Publications

Fitch, R, Rus, D & Vona, M 2000, 'A basis for self-repair robots using self-reconfiguring crystal modules', IOS PRESS, pp. 903-910.

Slembek, IM & Valerie, G 2000, 'An Architecture for the Support of Knowledge-Intensive e-Business Processes' in Cesare, PCPD (ed), 00IS 2000 6th International Conference on Object Oriented Information Systems, London UK, pp. 113-120.

Sutton, GJ & Bitmead, RR 2000, 'Performance and computational implementation of nonlinear model predictive control on a submarine' in Nonlinear Model Predictive Control, Birkhäuser Basel, pp. 461-472.

Vigneswaran, S & Ngo, H 2000, 'Technologies for domestic wastewater treatment and reuse' in Goosen, FA & Shayya, WH (eds), Water Management, Purification & Conservation in Arid Climates, Technomic Publishing Co., Inc., USA, pp. 123-151.

Abry, P, Flandrin, P, Taqqu, MS & Veitch, D 2000, 'Wavelets for the analysis, estimation and synthesis of scaling data', Self-similar network traffic and performance evaluation, pp. 39-88.

Ai, YT, Qiu, XJ & Hansen, CH 2000, 'Minimizing wind effects on active control systems for attenuating outdoor transformer noise', NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 130-135.
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Al-Ani, A & Deriche, M 2000, 'Optimal feature selection using information maximization: Case of biomedical data', Neural Networks for Signal Processing - Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop, vol. 2, pp. 841-850.
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The hybrid information maximization (HIM) algorithm is derived. This algorithm is based on maximizing the mutual information (MI) between the input and output of a network using the infomax principle, and between outputs of different network modules using the Imax algorithm. These two folds enable reducing the redundancy in output units in addition to selecting higher order features from input units. In this paper, we analyze the proposed algorithm and generalize the learning procedure of the Imax algorithm. We show that the proposed HIM algorithm provides a better representation of input compared to the original two algorithms when used separately. An example showing the power of the HIM algorithm in the analysis of EEG data is discussed.

Apkarian, P & Tuan, HD 2000, 'Parameterized LMIs in control theory', SIAM JOURNAL ON CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 1241-1264.
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Apkarian, P & Tuan, HD 2000, 'Robust control via concave minimization local and global algorithms', IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 299-305.
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This paper is concerned with the robust control problem of linear fractional representation (LFT) uncertain systems depending on a time-varying parameter uncertainty. Our main result exploits a linear matrix inequality (LMI) characterization involving scalings and Lyapunov variables subject to an additional essentially nonconvex algebraic constraint. The nonconvexity enters the problem in the form of a rank deficiency condition or matrix inverse relation on the scalings only. It is shown that such problems, but also more generally rank inequalities and bilinear constraints, can be formulated as the minimization of a concave functional subject to LMI constraints. First of all, a local Frank and Wolfe (FW) feasible direction algorithm is introduced in this context to tackle this hard optimization problem. Exploiting the attractive concavity structure of the problem, several efficient global concave programming methods are then introduced and combined with the local feasible direction method to secure and certify global optimality of the solutions. Computational experiments indicate the viability of our algorithms, and in the worst case, they require the solution of a few LMI programs.

Apkarian, P, Pellanda, PC & Tuan, HD 2000, 'Mixed H(2)/H infinity multi-channel linear parameter-varying control in discrete time', SYSTEMS & CONTROL LETTERS, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 333-346.
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Aslund, M & Canning, J 2000, 'Annealing properties of gratings written into UV-presensitized hydrogen-outdiffused optical fiber', OPTICS LETTERS, vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 692-694.
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Ayre, PJ, Vidakovic, SS, Tansley, GD, Watterson, PA & Lovell, N 2000, 'Sensorless Flow and Head Estimation for the VentrAssist Rotary Blood Pump', Artificial Organs, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 585-588.
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Bai, MR, Hsiao, I, Tsai, H & Lin, C 2000, 'Development of an on-line diagnosis system for rotor vibration via model-based intelligent inference', The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 107, no. 1, pp. 315-323.
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An on-line fault detection and isolation technique is proposed for the diagnosis of rotating machinery. The architecture of the system consists of a feature generation module and a fault inference module. Lateral vibration data are used for calculating the system features. Both continuous-time and discrete-time parameter estimation algorithms are employed for generating the features. A neural fuzzy network is exploited for intelligent inference of faults based on the extracted features. The proposed method is implemented on a digital signal processor. Experiments carried out for a rotor kit and a centrifugal fan indicate the potential of the proposed techniques in predictive maintenance.

Barton, IE & Kirby, R 2000, 'Computation of free surface flows with a Taylor-Galerkin/pressure-correction algorithm', International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 993-1026.
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A semi-implicit Taylor-Galerkin/pressure-correction finite element scheme (STGFEM) is developed for problems that manifest free surfaces associated with the incompressible creeping flow of Newtonian fluids. Such problems include stick-slip and die-swell flows, both with and without a superimposed drag flow, and for plane, axisymmetric and annular systems. The numerical solutions are compared with available analytical and numerical solutions, both in the neighbourhood of singularities and elsewhere. Close correspondence in accuracy is extracted from the literature for both stick-slip and die-swell flows. Stick-slip flow is used as a precursor study to the more complex free surface calculations involved for die-swell in extrudate flow. Two different free surface techniques are reported and results are analysed with mesh refinement and varying structure. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.

Barton, IE & Kirby, R 2000, 'Finite difference scheme for the solution of fluid flow problems on non-staggered grids', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 939-959.
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Bell, J, Besong, AA, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Wroblewski, BM, Stone, MH & Fisher, J 2000, 'Influence of gelatin and bovine serum lubricants on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear debris generated in in vitro simulations', PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART H-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE, vol. 214, no. H5, pp. 513-518.
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Beydoun, G & Hoffmann, A 2000, 'Incremental acquisition of search knowledge', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 493-530.
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Biacino, L, Gerla, G & Ying, M 2000, 'Approximate Reasoning Based On Similarity', Mathematical Logic Quarterly, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 77-86.
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The connection between similarity logic and the theory of closure operators is examined. Indeed one proves that the consequence relation defined in [14] can be obtained by composing two closure operators and that the resulting operator is still a closure

Blad, KD, Lookinland, S, Measom, G, Bond, AE & Williams, M 2000, 'Assessing dopamine concentrations: an evidence-based approach.', American journal of critical care : an official publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 130-139.
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BACKGROUND: Both overmedication and undermedication can be potentially life threatening. If the actual volume of a 100-mL intravenous bag used to mix dopamine solutions is greater than the labeled volume, overdilution of medication can occur, resulting in an ineffective hemodynamic response in patients and thus an unintended adverse drug event. OBJECTIVES: To determine the actual fluid volumes of 100-mL intravenous bags, compare the actual volumes of 100-mL bags from the 3 major manufacturers of intravenous bags, and determine if the excess volume is sufficient to cause a clinically significant overdilution of dopamine. METHODS: A comparative descriptive design was used. The volumes of 162 intravenous bags of 100 mL of 5% dextrose in water (32 lot numbers with various expiration dates) were measured. Visual volume was confirmed by using a 250-mL graduated cylinder. Volume by weight was determined with a calibrated laboratory-quality electronic scale. On the basis of a mathematical model, any overfill greater than 110 mL was considered clinically significant. RESULTS: The difference between actual and labeled volumes was statistically and clinically significant. Mean visual volume was 110.20 mL (range, 107-114 mL). Mean weighed volume was 109.26 mL (range, 106.15-112.09 mL). The fluid volumes among bags from the 3 major IV companies differed significantly (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The overfill in sufficient numbers of 100-mL intravenous bags was enough to cause clinically significant overdilution of dopamine. When dopamine or other vasoactive medications are mixed, either an in-line buret or premixed bags of the drugs should be used to prevent an unintended adverse drug event.

Blazkiewicz, P, Xu, W, Wong, D, Canning, J, Asland, M & Town, G 2000, 'Carbon dioxide laser-assisted poling of silicate-based optical fibers', OPTICS LETTERS, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 200-202.
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Braunerhjelm, P, Carlsson, B, Cetindamar, D & Johansson, D 2000, 'The old and the new: the evolution of polymer and biomedical clusters in Ohio and Sweden', JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 471-488.
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Brichet, F, Simonian, A, Massoulie, L & Veitch, D 2000, 'Heavy load queueing analysis with LRD On/Off sources', Self-Similar Network Traffic and Performance Evaluation, pp. 115-115.

Callipo, A, Cucchiara, R & Piccardi, M 2000, 'Computational Models For Image Processing For Shared-memory Multiprocessors', Integrated Computer-aided Engineering, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 39-52.
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Different tasks in image processing exhibit different computational requirements that should be considered with respect to the architecture. This is particularly critical in parallel machines where many parallelization techniques, as data partitioning an

Canning, J 2000, 'Engineering large anisotropy in amorphous glass', OPTICS LETTERS, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 233-235.
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Canning, J 2000, 'Grating confinement in a photonic crystal fibre', OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 176, no. 1-3, pp. 121-124.
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Canning, J 2000, 'Photosensitisation and photostabilisation of laser-induced index changes in optical fibres', Optical Fiber Technology, vol. 6, pp. 275-289.

Canning, J 2000, 'Photosensitization and photostabilization of laser-induced index changes in optical fibers', OPTICAL FIBER TECHNOLOGY, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 275-289.
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Canning, J & Aslund, M 2000, 'Birefringence compensation, improved fringe contrast and trimming in an integrated asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer using mid-IR laser processing', OPTICAL MATERIALS, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 175-183.
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Canning, J, Aslund, M & Hu, PF 2000, 'Ultraviolet-induced absorption losses in hydrogen-loaded optical fibers and in presensitized optical fibers', OPTICS LETTERS, vol. 25, no. 22, pp. 1621-1623.
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Canning, J, Aslund, M, Ankiewicz, A, Dainese, M, Fernando, H, Sahu, JK & Wosinski, L 2000, 'Birefringence control in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition planar waveguides by ultraviolet irradiation', APPLIED OPTICS, vol. 39, no. 24, pp. 4296-4299.
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Canning, J, van Eijkelenborg, MA, Ryan, T, Kristensen, M & Lyytikainen, K 2000, 'Complex mode coupling within air-silica structured optical fibres and applications', OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 185, no. 4-6, pp. 321-324.
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Center, JR, Nguyen, TV, Sambrook, PN & Eisman, JA 2000, 'Hormonal and biochemical parameters and osteoporotic fractures in elderly men', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 1405-1411.
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Chong, N.R., Burnett, I.S. & Chicharo, J.F. 2000, 'Use of the Pitch Synchronous Wavelet Transform as a new decomposition for WI', Speech and Audio Processing, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 345-348.
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Chong, NR, Burnett, IS & Chicharo, JF 2000, 'A new waveform interpolation coding scheme based on pitch synchronous wavelet transform decomposition', IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 345-348.
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This correspondence uses a pitch synchronous wavelet transform (PSWT) as an alternative characteristic waveform decomposition method for the waveform interpolation (WI) paradigm. The proposed method has the benefit of providing additional scalability in quantization than the existing WI decomposition to meet desired quality requirements. The PSWT is implemented as a quadrature mirror filter bank and decomposes the characteristic waveform surface into a series of reduced time resolution surfaces. Efficient quantization of these surfaces is achieved by exploiting their perceptual importance and inherent transmission rate requirements. The multiresolution representation has the additional benefit of more flexible parameter quantization, allowing a more accurate description of perceptually important scales, especially at higher coding rates. The proposed PSWT-WI coder is very well suited to high quality speech storage applications. © 2000 IEEE.

Chong-White, NR & Burnett, IS 2000, 'Accurate, critically sampled characteristic waveform surface construction for waveform interpolation decomposition', Electronics Letters, vol. 36, no. 14, pp. 1245-1247.
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Chong-White, NR & Burnett, IS 2000, 'Improved Signal Analysis and Time-Synchronous Reconstruction in Waveform Interpolation Coding', of IEEE Speech Coding Workshop, pp. 56-58.
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Chung, IF, Lin, CJ & Lin, CT 2000, 'A GA-based fuzzy adaptive learning control network', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 112, no. 1, pp. 65-84.
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This paper addresses the structure and an associated learning algorithm of a feedforward multilayered connectionist network for realizing the basic elements and functions of a traditional fuzzy logic controller. The proposed fuzzy adaptive learning control network (FALCON) can be contrasted with the traditional fuzzy logic control systems in their network structure and learning ability. A structure/parameter learning algorithm, called FALCON-GA, is proposed for constructing the FALCON automatically. The FALCON-GA is a three-phase hybrid learning algorithm. In the first phase, the fuzzy ART algorithm is used to do fuzzy clustering in the input/output spaces according to the supervised training data. In the second phase, the genetic algorithm (GA) is used to find proper fuzzy logic rules by associating input clusters and output clusters. Finally, in the third phase, the backpropagation algorithm is used for tuning input/output membership functions. Hence, the FALCON-GA combines the backpropagation algorithm for parameter learning and both the fuzzy ART and GAs for structure learning. It can partition the input/output spaces, tune membership functions and find proper fuzzy logic rules automatically. The proposed FALCON has two important features. First, it reduces the combinatorial demands placed by the standard methods for adaptive linearization of a system. Second, the FALCON is a highly autonomous system. In its learning scheme, only the training data need to be provided from the outside world. The users need not give the initial fuzzy partitions, membership functions and fuzzy logic rules. Computer simulations have been conducted to illustrate the performance and applicability of the proposed system. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Cooray, FR & Bird, TS 2000, 'Analysis of radiation from two separate circular cylindrical waveguides by the method of moments', Radio Science, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 567-577.
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A method of moments (MOM) technique is described for analyzing the radiation from two parallel perfectly conducting circular cylindrical waveguides whose apertures may be noncoplanar. By means of an equivalence principle and the appropriate boundary conditions, a set of integral equations is obtained with surface currents as the unknowns. These integral equations are solved by the MOM to yield the surface currents, from which the radiation patterns for the two waveguides are calculated. Numerical results are presented for two uniform waveguides and for two stepped waveguides. To validate the analysis, these results are compared with corresponding results obtained from other numerical methods and also with practical measurements.

Cranton, WM, Mastio, EA, Thomas, CB, Tsakonas, C & Stevens, R 2000, 'Laser processing for enhanced performance thin film electroluminescent devices', Electronics Letters, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 754-756.
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A technique for enhancing the performance of thin film electroluminescent devices is presented. Thin film phosphors have been processed with 20 ns pulses of 880 mJ/cm2 laser irradiation from a 249 nm KrF excimer laser. Electroluminescent characterization demonstrates a four-fold improvement in emitted luminous intensity, as compared to thermally annealed structures.

Cronin, SJ, Manoharan, V, Hedley, MJ & Loganathan, P 2000, 'Fluoride: A review of its fate, bioavailability, and risks of fluorosis in grazed-pasture systems in New Zealand', New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 295-321.
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Fluoride (F) is an essential element for animal growth, not readily taken up by plants from soils, yet cases of acute fluorosis in grazing animals caused by ingestion of phosphatic fertilisers, volcanic ash, and industrial wastes remind us of its potential hazard. Fluoride concentrations in topsoils slowly increase where annual inputs through atmospheric pollution and phosphatic fertilisers exceed losses. This paper reviews information on the fate of F in grazed pasture systems with the aim of assessing the potential toxicity of accumulating soil F. A preliminary F-cycling model for grazed pastures, based on the review of international literature and F concentrations in selected New Zealand pasture soils, indicated that grazing sheep and cattle obtain over 50% of their dietary F (and this may be >80% during winter) from soil ingestion. The model suggests that at the extremes of the ranges of the measured winter soil ingestion (143–300 g d-1 for sheep and 900–1600 g d-1 for cattle) and dietary F absorptivity (bioavailability) of soil F (20–38%), total topsoil F concentrations in the range of 372–1461 μg F g-1 could cause chronic fluorosis in sheep and 326–1085 μg F g-1in cattle. We recommend that research is undertaken to measure F accumulation rates and soil F dietary absorptivity for a range of intensively managed New Zealand pasture soils. © 2000 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Cucchiara, R, Grana, C, Piccardi, M & Prati, A 2000, 'Statistic and knowledge-based moving object detection in traffic scenes', IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Proceedings, ITSC, pp. 27-32.
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Vision-based systems for traffic surveillance have an impressive spread both for their practical application and interest as research issue. The most common approach used for vision-based traffic surveillance consists of a fast segmentation of Moving Visual Objects (MVOs) in the scene together with an intelligent reasoning module capable of identifying, tracking and classifying the MVOs in dependency of the system goal. In this paper we describe our approach for MVOs segmentation in an unstructured traffic environment. We consider complex situations with moving people, vehicles and infrastructures that have different aspect model and motion model. In this case we define a specific approach based on background subtraction with a statistic and knowledge-based background update. We show many results of real-time tracking of traffic MVOs in outdoor traffic scene such as roads, parking area, intersections, and entrance with barriers.

Cucchiara, R, Piccardi, M & Mello, P 2000, 'Image Analysis and Rule-Based Reasoning for a Traffic Monitoring System', IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 119-130.
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The paper presents an approach for detecting vehicles in urban traffic scenes by means of rule-based reasoning on visual data. The strength of the approach is its formal separation between the low-level image processing modules (used for extracting visual data under various illumination conditions) and the high-level module, which provides a general-purpose knowledge-based framework for tracking vehicles in the scene. The image-processing modules extract visual data from the scene by spatio-temporal analysis during daytime, and by morphological analysis of headlights at night. The high-level module is designed as a forward chaining production rule system, working on symbolic data, i.e., vehicles and their attributes (area, pattern, direction, and others) and exploiting a set of heuristic rules tuned to urban traffic conditions. The synergy between the artificial intelligence techniques of the high-level and the low-level image analysis techniques provides the system with flexibility and robustness.

Cucchiara, R, Piccardi, M & Prati, A 2000, 'Hardware prefetching techniques for cache memories in multimedia applications', Computer Architectures for Machine Perception, Proceedings (CAMP), pp. 311-319.
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The workload of multimedia applications has a strong impact on cache memory performance, since the locality of memory references embedded in multimedia programs differs from that of traditional programs. In many cases, standard cache memory organization achieves poorer performance when used for multimedia. A widely explored approach to improve cache performance is hardware prefetching that allows the pre-loading of data in the cache before they are referenced. However, existing hardware prefetching approaches partially miss the potential performance improvement, since they are not tailored to multimedia locality. In this paper we propose novel effective approaches to hardware prefetching to be used in image processing programs for multimedia. Experimental results are reported for a suite of multimedia image processing programs including convolutions with kernels, MPEG-2 decoding, and edge chain coding.

Dahlstrand, ÅL & Cetindamar, D 2000, 'The dynamics of innovation financing in Sweden', Venture Capital, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 203-221.
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A well functioning and dynamic system of innovation financing is an important tool for the development of future growth sectors. This analysis of the dynamics of innovation financing by using the case of Sweden shows the importance of government and venture capital in financing innovation. It highlights two further important features. First, the role of acquisitions in innovation financing identifies ‘competent acquirers’ as active actors in the financing system; this is in addition to the public sector and the venture capital industry. Second, innovation financing differs by firms’ technology specialization and industrial sectors. In particular, technology-based service firms have different financing patterns to that of manufacturing firms. The paper concludes with a discussion on the functions of three important actors in financing systems, namely government, venture capital, and competent acquirers. © 2000 Taylor & Francis Ltd.

Dharmappa, HB, Corderoy, RM & Hagare, P 2000, 'Developing an interactive multimedia software package to enhance understanding of and learning outcomes in water treatment processes', Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 407-411.
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Teaching and learning environments which use multimedia based resources greatly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of learning by engaging students at a deeper level than may otherwise be possible. This is particularly so in situations where `real world' phenomena and processes are being taught. Using such a multimedia package in teaching pollution control processes is novel. This paper reports on the successful development of a multimedia package dealing with several pollution control processes and its evaluation. The pollution control processes illustrated in the multimedia software are physico-chemical processes which are widely used in both water and wastewater treatment. Teaching the design concepts for these processes in a conventional classroom setting is challenging because students have difficulty in visualizing the techniques and processes involved. This difficulty is compounded by the fact that many of the processes occur naturally over longer time periods and so cannot be easily be integrated into normal teaching environments. The software package incorporates several different media modes including text, drawings, photographs, animation, and simulation. The preliminary pilot evaluation of this package using third year engineering students indicated that it provided greater insight and understanding of the complex treatment processes being taught.

Elliot, S & Fowell, S 2000, 'Expectations versus reality: a snapshot of consumer experiences with Internet retailing', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 323-336.
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Fang, JQ, Li, QS, Liu, D, Jeary, AP & Wong, CK 2000, 'Wind effects on a very tall building and wavelet analysis', Institution of Civil Engineers. Proceedings. Structures and Buildings, vol. 140, no. 2, pp. 151-159.
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Gabrys, B & Bargiela, A 2000, 'General fuzzy min-max neural network for clustering and classification', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 769-783.
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Gibson, T, Nikolai, N, MacPherson, J & McIntosh, A 2000, 'Crash characteristics of whiplash associated chronic neck pain', Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain, vol. 8, no. 1-2, pp. 87-95.
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Objective: To analyze the motor vehicle crash parameters associated with chronic neck pain outcomes associated with whiplash injury. Method: Police accident data were matched with a clinical database of 273 subjects with chronic neck pain as a result of a motor vehicle crash. These subjects had or were in the process of being objectively investigated for zygapophyseal [Z-joint] pain by means of controlled double-blind differential diagnostic anesthetic blocks. The combined database was analyzed to find the crash parameters. Results: For the 92 cases where the crash data was able to be matched with the clinical data, females [55%] had slightly higher representation than males [45%]; rear-end impacts were more common [40%] and few had injuries requiring hospitalization [6.5%]. Higher severity crashes appeared to be associated with these chronic neck pain sufferers than typically found for whiplash associated disorder. For this group of drivers and motorcycle riders, 68 [74%] were diagnosed to have objective Z-joint pain mostly at the C2/3 [34%] and C5/6 [32%] levels of the neck. More symptomatic joints were found on the right side [59%] than left side [43%]. Conclusion: In Australia, the characteristics of the motor vehicle crashes associated with subjects suffering chronic neck pain were investigated. In the 92 cases analyzed, 74% had objective evidence that the chronic neck pain was connected with the Z-joints and seemed to be associated with more severe rear-end rear impacts.

Gowripalan, N, Sirivivatnanon, V & Lim, CC 2000, 'Chloride diffusivity of concrete cracked in flexure', CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 725-730.
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Granet, C, Bird, TS & James, GL 2000, 'Compact multimode horn with low sidelobes for global earth coverage', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 1125-1133.
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Guo, Y, Wang, X, Zhu, J & Ramsden, VS 2000, 'Analysis of Circulating Currents among the Stator Bar Strands of Large Turbine-generators', Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 83-86.

Guo, Y, Wang, X, Zhu, J & Ramsden, VS 2000, 'Calculation of Parameters of Stator Hybrid Conductor in Large Turbo-generators', Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 80-82.

Guo, Y, Wang, X, Zhu, J & Ramsden, VS 2000, 'Simplified Calculation Model of Circulating Currents among the Stator Bar Strands of Electrical Machines', Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 89-91.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Ramsden, VS 2000, 'Calculation on Parameters and Performances of Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors with Soft Magnetic Composite', Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 15-17.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Ramsden, VS 2000, 'Design Characteristics of Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Motors with Soft Magnetic Composite Core', Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 86-88.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Ramsden, VS & Wang, X 2000, 'Calculation of Cogging Torque in Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors', Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 30-32.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Zhong, M & Ramsden, VS 2000, 'Measurement of Magnetic Properties of Soft Magnetic Composite under Rotating Magnetic Fields', Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 18-20.

Guo, YJ, Vadgama, S & Tanaka, Y 2000, 'Advanced base station technologies for UTRAN', Electronics and Communication Engineering Journal, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 123-132.
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To achieve high capacity and to support high-data-rate services in the terrestrial access network (UTRAN) of the third generation Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), it is essential to employ some advanced transceiver techniques at the base stations. In this paper, three such techniques are presented: adaptive antennas, multistage parallel interference cancellers and a new hybrid scheme. The operation principles and some simulation results of the techniques are given and some challenging implementation issues are discussed.

Ha, QP & Trinh, HM 2000, 'A variable structure-based controller with fuzzy tuning for load-frequency control', International Journal of Power & Energy Systems, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 146-154.

Ha, QP, Nguyen, QH, Rye, D & Durrant-Whyte, H 2000, 'Impedance Control Of A Hydraulically Actuated Robotic Excavator', Automation In Construction, vol. 9, no. 5-6, pp. 421-435.
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In robotic excavation hybrid position/force control has been proposed for bucket digging trajectory following. In hybrid position/force control, the control mode is required to switch between position- and force-control depending on whether the bucket is in free space or in contact with the soil during the process. Alternatively, impedance control can be applied such that one control mode is employed in both free and constrained motion. This paper presents a robust sliding controller that implements impedance control for a backhoe excavator. The control law consists of three components: an equivalent control, a switching control and a tuning control. Given an excavation task in world space, inverse kinematic and dynamic models are used to convert the task into a desired digging trajectory in joint space. The proposed controller is applied to provide good tracking performance with attenuated vibration at bucket-soil contact points. From the control signals and the joint angles of the excavator, the piston position and ram force of each hydraulic cylinder for the axis control of the boom, arm, and bucket can be determined. The problem is then how to find the control voltage applied to each servovalve to achieve force and position tracking of each electrohydraulic system for the axis motion of the boom, arm, and bucket. With an observer-based compensation for disturbance force including hydraulic friction, tracking of the piston ram force and position is guaranteed using robust sliding control. High performance and strong robustness can be obtained as demonstrated by simulation and experiments performed on a hydraulically actuated robotic excavator. The results obtained suggest that the proposed control technique can provide robust performance when employed in autonomous excavation with soil contact considerations. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Heise, CE, O'Dowd, BF, Figueroa, DJ, Sawyer, N, Nguyen, T, Im, DS, Stocco, R, Bellefeuille, JN, Abramovitz, M, Cheng, R, Williams, DL, Zeng, Z, Liu, Q, Ma, L, Clements, MK, Coulombe, N, Liu, Y, Austin, CP, George, SR, O'Neill, GP, Metters, KM, Lynch, KR & Evans, JF 2000, 'Characterization of the human cysteinyl leukotriene 2 receptor', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 275, no. 39, pp. 30531-30536.
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The contractile and inflammatory actions of the cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4, are thought to be mediated through at least two distinct but related CysLT G protein-coupled receptors. The human CysLT1 receptor has been recently cloned and characterized. We describe here the cloning and characterization of the second cysteinyl leukotriene receptor, CysLT2, a 346-amino acid protein with 38% amino acid identity to the CysLT1 receptor. The recombinant human CysLT2 receptor was expressed in Xenopus oocytes and HEK293T cells and shown to couple to elevation of intracellular calcium when activated by LTC4, LTD4, or LTE4. Analyses of radiolabeled LTD4 binding to the recombinant CysLT2 receptor demonstrated high affinity binding and a rank order of potency for competition of LTC4 = LTD4 >> LTE4. In contrast to the dual CysLT1/CysLT2 antagonist, BAY u9773, the CysLT1 receptor-selective antagonists MK-571, montelukast (Singulair(TM)), zafirlukast (Accolate(TM)), and pranlukast (Onon(TM)) exhibited low potency in competition for LTD4 binding and as antagonists of CysLT2 receptor signaling. CysLT2 receptor mRNA was detected in lung macrophages and airway smooth muscle, cardiac Purkinje cells, adrenal medulla cells, peripheral blood leukocytes, and brain, and the receptor gene was mapped to chromosome 13q14, a region linked to atopic asthma.

Hill, MJ, Ziolkowski, RW & Papapolymerou, J 2000, 'Simulated and measured results from a duroid-based planar MBG cavity resonator filter', IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 528-530.
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A planar Microwave Band Gap (MBG) cavity resonator filter that is completely compatible with current commercial printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication techniques has been designed, fabricated and tested. This filter provides a 1.33% band-width passband response at 10.67 GHz with a corresponding insertion loss of 2.17 dB. Design considerations and equations are presented which demonstrate that the resonant frequency and Q of the resonator can be adjusted as desired.

Hoang, DB & Wang, ZZ 2000, 'Performance of TCP applications over atm networks with abr and ubr services - a simulation analysis', Computer Communications, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 802-815.
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This paper aims to present a comparative simulation study of the performance of TCP traffic over ATM networks with UBR and ABR services, to identify weaknesses of currently most promising ATM congestion control schemes; and to indicate the requirements f

Hoang, DB, Yu, X & Feng, D 2000, 'Fair intelligent bandwidth allocation for rate-adaptive video traffic', Computer Communications, vol. 23, no. 14-15, pp. 1425-1436.
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This paper presents an algorithm for network bandwidth sharing using explicit rate feedback, the Fair Intelligent Bandwidth Allocation (FIBA) for transporting rate-adaptive video traffic. We show that the FIBA algorithm is capable of allocating bandwidth

Hongo, T, Sato, H, Iwata, Y, Komatsuzaki, T & Hongo, Y 2000, 'Modeling and Analysis of Impact System Composed of Ball and Plane (2nd Report, In the case of High Polymer Materials System)', Nihon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu, C Hen/Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Part C, vol. 66, no. 646, pp. 1829-1835.
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This paper deals with the analysis of the impact system, which is composed of the ball and plane of high polymer materiales. An impact model considering both duration of impact and energy loss was proposed in a previaus paper. The impact system is modeled by both a nonlinear spring and a nonlinear dashopot using Hertz’s contact theory. This model is applied to the impact system of high polymer materials. The validity of the model is shown from comparison between experiment and simulation without yielding of the materials. The experiment shows that characteristics of the impact change due to yielding of the material. An impact model in considering of yielding of the material is proposed. It is shown that the model can explain characteristics of the impact in the experiment. © 2000, The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved.

Hutvagner, GJ, Mlynarova, L & Nap, J 2000, 'Detailed characterization of the posttranscriptional gene-silencing-related small RNA in a GUS gene-silenced tobacco', RNA, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 1445-1454.
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Posttranscriptional gene-silencing phenomena such as cosuppression and RNA interference are associated with the occurrence of small, about 21-23 nt short RNA species homologous to the silenced gene. We here show that the small RNA present in silenced tra

Iwata, Y, Takeda, M, Sato, H, Komatsuzaki, T & Shako, E 2000, 'Analysis on Steady-State Vibration of Nonlinear System by Convolution Integral', Nihon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu, C Hen/Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Part C, vol. 66, no. 642, pp. 355-362.
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A method for analyzing steady state vibration of a system with localized nonlinear springs by convolution integral is proposed. Scale of the nonlinear problem can be reduced by using localization of the nonlinear springs in the method. First, equation of motion with the convolution integral of nonlinear restoring force which is treated as an external force is made, second, a set of nonlinear algebraic equations on discrete-time history of unit period is derived and finally the nonlinear algebraic equations is solved with the harmonic balance method. Stable and unstable condition of the steady state vibration can be distinguished by the present method and the impulse response required can be also measured in the experiment because of the merit of the convolution integral. Two examples are shown and the validity of the method is discussed in comparison with Runge-Kutta-Gill method or the experiment. © 2000, The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved.

Jay, CB 2000, 'Costing parallel programs as a function of shapes', Science of Computer Programming, pp. 207-224.

Jegatheesan, V & Vigneswaran, S 2000, 'Surface coverage of filter medium in deep bed filtration: Mathematical modeling and experiments', Separation Science and Technology, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 967-987.
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This paper highlights the importance of surface coverage in modeling the removal of particles in deep bed filtration. A model that considers the saturation of sites on which particle deposition occurs is used. Experimental results obtained with monodispersed suspensions of 0.46 and 0.816 μm latex particles at different influent concentrations and ionic strengths were used to calculate the fraction of filter grain surface (β1) on which actual particle deposition occurs. This will be useful in evaluating the filter performance in terms of the utilization of available surface area of the filter medium. Further, the level of dendrite formation of particles on filter grains during filtration is expressed in terms of β1and the specific surface coverage, θT(the fraction of a filter grain surface that is covered by particles at time T, assuming that the filter grain is covered by a monolayer of particles). This can be used to compare the contribution of deposited particles in the removal efficiency of deep bed filtration for suspensions with different physical and chemical characteristics.

Jegatheesan, V & Vigneswaran, S 2000, 'Surface coverage of filter medium in deep bed filtration: mathematical modelling and experiments', Separation Science and Technology, vol. Volume 35, no. 0, pp. 967-987.

Jegatheesan, V & Vigneswaran, S 2000, 'Transient stage deposition of submicron particles in deep bed filtration under unfavourable conditions', Water Research, vol. Volume 34, no. 0, pp. 2119-2131.

Ji, J & Hansen, CH 2000, 'Nonlinear response of a post-buckled beam subjected to a harmonic axial excitation', Journal Of Sound And Vibration, vol. 237, no. 2, pp. 303-318.
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An experimental investigation of the non-linear response of a clamped-sliding postbuckled beam subjected to a harmonic axial load is presented. Two types of resonances are considered: fundamental and subharmonic. The data demonstrate several non-linear phenomena including period-doubling sequence bifurcation, period-three, and chaotic motion. In addition, the effect of damping on the dynamic instability of the post-buckled beam is investigated. The regions of instability and chaotic response are shown for different damping levels. The resulting locus of instability of the periodic solutions in the amplitude-frequency parameter space provides valuable information on the overall dynamic behavior of the system. The qualitative changes can be observed when either the frequency or the amplitude of excitation is varied across a bifurcation curve. The measured data are illustrated through time histories, phase plots, Fourier spectra, and Poincare sections.

Ji, J & Yu, L 2000, 'Drop dynamics of a high speed unbalanced rotor in active magnetic bearing machinery', Mechanics of Structures and Machines, vol. 28, pp. 185-200.
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The transient nonlinear dynamics of a high-speed unbalanced rigid rotor dropping onto rigid sliding bearings is investigated. The equations of motion are formulated and solved numerically to examine dynamics of the rotor for different regimes of the touchdown process. The contribution of parameters such as unbalance, air gap, coefficient of friction, and coefficient of restitution to drop dynamics of the rotor are examined. When the unbalance is small, the resulting motion is also small. As the level of unbalance increases, the motion of the rotor becomes larger, so there is potential for damage to the rotor and the backup bearings. The orbits of the rotor in the backup bearings after the rotor drops, velocities, and power loss during sliding-whirling stages are presented for various initial conditions and system parameters. Finally, based on simulation results, some design guidelines and suggestions are given.

Ji, J, Yu, L & Leung, A 2000, 'Bifurcation behavior of a rotor supported by active magnetic bearings', Journal Of Sound And Vibration, vol. 235, no. 1, pp. 133-151.
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The non-linear dynamics of a rigid rotor levitated by active magnetic bearings is investigated. The vibrations in the horizontal and vertical directions are analyzed on the center manifold near the double-zero degenerate point by using normal-form method. The resulting normal forms in the horizontal and vertical directions are different due to the effect of rotor weight. It is shown that the vibratory behavior in the vertical direction can be reduced on the center manifold to the Bogdanov-Takens form. For the autonomous case, there exist saddle-node bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation for local analysis, and a saddle-connection bifurcation for global analysis. For non-autonomous case, the Melnikov technique is used to determine the critical parameter at which the homoclinic orbits intersect transversally. For the vibrations in the horizontal direction, the essential non-linear terms of the truncated normal form are third order. The behaviors of zero solutions are given. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to verify the analytical predictions.

Jia, D, Dutkiewicz, E & Chicharo, JF 2000, 'Performance analysis of QoS mechanisms in IP networks', IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications - Proceedings, pp. 359-363.
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Integrated services IP networks are expected to provide a variety of services with differentiated QoS. This requires the implementation of mechanisms that can discriminate service classes in terms of QoS. The IETF has recently proposed a Differentiated Services (Diffserv) framework for provision of QoS. In this paper we analyze performance of two Diffserv mechanisms: Threshold Dropping and Priority Scheduling in terms of packet loss and mean packet delay. A comparison of the two mechanisms is carried out with the requirement that both mechanisms provide the same level of packet loss for the preferred flow. This comparison extends the results reported in the literature for these two mechanisms. In particular, in this paper we determine the impact of buffer threshold and buffer size on packet loss and mean packet delay in these mechanisms.

Johnson, IR, Tellambura, C, Guo, YJ & Barton, SK 2000, 'HIPERLAN receiver design issues: noise performance and frequency offset compensation', International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 29-41.
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This paper is concerned with some physical layer issues for HIPERLAN. First, the noise performance required of each class of receivers in HIPERLAN is determined. Secondly, the effect of frequency offset on the performance of equalisers is investigated and various techniques for joint equalisation and frequency offset compensation are studied. It is shown that by employing a decision feedback equaliser incorporating a second order phase locked loop, the effect of both the intersymbol interference and frequency offset can be significantly reduced. Using such a technique, the packet error ratio (PER) of a HIPERLAN radio link in a multipath channel is found by simulation.

Jones, G & Nguyen, TV 2000, 'Associations between maternal peak bone mass and bone mass in prepubertal male and female children', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 1998-2004.
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Juang, CF, Lin, JY & Lin, CT 2000, 'Genetic reinforcement learning through symbiotic evolution for fuzzy controller design', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART B-CYBERNETICS, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 290-302.
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Karaömerlioglu, DÇ & Jacobsson, S 2000, 'The swedish venture capital industry: An infant, adolescent or grown-up?', Venture Capital, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 61-88.
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This paper analyses the evolution of the Swedish venture capital (VC) industry. The institutional infrastructure in the form of legal access to available savings, the incentive structure and the exit possibilities for the VC firm initially blocked the evolution of the VC industry but institutional changes initiated a catch-up process in Sweden in the 1990s. The size of the Swedish VC industry is now substantial, among the four largest in the OECDset in relation to population. A distinct structural change in the Swedish VC industry in favour of diversity is also taking place but the industry is not yet mature with respect to its competence. The key policy issues are related not only to expanding the size of the industry, but also to increasing its competence. Further institutional change is, therefore, warranted, not only in terms of tax reforms and improving the access to pension funds and other savings, but also in terms of distinct policies aiming at increasing the flow of competence to the VC industry. © 2000 Taylor & Francis Ltd.

Khalili, N, Khabbaz, H & Valliappan, S 2000, 'An effective stress based numerical model for hydro-mechanical analysis in unsaturated porous media', Computational Mechanics, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 174-184.
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Kim, J, Moon, S-W, Lee, S-H, Kim, S-H, Hwang, D-H, Lee, S-J & Ra, S-W 2000, 'Implementation of an Initial Alignment Algorithm for a Stapdown Inertial Navigation system', Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems, vol. 6, pp. 138-145.

Kim, JG & Krunz, MM 2000, 'Bandwidth allocation in wireless networks with guaranteed packet-loss performance', IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 337-349.

Kim, JG & Krunz, MM 2000, 'Delay analysis of selective repeat ARQ for a Markovian source over a wireless channel', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1968-1981.

Kim, SH, Atanassov, K & Shannon, AG 2000, 'Generalized nets in neurology; an example of mathematical modelling', International journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 173-179.

Kirkpatrick, D. & McLaughlan, R.G. 2000, 'Flexible Lifelong Learning in Professional Education', Educational Technology & Society, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 24-31.

Kodagoda, KRS, Wijesoma, WS & Teoh, EK 2000, 'Stable fuzzy state space controllers for an AGV', NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING X, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS, pp. 672-681.

Korkmaz, T & Krunz, M 2000, 'Source-Oriented Topology Aggregation with Multiple QoS Parameters in Hierarchical Networks', ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 295-325.
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In this paper, we investigate the problem of topology aggregation (TA) for scalable, QoS-based routing in hierarchical networks. TA is the process of summarizing the topological information of a subset of network elements. This summary is flooded throughout the network and used by various nodes to determine appropriate routes for connection requests. A key issue in the design of a TA scheme is the appropriate balance between compaction and the corresponding routing performance. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, we introduce a source-oriented approach to TA, which provides better performance than existing approaches. The intuition behind this approach is that the advertised topology-state information is used by source nodes to determine tentative routes for connection requests. Accordingly, only information relevant to source nodes needs to be advertised. We integrate the source-oriented approach into three new TA schemes that provide different trade-offs between compaction and accuracy. Second, we extend our source-oriented approach to multi-QoS-based TA. A key issue here is the determination of appropriate values for the multiple QoS parameters associated with a logical link. Two new approaches to computing these values are introduced. Extensive simulations are used to evaluate the performance of our proposed schemes.

Krunz, M & Apostolopoulos, G 2000, 'Efficient support for interactive scanning operations in MPEG-based video-on-demand systems', Multimedia Systems, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 20-36.
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In this paper, we present an efficient approach for supporting fast-scanning (FS) operations in MPEG-based video-on-demand (VOD) systems. This approach is based on storing multiple, differently encoded versions of the same movie at the server. A normal version is used for normal playback, while several scan versions are used for FS. Each scan version supports forward and backward FS at a given speedup. The server responds to an FS request by switching from the normal version to an appropriate scan version. Scanning versions are produced by encoding a sample of the raw frames using the same GOP pattern of the normal version. When a scanning version is decoded and played back at the normal frame rate, it gives a perceptual motion speedup. By being able to control the traffic envelopes of the scan versions, our approach can be integrated into a previously proposed framework for distributing archived, MPEG-coded video streams. FS operations are supported using no or little extra network bandwidth beyond what is already allocated for normal playback. Mechanisms for controlling the traffic envelopes of the scan versions are presented. The actions taken by the server and the client's decoder in response to various types of interactive requests are described in detail. The latency incurred in implementing various interactive requests is shown to be within an acceptable range. Striping and disk-scheduling strategies for storing various versions at the server are presented. Issues related to the implementation of our approach are discussed.

Krunz, M, Apostolopoulos, G & Tripathi, SK 2000, 'Bandwidth allocation and admission control schemes for the distribution of MPEG streams in VOD systems', International Journal of Parallel and Distributed Systems and Networks, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 108-121.
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Large-scale deployment and successful commercialization of digital video systems will strongly depend on their ability to provide cost-effective services to potential customers. Network bandwidth is one of the major factors that impacts the cost of a video service. In this paper, we investigate efficient bandwidth allocation and call admission control (CAC) strategies for transporting MPEG-compressed video over a wide-area network. These strategies are based on exploiting the periodic nature of MPEG compression for the purpose of reducing the bandwidth requirements while maintaining a high level of quality of service. We derive a theoretical bound on the call blocking probability at the server, and show how this bound can be used in off-line capacity planning and resource dimensioning. For on-line operation, we provide a simple CAC test that can be used in conjunction with the proposed bandwidth allocation and stream scheduling strategies. The effectiveness of our approach is evaluated through simulations of a video distribution network that consists of a server and several switches. Issues related to its practicality and implementation feasibility are discussed.

Krunz, MM & Ramasamy, AM 2000, 'The correlation structure for a class of scene-based video models and its impact on the dimensioning of video buffers', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 27-36.
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We analyze the autocorrelation structure for a class of scene-based MPEG video models at the groups-of-pictures (GOP) (course grain) and frame (fine grain) levels assuming an arbitrary scene-length distribution. At the GOP level, we establish the relationship between the scene-length statistics and the short-range/long-range dependence (SRD/LRD) of the underlying model. We formally show that when the intrascene dynamics exhibit SRD, the overall model exhibits LRD if and only if the second moment of the scene length is infinite. Our results provide the theoretical foundation for several empirically derived scene-based models. We then study the impact of traffic correlations on the packet loss performance at a video buffer. Two popular families of scene-length distributions are investigated: Pareto and Weibull. In the case of Pareto distributed scene lengths, it is observed that the performance is rather insensitive to changes in the buffer size even as the video model enters the SRD regime. For Weibull distributed scene lengths, we observe that for small buffers the loss performance under a frame-level model can be larger than its GOP-level counterpart by orders of magnitude. In this case, the reliance on GOP-level models will result in very optimistic results. © 2000 IEEE.

Kwon, D, Vigneswaran, S, Fane, TG & Ben Aim, RM 2000, 'Experimental determination of critical flux in cross-flow microfiltration', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. Volume 19, no. 0, pp. 169-181.

Lal, S & Craig, AR 2000, 'Psychophysiological Effects Associated With Drowsiness Driver Fatigue And Electroencephalography', International Journal Of Psychophysiology, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 39-39.
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Landers, P, Kerr, KG, Rowbotham, TJ, Tipper, JL, Keig, PM, Ingham, E & Denton, M 2000, 'Survival and growth of Burkholderia cepacia within the free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba polyphaga', EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 121-123.
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Law, SS & Zhu, XQ 2000, 'Study on different beam models in moving force identification', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 234, no. 4, pp. 661-679.
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Several methods have been developed recently to identify moving forces on a beam. The results from all of them exhibit fluctuations at the beginning and end of the time history and they are natural outcomes of the ill-conditioned inverse problem. Accuracy of the identified forces also depends on the parameters of the beam-force system which have not been systematically studied. This paper employs Tikhonov regularization technique to provide bounds to the ill-conditioned results in the identification problem. The calculation of the optimal regularization parameter is discussed. The improved algorithm is then used to study the effect of different parameters on the identification results through single-force and multi-forces identification. Both the Timoshenko beam theory and the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory are included in the study for a comparison. Laboratory results on two moving forces identification are also presented for illustration. Timoshenko beam model is found better than the Euler-Bernoulli beam model in the identification, and the limits of applications of the moving force identification method are also reported.

Lee, DK, Lynch, KR, Nguyen, T, Im, DS, Cheng, R, Saldivia, VR, Liu, Y, Liu, ISC, Heng, HHQ, Seeman, P, George, SR, O'Dowd, BF & Marchese, A 2000, 'Cloning and characterization of additional members of the G protein- coupled receptor family', Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Gene Structure and Expression, vol. 1490, no. 3, pp. 311-323.
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A search of the expressed sequence tag (EST) database retrieved a human cDNA sequence which partially encoded a novel G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR26. A human genomic DNA fragment encoding a partial open reading frame (ORF) and a rat cDNA encoding the full length ORF of GPR26 were obtained by library screening. The rat GPR26 cDNA encoded a protein of 317 amino acids, most similar (albeit distantly related) to the serotonin 5- HT(5A) and gastrin releasing hormone BB2 receptors. GPR26 mRNA expression analysis revealed signals in the striatum, pons, cerebellum and cortex. HEK293 and Rh7777 cells transfected with GPR26 cDNA displayed high basal cAMP levels, slow growth rate of clonal populations and derangements of normal cell shape. We also used a sequence reported only in the patent literature encoding GPR57 (a.k.a. HNHCI32) to PCR amplify a DNA fragment which was used to screen a human genomic library. This resulted in the cloning of a genomic fragment containing a pseudogene, ψGPR57, with a 99.6% nucleotide identity to GPR57. Based on shared sequence identities, the receptor encoded by GPR57 was predicted to belong to a novel subfamily of GPCRs together with GPR58 (a.k.a. phBL5, reported only in the patent literature), putative neurotransmitter receptor (PNR) and a 5-HT4 pseudogene. Analysis of this subfamily revealed greatest identities (~56%) between the receptors encoded by GPR57 and GPR58, each with shared identities of ~40% with PNR. Furthermore, ψGPR57, GPR58, PNR and the 5-HT4 pseudogene were mapped in a cluster localized to chromosome 6q22-24. PNR and GPR58 were expressed in COS cells, however no specific binding was observed for various serotonin receptor-specific ligands. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.

Lee, DL, Cheng, R, Nguyen, T, Fan, T, Kariyawasam, AP, Liu, Y, Osmond, DH, George, SR & O'Dowd, BF 2000, 'Characterization of apelin, the ligand for the APJ receptor', Journal of Neurochemistry, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 34-41.
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The apelin peptide was recently discovered and demonstrated to be the endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor, APJ. A search of the GenBank databases retrieved a rat ex pressed sequence tag partially encoding the preproapelin sequence. The GenBank search also revealed a human sequence on chromosome Xq25-26.1, containing the gene encoding preproapelin. We have used the rat sequence to screen a rat brain cDNA library to obtain a cDNA encoding the full-length open reading frame of rat preproapelin. This cDNA encoded a protein of 77 amino acids, sharing an identity of 82% with human preproapelin, Northern and in situ hybridization analyses revealed both human and rat apelin and APJ to be expressed in the brain and periphery. Both sequence and mRNA expression distribution analyses revealed similarities between apelin and angiotensin II, suggesting they that share related physiological roles. A synthetic apelin peptide was injected intravenously into male Wistar rats, resulting in immediate lowering of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which persisted for several minutes. Intraperitoneal apelin injections induced an increase in drinking behavior within the first 30 min after injection, with a return to baseline within 1 h.

Lee, SP, O'Dowd, BF, Ng, GY, Varghese, G, Akil, H, Mansour, A, Nguyen, T & George, SR 2000, 'Inhibition of cell surface expression by mutant receptors demonstrates that D2 dopamine receptors exist as oligomers in the cell.', Molecular pharmacology, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 120-128.
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Numerous mutant G protein-coupled receptors with diminished or no function have been described that are naturally occurring or that are the product of gene manipulation. It has largely been assumed that receptor mutants do not affect the function of the wild-type receptor; however, the occurrence of G protein-coupled receptor dimerization suggests the possibility that an intermolecular interaction between mutant and wild-type receptors can occur. We have shown previously that the D2 dopamine receptor (D2DR) exists as dimers in cell lines and brain tissue. In this study, we demonstrated that mutant D2DR can modulate the function of the wild-type D2DR. While attempting to elucidate the structure of the D2DR dimer, we demonstrated that nonfunctional D2DR substitution and truncation mutants antagonized wild-type D2DR function. Furthermore, from analyses of this interaction between the receptor mutants and the D2DR, using photoaffinity labeling, we provide evidence that the D2DR is oligomeric in the cell.

Lee, SP, Xie, Z, Varghese, G, Nguyen, T, O'dowd, BF & George, SR 2000, 'Oligomerization of dopamine and serotonin receptors', Neuropsychopharmacology, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. S32-S40.
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Until recently, it has largely been assumed that G proteincoupled receptors (GPCRs) function as monomeric entities. However, over the past few years, we and others havedocumented that GPCRs can form dimers and oligomers, leading to a re-evaluation of the mechanisms thought tomediate GPCR function. Despite the growing number ofinvestigations into dimerization, little is known about thestructural basis of receptor-receptor interactions and thefunctional consequences of dimer formation. Here, wepresent a brief review of some insights we have gained intothe dimerization of dopamine and serotonin receptors. Wehave demonstrated that agonist-regulated trafficking isidentical for receptor monomers and dimers, however, agonist treatment appears to stabilise the receptor oligomers. An investigation of the structural assemblybetween receptors involved in dimerization showed thatthere are several sites of interaction including hydrophobictransmembrane domain interactions and intermoleculardisulphide bonds. We have also examined receptor hetero-oligomerization and demonstrated the potential for novelfunctions as a result of these associations. Finally, as aresult of these observations, we have been able to presentevidence that GPCRs function as oligomers in the cell. © 2000, American College of Neuropsychopharmacology.

Li, H, Fane, TG, Coster, H & Vigneswaran, S 2000, 'An assessment of depolorization models of cross-flow microfiltration by direct observation through membrane', Journal of Membrane Science, vol. Volume 172, no. 0, pp. 135-147.

Li, J, Bakoss, SL, Samali, B & Ye, L 2000, 'Reinforcement of concrete beam-column connections with hybrid FRP', Composite Structures, vol. Volume 1, no. 0, pp. 805-812.

Li, J, Dong, G & Ramamohanarao, K 2000, 'Making Use Of The Most Expressive Jumping Emerging Patterns For Classification', Knowledge Discovery And Data Mining, Proceedings: Current Issues And New Applications, vol. 1805, no. NA, pp. 220-232.
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Classification aims to discover a model from training data that can be used to predict the class of test instances. In this paper, we propose the use of jumping emerging patterns (JEPs) as the basis for a new classifier called them JEP-Classifier. Each J

Li, QS, Fang, JQ & Liu, D 2000, 'Exact solutions for free vibration of single-degree-of-freedom systems with non-periodically varying parameters', Journal of Vibration and Control, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 449-462.
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Li, QS, Fang, JQ, Jeary, AP, Wong, CK & Liu, DK 2000, 'Evaluation of wind effects on a supertall building based on full-scale measurements', Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 1845-1862.
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This paper describes the results obtained from the full-scale measurements of wind effects on a 70-storey building in Hong Kong. The building which has a height of approximately 370 m is the second tallest structure in Hong Kong. The field data such as wind speed, wind direction and wind-induced acceleration responses have been measured since 1995 including the close passage of two typhoons; typhoon Sally and typhoon Kent. Detailed analysis of the field data is conducted. The full-scale measurements are compared with the wind tunnel results obtained in the Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Laboratory at Western Ontario University. The amplitude-dependent characteristics of damping and natural frequency that were obtained by using the random decrement technique are investigated. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.

Li, QS, Li, GQ & Liu, D 2000, 'Exact solution for longitudinal vibration of rods coupled by translational springs', International Journal of Mechanical Science, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 1135-1152.
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Li, QS, Liu, D, Fang, JQ & Tam, CM 2000, 'Multi-level optimal design of buildings with active control under winds using genetic algorithms', Journal Of Wind Engineering And Industrial Aerodynamics, vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 65-86.
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Li, QS, Liu, D, Fang, JQ, Jeary, AP & Wong, CK 2000, 'Damping in buildings: its neural network model and AR model', Engineering Structures, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1216-1223.
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Li, QS, Liu, D, Leung, A, Zhang, N, Tam, CM & Yang, LF 2000, 'Modeling of structural response and optimization of structural control system using neural network and genetic algorithm', The Structural Design of Tall Buildings, vol. 9, pp. 279-293.
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Li, QS, Liu, DK, Leung, AY, Zhang, N, Tam, CM & Yang, LF 2000, 'Modelling of structural response and optimization of structural control system using neural network and genetic algorithm', The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 279-293.
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In recognition of the increasing importance of accurate seismic vulnerability assessment, this paper deals with procedures and the application of inelastic acceleration and displacement spectra in the seismic assessment of buildings. An identification procedure is outlined, whereby an equivalent single degree of freedom (SDOF) system is devised to represent the building. The SDOF system characteristics (stiffness, strength, post-peak force response and ductility) are readily evaluated from observation of the seismic response of buildings and simple mechanics. The characteristics are then tuned using measurements from instrumented buildings. Based on the earthquake scenario and structural response characteristics, appropriate inelastic acceleration and displacement spectra are selected and used to predict the response. Comparison between the measured and predicted responses for the five buildings studied in the paper confirm the feasibility of the procedure and the realism of the results

Liang, SF, Su, AWY & Lin, CT 2000, 'Model-based synthesis of plucked string instruments by using a class of scattering recurrent networks', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 171-185.
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Lim, CC, Gowripalan, N & Sirivivatnanon, V 2000, 'Microcracking and chloride permeability of concrete under uniaxial compression', CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 353-360.
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Lin, CT & Jou, CP 2000, 'GA-based fuzzy reinforcement learning for control of a magnetic bearing system.', IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics : a publication of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 276-289.
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This paper proposes a TD (temporal difference) and GA (genetic algorithm)-based reinforcement (TDGAR) learning method and applies it to the control of a real magnetic bearing system. The TDGAR learning scheme is a new hybrid GA, which integrates the TD prediction method and the GA to perform the reinforcement learning task. The TDGAR learning system is composed of two integrated feedforward networks. One neural network acts as a critic network to guide the learning of the other network (the action network) which determines the outputs (actions) of the TDGAR learning system. The action network can be a normal neural network or a neural fuzzy network. Using the TD prediction method, the critic network can predict the external reinforcement signal and provide a more informative internal reinforcement signal to the action network. The action network uses the GA to adapt itself according to the internal reinforcement signal. The key concept of the TDGAR learning scheme is to formulate the internal reinforcement signal as the fitness function for the GA such that the GA can evaluate the candidate solutions (chromosomes) regularly, even during periods without external feedback from the environment. This enables the GA to proceed to new generations regularly without waiting for the arrival of the external reinforcement signal. This can usually accelerate the GA learning since a reinforcement signal may only be available at a time long after a sequence of actions has occurred in the reinforcement learning problem. The proposed TDGAR learning system has been used to control an active magnetic bearing (AMB) system in practice. A systematic design procedure is developed to achieve successful integration of all the subsystems including magnetic suspension, mechanical structure, and controller training. The results show that the TDGAR learning scheme can successfully find a neural controller or a neural fuzzy controller for a self-designed magnetic bearing system.

Lin, CT, Chung, IF & Sheu, LKM 2000, 'A neural fuzzy system for image motion estimation', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 114, no. 2, pp. 281-304.
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Many methods for computing optical flow (image motion vector) have been proposed while others continue to appear. Block-matching methods are widely used because of their simplicity and easy implementation. The motion vector is uniquely defined, in block-matching methods, by the best fit of a small reference subblock from a previous image frame in a larger, search region from the present image frame. Hence, this method is very sensitive to the real environments (involving occlusion, specularity, shadowing, transparency, etc.). In this paper, a neural fuzzy system with robust characteristics and learning ability is incorporated with the block-matching method to make a system adaptive for different circumstances. In the neural fuzzy motion estimation system, each subblock in the search region is assigned a similarity membership contributing different degrees to the motion vector. This system is more reliable, robust, and accurate in motion estimation than many other methods including Horn and Schunck's optical flow, fuzzy logic motion estimator (FME), best block matching, NR, and fast block matching. Since fast block-matching algorithms can be used to reduce search time, a three-step fast search method is employed to find the motion vector in our system. However, the candidate motion vector is often trapped by the local minimum, which makes the motion vector undesirable. An improved three-step fast search method is tested to reduce the effect from local minimum and some comparisons about fast search algorithms are made. In addition, a Quarter Compensation Algorithm for compensating the interframe image to tackle the problem that the motion vector is not an integer but rather a floating point is proposed. Since our system can give the accurate motion vector, we may use the motion information in many different applications such as motion compensation, CCD camera auto-focusing or zooming, moving object extraction, etc. Two application examples will be illustrated in th...

Lin, CT, Juang, CF & Li, CP 2000, 'Water bath temperature control with a neural fuzzy inference network', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 111, no. 2, pp. 285-306.
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Although multilayered backpropagation neural networks (BPNN) have demonstrated high potential in the nonconventional branch of adaptive control, its long training time usually discourages their applications in industry. Moreover, when they are trained on-line to adapt to plant variations, the overtuned phenomenon usually occurs. To overcome the weakness of the BPNN, we propose a neural fuzzy inference network (NFIN) in this paper suitable for adaptive control of practical plant systems in general, and for adaptive temperature control of a water bath system in particular. The NFIN is inherently a modified TSK (Takagi-Sugeno-Kang)-type fuzzy rule-based model possessing neural network's learning ability. In contrast to the general adaptive neural fuzzy networks, where the rules should be decided in advance before parameter learning is performed, there are no rules initially in the NFIN. The rules in the NFIN are created and adapted as on-line learning proceeds via simultaneous structure and parameter identification. The NFIN has been applied to a water bath temperature control system. As compared to the BPNN under the same training procedure, the control results show that not only can the NFIN greatly reduce the training time and avoid the overtuned phenomenon, but the NFIN also has perfect regulation ability.

Lin, CT, Lee, YC & Pu, HC 2000, 'Satellite sensor image classification using cascaded architecture of neural fuzzy network', IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 38, no. 2 II, pp. 1033-1043.
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Satellite sensor images usually contain many complex factors and mixed pixels, so a high classification accuracy is not easy to attain. Especially, for a nonhomogeneous region, gray values of satellite sensor images vary greatly and thus, direct statistic gray values fail to do the categorization task correctly. The goal of this paper is to develop a cascaded architecture of neural fuzzy networks with feature mapping (CNFM) to help the clustering of satellite sensor images. In the CNFM, a Kohonen's self-organizing feature map (SOFM) is used as a preprocessing layer for the reduction of feature domain, which combines original multi-spectral gray values, structural measurements from co-occurrence matrices, and spectrum features from wavelet decomposition. In addition to the benefit of dimensional reduction of feature space, Kohonen's SOFM can remove some noisy areas and prevent the following training process from being overoriented to the training patterns. The condensed measurements are then forwarded into a neural fuzzy network, which performs supervised learning for pattern classification. The proposed cascaded approach is an appropriate technique for handling the classification problem in areas that exhibit large spatial variation and interclass heterogeneity (e.g., urban-rural infringing areas). The CNFM is a general and useful structure that can give us favorable results in terms of classification accuracy and learning speed. Experimental results indicate that our structure can retain high accuracy of classification (90% in average), while the training time is substantially reduced if our system is compared to the commonly used backpropagation network. The CNFM appears to be more reasonable and practical than the conventional implementation.

Lin, CT, Nein, HW & Hwu, JY 2000, 'GA-based noisy speech recognition using two-dimensional cepstrum', IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 664-674.
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Abstract-Among various kinds of speech features, the two-dimensional (2-D) cepstrum (TDC) is a special one, which can simultaneously represent several types of information contained in the speech waveform: static and dynamic features, as well as global and fine frequency structures. Analysis results show that the coefficients located at lower indexes portion of the TDC matrix seem to be more significant than others. Hence, to represent an utterance only some TDC coefficients need to be selected to form a feature vector instead of the sequence of feature vectors. It has the advantages of simple computation and less storage space. However, our experiments show that the selection of TDC coefficients is quite sensitive to background noise. In order to solve this problem, we propose the GA-based M_TDC (modified TDC) method in this paper to improve the representativeness and robustness of the selected TDC coefficients in noisy environments. The M_TDC differs from the standard TDC by the use of filters to remove the noise components. Furthermore, in the GA-based M_TDC method, we apply the genetic algorithms (GAs) to find the robust coefficients in the M_TDC matrix. From the experiments with five noise types, we find that the GA-based M_TDC method has better recognition results than the original TDC approach in noisy environments. © 2000 IEEE Publisher Item Identifier S 1063-6676(00)09268-3.

Lowe, D.B., Scott, C.A. & Bagia, R. 2000, 'A skills development framework for learning computing tools in the context of engineering practice', European Journal of Engineering Education, vol. Volume 1, no. 0, pp. 45-56.

Luk, KC, Ball, JE & Sharma, A 2000, 'A study of optimal model lag and spatial inputs to artificial neural networks for rainfall forecasting', Journal Of Hydrology, vol. 227, no. 1-4, pp. 56-65.
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Lukasiak, J & Burnett, IS 2000, 'Exploiting Simultaneously Masked Linear Prediction in a WI Speech Coder', of IEEE Speech Coding Workshop, pp. 11-13.
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Lukasiak, J & Burnett, IS 2000, 'Exploring the Characteristics of Analytic Decomposition of Speech', IEEE Speech Coding Workshop, pp. 59-61.
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Lukasiak, J, Burnett, IS, Chicharo, JF & Thomson, MM 2000, 'Linear Prediction Incorporating Simultaneous Masking', of IEEE Int Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Sig. Processing, vol. 3, pp. 1471-1474.
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Luo, J, Shen, J & Gu, G 2000, 'From Petri nets to formal description techniques and protocol engineering', Ruan Jian Xue Bao/Journal of Software, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 606-615.
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Protocol is the lifeline of computer network. The rapid increasing of protocol complexity results in a discipline of protocol engineering. Based on an analysis of the contents and methods of protocol engineering activities and their interrelations, the paper first discusses main formal description techniques (FDTs) and their characteristics, compares corresponding strongpoints and weaknesses, and then leads to Petri nets based FDT. Secondly, the paper points out special advantages of the Petri nets based formal techniques and the current research difficulties in Petri nets based protocol engineering, among which protocol development oriented net tools are now very important research tasks. Thirdly, the paper summarizes international research advances in terms of OSI/RM layers and expounds research trends in this area. Finally the authors give fundamental methodologies for Petri nets based protocol engineering in protocol specification, verification and analysis, and computer-aided testing and implementation.

Marengo, EA & Ziolkowski, RW 2000, 'A new procedure for specifying nonradiating current distributions and the fields they produce', Journal of Mathematical Physics, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 845-866.
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This paper reports a new procedure for specifying monochromatic nonradiating (NR) current distributions (NR sources) and the electric and magnetic fields they produce (NR fields). Vector spherical harmonics and a Fourier-Bessel series are used to derive a new vector spherical-wave expansion for continuous NR fields confined within a spherical volume. The analysis yields complete orthogonal sets in terms of which all such NR fields can be expanded. By making use of a Maxwell operator representation for NR current distributions, we obtain a new series expansion for NR current distributions confined within a spherical volume. The analysis also yields complete sets for such NR current distributions. The developed theory is illustrated with special cases. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.

Marengo, EA & Ziolkowski, RW 2000, 'Description of random radiating and nonradiating sources', Physical Review E - Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics, vol. 62, no. 3 B, pp. 4465-4468.
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Scalar random source-fields whose source-field realizations are described in the 4D space-frequency domain by the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation were studied. The equations were applied to random sources of arbitrary degree of spatial-temporal coherence. The constraints include minimum energy formulations of inverse problems with random sources. Green theorem was used for any localized nonradiating (NR) source correlation. The analytic property of the plane wave spectrum explains both localizability of the NR field correlation.

Marengo, EA & Ziolkowski, RW 2000, 'Inverse source problem with regularity constraints: normal solution and nonradiating source components', JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 179-187.
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Marengo, EA & Ziolkowski, RW 2000, 'Nonradiating and minimum energy sources and their fields: generalized source inversion theory and applications', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 48, no. 10, pp. 1553-1562.
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A new general framework for characterizing scalar and electromagnetic (EM) nonradiating (NR) and minimum energy (ME) sources and their fields is developed that is of interest for both radiation and source reconstruction problems. NR sources are characterized in connection with the concept of reciprocity as nonreceptors. Localized ME sources are shown to be free fields truncated within the source's support. A new source analysis tool is developed that is based on the decomposition of a source and its field into their radiating and NR components. The individual radiating and reactive energy roles of the radiating and NR parts of a source are characterized. The general theory is illustrated with a time-harmonic EM example.

Marengo, EA, Devaney, AJ & Ziolkowski, RW 2000, 'Inverse source problem and minimum-energy sources.', Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 34-45.
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We present a new linear inversion formalism for the scalar inverse source problem in three-dimensional and one-dimensional (1D) spaces, from which a number of previously unknown results on minimum-energy (ME) sources and their fields readily follow. ME sources, of specified support, are shown to obey a homogeneous Helmholtz equation in the interior of that support. As a consequence of that result, the fields produced by ME sources are shown to obey an iterated homogeneous Helmholtz equation. By solving the latter equation, we arrive at a new Green-function representation of the field produced by a ME source. It is also shown that any square-integrable (L2), compactly supported source that possesses a continuous normal derivative on the boundary of its support must possess a nonradiating (NR) component. A procedure based on our results on the inverse source problem and ME sources is described to uniquely decompose an L2 source of specified support and its field into the sum of a radiating and a NR part. The general theory that is developed is illustrated for the special cases of a homogeneous source in 1D space and a spherically symmetric source.

Marjanovic, O 2000, 'Supporting the “soft” side of business process reengineering', Business Process Management Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 43-55.
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The contemporary business environment in which an organisation exists is becoming increasingly dynamic. The pressing need to improve the existing business processes in an organisation, results in the appearance of a new field called Business Process Reengineering (BPR). However, despite more and more innovative technological solutions for business processes, resistance to change continues to be the biggest BPR obstacle. According to many experts, this is the main reason why reengineering projects in many organisations fail. This paper investigates the “soft” side of BPR (i.e. its human aspects). More precisely, it focuses on ways information technology (IT), in particular group support systems (GSS), can support the soft side of BPR and reduce resistance to change. In this way, the paper introduces the third level of integration of IT and BPR, in addition to the two levels already described in the literature. The approach is illustrated by an example of a company that used GSS during its reengineering efforts. © 2000, MCB UP Limited

Masens, CD, Schulte, J, Phillips, M & Dligatch, S 2000, 'Ultra Flat Gold Surfaces for Use in Chemical Force Microscopy: Scanning Probe Microscopy Studies of the Effect of Preparation Regime on Surface Morphology', Microscopy & Microanalysis, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 113-120.

Mastio, EA, Cranton, WM & Thomas, CB 2000, 'Pulsed laser annealing for high-efficiency thin film electroluminescent devices', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 88, no. 3, pp. 1606-1611.
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Thin film electroluminescent (TFEL) structures composed of ZnS:Mn (phosphor) and Y2O3(insulator) films were annealed using pulsed (∼20 ns) KrF laser irradiations under an environment of 150 psi (∼10.34 bars) of argon. The crystallinity of both layers was studied via x-ray diffraction analysis. Their degree of lattice misfit and the integrated diffraction line intensities were examined to assess the thermal effects of pulsed laser annealing. In agreement with a thermal model of the laser-matter interaction and previous results, we suggest that the pulsed laser annealing technique improves the luminescent efficiencies of thin film electroluminescent phosphors by generating an in-depth solid-state phase transition. We report that the laser processed TFEL structure exhibits better display performance than equivalent devices thermally annealed at a temperature of 450 °C as demonstrated by sharper turn-on response and also an increase in brightness by a factor greater than four times. We attribute these performance improvements to a smaller lattice misfit value, which has been previously correlated to interface states density. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.

Mastio, EA, Fogarassy, E, Cranton, WM & Thomas, CB 2000, 'Ablation study on pulsed KrF laser annealed electroluminescent ZnS : Mn/Y2O3 multilayers deposited on Si', APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, vol. 154, pp. 35-39.
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Mastio, EA, Thomas, CB, Cranton, WM & Fogarassy, E 2000, 'The effects of multiple KrF laser irradiations on the electroluminescence and photoluminescence of rf-sputtered ZnS : Mn-based electroluminescent thin film devices', APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, vol. 157, no. 1-2, pp. 74-80.
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McGloin, D & Dunn, MH 2000, 'Simple theory of microwave induced transparency in atomic and molecular systems', Journal of Modern Optics, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 1887-1897.
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In recent years the idea of electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic systems using a microwave coupling field has been discussed. We present theoretical work on how this may be achieved in both Doppler systems, and by extension in non-Doppler broadened systems. By considering the specific example of atomic rubidium we demonstrate the feasibility and practical difficulties of such an experiment. By considering systems with appropriate rotational-vibration structure we conclude that microwave induced transparency in gas vapours is more readily achievable in molecular systems. © 2000 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

McGloin, D, Dunn, MH & Fulton, DJ 2000, 'Polarization effects in electromagnetically induced transparency', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. art. no.-053802.
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McGloin, D, Turnbull, GA & Dunn, MH 2000, 'Electromagnetically induced focussing effects in four level media', Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science (QELS) - Technical Digest Series, pp. 64-65.
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An attempt was made to model the refraction due to two different Rabi frequencies, a lower value of 120 MHz corresponding to the outer edge of the coupling field and a higher one of 300 MHz corresponding to the center of the coupling field. The difference in the refraction produced by these two Rabi frequencies gave a measure of the lensing action on the probe. Positive values of this difference imply a converging lens, while negative values imply a diverging lens.

Mcnie, CM, Barton, DC, Ingham, E, Tipper, JL, Fisher, J & Stone, MH 2000, 'The prediction of polyethylene wear rate and debris morphology produced by microscopic asperities on femoral heads', JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 163-174.
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Missiroli, M, Guo, YJ & Barton, SK 2000, 'Near-far resistant channel estimation for CDMA systems using the linear decorrelating detector', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 514-524.
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The well-known linear decorrelating detector (LDD) for direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems provides near-far resistant performance when the timing of each user is accurately known. Traditional CDMA acquisition techniques suffer from high differences in power levels. The estimation accuracy for a user overwhelmed by stronger ones is likely to be unsatisfactory; at the same time, the interference from a user undergoing acquisition or tracking is not removed by the standard LDD. In this paper, a fully near-far resistant technique for acquisition and tracking for asynchronous CDMA systems applying the LDD is proposed, considering realistic band-limited signals. This technique is based on the adoption of a pair of special sequences equivalent to a dedicated access channel and is shown to provide a relatively fast and robust means to perform channel estimation both in case of single- and multipath channels.

Mitchell, AD, Loganathan, P, Payn, TW & Tillman, RW 2000, 'Magnesium fertiliser dissolution rates in pumice soils under Pinus radiata', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL RESEARCH, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 753-767.
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Ngo, H, Vigneswaran, S, Kim, SH, Bidkar, A & Moon, H 2000, 'Microfiltration - absorption hybrid system in organic removal from water', Water Science and Technology, vol. Volume 41, no. 0, pp. 51-57.

Nguyen, TV & Eisman, JA 2000, 'Assessment of significant change in BMD: A new approach', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 369-370.
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Nguyen, TV & Eisman, JA 2000, 'Genetics of fracture: challenges and opportunities.', Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 1253-1256.
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Nguyen, TV, Blangero, J & Eisman, JA 2000, 'Genetic epidemiological approaches to the search for osteoporosis genes', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 392-401.
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Nguyen, TV, Center, JR & Eisman, JA 2000, 'Association between breast cancer and bone mineral density: the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study.', Maturitas, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 27-34.
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BACKGROUND: The association between bone mineral density and breast cancer was investigated in a nested case-control study, involving 30 breast cancer cases and 120 controls, aged 68+/-6 (mean +/-S.D.) years, as part of the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study (Australia). METHODS: Bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm(2)) at the femoral neck and lumbar spine was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Anthropometric data and reproductive history were collected by direct interview using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: In univariate conditional logistic regression analysis, lower age at menarche, longer overall duration of lifetime ovulation and higher bone density were associated with higher risk of breast cancer. Among the breast cancer cases, 20% of subjects had lumbar spine BMD greater than 1.20 g/cm(2) (or 2.5 S.D. above the mean) compared with less than 1% of the controls. After adjusting for the effects of duration of lifetime ovulation and body mass index, each 0.1 g/cm(2) increase in lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD was associated with a 2.1-fold (95% CI: 1.3-3.4) and 1.5-fold (1.0-2.4) respectively, higher risk of breast cancer. Further adjustment for age at menarche, hormone replacement therapy, and parity did not alter the result. Thus, postmenopausal BMD, which is affected by lifetime exposure to estrogen, is also related to risk of breast cancer. Importantly, it is estimated that estrogen therapy in osteoporotic women, even if raising the risk of breast cancer by 70% as suggested by some studies, would not elevate their risk to the level experienced by their non-osteoporotic counterparts. CONCLUSION: While the mechanism of this relationship remains to be explored, these data support the concept that lifetime exposure to estrogen is an indicator of risk of both breast cancer and osteoporosis. However, the use of estrogen in osteoporosis treatment would not elevate the risk of breast cancer in osteoporotic women up to the level experienced by th...

Nguyen, TV, Center, JR & Eisman, JA 2000, 'Osteoporosis in elderly men and women: Effects of dietary calcium, physical activity, and body mass index', JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 322-331.
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Nguyen, TV, Pocock, N & Eisman, JA 2000, 'Interpretation of bone mineral density measurement and its change.', Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 107-119.
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Bone mineral density (BMD), an important measurable predictor of osteoporotic fractures, is used as a surrogate definition of osteoporosis, and often as an end point in clinical trials. However, BMD is measured with random error and random fluctuation within individuals. This study addresses two specific questions: Given an observed level of BMD for an individual, what is the individual's likely "true" level? To what extent does an observed BMD change reflect a real change? A Bayesian model was formulated to address these questions, using data from the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study, past clinical trials, and a short-term reliability study in individuals ages 60 yr and older. Measurements of lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD by dual X-ray absorptiometry are highly reliable, with coefficients of reliability ranging from 0.90 to 0.99. Consequently, for an individual, there is good agreement between observed and "true" BMD values. However, the 90% confidence interval for the true level in elderly people and those with low measured BMD values is particularly wide. Using the cutoff of 2.5 standard deviations below the young normal mean as a definition of osteoporosis, the rates of false positives and false negatives can be as high as 20% among individuals ages 80 yr and older. In a typical clinical trial with an overall average increase in BMD of 2%, for a subject whose baseline femoral neck BMD is 0.80 g/cm(2), no conclusion of significant change could be drawn until an observed increase of at least 5.5% or an observed decrease of at least 7.5%. If two measurements were taken at baseline and follow-up, the true change could be detected with an observed increase of 3.5% or an observed decrease of 5%. On the other hand, there needs to be an observed increase of 6.2 and 8.5% before one can be 90% certain that a true increase of 2 and 5%, respectively, has occurred in an individual. This analysis suggests that the diagnosis of osteoporosis based on a single measur...

O'Dowd, BF, Lee, DK, Huang, W, Nguyen, T, Cheng, R, Liu, Y, Wang, B, Gershengorn, MC & George, SR 2000, 'TRH-R2 exhibits similar binding and acute signaling but distinct regulation and anatomic distribution compared with TRH-R1', Molecular Endocrinology, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 183-193.
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TRH (thyroliberin) is a tripeptide (pGlu-His-ProNH 2 ) that signals via G protein-coupled receptors. Until recently, only a single receptor for TRH was known (TRH-R1), but two groups identified a second receptor, TRH-R2. We independently discovered TRH-R2. Using an extensive set of TRH analogs, we found no differences in TRH-R1 and TRH-R2 binding or in acute stimulation of signaling. TRH-R2 was more rapidly internalized upon binding TRH and exhibited a greater level of TRH-induced down-regulation than TRH-R1. During prolonged exposure to TRH, cells expressing TRH-R2 exhibited a lower level of gene induction than cells expressing TRH-R1. TRH-R2 receptor mRNA was present in very discrete nuclei and regions of rat brain. A major mRNA transcript for TRH-R2 was seen in the cerebral cortex, pons, thalamus, hypothalamus, and midbrain with faint bands found in the striatum and pituitary. The extensive distribution of TRH-R2 in the brain suggests that it mediates many of the known functions of TRH that are not transduced by TRH-R1. The variations in agonist-induced internalization and down-regulation/desensitization, and anatomic distribution of TRH-R2 compared with TRH-R1, suggest important functional differences between the two receptors.

Parfitt, AJ & Bird, TS 2000, 'Phased array antenna analysis using time delay beam steering and hybrid FDTD method', Electronics Letters, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 108-110.
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A phased array analysis is presented where the coupling between antenna elements and the beam steering is computed in the time domain using a hybrid finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and Kirchhoff transform method. The coupled currents are combined with the appropriate time delays to give the total element current, which is then used in conjunction with the voltage excitation to produce the driving point admittance as a function of frequency for a given beam direction.

Parry, JJ, Burnett, IS & Chicharo, JF 2000, 'Language-specific phonetic structure and the quantization of the spectral envelope of speech', Speech Communication, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 229-250.
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In the design of low-bit-rate (LBR) speech coding algorithms, language variability is often considered to be of secondary importance in comparison with other operational factors such as speaker variability and noise. Given that languages differ extensively in the composition of the spectral envelope and that the quantized spectral envelope of speech represents an important part of the bit allocation in speech coding, it is surprising to find that no comprehensive studies have ever been carried out on the role of language in spectral quantization. This paper addresses this through a series of performance studies of spectral quantization carried out across a set of language families typical of global mobile telecommunications. The study considers factors of quantizer design such as the size and structure of codebooks, and the quantity of monolingual data used in codebook training. This study found that quantization distortion is not uniform across languages. It is shown that a significant difference exists in the behaviour of spectral quantization across languages, in particular the behaviour of high distortion outliers. Detailed analysis of the spectral distortion data on a phonetic level revealed that the nature of the distribution of spectral energy in phonemes influenced the behaviour of monolingual codebooks. Some explanations for codebook performance are presented as well as a set of recommendations for codebook design for multi-lingual environments.

Peat, KS & Kirby, R 2000, 'Acoustic wave motion along a narrow cylindrical duct in the presence of an axial mean flow and temperature gradient', JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, vol. 107, no. 4, pp. 1859-1867.
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Pemper, Y, Heyman, E, Kastner, R & Ziolkowski, RW 2000, 'Hybrid ray-FDTD moving coordinate frame approach for long range tracking of collimated wavepackets - Abstract', JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 1115-1117.
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Pemper, Y, Lomakin, V, Heyman, E, Kastner, R & Ziolkowski, RW 2000, 'Moving coordinate frame FDTD analysis of long range tracking of pulsed fields in graded index waveguides', Progress in Electromagnetics Research, vol. 26, pp. 133-164.
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Pemper, Y, Lomakin, V, Heyman, E, Kastner, R & Ziolkowski, RW 2000, 'Moving coordinate frame FDTD analysis of long range tracking of pulsed fields in graded index waveguides - Abstract', JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 493-496.
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Peng, MK, Sasabo, MF, Guo, YJJ, Downing, OJ & Barton, SK 2000, 'Frame-extended linear decorrelating detector for asynchronous CDMA', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1918-1927.
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Peppas, P, Foo, N & Nayak, A 2000, 'Measuring similarity in belief revision', JOURNAL OF LOGIC AND COMPUTATION, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 603-619.
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Perry, SW & Guan, L 2000, 'Weight assignment for adaptive image restoration by neural networks', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 156-170.
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Perry, SW & Wyber, RJ 2000, 'Hopfield neural network approach for the reconstruction of wide-bandwidth sonar data', Neural Networks for Signal Processing - Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop, vol. 2, pp. 876-885.
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Sonar systems with small physical apertures are easier to mount on small vessels and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). Such systems however are limited in terms of angular resolution. Although wide-bandwidth signals may be used to increase the range resolution of a sonar system, angular resolution is unaffected. Such limitations can be overcome if the region of interest in the underwater environment is insonified from a number of different angles, and this low resolution information reconstructed into a high resolution image of the region. This paper proposes a reconstruction approach based on a Hopfield neural network. This approach is shown to perform better than the Inverse Radon Transform for image reconstruction under both noisy and noise-less conditions. To verify these claims, results are presented using both real and simulated sonar data.

Popescu, DC & Bone, D 2000, 'Combinatorial approach to representing subsets of coefficients for signal compression schemes', ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 760-761.
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Pradhan, B & Kumar, S 2000, 'Finite element analysis of low-velocity impact damage in composite laminates', journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 322-339.

Qiu, X & Hansen, CH 2000, 'Secondary acoustic source types for active noise control in free field: manopoles or multipoles', JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION, vol. 232, no. 5, pp. 1005-1009.
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Qiu, XJ & Hansen, CH 2000, 'A modified filtered-x LMS algorithm for active control of periodic noise with on-line cancellation path modelling', JOURNAL OF LOW FREQUENCY NOISE VIBRATION AND ACTIVE CONTROL, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 35-46.
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Raad, RS, Dutkiewicz, E & Chicharo, J 2000, 'Connection admission control in micro-cellular Multi-service mobile networks', IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications - Proceedings, pp. 600-606.
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This paper investigates the use of fixed bandwidth reservation for Multi-service mobile networks. In particular it extends previous fixed Multi-service network results to the mobile scenario and presents analytical and simulation results for new and handover call blocking probabilities. It also investigates the performance sensitivity to different traffic load ratios as well as the cell dwell time distribution.

Ramsden, VS, Watterson, PA, Holliday, B, Tansley, GD, Reizes, J & Woodard, JC 2000, 'A Rotary Blood Pump', Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 17-22.

Randell, AG, Nguyen, TV, Bhalerao, N, Silverman, SL, Sambrook, PN & Eisman, JA 2000, 'Deterioration in quality of life following hip fracture: A prospective study', OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 460-466.
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Ritz, CH, Burnett, IS & Lukasiak, J 2000, 'Very Low Rate Speech Coding Using Temporal Decomposition and Waveform Interpolation', IEEE Speech Coding Workshop,, pp. 29-31.
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Robertson, T.J. 2000, 'Cooperative work, Women and the Working Environments of Technology Design', Australian Feminist Studies, vol. 15, no. 32, pp. 0-0.

Robertson, TJ 2000, 'Building Bridges: Negotiating the Gap between work practices and Technology Design', International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 121-146.
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Roughan, M, Veitch, D & Abry, P 2000, 'Real-time estimation of the parameters of long-range dependence', IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), vol. 8, pp. 467-478.

Roughan, M, Veitch, D, Yates, J, Ashberg, M, Elgelid, H, Castro, M, Dwyer, M & Abry, P 2000, 'Real-time measurement of long-range dependence in ATM networks', Passive and Active Measurement Workshop, Hamilton, New-Zealand 2000.

Sadiq, SW, Marjanovic, O & Orlowska, ME 2000, 'Managing change and time in dynamic workflow processes', International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems, vol. 9, no. 1-2, pp. 93-116.
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Business environments have become exceedingly dynamic and competitive in recent times. This dynamism is manifested in the form of changing process requirements and time constraints. Workflow technology is currently one of the most promising fields of research in business process automation. However, workflow systems to date do not provide the flexibility necessary to support the dynamic nature of business processes. In this paper we primarily discuss the issues and challenges related to managing change and time in workflows representing dynamic business processes. We also present an analysis of workflow modifications and provide feasibility considerations for the automation of this process.

Sargent, CJ, Bowman, JC & Zhou, JL 2000, 'Levels of antifoulant irgarol 1051 in the Conwy Marina, North Wales', Chemosphere, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 1755-1760.
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Irgarol 1051 (2-methylthio-4-tert-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamino-s-triazine) is an antifouling agent used in paint formulations that are applied to the hulls of ships. A survey was carried out at Conwy Marina in North Wales to determine the levels of the herbicide over a period of three months. Liquid/liquid extraction was used to concentrate the analyte for quantitative analysis using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The concentrations of Irgarol 1051 in Conwy marina ranged from 7 to 543 ng/l, similar to the levels found in many other marinas, estuaries and ports in England, although much lower than those in Côte dAzur, France. The concentrations of Irgarol 1051 were not found to be influenced by salinity, pH or temperature, although there is a strong correlation between the average concentrations of Irgarol 1051 and the density of boating activity. At the levels found in the marina, it is possible that non-target photosynthetic inhibition could occur.

Schulte, J, Ushio, J & Maruizumi, T 2000, 'Non-equilibrium molecular orbital calculations of Si/SiO2 Interfaces', Thin Solid Films, vol. 369, no. 1-2, pp. 285-288.
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A non-equilibrium statistical molecular orbital approach has been developed to analyze non-equilibrium configurations in Si/SiO2 heterostructures, improvement of which is essential for realization of superior semiconductor devices. The non-equilibrium statistics is discussed and results obtained in conjunction with molecular orbital calculations are being presented.

Shieh, CS & Lin, CT 2000, 'Direction of arrival estimation based on phase differences using neural fuzzy network', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 1115-1124.
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Suffern, KG 2000, 'Ray Tracing four spheres at the vertices of a regular tetrahedron', The Visual Computer, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 379-385.
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Sundaravadivel, M, Vigneswaran, S & Doeleman, JA 2000, 'Waste management in semi-urban areas of India: appropriate technological strategies to overcome financial barriers', Environmental Engineering and Policy, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 91-104.
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The public health and environmental pollution problems due to inadequate treatment and inappropriate disposal of liquid and solid wastes generated in small and medium towns (referred to as semi-urban areas) of India receive insufficient attention. A field study of four towns in the State of Tamil Nadu was conducted to evaluate the current waste management practices in such semi-urban areas (SUAs). The study reveals that financial barriers for waste management arise due to a combination of policy and technological constraints. Based on the results of a preliminary waste characterization study and other observations made during the field study, reed bed channels and a semi-mechanized aerobic windrow composting process for the treatment of wastewater and municipal solid wastes, respectively, are recommended as appropriate technological options. The recommended technologies utilize existing arrangements for waste disposal, and aid an integrated resource recovery and reuse strategy that takes advantage of the geographic location and socioeconomic characteristics of SUAs to achieve lower waste management costs. Financial viability of the recommended technological approach is demonstrated through a comparative evaluation of competing treatment systems, and an estimation of costs and recoverable benefits resulting from waste reuse.

Suzuki, H & Sanagavarapu, AM 2000, 'Measurement and prediction of high spatial resolution indoor radio channel charateristic map', IEEE Transaction on vehicular Technology, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 1321-1333.
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Thompson, MD, Gonzalez, N, Nguyen, T, Comings, DE, George, SR & O'Dowd, BF 2000, 'Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms in alcohol dependence.', Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 61-67.
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The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene is a candidate gene in alcohol dependence because serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) can alleviate alcohol withdrawal. Studies of the 5-HTT gene in alcohol dependence have not resulted in a consensus. Recent studies have examined the transcriptionally active promoter polymorphism, a 44-bp deletion resulting in short (S) or long (L) alleles. In this study, 131 alcohol-dependent patients of Northern and Western European descent were genotyped. Seventy of these patients were diagnosed with alcohol dependence without comorbid disorders. Sixty-one patients were diagnosed with alcohol dependence comorbid with Tourette syndrome (alcoholic-TS). We found an excess of the S allele in alcohol-dependent patients (47%) compared with 125 ethnically matched controls (39%). A similar trend was found in 150 ethnically matched TS patients without alcohol dependence comorbidity (51%). However, the statistical significance of this trend in the data was not present after Bonferroni correction. The data presented suggests a trend toward increased frequency of the S promoter allele in alcohol-dependent, alcoholic-TS and TS patients.

Tilley, J.H., Coates, A., Wojcik, A., Ball, J.E. & Abustan, I. 2000, 'Development of a stage-discharge relationship for the rapidly varying flows in urban streams', Australian Journal of Water Resources, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 139-145.

Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Hailey, JL, Besong, AA, Fisher, J, Wroblewski, BM & Stone, MH 2000, 'Quantitative analysis of polyethylene wear debris, wear rate and head damage in retrieved Charnley hip prostheses', Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 117-124.
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Submicrometer- and micrometer-sized ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear particles have been associated with osteolysis and failure of total artificial joints. Previous studies have isolated predominantly submicrometer-sized particles at the expense of larger particles ( > 10 μm). This study aimed to isolate and characterize quantitatively all sizes of UHMWPE wear particles generated in 18 Charnley hip prostheses. In addition, to analyze the wear debris with respect to the total volumetric wear of the cup and damage to the femoral head. Particle size distributions ranged from 0.1 to - > 1000 μm. A significant proportion (3-82%) of the mass of the wear debris isolated was > 10 μm. The mode of the frequency distribution of the particles was in the range 0.1-0.5 μm for all patients. However, analysis of the mass of wear debris as a function of its size allowed differentiation of the wear debris from different patients. Femoral head damage was associated with high volumetric wear and increased numbers of biologically active submicrometer-sized particles. (C) 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Trinh, H & Ha, QP 2000, 'Design of linear functional observers for linear systems with unknown inputs', International Journal of Systems Science, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 741-750.
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This paper presents a reduced-order linear functional state observer for linear systems with unknown inputs. A simple observer construction procedure is provided. A numerical example is given to illustrate the properties of the observer. The example deals with a linear system comprising of 20 states, 2 inputs, 10 outputs and 5 unknown inputs for which a fourth-order observer is designed to estimate two linear functions of the states.

Tuan, HD 2000, 'Remarks on a global optimization algorithm for H-infinity control', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 1925-1926.
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Tuan, HD & Apkarian, P 2000, 'Low nonconvexity-rank bilinear matrix inequalities: Algorithms and applications in robust controller and structure designs', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL, vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 2111-2117.

Tuan, HD & Hosoe, S 2000, 'Multivariable circle criteria for multiparameter singularly perturbed systems', IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 720-725.
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A direct approach to the Lur'e problem for singularly perturbed systems (SPS) is proposed. In contrast to previous results, the feedback connection between the linear and nonlinear parts of SPS is allowed to depend essentially on both the slow and the fast variables. The Lur'e problem for multiparameter SPS (MSPS) is studied by the same framework.

Tuan, HD, Apkarian, P & Nakashima, Y 2000, 'New Lagrangian dual global optimization algorithm for solving bilinear matrix inequalities', International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 571-578.
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A new global optimization algorithm for solving bilinear matrix inequalities (BMI) problems is developed. It is based on a dual Lagrange formulation for computing lower bounds that are used in a branching procedure to eliminate partition sets in the space of complicating variables. The advantage of the proposed method is twofold. First, the lower bound computations reduce to solving easily tractable linear matrix inequality (LMI) problems. Secondly, the lower bounding procedure guarantees global convergence of the algorithm when combined with an exhaustive partitioning of the space of complicating variables. A rigorous proof of this fact is provided. Another important feature is that the branching phase takes place in the space of complicating variables only, hence limiting the overall cost of the algorithm. Also, an important point in the method is that separated LMI constraints are encapsulated into an augmented BMI for improving the lower bound computations. Applications of the algorithm to robust structure/controller design are considered.

Tuan, HD, Apkarian, P, Hosoe, S & Tuy, H 2000, 'D.C. optimization approach to robust control: Feasibility problems', International Journal of Control, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 89-104.
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The feasibility problem for constant scaling in output feedback control is considered. This is an inherently difficult problem since the set of feasible solutions is non-convex and may be disconnected. Nevertheless, we show that this problem can be reduced to the global minimization of a concave function over a convex set, or alternatively, to the global minimization of a convex program with an additional reverse convex constraint. Thus this feasibility problem belongs to the realm of d.c. optimization, a new field which has recently emerged as an active promising research direction in nonconvex global optimization. By exploiting the specific d.c. structure of the problem, several algorithms are proposed which at every iteration require solving only either convex or linear subproblems. Analogous algorithms with new characterizations are proposed for the bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) feasibility problem. © 2000 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Tuan, HD, Hosoe, S & Tuy, H 2000, 'DC optimization approach to robust controls: the optimal scaling value problem', IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 1903-1909.
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The optimal scaling problem (OSP) for constant scaling in output feedback control is an inherently difficult nonconvex problem for which in general existing local search algorithms can at best locate a local solution. However, it can be restated as a problem of globally minimizing a convex function under dc constraints, i.e., constraints that can be expressed in terms of differences of convex functions. A particular structure of this dc optimization problem is that it becomes convex when a relatively small number of 'complicating' variables are held fixed. We propose alternative branch and bound algorithms for OSP, which exploit this structure by branching upon the complicating variables and use adaptive subdivision strategies to speed up the convergence to the global solution.

Turnbull, GA, McGloin, D, Lindsay, ID, Ebrahimzadeh, M & Dunn, MH 2000, 'Extended mode-hop-free tuning by use of a dual-cavity, pump-enhanced optical parametric oscillator', OPTICS LETTERS, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 341-343.
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Turnbull, GA, McGloin, D, Lindsay, ID, Ebrahimzadeh, M & Dunn, MH 2000, 'Extended mode-hop-free tuning using a dual-cavity, pump-enhanced optical parametric oscillator', Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO - Technical Digest, pp. 521-522.
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This paper reports extended spectral tuning in PPLN-based PE-SROs. The devices described exhibit coarse wavelength tuning from 2.7 to 5.3 μm and smooth single-frequency scanning ranges of over 10 GHz. The latter is accomplished by a novel dual-cavity configuration in which mode-hopping is suppressed.

Turner, JR & Shannon, AG 2000, 'On Fibonacci Sequences, Geometry, and the m-Square Equation', Fibonacci Quarterly, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 98-103.

van Eijkelenborg, MA, Canning, J, Ryan, T & Lyytikainen, K 2000, 'Bending-induced colouring in a photonic crystal fibre', OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 88-94.

Veitch, D, Bäckar, J-A, Wall, J, Yates, J & Roughan, M 2000, 'On-line generation of fractal and multifractal traffic'.

Veitch, D, Taqqu, MS & Abry, P 2000, 'Meaningful MRA initialization for discrete time series', Signal Processing, vol. 80, pp. 1971-1983.

Vigneswaran, S, Kwon, D, Ngo, H & Hu, J 2000, 'Improvement of microfiltration perfromance in water treatment: Is critical flux, a viable solution?', Water Science and Technology, vol. Volume 41, no. 0, pp. 309-310.

Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, H, Hashimoto, K, Hasegawa, T & Watanabe, Y 2000, 'High Rate Floating Medium Flocculation-filtration With In-line Polysilicato-iron (PSI) Addition', Environmental Technology, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 317-325.
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The performance of a high rate floating medium flocculation-filtration system with an in-line addition of a silica-polymer compound, namely polysilicato-iron (PSI) has been investigated for water treatment. This study is intended to investigate the applicability of PSI as a sole flocculant or as a combined flocculant with an organic polymer in the downflow floating medium filter. The filter system was operated at a high loading rate of up to 60 m3 m-2 h-1. Filter column experiments were conducted at different PSI doses, filtration rates, filter depths and buoyant medium types and sizes. Results showed the filter system was able to yield uniform and filterable flocs (15 - 20 µm), even at a very high filtration rate of 60 m-3 h-1, through out the filter run time of 4 hours. Better filter performance was obtained when: (i) polystyrene beads of 1.9 mm diameter or polypropylene beads of 3.8 mm diameter; (ii) an in-line single dosage of 2.5 mg l-1 PSI; (iii) in-line combined dosages of 1.5 mg l-1 PSI and 0.4-0.6 mg l-1 organic polymers (cationic polyacrylamides, cationic polystyrene or Pollyallylamine hydrochloride) were used. When PSI was introduced as a sole flocculant, more than 90% turbidity was removed from a 54 NTU artificial kaolin clay suspension at a filtration rate of 30 m-3 m-2h-1 with very low headloss development. Greater removals were achieved when SIF was used in combination with a polymer (e.g.greater than 95% turbidity removal). Frequent (once in every 90 minutes) but short duration backwash (less than 60 s) by air and water enables the system to maintain a superior effluent quality (e.g. turbidity less than 1 NTU) during the filter run. Backwash water requirement was very low (approximately 1%-2% of filtered water production). A lower amount of sludge was produced from the filter in case of combined PSI and organic polymer coagulant addition.

Waldron, K & Hubert, C 2000, 'Control Of Contact Forces In Wheeled And Legged Off-road Vehicles', Experimental Robotics Vi, vol. 250, pp. 205-214.
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The use of variable configuration vehicles creates the possibility of direct control of the contact forces between the foot or wheel of a vehicle and the ground. That control is an important element of the coordination of practical walking machines. Cont

Wang, J 2000, 'A Hybrid Method for Unconstrained Handwritten Numeral Recognition by Combining Structural and Neural "Gas" Classifiers', Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 625-635.
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Abstract: This paper presents a hybrid method for handwritten numeral recognition that combines two compensatory recognition algorithms by analysing their performance for several aspects. The skeleton-based structural recognition algorithm employed in this method is robust under distortion but sensitive to noise and flaws. On the other hand, the neural network classifier, which uses scaled binary images as features and the neural "gas" model for classification, is relatively immune to noise and flaws but sensitive to distortion. The different performances of the two algorithms for broken, connected or slanted numerals, and the measurement-level decision provided by the neural network are detected and combined with different strategies to develop matching rules for each recognition method. Five combination methods based on performance analysis are developed to meet different requirements. As the two algorithms have fairly compensatory properties, the proposed method improves the recognition rate and reliability by exploiting the advantages and avoiding the weaknesses of each classifier. The experimental results from a large set of data show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method.

Wang, YJ & Lin, CT 2000, 'Recurrent learning algorithms for designing optimal controllers of continuous systems', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 580-588.
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Watterson, PA 2000, 'Energy calculation of a permanent magnet system by surface and flux integrals (the Flux-MMF method)', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 470-475.
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Watterson, PA, Woodard, JC, Ramsden, VS & Reizes, J 2000, 'The VentrAssist Hydrondynamically Suspended, Open, Centrifugal Blood Pump', Artificial Organs, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 475-477.
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Wei, D, Han, J, Xie, J, Fu, C, Wang, L & He, Y 2000, 'Experimental study on inner crack healing in steel during hot plastic deforming', Jinshu Xuebao/Acta Metallurgica Sinica, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 622-625.
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The test that tries to heal inner crack in 20MnMo steel and 20 steel was carried out by using HIGH-MULTI 5000 hot-press equipment. Under the hot plastic deforming, the inner crack can be healed completely and ferrite has been discovered in the healing area. Contrasting to the resuts of high temperature healing treatment without plastic deforming, the healing process with hot plastic deforming is developed rapidly. Structural inhomogeneity between healing area and matrix can not be improved.

Wei, D, Han, J, Xie, J, Fu, C, Wang, L & He, Y 2000, 'Steel crack healing at elevated temperature in vacuum', Jinshu Xuebao/Acta Metallurgica Sinica, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 713-717.
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The method of dissected sample heat treatment in vacuum was tried to study inner crack healing in steel at elevated temperature. The dissected samples with prepared inner crack were encapsulated in quartz glass tubes of 133×10-4Pa, then were heat treated at elevated temperature. The cracks on section planes of 20MnMo, 20 and 45 steels were healed, and the ferrite appears in healing area. The results are similar as that of intact sample heat treatment, which indicates that the dissected sample heat treatment method is feasible for studying inner crack healing in steel. It was deduced that surface cracks of steel could be healed in vacuum environment at elevated temperature if it was not covered by oxide. The welding at elevated temperature is more effective for crack healing than other mechanisms during higher temperature.

Wittwer, DC & Ziolkowski, RW 2000, 'Maxwellian materialbased absorbing boundary conditions for lossy media in 3D', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 48, no. 2, p. 200213.
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A two timederivative Lorentz material (2TDLM) which has been shown previously to be the correct Maxwellian medium choice to match an absorbing layer to a lossy region is extended here to a complete absorbing boundary condition (ABC) for threedimensional (3D) finitedifference timedomain (FDTD) simulators. The implementation of the lossy 2TDLM (L2TDLM) ABC is presented. It is shown that in contrast to the onedimensional (1D) and twodimensional (2D) versions the full 3D ABC requires a three timederivative Lorentz material in the edge and corner regions to achieve a rigorous matching of the resulting Maxwellian absorbing layer to the lossy medium. The 3D ABC implementation thus requires the introduction of an auxiliary field to handle the edge and corner regions to achieve a statespace form of the update equations in the ABC layers. Fully 3D examples including pulsed dipole radiation and pulsed Gaussian beam propagation in lossless and lossy materials as well as pulse propagation along a microstrip over lossless and lossy materials are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the L2TDLM ABC. ©2000 IEEE.

Wittwer, DC & Ziolkowski, RW 2000, 'Maxwellian material-based absorbing boundary conditions for lossy media in 3-D', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 200-213.
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Wittwer, DC & Ziolkowski, RW 2000, 'Two timederivative lorentz material (2TDLM) formulation of a maxwellian absorbing layer matched to a lossy medium', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 48, no. 2, p. 192199.
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A two timederivative Lorentz material (2TDLM) is introduced to define polarization and magnetization fields that lead to an absorbing layer that can be matched to a lossy dielectric medium. The 2TDLM is a generalization of the successful uniaxial polarization and magnetization timederivative Lorentz material (TDLM) which has been introduced as an absorbing boundary condition for simulation regions dealing with lossless materials. Expressions are derived to describe the propagation of an arbitrary plane wave in this 2TDLM Maxwellian absorbing material. They are used to study the scattering from a semiinfinite 2TDLM halfspace of an arbitrary plane wave incident upon it from a lossy isotropic dielectric medium. Matching conditions are derived which produce reflectionless transmission through such an interface for any angle of incidence and frequency. Numerical tests are given which demonstrate the effectiveness of the resulting 2TDLM absorbing layer. © 2000 IEEE.

Wittwer, DC & Ziolkowski, RW 2000, 'Two time-derivative Lorentz material (2TDLM) formulation of a Maxwellian absorbing layer matched to a lossy medium', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 192-199.
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Wu, CQ, Hao, H & Zhou, YX 2000, 'Statistical properties of the Bukit Timah granite in Singapore', JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 36-43.

Wu, GD & Lin, CT 2000, 'Word boundary detection with mel-scale frequency bank in noisy environment', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SPEECH AND AUDIO PROCESSING, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 541-554.
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Wu, SJ & Lin, CT 2000, 'Optimal fuzzy controller design in continuous fuzzy system: global concept approach', IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 713-729.
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In this paper, we propose a systematic and theoretically sound way to design a global optimal fuzzy controller to control and stabilize a continuous fuzzy system with free- or fixed-end point under finite or infinite horizon (time). A linear-like global system representation of continuous fuzzy system is first proposed by viewing a continuous fuzzy system in global concept and unifying the individual matrices into synthetical matrices. Based on this, the optimal control law which can achieve global minimum effect is developed theoretically. The nonlinear segmental two-point boundary-value problem (TPBVP) is derived for the finite-horizon problem and a forward Riccati-like differential equation (DE) for the infinite-horizon problem. To further simplify the computation, a segmental Riccati-like DE is derived in solving the finite- or infinite-horizon issues. Moreover, in the case of time-invariant fuzzy systems, we show that the optimal controller can be obtained by just solving algebraic Riccati-like equations. Grounding on this, several fascinating characteristics of the resultant closed-loop fuzzy system can be elicited easily. The stability of the closed-loop fuzzy system can be ensured by the designed optimal fuzzy controller. The optimal closed-loop fuzzy system cannot only be guaranteed to be exponentially stable, but also be stabilized to any desired degree. Also, the total energy of system output is absolutely finite. Moreover, the resultant closed-loop fuzzy system possesses an infinite gain margin; that is, its stability is guaranteed no matter how large the feedback gain becomes. An example is given to illustrate the proposed optimal fuzzy controller design approach and to demonstrate the proved stability properties.

Wu, SJ & Lin, CT 2000, 'Optimal fuzzy controller design: Local concept approach', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 171-185.
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Wu, Z & Ziolkowski, RW 2000, 'Electromagnetic effects associated with a cavity-backed aperture loaded with nonlinear elements', Progress in Electromagnetics Research, vol. 28, pp. 1-16.
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Wu, Z & Ziolkowski, RW 2000, 'Electromagnetic effects associated with a cavity-backed aperture loaded with nonlinear elements', Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 613-614.
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The electromagnetic properties of cavity-backed apertures loaded with nonlinearly-loaded, electrically small dipole antennas are studied with an extended FDTD simulator. A nonlinearity in the antenna load is introduced by connecting a nonlinear circuit to the dipole antenna. The simplest nonlinear circuit, a nonlinear diode in series with a resistor, is treated in detail to illustrate the effects of a device that will generate well-defined harmonics to any driving frequency. Computational results are generated for both TM and TE cases and for broadband and narrowband excitations. The extended FDTD simulations show that various EMC and RCS effects associated with the presence of a nonlinearly-loaded electrically small dipole antenna are closely connected to the resonant features associated with the cavity-backed aperture. It is illustrated that if the antenna position is properly correlated to peaks of the modal distribution supported by the open cavity, then the fields associated with frequencies generated by the nonlinear load can be coupled significantly to other elements or structures within its interior. It is further demonstrated that the fields generated within the interior of the cavity can be resonantly coupled to its exterior at those frequencies; hence, the scattered fields in the far field will contain information about the characteristics of the interior of the cavity and its nonlinear loading.

Ying, M 2000, 'Automata Theory Based On Quantum Logic Ii', International Journal Of Theoretical Physics, vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 2545-2557.
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We establish the pumping lemma in automata theory based on quantum logic under certain conditions on implication, and discuss the recognizability by the product and union of orthomodular lattice-valued (quantum) automata. In particular, we show that the

Ying, M 2000, 'Automata Theory Based On Quantum Logic. (I)', International Journal Of Theoretical Physics, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 985-995.
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We present a basic Framework of automats theory based on quantum logic. In particular, we introduce the orthomodular lattice-valued (quantum) predicate of recognizability and establish some of its fundamental properties.

Ying, M 2000, 'Declarative Semantics Of Programming In Residuated Lattice-Valued Logic', Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 481-494.
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We give two generalizations of Tarski's fixpoint theorem in the setting of residuated lattices and use them to establish van Emdem-Kowalski's least fixpoint semantics for residuated lattice-valued logic programs.

Ying, M 2000, 'Weak Confluence And Tau-Inertness', Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 238, no. 1-Feb, pp. 465-475.
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We introduce a new definition of weak confluences and show that they are equivalent to tau-inertness without any appealing to tau-well-foundedness. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Zhang, J, Arnold, J & Frater, M 2000, 'A cell-loss concealment technique for MPEG-2 coded video', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 659-665.
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Audio-visual and other multimedia services are seen as important sources of traffic for future telecommunication networks, including wireless networks. A major drawback with some wireless networks is that they introduce a significant number of transmissi

Zhang, XP, Wang, CH, Li, JC, Mai, YW & Ye, L 2000, 'A combined model of short crack closure accounting for both plasticity and roughness induced crack closures', FRACTURE AND STRENGTH OF SOLIDS, PTS 1 AND 2, vol. 183-1, pp. 217-222.
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Zhang, XP, Wang, CH, Li, JC, Mai, YW & Ye, L 2000, 'Combined model of short crack closure accounting for both plasticity and roughness induced crack closures', Key Engineering Materials, vol. 183.
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A new model combining both plasticity-induced and surface roughness-induced crack closures is proposed to describe short fatigue crack growth. The numerical results obtained using this model agree well with the analytical predictions of Budiansky-Hutchinson and are reasonably close to the experimental data.

Zhou, JL & Liu, YP 2000, 'Kinetics and equilibria of the interactions between diethylhexyl phthalate and sediment particles in simulated estuarine systems', Marine Chemistry, vol. 71, no. 1-2, pp. 165-176.
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The sorption of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) by sediment particles has been studied under simulated estuarine conditions, using freshwater and seawater samples collected from the Conwy Estuary, North Wales. The sorption process was rapid, reaching a sorption equilibrium within 6 h at a sediment concentration (SC) of 2.16 g l-1. With an increase in SC, it took longer for the sorption equilibrium to be reached. The sorption equilibrium can be adequately described by the linear partition model at low equilibrium aqueous concentrations. The sorption of DEHP was enhanced in the presence of salts, due to the salting out effect, and a salting constant of 1.156 l mol-1 was obtained. The sorption coefficient of DEHP decreased with increasing SC, from 1.28 x 104 ml g-1 at 0.1 g l-1 SC to 6.75 x 103 ml g-1 at 14.66 g l-1 SC, due to the presence of colloidal particles in suspension which were able to bind DEHP. This third phase was quantified by measuring its dry weight, which was found to increase with increasing SC. The effect of colloids on DEHP sorption was studied by correcting the observed partition coefficients based on the concentration of colloid particles, and the true partition coefficients obtained (1.61 x 104 ± 1.29 x 103 ml g-1) were found to show much smaller variations than apparent partition coefficient (9.37 X 103 ± 2.12 x 103 ml g-1) at different SCs. Furthermore, the true organic carbon-normalised partition coefficients for the two sediments with different organic carbon content became similar and relatively independent of SCs. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

Zhou, JL, Hong, HS, Zhang, Z, Maskaoui, K & Chen, W 2000, 'Multi-phase distribution of organic micropollutants in Xiamen Harbour, China', Water research, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 2132-2150.
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Xiamen Harbour, in the Xiamen Special Economic Zone of the Peoples Republic of China, was studied for its water and sediment quality, by determining the levels of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 12 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 18 organochlorine insecticides in water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), pore water and sediment samples from nine stations in the Harbour. Total PAH concentrations varied from 106 to 945 ng/l in water, <1 to 3548 ng/l in pore water, and 247 to 480 ng/g dry weight in surficial sediments. Total PCB levels varied from 0.1 to 1.7 ng/l in water, 2.7 to 34.8 ng/l in pore water, and <0.01 to 0.32 ng/g dry weight in sediments. The levels of all insecticides were in the range of 6.619.6 ng/l (water), 11.878.5 ng/l (pore water), and <0.010.58 ng/g dry weight (sediment). The levels of total hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) in sediments varied from <0.01 to 0.14 ng/g dry weight, and those of total DDTs were in the range of <0.010.06 ng/g dry weight. The micropollutants were present in higher levels in pore water than in surface water, due possibly to higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon or colloids with which the hydrophobic pollutants are strongly associated. Such a concentration gradient implies a potential flux of pollutants from sediment pore water to overlying water. The levels of pollutants in sediments are one to several orders of magnitude lower than those found in 1993, suggesting their decreased inputs in recent years in the form of fresh and less contaminated material and possible degradation over a period of time. Further work is needed to quantify the levels of these contaminants in suspended particulate matter, which are currently below the limits of detection.

Zhu, XQ & Law, SS 2000, 'Identification of vehicle axle loads from bridge dynamic responses', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 236, no. 4, pp. 705-724.
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A method is presented to identify moving loads on a bridge deck modelled as an orthotropic rectangular plate. The dynamic behavior of the bridge deck under moving loads is analyzed using the orthotropic plate theory and modal superposition principle, and Tikhonov regularization procedure is applied to provide bounds to the identified forces in the time domain. The identified results using a beam model and a plate model of the bridge deck are compared, and the conditions under which the bridge deck can be simplified as an equivalent beam model are discussed. Computation simulation and laboratory tests show the effectiveness and the validity of the proposed method in identifying forces travelling along the central line or at an eccentric path on the bridge deck.

Al-Ani, A & Deriche, M 2000, 'A hybrid information maximisation (HIM) algorithm for optimal feature selection from multi-channel data', ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings, pp. 3470-3473.
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© 2000 IEEE. A novel feature selection algorithm is derived for multi-channel data. This algorithm is a hybrid information maximisation (HIM) technique based on (1) maximising the mutual information between the input and output of a network using the infomax algorithm proposed by Linsker (1988), and (2) maximising the mutual information between outputs of different network modules using the Imax algorithm introduced by Becker (see Network Computation in Neural Systems, vol.7, p.7-31, 1996). The infomax algorithm is useful in reducing the redundancy in the output units, while the Imax algorithm is capable of selecting higher order features from the input units. In this paper, we analyse the two methods and generalise the learning procedure of the Imax algorithm to make it suitable for maximising the mutual information between multi-dimensional output units from different network modules contrary to the original Imax algorithm which only maximises mutual information between two output units. We show that the proposed HIM algorithm provides a better representation of the input compared to the original two algorithms when used separately. Finally, the HIM is evaluated with respect to biological plausibility in the case of feature selection from two-channel EEG data.

Al-Jumaily, AAS & Amin, SHM 2000, 'Behaviors blending for intelligent reactive navigation of climbing robot', IECON 2000: 26TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1-4, 26th Annual Conference of the IEEE-Industrial-Electronics-Society, IEEE, NAGOYA, JAPAN, pp. 795-799.

Al-Jumaily, AAS & Amin, SHM 2000, 'Behaviors blending for intelligent reactive navigation of climbing robot', IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference), pp. 795-799.
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© 2000 IEEE. The reaction of autonomous mobile robot to the dynamic, uncertain, and changeable environment is one of most difficult issue in the control of intelligent autonomous robot movement. Fuzzy control appears as a very useful tool for handling the intelligent reactive navigation. Present work deals with building of fiizzy? behavior based reactive navigation of goal achieving, obstacle avoidance, and propose new method to blend and coordinate multi behaviors in the same time. This method using fuzzy technique and fix priority value reflects the importance of the behavior We build our simulation and animation programs that can reflect on-line the robot movement and have capability' to using graphical user interface (GUI).

Al-Jumaily, AAS & Amin, SHM 2000, 'Blending multi-behaviors of intelligent reactive navigation for legged walking robot in unstructured environment', IEEE Region 10 Annual International Conference, Proceedings/TENCON.
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The reaction of autonomous mobile robot to the dynamic, uncertain, and changeable environment is one of most difficult issue in control of the intelligent autonomous robot movement. Fuzzy control appears as a very useful tool for handling the intelligent reactive navigation. Present work deals with building of fuzzy behaviors based reactive navigation to reach the goal, propose new method to blend and coordinate multi behaviors in the same time. This method using fuzzy technique and fix priority value reflects the importance of the behavior. Our behaviors system is test by building our simulation and animation programs that used to reflect on-line the robot movement using graphical user interface (GUI).

Alkhatib, A & Krunz, M 2000, 'Application of chaos theory to the modeling of compressed video', IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 836-840.
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In this paper, we apply nonlinear chaos theory in modeling and forecasting variable-bit-rate (VBR) video sequences. Nonlinear chaos modeling offers an alternative approach to stochastic (typically, linear) approaches, with the advantages of lower dimensionality and more determinism. However, the goodness of its predictions strongly depends on the accuracy with which the dimensionality of a chaotic model is estimated from empirical data. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, we present a novel approach for estimating the embedding dimension of any chaotic time series that satisfies the functional relationship of Farmer and Sidorowich. The proposed approach is applied to VBR video data and is used to show the existence of chaos in packetized video traffic. Second, we develop a chaos-theory-based model for VBR intra-coded video, which can be used to generate a rich set of synthetic traces that exhibit similar statistical structure to the original data. These traces are useful in performance evaluation and resource allocation in integrated computer networks.

Apkarian, P, Pellanda, PC & Tuan, HD 2000, 'Mixed H-2/H-infinity multi-channel linear parameter-varying control in discrete time', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6, 2000 American Control Conference (ACC 2000), IEEE, CHICAGO, IL, pp. 1322-1326.

Apkarian, P, Tuan, HD & Bernussou, J 2000, 'Analysis, eigenstructure assignment and H-2 multi-channel synthesis with enhanced LMI characterizations', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 39TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-5, 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1489-1494.

Ball, J.E. 2000, 'Modelling pollutants in stormwater runoff', Hydro 2000 interactive hydrology : proceedings of the 3rd International Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium of the Institution of Engineers, The Institution of Engineers, Perth, Western Australia, pp. 1-6.

Ball, J.E. 2000, 'Parameter estimation for urban stormwater models', Hydro 2000 interactive hydrology : proceedings of the 3rd International Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium of the Institution of Engineers, Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, The Institution of Engineers, Perth, Western Australia, pp. 1-6.

Ball, J.E. 2000, 'Runoff from road surfaces - how contaminated is it?', Hydro 2000 interactive hydrology : proceedings of the 3rd International Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium of the Institution of Engineers, Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, Institution of Engineers, Australia, Perth, Western Australia, pp. 1-6.

Ball, J.E. & Cordery, I. 2000, 'Information and hydrology', Hydro 2000 : 3rd International Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium of the Institution of Engineers, Australia, Institution of Engineers Australia, Perth, Australia, pp. 997-1001.

Bangun, RA & Dutkiewicz, E 2000, 'Modelling multi-player games traffic', Proceedings - International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing, ITCC 2000, pp. 228-233.
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© 2000 IEEE. The growing popularity of delay-sensitive multi-player games over the Internet is creating a need for proper characterisation of such traffic. We are currently developing source models for game traffic, on a per-player basis, with the intended use being to scale the models to simulate scenarios involving large numbers of players, which will enable us to observe the effects of game traffic on the network. We outline the procedure used, and we show that for certain cases, relatively simple source models are able to provide sufficiently accurate results (in terms of mean delay and mean buffer occupancy).

Beydoun, G & Hoffmann, A 2000, 'Monitoring knowledge acquisition instead of evaluating knowledge bases', KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, PROCEEDINGS, 12th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, JUAN LES PINS, FRANCE, pp. 387-402.

Beydoun, G, Kwok, R & Hoffmann, A 2000, 'Towards Order independent Incremental Knowledge Acquisition'.

Bidegaray, B, Bourgeade, A, Reignier, D & Ziolkowski, RW 2000, 'Multi-level Maxwell-Bloch simulations.', FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL AND NUMERICAL ASPECTS OF WAVE PROPAGATION, 5th International Conference on Mathematical and Numerical Aspects of Wave Propagation, SIAM, SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA, SPAIN, pp. 221-225.

Bidkar, A, Vigneswaran, S, Milne-Home, WA, Ngo, H & Moon, H 2000, 'Adsorption of Metsulfuron-Methyl on Granular Activated Carbon', Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Environmental Geotechnology and Global Sustainable Development, CEEST, Boston (Danvers), Massachusetts, USA, pp. 1079-1086.

Bird, TS, Hay, SG, Parfitt, AJ, Rao, N, Ward, D, Mahon, SJ, Dadello, A, Barker, SJ & Sprey, MA 2000, 'Australian Ka-band technology for FedSat', Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Australia, pp. 195-202.
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Advanced Ka-band space qualified hardware has been developed for communications and propagation experiments with low earth orbiting (LEO) satellite systems as part of the Co-operative Research Centre for Satellite Systems' FedSat mission, which is planned for 2001. This paper describes a 20/30 GHz transponder and its components, highlighting Australian monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC), antenna and system engineering contributions.

Bone, DJ & Popescu, DC 2000, 'A multiresolution scanning imager with spatially uniform noise response based on a new class of Hadamard masks', SENSORS AND CAMERA SYSTEMS FOR SCIENTIFIC, INDUSTRIAL AND DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY APPLICATIONS, Conference on Sensors and Camera Systems for Scientific, Industrial, and Digital Photography Applications, SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, SAN JOSE, CA, pp. 437-450.
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Chainais, P, Abry, P & Veitch, D 2000, 'Multifractal analysis and α-stable processes: a methodological contribution', Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. ICASSP’00. Proceedings. 2000 IEEE International Conference on, IEEE, pp. 241-244.

Chilakapati, N, Ramsden, VS, Ramaswamy, V & Zhu, J 2000, 'Comparison of closed-loop speed control schemes for a doubly fed twin stator induction motor drive', Proceedings of IEEE International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, International Academic Publishers World Publishing Corporation, China, pp. 786-791.

Chilakapati, N, Ramsden, VS, Ramaswamy, V & Zhu, J 2000, 'Current space vector control of doubly fed twin stator induction machine drive', Proceedings of IEEE - PES/IEE/CSEE International Conference on power System Technology (POWERCON 2000), IEEE, WA, Australia, pp. 73-78.

Chio, HM, Mohan, AS, Guy, D, Thomas, SP & Ross, DL 2000, 'Miniaturised antennas for microwave ablation of cardiac arrhythmias', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, p. 3.
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This paper presents two novel antennas based catheters for efficient delivery of microwave energy for ablation of arrhythmia causing cardiac tissues. A slot array antenna fed by a coaxial line is developed to create deep, thin and linear lesion for the cure of Atrial Fibrillation. Further, a single element Bent Wire Monopole antenna to create large deep isolated lesions for the cure of Ventricular Tachycardia is also presented. Finite Difference Time Domain and Finite Element methods are used to optimise the performance of the antennas based on their reflection coefficients and near-electric-fields. Phantom and in vivo animal experiments at 2.45 GHz show that the lesions created using these two antennas are superior in both width and depth as compared to the reported microwave ablation antennas and the radio frequency electrodes.

Crews, KI 2000, 'Development of limit states design methods for stress-laminated timber cellular bridge decks', World Conference on Timber Engineering 2000, World Conference on Timber Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 0-0.

Crews, KI 2000, 'Strength assessment of timber', World Conference on Timber Engineering 2000, World Conference on Timber Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 0-0.

Damian, D.E., Shaw, M.L., Gaines, B.R. & Zowghi, D. 2000, 'A Multidisciplinary approach to the study of distributed requirements negotiation', Fifth Australian Workshop on Requirements Engineering (AWRE2000), Australian Workshop on Requirements Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 91-100.

Dissanayake, G, Durrant-Whyte, H & Bailey, T 2000, 'Computationally efficient solution to the simultaneous localisation and map building (SLAM) problem', Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 1009-1014.
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The theoretical basis of the solution to the simultaneous localisation and map building (SLAM) problem where an autonomous vehicle starts in an unknown location in an unknown environment and then incrementally build a map of landmarks present in this environment while simultaneously using this map to compute absolute vehicle location is now well understood. Although a number of SLAM implementations have appeared in the recent literature, the need to maintain the knowledge of the relative relationships between all the landmark location estimates contained in the map makes SLAM computationally intractable in implementations containing more than few tens of landmarks. In this paper, the theoretical basis and a practical implementation of a computationally efficient solution to SLAM is presented. The paper shows that it is indeed possible to remove a large percentage of the landmarks from the map without making the map building process statistically inconsistent. Furthermore, it is shown that the efficiency of the SLAM can be maintained by judicious selection of landmarks, to be preserved in the map, based on their information content.

Donaton, RA, Iacopi, F, Baklanov, MR, Shamiryan, D, Coenegrachts, B, Struyf, H, Lepage, M, Meuris, M, Van Hove, M, Gray, WD, Meynen, H, De Roest, D, Vanhaelemeersch, S & Maex, K 2000, 'Physical and electrical characterization of silsesquioxane-based ultra-low k dielectric', PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 3rd Annual International Interconnect Technology Conference, IEEE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA, pp. 93-95.
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Drake, BJ & Beydoun, G 2000, 'Predicate logic-based incremental KA', Proceedings of the 6th Pacific Knowledge Acquisition Workshop (PKAW 2000), 6th Pacific Knowledge Acquisition Workshop, Sydney, Australia, pp. 71-88.

Eades, P & Huang, ML 2000, 'Navigating clustered graphs using force-directed methods', Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications, pp. 157-181.
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Graphs which arise in Information Visualization applications are typically very large: thousands, or perhaps millions of nodes. Current graph drawing methods successfully deal with (at best) a few hundred nodes. This paper describes a strategy for the visualization and navigation of graphs. The strategy has three elements: 1. A layered architecture, called CGA, for handling clustered graphs: these are graphs with a hierarchical node clustering superimposed. 2. An online force-directed graph drawing method. 3. Animation methods. Using this strategy, a user may view an abridgment of a graph, that is, a small part of the graph that is currently of interest. By changing the abridgment, the user may travel through the graph. The changes use animation to smoothly transform one view to the next. The strategy has been implemented in a prototype system called DA-TU.

Feng, L. & Zhang, N. 2000, 'Vibration of a cracked rotor in nonlinear rotor systems (The Resonance with respect to Angular Positions of an Unbalance)', 7th International Congress in Sound and Vibration, N/A, Germany, pp. 2875-2882.

Franklin, DR, Xi, J & Chicharo, JF 2000, 'An improved channel model for ADSL and VDSL systems', Communication Technology Proceedings, 2000. WCC - ICCT 2000. International Conference on, International Conference on Communication Technology, IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 30-33.
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This paper examines existing channel models used with xDSL systems and identifies a key shortcoming - namely, the implicit assumption that all impulse noise originates at the transmitter. Based on extensive data collected from the local loop, a new model is proposed which addresses this problem by combining a digital filter model of the transmission line with a distributed noise source. This better reflects the nature of a real telephone line, and thus provides a more solid basis for simulation and optimisation of xDSL systems

Gabrys, B 2000, 'Agglomerative learning for general fuzzy min-max neural network', NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING X, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS, 10th IEEE Workshop on Neural Networks for Signal Processing (NNSP 2000), IEEE, UNIV SYDNEY, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 692-701.

Gabrys, B 2000, 'Pattern classification for incomplete data', KES'2000: FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON KNOWLEDGE-BASED INTELLIGENT ENGINEERING SYSTEMS & ALLIED TECHNOLOGIES, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS, 4th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Engineering Systems and Allied Technologies, IEEE, UNIV BRIGHTON, BRIGHTON, ENGLAND, pp. 454-457.

Gibbens, PW, Dissanayake, GMWM & Durrant-Whyte, HF 2000, 'A closed form solution to the single degree of freedom simultaneous localisation and map building (SLAM) problem', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 39TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-5, 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 191-196.

Gowripalan, N, Zou, XW & Gilbert, RI 2000, 'Design considerations for ductility of prestressed beams with AFRP and CFRP tendons', ADVANCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS IN BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES, 3rd International Conference on Advanced Composite Materials in Bridges and Structures, CANADIAN SOCIETY CIVIL ENGINEERING, OTTAWA, CANADA, pp. 355-362.

Goyal, M & Parameswaran, N 2000, 'A Coherent Teamwork Model in a Dynamic Environment.', FLAIRS Conference, pp. 128-132.

Goyal, M & Parameswaran, N 2000, 'A complete teamwork model in a dynamic environment', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 718-728.
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A team is a task-oriented group, its behavior is constrained to eliminate actions that are not essential to task achievement. The differences of individual beliefs, intentions and plans cannot be accomplished, yet team demands that these different insights be combined or integrated such that agents act as one. The central hypothesis in this paper is that for effective teamwork, agents should be provided explicit time lines and an underlying model of teamwork based on a concept of team knowledge. The model also emphasizes on the team agent architecture that contains multiple level belief modules (team, group, society, and individual beliefs) as its core to allow robust and coherent team behavior. The application and implementation of this model to a virtual fire-fighting domain has revealed a promising prospect in developing team agents. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000.

Goyal, ML & Parameswaran, N 2000, 'The Attitudes in Team Based Problem Solving', International ICSC Symposium on Muti-agents and Mobile Agents in Virtual Organizations and E-Commerce (MAMA'2000), Wollongong.

Granet, C & Bird, TS 2000, 'X-, Ku- and Ka-band compact feed horns for global-earth coverage from a geostationary orbit', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, p. 35.
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Three compact global-earth coverage horns have been designed to meet specifications similar to that required for the Optus C1 satellite. These horns have high gain, low sidelobes, good return loss and have compact geometries.

Ha, QP, Bonchis, A, Rye, DC & Durrant-Whyte, HF 2000, 'Variable structure systems approach to friction estimation and compensation', Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 3543-3548.
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Compensating for friction is concerned in this paper using the variable structure systems approach. First, variable structure-based observers are developed for friction estimation in mechanical systems with or without information of velocity. The estimates are then used for a model-based feedforward compensation for friction. For a non model based approach, a robust sliding mode controller can also be used to cancel the influence of friction. Sigmoidal functions are use in lieu of signum functions to reduce chattering. Simulation results verify the validity of the proposed technique to compensate for friction of both static and dynamic models.

Ha, QP, Rye, DC, Durrant-Whyte, HF & Trinh, H 2000, 'Fuzzy global control for complex systems', NINTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ-IEEE 2000), VOLS 1 AND 2, 9th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZy-IEEE 2000), IEEE, SAN ANTONIO, TX, pp. 459-464.

Hao, H & Wu, CQ 2000, 'Numerical modeling of underground explosion-induced stress wave propagation in rock mass', WAVE 2000: WAVE PROPAGATION, MOVING LOAD, VIBRATION REDUCTION, WAVE 2000 International Workshop, A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS, BOCHUM, GERMANY, pp. 369-378.

Hawryszkiewycz, I.T. 2000, 'Analysis for Cooperative Business Processes', Sydney, UTS, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 0-0.

Hawryszkiewycz, I.T. 2000, 'Describing Work Processes in Collaborative Work', Proceedings, The International Workshop on Cooperative Internet Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, pp. 264-268.

Hawryszkiewycz, I.T. 2000, 'Evolving Knowledge Intensive Community Networks', AUSWEB2K - The Sixth Australian World Wide Conference The Web: Communication & Information Access for a New Millennium, Australian World Wide Web Conference, Norsearch Retrographics, Cairns, Queensland, pp. 131-146.

Hawryszkiewycz, I.T. 2000, 'Knowledge networks in Administrative Systems', Working Conference on Advances in Electronic Government, IFID Trough Seminario de Informatica y Dorecujo, Zaragoza, pp. 59-76.

Hawryszkiewycz, I.T. 2000, 'Supporting Learning as a Process of Knowledge Creation within Communities of Knowing', Challenges of Information Technology Management in the 21st Century, Idea Groups Publishing, Anchorage, Alaska, USA, pp. 678-681.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 2000, 'Creating and Supporting Learning Environments', The Proceedings of the Fourth Australasian Computing Education Conference, N/A, Melbourne, Victoria, pp. 134-138.

Hazelton, P.A. 2000, 'Soil science an emerging interdisciplinary link', Soil 2000: New Horizons for a new century, Society of Social Science, New Zealand, Christchurch, pp. 0-0.

Hazelton, P.A. & Beecham, S.C. 2000, 'Field investigation of stormwater infiltration practices in New South Wales, Australia - Woy Woy a Test Case', First International Conference on Soils of Urban, Industrial, Traffic and Mining Areas, N/A, Germany, pp. 0-0.

He, S & Hintz, TB 2000, 'Parallel Recognition of Occluded Objects within Spiral Architecture', 18th IASTED International Conference on Applied Informatics, IASTED/ACTA Press, Innsbruck, Austria, pp. 285-289.

He, S & Hintz, TB 2000, 'Refining Edge Detection within Spiral Architecture', 23rd Australasian Computer Science Conference, Australasian Computer Science Conference, IEEE Computre Society, Canberra, Australia, pp. 113-119.

He, S & Hintz, TB 2000, 'Refining Occluded Object Recognition within Spiral Architecture', 2000 International Conference on Image Science, Systems and Applications, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 701-708.

He, S, Hintz, TB & Szewcow, U 2000, 'Object Recognition by an Integral Invariant within Spiral Architecture', Fourth Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Asian Conference on Computer Vision, N/A, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 294-299.

Hill, MJ, Papapolymerou, J & Ziolkowski, RW 2000, 'A high performance K-band diplexer using high-Q micromachined cavities', 2000 30th European Microwave Conference, EuMC 2000.
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Microwave diplexers are often used on transmit / receive systems to isolate a power transmit stage from a sensitive receive stage sharing a common antenna. With the ever-increasing need for efficient bandwidth usage, diplexers exhibiting close channel spacing, low insertion loss and small channel bandwidths are increasingly necessary. Utilizing two high Q cavity resonators, a Duroid-based high performance diplexer has been designed, fabricated and measured. This diplexer shows transmit / receive bandwidths of 2.39% and 1.8% and insertion losses of 2.38dB and 2.89dB, respectively. Channel center frequencies of 18.8GHz and 20.7GHz provide a channel separation of approximately 9% and channel to channel isolation greater than 24dB. Utilizing machined aluminum cavities and a Duroid substrate the diplexer design provides insight into cavity based diplexer construction, allowing for the design of a silicon based micromachined cavity diplexer. Simulation results from this silicon-based diplexer are also presented. © 2000 IEEE.

Hill, MJ, Ziolkowski, RW & Papapolymerou, J 2000, 'Realization of an active narrow band filter with electronically controlled defects in a microwave bandgap structure', 2000 30th European Microwave Conference, EuMC 2000.
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Microwave band gap structures (MBG) utilizing fixed defects have received much interest because of their ability to operate as narrow band filters. With the recent interest in reconfigurable wireless devices, the need for electronically controllable narrow band filters is on the rise. By altering the defects in a MBG crystal, the transmission properties of the crystal can be changed. Using this concept, a microwave band gap crystal utilizing PIN diode defect structures has been simulated, fabricated, and tested. Through the control of the PIN diode bias current, the transmission effects caused by the crystal defects can be altered. Experiments demonstrating contrasts of more than 30 dB between the diode-on and diode-off states are presented along with FDTD simulation results. © 2000 IEEE.

Holtzman, R, Kastner, R, Heyman, E & Ziolkowski, RW 2000, 'Stability analysis of the Green's Function Method (GFM) used as an ABC for arbitrarily-shaped boundaries', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest), pp. 1358-1361.
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The stability characteristics of Green's Function Method (GFM) were evaluated. Eigenvalue analysis of the gain matrix led to a number of means of eliminating instabilities. The possibility of making the GFM stable was confirmed.

Holtzman, R, Kastnert, R, Heyman, E & Ziolkowski, RW 2000, 'The time domain discrete green's function method (GFM) as an ABC for arbitrarily-shaped boundaries', 21st IEEE Convention of the Electrical and Electronic Engineers in Israel, Proceedings, pp. 25-28.
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© 2000 IEEE. With the advent of newly-introduced Absorbing Boundary Conditions (ABC's) for mesh truncation in the context of the Finite-Difference-Time-Domain (FDTD) computations, it has been recognized that the boundaries of the computational domain can be defined in close proximity to scatterers, and yet produce very small reflections. The most successful methods can be categorized under the two following titles: (A) approximations to the continuous one way wave equation at the boundary e.g. the Engquist-Majda-Mur conditions [l], and (b) the use of artificial or physical absorbing materials near the boundary, such as the PML [2]. The ABC's, applied at the boundaries of the computational domain, are initially formulated in the continuous world, and then discretized for use in the FDTD scheme. It is now recognized that typically more than 10 PML layers must be employed for sufficiently accurate results. This extra computational region imposes additional burden on the computational resources, compared with simpler methods that only require a small stencil close to the boundary.

Hong, G., Mallinson, S.G. & Reizes, J. 2000, 'Experimental and numerical visualization of synthetic jets', Proceedings, 9th Millennium International Symposium on Flow Visualization, Millennium International Symposium on Flow Visualization, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Horrocks, G., Reizes, J. & Hong, G. 2000, 'Tumble vortex breakdown during the compression stroke of a model internal combustion engines', 2000 Fall Technical Conference of the ASME International Combustion Engine Division Peoria IL, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Peoria IL, pp. 39-52.

Huang, M. 2000, 'Information Visualization in Web site mapping', World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics SCI 2000, World Multi-Conference on Systematics, Cybernetics and Informatics, IIIS, Orlando, Florida, USA, pp. 390-395.

Huang, M. & Xue, D. 2000, 'The Strategy of Hyperlink Filtering for Visual Web Browsing', International Conference on Internet Computing (IC 2000), International Conference on Internet Computing, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 307-314.

Huynh, BP 2000, 'Influence of surface cooling on extrudate swell - A numerical study', Proceedings of the 13th International Congress on Rheology, The 13th International Congress on Rheology, The British Society of Rheology, Cambridge, UK, pp. 187-189.
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Jay, CB & Keller, G 2000, 'Towards Dynamic Shaping', Communication-Based Systems: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop held at the TU Berlin, Germany, 31 March - 1 April 2000, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 103-110.

Jegatheesan, V, Ngo, H & Vigneswaran, S 2000, 'High rate filtration using buoyant medium: experiments and mathematical models', Critical Technologies to the World in 21st century: Pollution Control and Reclamation in process industries, International Water Association, Beijing, China, pp. 0-0.

Kennedy, P.J. & Osborn, T. 2000, 'Evolution of Adaptive Behaviour in a Simulated Single-Celled Organism', SAB 2000 Proceedings Supplement Book; Sixth International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behaviour: From Animals to Animats, The International Society for Adaptive Behavior, Paris, France, pp. 225-234.

Kirpitchenko, I., Zhang, N. & Tchernkkh, S. 2000, 'Modeling Dynamics of a Continuous Structure with a Piezoelectric Sensor/Actuator for Passive Structural Control', Proc. of the 5th International Symposium Transport Noise and Vibration, the 5th International Symposium Transport Noise and Vibration,, UTS, Sydney, Australia, pp. 287-292.

Kirpitchenko, I., Zhang, N. & Tchernykh, S. 2000, 'Piezoelectric sensor/actuator for adaptive vibration control of continuous structures', Advances in Computational Engineering & Sciences, Tech Science Press, Los Angeles, USA, pp. 0-0.

Korkmaz, T, Krunz, M & Tragoudas, S 2000, 'An efficient algorithm for finding a path subject to two additive constraints', Performance Evaluation Review, pp. 318-327.
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One of the key issues in providing end-to-end quality-of-service guarantees in packet networks is how to determine a feasible route that satisfies a set of constraints while simultaneously maintaining high utilization of network resources. In general, finding a path subject to multiple additive constraints (e.g., delay, delay-jitter) is an NP-complete problem that cannot be exactly solved in polynomial time. Accordingly, heuristics and approximation algorithms are often used to address to this problem. Previously proposed algorithms suffer from either excessive computational cost or low performance. In this paper, we provide an efficient approximation algorithm for finding a path subject to two additive constraints. The worst-case computational complexity of this algorithm is within a logarithmic number of calls to Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm. Its average complexity is much lower than that, as demonstrated by simulation results. The performance of the proposed algorithm is justified via theoretical performance bounds. To achieve further performance improvement, several extensions to the basic algorithm are also provided at low extra computational cost. Extensive simulations are used to demonstrate the high performance of the proposed algorithm and to contrast it with other path selection algorithms.

Kristensen, M, Canning, J & Ryan, T 2000, 'Mode-coupling in photonic crystal fibers with multiple cores', Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe - Technical Digest, p. 17.
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A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is fabricated with multiple cores by drawing a fiber preform from stacked glass tubes. Transmission is high through each core despite many defects in the cladding, indicating that the guidance is determined by the holes near the core. It is observed that there is no change in the mode-field pattern, when changing the in coupling or bending the fiber, confirming the single-mode behavior.

Law, SS, Howe, D & Zhu, XQ 2000, 'Modal strain energy change in neural network damage assessment', ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS I & II, International Conference on Advances in Structural Dynamics (ASD 2000), ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1037-1044.

Lederer, B, Plekhanova, V & Jay, CB 2000, 'Teaching a capstone subject in computer science – a variety engineering approach', Proceedings of the 23rd Australasian Computer Science Conference ACSC 2000 Canberra, Australia January 31 – February 3, 2000., Computer Science Association, pp. 136-142.

Leung, C & Zhu, J 2000, 'Performance simulation of a linear variable reluctance permanent magnet motor with current control', Proceedings of IEEE International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, International Academic Publishers World Publishing Corporation, China, pp. 602-0.

Li, J, Dong, G & Ramamohanarao, K 2000, 'Instance-Based Classification by Emerging Patterns', LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE , SPRINGER, pp. 191-200.

Li, J. & Samali, B. 2000, 'Control of a Five Storey Building Model Under Benchmark Earthquake Using SMA Actuators', The 5th International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, Centre for Built Infrastructure Research, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

Li, JY, Ramamohanarao, K & Dong, GZ 2000, 'Emerging patterns and classification', ADVANCES IN COMPUTING SCIENCE-ASIAN 2000, PROCEEDINGS, 6th Asian Computing Science Conference, SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, GEORGE TOWN, MALAYSIA, pp. 15-32.

Lin, CT, Chung, IF, Liann, SA & Su, FY 2000, 'Multipurpose virtual-reality-based motion simulator', Proceedings of the World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA), pp. 2699-2704.
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Public security has become an important issue everywhere. Especially, the safe manipulation and control of various machines and vehicles has gained special attention such that the authorities keep emphasizing the strict training and censoring of human operators. Currently, such training and censoring process usually relies on the actual machines, equipment, or vehicles in the real sites. This not only has high demands in space, time and cost, but also causes another phase of public security problem. In this connection, the world-wide trend is to tackle the above dilemma by using virtual reality (VR). However, the current researches or products on VR are more matured in the software display part of VR. How to combine 3D VR display with motion platform to achieve the aforementioned training and censoring purposes is an important research issue. This paper focuses on this research issue, and the goal is to develop a multipurpose virtual-reality-based motion simulation system to meet the requirements of public security in training and censoring of human operators.

Lister, R 2000, 'On blooming first year programming, and its blooming assessment', ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 158-162.
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© 2000 ACM. The traditional approach to introductory programming has students writing complete programs, as early as possible. Also, the traditional emphasis is on the technology, not the explicit cognitive development of the student This approach jumps to the fifth and sixth levels of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, when these last two levels depend upon competence in the first four levels. I describe my alternative approach that addresses the six stages in sequence, emphasising effective assessment processes for the first four levels.

Lister, RF 2000, 'On blooming first year programming, and its blooming assessment.', Proceedings of the Australasian Conference on Computing Education, Australasian Conference on Computing Education, ACM Press, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 158-162.
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The traditional approach to introductory programming has students writing complete programs, as early as possible. Also, the traditional emphasis is on the technology, not the explicit cognitive development of the student. This approach jumps to the fifth and sixth levels of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, when these last two levels depend upon competence in the first four levels. I describe my alternative approach that addresses the six stages in sequence, emphasising effective assessment processes for the first four levels.

Liu, D., Zhang, N., Jeyakumaran, J.M. & Villanueva, L. 2000, 'Dynamics and Shift Control of Automatic Transmissions', Proc. of the Fifth International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, UTS, Sydney, australia, pp. 597-602.

Liu, D., Zhang, N., Lu, F. & Q, S.L. 2000, 'Optimal Number and Positions of Actuators in Actively Controlled Structures', Proc. of the 5th International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, UTS, Sydney, Australia, pp. 347-352.

Lu, H, Zhu, J & Ramsden, VS 2000, 'Comparison of experimental techniques for determination of stray capacitances in high frequency transformers', Record of IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conference (PESC 00), IEEE, Ireland, pp. 1645-1650.

Mallinson, S.G., Hong, G. & Reizes, J. 2000, 'Experimental studies of a zero mass-flux flow control actuator', Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, Sydney, Australia, pp. 921-926.

Mallinson, SG, Reizes, J, Hong, G & Haga, H 2000, 'The operation and application of synthetic jets actuators', 31st AIAA Fluids 2000 Conference, AIAA Fluids 2000 Conference, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Denver, CO, USA.
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Authors: S.G. Mallinson, J.A. Reizes, G. Hong, H.Haga Information about this paper can also be found from http://pdf.aiaa.org/preview/2000/PV2000_2402.pdf Using 'Advanced search' and then input 'AIAA paper number': 2002-2402

Mao, G 2000, 'A hybrid ATM connection admission control scheme based on on-line measurements and user traffic descriptors', IEEE International Conference on Networks, 2000. (ICON 2000). Proceedings., IEEE, Singapore, pp. 248-254.

Mao, G 2000, 'A tight upper bound for heterogeneous on-off sources', 2000 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference(GLOBECOM), IEEE, San Francisco, CA, pp. 636-640.

Mao, G 2000, 'Heterogeneous on-off sources in the bufferless fluid flow model', IEEE International Conference on Networks, 2000. (ICON 2000). Proceedings., IEEE, Singapore, pp. 307-312.

Marjanovic, O 2000, 'Dynamic verification of temporal constraints in production workflows', Proceedings - 11th Australasian Database Conference, ADC 2000, pp. 74-81.
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© 2000 IEEE. Primitive support for time management has been recognised as one of the most significant limitations of today's workflows. In this paper, we propose a new temporal model for production workflows. After introducing basic features of the temporal model, we describe two time visualisation concepts: the duration space and the instantiation space that are used respectively for representation of relative and absolute (real) time. Then, we illustrate how these concepts may be applied to modeling of absolute and relative deadline constraints and dynamic verification of their temporal consistency. The work presented sets foundations for more advanced workflow management that includes features such as monitoring of workflow execution, reasoning about deadlines as well as management of workloads and learning about deadlines.

Marjanovic, O & Orlowska, ME 2000, 'Making flexible learning more flexible', Proceedings - International Workshop on Advanced Learning Technologies: Advanced Learning Technology: Design and Development Issues, IWALT 2000, pp. 59-62.
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As a response to the changing environment in which the educational sector operates today and, in particular, the increasingly diverse student population, many universities opt for flexible delivery of their courses. However, there is a tendency to focus too much on technology per se and not on the learning process. At the same time educational technology itself which still is lingering behind current developments in the information technology (IT) industry. We argue that educational technologies are still task-oriented rather than process-oriented and as such not capable of effectively supporting an integrated study process. We present a concept of Flex-eL-a flexible, fully integrated, workflow enabled, learning environment. We argue that flexible learning should be even more flexible and based on that premise, we critically evaluate the existing technologies for flexible delivery. Furthermore, we describe the main features of Flex-eL and discuss some important issues that we have come across during its pilot implementation. © 2000 IEEE. © 2000 IEEE.

Masjuki, HH, Mahlia, TMI, Choudhury, IA & Saidur, R 2000, 'Literature review on energy efficiency standards and labels for household electrical appliances', IEEE Region 10 Annual International Conference, Proceedings/TENCON.
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This is a summarized previous works on energy efficiency standards and labels for household electrical appliances. It concerns mostly about international situation and other country experience about energy efficiency standard in residential sector. The possibilities of implementation of standards and labels for various household electrical appliances in Malaysia are also discussed. From the international review and other country experience shown that; there are many advantages for Malaysia to implement the standards and labels for household electrical appliances.

Masjuki, HH, Saidur, R, Choudhury, IA & Mahlia, TMI 2000, 'Factors effecting energy consumption of household refrigerator-freezers', IEEE Region 10 Annual International Conference, Proceedings/TENCON.
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An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature, door opening, thermostat setting position, relative humidity, and loading on energy consumption of a household refrigerator-freezer. Our investigation reveals that temperature has the greatest effect on energy consumption followed by loading. Next greatest effect are due to door opening and thermostat setting position. Relative humidity has minimal effect on energy consumption. With the experimental data, a multiple regression equation has been developed to investigate their combine effect.

McGloin, D & Dunn, MH 1970, 'Simple theory of microwave induced transparency in atomic and molecular systems', JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS, 14th National Quantum Electronics Conference, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND, pp. 1887-1897.
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McGloin, D, Turnbull, GA & Dunn, MH 2000, 'Radio frequency field manipulation of electromagnetically induced transparency', IQEC, International Quantum Electronics Conference Proceedings, p. 18.
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Electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) in a three-level cascade configuration is examined in 85Rb(5S1/2-5P3/2-5D5/2), and two-photon EIT processes are used to resolve the hyperfine levels in the upper level of the coupling field transition. By coupling a radio-frequency field into one of these hyperfine transitions, EIT resonances corresponding to the hyperfine levels are either inhibited or enhanced, depending on the position of the hyperfine transitions in relation to the applied radio-frequency field. The roles of level splitting and three-photon resonance peaks in the resulting spectra are discussed.

McGloin, D, Turnbull, GA, Lindsay, ID, Ebrahimzadeh, M & Dunn, MH 2000, 'Methods for extending mode-hop-free tuning using a dual-cavity, pump-enhanced optical parametric oscillator', Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe - Technical Digest, p. 15.
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Continuous wave optical parametric oscillators (OPO) are well suited for high-resolution spectroscopy applications. Common cavity doubly resonant OPOs (DRO) exhibit signal and idler tuning ranges equivalent to several cavity free spectral ranges (FSR). Changes in the idler frequency were observed using a Michelson interferometer.

Ngo, HH, Vigneswaran, S, Kim, SH, Bidkar, A & Moon, H 1999, 'Microfiltration-adsorption hybrid system in organics removal from water', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2nd International Conference on Membrane Technology in Environmental Management, I W A PUBLISHING, TOKYO, JAPAN, pp. 51-57.

Nguyen, H.T., Ha, Q.P., Rye, D. & Durrant-Whyte, H. 2000, 'Low level control of electrohydraulic systems', Japan-USA-Vietnam Workshop on research and education in systems, computation and control engineering, Institute of Applied Mechanics NCSR Vietnam, HochiMinh City Vietnam, pp. 281-291.

Nguyen, QH, Ha, QP, Rye, DC & Durrant-Whyte, HF 2000, 'Force/position tracking for electrohydraulic systems of a robotic excavator', Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, pp. 5224-5229.
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This paper presents the sliding mode axis control of the electrohydraulic servo systems of a robotic excavator. The dynamic systems are described by a comprehensive model that accounts for nonlinearities and friction effects of asymmetric hydraulic cylinders. A sliding mode controller is developed for the electrohydraulic actuator of each working axis to provide stable force tracking. With a proper choice of the reference force, the control law can also allow tracking of a desired piston displacement trajectory. Numerical simulation demonstrates the validity of the proposed technique. Experimental results show good performance and strong robustness in both force and position following.

Nguyen, QH, Ha, QP, Rye, DC & Durrant-Whyte, HF 2000, 'Force/position tracking for systems of a robotic electrohydraulic excavator', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 39TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-5, 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 5224-5229.

O'Neill, T, Leaney, J, Rowe, D, Simpson, H, Rangarajan, M, Weiss, J, Papp, Z, Bapty, T, Purves, B, Horvath, G & de Jong, E 2000, 'IEEE ECBS'99 TC Architecture Working Group (AWG) report', Proceedings of the International Symposium and Workshop on Engineering of Computer Based Systems, pp. 383-389.
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The guiding document for the AWG was produced by David Rowe of UTS with collaboration from Hugo Simpson, John Leaney, Willi Rossak and Christoph Schaffer. The document was entitled 'IEEE ECBS TC Architecture Focus Group Discussion Paper' and is available from www.eng.uts.edu.au/approx.drowe. The discussion paper was tabled and distributed to the AWG participants and served as a guide for the WG discussions. The AWG primarily traversed this document and therefore the section headings of this report correspond directly to those of the discussion paper with a few additions for clarification.

O'Neill, T, Leaney, JR & Martyn, P 2000, 'Architecture-based Performance Analysis of the COLLINS class submarine Open System Extension (COSE) Concept Demonstrator', 7th IEEE International Conference and workshop on the Engineering of computer based systems, IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE Computer Society, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 26-35.

Peters, MW & Drake, BJ 2000, 'Fundamental Robust Self-Organising Vision', Proceedings of the Fourth Japan-Australia Joint Workshop on Intelligent and Evolutionary systems, 4th Japan-Australia Joint Workshop on Intelligent and Evolutionary Systems, Yokosuka, Japan.

Pillar, N & Gowripalan, N 2000, 'Post-cracking behaviour of fibre reinforced concrete at early ages', ADVANCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS IN BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES, 3rd International Conference on Advanced Composite Materials in Bridges and Structures, CANADIAN SOCIETY CIVIL ENGINEERING, OTTAWA, CANADA, pp. 77-84.

Prokopenko, M, Pagnucco, M, Peppas, P & Nayak, A 2000, 'A unifying semantics for causal ramifications', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), pp. 38-49.
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A unifying semantic framework for different reasoning approaches provides an ideal tool to compare these competing alternatives. However, it has been shown recently that a pure preferential semantics alone is not capable of providing such a unifying framework. On the other hand, variants of preferential semantics augmented by additional structures on the state space have been successfully used to characterise some influential approaches to reasoning about action and causality. The primary aim of this paper is to provide an augmented preferential semantics that is general enough to unify two prominent frameworks for reasoning about action and causality - Sandewall's causal propagation semantics [4] and Thielscher's causal relationships approach [5]. There are indications that these and other different augmented preferential semantical approaches can by unified into a general framework, and provide the unified semantics that is lacking so far. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000.

Rao, N, Parfitt, A, Dadello, A, Ward, D & Bird, T 2000, 'A low noise Ka-band down converter for space applications', 2000 30th European Microwave Conference, EuMC 2000.
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A Ka-band down converter has been developed for use in a transponder to be flown on board a Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellite called Fedsat. The down converter employs a single Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) which combines the functions of a low noise amplifier and a mixer. The down converter unit has been designed with a particular emphasis on the choice of right materials, components, packaging and assembly techniques with a goal to achieve a low cost unit qualified for space environment. © 2000 IEEE.

Rura-Polley, T., Hawryszkiewycz, I.T. & Baker, E. 2000, 'Facilitating Sensemaking in Knowledge Integration with Geographically Dispersed Cross-Fractional Teams', Challenges of Information Technology Management in the 21st Century, N/A, Anchorage, Alaska, USA, pp. 0-0.

Su, SW, Anderson, B & brinsmead, TS 2000, 'Robust disturbance suppression for nonlinear systems based on H control', the 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 3013-3018.

Suffern, KG 2000, 'Effective Instructional Animation in 3D Computer Graphics Education', Fourth Australasian Computing Education Conference, Association for Computing Machinery, Monash University, pp. 228-234.

Sundaravadivel, M & Vigneswaran, S 2000, 'Waste collection and treatment technology for semi-urban areas of India: A case study', First Water Congress of the International Water Association, International Water Association, Paris, France, pp. 0-0.

Tansley, G.D., Cook, M., Woodard, J.C., Zhang, N., Chung, M. & Reizes, J. 2000, 'Complete Passive Suspension of the VentrAssist Impeller Rotary Blood Pump', Proc. of the Fifth International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, UTS, Sydney, Australia, pp. 809-813.

Tuan, HD & Apkarian, P 2000, 'Monotonic relaxation for robust control: New characterization', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6, 2000 American Control Conference (ACC 2000), IEEE, CHICAGO, IL, pp. 1914-1918.

Tuan, HD, Apkarian, P & Nguyen, TQ 2000, 'Robust and reduced-order filtering: New characterizations and methods', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6, 2000 American Control Conference (ACC 2000), IEEE, CHICAGO, IL, pp. 1327-1331.

Umakhanthan, K. & Ball, J.E. 2000, 'Integration of hydroinformatics with catchment models', Proc. 4th International Conference Hydroinformatics 2000, International Conference on Hydroinformatics, Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research, Iowa, USA, pp. 1-8.

Umakhanthan, K. & Ball, J.E. 2000, 'The influence of spatially variable rainfall on runoff hydrographs', Proc. Twelfth Congress of Asia Pacific Division of ADP-IAHR, Twelfth Congress of Asia Pacific Division of ADP-IAHR, GTrade Limited Partnership, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 817-827.

Veitch, D, Abry, P, Flandrin, P & Chainais, P 2000, 'Infinitely divisible cascade analysis of network traffic data', Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. ICASSP’00. Proceedings. 2000 IEEE International Conference on, IEEE, pp. 245-248.

Vigneswaran, S, Kwon, DY, Ngo, HH & Hu, JY 2000, 'Improvement of microfiltration performance in water treatment: Is critical flux a viable solution?', Water Science and Technology, pp. 309-315.
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In this study, three definitions for critical flux were introduced based on the crossflow microfiltration (CFMF) experiments conducted under an operational mode of constant permeate flux. The critical flux based on material balance was calculated from the rate of particles deposition. The highest permeate flux results in no particle deposition being taken at the critical flux. The second definition was based on the increase in transmembrane pressure (TMP). The critical flux based on the TMP increase is the flux below which the membrane fouling does not occur. The third definition was based on the direct observation of particles deposition through microscope. Detailed experiments were conducted with synthetic suspension of different sizes of latex particles. Long term experiments conducted with polydispersed kaolin clay suspension indicated that the critical flux based on material balance concept is more realistic in field conditions.

von Bibra, ML, Roberts, A & Canning, J 2000, 'Long period fibre gratings made with focussed ion beam irradiation', 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS, 14th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, VENICE, ITALY, pp. 604-607.

Wakana, H, Obara, N, Yamamoto, S & Bird, TS 2000, 'Comets Ka-band and millimeter-wave mobile satellite communications experiments in Sydney, Australia', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, p. 4.
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Ka-band and millimeter-wave land-mobile satellite communications experiments using the Communications and Broadcasting Engineering Test Satellite (COMETS) were carried out in Sydney from 10 March to 29 March 1999. High-elevation-angle propagation characteristics at 21 GHz and 44 GHz, and medium-elevation-angle propagation characteristics at 23 GHz were measured in central Sydney and in its suburbs. Land-mobile satellite services at high elevation angles of 74 degrees to 81 degrees can be provided over more than 94% of central Sydney, but the availability at elevation angles of 40 degrees to 50 degrees, which correspond to those for geostationary satellites, is only 19% to 26%. The experimental results showed that both Ka-band and millimeter-wave bands are useful for land-mobile satellite communications in sub-urban and rural areas, but only at high elevation angles in urban areas.

Ware, C, Judge, J, Chicharo, J & Dutkiewicz, E 2000, 'Unfairness and capture behaviour in 802.11 adhoc networks', IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 159-163.
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In this paper we address issues with the performance of IEEE 802.11, when used in the adhoc mode, in the presence of hidden terminals. We present results illustrating the strong dependence of channel capture behavior on the SNR observed on contending hidden connections. Experimental work has illustrated that in a hidden terminal scenario, the connection having the strongest SNR is able to capture the channel, despite the use of the RTS-CTS-DATA-ACK 4-way handshake designed to alleviate this problem. Our results indicate that the near-far SNR problem may have a significant effect on the performance of an adhoc 802.11 network.

Weily, AR & Mohan, AS 2000, 'Microwave filters with improved spurious performance based on sandwiched conductor dielectric resonators', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, p. 14.
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Microwave filters based on a novel resonator comprised of a sandwiched conductor dielectric resonator (SCDR) loaded in a cylindrical cavity are analyzed. The SCDR is a compact resonator which exhibits good spurious performance. Resonant frequencies of the various modes are analyzed, and mode charts, unloaded Q and slot coupling graphs are presented. S- parameters are computed using FDTD for a 4-pole elliptic function SCDR filter and compared with measured results. The measured results on spurious performance of the 4-pole filter shows a large improvement over conventional DR filters. The measured results agree closely with predicted values obtained using FDTD.

Wijesoma, WS, Kodagoda, S & Teoh, EK 2000, 'Design of Stable Fuzzy Controllers for an AGV', Proc. of IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2000), IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, Japan, pp. 1044-1049.
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Fuzzy logic control is a relatively new technology and hence it needs rigorous comparative analyses with other well-established conventional control schemes. Furthermore, fuzzy controller stability analysis is a major hindrance for its popularity among control engineers. This paper shows how stable fuzzy controllers may be synthesized for a typical AGV from the perspective of variable structure systems (VSS) theory. VSS or sliding model control (SMC) is an established robust nonlinear control methodology. The AGV is characterized by highly nonlinear, coupled and configuration dependent dynamics, with uncertainty in model parameters. Similarity in performance of the fuzzy controllers to the SMC controller is demonstrated through experimental results obtained for steering control of the AGV

Williams, SB, Newman, P, Dissanayake, G & Durrant-Whyte, H 2000, 'Autonomous underwater simultaneous localisation and map building', Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 1793-1798.
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In this paper we present results of the application of a Simultaneous Localisation and Map building (SLAM) algorithm to estimate the motion of a submersible vehicle. Scans obtained from an on-board sonar are processed to extract stable point features in the environment. These point features are then used to build up a map of the environment while simultaneously providing estimates of the vehicle location. Results are shown from deployment in a swimming pool at the University of Sydney as well as from field trials in a natural environment along Sydney's coast. This work represents the first instance of a deployable underwater implementation of the SLAM algorithm.

Wu, SJ & Lin, CT 2000, 'Continuous time-invariant optimal fuzzy tracker design based on local concept approach', IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, pp. 285-290.
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In this paper, we propose a global optimal fuzzy tracking controller for continuous time-invariant fuzzy tracking system to trace the moving or model-following target under infinite-horizon (time) quadratic performance index. We also demonstrate that the stability of the closed-loop fuzzy tracking systems can be ensured by the designed optimal fuzzy tracking controllers. One example is given to illustrate the proposed optimal fuzzy tracker design scheme and to show the proved stability property.

Wu, Y., Samali, B., Li, J. & Bakoss, S.L. 2000, 'Shock Test and Stress Analysis of a Heavy Metal Forge', The 7th International Symposium of Structural Failure and Plasticity, Pergamon an imprint of Elsevier Science, Melbourne, Australia.

Ying, M & Wirsing, M 2000, 'Approximate bisimilarity', Algebraic Methodology and Software Technology, Algebraic Methodology and Software Technology, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Iowa City, Iowa, pp. 309-322.
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We introduce a notion of approximate bisimilarity in order to be able to reason about the approximate equivalence of processes. Approximate bisimilarity is based on the notion of bisimulation index for labelled transition systems. We establish some basic properties of bisimulation indexes and give a Hennessy-Milner logical characterization of approximate bisimilarity. As an application we show how to describe approximate correctness of real time systems by giving an example in real time ACP.

Yu, X, Hoang, DB & Feng, DD 2000, 'Weight-based fair intelligent bandwidth allocation for rate adaptive video traffic', IEEE International Conference on Networks, ICON, p. 486.
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In this paper, we present a weight-based network bandwidth sharing algorithm, fair intelligent bandwidth allocation (FIBA) for transporting rate adaptive video traffic using feedback, and report on its performance. Through simulations the following results are obtained. The algorithm is capable of allocating bandwidth fairly for the MCR plus weighted allocation fairness criteria and MCR plus allocation proportional to PCR fairness criteria, among competitive, rate-adaptive video sources. It is able to reallocate smoothly when there are renegotiations of the minimum guaranteed cell rate, weight, or peak cell rate by some connections, or when a new connection is admitted, or when a connection is throttled somewhere earlier along the connection path. The algorithm prevents congestion, especially during the initial periods when buffer queues can build up significantly. © 2000 IEEE.

Zhang, N., Brown, T. & Judso, D. 2000, 'Enhancing Student Learning of Structural Control via a Comprehensive Laboratory Experiment Facility', Proc. of the 5th International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, UTS, Sydney, Australia, pp. 879-885.

Zhu, SZ, Zheng, JH, Li, L, Shen, SD & Luo, GM 2000, 'Effect of load modeling on voltage stability', 2000 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY SUMMER MEETING, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4, IEEE Power-Engineering-Society Summer Meeting, IEEE, SEATTLE, WA, pp. 395-400.

Zhu, XQ & Law, SS 2000, 'Moving load identification using a time domain technique', ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS I & II, International Conference on Advances in Structural Dynamics (ASD 2000), ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 601-608.

Ziolkowski, RW 2000, 'Photonic bandgap optical waveguide filters', INTEGRATED PHOTONICS RESEARCH, TECHNICAL DIGEST, Conference on Integrated Photonics Research, OPTICAL SOC AMERICA, QUEBEC CITY, CANADA, pp. 205-207.

Zou, PXW, Gowripalan, N & Gilbert, RI 2000, 'An experimental study on the time-dependent behaviour of concrete beams prestressed by AFRP tendons', ADVANCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS IN BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES, 3rd International Conference on Advanced Composite Materials in Bridges and Structures, CANADIAN SOCIETY CIVIL ENGINEERING, OTTAWA, CANADA, pp. 169-176.

Zowghi, D 2000, 'A Requirements Engineering Process Model Based on Defaults and Revisions', The 2nd International Workshop on the Requirements Engineering Process (REP2000), in Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA2000), International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications, IEEE Computer Society, Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 966-970.

Zowghi, D., Offen, R. & Nurmuliani, N. 2000, 'The Impact of Requirements Volatility on the Software Development Lifecycle', 16th World Computer Congress 2000, Proceedings of Conference on Software: Theory and Practice, Publishing House of Electronics Industry, Beijing, China, pp. 19-27.

Huynh, BP Department of Fluid Mechanics, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology 2000, Using natural current in rivers for water pumping - The turbine part, Report, Department of Fluid Mechanics, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, VietNam.
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Perry, SW DSTO Aeronautical and Maritime Research Laboratory, Department of Defence, Commonwealth of Australia 2000, Applications of Image Processing to Mine Warfare Sonar, no. DSTO-GD-0237, Sydney, Australia.
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Information from various mine warfare sonar systems is often presented to the operator in a visual form. To obtain the optimum performance of these systems, it is desirable to apply intelligent processing techniques to the corresponding imagery. This report examines image processing techniques which may have the potential to improve either system or operator performance. The types of mine warfare sonar imagery examined in this report are sector-scan, side-scan, and the AMI project imagery. For each of these three types of imagery/applicable image processing concepts and techniques are examined with reference to techniques recorded in the literature.

Peters, MW & Drake, BJ School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales. 2000, Jigsaw: the unsupervised construction of spatial representations, no. UNSW-CSE-TR-0007.

Wijesoma, WS, Kodagoda, S & Teoh, EK School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, NTU 2000, Robust Lateral Fuzzy Controller for an Out Door AGV, pp. 72-73, SIngapore.

Jay, CB 2000, 'Functorial lambda-calculus'.

Jay, CB 2000, 'The Functional Imperative'.