation, results in the appearance of a new field called Business Process Reengineering (BPR). However, despite more and more innovative technological solutions for business processes, resistance to change continues to be the biggest BPR obstacle. According to many experts, this is the main reason why reengineering projects in many organisations fail. This paper investigates the “soft” side of BPR (i.e. its human aspects). More precisely, it focuses on ways information technology (IT), in particular group support systems (GSS), can support the soft side of BPR and reduce resistance to change. In this way, the paper introduces the third level of integration of IT and BPR, in addition to the two levels already described in the literature. The approach is illustrated by an example of a company that used GSS during its reengineering efforts. © 2000, MCB UP Limited
McGloin, D & Dunn, MH 2000, 'Simple theory of microwave induced transparency in atomic and molecular systems', Journal of Modern Optics, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 1887-1897.
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In recent years the idea of electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic systems using a microwave coupling field has been discussed. We present theoretical work on how this may be achieved in both Doppler systems, and by extension in non-Doppler broadened systems. By considering the specific example of atomic rubidium we demonstrate the feasibility and practical difficulties of such an experiment. By considering systems with appropriate rotational-vibration structure we conclude that microwave induced transparency in gas vapours is more readily achievable in molecular systems. © 2000 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
McGloin, D, Dunn, MH & Fulton, DJ 2000, 'Polarization effects in electromagnetically induced transparency', Physical Review A, vol. 62, no. 5.
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McGloin, D, Turnbull, GA & Dunn, MH 2000, 'Electromagnetically induced focussing effects in four level media', Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science (QELS) - Technical Digest Series, pp. 64-65.
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An attempt was made to model the refraction due to two different Rabi frequencies, a lower value of 120 MHz corresponding to the outer edge of the coupling field and a higher one of 300 MHz corresponding to the center of the coupling field. The difference in the refraction produced by these two Rabi frequencies gave a measure of the lensing action on the probe. Positive values of this difference imply a converging lens, while negative values imply a diverging lens.
Mcnie, CM, Barton, DC, Ingham, E, Tipper, JL, Fisher, J & Stone, MH 2000, 'The prediction of polyethylene wear rate and debris morphology produced by microscopic asperities on femoral heads', Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 163-174.
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Mengkang Peng, Sasabo, MF, Hingjie Jay Guo, Downing, OJ & Barton, SK 2000, 'Frame-extended linear decorrelating detector for asynchronous CDMA', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1918-1927.
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Min-Hsiung Hung, Orin, DE & Waldron, KJ 2000, 'Efficient formulation of the force distribution equations for general tree-structured robotic mechanisms with a mobile base', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 529-538.
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In this paper, an efficient and systematic formulation of the force distribution equations for general tree-structured robotic mechanisms is presented. The applicable platforms include not only systems with star topologies, such as walking machines that have multiple legs with a single body, but also general tree-structured mechanisms, such as variably configured wheeled vehicles having multiple modules. The force balance equations that govern the relationship between the contact forces and the resultant inertial forces/moments of the vehicle will be derived through a recursive and computationally efficient algorithm. Also, the joint torque constraints that specify the joint actuator limits, and contact friction constraints that may be used to avoid slippage and maintain contact, are efficiently incorporated in the formulation. Based on this formulation, several standard optimization techniques, such as linear programming or quadratic programming, can be applied to obtain the solution. An algorithm summarizing the results developed, and suitable for computer implementation, is included. The algorithm has been applied to an n-module actively articulated wheeled vehicle, and the computational cost evaluated. The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated with results showing real-time execution on a Pentium PC.
Missiroli, M, Yingjie Jay Guo & Barton, SK 2000, 'Near-far resistant channel estimation for CDMA systems using the linear decorrelating detector', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 514-524.
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The well-known linear decorrelating detector (LDD) for direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems provides near-far resistant performance when the timing of each user is accurately known. Traditional CDMA acquisition techniques suffer from high differences in power levels. The estimation accuracy for a user overwhelmed by stronger ones is likely to be unsatisfactory; at the same time, the interference from a user undergoing acquisition or tracking is not removed by the standard LDD. In this paper, a fully near-far resistant technique for acquisition and tracking for asynchronous CDMA systems applying the LDD is proposed, considering realistic band-limited signals. This technique is based on the adoption of a pair of special sequences equivalent to a dedicated access channel and is shown to provide a relatively fast and robust means to perform channel estimation both in case of single- and multipath channels.
Mitchell, AD, Loganathan, P, Payn, TW & Tillman, RW 2000, 'Magnesium fertiliser dissolution rates in pumice soils under Pinus radiata', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL RESEARCH, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 753-767.
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Application of Mg fertilisers has been suggested as a means of reducing the incidence of Mg deficiency of forest trees in New Zealand and Europe. The objective of this study was to determine the rates of dissolution of a range of Mg fertilisers applied to a pumice soil (Typic Udivitrand). The rate of fertiliser dissolution was little influenced by whether the fertiliser was applied directly on to the soil surface (litter removed) or on to the litter layer in a Pinus radiata plantation. Twenty-seven months since fertiliser application the mean (with and without litter) percentage of Mg dissolved was in the sequence: Epsom salts > calcined magnesite 1-2 mm > granmag (a partially acidulated and granulated calmag product) > calcined magnesite 2-4 mm > forestry grade dolomite. The specific dissolution rate constants (μg/cm2.day of fertiliser) for the slowly soluble Mg fertilisers calculated using an elemental sulfur oxidation cubic model were 587 for calcined magnesite 1-2 mm, 426 for calcined magnesite 2-4 mm, 385 for granmag, and 18 for forestry grade dolomite. In a laboratory incubation study the elemental sulfur oxidation cubic model described the rate of dissolution of Mg fertilisers within narrow fertiliser particle size ranges. The specific fertiliser dissolution rate constants, however, increased with decreases in particle size, suggesting that the rate of dissolution depends on factors other than surface area when particle sizes varied widely. Slowly soluble, alkaline Mg fertilisers had a significant liming effect on the soil. They were more effective in increasing soil exchangeable Mg than soluble Mg salts over a long-period and therefore, they are better fertilisers for P. radiata.
Nemcik, JA 2000, 'Floor failure analysis at a longwall mining face based on the multiple sliding block model', Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 175-192.
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This paper presents an analytical model of a floor failure at a longwall coal mining face based on the multiple sliding block model. During longwall mining, stresses and displacements of strata are constantly changing. High stress concentrations at the coal face can exceed the rock strength and initiate fractures in the strata that can, under unfavourable conditions, lead to large floor displacements and disruption of mining operations. Underground observations of the rock floor and the computational modelling of the longwall face indicate that two types of fracture dominate floor failure. Extensive lateral fracturing often develops along the numerous weak bedding planes that are typically present in the sedimentary strata while sub-vertical fractures form in response to changing stress abutments ahead of the longwall coal face. The fractures that initially develop ahead of the longwall face are subject to a "secondary" movement when exposed ahead of the longwall supports. In response to the stress relief as the coal is mined from above. Strata move towards the opening and bending of the floor occurs. If fractures in the floor exist, the floor blocks will displace in response to the floor movement and interact at the fractured surfaces. This analysis attempts to explain how the stress distribution develops within the broken floor during an active movement of floor strata leading to high stress concentrations at the floor level. The analytical formulation in this paper is supplemented by numerical modelling, and results are presented to verify that the analytical solutions are in accordance with the numerical predictions.
Ngo, HH, Vigneswaran, S, Kim, SH, Bidkar, A & Moon, H 2000, 'Microfiltration-adsorption hybrid system in organics removal from water', Water Science and Technology, vol. 41, no. 10-11, pp. 51-57.
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A series of experiments was conducted with a Millipore flat plate microfiltration module modified to incorporate in-line powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition. In-line PAC was mixed continuously through a spiral mixing device for a predetermined time prior entering a membrane unit. The results showed that this system is excellent in removing fulvic acid (FA). This system provides to sufficient contact time for PAC to adsorb organics compared to the system with in-line adsorbent addition. More than 85% of FA was removed from water containing 8 mg/l of FA. To achieve this following conditions were used:.(i) a velocity gradient G (mixing intensity) of 160.4 s–1; (ii) a hydraulic residence time (mixing time) of 4 minutes; (iii) a PAC dose of 260 mg/l; and (iv) membrane pore size of 0.22 μm. In case of low FA concentration (e.g. 1.2 mg/l) in water, the removal efficiency was almost 100%. The removal efficiency also increased with the increase of mixing intensity and mixing time. The permeate flux slightly improved when a membrane of pore size 0.22 μm was used with shorter hydraulic residence time and lower PAC concentration. This paper presents a mathematical model developed based on surface diffusion. The model successfully predicted the performance of this hybrid system.
Nguyen, HB, Rivers, EP, Havstad, S, Knoblich, B, Ressler, JA, Muzzin, AM & Tomlanovich, MC 2000, 'Critical Care in the Emergency Department A Physiologic Assessment and Outcome Evaluation', Academic Emergency Medicine, vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 1354-1361.
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Abstract. Objectives: The changing landscape of health care in this country has seen an increase in the delivery of care to critically ill patients in the emergency department (ED). However, methodologies to assess care and outcomes similar to those used in the intensive care unit (ICU) are currently lacking in this setting. This study examined the impact of ED intervention on morbidity and mortality using the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II), the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II), and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (MODS). Methods: This was a prospective, observational cohort study over a three‐month period. Critically ill adult patients presenting to a large urban ED and requiring ICU admission were enrolled. APACHE II, SAPS II, and MODS scores and predicted mortality were obtained at ED admission, ED discharge, and 24, 48, and 72 hours in the ICU. In‐hospital mortality was recorded. Results: Eighty‐one patients aged 64 ± 18 years were enrolled during the study period, with a 30.9% in‐hospital mortality. The ED length of stay was 5.9 ± 2.7 hours and the hospital length of stay was 12.2 ± 16.6 days. Nine (11.1%) patients initially accepted for ICU admission were later admitted to the general ward after ED intervention. Septic shock was the predominant admitting diagnosis. At ED admission, there was a significantly higher APACHE II score in nonsurvivors (23.0 ± 6.0) vs survivors (19.8 ± 6.5, p = 0.04), while there was no significant difference in SAPS II or MODS scores. The APACHE II, SAPS II, and MODS scores were significantly lower in survivors than nonsurvivors throughout the hospital stay (p ≤ 0.001). The hourly rates of change (decreases) in APACHE II, SAPS II, and MODS scores were significantly greater during the ED stay (‐0.55 ± 0.64, ‐1.02 ± 1.10, and ‐0.16 ± 0.43, respectively) than subsequent periods o...
Nguyen, TV, Blangero, J & Eisman, JA 2000, 'Genetic Epidemiological Approaches to the Search for Osteoporosis Genes', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 392-401.
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Abstract Important progress has been made in the identification of specific environmental factors and estimation of hereditary components in bone density, quantitative ultrasound (QUS), and bone turnover indices. By contrast, the search for specific genes that regulate bone mass has progressed rather slowly, and the results are more difficult to interpret and reproduce. This article reviews the genetics of osteoporosis and problems plaguing genetic research. It is argued that the search for genes involved in the expression of osteoporotic phenotypes should be based on linkage studies in relatively homogeneous populations. Strategies for increasing the power of studies, such as making use of information from extended pedigrees and multivariate analysis, are discussed. With the advent of a comprehensive human genetic linkage map, a complete identification of genes for osteoporosis appears feasible. Understanding the genetic mechanisms and their interactions with environmental factors should allow more focused and cost-effective osteoporosis prevention and treatment strategies.
Nguyen, TV, Center, JR & Eisman, JA 2000, 'Association between breast cancer and bone mineral density: the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study', Maturitas, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 27-34.
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Nguyen, TV, Pocock, NA & Eisman, JA 2000, 'Interpretation of Bone Mineral Density Measurement and Its Change', Journal of Clinical Densitometry, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 107-119.
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O'Dowd, BF, Lee, DK, Huang, W, Nguyen, T, Cheng, R, Liu, Y, Wang, B, Gershengorn, MC & George, SR 2000, 'TRH-R2 exhibits similar binding and acute signaling but distinct regulation and anatomic distribution compared with TRH-R1.', Mol Endocrinol, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 183-193.
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TRH (thyroliberin) is a tripeptide (pGlu-His-ProNH2) that signals via G protein-coupled receptors. Until recently, only a single receptor for TRH was known (TRH-R1), but two groups identified a second receptor, TRH-R2. We independently discovered TRH-R2. Using an extensive set of TRH analogs, we found no differences in TRH-R1 and TRH-R2 binding or in acute stimulation of signaling. TRH-R2 was more rapidly internalized upon binding TRH and exhibited a greater level of TRH-induced down-regulation than TRH-R1. During prolonged exposure to TRH, cells expressing TRH-R2 exhibited a lower level of gene induction than cells expressing TRH-R1. TRH-R2 receptor mRNA was present in very discrete nuclei and regions of rat brain. A major mRNA transcript for TRH-R2 was seen in the cerebral cortex, pons, thalamus, hypothalamus, and midbrain with faint bands found in the striatum and pituitary. The extensive distribution of TRH-R2 in the brain suggests that it mediates many of the known functions of TRH that are not transduced by TRH-R1. The variations in agonist-induced internalization and down-regulation/desensitization, and anatomic distribution of TRH-R2 compared with TRH-R1, suggest important functional differences between the two receptors.
Oppermann, I & Rapajic, PB 2000, 'Capacity of a band-limited CDMA MMSE receiver-based system when combined with trellis or convolutional coding', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 48, no. 8, pp. 1328-1337.
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Oppermann, I, van Rooyen, P & Kohno, R 2000, 'Guest editorial spread spectrum for global communications II', IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1-5.
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Parry, JJ, Burnett, IS & Chicharo, JF 2000, 'Language-specific phonetic structure and the quantisation of the spectral envelope of speech', Speech Communication, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 229-250.
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Partlett, MJ & Thomas, PS 2000, 'Characterization of surface-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres by inverse gas chromatography', Polymer International, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 495-500.
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The effect of surface cleanliness on the alkaline hydrolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres was investigated using inverse gas chromatography (IGC) in conjunction with mass loss measurements and electron microscopy. The sizing agent was removed from the fibre surface by two methods: soxhlet cleaning in acetone and washing in an aqueous solution of a non-ionic detergent. Alkaline hydrolysis was carried out using two concentrations of aqueous sodium hydroxide, 1% and 10% by mass. The measurement of the specific retention volume of undecane and the heat of adsorption using IGC indicated that the acetone cleaned samples were essentially surface contaminant free, while partial contamination of the surface by the sizing agent remained in the detergent cleaned samples. The presence of sizing agent significantly altered the degree of hydrolysis and the surface topography. The increasing values of the heat of adsorption indicated that significant surface hydrolysis increased the surface crystallinity.
Partlett, MJ & Thomas, PS 2000, 'Characterization of surface-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres by inverse gas chromatography', Polymer International, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 495-500.
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Perry, SW & Guan, L 2000, 'Weight assignment for adaptive image restoration by neural networks', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 156-170.
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Popescu, DC & Bone, D 2000, 'Combinatorial approach to representing subsets of coefficients for signal compression schemes', Electronics Letters, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 760-760.
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Power, C, Gladden, JGB, Halliday, W, Del Bigio, MR, Nath, A, Ni, W, Major, EO, Blanchard, J & Mowat, M 2000, 'AIDS- and non–AIDS-related PML association with distinct p53 polymorphism', Neurology, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 743-743.
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A population-based analysis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) showed PML frequencies of 5.1% among patients with AIDS and 0.07% among patients with hematologic malignancies, but similar clinical features of PML in both groups. Sequencing of the p53 gene, exon 4, showed heterozygosity (Arg-Pro) at codon 72 in five of six PML patients. These findings indicate that frequencies of non-AIDS- and AIDS-related PML differ markedly but p53 polymorphisms may influence the occurrence of PML in both groups.
Pradhan, B & Kumar, S 2000, 'Finite Element Analysis of Low-Velocity Impact Damage in Composite Laminates', Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 322-339.
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This paper investigates the low-velocity impact behaviour and impact-induced damages in graphite/epoxy composite laminates. A three-dimensional finite element and transient dynamic analysis is performed to calculate the time-varying displacements, forces, strains and stresses throughout the laminate resulting from transverse impact. A layered version of an eight-noded isoparametric brick element with incompatible modes is used to model the laminate. Transient dynamic equilibrium equation is integrated step-by-step with respect to time using Newmark direct time integration method. Modified Hertzian contact law is used to model the local contact behaviour. Appropriate three-dimensional failure criteria are used for predicting the occurrence of matrix cracking and the extent of delamination after impact.
PRADHAN, B & KUMAR, S 2000, 'Finite Element Analysis of Low-Velocity Impact Damage in Composite Laminates', Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 322-339.
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Raad, RS, Dutkiewicz, E & Chicharo, J 2000, 'Connection admission control in micro-cellular multi-service mobile networks', Proceedings ISCC 2000. Fifth IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, pp. 600-606.
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This paper investigates the use of fixed bandwidth reservation for Multi-service mobile networks. In particular it extends previous fixed Multi-service network results to the mobile scenario and presents analytical and simulation results for new and handover call blocking probabilities. It also investigates the performance sensitivity to different traffic load ratios as well as the cell dwell time distribution.
Ramirez, CD, Sleiman, RJ, Catchpoole, DR & Stewart, BW 2000, 'Morphological and molecular evidence of differentiation during etoposide-induced apoptosis in human lymphoblastoid cells', Cell Death & Differentiation, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 548-555.
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The relationship between apoptosis and cell differentiation has been a subject for continuous debate, with evidence showing leukaemic cell differentiation and drug-induced apoptosis have reciprocal, interdependent and a highly schedule-dependent relationship. We have addressed this relationship in terms of a widely-used model for apoptosis induced by cytotoxic drugs: namely the effect of etoposide on CEM cells. In respect of commitment toward differentiation, we assessed changes in expression of marker genes and the level of CD3 antigenicity. Changes in these parameters following exposure of CEM cells to etoposide was similar to that observed following treatment of the same cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), though this latter treatment did not cause cell death. Similarities in response to etoposide and PMA also included generation of 50 kilobase fragmentation of DNA and convolution of nuclei as assessed by transmission electron microscopy. However, condensation of chromatin and externalization of phosphatidylserine were only recorded in response to the cytotoxic drug and not in response to PMA. The data are consistent with apoptosis in these lymphoblastoid cells being accompanied by activation of specific markers of T-cell differentiation, but ultimately involving processes unequivocally associated with cell death.
Randell, AG, Nguyen, TV, Bhalerao, N, Silverman, SL, Sambrook, PN & Eisman, JA 2000, 'Deterioration in Quality of Life Following Hip Fracture: A Prospective Study', Osteoporosis International, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 460-466.
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Ritz, CH, Burnett, IS & Lukasiak, J 2000, 'Very low rate speech coding using temporal decomposition and waveform interpolation', 2000 IEEE Workshop on Speech Coding. Proceedings. Meeting the Challenges of the New Millennium (Cat. No.00EX421), pp. 29-31.
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Rosowsky, DV, Stewart, MG & Khor, EH 2000, 'Early-age loading and long-term deflections of reinforced concrete beams', ACI Structural Journal, vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 517-524.
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This paper examines the effects of early-age (construction) loads on the long-term deflections of reinforced concrete (RC) flexural members. Particular consideration is given to simply supported, singly reinforced rectangular beams. The probabilistic analysis of time-dependent deflections takes into account concrete maturation, nonlinear creep and shrinkage behavior, and load process models for both service and construction. While this paper summarizes the time-dependent analysis technique (reported in detail elsewhere), the focus of this paper is on evaluating the effects of early-age loading on the long-term deflection and on practical implications for deflection serviceability design of RC members.
Roughan, R, Veitch, D & Abry, P 2000, 'Real-time estimation of the parameters of long-range dependence', IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 467-478.
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Saco, P & Kumar, P 2000, 'Coherent modes in multiscale variability of streamflow over the United States', Water Resources Research, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 1049-1067.
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Motivated by the need to understand large‐scale hydrologic response, significant research has been directed toward the identification of coherent regions using characteristics of streamflow variability. Typically, these regions are delineated using principal component analysis on streamflow. This method does not account for differences in temporal scales of fluctuations embedded in the time series. To capture this, we use wavelet spectral analysis. Wavelet spectra from the specific streamflow series are obtained for outflow binned at 3°‐length segments along the border of the conterminous United States. Rotated principal component analysis is performed on the wavelet spectra to obtain clusters of segments that exhibit similar distribution of variability across scales. Three physically distinct modes explain over 89% of the variability. Two of the modes identified are associated with high variability at seasonal scales, and the third is associated with high variability at small timescales. The runoff generation mechanisms underlying the observed modes of multiscale variability of various regions are also discussed. Each of these coherent modes of multiscale variability indicate the existence of regions with similar scales of fluctuations that are located geographically apart, as well as regions located geographically close with dissimilar scales of fluctuations.
Sadiq, W, Marjanovic, O & Orlowska, ME 2000, 'Managing Change and Time in Dynamic Workflow Processes.', Int. J. Cooperative Inf. Syst., vol. 9, no. 1-2, pp. 93-116.
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Sargent, CJ, Bowman, JC & Zhou, JL 2000, 'Levels of antifoulant irgarol 1051 in the Conwy Marina, North Wales', Chemosphere, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 1755-1760.
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Irgarol 1051 (2-methylthio-4-tert-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamino-s-triazine) is an antifouling agent used in paint formulations that are applied to the hulls of ships. A survey was carried out at Conwy Marina in North Wales to determine the levels of the herbicide over a period of three months. Liquid/liquid extraction was used to concentrate the analyte for quantitative analysis using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The concentrations of Irgarol 1051 in Conwy marina ranged from 7 to 543 ng/l, similar to the levels found in many other marinas, estuaries and ports in England, although much lower than those in Cote d’Azur, France. The concentrations of Irgarol 1051 were not found to be influenced by salinity, pH or temperature, although there is a strong correlation between the average concentrations of Irgarol 1051 and the density of boating activity. At the levels found in the marina, it is possible that non-target photosynthetic inhibition could occur. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Sheng, D & Smith, DW 2000, 'Numerical modelling of competitive components transport with non-linear adsorption', International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 47-71.
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Sheng, D, Sloan, SW & Yu, HS 2000, 'Aspects of finite element implementation of critical state models', Computational Mechanics, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 185-196.
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Sloan, SW, Sheng, D & Abbo, AJ 2000, 'Accelerated initial stiffness schemes for elastoplasticity', International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 579-599.
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Stuart, BH & Thomas, PS 2000, 'The characterisation of plastic used in a Gabo sculpture', POLYMER TESTING, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 953-957.
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Thomas, P & Ray, AS 2000, 'Processing initiated failure of toughened glass panels', Chemistry in Australia, vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 12-14.
Thompson, MD, Gonzalez, N, Nguyen, T, Comings, DE, George, SR & O'Dowd, BF 2000, 'Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms in alcohol dependence', Alcohol, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 61-67.
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The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene is a candidate gene in alcohol dependence because serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) can alleviate alcohol withdrawal. Studies of the 5-HTT gene in alcohol dependence have not resulted in a consensus. Recent studies have examined the transcriptionally active promoter polymorphism, a 44-bp deletion resulting in short (S) or long (L) alleles. In this study, 131 alcohol-dependent patients of Northern and Western European descent were genotyped. Seventy of these patients were diagnosed with alcohol dependence without comorbid disorders. Sixty-one patients were diagnosed with alcohol dependence comorbid with Tourette syndrome (alcoholic-TS). We found an excess of the S allele in alcohol-dependent patients (47%) compared with 125 ethnically matched controls (39%). A similar trend was found in 150 ethnically matched TS patients without alcohol dependence comorbidity (51%). However, the statistical significance of this trend in the data was not present after Bonferroni correction. The data presented suggests a trend toward increased frequency of the S promoter allele in alcohol-dependent, alcoholic-TS and TS patients. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc.
Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Hailey, JL, Besong, AA, Fisher, J, Wroblewski, BM & Stone, MH 2000, 'Quantitative analysis of polyethylene wear debris, wear rate and head damage in retrieved Charnley hip prostheses', Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 117-124.
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Submicrometer- and micrometer-sized ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear particles have been associated with osteolysis and failure of total artificial joints. Previous studies have isolated predominantly submicrometer-sized particles at the expense of larger particles ( > 10 μm). This study aimed to isolate and characterize quantitatively all sizes of UHMWPE wear particles generated in 18 Charnley hip prostheses. In addition, to analyze the wear debris with respect to the total volumetric wear of the cup and damage to the femoral head. Particle size distributions ranged from 0.1 to - > 1000 μm. A significant proportion (3-82%) of the mass of the wear debris isolated was > 10 μm. The mode of the frequency distribution of the particles was in the range 0.1-0.5 μm for all patients. However, analysis of the mass of wear debris as a function of its size allowed differentiation of the wear debris from different patients. Femoral head damage was associated with high volumetric wear and increased numbers of biologically active submicrometer-sized particles. (C) 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Tran, T 2000, 'Risk factors for postcesarean surgical site infection', Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol. 95, no. 3, pp. 367-371.
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Trinh, H & Ha, Q 2000, 'Design of linear functional observers for linear systems with unknown inputs', International Journal of Systems Science, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 741-749.
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This paper presents a reduced-order linear functional state observer for linear systems with unknown inputs. A simple observer construction procedure is provided. A numerical example is given to illustrate the properties of the observer. The example deals with a linear system comprising of 20 states, 2 inputs, 10 outputs and 5 unknown inputs for which a fourth-order observer is designed to estimate two linear functions of the states.
Tuan, HD & Hosoe, S 2000, 'Multivariable circle criteria for multiparameter singularly perturbed systems', IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 720-725.
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Tuan, HD, Apkarian, P & Nakashima, Y 2000, 'New Lagrangian dual global optimization algorithm for solving bilinear matrix inequalities', International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 571-578.
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A new global optimization algorithm for solving bilinear matrix inequalities (BMI) problems is developed. It is based on a dual Lagrange formulation for computing lower bounds that are used in a branching procedure to eliminate partition sets in the space of complicating variables. The advantage of the proposed method is twofold. First, the lower bound computations reduce to solving easily tractable linear matrix inequality (LMI) problems. Secondly, the lower bounding procedure guarantees global convergence of the algorithm when combined with an exhaustive partitioning of the space of complicating variables. A rigorous proof of this fact is provided. Another important feature is that the branching phase takes place in the space of complicating variables only, hence limiting the overall cost of the algorithm. Also, an important point in the method is that separated LMI constraints are encapsulated into an augmented BMI for improving the lower bound computations. Applications of the algorithm to robust structure/controller design are considered.
Tuan, HD, Apkarian, P, Hosoe, S & Tuy, H 2000, 'D.C. optimization approach to robust control: Feasibility problems', International Journal of Control, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 89-104.
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Tuan, HD, Hosoe, S & Tuy, H 2000, 'DC optimization approach to robust controls: the optimal scaling value problem', IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 1903-1909.
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Tuan, HD, Yamada, Y & Hara, S 2000, 'Remarks on a global optimization algorithm for H/sub ∞/ control [and reply]', IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 1925-1928.
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Turnbull, GA, McGloin, D, Lindsay, ID, Ebrahimzadeh, M & Dunn, MH 2000, 'Extended mode-hop-free tuning by use of a dual-cavity, pump-enhanced optical parametric oscillator', Optics Letters, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 341-341.
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Turnbull, GA, McGloin, D, Lindsay, ID, Ebrahimzadeh, M & Dunn, MH 2000, 'Extended mode-hop-free tuning using a dual-cavity, pump-enhanced optical parametric oscillator', Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO 2000). Technical Digest. Postconference Edition. TOPS Vol.39 (IEEE Cat. No.00CH37088), pp. 521-522.
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This paper reports extended spectral tuning in PPLN-based PE-SROs. The devices described exhibit coarse wavelength tuning from 2.7 to 5.3 μm and smooth single-frequency scanning ranges of over 10 GHz. The latter is accomplished by a novel dual-cavity configuration in which mode-hopping is suppressed.
Turner, JC & Shannon, AG 2000, 'On Fibonacci sequences, geometry, and the m-square equation', FIBONACCI QUARTERLY, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 98-103.
Val, DV, Stewart, MG & Melchers, RE 2000, 'Life‐Cycle Performance of RC Bridges: Probabilistic Approach', Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 14-25.
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This article addresses the problem of reliability assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) bridges during their service life. First, a probabilistic model for assessment of time‐dependent reliability of RC bridges is presented, with particular emphasis placed on deterioration of bridges due to corrosion of reinforcing steel. The model takes into account uncertainties associated with materials properties, bridge dimensions, loads, and corrosion initiation and propagation. Time‐dependent reliabilities are considered for ultimate and serviceability limit states. Examples illustrate the application of the model. Second, updating of predictive probabilistic models using site‐specific data is considered. Bayesian statistical theory that provides a mathematical basis for such updating is outlined briefly, and its implementation for the updating of information about bridge properties using inspection data is described in more detail. An example illustrates the effect of this updating on bridge reliability.
Veitch, D, Taqqu, MS & Abry, P 2000, 'Meaningful MRA initialization for discrete time series', Signal Processing, vol. 80, no. 9, pp. 1971-1983.
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Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH, Hashimoto, K, Hasegawa, T & Watanabe, Y 2000, 'High rate floating medium flocculation-filtration with in-line polysilicato-iron (PSI) addition', ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 317-325.
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The performance of a high rate floating medium flocculation-filtration system with an in-line addition of a silica-polymer compound, namely polysilicato-iron (PSI) has been investigated for water treatment. This study is intended to investigate the applicability of PSI as a sole flocculant or as a combined flocculant with an organic polymer in the downflow floating medium filter. The filter system was operated at a high loading rate of up to 60 m3 m-2 h-1. Filter column experiments were conducted at different PSI doses, filtration rates, filter depths and buoyant medium types and sizes. Results showed the filter system was able to yield uniform and filterable flocs (15 - 20 µm), even at a very high filtration rate of 60 m-3 h-1, through out the filter run time of 4 hours. Better filter performance was obtained when: (i) polystyrene beads of 1.9 mm diameter or polypropylene beads of 3.8 mm diameter; (ii) an in-line single dosage of 2.5 mg l-1 PSI; (iii) in-line combined dosages of 1.5 mg l-1 PSI and 0.4-0.6 mg l-1 organic polymers (cationic polyacrylamides, cationic polystyrene or Pollyallylamine hydrochloride) were used. When PSI was introduced as a sole flocculant, more than 90% turbidity was removed from a 54 NTU artificial kaolin clay suspension at a filtration rate of 30 m-3 m-2h-1 with very low headloss development. Greater removals were achieved when SIF was used in combination with a polymer (e.g.greater than 95% turbidity removal). Frequent (once in every 90 minutes) but short duration backwash (less than 60 s) by air and water enables the system to maintain a superior effluent quality (e.g. turbidity less than 1 NTU) during the filter run. Backwash water requirement was very low (approximately 1%-2% of filtered water production). A lower amount of sludge was produced from the filter in case of combined PSI and organic polymer coagulant addition.
Vu, KAT & Stewart, MG 2000, 'Structural reliability of concrete bridges including improved chloride-induced corrosion models', Structural Safety, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 313-333.
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A structural deterioration reliability (probabilistic) model has been used herein to calculate probabilities of structural failure. New reinforced concrete corrosion initiation, corrosion rate and time-variant load models are proposed. Three durability design specifications are considered in a lifetime reliability analysis of a RC slab bridge. Time-variant increases in loads are considered also. It was found that the application of de-icing salts causes significant long-term deterioration and reduction in structural safety for poor durability design specifications. A reduced cover or increased water-cement ratio increases failure probabilities. When compared to the case of 'no deterioration', it was observed also that the probability of failure only marginally increased for good durability design specifications. The approaches described herein are relevant to other physical infrastructure also. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Waldron, KJ & Hubert, CJ 2000, 'Control of contact forces in wheeled and legged off-road vehicles', EXPERIMENTAL ROBOTICS VI, vol. 250, pp. 205-214.
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The use of variable configuration vehicles creates the possibility of direct control of the contact forces between the foot or wheel of a vehicle and the ground. That control is an important element of the coordination of practical walking machines. Cont
Wang, J & Yan, H 2000, 'A hybrid method for unconstrained handwritten numeral recognition by combining structural and neural “gas” classifiers', Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 21, no. 6-7, pp. 625-635.
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Abstract: This paper presents a hybrid method for handwritten numeral recognition that combines two compensatory recognition algorithms by analysing their performance for several aspects. The skeleton-based structural recognition algorithm employed in this method is robust under distortion but sensitive to noise and flaws. On the other hand, the neural network classifier, which uses scaled binary images as features and the neural "gas" model for classification, is relatively immune to noise and flaws but sensitive to distortion. The different performances of the two algorithms for broken, connected or slanted numerals, and the measurement-level decision provided by the neural network are detected and combined with different strategies to develop matching rules for each recognition method. Five combination methods based on performance analysis are developed to meet different requirements. As the two algorithms have fairly compensatory properties, the proposed method improves the recognition rate and reliability by exploiting the advantages and avoiding the weaknesses of each classifier. The experimental results from a large set of data show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method.
Watterson, PA 2000, 'Energy calculation of a permanent magnet system by surface and flux integrals (the flux-mmf method)', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 470-475.
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Watterson, PA, Woodard, JC, Ramsden, VS & Reizes, JA 2000, 'VentrAssist hydrodynamically suspended, open, centrifugal blood pump', ARTIFICIAL ORGANS, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 475-477.
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Wei, D, Han, J, Xie, J, Fu, C, Wang, L & He, Y 2000, 'Experimental study on inner crack healing in steel during hot plastic deforming', Jinshu Xuebao/Acta Metallurgica Sinica, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 622-625.
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The test that tries to heal inner crack in 20MnMo steel and 20 steel was carried out by using HIGH-MULTI 5000 hot-press equipment. Under the hot plastic deforming, the inner crack can be healed completely and ferrite has been discovered in the healing area. Contrasting to the resuts of high temperature healing treatment without plastic deforming, the healing process with hot plastic deforming is developed rapidly. Structural inhomogeneity between healing area and matrix can not be improved.
Wei, D, Han, J, Xie, J, Fu, C, Wang, L & He, Y 2000, 'Steel crack healing at elevated temperature in vacuum', Jinshu Xuebao/Acta Metallurgica Sinica, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 713-717.
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The method of dissected sample heat treatment in vacuum was tried to study inner crack healing in steel at elevated temperature. The dissected samples with prepared inner crack were encapsulated in quartz glass tubes of 133×10-4 Pa, then were heat treated at elevated temperature. The cracks on section planes of 20MnMo, 20 and 45 steels were healed, and the ferrite appears in healing area. The results are similar as that of intact sample heat treatment, which indicates that the dissected sample heat treatment method is feasible for studying inner crack healing in steel. It was deduced that surface cracks of steel could be healed in vacuum environment at elevated temperature if it was not covered by oxide. The welding at elevated temperature is more effective for crack healing than other mechanisms during higher temperature.
Wei, D, Han, J, Xie, J, Hu, H, Chen, J & He, Y 2000, 'Study on inner crack healing at elevated temperature in metals', Beijing Keji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 245-248.
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The results of research on the healing in pure copper and carbon steel are shown herewith. The inner crack could be healed at elevated temperature. It suggests that the healing of long crack could depend on the 'separate healing' mechanism, in which forming of partition is an important stage. It results in that the long crack transformed into a row of tiny smooth cracks and round holes. The diffusivity of Fe atoms to crack healing area is higher than other elements.
Willey, K 2000, 'Selecting a pedestal for tracking LEO satellites at Ka band', MICROWAVE JOURNAL, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 118-+.
Wu, C, Hao, H & Zhou, Y 2000, 'Statistical Properties of the Bukit Timah Granite in Singapore', Journal of Testing and Evaluation, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 36-43.
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AbstractThe mechanical behavior of rock mass is affected strongly by its material properties. This paper carries out statistical analyses of the material properties of a rock mass. Statistical analyses of the material constants and the initial damage parameter of the rock mass are performed by using both field and laboratory test data. Based on the measured properties of rock specimens, the elastic modulus, uniaxial compressive strength, and the Poisson's ratio of rock are each found to have normal distributions and the tensile strength to have the gamma distribution. By using Monte Carlo simulation, the equivalent critical tensile strain is found to have the normal distribution. The initial damage of the rock mass, which describes the effects of naturally existing geological discontinuities in a rock mass, is estimated using the field-measured longitudinal and transverse elastic wave velocities. It is found to have the beta distribution. These distributions of rock properties can be used in statistical analyses of the rock mass responses to both static and dynamic loads.
Ying, MS 2000, 'Automata theory based on quantum logic II', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS, vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 2545-2557.
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We establish the pumping lemma in automata theory based on quantum logic under certain conditions on implication, and discuss the recognizability by the product and union of orthomodular lattice-valued (quantum) automata. In particular, we show that the
Ying, MS 2000, 'Automata theory based on quantum logic. (I)', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 985-995.
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We present a basic Framework of automats theory based on quantum logic. In particular, we introduce the orthomodular lattice-valued (quantum) predicate of recognizability and establish some of its fundamental properties.
Zhang, J, Arnold, JF & Frater, MR 2000, 'A cell-loss concealment technique for MPEG-2 coded video', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 659-665.
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Audio-visual and other multimedia services are seen as important sources of traffic for future telecommunication networks, including wireless networks. A major drawback with some wireless networks is that they introduce a significant number of transmissi
Zhang, XP, Wang, CH, Li, JC, Mai, YW & Ye, L 2000, 'A Combined Model of Short Crack Closure Accounting for Both Plasticity and Roughness Induced Crack Closures', Key Engineering Materials, vol. 183-187, pp. 217-222.
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Zhang, XP, Wang, CH, Li, JC, Mai, YW & Ye, L 2000, 'Combined model of short crack closure accounting for both plasticity and roughness induced crack closures', Key Engineering Materials, vol. 183.
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A new model combining both plasticity-induced and surface roughness-induced crack closures is proposed to describe short fatigue crack growth. The numerical results obtained using this model agree well with the analytical predictions of Budiansky-Hutchinson and are reasonably close to the experimental data.
Zhou, JL & Liu, YP 2000, 'Kinetics and equilibria of the interactions between diethylhexyl phthalate and sediment particles in simulated estuarine systems', Marine Chemistry, vol. 71, no. 1-2, pp. 165-176.
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The sorption of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) by sediment particles has been studied under simulated estuarine conditions, using freshwater and seawater samples collected from the Conwy Estuary, North Wales. The sorption process was rapid, reaching a sorption equilibrium within 6 h at a sediment concentration (SC) of 2.16 g l-1. With an increase in SC, it took longer for the sorption equilibrium to be reached. The sorption equilibrium can be adequately described by the linear partition model at low equilibrium aqueous concentrations. The sorption of DEHP was enhanced in the presence of salts, due to the salting out effect, and a salting constant of 1.156 l mol-1 was obtained. The sorption coefficient of DEHP decreased with increasing SC, from 1.28 x 104 ml g-1 at 0.1 g l-1 SC to 6.75 x 103 ml g-1 at 14.66 g l-1 SC, due to the presence of colloidal particles in suspension which were able to bind DEHP. This third phase was quantified by measuring its dry weight, which was found to increase with increasing SC. The effect of colloids on DEHP sorption was studied by correcting the observed partition coefficients based on the concentration of colloid particles, and the true partition coefficients obtained (1.61 x 104 ± 1.29 x 103 ml g-1) were found to show much smaller variations than apparent partition coefficient (9.37 X 103 ± 2.12 x 103 ml g-1) at different SCs. Furthermore, the true organic carbon-normalised partition coefficients for the two sediments with different organic carbon content became similar and relatively independent of SCs. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Zhou, JL, Hong, H, Zhang, Z, Maskaoui, K & Chen, W 2000, 'Multi-phase distribution of organic micropollutants in Xiamen Harbour, China', Water Research, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 2132-2150.
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Xiamen Harbour, in the Xiamen Special Economic Zone of the People's Republic of China, was studied for its water and sediment quality, by determining the levels of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 12 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 18 organochlorine insecticides in water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), pore water and sediment samples from nine stations in the Harbour. Total PAH concentrations varied from 106 to 945 ng/l in water, <1 to 3548 ng/l in pore water, and 247 to 480 ng/g dry weight in surficial sediments. Total PCB levels varied from 0.1 to 1.7 ng/l in water, 2.7 to 34.8 ng/l in pore water, and <0.01 to 0.32 ng/g dry weight in sediments. The levels of all insecticides were in the range of 6.6-19.6 ng/l (water), 11.8-78.5 ng/l (pore water), and <0.01-0.58 ng/g dry weight (sediment). The levels of total hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) in sediments varied from <0.01 to 0.14 ng/g dry weight, and those of total DDTs were in the range of <0.01-0.06 ng/g dry weight. The micropollutants were present in higher levels in pore water than in surface water, due possibly to higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon or colloids with which the hydrophobic pollutants are strongly associated. Such a concentration gradient implies a potential flux of pollutants from sediment pore water to overlying water. The levels of pollutants in sediments are one to several orders of magnitude lower than those found in 1993, suggesting their decreased inputs in recent years in the form of fresh and less contaminated material and possible degradation over a period of time. Further work is needed to quantify the levels of these contaminants in suspended particulate matter, which are currently below the limits of detection. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
ZHU, XQ & LAW, SS 2000, 'IDENTIFICATION OF VEHICLE AXLE LOADS FROM BRIDGE DYNAMIC RESPONSES', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 236, no. 4, pp. 705-724.
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Apkarian, P, Tuan, HD & Bernussou, J 1970, 'Analysis, eigenstructure assignment and H2 multi-channel synthesis with enhanced LMI characterizations', Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1489-1494.
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This paper describes a new framework for the analysis and synthesis of control systems, which constitutes a genuine continuous-time extension of results that are only available in discrete time. In contrast to earlier results the proposed methods involve a specific transformation on the Lyapunov variables and a reciprocal variant of the Projection Lemma, in addition to the classical linearizing transformations on the controller data. For a wide range of problems including robust analysis and synthesis, multi-channel H2 state- and output-feedback syntheses, the approach leads to potentially less conservative LMI characterizations. This comes from the fact that the technical restriction of using a single Lyapunov function is to some extent ruled out in this new approach. Moreover, the approach offers new potentials for problems that cannot be handled using earlier techniques. As an instance, the eigenstructure assignment problem blended with Lyapunov-type constraints is given a simple and tractable formulation.
Ball, JE 1970, 'Modelling pollutants in stormwater runoff', Hydro 2000 interactive hydrology : proceedings of the 3rd International Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium of the Institution of Engineers, The Institution of Engineers, Perth, Western Australia, pp. 1-6.
Ball, JE 1970, 'Parameter estimation for urban stormwater models', Hydro 2000 interactive hydrology : proceedings of the 3rd International Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium of the Institution of Engineers, Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, The Institution of Engineers, Perth, Western Australia, pp. 1-6.
Ball, JE 1970, 'Runoff from road surfaces - how contaminated is it?', Hydro 2000 interactive hydrology : proceedings of the 3rd International Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium of the Institution of Engineers, Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, Institution of Engineers, Australia, Perth, Western Australia, pp. 1-6.
Ball, JE & Cordery, I 1970, 'Information and hydrology', Hydro 2000 : 3rd International Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium of the Institution of Engineers, Australia, Institution of Engineers Australia, Perth, Australia, pp. 997-1001.
Bangun, RA & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Modelling multi-player games traffic', Proceedings International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (Cat. No.PR00540), International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing. ITCC 2000, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 228-233.
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The growing popularity of delay-sensitive multi-player games over the Internet is creating a need for proper characterisation of such traffic. We are currently developing source models for game traffic, on a per-player basis, with the intended use being to scale the models to simulate scenarios involving large numbers of players, which will enable us to observe the effects of game traffic on the network. We outline the procedure used, and we show that for certain cases, relatively simple source models are able to provide sufficiently accurate results (in terms of mean delay and mean buffer occupancy).
Bone, DJ & Popescu, DC 1970, 'Multiresolution scanning imager with spatially uniform noise response based on a new class of Hadamard masks', SPIE Proceedings, Electronic Imaging, SPIE, SAN JOSE, CA, pp. 437-450.
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Castel, A, Francois, R & Arliguie, G 1970, 'Factors other than chloride level influencing corrosion rate of reinforcement', American Concrete Institute, ACI Special Publication, pp. 629-644.
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To evaluate the degree of corrosion, reinforcements of a fourteen-year-old concrete member were completely bared. The 3-meter long beams were stored in 3-point flexion in an aggressive environment made by sequences of drying and wetting by a salt fog (35g/l). The total chloride content was also measured at the level of all reinforcements. Because of the small concrete cover (10 mm for the stirrups and 16 mm for the longitudinal reinforcement), the chloride content appears to be significantly greater than the threshold usually used to evaluate the initiation of corrosion. Carbonation front was also measured and was only about 4 mm. Nevertheless, the degree of corrosion (mass loss calculation) shows no correlation with chloride content, as some large parts of reinforcement are not affected by corrosion. As a result, corrosion damage seems to be linked to a degradation of the steel-concrete interface. For tensile reinforcement, it corresponds to a mechanical degradation whereas for compression reinforcement it corresponds to the bleeding. This observation leads us to question ourselves about the relevance of a single value for the corrosion threshold. The nature of the interface between the steel and the concrete must be considered.
Chainais, P, Abry, P & Veitch, D 1970, 'Multifractal analysis and α-stable processes: a methodological contribution', 2000 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37100), 2000 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, IEEE, pp. 241-244.
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Chang, CF, Ghose, A, Lipman, J & Harvey, P 1970, 'Gongeroos’99', ROBOCUP-99: ROBOT SOCCER WORLD CUP III, 3rd Robot World Cup Soccer Games and Conference, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, pp. 572-575.
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Crews, KI 1970, 'Development of limit states design methods for stress-laminated timber cellular bridge decks', World Conference on Timber Engineering 2000, World Conference on Timber Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 0-0.
Crews, KI 1970, 'Strength assessment of timber', World Conference on Timber Engineering 2000, World Conference on Timber Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 0-0.
Cucchiara, R, Piccardi, M & Prati, A 1970, 'Focus based Feature Extraction for Pallets Recognition', Procedings of the British Machine Vision Conference 2000, British Machine Vision Conference 2000, British Machine Vision Association.
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Damian, DE, Shaw, ML, Gaines, BR & Zowghi, D 1970, 'A Multidisciplinary approach to the study of distributed requirements negotiation', Fifth Australian Workshop on Requirements Engineering (AWRE2000), Australian Workshop on Requirements Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 91-100.
Darwood, P, Oppermann, I, Jakas, S & Linton, W 1970, 'Mobile network traffic forecasting', Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152), Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE, BOSTON, MA, pp. 2932-2936.
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Ding, GK 1970, 'MCDM and the sustainable assessment of projects', Cities & Sustainability-sustaining our cultural heritage, The Millennium Conference, Univeristy of Salford, Sri Lanka, pp. 1-11.
Dissanayake, G, Durrant-Whyte, H & Bailey, T 1970, 'Computationally efficient solution to the simultaneous localisation and map building (SLAM) problem', Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 1009-1014.
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The theoretical basis of the solution to the simultaneous localisation and map building (SLAM) problem where an autonomous vehicle starts in an unknown location in an unknown environment and then incrementally build a map of landmarks present in this environment while simultaneously using this map to compute absolute vehicle location is now well understood. Although a number of SLAM implementations have appeared in the recent literature, the need to maintain the knowledge of the relative relationships between all the landmark location estimates contained in the map makes SLAM computationally intractable in implementations containing more than few tens of landmarks. In this paper, the theoretical basis and a practical implementation of a computationally efficient solution to SLAM is presented. The paper shows that it is indeed possible to remove a large percentage of the landmarks from the map without making the map building process statistically inconsistent. Furthermore, it is shown that the efficiency of the SLAM can be maintained by judicious selection of landmarks, to be preserved in the map, based on their information content.
Donaton, RA, Iacopi, F, Baklanov, MR, Shamiryan, D, Coenegrachts, B, Struyf, H, Lepage, M, Meuris, M, Van Hove, M, Gray, WD, Meynen, H, De Roest, D, Vanhaelemeersch, S, Maex, K, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Physical and electrical characterization of silsesquioxane-based ultra-low k dielectric', PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 3rd Annual International Interconnect Technology Conference, IEEE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA, pp. 93-95.
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Drake, BJ & Beydoun, G 1970, 'Predicate logic-based incremental KA', Proceedings of the 6th Pacific Knowledge Acquisition Workshop (PKAW 2000), 6th Pacific Knowledge Acquisition Workshop, Sydney, Australia, pp. 71-88.
Feuerlicht, G 1970, 'Role of Architectures in Enterprise Computing', Systems Integration 2000, Czech Society for Systems Integration, Prague, Czech Rep., pp. 301-306.
Gabrys, B 1970, 'Agglomerative learning for general fuzzy min-max neural network', Neural Networks for Signal Processing X. Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Signal Processing Society Workshop (Cat. No.00TH8501), Neural Networks for Signal Processing X. Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Signal Processing Society Workshop, IEEE, UNIV SYDNEY, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 692-701.
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In this paper an agglomerative learning algorithm based on similarity measures defined for hyperbox fuzzy sets is proposed. It is presented in a context of clustering and classification problems tackled using general fuzzy min-max (GFMM) neural network. The agglomerative scheme's robust behaviour in presence of noise and outliers and its insensitivity to the order of training patterns presentation are used as a complimentary features to the previously presented incremental learning scheme more suitable for on-line adaptation and dealing with large training data sets.
Gabrys, B 1970, 'Pattern classification for incomplete data', KES'2000. Fourth International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Engineering Systems and Allied Technologies. Proceedings (Cat. No.00TH8516), Fourth International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Engineering Systems and Allied Technologies/ Proceedings. KES'2000, IEEE, UNIV BRIGHTON, BRIGHTON, ENGLAND, pp. 454-457.
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Gu, L, Bone, D & Reynolds, G 1970, 'Replay Detection in Sports Video Sequences', Springer Vienna, pp. 3-12.
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Hao, H & Wu, CQ 1970, 'Numerical modeling of underground explosion-induced stress wave propagation in rock mass', WAVE 2000: WAVE PROPAGATION, MOVING LOAD, VIBRATION REDUCTION, WAVE 2000 International Workshop, A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS, BOCHUM, GERMANY, pp. 369-378.
Hawking, P & McCarthy, B 1970, 'Industry collaboration', Proceedings of the Australasian conference on Computing education, ACE00: Fourth Australian Computing Education Conference, ACM, Melbourne, Victoria, pp. 134-138.
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Hawryszkiewycz, I 1970, 'Creating and supporting learning environments', Proceedings of the Australasian conference on Computing education, ACE00: Fourth Australian Computing Education Conference, ACM.
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Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Knowledge networks in Administrative Systems', Working Conference on Advances in Electronic Government, IFID Trough Seminario de Informatica y Dorecujo, Zaragoza, pp. 59-76.
Jones, EL 1970, 'Software testing in the computer science curriculum -- a holistic approach', Proceedings of the Australasian conference on Computing education, ACE00: Fourth Australian Computing Education Conference, ACM, pp. 158-162.
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© 2000 ACM. The traditional approach to introductory programming has students writing complete programs, as early as possible. Also, the traditional emphasis is on the technology, not the explicit cognitive development of the student This approach jumps to the fifth and sixth levels of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, when these last two levels depend upon competence in the first four levels. I describe my alternative approach that addresses the six stages in sequence, emphasising effective assessment processes for the first four levels.
Jones, P 1970, 'Sensitivity of UMTS FDD system capacity and coverage to model parameters', First International Conference on 3G Mobile Communication Technologies, First International Conference on 3G Mobile Communication Technologies, IEE.
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Kennedy, PJ & Osborn, T 1970, 'Evolution of Adaptive Behaviour in a Simulated Single-Celled Organism', SAB 2000 Proceedings Supplement Book; Sixth International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behaviour: From Animals to Animats, The International Society for Adaptive Behavior, Paris, France, pp. 225-234.
Law, SS, Howe, D & Zhu, XQ 1970, 'Modal strain energy change in neural network damage assessment', ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS I & II, International Conference on Advances in Structural Dynamics (ASD 2000), ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1037-1044.
Li1, J, Dong, G & Ramamohanarao, K 1970, 'Instance-Based Classification by Emerging Patterns', LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 191-200.
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Lister, D 1970, 'UMTS capacity and planning issues', First International Conference on 3G Mobile Communication Technologies, First International Conference on 3G Mobile Communication Technologies, IEE.
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Lister, R 1970, 'On blooming first year programming, and its blooming assessment', Proceedings of the Australasian conference on Computing education, ACE00: Fourth Australian Computing Education Conference, ACM, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 158-162.
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The traditional approach to introductory programming has students writing complete programs, as early as possible. Also, the traditional emphasis is on the technology, not the explicit cognitive development of the student. This approach jumps to the fifth and sixth levels of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, when these last two levels depend upon competence in the first four levels. I describe my alternative approach that addresses the six stages in sequence, emphasising effective assessment processes for the first four levels.
Liu, D, Zhang, N, Jeyakumaran, JM & Villanueva, L 1970, 'Dynamics and Shift Control of Automatic Transmissions', Proc. of the Fifth International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, UTS, Sydney, australia, pp. 597-602.
Liu, D, Zhang, N, Lu, F & Q, SL 1970, 'Optimal Number and Positions of Actuators in Actively Controlled Structures', Proc. of the 5th International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, UTS, Sydney, Australia, pp. 347-352.
Lu, HY, Zhu, JG, Ramsden, VS, IEEE, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Comparison of experimental techniques for determination of stray capacitances in high frequency transformers', PESC 2000: 31ST ANNUAL IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3, IEEE, Ireland, pp. 1645-1650.
Marjanovic, O 1970, 'Dynamic Verification of Temporal Constraints in Production Workflows.', Australasian Database Conference, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 74-81.
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Primitive support for time management has been recognised as one of the most significant limitations of today's workflows. In this paper, we propose a new temporal model for production workflows. After introducing basic features of the temporal model, we describe two time visualisation concepts: the duration space and the instantiation space that are used respectively for representation of relative and absolute (real) time. Then, we illustrate how these concepts may be applied to modeling of absolute and relative deadline constraints and dynamic verification of their temporal consistency. The work presented sets foundations for more advanced workflow management that includes features such as monitoring of workflow execution, reasoning about deadlines as well as management of workloads and learning about deadlines.
Marjanovic, O & Orlowska, ME 1970, 'Making flexible learning more flexible', Proceedings International Workshop on Advanced Learning Technologies. IWALT 2000. Advanced Learning Technology: Design and Development Issues, International Workshop on Advanced Learning Technologies. IWALT 2000. Advanced Learning Technology: Design and Development Issues, IEEE Comput. Soc, MASSEY UNIV, PALMERSTON NORTH, NEW ZEALAND, pp. 59-62.
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Masjuki, HH, Mahlia, TMI, Choudhury, IA & Saidur, R 1970, 'A literature review on energy efficiency standards and labels for household electrical appliances', 2000 TENCON Proceedings. Intelligent Systems and Technologies for the New Millennium (Cat. No.00CH37119), 2000 TENCON Proceedings. Intelligent Systems and Technologies for the New Millennium, IEEE, KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA, pp. A103-A107.
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Masjuki, HH, Saidur, R, Choudhury, IA & Mahlia, TMI 1970, 'Factors effecting energy consumption of household refrigerator-freezers', 2000 TENCON Proceedings. Intelligent Systems and Technologies for the New Millennium (Cat. No.00CH37119), 2000 TENCON Proceedings. Intelligent Systems and Technologies for the New Millennium, IEEE, KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA, pp. A92-A96.
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McGloin, D & Dunn, MH 1970, 'Simple theory of microwave induced transparency in atomic and molecular systems', Journal of Modern Optics, 14th National Quantum Electronics Conference, Informa UK Limited, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND, pp. 1887-1897.
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McGloin, D, Turnbull, GA & Dunn, MH 1970, 'Radio frequency field manipulation of electromagnetically induced transparency', IQEC, International Quantum Electronics Conference Proceedings, p. 18.
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Electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) in a three-level cascade configuration is examined in 85Rb(5S1/2-5P3/2-5D5/2), and two-photon EIT processes are used to resolve the hyperfine levels in the upper level of the coupling field transition. By coupling a radio-frequency field into one of these hyperfine transitions, EIT resonances corresponding to the hyperfine levels are either inhibited or enhanced, depending on the position of the hyperfine transitions in relation to the applied radio-frequency field. The roles of level splitting and three-photon resonance peaks in the resulting spectra are discussed.
McGloin, D, Turnbull, GA, Lindsay, ID, Ebrahimzadeh, M & Dunn, MH 1970, 'Methods for extending mode-hop-free tuning using a dual-cavity, pump-enhanced optical parametric oscillator', Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe - Technical Digest, p. 15.
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Continuous wave optical parametric oscillators (OPO) are well suited for high-resolution spectroscopy applications. Common cavity doubly resonant OPOs (DRO) exhibit signal and idler tuning ranges equivalent to several cavity free spectral ranges (FSR). Changes in the idler frequency were observed using a Michelson interferometer.
Ngo, HH, Vigneswaran, S, Kim, SH, Bidkar, A & Moon, H 1970, 'Microfiltration-adsorption hybrid system in organics removal from water', Water Science and Technology, 2nd International Conference on Membrane Technology in Environmental Management, I W A PUBLISHING, TOKYO, JAPAN, pp. 51-57.
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A series of experiments was conducted with a Millipore flat plate microfiltration module modified to incorporate in-line powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition In-line PAC was mixed continuously through a spiral mixing device for a predetermined time prior entering a membrane unit. The results showed that this system is excellent in removing fulvic acid (FA). This system provides to sufficient contact time for PAC to adsorb organics compared to the system with in-line adsorbent addition. More than 85% of FA was removed from water containing 8 mg/l of FA. To achieve this following conditions were used:.(i) a velocity gradient G (mixing intensity) of 160.4 s-1; (ii) a hydraulic residence time (mixing time) of 4 minutes; (iii) a PAC dose of 260 mg/l; and (iv) membrane pore size of 0.22 μm. In case of low FA concentration (e.g. 1.2 mg/l) in water, the removal efficiency was almost 100%. The removal efficiency also increased with the increase of mixing intensity and mixing timer. The permeate flux slightly improved when a membrane of pore size 0.22 μm was used with shorter hydraulic residence time and lower PAC concentration. This paper presents a mathematical model developed based on surface diffusion. The model successfully predicted the performance of this hybrid system.
Nguyen, HT, Ha, QP, Rye, D & Durrant-Whyte, H 1970, 'Low level control of electrohydraulic systems', Japan-USA-Vietnam Workshop on research and education in systems, computation and control engineering, Institute of Applied Mechanics NCSR Vietnam, HochiMinh City Vietnam, pp. 281-291.
Nguyen, QH, Ha, QP, Rye, DC & Durrant-Whyte, HF 1970, 'Force/position tracking for electrohydraulic systems of a robotic excavator', Proceedings of the 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (Cat. No.00CH37187), 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, pp. 5224-5229.
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This paper presents the sliding mode axis control of the electrohydraulic servo systems of a robotic excavator. The dynamic systems are described by a comprehensive model that accounts for nonlinearities and friction effects of asymmetric hydraulic cylinders. A sliding mode controller is developed for the electrohydraulic actuator of each working axis to provide stable force tracking. With a proper choice of the reference force, the control law can also allow tracking of a desired piston displacement trajectory. Numerical simulation demonstrates the validity of the proposed technique. Experimental results show good performance and strong robustness in both force and position following.
O'Neill, T, Leaney, J & Martyn, P 1970, 'Architecture-based performance analysis of the COLLINS class submarine Open System Extension (COSE) Concept Demonstrator (CD)', Proceedings of the International Symposium and Workshop on Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE Computer Society, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 26-35.
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Being able to predict the overall performance of a computer based system, prior to building it, is one of the greatest challenges facing system engineers today. The emerging discipline of system architecture, by defining a high level abstraction of the overall structure of the system, hopes to provide the foundation for this reasoning. The authors demonstrate an architecture-based performance analysis technique on the COLLINS class submarine Open System Extension (COSE) Concept Demonstrator (CD) system. The layered architectural design of the COSE CD system, together with it's normally probabilistic, repeatable and predictable nature for varying loads, makes it suitable to an architecture-based approach to performance analysis. An architectural model of the system is developed and populated and then used to predict the performance characteristics of service time, waiting time, response time and device utilisation. These predictions are then verified against theoretical performance predictions and validated against a preliminary implementation of the system.
O'Neill, T, Leaney, J, Rowe, D, Simpson, H, Rangarajan, M, Weiss, J, Papp, Z, Bapty, T, Purves, B, Horvath, G & de Jong, E 1970, 'IEEE ECBS'99 TC Architecture Working Group (AWG) report', Proceedings of the International Symposium and Workshop on Engineering of Computer Based Systems, pp. 383-389.
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The guiding document for the AWG was produced by David Rowe of UTS with collaboration from Hugo Simpson, John Leaney, Willi Rossak and Christoph Schaffer. The document was entitled 'IEEE ECBS TC Architecture Focus Group Discussion Paper' and is available from www.eng.uts.edu.au/approx.drowe. The discussion paper was tabled and distributed to the AWG participants and served as a guide for the WG discussions. The AWG primarily traversed this document and therefore the section headings of this report correspond directly to those of the discussion paper with a few additions for clarification.
Oppermann, I, Kumpumaki, T & Latva-aho, M 1970, 'Capacity and coverage in mixed traffic UMTS CDMA systems', 2000 IEEE Sixth International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications. ISSTA 2000. Proceedings (Cat. No.00TH8536), International IEEE Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications (6th ISSSTA), IEEE, PARSIPPANY, NJ, pp. 470-475.
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Oppermann, I, Latva-aho, M & Kumpumaki, T 1970, 'Link quality in SIR based power control for UMTS CDMA systems', 11th IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications. PIMRC 2000. Proceedings (Cat. No.00TH8525), 11th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communication, IEEE, pp. 1474-1479.
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This paper examines the related issues of capacity, coverage and power control in a multi-cell WCDMA network. The network capacity in this case is based on required link quality thresholds. If all users achieve the required link SIR targets for a given percentage of all power control time slots, the network is deemed not to have exceeded its capacity. When this is 50%, the analysis reverts to the conventional mean SIR target performance. For network operators however a substantially higher link quality requirement is likely. In this case, 95% is considered. This means all users must achieve a SIR of greater than or equal to the target value for 95% of the time. The analysis is based on extended models used for IS-95 systems which relies on Gaussian assumptions of interference. This approach gives an insight into the effects of varying traffic types, different allowances for SIR targets and mixed traffic. This paper presents analysis which allows the mimum required power control to be determined based on network load and traffic mix. It also presents analysis which allows the impact of mobile by mobile power control to be examined.
Oppermann, I, Latva-aho, M & Kumpumaki, T 1970, 'Link quality in SIR based power control for UMTS CDMA systems', PIMRC 2000: 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL, INDOOR AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS, 11th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2000), IEEE, LONDON, ENGLAND, pp. 1476-1479.
Owen, R 1970, 'Considerations for UMTS capacity and range estimation', IEE Colloquium on Capacity and Range Enhancement Techniques for the Third Generation Mobile Communications and Beyond, IEE Colloquium on Capacity and Range Enhancement Techniques for the Third Generation Mobile Communications and Beyond, IEE.
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Stewart, MG 1970, 'Optimization of Durability Design Specifications for RC Structures', Advanced Technology in Structural Engineering, Structures Congress 2000, American Society of Civil Engineers.
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A structural deterioration life-cycle reliability model is used herein to calculate probabilities of cracking and spalling for typical RC structures. The influence of mix composition (water-cement ratio, concrete compressive strength) and cover on corrosion rates are included in the analysis. Life-cycle costs are estimated using time-dependent probabilities of failure calculated for annual increments over the lifetime of the structure (100 years). It was found that reducing the cover from that currently specified for design results in a significant increase in life-cycle costs. Copyright 2004 ASCE.
Su, SW, Anderson, BDO, Brinsmead, TS, SOCIETY, ICS, SOCIETY, ICS & SOCIETY, ICS 1970, 'Robust disturbance suppression for nonlinear systems based on H(infinity) control', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 39TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-5, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 3013-3018.
Tuan, HD & Apkarian, P 1970, 'Monotonic relaxation for robust control: new characterization', Proceedings of the 2000 American Control Conference. ACC (IEEE Cat. No.00CH36334), Proceedings of 2000 American Control Conference (ACC 2000), IEEE, CHICAGO, IL, pp. 1914-1918.
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Tuan, HD, Apkarian, P & Nguyen, TQ 1970, 'Robust and reduced-order filtering: new characterizations a methods', Proceedings of the American Control Conference, 2000 American Control Conference (ACC 2000), IEEE, CHICAGO, IL, pp. 1327-1331.
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Several challenging problems of robust filtering are addressed in this paper. First of all, for robust filtering problems, we exploit a new LMI (Linear Matrix Inequality) characterization of minimum variance or H2 performance, and demonstrate that it allows the use of parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions while preserving tractability of the problem. The resulting conditions are less conservative than earlier techniques which are restricted to a fixed, that is not depending on parameters, Lyapunov function. The rest of the paper is focusing on the reduced-order filter problems. New LMI-based nonconvex optimization formulations are introduced for the existence of reduced-order filters. Then, several efficient optimization algorithms of local and global optimization are proposed. Nontrivial and less conservative relaxation techniques are presented as well. The viability and efficiency of the proposed tools are confirmed through computational experiments and also comparisons with earlier methods.
Umakhanthan, K & Ball, JE 1970, 'The influence of spatially variable rainfall on runoff hydrographs', Proc. Twelfth Congress of Asia Pacific Division of ADP-IAHR, Twelfth Congress of Asia Pacific Division of ADP-IAHR, GTrade Limited Partnership, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 817-827.
Veitch, D, Abry, P, Flandrin, P & Chainais, P 1970, 'Infinitely divisible cascade analysis of network traffic data', 2000 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37100), 2000 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, IEEE, pp. 245-248.
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Vigneswaran, S, Kwon, DY, Ngo, HH & Hu, JY 1970, 'Improvement of microfiltration performance in water treatment: is critical flux a viable solution?', Water Science and Technology, 2nd International Conference on Membrane Technology in Environmental Management, IWA Publishing, TOKYO, JAPAN, pp. 309-315.
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In this study, three definitions for critical flux were introduced based on the crossflow microfiltration (CFMF) experiments conducted under an operational mode of constant permeate flux. The critical flux based on material balance was calculated from the rate of particles deposition. The highest permeate flux results in no particle deposition being taken at the critical flux. The second definition was based on the increase in transmembrane pressure (TMP). The critical flux based on the TMP increase is the flux below which the membrane fouling does not occur. The third definition was based on the direct observation of particles deposition through microscope. Detailed experiments were conducted with synthetic suspension of different sizes of latex particles. Long term experiments conducted with polydispersed kaolin clay suspension indicated that the critical flux based on material balance concept is more realistic in field conditions.
Waldron, KJ & Hubert, C 1970, 'Scaling of robotic mechanisms', Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 40-45.
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In this article we discuss some of the important similarity rules, or scaling laws that apply to robotic mechanisms. The important question is: 'What information can I derive about a smaller or larger system from a similarly configured, operational system?' The scaling laws elucidated here are useful for the initial configuration of new designs.
Ware, C, Judge, J, Chicharo, J & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Unfairness and capture behaviour in 802.11 adhoc networks', 2000 IEEE International Conference on Communications. ICC 2000. Global Convergence Through Communications. Conference Record, IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, pp. 159-163.
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In this paper we address issues with the performance of IEEE 802.11, when used in the adhoc mode, in the presence of hidden terminals. We present results illustrating the strong dependence of channel capture behavior on the SNR observed on contending hidden connections. Experimental work has illustrated that in a hidden terminal scenario, the connection having the strongest SNR is able to capture the channel, despite the use of the RTS-CTS-DATA-ACK 4-way handshake designed to alleviate this problem. Our results indicate that the near-far SNR problem may have a significant effect on the performance of an adhoc 802.11 network.
Wijesoma, WS & Kodagoda, KRS 1970, 'Design of stable fuzzy controllers for an AGV', Proceedings. 2000 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2000) (Cat. No.00CH37113), Proceedings. 2000 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2000), IEEE, Japan, pp. 1044-1049.
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Fuzzy logic control is a relatively new technology and hence it needs rigorous comparative analyses with other well-established conventional control schemes. Further, fuzzy controller stability analysis is a major hindrance for its popularity among control engineers. This paper shows how stable fuzzy controllers may be synthesized for a typical AGV from the perspective of variable structure systems (VSS) theory. VSS or sliding model control (SMC) is an established robust non-linear control methodology. The AGV is characterized by highly non-linear, coupled and configuration dependent dynamics, with uncertainty in model parameters. Similarity in performance of the fuzzy controllers to the SMC controller is demonstrated through experimental results obtained for steer control of the AGV.
Willey, K 1970, 'Antenna Optimization to Minimize Pointing Loss', Proceedings 6th Ka Band Utilization Conference, 6th Ka Band Utilization Conference, Instituto Internazionale Delle Comunicazioni, Cleveland, Ohio, USA..
Williams, SB, Newman, P, Dissanayake, G & Durrant-Whyte, H 1970, 'Autonomous underwater simultaneous localisation and map building', Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 1793-1798.
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In this paper we present results of the application of a Simultaneous Localisation and Map building (SLAM) algorithm to estimate the motion of a submersible vehicle. Scans obtained from an on-board sonar are processed to extract stable point features in the environment. These point features are then used to build up a map of the environment while simultaneously providing estimates of the vehicle location. Results are shown from deployment in a swimming pool at the University of Sydney as well as from field trials in a natural environment along Sydney's coast. This work represents the first instance of a deployable underwater implementation of the SLAM algorithm.
Wu, Y, Samali, B, Li, J & Bakoss, S 1970, 'Shock test and stress analysis of a heavy metal-forge', The 7th International Symposium of Structural Failure and Plasticity, Elsevier, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 165-170.
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Xiaomei Yu, Hoang, DB & Feng, DD 1970, 'Weight-based fair intelligent bandwidth allocation for rate adaptive video traffic', Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Networks 2000 (ICON 2000). Networking Trends and Challenges in the New Millennium, IEEE ICON International Conference on Networks, IEEE Comput. Soc, p. 486.
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In this paper, we present a weight-based network bandwidth sharing algorithm, fair intelligent bandwidth allocation (FIBA) for transporting rate adaptive video traffic using feedback, and report on its performance. Through simulations the following results are obtained. The algorithm is capable of allocating bandwidth fairly for the MCR plus weighted allocation fairness criteria and MCR plus allocation proportional to PCR fairness criteria, among competitive, rate-adaptive video sources. It is able to reallocate smoothly when there are renegotiations of the minimum guaranteed cell rate, weight, or peak cell rate by some connections, or when a new connection is admitted, or when a connection is throttled somewhere earlier along the connection path. The algorithm prevents congestion, especially during the initial periods when buffer queues can build up significantly. © 2000 IEEE.
Yang, P-H & Waldron, KJ 1970, 'Force Coordination of a Discretely Actuated Parallel Array', Volume 7A: 26th Biennial Mechanisms and Robotics Conference, ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
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Abstract An array of two-state actuators, i.e. a bundle of binary actuators acting in parallel, can be regarded as a simplified model of biological muscle. The subject of this paper is to investigate the properties of a wrench generator system which is composed of a bundle of pneumatic cylinders connected between an output member and base. Each actuator is postulated to operate in a discrete manner. The parallel array is viewed as a programmable force generator, rather than as a motion generator. The force control problem of this kind of system is not straightforward, since it requires a boolean solution. In this paper, we will propose and explore three possible methods for controlling the force generation of a discretely actuated parallel array.
Ying, M & Wirsing, M 1970, 'Approximate bisimilarity', ALGEBRAIC METHODOLOGY AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS, Algebraic Methodology and Software Technology, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Iowa City, Iowa, pp. 309-322.
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We introduce a notion of approximate bisimilarity in order to be able to reason about the approximate equivalence of processes. Approximate bisimilarity is based on the notion of bisimulation index for labelled transition systems. We establish some basic properties of bisimulation indexes and give a Hennessy-Milner logical characterization of approximate bisimilarity. As an application we show how to describe approximate correctness of real time systems by giving an example in real time ACP.
Yunxin Li & Xiaojing Huang 1970, 'The generation of independent Rayleigh faders', 2000 IEEE International Conference on Communications. ICC 2000. Global Convergence Through Communications. Conference Record, IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, New Orleans, USA, pp. 41-45.
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The simulation of wireless communication channels often requires the generation of multiple complex waveforms satisfying the following conditions. 1) The real and imaginary parts are independent zero-mean random Gaussian processes with identical auto-correlation functions. 2) The complex waveforms are independent so that the cross-correlation function between any two waveforms is zero. In this paper, we first analyze previously proposed methods based on Jakes fading model to demonstrate that the above two conditions have not been satisfied. We then propose a novel method for the generation of multiple Rayleigh faders, which uses improved arrival angle patterns and incident wave phases. The auto-correlation and cross-correlation functions are derived to prove theoretically that the above two conditions are satisfied. Finally the statistical properties are verified by numerical results.
Zhu, SZ, Zheng, JH, Li, L, Shen, SD, Luo, GM, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Effect of load modeling on voltage stability', 2000 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY SUMMER MEETING, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4, IEEE Power-Engineering-Society Summer Meeting, IEEE, SEATTLE, WA, pp. 395-400.
Zhu, XQ & Law, SS 1970, 'Moving load identification using a time domain technique', ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS I & II, International Conference on Advances in Structural Dynamics (ASD 2000), ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 601-608.
Zowghi, D 1970, 'A requirements engineering process model based on defaults and revisions', 11TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON DATABASE AND EXPERT SYSTEMS APPLICATION, PROCEEDINGS, International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications, IEEE Computer Society, Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 966-970.
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Zowghi, D, Offen, R & Nurmuliani, N 1970, 'The Impact of Requirements Volatility on the Software Development Lifecycle', 16th World Computer Congress 2000, Proceedings of Conference on Software: Theory and Practice, Publishing House of Electronics Industry, Beijing, China, pp. 19-27.
